DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

April 4, 2023 R47496

DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024
April 4, 2023
On March 9, 2023, the Joseph R. Biden, Jr. Administration released its budget request for
FY2024, including $103.18 billion in total budget authority for the Department of Homeland
William L. Painter
Security (DHS).
Specialist in Homeland
Security and
DHS is the third largest agency in the federal government in terms of civilian personnel. The
Appropriations
annual appropriations bill that funds it—providing $80.65 billion in gross discretionary budget

authority—was the sixth largest of the 12 annual funding measure developed by the
appropriations committees for FY2023. It is the only appropriations bill that funds a single

agency exclusively and in its entirety.
The FY2024 budget request was the third detailed budget request proposed by the Biden Administration. While its first
volume was released 77 days after the enactment of the FY2023 consolidated appropriations measure, the rollout of the
supporting documents was gradual, with the supporting volumes for the request being released to the public on March 13,
including congressional justifications for DHS and the Budget in Brief summary document. Such a delay is atypical in a non-
transition year.
This report provides an overview of the FY2024 annual budget request for DHS. It provides a component-level overview of
the appropriations requested for FY2024, and puts the requested appropriations in context with the FY2023 requested and
enacted appropriations level, to the extent possible, while noting some of the factors behind the larger changes from these
baselines.
The FY2024 budget request for DHS includes $88.05 billion in gross discretionary budget authority, up $1.52 billion from
the enacted level of annual appropriations, and $4.72 billion from the request for FY2023. Some of the major drivers of
change in the FY2024 request include:
 a record-setting $20.26 billion request for the Disaster Relief Fund (DRF), up $325 million from the
FY2023 enacted annual appropriations level, including $145 million for the DRF base and $1 billion set
aside for the Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) mitigation program;
 a $1.61 billion increase in the gross discretionary budget for the Transportation Security Administration
(TSA), driven by $1.1 billion in pay reform for TSA employees, and offset by a legislative proposal to
provide TSA the full resources of the Aviation Security Passenger Fee (similar to an unsuccessful proposal
in the FY2023 request);
 a 5.2% pay increase for both civilian and military personnel; and
 a $597 million increase above the annual enacted appropriation for U.S. Citizenship and Immigration
Services, for which the Administration requested additional resources to speed up processing of requests
and applications.
In addition, the Administration requested a Southwest Border Contingency Fund that could provide up to $4.7 billion in
emergency funding for U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and the Federal
Emergency Management Agency for addressing migrant surges at the southwest border if encounters there reach certain
thresholds.
The Administration requested $54 million in rescissions, compared to none that were sought in FY2023.
Information on the appropriations committees’ responses to the Administration’s budget request will be made available in
future products.

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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

Introduction
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is the third largest agency in the federal
government in terms of staff size, with roughly 252,000 civilian and military personnel. The
annual appropriations bill that funds it—providing $80.65 billion in gross discretionary budget
authority—was the sixth largest of the 12 annual funding measures developed by the
appropriations committees for FY2023. It is the only appropriations bill that funds a single
agency exclusively and in its entirety.
This report provides an overview of the Joseph R. Biden, Jr. Administration’s FY2024 annual
budget request for the Department of Homeland Security. It provides a component-level overview
of the appropriations sought in the FY2024 budget request, and puts the requested appropriations
in context with the FY2023 requested and enacted level of appropriations, while noting some of
the factors behind the larger changes from those baselines.
 For more information on the current status of DHS appropriations for FY2023,
see CRS Report R47239, Department of Homeland Security Appropriations:
FY2023 State of Play.
Data Sources and Caveats
The analysis in this report is based on Office of Management and Budget (OMB) data as
presented in the FY2024 Budget-in-Brief for DHS, as well as supporting information from the
DHS congressional budget justifications for FY2024, except where noted.1 Most other CRS
appropriations reports rely on Congressional Budget Office (CBO) data, which was not available
at a similar level of granularity at the time of this report’s publication.2 Numbers expressed in
billions are rounded to the nearest hundredth ($10 million), while numbers expressed in millions
are rounded to the nearest million.
Supplemental Appropriations for FY2023
None of the FY2023 requested or enacted levels in this report used for comparison include
supplemental appropriations (such as those requested and/or provided in the wake of the
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic), as the intent is to analyze the FY2024 annual
appropriations request in comparison to the preceding request and annual appropriations.
However, roughly $6.9 billion in supplemental appropriations were provided for DHS as well as
other government agencies in the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023
(included in P.L. 117-328, the FY2023 Consolidated Appropriations Act as Division N):
 $155 million for the U.S. Coast Guard, related to Hurricanes Fiona and Ian:
o $39 million for Operations and Support; and
o $116 million for Procurement, Construction, and Improvements.
 $6.45 billion for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA):
o $5 billion for the Disaster Relief Fund; and

1 These documents are available at https://www.dhs.gov/dhs-budget.
2 As the executive branch and legislative branch follow different scorekeeping procedures and at times structure
resources differently over the course of discussion, CRS generally avoids making comparisons between executive
branch and legislative branch documentation of appropriations. In this case, due to time constraints, CRS (for purposes
of this report) determined that comparison is unavoidable.
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o $1.45 billion for carrying out the Hermit’s Peak/Calf Canyon Fire Assistance
Act.
o Of those two appropriations for FEMA, $13 million and $1 million,
respectively, were transferred to the Office of Inspector General for oversight
of funded activities.
 $309 million for U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services to fund activities
usually covered by Immigration User Fee receipts.
Structure of the DHS Budget
FY2024 Context
The FY2024 budget request was the third detailed budget proposed by the Biden Administration.
While its first volume was released on March 9, 2023, 77 days after the enactment of the FY2023
consolidated appropriations measure, the rollout of the supporting documents was gradual, with
the supporting volumes for the request released to the public on March 13, including
congressional justifications for DHS and the Budget-in-Brief summary document. Such delays are
atypical in a non-transition year.
The budget for DHS includes a variety of discretionary and mandatory budget authority. Aside
from standard discretionary spending, some of the discretionary spending in the bill is offset by
collections of fees, reducing the net effect on the general fund of the Treasury. Additionally, a
large portion of the funding the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) receives for
the Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) has received special budgetary exemptions from subcommittee
allocations and statutory spending limits.3 DHS also draws resources from fee revenues and other
collections included in the mandatory budget, which are not usually referenced in annual
appropriations legislation. However, some mandatory spending items still require an
appropriation because there is no dedicated source of funding to meet the government’s
obligations established in law—such as the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) retirement accounts.4
Figure 1 shows a breakdown of these different categories from the FY2024 budget request.
Contingency Funding for the Southwest Border
Aside from these traditional funding structures, the Biden Administration is requesting up to $4.7 bil ion “to aid
the Department and its components in responding [to] surges of migration along the Southwest border.” The
proposal suggests that if encounters at the border reach certain quarterly thresholds, then DHS would receive
additional emergency-designated resources. This funding mechanism is atypical, and is known as a contingent
appropriation, as the resources are only made available contingent on a certain condition or set of conditions. A
recent example of such an appropriation is in the FY2023 appropriation for the Department of Health and Human
Services (HHS; P.L. 117-180, Division H), which included up to $360 mil ion for the Refugee and Entrant
Assistance Appropriations, contingent on the number of unaccompanied children referred to HHS.
While the Administration’s proposal could provide a relatively significant amount of additional resources to CBP,
ICE, and FEMA, is it is unclear exactly how much would be made available to each of these agencies if it were
enacted. Therefore, such speculative amounts are not included in analyses of precise requests shown in Figure 1
or elsewhere in this report, unless specifically mentioned.

