The House and Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations Subcommittees are charged with providing annual appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and related agencies. THUD programs receive both discretionary and mandatory budget authority; HUD’s budget generally accounts for the largest share of discretionary appropriations in the THUD bill, but when mandatory funding is taken into account, DOT’s budget is larger than HUD’s budget. Mandatory funding typically accounts for around half of the THUD appropriation.
The Obama Administration requested net budget authority of $134.5 billion (after scorekeeping adjustments) for FY2017, $20.6 billion (18%) over the FY2016 level. Most of this increase was for highway, transit, and passenger rail programs.
On May 19, 2016, the Senate approved $114.2 billion in net budget authority ($121.2 billion in new budget authority before scorekeeping adjustments), an increase of $244 million (less than 1%) over FY2016, for THUD for FY2017 as part of a substitute amendment to H.R. 2577 that incorporated both the Senate-reported THUD bill (S. 2844) and the Senate-reported Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies bill. On May 24, 2016, the House Committee on Appropriations ordered to be reported H.R. 5394, an FY2017 THUD bill recommending $115.9 billion in net budget authority ($120.8 billion in new budget authority before scorekeeping adjustments). Congress passed two continuing appropriations resolutions to fund THUD and other federal agencies in FY2017; the current funding bill runs through April 28, 2017. The House and Senate THUD bills expired with the end of the 114th Congress.
DOT: The Obama Administration requested a $96.9 billion budget for DOT for FY2017. That was about $22 billion more than FY2016, with significant increases requested for highway, transit, and rail programs. Both the Senate and House bills largely rejected the proposed increases and recommended $76.9 billion in new budget authority for DOT, $1.8 billion more than the comparable figure in FY2016. Both bills would increase funding for federal highway and transit programs and would fund new grant programs for intercity passenger rail.
HUD: The Obama Administration requested $39.6 billion in net new budget authority for HUD for FY2017, $1.3 billion more than FY2016. The Senate bill recommended $39.2 billion in net new budget authority, representing $1.5 billion more than FY2016 and $600 million more in savings from offsets. Most of the increase is to maintain current services in HUD’s primary rental assistance programs, the project-based Section 8 rental assistance program and Housing Choice Voucher program. The House committee bill also proposed increases relative to FY2016, but less than proposed by the Senate.
Related Agencies: The Obama Administration requested $350 million for the agencies in Title III (the Related Agencies). This was about $33 million less than the comparable figure for FY2016, as the request included funding for an agency that was not in the Related Agencies title in FY2016, the Surface Transportation Board. The major change in funding from FY2016 levels in the request was a cut of $35 million (20%) for the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (NRC). The Senate bill recommended $339 million, cutting another $5 million from the NRC; the House committee bill recommended $343 million, funding NRC at the requested level.
FY2017 funding is being provided through April 28, 2017, at roughly FY2016 levels through a continuing resolution. According to press reports, the Trump Administration has recommended cuts for FY2017 of $2.7 billion from FY2016 levels for THUD, including eliminating the Essential Air Services and TIGER grant programs and reducing funding for New Starts in DOT, and reducing funding for Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) in HUD.
The House and Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations Subcommittees are charged with providing annual appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and related agencies. THUD programs receive both discretionary and mandatory budget authority; HUD's budget generally accounts for the largest share of discretionary appropriations in the THUD bill, but when mandatory funding is taken into account, DOT's budget is larger than HUD's budget. Mandatory funding typically accounts for around half of the THUD appropriation.
The Obama Administration requested net budget authority of $134.5 billion (after scorekeeping adjustments) for FY2017, $20.6 billion (18%) over the FY2016 level. Most of this increase was for highway, transit, and passenger rail programs.
On May 19, 2016, the Senate approved $114.2 billion in net budget authority ($121.2 billion in new budget authority before scorekeeping adjustments), an increase of $244 million (less than 1%) over FY2016, for THUD for FY2017 as part of a substitute amendment to H.R. 2577 that incorporated both the Senate-reported THUD bill (S. 2844) and the Senate-reported Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies bill. On May 24, 2016, the House Committee on Appropriations ordered to be reported H.R. 5394, an FY2017 THUD bill recommending $115.9 billion in net budget authority ($120.8 billion in new budget authority before scorekeeping adjustments). Congress passed two continuing appropriations resolutions to fund THUD and other federal agencies in FY2017; the current funding bill runs through April 28, 2017. The House and Senate THUD bills expired with the end of the 114th Congress.
