Major Disaster Assistance from the DRF: North Dakota
link to page 1 
Updated March 6, 2017
Major Disaster Assistance from the DRF: North Dakota
Overview
Local Impacts
The Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is managed by the Federal
From FY2000 to FY2015, 53 county governments and six
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and is the
tribal governments in North Dakota received aid under
primary source of federal assistance following a major
major disaster declarations. Benson County and McHenry
disaster declaration. The authority to declare a major
County received aid for the highest number of declarations
disaster is provided to the President under the Robert T.
during this period, with 13 each.
Stafford Emergency Relief and Disaster Assistance Act
(P.L. 93-288).
Figure 1. DRF Actual and Projected Obligations for
Declared Major Disasters in North Dakota, by Fiscal
The information below includes only DRF funding
Year
provided to North Dakota as a result of assistance
Figures are in millions of dol ars, truncated. The number of
associated with a major disaster declaration. This
declarations per year is in parentheses.
information does not include other assistance provided
through the DRF or disaster assistance provided by other
federal sources, such as Small Business Administration
disaster loans.
FEMA administers disaster relief through regional offices
around the country. North Dakota is part of Region VIII,
headquartered in Denver, CO.
Major Disaster Declarations: FY2000-
FY2015
A total of 23 major disaster declarations were made in the
state of North Dakota between FY2000 and FY2015.
During that time, there was also one request for a major
disaster declaration that was denied. The approved
declarations led to $1.17 billion in actual and projected
federal obligations from the DRF. Actual and projected
obligations are used throughout this In Focus to account for
the total amount of federal assistance ultimately obligated.
This funding does not include the assistance that was
provided directly by the state, either as a cost-share for
federal assistance or through the state’s own authorities and
programs.
There was a high level of variation in the amount of actual
and projected funding obligated for major disasters each
year, with more than $642 million in actual and projected
Source: CRS analysis of FEMA DRF obligations data as of December
obligations for disasters in FY2011 alone. Figure 1
2015.
displays the actual and projected obligations to North
Notes: Actual and projected obligations are recorded in the fiscal
Dakota each fiscal year. The highest number of declarations
year in which the major disaster was declared. Only obligations from
in a single year was three, which occurred in FY2006,
the FEMA DRF are included. Please consult the “Additional
FY2007, and FY2010.
Resources” section for information on other federal assistance
Most Costly Declarations
programs.
The declaration associated with the largest actual and
Types of Assistance Provided for Major
projected obligations from the DRF to the state of North
Disasters
Dakota was for flooding in FY2011. This declaration
A major disaster declaration can authorize funding for
resulted in more than $636 million in actual and projected
different purposes, depending on the needs of the state.
obligations to North Dakota from the DRF.
These purposes include:
The next two most costly declarations were for severe
Public Assistance, which is used by tribal, state, or local
storms and flooding in FY2009 and severe storms and
governments, or certain private nonprofit organizations
flooding in FY2000.
to provide emergency protective services, conduct
https://crsreports.congress.gov
link to page 2
Major Disaster Assistance from the DRF: North Dakota
debris removal operations, and repair or replace
Assistance Grants. The funding associated with these types
damaged public infrastructure;
of assistance typically results in lower obligation levels than
assistance provided as a result of major disaster
Individual Assistance, which provides direct aid to
declarations, although there is significant variation across
impacted households;
incidents.
Hazard Mitigation Assistance, which funds mitigation
Emergency Declarations are often made at the time a
and resiliency projects and programs, typically across
threat is recognized in order to assist tribal, state, and
the entire state;
local efforts prior to an incident.
FEMA administrative costs associated with each disaster Fire Management Assistance Grants (FMAGs) provide
declaration; and
aid for the control, management, and mitigation of fires.
Mission Assignment, which tasks and reimburses other
FEMA Assistance Not Funded Through
federal entities that provide direct disaster assistance.
the DRF: National Flood Insurance
Program
The decision concerning which types of assistance to
Floods represent a majority of all major disaster
provide is made either when the major disaster is declared
declarations nationwide. One of the primary sources of
or when the declaration is amended. For many major
assistance for flooding events is the National Flood
disasters, all of the assistance types outlined above are
Insurance Program (NFIP), which is not funded through the
authorized. For others, some assistance types are not
DRF. For more information on the NFIP, please refer to
authorized. Figure 2 compares the actual and projected
CRS Report R44593, Introduction to FEMA’s National
obligations for different types of assistance provided to
Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).