3 Both the special designation for disaster relief funding and the statutory spending limits the designation adjusted,
established by the Budget Control Act (P.L. 112-25), expired at the end of FY2021. Congress chose to extend that
flexibility for FY2022 and FY2023, and could continue to do so.
4 For a further discussion of these terms and concepts, see CRS Report R46240, Introduction to the Federal Budget
Process, by James V. Saturno.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

Figure 1. FY2024 Budget Request Structure
(dollars of budget authority)

Source: Developed by CRS, based on the “DHS Resource Table,” DHS Budget in Brief, FY2024, pp. 94-112.
Notes: “Budget Authority from Discretionary Appropriations” reflects the offsetting effect of the fees and the
disaster relief designation shown in the two bars below it. The Administration’s accounting for appropriated
mandatory budget authority includes the Aviation Security Capital Fund and several U.S. Coast Guard items:
Retired Pay, Boat Safety, Maritime Oil Spil Program, and General Gift Fund.
Congress and the Administration may differ on how funding is structured. Administrations of
both parties have suggested paying for certain activities with fee increases that would require
legislative approval. If fees are not increased, additional discretionary appropriations would be
required to fund the planned activities.5
Several comparisons can be made in the first three categories of discretionary funding:
 With its proposed $88.05 billion in gross budget authority from discretionary
appropriations, the Administration is seeking $4.71 billion (+5.7%) more in
discretionary appropriations than it did for FY2023, and $1.52 billion (+1.8%)
more than was enacted in annual appropriations for FY2023.
 The Administration also proposes a $2.01 billion (+36.6%) increase in offsetting
collections from the FY2023 enacted level. These increases include $1.71 billion
for the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) from the aviation security
passenger fee ($1.56 billion of which would require legislation),6 and an
anticipated $81 million in additional offsetting fee collections for the Federal
Protective Service.
 The FY2024 request also includes an increase of $166 million (+0.8%) above the
FY2023 enacted level of disaster relief-designated discretionary appropriations.
 Once the offsetting collections and disaster relief are taken into account, the
Administration is proposing $0.66 billion (-1.1%) less in adjusted net
discretionary appropriations than were enacted in FY2023. The Administration
makes a point in its budget documentation that comparing the enacted net
discretionary level with the request does not capture the effect of:

5 This is the case in FY2024, with the Administration proposing a change in the disposition of revenues from the
Aviation Security Passenger Fee.
6 The Administration projects $194 million in additional revenues under the current authorization, and proposes a
change in the authorization of the fee to eliminate a statutory contribution from the fee to deficit reduction, making
$1.56 billion more of the totals fees collected available to offset TSA’s aviation security costs. (Department of
Homeland Security, Transportation Security Administration, September 11th Aviation Passenger Security Fee Fiscal
Year 2024 Congressional Justification, p. TSA-APSF-3.)
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

o Emergency-designated contingent appropriations, which could, if fully
exercised, provide up to $4.7 billion for DHS component border
management; and
o $1.6 billion in discretionary offsets for TSA aviation security, which reduce
the adjusted net discretionary total for the request.
Appropriations Analysis
Comparing the FY2024 Request to Prior-Year Levels
Table 1 presents the requested gross discretionary budget authority for FY2024 for each DHS
component, as well as the funding level requested for FY2023, enacted in the FY2023 annual
appropriations act, and in all measures with discretionary appropriations.
 While this table compares data developed with the CBO scoring methodology
with data developed with the OMB scoring methodology, historically, the scoring
differences between the two in tallying gross discretionary spending have been
small.7
 Six analytical columns on the right side of the table provide comparisons of the
FY2024 requested funding levels with the FY2023 requested, enacted annual,
and total enacted8 levels, and indicate both dollar and percentage change.
 Components are listed in order of their total FY2024 requested gross
discretionary budget authority, from highest to lowest.
An indented and italicized line beneath the Federal Emergency Management Agency entry shows
the portion of the component’s funding covered by the special budgetary designation for disaster
relief.

7 With the expiration of the mandates in the Budget Control Act, OMB no longer produces comparative analyses of its
scoring with CBO’s.
8 This third comparison includes supplemental appropriations.
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Table 1. Component-Level Analysis of DHS Budget Request (FY2023-FY2024)
(thousands of dollars of gross discretionary budget authority)
vs. FY2023
vs. FY2023
FY2024
vs. FY2023
%
Annual
%
Total
%
Component
Request
Request
Change
Enacted
Change
Enacted
Change
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
25,699,239
635,198
+2.5%
53,815
+0.2%
-6,346,185
-19.8%
Disaster Relief Adjustment
20,111,000
371,000
+1.9%
166,000
+0.8%
166,000
+0.8%
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
16,866,124
1,405,104
+9.1%
-1,374,271
-7.5%
-1,683,271
-9.1%
U.S. Coast Guard (USCG)
12,055,323
516,081
+4.5%
420,832
+3.6%
266,082
+2.3%
Transportation Security Administration (TSA)
10,898,541
891,189
+8.9%
1,613,251
+17.4%
1,613,251
+17.4%
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
8,331,539
231,649
+2.9%
-427,421
-4.9%
-427,421
-4.9%
Management Directorate (MD)
4,648,032
208,775
+4.7%
466,148
+11.1%
466,148
+11.1%
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection Agency (CISA)
3,056,286
545,594
+21.7%
149,148
+5.1%
129,148
+4.4%
U.S. Secret Service (USSS)
3,009,778
306,269
+11.3%
187,598
+6.6%
187,598
+6.6%
Science and Technology Directorate (S&T)
887,169
-14,122
-1.6%
-13,372
-1.5%
-13,372
-1.5%
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)
865,194
-48,428
-5.3%
597,213
+222.9%
288,213
+50.0%
Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction (CWMD)
428,061
-911
-0.2%
-2,911
-0.7%
-2,911
-0.7%
Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers (FLETC)
379,198
-17,349
-4.4%
-27,349
-6.7%
-27,349
-6.7%
Informational Analysis and Situational Awareness (IASA)a
373,255
32,096
+9.4%
56,615
+17.9%
56,615
+17.9%
Office of the Secretary and Executive Management (OSEM)
328,055
11,875
+3.8%
-56,739
-14.7%
-56,739
-14.7%
Office of Inspector General (OIG)
228,371
13,492
+6.3%
13,492
+6.3%
13,492
+6.3%
Source: CRS analysis of the FY 2023 and FY2024 DHS Budget in Brief.
Notes: Numbers preceded by a “-” are negative. Indented lines are part of the line shown above. Total enacted includes supplemental appropriations, emergency-
designated budget authority, and advance appropriations made available in a given year.
a. The request documents refer to this appropriation as “Analysis and Operations (A&O),” but the FY2023 DHS Appropriations Act refers to it as shown in the table.