DOT: The Obama Administration requested a $96.9 billion budget for DOT for FY2017. That was about $22 billion more than FY2016, with significant increases requested for highway, transit, and rail programs. Both the Senate and House bills largely rejected the proposed increases and recommended $76.9 billion in new budget authority for DOT, $1.8 billion more than the comparable figure in FY2016. Both bills would increase funding for federal highway and transit programs and would fund new grant programs for intercity passenger rail.
HUD: The Obama Administration requested $39.6 billion in net new budget authority for HUD for FY2017, $1.3 billion more than FY2016. The Senate bill recommended $39.2 billion in net new budget authority, representing $1.5 billion more than FY2016 and $600 million more in savings from offsets. Most of the increase is to maintain current services in HUD's primary rental assistance programs, the project-based Section 8 rental assistance program and Housing Choice Voucher program. The House committee bill also proposed increases relative to FY2016, but less than proposed by the Senate.
Related Agencies: The Obama Administration requested $350 million for the agencies in Title III (the Related Agencies). This was about $33 million less than the comparable figure for FY2016, as the request included funding for an agency that was not in the Related Agencies title in FY2016, the Surface Transportation Board. The major change in funding from FY2016 levels in the request was a cut of $35 million (20%) for the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (NRC). The Senate bill recommended $339 million, cutting another $5 million from the NRC; the House committee bill recommended $343 million, funding NRC at the requested level.
FY2017 funding is being provided through April 28, 2017, at roughly FY2016 levels through a continuing resolution. According to press reports, the Trump Administration has recommended cuts for FY2017 of $2.7 billion from FY2016 levels for THUD, including eliminating the Essential Air Services and TIGER grant programs and reducing funding for New Starts in DOT, and reducing funding for Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) in HUD.
The Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations Subcommittees are charged with drafting bills to provide annual appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and six small related agencies.
Title I of the annual THUD appropriations bill funds DOT. The department is primarily a grant-making and regulatory organization. Its programs are organized roughly by mode of transportation, providing grants to state and local government agencies to support the construction of highways, transit, and intercity passenger rail infrastructure, while overseeing safety in the rail, public transportation, commercial trucking and intercity bus, and maritime industries. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is exceptional among DOT's large sub-agencies in that the largest portion of its budget is not for grants but for operating the U.S. air traffic control system. In support of that task, it employs over 80% of DOT's total workforce, roughly 46,000 of DOT's approximately 56,000 employees.
Title II of the annual THUD appropriations bill funds HUD. The department's programs are primarily designed to address housing problems faced by households with very low incomes or other special housing needs. These include several programs of rental assistance for persons who are poor, elderly, and/or have disabilities. Three rental assistance programs—Public Housing, Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers, and Section 8 project-based rental assistance—account for the majority of the department's funding. Two flexible block grant programs—the HOME Investment Partnership Program and Community Development Block Grants (CDBG)—help communities finance a variety of housing and community development activities designed to serve low-income families. Other, more specialized grant programs help communities meet the needs of homeless persons, including those with AIDS. HUD's Federal Housing Administration (FHA) insures mortgages made by lenders to home buyers with low down payments and to developers of multifamily rental buildings containing relatively affordable units.
Title III of the THUD appropriations bill funds a collection of agencies involved in transportation or housing and community development. They include the Access Board, the Federal Maritime Commission, the National Transportation Safety Board, the Amtrak Office of Inspector General (IG), the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (often referred to as NeighborWorks), the U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness, and the costs associated with the government conservatorship and regulation of the housing-related government-sponsored enterprises, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The Surface Transportation Board, formerly an agency of DOT, was made independent of DOT in 2015 legislation, and now appears in Title III of the THUD bill.
