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Inauguration Day: Fact Sheet

Commercial Human Spaceflight Safety Regulations

Fishery Disaster Assistance

U.S. Tariff Policy: Overview

Office of Government Ethics: A Primer

China and Sub-Saharan Africa

The 2024 Army Force Structure Transformation Initiative

Mexico: Political Overview and U.S.-Mexican Relations

A New Civil Service “Policy/Career” Schedule: Issues for Lawmakers

FY2025 NDAA: Selective Service Registration Proposals

FY2025 NDAA: Medical Standards to Join the Military

Future Long-Range Assault Aircraft (FLRAA)

Farm Bill Primer: Support for the Dairy Industry

Malaysia

The Nonbusiness Casualty and Theft Loss Deduction

The Macroeconomic Effects of Artificial Intelligence

Debt Limit Suspensions

Fire Weather: Background and Forecasting

Dynamic Scoring for Tax Legislation: A Review of Models

Constituent Services: Overview and Resources

Constituent Services: Overview and Resources

The Vacancies Act: A Legal Overview

On the Radio: Public Performance Rights in Sound Recordings

Europe: Fact Sheet on Parliamentary and Presidential Elections

The Army’s Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV)

FY2025 NDAA: Basic Needs Allowance for Military Families

National Emergencies Act: Expedited Procedures in the House and Senate

Nuclear Cooperation with Other Countries: A Primer

U.S. Air Force Collaborative Combat Aircraft (CCA)

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: Status of Oil and Gas Program

Defense Primer: The Department of Defense

Marine Corps Advanced Reconnaissance Vehicle (ARV)

Russia’s Nuclear Weapons

Farm Bill Primer: Disaster Assistance

Economic Forecasts and Projections: Fact Sheet

The War and Humanitarian Crisis in Sudan

International Agreement on Plastic Pollution: Negotiations

Lunar New Year: Fact Sheet

TikTok: Frequently Asked Questions and Issues for Congress

Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV)

Options for Railroad Electrification and Decarbonization

Millennium Challenge Corporation

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and U.S. Trade Policy

Responses to Midnight Rulemaking: Legal Issues

The Army’s Self-Propelled Howitzer Modernization (SPH-M) Effort

U.S. Air Force Next-Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) Fighter

Israel-Hamas Cease-Fire in Gaza

Montana’s TikTok Ban Goes Before the Ninth Circuit

FY2025 NDAA: Reproductive Health Care Provisions

Federal Debt and the Debt Limit in 2025

Lebanon

The Army’s Robotic Combat Vehicle (RCV) Program

FY2025 Appropriations Status: In Brief

January 2025 Los Angeles County Wildfires

Generalized System of Preferences (GSP): FAQ

Tickets for Live Entertainment Events

Regulating PFAS Under the Clean Water Act

Lying in State or Honor in the U.S. Capitol by Non-Members of Congress

U.S. Army’s Maneuver Short-Range Air Defense (M-SHORAD) System

Iraqi and Afghan Special Immigrant Visa Programs

Social Security: Cost-of-Living Adjustments

CDC’s Updated Dog Importation Rule

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Nuisance Species Efforts

The Peace Corps

Defense Primer: Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works: Primer and Resources

Introduction to Financial Services: “Regulatory Relief”

Recent Developments in Everglades Restoration

Introduction to Cryptocurrency

Reauthorizing the Defense Production Act

Presidential Medal of Freedom

U.S.-Taiwan Trade and Economic Relations

Compilation of Federal Whistleblower Protection Statutes

Foreign Relations Reauthorization: Background and Issues

Introduction to Financial Services: Consumer Finance

Introduction to Financial Services: Capital Markets

Introduction to Financial Services: Derivatives

Navy Ship Names: Background for Congress

Port Automation and Payroll Fraud

Introduction to U.S. Economy: Monetary Policy

Introduction to U.S. Economy: Housing Market

The Middle East: Selected Issues for the 119th Congress

Introduction to Financial Services: Credit Unions

Introduction to Financial Services: Insurance

The U.S. Army’s Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon (LRHW): Dark Eagle

Senate Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper: A Primer

House Sergeant at Arms: A Primer

Introduction to Financial Services: Banking

Introduction to U.S. Economy: Inflation

The Fiscal Responsibility Act (FRA) in FY2025: Current Status

U.S. Direct Financial Support for Ukraine

Introduction to U.S. Economy: GDP and Economic Growth

Housing Issues in the 118th Congress

FY2025 NDAA: TRICARE Coverage of Gender-Affirming Care

Turkey (Türkiye), the PKK, and U.S. Involvement: Chronology

Defense Primer: Intelligence Support to Military Operations

Exchange Rates and Currency Manipulation

Members’ Representational Allowance: History and Usage

Farm Bill Primer: Hemp Industry Support and Regulation

The U.S. Marine Corps Marine Littoral Regiment (MLR)

FY2025 NDAA: Status of Legislative Activity

Cybersecurity: Selected Cyberattacks, 2012-2024

Federal Disaster Assistance for Agriculture

Size of the U.S. House of Representatives

Cuba: U.S. Policy Overview

Intercity Passenger Rail: Federal Policy and Programs

The Defense Innovation Ecosystem

U.S.-Japan Critical Minerals Agreement

Social Media: Content Dissemination and Moderation Practices

Global Food Security: Selected Multilateral Efforts

Bureau of Reclamation: FY2025 Budget and Appropriations

Cybersecurity: A Primer

FY2025 NDAA: Summary of Funding Authorizations

Farm Bill Primer: SNAP and Nutrition Title Programs

Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania: Background and U.S.-Baltic Relations

Homeownership

Global Human Rights: Security Forces Vetting (“Leahy Laws”)

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): An Overview

Suspension of the Rules in the House: Principal Features

The TRIO Programs: A Primer

Defense Primer: Navigating the NDAA

Defense Primer: National and Defense Intelligence

Defense Primer: Budgeting for National and Defense Intelligence

Law Enforcement and Technology: The “Lawful Access” Debate

Supporting America’s Children and Families Act (H.R. 9076)

Greenhouse Gas Mitigation: CRS Products

U.S. Agency for International Development: An Overview

Digital Trade and Data Policy: Key Issues Facing Congress

Introduction to Financial Services: The Federal Reserve

Canada’s Digital Services Tax Act: Issues Facing Congress

Defense Primer: The NDAA Process

China Primer: China’s Political System

Taiwan Presidents’ U.S. Transit Visits

The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant

FEMA: Increased Demand and Capacity Strains

A Brief Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program

What Happens If the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Lapses?

Disasters and the Federal Budget

Post-Disaster and Pre-Disaster Hazard Mitigation Assistance

Canada: Background and U.S. Relations

Emergency Federal Assistance for Extreme Heat: An Overview

National Flood Insurance Program Borrowing Authority

The Disaster Relief Fund: Requests Versus Reality

Turkey (Türkiye) in Syria: Key U.S. Policy Issues

Hypersonic Weapons: Background and Issues for Congress

The World Bank

Defense Primer: U.S. Policy on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems

Russia’s Security Operations in Africa

Nominee Financial Disclosure During a Presidential Transition

Introduction to Financial Services: The Regulatory Framework

Resources for Financial Market Data

FY2025 NDAA: Military Basic Pay Reform Proposal

Defense Primer: Military Pay Raise

Medicaid Provider Taxes

Farm Bill Primer: Rural Development Title

Farm Bill Primer: Rural Broadband Provisions

Iran: Background and U.S. Policy

Defense Primer: U.S. Ballistic Missile Defense

Presidential Funerals and Burials: Selected Resources

Patent Listing in FDA’s Orange Book

“Skinny Labels” for Generic Drugs Under Hatch-Waxman

Farm Bill Primer: Background and Status

Farm Bill Primer: Budget Dynamics

Expiration of the 2018 Farm Bill and Extension for 2025

Farm Bill Primer: Programs Without a Budget Baseline

Interest Rate Caps on Credit Cards

Clean Vehicle Tax Credits

Taiwan: Background and U.S. Relations

Farm Bills: Major Legislative Actions, 1965-2024

Defense Primer: The United States Space Force

Russia’s War Against Ukraine: U.S. Policy and the Role of Congress

Archival Records of Congress: Frequently Asked Questions

China’s Economy: Current Trends and Issues

Past Government Shutdowns: Key Resources

House and Senate Chaplains: An Overview

Farm Bill Primer: Beginning and Underserved Producers

Current Federal Civilian Employment by State and Congressional District

Servicemember to Veteran Transition

Illicit Fentanyl and Mexico’s Role

Authority to Launch Nuclear Forces

Navy Shipboard Lasers: Background and Issues for Congress

Farm Bill Primer: Energy Title

AM Broadcast Radio in Motor Vehicles

The Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Agreement (High Seas Treaty)

U.S. Capital Markets and China: Issues for Congress

Defense Primer: Other Transactions (OTs)

Venezuela: Overview of U.S. Sanctions Policy

North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons and Missile Programs

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA)

Panama: Country Overview and U.S. Relations

Legislating on Cybersecurity

Smithsonian Institution: Selected Legislation, 118th Congress

Sole-Source Contracts for Small Businesses

Admission of States to the Union: A Historical Reference Guide

Mali

Proposals to Amend the U.S. Constitution: Fact Sheet

Cluster Munitions: Background and Issues for Congress

Defense Spending and Your District

U.S. Nuclear Weapons Tests

Infrastructure Spending and the District

TikTok and China’s Digital Platforms: Issues for Congress

Inaugural Tickets: Past Practices and Considerations for 2025

U.S.-China Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement

National Statuary Hall Collection: Background and Legislative Options

Syria: Regime Change, Transition, and U.S. Policy

Bureau of Reclamation WaterSMART Program

House of Representatives Vacancies: How Are They Filled?