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Table 1 illuminates several shifts within the FY2024 DHS discretionary budget request that are
not immediately apparent in top-line analysis:
 The primary drivers for the increase in the Administration’s total discretionary
request compared to the prior year were increases for U.S. Customs and Border
Protection (CBP) from the FY2023 request, and the TSA’s gross discretionary
total.
It is notable that the annual enacted baseline for CBP and U.S. Immigration and Customs
Enforcement (ICE) is higher for both agencies as they both received additional
appropriations in the general provisions of the FY2023 annual appropriations measure:
o CBP received an additional $1.56 billion for border management
requirements;
o ICE received $340 million in additional funding for non-detention border
management requirements.
 Aside from TSA, the only discretionary budget request that rose more than $500
million from the FY2023 annual enacted level was that of ICE, for which the
Administration requested additional resources to speed up processing of requests
and applications.
 Aside from CBP, ICE, and FEMA, which received appropriations above what is
considered their base budget, whether through appropriations in general
provisions or supplemental appropriations measures, the components with
requests lower than the annual or total enacted level for FY2023 were
headquarters and support components:
o Office of the Secretary and Executive Management—$57 million (-14.7%)
lower than the annual enacted level for FY2023;
o Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers—$27 million (-6.7%) lower;
o Science and Technology Directorate—$13 million (-1.5%) lower; and
o Office of Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction—$3 million (-0.7%)
lower.
Year-to-year increases in funding levels do not always signify new initiatives, however, nor do
year-to-year reductions signify programmatic cuts. To ascertain what is going on within the
components, further detail is required.
Common DHS Appropriation Types
In FY2017, at congressional direction, DHS implemented a Common Appropriations Structure
(CAS), reorganizing most DHS discretionary appropriations into four uniform categories:
1. Operations and Support (O&S), which generally covers operating salaries and
expenses;
2. Procurement, Construction, and Improvements (PC&I), which funds
planning, development, engineering, purchase, and deployment of assets to
support component missions;
3. Research and Development (R&D), which provides resources needed to
identify, explore, and demonstrate new technologies and capabilities to support
component missions; and
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4. Federal Assistance (FA), which supports grant funding managed by DHS
components.
Some DHS appropriations do not fit the CAS categories. For instance, FEMA’s Disaster Relief
Fund is a unique discretionary appropriation that has been preserved separately, in part, due to the
history of the high level of public and congressional interest in that particular structure.9
Of the $88.06 billion in gross discretionary budget authority requested for DHS in FY2024,
$85.85 billion (96.1%) falls into the four CAS categories and the DRF.10
The CAS structure allows for a quick survey of the level of departmental investment in these
broad categories of spending through the appropriations process.11 Table 2 shows the values of
the four CAS categories and the DRF in detail, and expresses that value as a share of
appropriations in those five categories.12 The following columns compare that value to the
FY2023 requested and annual enacted amounts for each category.
Table 2. FY2024 DHS Annual Appropriations Request by CAS Category
(in thousands of dollars of discretionary budget authority)
Share of DHS
Change
Gross
Change
from
FY2024
Discretionary
from
FY2023
Annual
Budget
FY2023
Annual
Category
Request
Authority
Request
%
Enacted
%
Operations and Support
55,968,488
63.6%
+3,694,225
+7.1%
+1,370,306 +2.5%
Procurement, Construction,
4,042,329
4,6%
+170,289
+4.4%
+278,503 +7.4%
and Improvements
Research and Development
542,389
0.6%
-47,408
-8.1%
-35,908
-6.2%
Federal Assistance
3,769,827
4.3%
+65,155
+1.8%
-319,370
-7.8%
Disaster Relief Funda
20,256,341
23.0%
+516,341
+2.6%
+311,341 +1.6%
Sources: CRS analysis of the FY2023 and FY2024 DHS Budget in Brief.
Notes: Does not include supplemental, contingent, or advance appropriations.
a. The Disaster Relief Fund is currently divided into two parts: one that covers the costs of declared major
disasters under the Stafford Act (which have special budgetary treatment discussed above), and another that
covers other Stafford Act costs (which is treated as regular discretionary appropriations). The $145 mil ion
request for the latter category is the first such request since FY2021, due to unobligated prior year
balances.
A visual representation of this data follows in Figure 2. On the left are the four appropriations
categories of the CAS, plus the DRF and a catch-all “other” category for discretionary spending

9 Additional information on the DHS Common Appropriations Structure (CAS) and other DHS appropriations, can be
found in “The DHS Common Appropriations Structure” section of CRS Report R45268, Department of Homeland
Security Appropriations: FY2019.
10 Roughly two-thirds of the gross discretionary budget authority not included in the CAS structure or DRF for FY2024
is the Federal Protective Service (FPS), whose appropriations are fully offset by fees.
11 While all DHS components have an Operations and Support (O&S) appropriation, not all components receive
appropriations of each type. All DHS operational components and some DHS support and headquarters components
have a Procurement, Construction, and Improvements (PC&I) appropriation. Research and Development (R&D)
appropriations are less common, and only a handful of components have Federal Assistance (FA) appropriations.
12 As the “other” category is a mixture of diverse elements without a common theme, and the size of its elements are
either fixed or set by outside factors, it is excluded from this analysis.
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not included in these activity types.13 A black bar represents (to scale) the FY2024 funding levels
requested for DHS for each category. Colored lines flow to the DHS components listed on the
right showing the amount of funding requested in each category to each component.
Figure 2. Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority Request by Category and
DHS Component

Source: CRS interpretation of the FY2024 DHS Budget in Brief.
Notes: FEMA = Federal Emergency Management Agency; CBP = U.S. Customs and Border Protection; USCG =
U.S. Coast Guard; TSA = Transportation Security Administration; ICE = U.S. Immigration and Customs
Enforcement; MGMT = Departmental Management Directorate; USSS = U.S. Secret Service; CISA =
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency; USCIS = U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services; ST =
Science and Technology Directorate; CWMD = Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office; FLETC =
Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers; IASA = Intelligence, Analysis, and Situational Awareness; OSEM =
Office of the Secretary and Executive Management; OIG = Office of Inspector General.

13 Included in the “other” category are certain appropriations fully offset by fee collections and permanent indefinite
discretionary spending (i.e., U.S. Customs and Border Protection small airport user fee and U.S. Coast Guard
contributions for health care costs of its Medicare-eligible personnel).
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This breakdown highlights the significant amount of DHS resources that flow through the DRF.
More than 20% of DHS’s annual budget provides for the costs of major disasters, and most of
those costs were incurred during past catastrophic disasters, including the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Operations and Support (O&S) category is the largest of the five categories discussed, and
continues to grow relative to the other categories. The 2.5% increase above the enacted level of
gross discretionary budget authority includes the costs of an annual average 5.2% pay raise,
which accounts for a significant portion of that net growth.
O&S also includes the largest change from either baseline used for comparison. As was the case
in FY2023, the largest changes from the baselines of the FY2023 requested and FY2023 enacted
levels are for the TSA and CBP.
For TSA, the FY2024 gross O&S request is almost $933 million (+9.5%) above the FY2023
requested level and almost $1.68 billion (+18.4%) above the FY2023 enacted level. In the case of
CBP’s O&S appropriation, the FY2024 request is $925 million (+6.4%) above the FY2023
requested level—the second largest increase by value. It is also almost $1.77 billion (-10.3%)
below the FY2023 enacted annual level—the largest change in value and the largest decrease
from the enacted level. These unusual comparison results are due to two factors: (1) the additional
$1.56 billion enacted for CBP in Title V of the FY2023 annual appropriations for border
management needs, and (2) the Administration’s request for contingent appropriations to address
the situation at the border, which does not suit component-level analysis.
Southwest Border Contingency Fund
The Administration has requested $4.7 billion in contingent appropriations, which would be made
available to certain DHS components based on the number of migrant encounters at the
Southwest border.
Table 3. FY2024 Southwest Border Contingency Fund Proposal Triggers
Additional
Emergency-
Total SW Border
Resultant Projected
Designated
Date
Migrant Encounters
Annual Total
Appropriation
January 1, 2024
165,000
750,000
$1,400,000,000
April 1, 2024
575,000
1,250,000
$1,520,000,000
July 1, 2024
2,235,000
3,000,000
$1,780,000,000