Most of the programs and activities in the THUD bill are funded through regular annual appropriations, also referred to as discretionary appropriations.1 This is the amount of new funding allocated each year by the appropriations committees. Appropriations are drawn from the general fund of the Treasury. For some accounts, the appropriations committees provide advance appropriations, or regular appropriations that are not available until the next fiscal year.
In some years, Congress will also provide emergency appropriations, usually in response to disasters. These funds are sometimes provided outside of the regular appropriations acts—often in emergency supplemental spending bills. Although emergency appropriations typically come from the general fund, they may not be included in the discretionary appropriation total reported for an agency.
Most of DOT's budget is in the form of contract authority. Contract authority is a form of mandatory budget authority based on federal trust fund resources, in contrast to discretionary budget authority, which is based on resources in the general fund. Contract authority controls spending from the Highway Trust Fund and the Airport and Airway Trust Fund. Total annual discretionary budget authority for THUD is typically around half of the total funding provided in the bill, with the remainder made up of DOT's mandatory contract authority.
Congressional appropriators are generally subject to limits on the amount of new nonemergency discretionary funding they can provide in a year. One way to stay within these limits is to appropriate no more than the allocated amount of discretionary funding in the regular annual appropriations act. Another way is to find ways to offset a higher level of discretionary funding. A portion of the cost of regular annual appropriations for the THUD bill is generally offset in two ways. The first is through rescissions, or cancellations of unobligated or recaptured balances from previous years' funding. The second is through offsetting receipts and collections, generally derived from fees collected by federal agencies.
Table 1 shows funding trends for DOT and HUD over the period FY2010-FY2016, omitting emergency funding and other supplemental funding. The purpose of Table 1 is to indicate trends in the funding for these agencies; thus emergency supplemental appropriations are not included in the figures.
Table 1. Funding Trends for Department of Transportation and Department of Housing and Urban Development, FY2010-FY2016
(in billions of current dollars)
|
Department |
FY2010 |
FY2011 |
FY2012 |
FY2013a |
FY2014 |
FY2015 |
FY2016 |
||||||||||||||
|
DOT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
|
HUD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source: U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Appropriations, Comparative Statement of Budget Authority tables from FY2010 through FY2017. Unless otherwise noted, amounts are reduced to reflect across-the-board rescissions.
a. FY2013 figures do not reflect $29 billion in emergency funding for recovery from Hurricane Sandy (P.L. 113-2) or reductions due to sequestration.
Table 2 provides a timeline of legislative action on the FY2017 THUD appropriations bill.
Table 2. Status of FY2017 Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations
|
Bill |
Subcommittee Markup |
House Report |
House Passage |
Senate Report |
Senate Passage |
Conf. Report |
Conference Approval |
Public Law |
||
|
House |
Senate |
House |
Senate |
|||||||
|
(114th) |
4/19/2016 (voice vote) |
4/21/2016 |
5/19/2016 (89-8) |
|||||||
|
(114th) |
5/18/2016 (voice vote) |
5/24/2016 |
|
|
||||||
Source: CRS Appropriations Status Table.
Note: By custom, appropriations bills originate in the House of Representatives. Since the House had not acted on FY2017 THUD appropriations as of May 12, the Senate added the text of Senate-reported S. 2844 to H.R. 2577 (which was originally the FY2016 THUD bill) as a substitute amendment. The new H.R. 2577 also contains the text of the Senate-reported FY2017 Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies bill.
The annual budget resolution provides a budgetary framework within which Congress considers legislation affecting spending and revenue. It sets forth spending and revenue levels, including spending allocations to House and Senate committees. These levels are enforceable by a point of order. After the House and the Senate Appropriations Committees receive their discretionary spending allocations from the budget resolution (referred to as 302(a) allocations), they divide their allocations among their 12 subcommittees (referred to as the 302(b) allocations). Each subcommittee is responsible for one of the 12 regular appropriations bills. While a budget resolution and subcommittee allocations alone cannot be used to determine how much funding any individual account or program will receive, they do set the parameters within which decisions about funding for individual accounts and programs can be made.