Iran and Nuclear Weapons Production

U.S. Health Care Coverage and Spending

Defense Primer: United States Transportation Command

Disaster Relief Fund State of Play: In Brief

Made in China 2025 and Industrial Policies: Issues for Congress

Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF): Production Pathways

Defense Primer: Navy Distributed Maritime Operations (DMO) Concept

Defense Primer: Naval Forces

Ghana: Current Issues and U.S. Relations

Defense Primer: Geography, Strategy, and U.S. Force Design

Artificial Intelligence and Patent Law

Defense Primer: Department of the Navy

Defense Primer: Department of Defense Pre-Positioned Materiel

United Nations Membership: In Brief

Membership of the 118th Congress: A Profile

Defense Primer: The Defense Logistics Agency

Desalination: Converting Saline Water into a Municipal Water Source

Argentina: Overview and U.S. Relations

Defense Primer: Military Officers

Section 307 and Imports Produced by Forced Labor

A Guide to Major Congressional and Presidential Awards

Defense Primer: Legal Authorities for the Use of Military Forces

Statistics on Women in National Governments Around the World

Regulation of U.S. Outbound Investment to China

Terrorist Financing: Hamas and Cryptocurrency Fundraising

The Federal Taxing Power: A Primer

Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS)

U.S. Anti-Personnel Landmine Use Policy

The Director of National Intelligence (DNI)

Defense Primer: Defense Working Capital Funds

Defense Primer: Military Separation and Severance Pay

U.S.-Mexico-Canada (USMCA) Trade Agreement

1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom: Fact Sheet

Defense Primer: Personnel Tempo (PERSTEMPO)

Defense Primer: DOD Domestic School System

Defense Primer: Junior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps

U.S.-North Korea Relations

USMCA: Automotive Rules of Origin

U.S.-China Competition in Emerging Technologies: LiDAR

Defense Primer: Military Retirement

Defense Primer: Defense Appropriations Process

Defense Primer: DOD Transfer and Reprogramming Authorities

Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and Elections

Defense Primer: Military Service Academies

Defense Primer: Defense and Intelligence Unfunded Priorities

Budgetary Decisionmaking in Congress

Israel: Major Issues and U.S. Relations

India-U.S.: Major Arms Transfers and Military Exercises

Funding Limits on Federal Prosecutions of State-Legal Medical Marijuana

Artemis: NASA’s Program to Return Humans to the Moon

Nicaragua: In Brief

Research Security Policies: An Overview

Lebanese Hezbollah

Patent-Eligible Subject Matter Reform: An Overview

U.S.–Papua New Guinea Relations: Issues for Congress

Defense Primer: U.S. Space Command

Mexico’s Migration Control Efforts

Cybersecurity and Digital Health Information

The POWER Initiative: Energy Transition as Economic Development

Pricing and March-In Rights Under the Bayh-Dole Act

Indian Water Rights Settlements

The Child Care and Development Block Grant: In Brief

Congressional Oversight and Investigations

Syria: Conflict Resurgence

Columbia River Treaty

Defense Primer: Military Enlisted Personnel

Nuclear Energy: Overview of Congressional Issues

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)

DOD Replicator Initiative: Background and Issues for Congress

Human Rights in China and U.S. Policy

Clean Vehicle Tax Credit Transfers to Car Dealers

The Dark Web: An Overview

Sri Lanka: Background and Issues for Congress

Gene-Edited Plants: Regulation and Issues for Congress

Use of Force in Cyberspace

DOE’s Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Carbon Removal Programs

Current Status of Federal Disaster Relief Accounts

Defense Primer: What Is Irregular Warfare?

Defense Primer: Operations in the Information Environment

Defense Primer: Cyberspace Operations

Deficits, Debt, and the Debt Limit in 2025

Caribbean Basin Security Initiative

Afghan Women and Girls: Status and Congressional Action

The Intelligence Community’s Foreign Malign Influence Center

Disclosure of International Travel by Congress

Tornadoes: Background and Forecasting

The U.S. Army’s Small Uncrewed Aircraft Systems

Legislative Evolution of U.S. Secret Service

Colombia: Background and U.S. Relations

Overview of Dairy Cooperatives

Marine Debris: NOAA’s Role

Moldova: An Overview

Defense Primer: FY2024 Department of Defense Audit Results

The Pacific Deterrence Initiative

Defense Primer: Reserve Forces

Elder Financial Exploitation

Defense Primer: Future Years Defense Program (FYDP)

Defense Primer: Regular Military Compensation

An Expiration Date for Temporary Control of Fentanyl Analogues

Defense Primer: Military Commissaries and Exchanges

Corps Water Infrastructure Financing Program (CWIFP)

U.S.-Panama Security Cooperation

U.S.-South Korea (KORUS) FTA and Bilateral Trade Relations

U.S. Employment-Based Immigration Policy

How Is Primary Energy Defined and Used?

State Department Passport Services: Background and Issues for Congress

Defense Primer: Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation

Consumer and Credit Reporting, Scoring, and Related Policy Issues

Poverty in the United States in 2023

The HIPAA Privacy Rule

Thanksgiving: Fact Sheet

AUKUS Nuclear Cooperation

U.S. Efforts to Manage Western Hemisphere Migration Flows

Defense Primer: Active Component Enlisted Recruiting

Defense Primer: Strategic Nuclear Forces

Defense Primer: Department of Defense Maintenance Depots

Defense Primer: Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering

Defense Primer: Active Component Enlisted Retention

Defense Primer: DOD Title 10 Security Cooperation

Noncitizens’ Access to Health Care

Defense Primer: Military Installations Management

Artificial Intelligence: CRS Products

Removal to Federal Court of Cases Against Federal Officials and Agents

India: Religious Freedom Issues

TRICARE Cost-Sharing Changes in 2025

Indefinite Delivery, Indefinite Quantity Contracts

SBA COVID-19 EIDL Financial Relief: Policy Options and Considerations

An Overview of the HOME Investment Partnerships Program

Iran’s Petroleum Exports to China and U.S. Sanctions

Defense Primer: LGM-35A Sentinel Intercontinental Ballistic Missile

The Pacific Islands: Background and Issues for Congress

Alternative Data in Financial Services

Burma: Background and Issues for Congress

Federal Pell Grant Program of the Higher Education Act: Primer

U.S.-Japan Relations

Bangladesh

FEMA’s Individuals and Households Program (IHP)

Veterans Day Speech Resources: Fact Sheet

Reinstatement of Removal Orders: An Introduction

Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2024 Appropriations

Permanent Legal Immigration to the United States: Policy Overview

Defense Primer: Quantum Technology

Defense Primer: Emerging Technologies

Defense Primer: Directed-Energy Weapons

Disaster Survivor FAQ: FEMA Individuals and Households Program

Armed Career Criminal Act (18 U.S.C. § 924(e)): An Overview

Defense Primer: Hypersonic Boost-Glide Weapons

Federal Student Loan Program Models

Native American Heritage Month: Fact Sheet

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Election Day: Frequently Asked Questions

U.S.-EU Trade and Technology Council: Background and Issues

U.S. Foreign Assistance

Defense Primer: Gold Star Designation

Paraguay: An Overview

Central American Migration: Root Causes and U.S. Policy

Election and Voting Law: Resources for Congressional Staff

Russia-North Korea Relations

The European Parliament and U.S. Interests

Escalation of the Israel-Iran Conflict

Cost-Benefit Analysis in Federal Agency Rulemaking

Taxation of Tip Income

Landslides: Federal Role in Research, Assessment, and Response

Israel and Lebanese Hezbollah: Conflict and Escalation

Iraq

South Korea: Background and U.S. Relations

Libya and U.S. Policy

National Disability Employment Awareness Month: Fact Sheet

Novel Gene Therapies for Blood Disorders

Yemen: Conflict, Red Sea Attacks, and U.S. Policy

What Is Affirmative Asylum?