Potential Total
Contingent Funding
$4,700,000,000
Source: DHS Overview budget briefing slide deck.
These contingent appropriations would provide additional O&S budget authority to DHS for the
Secretary to divide as needed among CBP, ICE, and/or FEMA to meet the kinds of border
management needs funded through general provisions in the DHS appropriations act in recent
years. DHS has indicated that uses of the contingent appropriations could include:
Soft-sided facilities, transportation of migrants, medical support costs for migrants, surge
staffing, detention beds, Alternatives to Detention, interior processing contractors, the
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Shelter and Services Grant Program, and other non-recurring costs associated with a
migrant surge.14
Since the appropriations would only be provided if encounters at the border reach a certain level,
and would be distributed among three components based on an evolving situation, CRS cannot
represent them in this analysis. However, DHS has noted that, based on recent history, it is likely
that the first two thresholds would be met in FY2024.15
Staffing
The O&S appropriation for each component pays for most DHS personnel.16 Table 4 and Table 5
analyze changes to DHS staffing, as illuminated by the budget request’s information on positions
and full-time equivalents (FTEs)17 for each component. Appropriations legislation does not
explicitly set these levels, so the information is drawn from the DHS budget justifications.
In Table 4, the first two data columns indicate the number of positions requested for each
component in the FY2024 budget request—expressed numerically, and then as a percentage of
total positions. The next two columns show the difference between the FY2024 request and the
number of positions funded in the enacted FY2023 annual appropriations measure for DHS—
expressed numerically, then as a percentage change from the baseline. The following columns
show the same comparison with the number of positions provided for in the FY2022 enacted
annual appropriations measure.18 Table 5 shows the same analysis for FTEs. Note that while the
U.S. Secret Service (USSS) has more than 2,000 more positions than the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) in the FY2024 request, FEMA doubles its requested FTE count.
Table 4. FY2024 Analysis of DHS Positions
Change from
Change from
Positions by
% of DHS
Positions
Positions
Component
Positions
Funded in the
Funded in the
in the
in the
FY2023
FY2022
FY2024
FY2024
Annual DHS
Annual DHS

Request
Request
Appropriation
%
Appropriation
%
CBP
68,275
26.4%
1,304
1.9%
3,590
5.5%
TSA
61,222
23.6%
-710
-1.1%
2,766
4.7%
USCG
52,995
20.5%
495
0.9%
1,111
2.1%
USCIS
26,733
10.3%
3,924
17.2%
4,552
20.5%
ICE
22,175
8.6%
985
4.6%
397
1.8%
USSS
8,382
3.2%
77
0.9%
277
3.4%
FEMA
6,278
2.4%
224
3.7%
649
11.5%

14 FY2024 Budget in Brief, p. 4.
15 Based on publicly available CBP Southwest Border Land Encounter Data, the first two thresholds would have been
met each year starting in FY2021, including FY2023.
16 Two significant exceptions within DHS are U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), which uses fee
collections to pay for most of its personnel, and the Federal Protective Service—now part of the Management
Directorate—which is funded wholly through offsetting collections for services provided.
17 The term “full-time equivalents” or “FTEs” is a measure of work equal to 2,080 hours per year. This is distinct from
positions, which is a measure of the number of employees on board or to be hired.
18 This information is presented in the FY2024 Budget in Brief and congressional justifications, rather than in the
FY2023 or FY2022 appropriations measure or explanatory statement.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

Change from
Change from
Positions by
% of DHS
Positions
Positions
Component
Positions
Funded in the
Funded in the
in the
in the
FY2023
FY2022
FY2024
FY2024
Annual DHS
Annual DHS

Request
Request
Appropriation
%
Appropriation
%
MGMT
4,209
1.6%
50
1.2%
151
3.7%
CISA
3,756
1.5%
11
0.3%
411
12.3%
FLETC
1,115
0.4%
0
0.0%
7
0.6%
IASA
1,054
0.4%
4
0.4%
152
16.9%
OSEM
1,044
0.4%
-32
-3.0%
189
22.1%
OIG
809
0.3%
0
0.0%
0
0.0%
S&T
574
0.2%
2
0.3%
44
8.3%
CWMD
286
0.1%
17
6.3%
-23
-7.4%
Total
258,907
100.0%
6,351
2.5%
14,273
5.8%
Source: CRS analysis of the “Comparison of Budget Authority and Request” table in the DHS Fiscal Year 2024
Congressional Justifications: Congressional Overview, p. DHS-7.
Notes: Numbers preceded by a “-” are negative. FEMA = Federal Emergency Management Agency; CBP = U.S.
Customs and Border Protection; USCG = U.S. Coast Guard; TSA = Transportation Security Administration; ICE
= U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement; MGMT = Management Directorate; USSS = U.S. Secret Service;
CISA = Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency; USCIS = U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services;
S&T = Science and Technology Directorate; CWMD = Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office; FLETC
= Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers; IASA = Intelligence, Analysis, and Situational Awareness; OSEM =
Office of the Secretary and Executive Management; OIG = Office of Inspector General. USCG totals reflect
civilian personnel and military servicemembers.
Table 5. FY2024 Analysis of DHS Full-Time Equivalents (FTE)
Change from
Change from
FTE by
% of DHS
FTE Funded in
FTE Funded in
Component
FTE in the
the FY2023
the FY2022
in the FY2024
FY2024
Annual DHS
Annual DHS

Request
Request
Appropriation
%
Appropriation
%
CBP
65,870
25.6%
2,816
4.5%
5,733
9.5%
TSA
57,606
22.4%
1,413
2.5%
2,425
4.4%
USCG
51,774
20.1%
522
1.0%
1,372
2.7%
USCIS
23,985
9.3%
2,319
10.7%
4,313
21.9%
ICE
22,007
8.5%
1,090
5.2%
646
3.0%
FEMA
16,104
6.3%
1,497
10.2%
2,683
20.0%
USSS
8,303
3.2%
140
1.7%
342
4.3%
MGMT
3,970
1.5%
85
2.2%
183
4.8%
CISA
3,300
1.3%
78
2.4%
645
24.3%
FLETC
1,088
0.4%
3
0.3%
7
0.6%
IASA
1,022
0.4%
76
8.0%
150
17.2%
OSEM
968
0.4%
-7
-0.7%
205
26.9%
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

Change from
Change from
FTE by
% of DHS
FTE Funded in
FTE Funded in
Component
FTE in the
the FY2023
the FY2022
in the FY2024
FY2024
Annual DHS
Annual DHS

