Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business Contracting Program Changes
link to page 1 
INSIGHTi
Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small
Business Contracting Program Changes
Updated June 6, 2024
Annual Contracting Goal Increase
The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2024 (P.L. 118-31), enacted December
22, 2023, increased the federal government’s annual goal for contract awards to Service-Disabled
Veteran-Owned Small Businesses (SDVOSBs). Per Section 863 of the new law, “not less than 5 percent”
of the dollar value of prime contract and subcontract awards must now be awarded to SDVOSBs each
year. Previously, this goal had been set at 3% by Section 502 of the Veterans Entrepreneurship and Small
Business Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-50). The SDVOSB goal is just one of five goals for
contracting with small businesses set by Congress (see Table 1).
Table 1. Statutory Contracting Goals
Type of Firm
Goal Measure of Contract Awards
Small Businesses
23% Dol ar value of prime contract awards
Small Disadvantaged Businesses (SDBs)
5%a Dol ar value of prime and subcontract awards
Women-Owned Small Businesses (WOSBs)
5% Dol ar value of prime and subcontract awards
Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Businesses (SDVOSBs)
5%b Dol ar value of prime and subcontract awards
HUB (Historically Underutilized Business) Zone Small Businesses
3% Dol ar value of prime and subcontract awards
Source: 15 U.S.C. §644(g)(1)(A); P.L. 118-31.
Notes: Prime contracts are made directly to a business from an agency. Subcontracts are made between prime
contractors and businesses. Some federal prime contracts require a contractor to subcontract with small businesses to
create more opportunities for those firms.
a. Executive action increased the statutory SDB goal. In FY2024, agencies must col ectively award at least 13% of
contract spending to SDBs, per Office of Management and Budget Memorandum M-24-01, in order to increase this
share of award dol ars to 15% by 2025.
b. P.L. 118-31, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024, increased the SDVOSB goal from 3% to 5%.
Congressional Research Service
https://crsreports.congress.gov
IN12313
CRS INSIGHT
Prepared for Members and
Committees of Congress
link to page 2 Congressional Research Service
2
The prior 3% SDVOSB contracting goal was met for the first time in FY2012 and federal agencies have
continued to meet it every year since. In FY2022, the most recent year for which goal achievement data
has been released, agencies collectively awarded 4.57% of prime contract dollars and 2.16% of
subcontract dollars to SDVOSBs. Since FY2017, the government has awarded at least 4% of prime
contract dollars to SDVOSBs (see Table 2).
Table 2. SDVOSB Contract Awards, FY2015-FY2023
($ in billions)
Amount of Federal
Percentage of Prime
Percentage of
Fiscal Year
Contract Award Dollars
Contract Awards
Subcontract Awards
2023
$31.9
5.07%
2.63%
2022
$28.1
4.57%
2.16%
2021
$25.0
4.41%
2.14%
2020
$23.7
4.23%
2.14%
2019
$21.8
4.34%
1.95%
2018
$20.6
4.27%
2.10%
2017
$17.9
4.05%
1.90%
2016
$16.3
3.98%
1.60%
2015
$13.8
3.93%
1.80%
Sources: Small Business Administration (SBA), “Small Business Procurement Scorecard [FY2015-FY2023],” at
https://www.sba.gov/document/support-small-business-procurement-scorecard-overview.
Notes: SBA excludes certain contracts when procurement data is unavailable or because the work cannot realistically be
performed by small businesses. According to the SBA’s Goaling Guidelines, most excluded contracts are acquisitions on
behalf of foreign governments, awarded to mandatory and directed sources, or funded with non-appropriated, agency-
generated funds. Purchases valued at less than $10,000 are also excluded because they are not tracked in the Federal
Procurement Data System. The value of contracts with these exclusions is referred to as the “small business eligible”
value.
The Small Business Administration (SBA) oversees small business procurement goal-making for
individual agencies and consults with them to establish annual goals that collectively add up to
government-wide goals, as required by Section 15(g)(2) of the Small Business Act. Agency goal
attainment is an aspirational pursuit without punitive consequences for failure to meet goals. Any agency
that does not achieve a goal must submit a “corrective action report” to the SBA, denoting the reasons it
failed to achieve the goal and proposing a “corrective action plan.” For more information on small
business contracting goals, see CRS Insight IN12018, Federal Small Business Contracting Goals,
Federal Small Business Contracting Goals.