Cambodia

Indonesia

Voter Registration Records and List Maintenance for Federal Elections

Is U.S. Entrepreneurship Declining?

Hamas: Background, Current Status, and U.S. Policy

Department of Defense Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: A Summary

Diplomatic Security, Embassy Construction, and the Role of Congress

Offshore Wind Provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act

Bolivia: Country Overview and U.S. Relations

Ukrainian Military Performance and Outlook

Defense Primer: Military Health System

Tax Statutes of Limitations

Angola: Key Developments and U.S. Relations

Nuclear-Armed Sea-Launched Cruise Missile (SLCM-N)

Resources for Tracking Federal COVID-19 Spending

The Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) System

Derivatives Trading in U.S. Banking

Connecting Older Adults to Information on Benefits and Services

Federal Deductibility of State and Local Taxes

Closing the Flood Insurance Gap

Emergency Relief Program for Disaster-Damaged Highways and Bridges

Health Care for Dependents and Survivors of Veterans

Social Security and Older Workers

A Stronger Workforce for America Act (H.R. 6655): In Brief

Visa Waiver Program

Federal Student Loan Debt Relief in the Context of COVID-19

Chile: An Overview

Science and Technology Issues for the 118th Congress

Presidential Authority to Address Tariff Barriers in Trade Agreements

Defense Primer: Arlington National Cemetery

Nonimmigrant and Immigrant Visa Categories: Data Brief

FDA Regulation of Tampons

Presidential Libraries and Museums

Defense Primer: Organization of U.S. Ground Forces

Legal Definitions: A Research Guide for Congressional Staff

Defense Primer: Department of the Army and Army Command Structure

Cost-of-Living Adjustments for Federal Civil Service Annuities

Defense Primer: Special Operations Forces

Constitutional Challenges to the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program

Social Security: The Lump-Sum Death Benefit

Army Security Force Assistance Brigades (SFABs)

China Primer: Human Rights

False Statements and Perjury: An Overview of Federal Criminal Law

The Federal Land Management Agencies

Sri Lanka’s Watershed Election

Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)

Energy Permitting Reform Act of 2024: Electricity Provisions

Introduction to U.S. Economy: The Business Cycle and Growth

Federal Election Results: Frequently Asked Questions

State Minimum Wages: An Overview

Introduction to U.S. Economy: Consumer Spending

Defense Primer: Nuclear Command, Control, and Communications (NC3)

Trade Remedies: Antidumping and Countervailing Duties

Introduction to U.S. Economy: Business Investment

Defense Primer: Senior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps

China: Nuclear and Missile Proliferation

Motions to Proceed to Consider Measures in the Senate: Who Offers Them?

The Purple Heart: Background and Issues for Congress

Tunisia: In Brief

Capital Markets: Public and Private Securities Offerings

Federal Habeas Corpus: An Abridged Sketch

Federal Student Loan Forgiveness and Loan Repayment Programs

Defense Primer: Army Multi-Domain Operations (MDO)

Agricultural Conservation: FY2023 and FY2024 Appropriations

Child Welfare: Purposes, Federal Programs, and Funding

Federal Habeas Corpus: A Legal Overview

Department of Education Support for School Safety Initiatives

Israel Kills Leader of Lebanese Hezbollah

Defining Recession

The Declare War Clause, Part 5: The Civil War

FY2025 NDAA: Security Cooperation

Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2025 State of Play

Kids Online Safety Act

NASA Appropriations and Authorizations: Fact Sheet

Salaries of Members of Congress: Congressional Votes, 1990-2024

Turkey (Türkiye): Major Issues and U.S. Relations

Iran-Supported Groups in the Middle East and U.S. Policy

Intelligence Community Spending Trends

Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables

Reliance on Treasury Department and IRS Tax Guidance

Federal Support for School Safety and Security

Pakistan’s Domestic Political Setting

The Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) System and Selected Policy Issues

Prospects for U.S.-Saudi Nuclear Energy Cooperation

Temporary Protected Status and Deferred Enforced Departure

The U.S. Defense Industrial Base: Background and Issues for Congress

Social Security Benefit Taxation Highlights

Commemorative Works Act: Siting Memorials in the District of Columbia

Military Survivor Benefit Plan: Background and Issues for Congress

Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management

Overview of the Truth in Lending Act

National Park Service: FY2025 Appropriations

Guatemala: An Overview

U.S. Arms Transfer Restrictions and AUKUS Cooperation

House Full Committee Hearings: 107th-117th Congresses

An Introduction to Poverty Measurement

Energy and Water Development: FY2025 Appropriations

The Estate and Gift Tax: An Overview

The June 2024 European Parliament Elections: Outcome and Implications

Judicial Review Under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA)

Early Voting and Mail Voting: Overview & Issues for Congress

Class Action Lawsuits: An Introduction

Turkey (Türkiye)-U.S. Relations: Timeline and Brief Historical Context

Freedom of Speech: An Overview

Alcohol Excise Taxes: An Overview

Sports Gambling and Consumer Finance

Smithsonian Institution Museums: Selected Issues for Congress

Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations

Components of Federal Criminal Law

U.S. Counterspace Capabilities

Klamath River Dam Removal and Restoration

Patriot Day: Fact Sheet

Regulating Contaminants Under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

Voter Registration: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress

The United Nations System: Frequently Asked Questions

The FY2025 President’s Budget in Historical Context

The HIPAA Privacy Rule: Overview and Issues

Election Worker Safety and Privacy

Medicare Coverage of GLP-1 Drugs

Houthi Attacks in the Red Sea: Issues for Congress

Military Construction: Authorities and Processes

Department of Labor’s 2024 Independent Contractor Rule

Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 118th Congress

Enactment of Appropriations Measures During Lame Duck Sessions

Unaccompanied Alien Children: An Overview

Georgia: Background and U.S. Policy

Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA): Pension Programs

The Congressional Review Act (CRA): A Brief Overview

Vietnam’s Nonmarket Economy (NME) Status

Teen Birth Trends: In Brief

Staff Pay, Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2001-FY2023

House Committee Staff Pay, Selected Positions, 2001-2023

Senate Committee Staff Pay, Selected Positions, FY2001-FY2023

Middle East Oil

Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2001-2023

Direct Loan Program Student Loans: Terms and Conditions

Thailand: Background and U.S. Relations

The Child Support Enforcement (CSE) Program

Biometric Technologies and Global Security

FY2025 Budget Request for the Military Health System

Discretionary Spending in 10 Graphs

Qatar: Issues for the 118th Congress

Federal Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Programs

Adolescent Pregnancy: Federal Prevention Programs

SEC Securities Disclosure: Background and Policy Issues

Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy

Child Support Enforcement: Program Basics

Taiwan: Defense and Military Issues

Omnibus Appropriations: Overview of Recent Practice

Congressional and Executive Authority Over Foreign Trade Agreements

Aerial Targets

Global Human Rights: International Religious Freedom Policy

Older Americans Month Speech Resources: Fact Sheet

U.S. Trade Policy: Future Direction and Key Economic Debates

U.S. Government Procurement and International Trade

U.S. Trade Debates: Select Disputes and Actions

Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs): An Overview

WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA)

Managed Trade and Quantitative Restrictions: Issues for Congress

China’s Global Investments: Data and Transparency Challenges

Evergrande Group and China’s Debt Challenges

The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy

Afro-descendants of Latin America: Selected Resources

Funding for Public Elementary and Secondary Schools

Retirement Benefits for Federal Law Enforcement Personnel

Extreme Heat and Climate Change

Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress

U.S. Sanctions on Iran

Transnational Crime Issues: INTERPOL

Venezuela’s 2024 Presidential Election

Financial Inclusion: Access to Bank Accounts

Secondary Cockpit Barriers for Airline Aircraft

Earned Wage Access Products

The Creation of Presidential Records

Immigration: Grounds of Inadmissibility

Federal Interagency Wildfire Response Framework

State Laws Restricting or Prohibiting Abortion

Australia: Background and U.S. Relations

Arms Transfers and International Law

Federal Assistance for Wildfire Response and Recovery

Foreign Leaders Addressing Congress

Timor-Leste: Background and U.S. Relations

Antitrust Law: An Introduction

Algeria

Medicaid and Incarcerated Individuals

New Zealand–U.S. Relations

Kenya: In Brief

The July 19th Global IT Outages

National Park Service: FY2024 Appropriations

Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF)

DOE Hydrogen Program Appropriations: FY2025

The Palestinians: Overview, Aid, and U.S. Policy Issues

Defense Primer: U.S. Precision-Guided Munitions

Dispute Settlement in the WTO and U.S. Trade Agreements

Kyrgyz Republic

African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA)

U.S. Senate Vacancies: How Are They Filled?