The House and the Senate have not yet adopted a budget resolution for FY2017.2 In its absence, the Senate Budget Committee chair filed budgetary levels in the Congressional Record that are enforceable in the Senate as if they had been included in a budget resolution for FY2017.3 Based on these levels, the Senate Appropriations Committee reported their initial 302(b) suballocations on April 18, 2016. They included $56.474 billion for the THUD subcommittee, which is approximately $1 billion less than the comparable FY2016 level ($57.301 billion). In the absence of a budget resolution in the House, the House Appropriations Committee adopted "interim 302(b) suballocations" for the appropriations bills as they were marked up in full committee.4 These interim suballocations are not procedurally enforceable. A suballocation for the THUD subcommittee of $58.190 billion was included in H.Rept. 114-606.
Table 3 shows the discretionary funding provided for THUD in FY2016, the Obama Administration request for FY2017, and the amount allocated by the House and Senate Appropriations Committees to the THUD subcommittees. Table 4 lists the total funding provided for each of the titles in the bill for FY2016 and the amount requested for that title for FY2017.
As discussed earlier, much of the funding for this bill is in the form of contract authority, a type of mandatory budget authority. Thus the discretionary funding provided in the bill is only about half of the total funding provided in this bill.
Table 3. THUD FY2016 Discretionary Funding Appropriation, FY2017 302(b) Allocations, and FY2017 Discretionary Appropriation
(in billions of dollars)
|
FY2016 Enacted |
FY2017 |
|||
|
Budget Request |
House 302(b) |
Senate 302(b) |
Enacted |
|
|
$57.601 |
$52.0 |
$58.190 |
$56.474 |
|
Source: Figures are taken from the budget table in H.Rept. 114-129; House 302(b) from H.Rept. 114-118; Senate 302(b) from S.Rept. 114-55; and the budget table in S.Rept. 114-243.
Note: FY2016 enacted and FY2017 request and enacted are net of advance appropriations, rescissions, offsetting collections, and other adjustments. The FY2017 budget request proposed shifting several billion dollars from discretionary to mandatory funding, which had the effect of reducing the amount of discretionary funding requested.
|
Continuing Resolution None of the FY2017 regular appropriations bills were enacted before the end of FY2016. Instead, Congress has approved two continuing resolutions to provide temporary funding. The first CR provided funding for most federal agencies through December 9, 2016 (P.L. 114-223); it also contained the Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act for all of FY2017. The second CR, which was enacted before expiration of the first, provides funding through April 28, 2017 (P.L. 114-254). Under the terms of the CRs, funding for most programs, projects, and activities—including those administered by HUD—is continued at FY2016 levels, less an across-the-board reduction of 0.496% in the first CR and 0.1901% in the second CR. Additionally, the two CRs also provided appropriations for disaster relief grants through HUD's Community Development Block Grant program: P.L. 114-223 appropriated $500 million for grants for areas that experienced presidentially declared disasters that occurred prior to the law's enactment (including flooding in Louisiana); P.L. 114-254 appropriated $1.8 billion for areas that experienced presidentially declared disasters that occurred prior to the law's enactment (including flooding in South Carolina). According to press reports,5 the Trump Administration has recommended cuts for FY2017 of $2.7 billion from FY2016 levels for THUD, including eliminating the Essential Air Services and TIGER grant programs and reducing funding for New Starts in DOT, and reducing funding for Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) in HUD. For more information about the two CRs, see CRS Report R44653, Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2017 (H.R. 5325), coordinated by James V. Saturno; and CRS Report R44723, Overview of Further Continuing Appropriations for FY2017 (H.R. 2028), coordinated by James V. Saturno. |
As shown in Table 4, the Obama Administration's FY2017 budget requested $134.5 billion for the programs in the THUD bill, $20.5 billion more than the $114.0 provided in FY2016. Most of the requested increase was for additional highway, transit, and rail funding; the request for DOT was $22 billion over FY2016. The request for HUD was $1.3 billion more than provided in FY2016. According to press reports, the Trump Administration has requested a reduction of $2.7 billion from FY2016 funding levels, zeroing out the Essential Air Services program and the TIGER (National Infrastructure Improvements) grant program and cutting funding for the New Starts program in DOT, and reducing funding for the Community Development Block Grants program in HUD.