Request
Request
Appropriation
%
Appropriation
%
OIG
778
0.3%
0
0.0%
18
2.4%
S&T
565
0.2%
21
3.9%
54
10.6%
CWMD
263
0.1%
11
4.4%
-16
-5.7%
Total
257,603
100.0%
10,064
4.1%
18,760
7.9%
Source: CRS analysis of the “Comparison of Budget Authority and Request” table in the DHS Fiscal Year 2024
Congressional Justifications: Congressional Overview, p. DHS-7.
Notes: Numbers preceded by a “-” are negative. FEMA = Federal Emergency Management Agency; CBP = U.S.
Customs and Border Protection; USCG = U.S. Coast Guard; TSA = Transportation Security Administration; ICE
= U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement; MGMT = Management Directorate; USSS = U.S. Secret Service;
CISA = Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency; USCIS = U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services;
S&T = Science and Technology Directorate; CWMD = Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office; FLETC
= Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers; IASA = Intelligence, Analysis, and Situational Awareness; OSEM =
Office of the Secretary and Executive Management; OIG = Office of Inspector General. USCG totals reflect
civilian personnel and military servicemembers.
Historical data on actual DHS staffing levels can be found in CRS Report R47446, The
Department of Homeland Security: A Primer.
Overview of Selected Component-Level Changes
The following summaries of the budget requests for the selected DHS components are drawn
from a survey of the DHS FY2024 Budget in Brief and the budget justifications for each
component. Each summary begins with two graphics. The first outlines the request for FY2024,
the annual enacted level for FY2023, and the request for FY2023, showing the share of each
component within the whole of DHS. The second outlines the breakdown of the request by
appropriations category as described above. The narrative that follows includes observations on
the contributing factors to the larger changes. The appropriations request amounts include all new
gross discretionary spending requested or enacted for each component. These amounts do not
include supplemental appropriations, emergency funding, or mandatory spending, such as
programs paid for directly by collected fees that have appropriations in permanent law.
As noted above, each component’s Operations and Support appropriation includes discretionary
funding for pay. An average 5.2% civilian and military pay increase was requested for 2024.19
Descriptions of each such appropriation note the impact of these pay increases—as well as the
annualization of personnel costs of other 2023 initiatives and retirement cost adjustments—to
distinguish between such pay increases and other operational funding shifts.

19 Pay increases cover the calendar year, rather the fiscal year. While the pay increase request for 2024 is an increase
over the 4.6% average pay increase federal employees enacted for 2023, and is the largest proposed increase since a
9.1% average pay increase implemented in 1980, some observers noted that the proposal did not keep pace with the
rate of inflation. See Erich Wagner, “Biden Officially Proposes an Average 5.2% Pay Increase for Federal Workers and
the Military in 2024,” Government Executive, March 9, 2023, as downloaded from https://www.govexec.com/pay-
benefits/2023/03/biden-officially-proposes-average-52-pay-increase-federal-workers-and-military-2024/383790/.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

Law Enforcement Operational Components (Title II)
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
Figure 3. CBP Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority, FY2023-FY2024

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2023 and FY2024 DHS Budget in Brief.
Notes: “Other” appropriations include Colombia Free Trade Act col ections and Global Entry user fees
appropriated to CBP and permanent indefinite discretionary spending for CBP services at facilities that pay user
fees. As the projections for these amounts frequently differ between OMB and congressional sources, the
analysis focuses on the Operations and Support and Procurement, Construction, and Improvements
appropriations.
The Administration’s $16.87 billion FY2024 gross annual appropriations request for CBP was
$1.37 billion (-7.5%) below the FY2023 enacted level, and $1.41 billion (+9.1%) above the level
of appropriations originally requested for FY2023. The FY2024 request included:
 $1.77 billion (-10.3%) less than enacted in FY2023 for Operations and Support
(O&S). As noted above, the enacted number for FY2023 was higher than usual
due to additional annual CBP appropriations in Title V for border management
requirements ($1.56 billion), and the addition of $800 million in the
appropriation for a Shelter and Services grant program,20 which was transferred
to FEMA. The FY2024 request included:
o $700 million to cover increased pay and retirement costs and annualization of
pay from prior year initiatives,21 although there are also $91 million in
savings based on a re-analysis of pay requirements in FY2022.22

20 For more information on the Shelter and Services Program, see CRS Insight IN12132, FEMA’s Emergency Food and
Shelter Program-Humanitarian Relief (EFSP-H) and the New Shelter and Services Program (SSP), by Elizabeth M.
Webster.
21 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Fiscal Year 2024 Congressional
Justification, March 13, 2023, p. CBP-OS-10. Available at https://www.dhs.gov/publication/congressional-budget-
justification-fiscal-year-fy-2024. Future references to this document are by page number.
22 p. CBP-OS-16.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

o $77 million to support the hiring of 250 additional Border Patrol Agents, 135
border processing coordinators, 150 CBP Officers, and 121 mission support
personnel;23 and
o $130 million to lower reliance on Department of Defense (DOD) capabilities
at the border, which includes hiring 290 additional mission and operational
support staff for Border Patrol and the Office of Field Operations, 100
additional border patrol agents, and 175 border processing coordinators.24
 $138 million (+23.7%) more than was enacted in FY2023 for Procurement,
Construction, and Improvements. The primary driver of this change from the
FY2023 enacted level is a net $179 million increase in funding for Trade and
Travel Assets and Infrastructure. The largest single program is the Non-Intrusive
Inspection Systems Program with a $305 million request that is more than four
times the enacted FY2023 level of investment.25 The FY2024 request also
included:
o $136 million—a $68 million increase from the FY2023 enacted level—for
deployment of new Integrated Surveillance Towers as part of reducing
dependence on DOD resources;26
o $66 million to improve information integration at four Border Patrol
locations on the southwest border as part of that same initiative;27 and
o $66 million for design and construction of a new Border Patrol Station at
Houlton, ME.28

23 FY2024 Budget in Brief, p. 32.
24 p. CBP-OS-10.
25 p. CBP-PC&I-9.
26 p. CBP-PC&I-37.
27 Ibid.
28 p. CBP-PC&I-118.
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link to page 13

DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
Figure 4. ICE Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority, FY2023-FY2024

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2023 and FY2024 DHS Budget in Brief.
The Administration’s $8.33 billion FY2024 gross annual appropriations request for ICE was $427
million (-4.9%) below the FY2023 enacted level, and $232 million (2.9%) above the level of
appropriations originally requested for FY2023. The FY2024 request included:
 $455 million (-5.2%) less than enacted for Operations and Support (O&S)—
although the enacted number for FY2023 was higher than usual due to additional
annual ICE appropriations in Title V for non-detention border management
requirements ($340 million).
o $268 million of the requested Operations and Support appropriations was to
cover increased pay and retirement costs and annualization of pay from prior
year initiatives.29
o The primary drivers of the reduction in the O&S appropriation were a
reduction of $555 million in detention bed funding, representing a reduction
in support costs for 9,000 individuals in the average population of adult
detainees (reducing that average to 25,000), as well as $97 million from the
Alternatives to Detention Program. The reductions were made in anticipation
that both of these programs would receive funding through the Southwest
Border Contingency Fund.30

29 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Fiscal Year 2024 Congressional
Justification, March 13, 2023, p. ICE-O&S-8. Available at https://www.dhs.gov/publication/congressional-budget-
justification-fiscal-year-fy-2024. Future references to this document are by page number.
30 FY2024 Budget in Brief, p. 39. See “Southwest Border Contingency Fund” for details on the proposed fund
mechanism.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

o This was offset by several increases, including $92 million for rehiring more
than 600 personnel to offset attrition and recruiting challenges,31 and a $60
million increase for third-party medical care costs for detained migrants.32
 $28 million (+119.7%) more than enacted for Procurement, Construction, and
Improvements.
o The increase was largely driven by $35 million in funding for RAVEN (the
Repository for Analytics in a Virtualized ENvironment)—a data
consolidation and analysis initiative targeting transnational criminal
organizations and other homeland security threats.33
o It also included $15 million for repair and improvements at ICE facilities
leased from the U.S. General Services Administration.34
Transportation Security Administration (TSA)
Figure 5. TSA Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority, FY2023-FY2024

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2023 and FY2024 DHS Budget in Brief.