Line 5 Pipeline: Replacement/Tunnel Project

Syria and U.S. Policy

Summer Food for Children: An Overview of Federal Aid

Cabo Verde: In Brief

Child Nutrition Reauthorization (CNR): An Overview

Global Women’s Issues: Background and Selected U.S. Efforts

Family Violence Prevention and Services Act (FVPSA)

Inauguration Security and Operations

From Bill to Law: Stages of the Legislative Process

The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms

The Army’s Multi-Domain Task Force (MDTF)

U.S. Center for SafeSport: A Primer

Medicare Overview

U.S.-Canada Trade Relations

The United Kingdom’s 2024 Election

Botswana

Core Based Statistical Areas

Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations

Landsat Next on the Horizon

Veteran Suicide Prevention

Congressional Salaries and Allowances: In Brief

The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA): A Legal Overview

Central Valley Project: Issues and Legislation

Speechwriting Resources: Fact Sheet

Postsecondary Education of Native Americans

National Institutes of Health (NIH) Funding: FY1996-FY2025

Hypersonic Missile Defense: Issues for Congress

International Health Regulations Amendments

The Fed’s Balance Sheet and Quantitative Tightening

The Supreme Court Invalidates the ATF’s Bump-Stock Ban

Foreign Holdings of Federal Debt

The Philippines

SBA Disaster Loan Limits: Policy Options and Considerations

Automobiles, Air Pollution, and Climate Change

Medicaid Coverage for Former Foster Youth Up to Age 26

India’s Domestic Political Setting

Mountain Valley Pipeline: Past the Finish Line

Juneteenth: Fact Sheet

Legislative Branch Appropriations: Frequently Asked Questions

Elections and Campaign Finance Policy: A CRS Podcast Series

Can Tax Policy Increase Saving?

Forest Service: FY2024 Appropriations

Identifying Minors Online

India’s 2024 National Election

U.S.-Mexico Trade Relations

Defense Primer: Department of Defense Contractors

Independence Day Speech Resources: Fact Sheet

Mexico’s 2024 Elections

Electoral College Overview

U.S. Intelligence Community Establishment Provisions

Presidential Candidate and Nominating Convention Security

The Army’s M-1E3 Abrams Tank Modernization Program

Military Retirement: Background and Recent Developments

The American Privacy Rights Act

The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)

U.S.-European Relations in the 118th Congress

Judiciary Appropriations, FY2024

The SBA’s 8(a) Business Development Program

The Patent Trial and Appeal Board and Inter Partes Review

Floodplain Buyouts: Federal Funding for Property Acquisition

Ecuador: Country Overview and U.S. Relations

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: FY2024 Appropriations

The Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS)

Electricity Transmission Permitting Reform Proposals

Kuwait: Issues for the 118th Congress

Social Services Block Grant

U.S.-Vietnam Relations

Social Security: The Trust Funds

Presidential Transition Act: Provisions and Funding

U.S.-Kenya Trade Negotiations

The Marine Corps’ Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV)

Bulgaria: An Overview

The Armed Forces Retirement Home

EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund (GGRF)

Legislative Branch: FY2024 Appropriations

The Terrorist Watchlist

U.S.-Singapore Relations

Tokenized Assets

The IRS Technology Modernization Program: An Overview

Seabed Mining in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone

International Trade and Jobs

Offshore Energy Agency Appropriations, FY2024

China’s “One Belt, One Road” Initiative: Economic Issues

Farm Credit Administration and Its Board Members

Energy and Water Development: FY2024 Appropriations

Federal Small Business Contracting Goals

An Overview of Small Business Contracting

Central Bank Digital Currencies

Section 301 Tariff Exclusions on U.S. Imports from China

Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974

Social Security Primer

Department of the Interior Support for Tribal Water Projects

National Monuments and the Antiquities Act

Social Security Overview

Taiwan Defense Issues for Congress

Medicaid Disproportionate Share Hospital (DSH) Reductions

Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Program

Pakistan: Human Rights Assessments

Postal Primer: Post Office Naming

Trends and Proposals for Corporate Tax Revenue

Defense Primer: Procurement

Search and Rescue (SAR) Operations on Federal Lands

The Post-9/11 GI Bill: A Primer

Older Americans Act: Summary in Brief

Older Americans Act: Overview and Funding

Al Qaeda: Background, Current Status, and U.S. Policy

Farm Bill Primer: Conservation Title

Comparing DHS Component Funding, FY2024: In Brief

The Federal Status of Marijuana and the Policy Gap with States

USMCA: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)

Legal Consequences of Rescheduling Marijuana

American Battlefield Protection Program

Parliamentary Reference Sources: House of Representatives

Risks to the 2024 Economic Outlook

Poverty in the United States in 2022

Taiwan’s Position in the World

The Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) Program

Aviation, Air Pollution, and Climate Change

FDA Human Medical Product User Fee Programs

Commemorative Coins: An Overview

Nicaragua

The Compacts of Free Association

FY2024 National Security Supplemental Funding: Defense Appropriations

FY2024 Military Construction Appropriations: A Summary

United States Oil

Bank Failures: The FDIC’s Systemic Risk Exception

TikTok: Proposed Legislation and Implications

Year-Round Sale of E15

SBA’s Rural Activities

FY2024 Defense Appropriations: Summary of Funding

Planning and Paying for College: Federal Government Resources

FY2024 Defense Appropriations: Status of Legislative Activity

Takings Claims in DeVillier v. Texas Awash in Procedural Matters

Earth Day: Fact Sheet

U.S. Repatriation Program for Citizens Returned from Abroad

Changes to India’s Citizenship Laws

Oman: Politics, Security, and U.S. Policy

FEMA Individual Assistance Programs: An Overview

Bureau of Land Management: FY2024 Appropriations

Firearms Dealers Engaged in the Business

U.S. Naturalization Policy

Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: FY2024 Appropriations

Abortion Funding Restrictions in Foreign Assistance Legislation

Russian Military Actions at Ukraine’s Nuclear Power Plants

An Overview of Accreditation of Higher Education in the United States

Senegal

Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

An Overview of Small Business Subcontracting: In Brief

Niger

Naming VA Facilities

United Nations Issues: U.S. Funding of U.N. Peacekeeping

Credit Rating Agencies: Background and Regulatory Issues

Juvenile Justice Funding Trends

What Is the Farm Bill?

United Nations Issues: U.S. Funding to the U.N. System

Internal Revenue Service Appropriations, FY2024

The CASES Act: Ongoing Implementation Challenges

Bureau of Reclamation: FY2024 Budget and Appropriations

The Nordic Countries and U.S. Relations

FEMA’s Emergency Food and Shelter Program (EFSP)

Judiciary Budget Request, FY2025

Voting Systems and Federal Law

U.S.-Japan Trade Agreements and Negotiations

International Atrocity Crimes and Their Domestic Counterparts

Proposed U.S.-EU Critical Minerals Agreement

Terrorist Groups in Afghanistan

Overview of the 2018 Farm Bill Energy Title Programs

American Indian, Alaska Native, and Tribal Population Data

Peru: Country Overview and U.S. Relations

PEPFAR Extension Act of 2018: Extended Authorities

Baltimore Bridge Collapse: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

U.S.-China Trade Relations

President Reagan’s Six Assurances to Taiwan

The First Amendment: Categories of Speech

The IRS’s Free Direct Filing Pilot Program

Saudi Arabia

A Brief Overview of FEMA’s Individual Assistance Program

The Federal Role in Historic Preservation: An Overview

NATO Enlargement to Sweden and Finland

Discretionary Budget Authority by Subfunction: An Overview

DOE Appropriations for Its Hydrogen Program: FY2024

Where a Suit Can Proceed: Court Selection and Forum Shopping

Pakistan’s 2024 National Election

United Nations Issues: Overview of the United Nations System

Social Security Coverage of State and Local Government Employees

The Labor Force Participation Rate

The American Climate Corps

Enforcement of Economic Sanctions: An Overview

Stafford Act Assistance for Public Health Incidents

U.S. Shale Gas & Federal Lands

Dam Removal: The Federal Role

Federal Public Transportation Program: In Brief

Forming a Funded Federal Regional Commission

Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2024 Appropriations

Federal Business Disaster Assistance

Bahrain: Issues for U.S. Policy

Responding to Drought in the Colorado River Basin

Benin

Social Security: The Government Pension Offset (GPO)