Certification of Firms
Coinciding with the increase in the SDVOSB contracting goal is implementation of a government-wide
SDVOSB certification process, and the end of SDVOSB self-certification. Section 862 of the FY2021
NDAA (P.L. 116-283) required the SBA to establish this certification (and periodic recertification)
process, transferring firm certification duties to the SBA from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).
The VA will nevertheless continue to determine whether an individual qualifies as a veteran or service-
disabled veteran. The SBA has issued regulations for certification, available at 13 C.F.R. Part 128. In
order to be eligible for SDVOSB contracting preferences such as contract set-asides and sole-source
Congressional Research Service
3
awards, a firm must be certified through the new SBA certification platform at
https://veterans.certify.sba.gov/.
Furthermore, in order for agencies to count a contract with a SDVOSB toward their annual procurement
goal, the award must be made to a certified SDVOSB (per Section 864 of the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (P.L. 118-31)). Subcontract awards by prime contractors to
SDVOSBs must also be made to certified firms in order for them to be counted toward agency SDVOSB
subcontracting goals. According to a direct final rule issued by the SBA, regulations eliminating goal
credit for contracts with self-certified SDVOSBs become effective August 5, 2024.
Agencies could face headwinds in meeting the SDVOSB goal, due to the increased goal level along with
the change in how agencies may count contracts towards the goal. At the same time, there could be a
smaller pool of SDVOSB suppliers for agencies and prime contractors; not all eligible SDVOSBs may
necessarily obtain certification in time (or at all) for the existing pool to remain unchanged; the SBA
estimates that “as many as 20,408 self-certified SDVOSBs” may still apply for certification. For more
information on the SDVOSB contracting program, see CRS Report R47226, Federal Contracting by
Veteran-Owned Small Businesses: An Overview and Analysis of Contemporary Issues.
Author Information
R. Corinne Blackford
Analyst in Small Business and Economic Development
Policy
Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff
to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of
Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other than public understanding of
information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in connection with CRS’s institutional role.
CRS Reports, as a work of the United States Government, are not subject to copyright protection in the United
States. Any CRS Report may be reproduced and distributed in its entirety without permission from CRS. However,
as a CRS Report may include copyrighted images or material from a third party, you may need to obtain the
permission of the copyright holder if you wish to copy or otherwise use copyrighted material.
IN12313 · VERSION 2 · UPDATED
INSIGHTi
Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small
Business Contracting Program Changes
Updated June 6, 2024
Annual Contracting Goal Increase
The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2024 (P.L. 118-31), enacted December
22, 2023, increased the federal government’s annual goal for contract awards to Service-Disabled
Veteran-Owned Small Businesses (SDVOSBs). Per Section 863 of the new law, “not less than 5 percent”
of the dollar value of prime contract and subcontract awards must now be awarded to SDVOSBs each
year. Previously, this goal had been set at 3% by Section 502 of the Veterans Entrepreneurship and Small
Business Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-50). The SDVOSB goal is just one of five goals for
contracting with small businesses set by Congress (see Table 1).
Table 1. Statutory Contracting Goals
Type of Firm
Goal Measure of Contract Awards
Small Businesses
23% Dol ar value of prime contract awards
Small Disadvantaged Businesses (SDBs)
5%a Dol ar value of prime and subcontract awards
Women-Owned Small Businesses (WOSBs)
5% Dol ar value of prime and subcontract awards
Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Businesses (SDVOSBs)
5%b Dol ar value of prime and subcontract awards
HUB (Historically Underutilized Business) Zone Small Businesses
3% Dol ar value of prime and subcontract awards
Source: 15 U.S.C. §644(g)(1)(A); P.L. 118-31.
Notes: Prime contracts are made directly to a business from an agency. Subcontracts are made between prime
contractors and businesses. Some federal prime contracts require a contractor to subcontract with small businesses to
create more opportunities for those firms.
a. Executive action increased the statutory SDB goal. In FY2024, agencies must col ectively award at least 13% of
contract spending to SDBs, per Office of Management and Budget Memorandum M-24-01, in order to increase this
share of award dol ars to 15% by 2025.
b. P.L. 118-31, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024, increased the SDVOSB goal from 3% to 5%.
Congressional Research Service
https://crsreports.congress.gov
IN12313
CRS INSIGHT
Prepared for Members and
Committees of Congress
link to page 2 Congressional Research Service
2
The prior 3% SDVOSB contracting goal was met for the first time in FY2012 and federal agencies have
continued to meet it every year since. In FY2022, the most recent year for which goal achievement data
has been released, agencies collectively awarded 4.57% of prime contract dollars and 2.16% of
subcontract dollars to SDVOSBs. Since FY2017, the government has awarded at least 4% of prime
contract dollars to SDVOSBs (see Table 2).