31 p. ICE-O&S-38.
32 p. ICE-O&S-41.
33 p. ICE-PC&I-27.
34 p. ICE-PC&I-39.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

The Administration’s $10.09 billion FY2024 gross annual appropriations request for TSA was
$1.61 billion (+17.4%) above the FY2023 enacted level, and $891 million (+8.9%) above the
level of annual appropriations originally requested for FY2023. The Administration includes a
legislative proposal within their request that would dedicate the Passenger Security Fee collection
to TSA. Currently, a portion of the fee goes to deficit reduction. The Administration indicated
such a proposal would provide an additional $1.52 billion to offset TSA’s operating costs in
FY2024.35 The request also included:
 $1.68 billion (+18.4%) more than was enacted in gross Operations and Support
(O&S) appropriations in FY2023, largely due to $1.14 billion for annualization
of changes in TSA’s personnel system.
o O&S cost increases within the gross appropriation included $1.62 billion to
cover increased pay and retirement costs and annualization of pay from prior
year initiatives.36
o The Administration also proposed $256.7 million in programmatic
reductions, primarily through eliminating TSA exit lane staffing, federal
funding for state and local law enforcement officers at airports, and reducing
TSA funding for canine teams of other agencies.37
 $60 million (-42.6%) less than the FY2023 enacted level of discretionary
appropriations for Procurement, Construction, and Improvements.38 This
reduction includes:
o $35 million (-3.3%) less for Checkpoint Property Screening Systems;39
o $11 million (-50.7%) less for Credential Authentication Technology
systems;40 and
o $13.9 million less for the Electronic Baggage Screening Program,
eliminating procurement funding, as the remaining activities are
operational.41
 $4 million (-12.7%) less than requested and enacted in FY2023 for Research and
Development appropriations.
o This change was due to a $4 million reduction in research funding to develop
ways to accept digital identity documents at airport checkpoints.42

35 Department of Homeland Security, Transportation Security Administration, Fiscal Year 2024 Congressional
Justification, March 13, 2023, p. TSA-APSF-3. Available at https://www.dhs.gov/publication/congressional-budget-
justification-fiscal-year-fy-2024. Future references to this document are by page number.
36 p. TSA-O&S-8.
37 p. TSA-O&S-8.
38 In additional to discretionary appropriations, $250 million would continue to be provided in mandatory
appropriations from the Aviation Security Capital Fund as it has since FY2004.
39 p. TSA-PC&I-13.
40 p. TSA-PC&I-13.
41 p. TSA-PC&I-33.
42 pp. TSA-R&D-25, 26.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

U.S. Coast Guard (USCG)
Figure 6. USCG Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority, FY2023-FY2024

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2023 and FY2024 DHS Budget in Brief.
Notes: “Other” appropriations for the USCG include $270 mil ion in permanent indefinite discretionary
spending for Medicare-eligible military retiree health care and $4 mil ion in offset resources from the USCG
Housing Fund.
The Administration’s $12.06 billion FY2024 gross annual discretionary appropriations request for
the USCG was $421 million (+3.6%) above the FY2023 enacted level, and $516 million (+4.5%)
above the level of appropriations originally requested for FY2023. The request included:
 $523 million (+5.4%) more than was enacted in FY2023 for Operations and
Support.
o This includes $273 million for military and civilian pay increases, as well as
increases to ensure parity in allowances with the Department of Defense.43
o Of the $174 million in net program increases
 $143 million was for follow-on costs for new assets;
 $19 million was for workforce enhancements; and
 $15 million was to improve data analytics capabilities.
o These increases were offset by $29 million in savings from asset
decommissioning.44
 $120 million (-7.2%) less than was enacted in FY2023 for Procurement,
Construction, and Improvements.
o Among USCG Vessel programs, which were $273 million (+29.8%) above
the FY2023 enacted level, the programs with the largest year-to-year shifts in
investment were:

43 Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Coast Guard, Fiscal Year 2024 Congressional Justification, March 13,
2023, p. USCG-O&S-7. Available at https://www.dhs.gov/publication/congressional-budget-justification-fiscal-year-
fy-2024. Future references to this document are by page number.
44 pp. USCG-O&S-7, 8, for all sub-bullets above.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

 Commercially Available Polar Icebreaker—$125 million (+$125 million
from the enacted level, and equal to the FY2023 request);
 Polar Security Cutter—$170 million (+$123 million from the enacted
level, and -$3 million from the FY2023 request);
 Great Lakes Icebreaker—$55 million (this is a new request for FY2024);
 National Security Cutter—$17 million (-$43 million from the FY2023
requested and enacted level);
 Fast Response Cutter—$20 million (-$42 million from the enacted level,
and $4 million above the FY2023 request);45 and
 Polar Sustainment—No request (-$15 million from the FY2023
requested and enacted level), as the Coast Guard indicated the project is
funded to completion).46
o Among USCG Aircraft programs, which were $123 million (-51.7%) below
the FY2023 enacted level, the programs with the largest changes were:
 HC-27J—$74 million (+$24 million from the FY2023 enacted and
requested levels); and
 MH-60T—$30 million (-$137 million from the enacted level, and -$81
million from the FY2023 request).47
o Among USCG Other Acquisition Programs, which were $1 million (1.0%)
above the FY2023 enacted level, the largest changes were:
 CG-Logistics Information Management System—$28 million (+$13
million from the FY2023 requested and enacted levels); and
 Cyber and Enterprise Mission Platform—$25 million (-$9 million from
the enacted level and +$1 million from the FY2023 request).48
o The USCG Shore Facilities and Aids to Navigation activity would receive
$144 million (-$271 million from the FY2023 enacted level).49
 The Administration requested level funding in FY2024 for Research and
Development compared to the FY2023 requested and enacted levels. The
appropriation would maintain funding for individual activities within the
appropriation at the FY2023 enacted levels as well.50

45 p. USCG-PC&I-12, for all sub-bullets above.
46 p. USCG-PC&I-54.
47 p. USCG-PC&I-55.
48 p. USCG-PC&I-77.
49 p. USCG-PC&I-106.
50 p. USCG-R&D-8.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

U.S. Secret Service (USSS)
Figure 7. USSS Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority, FY2023-FY2024

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2023 and FY2024 DHS Budget in Brief.
The Administration’s $3.01 billion FY2024 gross annual discretionary appropriations request for
the USSS was $188 million (+6.6%) above the FY2023 enacted level, and $306 million (+11.3%)
above the level of appropriations originally requested for FY2023. The request included:
 $210 million (+7.7%) more than was enacted in FY2023 for Operations and
Support. The FY2024 request was also $311 million (+11.8%) higher than the
Administration-requested level for FY2023.
o This included $96 million to cover increased pay and retirement costs and
annualization of pay from prior year initiatives.
o Increases for the 2024 Presidential campaign ($157 million) and Secret
Service Hiring ($19 million), which were partially offset by not recurring
$101 million in “plus-ups” and a $10 million reduction for the National
Cybersecurity Forensics Institute.51
 $23 million (-27.2%) less than was enacted for Procurement, Construction, and
Improvements, and $5 million less than was requested for FY2023. This was
driven by an $18 million decrease in Construction and Facility Improvements.52
 A less than $200,000 (+4.8%) increase above the level requested or enacted in
FY2023 for Research and Development. The proposed increase was for
protective systems and weapons testing and an IT innovation program for the
USSS OCIO.53

51 Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Secret Service, Fiscal Year 2024 Congressional Justification, March 13,
2023, p. USSS-O&S-8. Available at https://www.dhs.gov/publication/congressional-budget-justification-fiscal-year-fy-
2024. Future references to this document are by page number.
52 p. USSS-PC&I-3.
53 p. USSS-R&D-8.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