Complete Streets: A Primer

The Federal Employee Paid Parental Leave Benefit

DHS Border Barrier Funding Through FY2021

U.S. Sanctions: Overview for the 118th Congress

Overview of Public and Private School Choice Options

ESEA: Charter Schools Program

Measuring Job Openings in the U.S. Labor Market

Social Security: The Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP)

Section 199A Deduction: Economic Effects and Policy Issues

Tax-Preferred College Savings Plans: An Introduction to 529 Plans

The Internal Revenue Service’s Private Tax Debt Collection Program

Federal Actions to Address Offensive or Derogatory Geographical Names

Expiration and Cancellation of Unobligated Funds

Energy Tax Provisions: Overview and Budgetary Cost

The Role of the President in Budget Development: In Brief

The Role of Executive Agencies in Budget Development: In Brief

Women’s History Month Speech Resources: Fact Sheet

The Executive Budget Process Timeline: In Brief

U.S. Trade Policy Functions: Who Does What?

Emerging Military Technologies: Background and Issues for Congress

TRICARE’s Next Generation Contracts: T-5

The Gender Earnings Gap

Foreign Direct Investment: Background and Issues

U.S. Trade Policy: Background and Current Issues

China Primer: Illicit Fentanyl and China’s Role

Trade Promotion Authority (TPA)

World Trade Organization

U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine

The Impeachment Process in the Senate

Health Insurance Premium Tax Credit and Cost-Sharing Reductions

Industrial Policy and International Trade

Water Resources Development Act of 2022 (WRDA 2022)

The Executive Budget Process: An Overview

National African American History Month Speech Resources: Fact Sheet

Child Care Entitlement to States: An Overview

Middle East Natural Gas

Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO)

Judiciary Budget Request, FY2024

National Park Service (NPS) Appropriations: Ten-Year Trends

Veterans Service Organizations (VSOs): Frequently Asked Questions

Federal Reserve: Policy Issues in the 118th Congress

U.S. Periods of War and Dates of Recent Conflicts

Gun Control: Juvenile Record Checks for 18- to 21-Year-Olds

War Crimes: A Primer

Section 230: A Brief Overview

Haiti: Recent Developments and U.S. Policy

How Would the Child Credit Be Calculated for 2023 Under H.R. 7024?

Child Tax Credit: What Lies Ahead?

Farm Bill Primer: Trade and Export Promotion Programs

The Role of Patents and Regulatory Exclusivities in Drug Pricing

Regulating Big Tech: CRS Legal Products for the 118th Congress

How Treasury Issues Debt

DOE’s Regulations on Gas Stoves

El Salvador: Background and U.S. Relations

The European Union: Questions and Answers

The Impeachment Process in the House of Representatives

Debt Limit Policy Questions: How Long Do Extraordinary Measures Last?

Next Farm Bill Primer Series

Argentina: An Overview

China-Philippines Tensions in the South China Sea

The Section 199A Deduction: How It Works and Illustrative Examples

Ethiopia: In Brief

FY2024 NDAA: Military Mental Health Workforce Provisions

Child Care Access Means Parents in Schools (CCAMPIS): In Brief

Prescription Drug Importation

The Disaster Relief Fund: Overview and Issues

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and Pregnancy Centers

Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank)

FY2024 NDAA: Military Mental Health Care and Research Provisions

The National Directory of New Hires: An Overview

The 574 Federally Recognized Indian Tribes in the United States

FY2024 NDAA: Military Construction and Housing Authorizations

Can Sports Drive Economic Development?

FY2024 NDAA: Department of Defense Acquisition Policy

The American Community Survey

FY2024 NDAA: Reproductive Health Care Provisions

Defense Primer: Commanding U.S. Military Operations

Law Enforcement on Tribal Lands

National Museums: In Brief

Federal Traffic Safety Programs: In Brief

Farm Bill Primer: Forestry Title

FY2024 NDAA: Defense Industrial Base Policy

Points of Order in the Congressional Budget Process

Department of the Interior Law Enforcement Programs

The September 11th Victim Compensation Fund (VCF)

Private Bills: Procedure in the House

Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA): An Overview

FY2024 NDAA: TRICARE for Reservists

FY2024 NDAA: Status of Legislative Activity

Section 230: An Overview

Arms Sales: Congressional Review Process

FY2024 NDAA: Military Spouse Employment Matters

FY2024 NDAA: Military Child Care Programs

FY2024 NDAA: Summary of Funding Authorizations

Asia Elections in 2024

The Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP): Background and Funding

Animal Use in Federal Biomedical Research: A Policy Overview

National Park Service Affiliated Areas: An Overview

The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA): An Introduction

National Park Service: Government Shutdown Issues

Local Fiscal Effects of Disasters

Russia’s War Against Ukraine: Overview of U.S. Assistance and Sanctions

Low Unemployment in 2023: Can It Last?

Department of Defense Contract Pricing

The Presidential Records Act: An Overview

Access to Government Information: An Overview

School Meals and Other Child Nutrition Programs: Background and Funding

The Retirement Savings Contribution Credit and the Saver’s Match

Impeachment Investigations, Part II: Access

Return of Nominations to the President Under Senate Rule XXXI

Farm Bill Primer: Horticulture Title and Related Provisions

CRS Seminars on Disruptive Technologies: Videos

Coup-Related Restrictions in U.S. Foreign Aid Appropriations

Federal Employees’ Retirement System: Summary of Recent Trends

Nuclear Negotiations with North Korea

The Public Housing Program

Montana’s TikTok Ban, an Injunction, and Pending Legal Actions

Iran and Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)

COP28 and Global Health

Congressional Control over the Supreme Court

Impeachment and the Constitution

Belarus: An Overview

USDA’s Organic Livestock and Poultry Standards Regulations

Federal Tax Lien Enforcement

India: Climate Change Issues

Atmospheric Rivers: Background and Forecasting

The United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee: A Primer

Terrorist and Other Militant Groups in Pakistan

Honduras: Background and U.S. Relations

Siting Challenges for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Pipelines

Federal Election Commission Administrative Fine Program

House of Representatives Staff Levels, 1977-2023

Farm Bill Primer: USDA Support for Aquaculture Operations

Generalized System of Preferences (GSP): Overview and Issues for Congress

Building Codes, Standards, and Regulations: Frequently Asked Questions

The U.S. Census Bureau: An Overview

Financial Disclosure and the Supreme Court

Farm Bill Primer: Support for Native Agricultural Producers

Antitrust Reform and Big Tech Firms

Medicaid Disproportionate Share Hospital Payments

The Supreme Court Adopts a Code of Conduct

Parliamentary Reference Sources: Senate

Hydrogen Hubs and Demonstrating the Hydrogen Energy Value Chain

Human Trafficking and U.S. Foreign Policy: An Introduction

Bank Exposure to Commercial Real Estate

National Park System: What Do the Different Park Titles Signify?

Medicare and Budget Sequestration

The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC): How It Works and Who Receives It

Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Benefit

FBI Headquarters Site Selection Process

Statutory Inspectors General in the Federal Government: A Primer

Federally Funded Construction and the Payment of Locally Prevailing Wages

5G Fund for Rural America: Current Status and Issues

HSA@20 Episode Companion: Emergency Management Post-PKEMRA

Nigeria: Overview and U.S. Policy

Debt Limit Legislation: The House “Gephardt Rule”

The FRA’s Discretionary Spending Caps Under a CR: FAQs

Armed Drones: Evolution as a Counterterrorism Tool

U.S. Assistance for Sub-Saharan Africa: An Overview

Trends in Mandatory Spending

Lead Service Lines (LSLs) Replacement: Funding Developments

Speakers of the House: Elections, 1913-2023

Distribution of IRS Audits by Income and Race

The Factors Influencing the High Cost of Insurance for Consumers

U.S. Postal Service Fleet Modernization

Indigenous Peoples in Latin America: Statistical Information

India: Human Rights Assessments

Worker Rights Provisions in Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)

Kinship Care

North Korea Reopens (Selectively)

Defense Health Primer: U.S. Coast Guard Health Services

China Primer: U.S.-China Relations

Nepal

State Health Insurance Assistance Program (SHIP)