North Dakota as a result of a major disaster declaration
from FY2000 to FY2015.
Additional Resources
Many existing CRS products address issues related to the
Figure 2. DRF Assistance for North Dakota, by Type
DRF, the disaster declaration process, and types of DRF
(FY2000-FY2015)
assistance. Below is a list of several of these resources:
CRS Report R41981, Congressional Primer on
Responding to Major Disasters and Emergencies
CRS Report R43519, Natural Disasters and Hazards:
CRS Experts
CRS Report R43784, FEMA’s Disaster Declaration
Process: A Primer
CRS Report R43537, FEMA’s Disaster Relief Fund:
Overview and Selected Issues
CRS Report R44619, FEMA Disaster Housing: The
Individuals and Households Program—Implementation
and Potential Issues for Congress
CRS Report R43990, FEMA’s Public Assistance Grant
Program: Background and Considerations for Congress
CRS Experts
FEMA Disaster Assistance:
Source: CRS analysis of FEMA DRF obligation data as of December
Bruce R. Lindsay
2015.
Jared T. Brown
Shawn Reese
Note: The specific assistance within each of the identified types may
have changed in the period FY2000 to FY2015.
National Flood Insurance Program:
Other FEMA Assistance Funded
Diane P. Horn
Through the DRF
In addition to the major disaster assistance described above,
Bruce R. Lindsay, Analyst in American National
there are other forms of assistance that are funded through
Government
the DRF. These include assistance associated with
IF10092
Emergency Declarations and with Fire Management
https://crsreports.congress.gov
Major Disaster Assistance from the DRF: North Dakota
Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to
congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress.
Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other than public understanding of information that has
been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the
United States Government, are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be
reproduced and distributed in its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include
copyrighted images or material from a third party, you may need to obtain the permission of the copyright holder if you
wish to copy or otherwise use copyrighted material.
https://crsreports.congress.gov | IF10092 · VERSION 5 · UPDATED
Updated March 6, 2017
Major Disaster Assistance from the DRF: North Dakota
Overview
Local Impacts
The Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is managed by the Federal
From FY2000 to FY2015, 53 county governments and six
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and is the
tribal governments in North Dakota received aid under
primary source of federal assistance following a major
major disaster declarations. Benson County and McHenry
disaster declaration. The authority to declare a major
County received aid for the highest number of declarations
disaster is provided to the President under the Robert T.
during this period, with 13 each.
Stafford Emergency Relief and Disaster Assistance Act
(P.L. 93-288).
Figure 1. DRF Actual and Projected Obligations for
Declared Major Disasters in North Dakota, by Fiscal
The information below includes only DRF funding
Year
provided to North Dakota as a result of assistance
Figures are in millions of dol ars, truncated. The number of
associated with a major disaster declaration. This
declarations per year is in parentheses.
information does not include other assistance provided
through the DRF or disaster assistance provided by other
federal sources, such as Small Business Administration
disaster loans.
FEMA administers disaster relief through regional offices
around the country. North Dakota is part of Region VIII,
headquartered in Denver, CO.
Major Disaster Declarations: FY2000-
FY2015
A total of 23 major disaster declarations were made in the
state of North Dakota between FY2000 and FY2015.
During that time, there was also one request for a major
disaster declaration that was denied. The approved
declarations led to $1.17 billion in actual and projected
federal obligations from the DRF. Actual and projected
obligations are used throughout this In Focus to account for
the total amount of federal assistance ultimately obligated.
This funding does not include the assistance that was
provided directly by the state, either as a cost-share for
federal assistance or through the state’s own authorities and
programs.
There was a high level of variation in the amount of actual
and projected funding obligated for major disasters each
year, with more than $642 million in actual and projected
Source: CRS analysis of FEMA DRF obligations data as of December
obligations for disasters in FY2011 alone. Figure 1
2015.
displays the actual and projected obligations to North
Notes: Actual and projected obligations are recorded in the fiscal
Dakota each fiscal year. The highest number of declarations
year in which the major disaster was declared. Only obligations from
in a single year was three, which occurred in FY2006,
the FEMA DRF are included. Please consult the “Additional
FY2007, and FY2010.