Table 2. SDVOSB Contract Awards, FY2015-FY2023
($ in billions)
Amount of Federal
Percentage of Prime
Percentage of
Fiscal Year
Contract Award Dollars
Contract Awards
Subcontract Awards
2023
$31.9
5.07%
2.63%
2022
$28.1
4.57%
2.16%
2021
$25.0
4.41%
2.14%
2020
$23.7
4.23%
2.14%
2019
$21.8
4.34%
1.95%
2018
$20.6
4.27%
2.10%
2017
$17.9
4.05%
1.90%
2016
$16.3
3.98%
1.60%
2015
$13.8
3.93%
1.80%
Sources: Small Business Administration (SBA), “Small Business Procurement Scorecard [FY2015-FY2023],” at
https://www.sba.gov/document/support-small-business-procurement-scorecard-overview.
Notes: SBA excludes certain contracts when procurement data is unavailable or because the work cannot realistically be
performed by small businesses. According to the SBA’s Goaling Guidelines, most excluded contracts are acquisitions on
behalf of foreign governments, awarded to mandatory and directed sources, or funded with non-appropriated, agency-
generated funds. Purchases valued at less than $10,000 are also excluded because they are not tracked in the Federal
Procurement Data System. The value of contracts with these exclusions is referred to as the “small business eligible”
value.
The Small Business Administration (SBA) oversees small business procurement goal-making for
individual agencies and consults with them to establish annual goals that collectively add up to
government-wide goals, as required by Section 15(g)(2) of the Small Business Act. Agency goal
attainment is an aspirational pursuit without punitive consequences for failure to meet goals. Any agency
that does not achieve a goal must submit a “corrective action report” to the SBA, denoting the reasons it
failed to achieve the goal and proposing a “corrective action plan.” For more information on small
business contracting goals, see CRS Insight IN12018, Federal Small Business Contracting Goals,
Federal Small Business Contracting Goals.
Certification of Firms
Coinciding with the increase in the SDVOSB contracting goal is implementation of a government-wide
SDVOSB certification process, and the end of SDVOSB self-certification. Section 862 of the FY2021
NDAA (P.L. 116-283) required the SBA to establish this certification (and periodic recertification)
process, transferring firm certification duties to the SBA from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).
The VA will nevertheless continue to determine whether an individual qualifies as a veteran or service-
disabled veteran. The SBA has issued regulations for certification, available at 13 C.F.R. Part 128. In
order to be eligible for SDVOSB contracting preferences such as contract set-asides and sole-source
Congressional Research Service
3
awards, a firm must be certified through the new SBA certification platform at
https://veterans.certify.sba.gov/.
Furthermore, in order for agencies to count a contract with a SDVOSB toward their annual procurement
goal, the award must be made to a certified SDVOSB (per Section 864 of the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (P.L. 118-31)). Subcontract awards by prime contractors to
SDVOSBs must also be made to certified firms in order for them to be counted toward agency SDVOSB
subcontracting goals. According to a direct final rule issued by the SBA, regulations eliminating goal
credit for contracts with self-certified SDVOSBs become effective August 5, 2024.
Agencies could face headwinds in meeting the SDVOSB goal, due to the increased goal level along with
the change in how agencies may count contracts towards the goal. At the same time, there could be a
smaller pool of SDVOSB suppliers for agencies and prime contractors; not all eligible SDVOSBs may
necessarily obtain certification in time (or at all) for the existing pool to remain unchanged; the SBA
estimates that “as many as 20,408 self-certified SDVOSBs” may still apply for certification. For more
information on the SDVOSB contracting program, see CRS Report R47226, Federal Contracting by
Veteran-Owned Small Businesses: An Overview and Analysis of Contemporary Issues.
Author Information
R. Corinne Blackford
Analyst in Small Business and Economic Development
Policy
Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff
to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of
Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other than public understanding of
information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in connection with CRS’s institutional role.
CRS Reports, as a work of the United States Government, are not subject to copyright protection in the United
States. Any CRS Report may be reproduced and distributed in its entirety without permission from CRS. However,
as a CRS Report may include copyrighted images or material from a third party, you may need to obtain the
permission of the copyright holder if you wish to copy or otherwise use copyrighted material.
IN12313 · VERSION 2 · UPDATED