Guatemala: 2023 Elections and U.S. Interests

Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA): Meeting Requirements

Hindu Holidays: Fact Sheet

Church Tax Benefits

War Crimes in Ukraine

China Primer: Hong Kong

Child Soldiers Prevention Act: Security Assistance Restrictions

Overview of Assisted Living Facilities

Defense Primer: National Security Space Launch

Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act: Overview and Issues

Medicaid’s Institution for Mental Diseases (IMD) Exclusion

Security Clearance Process: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions

Mongolia

The Coastal Barrier Resources Act (CBRA)

Commonly Used Motions and Requests in the House of Representatives

Saudi Arabia: Background and U.S. Relations

Overview of Long-Term Services and Supports

Questions of Privilege in the House

Military Housing

Generative Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Law

The Cancer Moonshot: Overview and Issues

Federal Workforce Statistics Sources: OPM and OMB

Restricting TikTok (Part I): Legal History and Background

Semiconductors and the CHIPS Act: The Global Context

Taiwan: The Origins of the U.S. One-China Policy

Burkina Faso: Conflict and Military Rule

Areas of Economic Distress for EDA Activities and Programs

Armed Forces Compensation During a Lapse in Appropriations

FY2024 NDAA: Security Cooperation

Private Funding for Election Administration

China Primer: The People’s Liberation Army (PLA)

The Strategic National Stockpile: Overview and Issues for Congress

Paid Family and Medical Leave in the United States

Climate Change and Extreme Heat

Major Functions of the U.S. Department of Labor

The Pillar 2 Global Minimum Tax: Implications for U.S. Tax Policy

Economic Effects of Government Shutdowns

China Primer: Uyghurs

U.S. Retirement Assets: Data in Brief

The Legality of DACA: Recent Litigation Developments

What Is the Child Care Funding Cliff?

Who Pays for Long-Term Services and Supports?

Cell-Cultivated Meat: An Overview

ESEA Title I-A Formulas: A Primer

Military Suicide Prevention and Response

Environmental Reviews and the 118th Congress

International Financial Institutions: FY2024 Budget Request

Semiconductors and Artificial Intelligence

National Hispanic Heritage Month: Fact Sheet

Liberia

Policy Issues Involving Food Loss and Waste

The Debt Limit

Uniform Date Labeling of Food May Address Food Waste

EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program

Russia’s War in Ukraine: Military and Intelligence Aspects

China-Russia Relations

Climate and Security in the Middle East and North Africa

Multilateral Development Banks: Overview and Issues for Congress

U.S.-South Korea Alliance: Issues for Congress

Cambodia: Background and U.S. Relations

Economic Development and Recovery in Maui

Federal Funding Gaps: A Brief Overview

The Kingdom of Bhutan

Jewish Holidays: Fact Sheet

The CFATS Sunset and Its Implications for Chemical Security

Turkey (Türkiye): Possible U.S. F-16 Sale

Turkey (Türkiye): Possible U.S. Sale of F-16 Aircraft

Farm and Food Support Under USDA’s Section 32 Account

The Legal Framework for Federal Methane Regulation

Federal Student Loans: Return to Repayment

Environmental Provisions in Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)

Shelter and Services Program (SSP) FY2023 Funding

Labor Day Speech Resources: Fact Sheet

Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program

Kenya

Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2023 State of Play

FY2024 NDAA: TRICARE Coverage of Gender-Affirming Care

Medication Abortion: New Litigation May Affect Access

The Section 45Q Tax Credit for Carbon Sequestration

Circumvention Inquiry into Solar Imports

Côte d’Ivoire

Statues and Busts in the U.S. Capitol: Collections and Authorities

Project AWARE

The U.S. “Housing Recession”

Meme Stock MMTLP and FINRA Trading Halt

China Primer: South China Sea Disputes

Brunei Darussalam

The Individual Income Tax, 2023

U.S.-UK Trade Relations

Fire Management Assistance Grants: Frequently Asked Questions

August 2023 Wildfires in Hawaii

Clinical Fentanyl Testing

How to Develop and Write a Grant Proposal

Procedures for Declassifying Intelligence of Public Interest

2023 Hurricane Outlooks and 2022 Hurricane Season Review

DHS’s Cybersecurity Mission—An Overview

Medicare Secondary Payer: Coordination of Benefits

The Bahamas: An Overview

Short Selling: Background and Policy Issues

SBA Disaster Loan Program: Frequently Asked Questions

Family Office Regulation in Light of the Archegos Fallout

Venezuela: Political Crisis and U.S. Policy

USDA’s SECURE Rule to Regulate Agricultural Biotechnology

Syria Conflict Overview: 2011-2021

Regulating Drinking Water Contaminants: EPA PFAS Actions

Senate Staff Levels, 1977-2022

Xylazine: Considerations for Federal Control

Russia’s Wagner Private Military Company (PMC)

The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS): An Overview

Trinidad and Tobago

Russia’s War Against Ukraine: Related CRS Products

Experimental Populations Under the Endangered Species Act

The Congressional Budget Process Timeline

Somalia

Legislative Changes to the EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program

The U.S. Capitol Police: Brief Background

Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress

Federal Reserve Launches FedNow

The Arms Trade Treaty

Sub-Saharan Africa: Overview and U.S. Engagement

Energy Tax Credits and the Global Minimum Tax

State Department Country Reports on Terrorism: 2001–2021

Long-Term Care Insurance: Overview

NATO’s 2023 Vilnius Summit

Mandatory Minimum Sentencing: Federal Aggravated Identity Theft

Changes to IRS Funding in the Debt Limit Deal

Strategic Competition in the Arctic

Offshore Energy Agency Appropriations, FY2023

Holds on Nominations

International Law and Agreements: Their Effect upon U.S. Law

The U.S. Housing Underbuilding Gap

The Payments in Lieu of Taxes (PILT) Program: An Overview

Wildfire Smoke and Air Quality

TikTok: Technology Overview and Issues

Equal Protection: Strict Scrutiny of Racial Classifications

Status of Efforts to Restore Chesapeake Bay Water Quality

Forest Service Assistance Programs

Wagner Group Mutiny in Russia

Introduction to Veterans Health Care

Uganda

National Park Service: FY2023 Appropriations

Firearms and Ammunition Excise Tax (FAET)

China’s Engagement with Latin America and the Caribbean

Medicaid Financing for the Territories

Office of Management and Budget (OMB): An Overview

Oil Spills: Background and Governance

Payments in Lieu of Taxes (PILT): Section 6902 Payments

I-95 Overpass Collapse in Philadelphia and the Federal Response

CPTPP: Overview and Issues for Congress

HSA@20 Episode Companion: Federalism

Interstate Compacts: An Overview

National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities: FY2023 Appropriations

Children’s Hospitals Graduate Medical Education (CHGME)

The Mar-a-Lago Indictment: A Legal Introduction

U.S.-EU Trade and Economic Relations

Title X Family Planning Program

Graduation: Fact Sheet

Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2023

FEMA Assistance: Limited English Proficiency and Equity

U.S. Forest Carbon Data: In Brief

The European Union and China

The U.S. Census Bureau

U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC)

Debating the Public Debt Clause

Wildfire Statistics

North Korea: Legislative Basis for U.S. Economic Sanctions

A Brief Overview of FEMA’s Public Assistance Program

Guide to Committee Activity Reports: Purpose, Rules, and Contents

Workforce and Labor Policy: Resources for Congressional Offices

Introduction to Tort Law

Medical Product Regulation: Drugs, Biologics, and Devices

The Oregon and California Railroad Lands (O&C Lands): In Brief

U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982

Stop the Presses? Newspapers in the Digital Age

Fusion Energy

Lebanon: Background and U.S. Relations

Federal Land Designations: A Brief Guide

Federal Preemption: A Legal Primer

Potential Stafford Act Assistance for Migration Activity

Chevron Deference: A Primer

The Appropriations Process: A Brief Overview

Mexico: Background and U.S. Relations

U.S.-Japan Critical Minerals Agreement

Continuing Resolutions: Overview of Components and Practices

Authorizations and the Appropriations Process

Asylum Process in Immigration Courts and Selected Trends

Memorial Day Speech Resources: Fact Sheet

Social Security’s Funding Shortfall

Remittances: Background and Issues for the 118th Congress

Selecting the World Bank President

Social Security Trust Fund Investment Practices

House Rule XXI, Clause 10: The CUTGO Rule

Elections Grant Programs: Authorizations and Appropriations

Elections Grant Programs: Policy Options

Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank

Structure of Federal Debt and Extraordinary Measures

Debt Limit Policy Questions: What Are Extraordinary Measures?