Table 4. Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations, FY2016-FY2017
(in millions of dollars)
|
Title |
FY2016 Enacted |
FY2017 Request |
FY2017 House Committee |
FY2017 Senate |
FY2017 Enacted |
|||||
|
Title I: Transportation |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Title I Discretionary |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Title 1 Mandatory |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Title I Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Title II: Housing and Urban Development |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Title III: Related Agencies |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Title IV: General Provisions |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Net Total Discretionary |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total Mandatory |
|
|
|
|
|
Sources: Table prepared by CRS based on information in S.Rept. 114-243 and H.Rept. 114-606.
Note: Figures are net after rescissions, offsets, and other adjustments. Figures include advance appropriations provided in the bill, rather than advance appropriations that will become available in the fiscal year. The former are the amounts generally shown in committee press releases; the latter are the amounts against which the committee is generally "scored" for purposes of budget enforcement. Totals may not add up due to rounding and scorekeeping adjustments.
a. In FY2016 the Surface Transportation Board was funded under DOT in Title I at $31 million; starting in FY2017, the board is an independent agency funded under Title III.
The Senate-reported S. 2844 recommended $114.2 billion for THUD; after accounting for the differences in rescissions and offsetting receipts in FY2016, this represents an increase of less than 1% over FY2016 funding. This situation is explored further in the next section of this report and in Table 5. Currently, FY2017 funding is being provided through April 28, 2017, through a Continuing Appropriations Resolution (P.L. 114-254) at roughly the same level as in FY2016.
In the case of the THUD bill, net discretionary budget authority (which is the level of funding measured against the 302(b) allocation) is not the same as the amount of new discretionary budget authority made available to THUD agencies, due to budgetary savings available from rescissions and offsets. Each dollar available to the subcommittees in rescissions and offsets enables the subcommittee to provide funding that does not count against the 302(b) level. As shown in Table 5, in FY2016, due to rescissions and offsets, the THUD subcommittees were able to provide $8.7 billion in discretionary appropriations to THUD agencies above the net discretionary budget authority level.
|
Components of THUD Budget Authority |
FY2016 Enacted |
FY2017 Senate |
FY2017 House Comm. |
|
New discretionary budget authority |
|||
|
New discretionary appropriations |
$61,916 |
$63,519 |
$63,061 |
|
Advance Appropriation |
4,400 |
4,400 |
4,400 |
|
Gross new discretionary budget authority |
66,316 |
67,919 |
67,461 |
|
Minus Savings |
|||
|
Rescissions of prior-year funding and contract authority |
-61 |
-2,211 |
-36 |
|
Offsetting collections and receipts |
-8,655 |
-9,234 |
-9,235 |
|
Total Savings (subtracted from new budget authority) |
-8,716 |
-11,445 |
-9,736 |
|
Net Total Discretionary Budget Authority |
$57,601 |
$56,474 |
$57,725 |
Source: Table prepared by CRS based on Comparative Statement of New Budget (Obligational) Authority for Fiscal Year 2017, S.Rept. 114-243, and H.Rept. 114-606.
Note: The FY2016 act included $300 million in emergency funding, which is counted as discretionary funding.
The amount of these "budget savings" can vary from year to year, meaning that the "cost" in terms of 302(b) allocation of providing the appropriation may vary as well. With $2.15 billion more in rescissions and $579 million more in offsetting receipts and collections in FY2017 compared to FY2016, the Senate Committee on Appropriations was able to recommend $1.9 billion more discretionary funding for THUD for FY2017, even though the committee had given THUD a discretionary allocation that was $1.1 billion less than in FY2016.
Table 6 presents FY2017 appropriations totals and selected accounts for DOT, compared to FY2016 enacted levels. A brief summary of key highlights follows the table. For an expanded discussion, see CRS Report R44499, Department of Transportation (DOT): FY2017 Appropriations, by David Randall Peterman.