Resources” section for information on other federal assistance
Most Costly Declarations
programs.
The declaration associated with the largest actual and
Types of Assistance Provided for Major
projected obligations from the DRF to the state of North
Disasters
Dakota was for flooding in FY2011. This declaration
A major disaster declaration can authorize funding for
resulted in more than $636 million in actual and projected
different purposes, depending on the needs of the state.
obligations to North Dakota from the DRF.
These purposes include:
The next two most costly declarations were for severe
Public Assistance, which is used by tribal, state, or local
storms and flooding in FY2009 and severe storms and
governments, or certain private nonprofit organizations
flooding in FY2000.
to provide emergency protective services, conduct
https://crsreports.congress.gov
link to page 2
Major Disaster Assistance from the DRF: North Dakota
debris removal operations, and repair or replace
Assistance Grants. The funding associated with these types
damaged public infrastructure;
of assistance typically results in lower obligation levels than
assistance provided as a result of major disaster
Individual Assistance, which provides direct aid to
declarations, although there is significant variation across
impacted households;
incidents.
Hazard Mitigation Assistance, which funds mitigation
Emergency Declarations are often made at the time a
and resiliency projects and programs, typically across
threat is recognized in order to assist tribal, state, and
the entire state;
local efforts prior to an incident.
FEMA administrative costs associated with each disaster Fire Management Assistance Grants (FMAGs) provide
declaration; and
aid for the control, management, and mitigation of fires.
Mission Assignment, which tasks and reimburses other
FEMA Assistance Not Funded Through
federal entities that provide direct disaster assistance.
the DRF: National Flood Insurance
Program
The decision concerning which types of assistance to
Floods represent a majority of all major disaster
provide is made either when the major disaster is declared
declarations nationwide. One of the primary sources of
or when the declaration is amended. For many major
assistance for flooding events is the National Flood
disasters, all of the assistance types outlined above are
Insurance Program (NFIP), which is not funded through the
authorized. For others, some assistance types are not
DRF. For more information on the NFIP, please refer to
authorized. Figure 2 compares the actual and projected
CRS Report R44593, Introduction to FEMA’s National
obligations for different types of assistance provided to
Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).
North Dakota as a result of a major disaster declaration
from FY2000 to FY2015.
Additional Resources
Many existing CRS products address issues related to the
Figure 2. DRF Assistance for North Dakota, by Type
DRF, the disaster declaration process, and types of DRF
(FY2000-FY2015)
assistance. Below is a list of several of these resources:
CRS Report R41981, Congressional Primer on
Responding to Major Disasters and Emergencies
CRS Report R43519, Natural Disasters and Hazards:
CRS Experts
CRS Report R43784, FEMA’s Disaster Declaration
Process: A Primer
CRS Report R43537, FEMA’s Disaster Relief Fund:
Overview and Selected Issues
CRS Report R44619, FEMA Disaster Housing: The
Individuals and Households Program—Implementation
and Potential Issues for Congress
CRS Report R43990, FEMA’s Public Assistance Grant
Program: Background and Considerations for Congress
CRS Experts
FEMA Disaster Assistance:
Source: CRS analysis of FEMA DRF obligation data as of December
Bruce R. Lindsay
2015.
Jared T. Brown
Shawn Reese
Note: The specific assistance within each of the identified types may
have changed in the period FY2000 to FY2015.
National Flood Insurance Program:
Other FEMA Assistance Funded
Diane P. Horn
Through the DRF
In addition to the major disaster assistance described above,
Bruce R. Lindsay, Analyst in American National
there are other forms of assistance that are funded through
Government
the DRF. These include assistance associated with
IF10092
Emergency Declarations and with Fire Management
https://crsreports.congress.gov
Major Disaster Assistance from the DRF: North Dakota
Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to
congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress.
Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other than public understanding of information that has
been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the
United States Government, are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be
reproduced and distributed in its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include
copyrighted images or material from a third party, you may need to obtain the permission of the copyright holder if you
wish to copy or otherwise use copyrighted material.
https://crsreports.congress.gov | IF10092 · VERSION 5 · UPDATED