Confucius Institutes in the United States: Selected Issues

Organization of American States: In Brief

Federal Involvement in Ocean-Based Research and Development

Dominican Republic

An Introduction to the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit

Locate an Agency or Program Within Appropriations Bills

Military Medical Malpractice and the Feres Doctrine

Ocean Acidification: Frequently Asked Questions

The U.S. DOT Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Program

U.S. International Climate Finance: A Primer

U.S. International Climate Finance: FY2024

Medicaid Primer

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: FY2023 Appropriations

The Fundamentals of Unemployment Compensation

Private Health Insurance: A Primer

National Heritage Areas: Background and Issues for Congress

Uruguay: An Overview

Deep Fakes and National Security

Department of Defense Counter-Unmanned Aircraft Systems

The Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA): A Legal Overview

Defense Primer: U.S. Defense Industrial Base

Medications for Opioid Use Disorder

Overview of the Federal Procurement Process and Resources

Dam Safety Overview and the Federal Role

World Trade Organization Fisheries Subsidies Negotiations

Casework in a Congressional Office

Muslim Holidays: Fact Sheet

House Committee Party Ratios: 98th-118th Congresses

Senate Committee Party Ratios: 98th-118th Congresses

HSA@20 Episode Companion: Cybersecurity

Internal Revenue Service Appropriations, FY2023

The Higher Education Act (HEA): A Primer

Climate Change and Adaptation: Department of Defense

Grants Work in a Congressional Office

Resources for Grantseekers

Tornadoes: Background and Forecasting

The Self-Employment Assistance (SEA) Program

HSA@20 Episode Companion: Oversight

U.S.-India Trade Relations

Compensation for COVID-19 Vaccine Injuries

The Railway Labor Act and Congressional Action

Defense Primer: The National Technology and Industrial Base

Defense Primer: Lowest Price Technically Acceptable Contracts

Introducing a Senate Bill or Resolution

Sponsorship and Cosponsorship of Senate Bills

Federal Procurement: Emergency-Related Acquisition Flexibilities

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

FY2023 District of Columbia Budget and Appropriations

FEMA Funeral Assistance for COVID-19

HSA@20 Episode Companion: Personnel

The Proposed Rosemont Copper Mine

Bank Failures and the FDIC

Labor Enforcement Issues in U.S. FTAs

Challenges with Identifying Minors Online

Federal Land Ownership: Acquisition and Disposal Authorities

State Laws Restricting or Prohibiting Abortion

Common Causes of Economic Recession

FY2023 NDAA: Military Abortion Policies

The Department of Homeland Security: A Primer

Extraterritorial Application of American Criminal Law

Congressional Member Organizations (CMOs) and Informal Member Groups

Department of Veterans Affairs: Abortion Policy

Voting and Quorum Procedures in the House of Representatives

EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program

Energy and Water Development: FY2023 Appropriations

Use of National Statuary Hall: Assignment and Historic Events

Overview of Health Insurance Exchanges

Army Corps of Engineers: Continuing Authorities Programs

Defense Primer: The United States Space Force

Afghanistan Central Bank Reserves

Legislative Branch: FY2023 Appropriations

Banking, Data Privacy, and Cybersecurity Regulation

Statutory Interpretation: Theories, Tools, and Trends

Fifth Circuit: CFPB’s Funding Authority is Unconstitutional

Federal Requirements on Private Health Insurance Plans

Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA): A Legal Overview

CRS Series: Introduction to Financial Services—118th Congress

The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA): An Overview

Multifamily Housing Finance and Selected Policy Issues

Starting a Federal Regional Commission or Authority

The World Bank’s Doing Business Report

Duplicate Congressional Gold Medals: Frequently Asked Questions

Oil and Chemical Spills: Federal Emergency Response Framework

Sovereign Debt Concerns in Developing Countries

Poland: Background and U.S. Relations

FY2023 NDAA: Cyber Personnel Policies

Dynamic Scoring in the Congressional Budget Process

Ejiao and the Donkey Hide Trade

Bureau of Land Management: FY2023 Appropriations

Supplemental Appropriations: SBA Disaster Loan Account

U.S. Foreign Aid to Israel

SBA Disaster Loan Interest Rates: Overview and Policy Options

Stafford Act Assistance and Acts of Terrorism

Offshore Wind Energy Development: Legal Framework

Employer Tax Credit for Paid Family and Medical Leave

The 10-20-30 Provision: Defining Persistent Poverty Counties

Monitoring the Sovereign Skies

Prior Converted Cropland Under the Clean Water Act

Hate Crimes: Key Federal Statutes

The U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC): An Overview

Regulating Federal Law Enforcement: Considerations for Congress

Caribbean Trade Preference Programs

Russia’s War on Ukraine: Financial and Trade Sanctions

Seasonal Fruit and Vegetable Competition in U.S.-Mexico Trade

Sponsorship and Cosponsorship of House Bills

Advanced Nuclear Reactors: Technology Overview and Current Issues

Venezuela: Issues for the 118th Congress

Defense Health Primer: Selected Contraceptive Services

Sea Mining: Frequently Asked Questions

Noncitizen Eligibility for Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

Presidential Election in Nigeria

Cryptocurrency: Selected Policy Issues

The 1% Excise Tax on Stock Repurchases (Buybacks)

Bureau of Reclamation: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations

Congress and Law Enforcement Reform: Constitutional Authority

EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund

International Discussions Concerning Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems

Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Air Pollution, and Climate Change

Al Shabaab

Design of United States Paper Currency

Debate, Motions, and Other Actions in the Committee of the Whole

Opioid Block Grants

Forest Service: FY2023 Appropriations

The IRS’s General Welfare Exclusion

Title IX and Athletics: Legal Basics

The Animal Welfare Act: Background and Selected Issues

The Committee Markup Process in the House of Representatives

Medicaid: An Overview

An Overview of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC)

Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC): A Primer

Electric Grid Physical Security: Recent Developments

Congress and Police Reform: Current Law

Birthdays of Abraham Lincoln and George Washington: Fact Sheet

Will Inflation Continue to Fall?

Crypto and Banking: Policy Issues

The National Trails System: A Brief Overview

Congressional Commissions: Overview and Considerations for Congress

Defense Primer: Department of Defense Civilian Employees

Accredited Investor Definition and Private Securities Markets

Supermajority Votes in the House

House Voting Procedures: Forms and Requirements

Commemorative Commissions: Overview, Structure, and Funding

The Protection of Classified Information: The Legal Framework

HUD Section 108 Loan Guarantee Program: An Overview

Federalism-Based Limitations on Congressional Power: An Overview

Electric Utility Disconnections

Immigration-Related Criminal Offenses

Discharge Procedure in the House

How Consumer Data Affects Competition Through Digital Advertising

Small Business Tax Benefits: Current Law

The SEC’s Proxy Advisory Firm Disclosure Reforms

Consumption Taxes: An Overview

USDA Nutrition Assistance Programs: Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Emergency Assistance for Agricultural Land Rehabilitation

Foreign Ownership and Holdings of U.S. Agricultural Land

The FTC’s Proposed Non-Compete Rule

Noncitizen Eligibility for Federal Housing Programs

Consideration of Privileged Nominations in the Senate

Defense Primer: The Berry and Kissell Amendments

U.S. Refugee Admissions Program

Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices

Buying American: The Berry and Kissell Amendments

Electronic Records Management and U.S. Secret Service

The 15% Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax

Temporary Judgeships: Frequently Asked Questions

U.S. Air Force Pilot Training Transformation (PTT)

FY2023 NDAA: Military Child Care Programs

Russia’s Trade and Investment Role in the Global Economy

Martin Luther King, Jr. Day Speech Resources: Fact Sheet

Tajikistan

USMCA: Labor Provisions

Turkmenistan

FY2023 NDAA: Selective Service and Draft Registration

An Introduction to Oversight of Offices of Inspector General

FY2023 NDAA: TRICARE for Reservists

Kazakhstan

The FTC’s Competition Rulemaking Authority

Recent Trends in Wages and Productivity

Crime and Forfeiture

Pandemic Relief: The Emergency Rental Assistance Program

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Supplemental Appropriations

Crime and Forfeiture: In Short

A Brief Overview of the Congressional Budget Process

Uzbekistan

Introduction to the Federal Budget Process

U.S. Government Procurement and International Trade

The Holman Rule (House Rule XXI, Clause 2(b))

Comparing DHS Component Funding, FY2023: In Brief

What Is “Political Warfare”?