Table 6. Department of Transportation FY2016-FY2017 Selected Budget Details
(in millions of current dollars)
|
Department of Transportation Selected Account |
FY2016 Enacted |
FY2017 Request |
FY2017 House Comm. |
FY2017 Senate |
FY2017 Enacted |
|||||
|
Office of the Secretary (OST) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Payments to air carriers (Essential Air Service)a |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
National infrastructure investments (TIGER) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total, OST |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) |
||||||||||
|
Operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Facilities & equipment |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Research, engineering, & development |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Grants-in-aid for airports (Airport Improvement Program) (limitation on obligations) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total, FAA |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total, FHWA (Federal-aid highways: limitation on obligations + exempt contract authority) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Motor carrier safety operations and programs |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Motor carrier safety grants to states |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total, FMCSA |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Operations and research |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Highway traffic safety grants to states (limitation on obligations) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total, NHTSA |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Safety and operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Research and development |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Railroad safety grants |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Amtrak |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Amtrak operating grants |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Amtrak capital and debt service grants |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Current passenger rail service |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Northeast Corridor Grants |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
National Network |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total Amtrak grants |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Intercity Passenger Rail |
||||||||||
|
Rail Service Improvement Program |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Consolidated Rail infrastructure and safety improvements |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Federal-state partnership for State of Good Repair |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Restoration and enhancement grants |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total, FRA |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Federal Transit Administration (FTA) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Formula grants (M) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Capital investment grants (New Starts) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total, FTA |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Maritime Administration (MARAD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Assistance to small shipyards |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total, MARAD |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Subtotal |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Offsetting user fees |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Emergency preparedness grants (M) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total, PHMSA |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Office of Inspector General |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
DOT Totalsb |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Appropriation (discretionary funding) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Limitations on obligations (M) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
New funding before adjustments |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Rescissions of discretionary funding |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Rescissions of contract authority |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Net new discretionary funding |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Net new budget authority |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Sources: Table prepared by CRS based on information in S.Rept. 114-243 and H.Rept. 114-606.
Notes: "M" stands for mandatory budget authority. Line items may not add up to the subtotals due to omission of some accounts. Subtotals and totals may differ from those in the source documents due to treatment of rescissions, offsetting collections, and other adjustments. The figures in this table reflect new budget authority made available for the fiscal year. For budgetary calculation purposes, the source documents may subtract rescissions of prior-year funding or contract authority, or offsetting collections, in calculating subtotals and totals.
a. The Essential Air Service (EAS) program receives an additional amount of mandatory budget authority; for FY2017 that additional amount is $104 million, for a total of $254 million.
b. The FY2016 totals include $31 million for the Surface Transportation Board, which was made an independent agency beginning in FY2017; its funding will henceforth be provided in Title III, Related Agencies.
According to press reports, the Trump Administration has requested a $1 billion reduction in DOT from FY2016 levels: zeroing out the Essential Air Services program (-$150 million) and the TIGER (National Infrastructure Investments) grant program (-$500 million), and reducing funding for the transit New Starts program by $400 million.
For DOT, the Senate bill included the following:
The House Committee on Appropriations recommended the following:
The Obama Administration's budget proposal for DOT included the following:
Table 7 presents account-level funding information for HUD, comparing FY2016 with the FY2017 Obama Administration budget request and congressional action. It is followed by a brief summary of key highlights. For an expanded discussion, see CRS Report R44495, Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): FY2017 Appropriations, coordinated by Maggie McCarty.