Incident Response and Recovery Operational Components (Title
III)
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA)
Figure 8. CISA Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority, FY2023-FY2024

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2023 and FY2024 DHS Budget in Brief.
The Administration’s $3.06 billion FY2024 annual discretionary appropriations request for CISA
was $149 million (+5.1%) above the FY2023 enacted level, and $546 million (+21.7%) above the
level of appropriations originally requested for FY2023. The request included:
 $116 million (+4.9%) more than was enacted in FY2023 for Operations and
Support. However, the request was $505 million (+25.7%) higher than the
Administration requested for FY2023.
o $32 million was added to cover increased pay and retirement costs and
annualization of pay from prior year initiatives;54
o Mission Support (+$244 million) drove the increase above the FY2023
enacted level—however, reductions in almost all of the other programs,
projects, and activities, led by Cybersecurity ($69 million) and Emergency
Communications ($39 million), offset that increase.55
 $37 million (+6.7%) more than was enacted in FY2023 for Procurement,
Construction, and Improvements (PC&I), largely driven by a $96 million
increase from the enacted level for cybersecurity assets and infrastructure.56
Cybersecurity makes up 96% of the CISA PC&I request.

54 Department of Homeland Security, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Fiscal Year 2024
Congressional Justification, March 13, 2023, p. CISA-O&S-10. Available at https://www.dhs.gov/publication/
congressional-budget-justification-fiscal-year-fy-2024. Future references to this document are by page number.
55 p. CISA-O&S-4.
56 p. CISA-PC&I-4.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

 $3.5 million (-47.1%) less than was enacted in FY2023 for Research and
Development, with the reduction being taken from the Technology Development
and Deployment Program, which develops projects that strengthen the security
and resilience of federal infrastructure, and, when applicable, other critical
infrastructure.57 The Administration requested the same level that it did in
FY2023.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
Figure 9. FEMA Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority, FY2023-FY2024

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2023 and FY2024 DHS Budget in Brief.
Notes: “Other” appropriations for FEMA include $34 mil ion in offset funding for the Radiological Emergency
Preparedness Program and roughly $215 mil ion for National Flood Insurance Program funding offset from
National Flood Insurance Fund col ections.
The Administration’s $25.70 billion FY2024 gross annual discretionary appropriations request for
FEMA was $57 million (+0.2%) above the FY2023 annual enacted level, and $635 million
(+2.5%) above the level of annual appropriations originally requested for FY2023. The request
included:
 $140 million (+10.1%) more than was enacted in FY2023 for Operations and
Support. The FY2023 request was also $141 million (+10.2%) higher than the
Administration-requested level for FY2023.
o $59 million was added to cover increased pay and retirement costs and
annualization of pay from prior year initiatives;58

57 p. CISA-R&D-19.
58 Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Fiscal Year 2024 Congressional
Justification, March 13, 2023, p. FEMA-O&S-9. Available at https://www.dhs.gov/publication/congressional-budget-
justification-fiscal-year-fy-2024. Future references to this document are by page number. This amount also includes
restoration of a one-time $23 million pay reduction.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

o Increases from the FY2023 request included $33 million for grants
management modernization59 and $19 million for cloud services
improvements.60
 $89 million (-42.6%) less than was enacted in FY2022 for Procurement,
Construction, and Improvements. The Administration requested $71 million (-
37.4%) less than it did for FY2023.
o Reductions were largely driven by a reduction in the requested funds for
procurement for grants management modernization (-$36 million), which is
expected to reach full operating capability in early 2024,61 and Mt. Weather
facilities (-$28 million).62
o The only increase in the request was $10 million to develop a new National
Emergency Response Information System, in partnership with DHS Science
and Technology Directorate.63
 $324 million (-8.3%) less than was enacted in FY2023 for Federal Assistance.
The Administration requested $34 million (+1.0%) more than it did for FY2023.
o The Administration proposed increases above their FY2023 requested level
for a variety of preparedness grant programs, including the Shelter and
Services Program (+$84 million); Non-Profit Security Grant Program
(NPSG, +$55 million); the Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity Grant
Program (+$50 million); and the Flood Hazard Mapping and Risk Analysis
Program (+$37 million).64
o The request realigns the Nonprofit Security Grant Program (NSGP) into two
$180 million carveouts of the State Homeland Security Grant Program
(SHSGP) and Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI). While similar to the
past structure of funding for the program, it reverses the FY2023 Act’s
inclusion of NSGP as a separate activity. This means that what appear to be
increases in the funding levels of the SHSGP and UASI programs above the
FY2023 annual enacted levels are topline funding levels that translate into a
combined $167 million reduction for the core SHSGP and UASI grants.65
o In addition, the Administration did not request additional grant funding for
the Next Generation Warning System—a $56 million reduction from the
FY2023 enacted level.66
 $311 million (+1.6%) more than was enacted in annual appropriations for the
DRF for FY2023, and $516 million (+2.6%) more than requested for FY2023.
o The DRF request constituted 78.8% of the FY2024 gross discretionary
budget request for FEMA, and 23.4% of the entire FY2024 gross
discretionary budget request for DHS.

59 p. FEMA-O&S-31.
60 pp. FEMA-O&S-26, 27.
61 p. FEMA-PC&I-49.
62 p. FEMA-PC&I-8.
63 p. FEMA-PC&I-25. This is a replacement for the current National Fire Incident Reporting System, hence the title.
64 p. FEMA-FA-7.
65 p. FEMA-FA-28.
66 p. FEMA-FA-99.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

o $20.11 billion of the request was for the portion of the DRF that pays costs
associated with major disasters,67 including:
 $5.09 billion for costs associated with the COVID-19 pandemic response
(the Administration had projected $5.73 billion for FY2023);
 $6.01 billion for costs associated with hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and
Maria (the Administration had projected $3.56 billion for FY2023);
 $1.72 billion for the costs of other past catastrophic disasters68 (the
Administration had projected $1.71 billion for FY2023); and
 $2.88 billion for the projected costs of non-catastrophic major disasters
(the Administration had projected $2.54 billion for FY2023).69
o The $20.11 billion also included a $2 billion reserve for initial response
operations for new “significant events,” and a $1 billion set-aside for pre-
disaster mitigation through the Building Resilient Infrastructure and
Communities (BRIC) grant program, offset by the projected recovery of $2.4
billion in deobligated DRF funds.70
o The portion of the DRF that pays the costs of Stafford Act programs not
directly associated with specific major disaster declarations is known as the
“DRF base.” For the first time since FY2021, the request included $145
million to pay for a portion of those costs, projected at $759 million for
FY2024. The remainder of the base costs would be paid for from unobligated
balances of prior year appropriations and projected recoveries.71

67 p. FEMA-DRF-3.
68 FEMA defines “catastrophic disasters” as those that will cost the DRF more than $500 million.
69 Federal Emergency Management Agency, Disaster Relief Fund: Fiscal Year 2024 Funding Requirements, March 13,
2023, p. 7. Available at https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/documents/fema_disaster-relief-fund-fy2024-funding-
requirements.pdf.
70 The BRIC program is funded by a statutorily mandated set-aside from the DRF equal to 6% of the “estimated
aggregate amount” of certain Stafford Act major disaster grants associated with each major disaster declaration. For
more details on the BRIC program, see CRS Report R46989, FEMA Hazard Mitigation: A First Step Toward Climate
Adaptation, by Diane P. Horn.
71 p. FEMA-DRF-20.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