Defense Primer: The Military Departments

Private Flood Insurance and the National Flood Insurance Program

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS): Supplemental Appropriations

U.S. Dollar Coins: History and Current Status

Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress

Solar Energy: Frequently Asked Questions

Elections and Voting: Policy and Legal Issues for the 118th Congress

Introduction to Financial Services: The Housing Finance System

Foreign Government Employment by Armed Services Retirees

Introduction to Financial Services: Systemic Risk

Quarter and Half Dollar Coins: History and Current Status

Ukraine and International Financial Institutions

U.S. Global Health Funding: FY2020-FY2023 Appropriations

Congressional Involvement in the Design of Circulating Coins

FDA Regulation of Medical Devices

Defense Primer: Defense Support of Civil Authorities

Introduction to U.S. Economy: Productivity

FCC Spectrum Auction Authority: Background and Proposals for Extension

FY2023 NDAA: Summary of Funding Authorizations

The Good Neighbor Authority on Federal Lands

Introduction to U.S. Economy: Personal Income

Introduction to U.S. Economy: Fiscal Policy

FY2023 NDAA: Status of Legislative Activity

The OPEN Government Data Act: A Primer

Latin America and the Caribbean: U.S. Policy Overview

Cuba: U.S. Policy in the 117th Congress

United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)

Poverty in the United States in 2021

The Debt Limit Since 2011

Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations

Congressional Oversight Manual

Recent Funding Increases for FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance

Benefit Reductions to Participants in Delphi Pension Plans

Higher Education Tax Benefits: Brief Overview and Budgetary Effects

What Is Aggravated Identity Theft?

Indian Energy Programs at the Department of Energy

Deficits, Debt, and the Economy: An Introduction

Penny: History and Current Status

Tax Treatment of Research Expenses: Current Law and Policy Issues

Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act of 2022 (H.R. 7309)

United States Central Command

U.S.-China Phase One Trade Deal

The Great American Outdoors Act (P.L. 116-152)

Cuba: U.S. Restrictions on Travel and Remittances

Budget Process Reform: In Brief

Policing Drug Trafficking on Social Media

Protests in Iran: Issues for Congress

The Legislative Process on the House Floor: An Introduction

Voting Rights Act: Brief Policy Overview

Australia: Climate Change Issues

Membership of the 117th Congress: A Profile

USDA’s ReConnect Program: Expanding Rural Broadband

How Measures Are Brought to the House Floor: A Brief Introduction

The Economic Impact of Russia Sanctions

Violent Crime Trends, 1990-2021

Christian Holidays: Fact Sheet

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Budget: Fact Sheet

Federal Agency Rule Expands Asylum Officers’ Authority

Mauna Loa Eruption

Federal Reserve: Master Accounts and the Payment System

Debt and Deficits: Spending, Revenue, and Economic Growth

FDA Regulation of Laboratory-Developed Tests (LDTs)

China and the World: Issues for Congress

Latin America and the Caribbean: Impact of COVID-19

Poverty Among the Population Aged 65 and Older

Venezuela: Background and U.S. Relations

2022 Nuclear Posture Review

Recent Developments in Marijuana Law

A Snapshot of Federal Student Loan Debt

The American Innovation and Choice Online Act

The Opioid Crisis in the United States: A Brief History

Patent-Eligible Subject Matter Reform: Background and Issues for Congress

Commercial Filming and Photography on Federal Lands

Legislation to Avert Railroad Strike Advances

National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System (NASAMS)

What Happened at FTX and What Does It Mean for Crypto?

Humanitarian and Refugee Crisis in Ukraine

Agricultural Research: Background and Issues

Political Reforms in Kazakhstan

Global Pandemics: Gain-of-Function Research of Concern

Brazil’s October 2022 Presidential Election

Introduction to Electricity Transmission

Management of Sleep and Fatigue in Military Aviation

Social Security: Benefit Calculation

Electric Power Transformers: Supply Issues

Housing Issues in the 117th Congress

Defense Primer: Exceptional Family Member Program (EFMP)

Defense Primer: What Is Command and Control?

Defense Primer: United States Airpower

Defense Primer: The United States Air Force

Defense Primer: Military Use of the Electromagnetic Spectrum

Defense Primer: Electronic Warfare

Federal Role in Preventing Evictions

U.S.-Turkey Trade Relations

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)

National Security Review Bodies: Legal Context and Comparison

Federal Scientific Integrity Policies: A Primer

Armed Conflict in Syria: Overview and U.S. Response

Social Security: Benefit Calculation Overview

Block Grants: Perspectives and Controversies

Budget Reconciliation Measures Enacted into Law Since 1980

The Major Questions Doctrine

Pakistan’s 2022 Floods and Implications for U.S. Interests

The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations

New Markets Tax Credit: An Introduction

Timber Harvesting on Federal Lands

COVID-19 Vaccination: Selected U.S. Data Sources

Small Business Research Programs: SBIR and STTR

Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 117th Congress

IRS-Related Funding in the Inflation Reduction Act

The National Security Council: Background and Issues for Congress

Immigration: Public Charge 2022 Final Rule

FY2023 NDAA: Military Housing

Net Neutrality Law: An Overview

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Annual Appropriations Process

LGBTQ Pride Month: Fact Sheet

Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)

Laos

Women in Congress: Statistics and Brief Overview

Data Protection and Privacy Law: An Introduction

Wilderness: Issues and Legislation

Bankruptcy Basics: A Primer

Congressional Staff: CRS Products

Air Force F-15EX Eagle II Fighter Program

The Schedule I Status of Marijuana

Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks in U.S. Agriculture

Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) in the United States

Medication Abortion: A Changing Legal Landscape

Manufacturing USA: Advanced Manufacturing Institutes and Network

Firearm Background Checks Under H.R. 8 and H.R. 1446

FY2023 NDAA: Organic Industrial Base

An Analysis of the Tax Treatment of Capital Losses

Hurricane Ian Recovery: Brief Overview of FEMA Programs and Resources

Costa Rica: An Overview

Farmer Mac and Its Board Members

Medicare Graduate Medical Education Payments: An Overview

Social Security: What Would Happen If the Trust Funds Ran Out?

The Budget Reconciliation Process: The Senate’s “Byrd Rule”

The Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA): An Overview

Forest Service: FY2022 Appropriations

Is Possession of Cash Evidence of a Crime?

Iran’s Nuclear Program and U.N. Sanctions Reimposition

The Army’s Regionally Aligned Readiness and Modernization Model

Free Speech Challenges to Florida and Texas Social Media Laws

Farm Bill Primer: Farm Safety Net Programs

Public Banks: History and Recent Proposals

Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA)

Federal Financial and Budgetary Reporting: A Primer

The Bioeconomy: A Primer

Phone Service at the Internal Revenue Service During the 2022 Filing Season

The USDA Healthy Food Financing Initiative

The U.S. Dollar as the World’s Dominant Reserve Currency

North Korea: September 2022 Update

Navigating the Appropriations Status Table

Medicaid Coverage of Long-Term Services and Supports

The Philippines: Background and U.S. Relations

Global Research and Development Expenditures: Fact Sheet

Clean Air Act: A Summary of the Act and Its Major Requirements

Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2022 Appropriations

U.S. Research and Development Funding and Performance: Fact Sheet

State and Local Law Enforcement Officer Staffing

Prescription Drug Discount Coupons and Patient Assistance Programs (PAPs)

Trends in Active-Duty Military Deaths From 2006 Through 2021

China Primer: Human Rights

The Insurrection Bar to Office: Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment

Are Temporary Protected Status Recipients Eligible to Adjust Status?

The Law of Immigration Detention: A Brief Introduction

Overview of the American Data Privacy and Protection Act, H.R. 8152

Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve

Inflation Reduction Act Methane Emissions Charge: In Brief

Clean Water Act Section 401: Overview and Recent Developments

Farm Bill Primer: Support for Cotton

The Davis-Bacon Act: 2022 Proposed Rule

SBA Restaurant Revitalization Fund Grants

Biden Administration’s Cuba Policy Changes

Forecasting Tropical Cyclones: NOAA’s Role

Tax Provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (H.R. 5376)

2022 Hurricane Outlooks and 2021 Hurricane Season Review

Federal Payroll Tax Administration

Presidential Records Management: Preservation and Disposal

The Corporate Minimum Tax Proposal

Health Savings Accounts (HSAs)

What Is the Blue Economy?

Taxation of Carried Interest

The FAFSA Simplification Act

Is the U.S. Economy in a Recession?

Job Corps: A Primer

Djibouti

Railroad Retirement Board: Trust Fund Investment Practices

Wilderness: Overview, Management, and Statistics

Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business Procurement Program

Big Tech in Financial Services

Small Business Administration HUBZone Program