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Accounts |
FY2016 Enacted |
FY2017 Request |
FY2017 House Comm. |
FY2017 Senate |
FY2017 Enacted |
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Appropriations |
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Salaries and Expenses (Mgmt. & Adm.) |
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Tenant-Based Rental Assistance (Sec. 8 vouchers)a |
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Rental Assistance Demonstration |
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Public housing capital fund |
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Public housing operating fund |
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Choice Neighborhoods |
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Family Self Sufficiency |
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Native American housing block grants |
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Indian housing loan guarantee |
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Native Hawaiian block grant |
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Native Hawaiian loan guarantee |
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Housing, persons with AIDS (HOPWA) |
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Community Development Fund (Including CDBG) |
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HOME Investment Partnerships |
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Self-Help Homeownershipd |
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Homeless Assistance Grants |
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Project-Based Rental Assistance (Sec. 8)e |
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Housing for the Elderly |
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Housing for Persons with Disabilities |
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Housing Counseling Assistancef |
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Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fundg |
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Rental Housing Assistanceh |
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Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Expensesg |
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Government National Mortgage Assn. (GNMA) Expensesg |
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Research and technology |
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Fair housing activities |
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Office, lead hazard control |
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Information Technology Fund |
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Inspector General |
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Gross Appropriations Subtotal |
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Rescissions |
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Administrative Provisions |
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Rescissions Subtotal |
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Offsetting Collections and Receipts |
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Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fund |
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FHA |
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GNMA |
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Offsets Subtotal |
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Total Budget Authority |
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Disaster Relief Funding |
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Total w/ Disaster Funding |
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Source: Table prepared by CRS based on the Comparative Statement of New Budget (Obligational) Authority as published in S.Rept. 114-243, beginning on p. 167; and H.Rept. 114-606, beginning on p. 153.
a. The Section 8 tenant-based rental assistance account includes both current-year and advance appropriations. Typically, Congress appropriates about $4 billion for tenant-based rental assistance for the subsequent fiscal year in addition to funds for the current year.
b. The Senate-passed bill would create a new Indian Block Grants account that would include (1) the programs currently funded in the Native American Housing Block Grant account and (2) the Indian Community Development Block Grant, which is currently funded in the Community Development Fund account. The amount in the table reflects the total amount that would be provided for this new account.
c. Funding for the Indian Community Development Block Grant, which is usually provided in the Community Development Fund account, is included in a new Indian Block Grants account in the Senate-passed bill.
d. The Self-Help and Assisted Homeownership Opportunity Program account provides funds for both the Self-Help Homeownership Opportunity Program (SHOP) and certain capacity building activities. The President's budget proposed funding SHOP as a set-aside within the HOME account and capacity building activities within the Research and Technology account, rather than within their own account.
e. The Section 8 project-based rental assistance account includes both current-year and advance appropriations. Typically, Congress appropriates about $400 million for project-based rental assistance for the subsequent fiscal year in addition to funds for the current year.
f. In addition to HUD's housing counseling assistance program, in recent years Congress has provided funding specifically for foreclosure mitigation counseling known as the National Foreclosure Mitigation Counseling Program (NFMCP), administered by the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (also known as NeighborWorks America). NeighborWorks is not part of HUD, but is usually funded as a related agency in the annual HUD appropriations laws. The President's budget did not request funding for the NFMCP in FY2017, and neither the House committee-passed bill nor the Senate-passed bill would provide funding for the NFMCP.
g. Some or all of the cost of funding these accounts is offset by the collection of fees or other receipts, shown later in this table.
h. The Rental Housing Assistance account is used to provide supplemental funding to some older HUD rent-assisted properties and, when funding is provided, it is typically offset by recaptures. Funding is not requested in this account every year.
i. H.Rept. 114-606, on p. 95, notes that maintenance of basic IT-related systems and activities at HUD requires at least $250 million and states that "prior to enactment, the Committee will work to identify sources of funds to maintain and upgrade the Department's systems."
j. Section 233 of the General Provisions included a rescission of $7 million in unobligated balances from the Neighborhood Stabilization Program and a rescission from FHA's General and Special Risk Program account.
k. Section 237 of the General Provisions includes rescissions of unobligated balances from HUD's Management and Administration and Salaries and Expenses accounts, as well as unobligated balanced available from certain HUD recaptures.
l. Section 420 of the General Provisions included $300 million in disaster recovery assistance for states and communities impacted by Hurricane Joaquin and Hurricane Patricia and other storms and flooding events occurring in 2015. This amount was provided as "disaster relief" funding, and is thus effectively exempt from the statutory limits on discretionary spending that apply to the remainder of HUD funding in the bill.
According to press reports, the Trump Administration has recommended a $1.5 billion reduction in funding from the FY2016 level for the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program.
H.R. 5394, as reported by the House Appropriations Committee, would provide the following for HUD:
For HUD the Senate bill (the substitute amendment to H.R. 2577, as passed by the Senate) would provide the following:
The Obama Administration's FY2017 budget request for HUD included the following:
Table 8 shows appropriations levels for the various related agencies funded within the Transportation, HUD, and Related Agencies appropriations bill. The Surface Transportation Board was transferred from the DOT title to the Related Agencies title starting with FY2017.
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Related Agencies |
FY2016 |
FY2017 Request |
FY2017 House |
FY2017 Senate |
FY2017 Enacted |
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Access Board |
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Federal Maritime Commission |
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National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) Office of Inspector General |
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National Transportation Safety Board |
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Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (NeighborWorks) |
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Surface Transportation Board |
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Offsetting Collections |
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U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness |
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Total |
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Source: Table prepared by CRS based on the Comparative Statement of New Budget (Obligational) Authority as published in S.Rept. 114-243, beginning on p. 167; and H.Rept. 114-606, beginning on p. 153.
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding.
a. The Surface Transportation Board was funded at $32 million in FY2016 (less $1 million in offsetting receipts) in the DOT title of the THUD appropriations act.
Author Contact Information
Key Policy Staff
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Area of Expertise |
Name |
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Transportation |
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General DOT funding, passenger rail, NHTSA, FMCSA, surface transportation safety and security |
[email address scrubbed] |
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Aviation safety, aviation security, Federal Aviation Administration, National Transportation Safety Board |
[email address scrubbed] |
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Federal Highway Administration, Highway and Airport and Airway Trust Funds, tolling |
[email address scrubbed] |
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Federal Railroad Administration, freight transportation, Maritime Administration, Surface Transportation Board |
[email address scrubbed] |
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Federal Transit Administration, surface transportation policy, private investment in infrastructure |
[email address scrubbed] |
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Airport Improvement Program, Essential Air Service, airport and airline issues |
[email address scrubbed] |
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Motor vehicle safety, electric and alternative-fuel vehicles and infrastructure |
[email address scrubbed] |
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Housing and Urban Development |
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Public Housing, Section 8 rent assistance, (project-based and vouchers), general HUD funding |
[email address scrubbed] |
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Community Development, including CDBG |
[email address scrubbed] |
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FHA, HOME, Housing Counseling, NAHASDA |
[email address scrubbed] |
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Section 202 and Section 811, homelessness assistance, including HOPWA |
[email address scrubbed] |
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Related Agencies |
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Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation/NeighborWorks, FHFA |
[email address scrubbed] |
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Interagency Council on Homelessness |
[email address scrubbed] |
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U.S. Access Board |
[email address scrubbed] |
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Amtrak IG |
[email address scrubbed] |
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Federal Maritime Commission |
[email address scrubbed] |
| 1. |
According to Congressional Quarterly's American Congressional Dictionary, discretionary appropriations are appropriations not mandated by existing law and therefore made available annually in appropriations bills in such amounts as Congress chooses. The Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 defines discretionary appropriations as budget authority provided in annual appropriations acts and the outlays derived from that authority, but it excludes appropriations for entitlements. |
| 2. |
For a discussion of budget enforcement mechanisms that may be adopted in the absence of a budget resolution, see CRS Report R44296, Deeming Resolutions: Budget Enforcement in the Absence of a Budget Resolution, by Megan S. Lynch; and CRS Report R43535, Provisions in the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 as an Alternative to a Traditional Budget Resolution, by Megan S. Lynch. |
| 3. |
The authority for these actions is provided by Section 102 of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (P.L. 114-74). The levels were filed by the Senate Budget Committee chair on April 18, 2016 ("Allocation of Spending Authority to Senate Committee on Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2017," Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 162, no. 59 (April 18, 2016), p. S2121). No comparable authority for the House Budget Committee chair was provided by the Bipartisan Budget Act. |
| 4. |
These interim suballocations are available on the House Appropriations Committee website, at http://appropriations.house.gov/files/?CatagoryID=34785. |
| 5. |
Paul M. Krawzak and Kellie Mejdrich, "Details on Trump's Fiscal 2017 Budget Cuts," CQ News, March 27, 2017, http://www.cq.com/doc/news-5071248?8. |