Support Components (Title IV)
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)
Figure 10. USCIS Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority, FY2023-FY2024

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2023 and FY2024 DHS Budget in Brief.
The Administration’s $865 million FY2024 gross annual discretionary appropriations request for
USCIS was $597 million (+222.9%) above the FY2023 enacted level, and $48 million (+5.3%)
below the level of annual appropriations originally requested for FY2023. The request included:
 $855 million for USCIS Operations and Support, $612 million (+252.0%) more
than was enacted in FY2023 annual appropriations. The FY2023 request was $48
million (-5.4%) less than the Administration requested for FY2023.
o $6 million was added to cover increased pay and retirement costs and
annualization of pay from prior year initiatives; and
o $342 million was added above the FY2023 annual enacted level for asylum
adjudications, and $264 million for backlog reduction.72
 $10 million for the USCIS Federal Assistance in FY2023, which goes to
Citizenship and Integration Grants. This represented $15 million less than
enacted in FY2023 annual appropriations, but no change from the FY2023
requested level.73

72 Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Fiscal Year 2024 Congressional
Justification, March 13, 2023, p. CIS-O&S-6. Available at https://www.dhs.gov/publication/congressional-budget-
justification-fiscal-year-fy-2024.
73 p. USCIS-FA-3.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

Mandatory Spending Share Shifts at USCIS
The FY2024 budget request continued to show a deviation from the historical pattern of USCIS funding. From
FY2016-FY2021, USCIS received roughly 97% of its budget from mandatory spending, which was also in line with
the general trend of prior years. Most discretionary appropriations were provided specifically for the E-Verify
program. However, immigration policies of the Donald J. Trump Administration and the response to the COVID-
19 pandemic resulted in significant reductions in USCIS fee col ections, and discussions of potential staff furloughs
in light of the decreased revenues.
The Biden Administration’s FY2022 budget request proposed $345 mil ion in Operations and Support
appropriations to support application processing, anticipating 91% of the USCIS budget coming from mandatory
spending of fee revenues. The FY2023 request continued that trend, with the share funded through mandatory
spending falling to less than 80%, due to a combination of projected depressed fee revenues and increased
appropriations to compensate for them and address processing backlogs. For FY2024, while the discretionary
appropriations request remained high to increase adjudication throughput, the anticipated percentage of fee
revenues outlined in the request rebounded to 87%, with projected fee revenues 14.6% higher than in FY2022.
Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers (FLETC)
Figure 11. FLETC Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority, FY2023-FY2024

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2023 and FY2024 DHS Budget in Brief.
The Administration’s $379 million FY2023 annual discretionary appropriations request for
FLETC was $27 million (-6.7%) below the FY2023 enacted level, and $17 million (-4.4%) below
the level of appropriations originally requested for FY2023. FLETC also anticipated receiving
$223 million in reimbursements for training and facilities use from those it serves.74 The request
included:
 $5 million (+1.3%) more than enacted in FY2023 for Operations and Support, $4
million (+1.1%) more than was requested in FY2023.

74 Department of Homeland Security, Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers, Fiscal Year 2024 Congressional
Justification, March 13, 2023, p. FLETC-6. Available at https://www.dhs.gov/publication/congressional-budget-
justification-fiscal-year-fy-2024. Future references to this document are by page number.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

o $9 million was added to cover increased pay and retirement costs and
annualization of pay from prior year initiatives.
o This was offset by almost $6 million in reductions from non-recurring
projects.75
 $32 million (-61.3%) less than enacted in FY2023 for Procurement,
Construction, and Improvements, $21 million (-51.3%) less than requested in
FY2023. The $20 million request includes resources for several projects:
o $15 million for four projects at Glynco, GA; and
o $5 million for skid pad rehabilitation and restoration at Cheltenham, MD.76
Science and Technology Directorate (S&T)
Figure 12. S&T Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority, FY2023-FY2024

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2023 and FY2024 DHS Budget in Brief.
The Administration’s $887 million FY2024 annual discretionary appropriations request for S&T
was $13 million (-1.5%) below the FY2023 enacted level, and $14 million (-1.6%) below the
level of appropriations originally requested for FY2023. The request included:
 $12 million (-3.1%) less than was enacted in FY2023 for Operations and
Support, $19 million (+5.4%) more than the Administration requested for
FY2023.
o $11 million was added to cover increased pay and retirement costs and
annualization of pay from prior year initiatives.77

75 p. FLETC-O&S-6.
76 p. FLETC-PCI-6.
77 Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Fiscal Year 2024 Congressional
Justification, March 13, 2023, p. S&T-O&S-7. Available at https://www.dhs.gov/publication/congressional-budget-
justification-fiscal-year-fy-2024. Future references to this document are by page number.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

o These additional costs were more than offset by a $15 million reduction in
the Acquisition and Operations Analysis activity below the FY2023 enacted
level.78
 $23 million (+42.3%) more than was enacted in FY2023 for Procurement,
Construction, and Improvements, but $11 million (-12.2%) less than was
requested for FY2023.
o A $26 million reduction from the enacted level for critical repair and
replacement requirements was offset by a $20 million increase for Plum
Island closure costs and a $29 million increase for the design and
construction of the Detection Sciences Testing and Applied Research Facility
in Atlantic City, NJ.79
 The Administration requested $25 million (-5.3%) less than was enacted in
FY2023 for Research and Development, $22 million (-4.8%) less than was
requested for FY2023.
o The largest changes were within the Research, Development, and Innovation
subappropriation, where an $18 million (+21.7%) increase in the Border
Security Thrust Area and $6 million (+27.9%) increase for the Chemical,
Biological, and Explosive Defense Thrust Area were offset by a $27 million
(-48.2%) reduction in the First Responder / Disaster Resilience Thrust Area,
and smaller reductions elsewhere.80
Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office (CWMD)
Figure 13. CWMD Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority, FY2023-FY2024

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2023 and FY2024 DHS Budget in Brief.

78 p. S&T-O&S-3
79 pp. S&T-PC&I-3, 8.
80 pp. S&T-R&D-3, 8.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

The Administration’s $428 million discretionary appropriations request for CWMD was $3
million (-0.7%) below the FY2023 enacted level, and $1 million (-0.2%) below the level of
appropriations originally requested for FY2023. The request included:
 $12 million (+8.1%) more than was requested or enacted in FY2023 for
Operations and Support.
o $3 million was added to cover increased pay and retirement costs and
annualization of pay from prior year initiatives.81
 $33 million (-43.7%) less than was enacted in FY2023 for Procurement,
Construction, and Improvements, $13 million (-23.4%) less than was requested
for FY2023.
o This was largely driven by a $30 million (-46.1%) reduction in funding from
the FY2023 request for large-scale detection systems.82
 $4 million (-5.7%) less than was enacted in annual appropriations for FY2023 for
Research and Development, $22 million (-26.1%) less than was requested for
FY2023.
o This reduction was largely driven by a $10 million (-40.2%) reduction in
funding for biological agent detection capability development.83
 $21 million (+15.3%) more than was requested or enacted in annual
appropriations for FY2023 for Federal Assistance, largely driven by a $18
million increase above the FY2023 enacted level for BioWatch threat-based
program enhancements.84

81 Department of Homeland Security, Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction, Fiscal Year 2024 Congressional
Justification, March 13, 2023, p. CWMD-O&S-6. Available at https://www.dhs.gov/publication/congressional-budget-
justification-fiscal-year-fy-2024. Future references to this document are by page number.
82 p. CWMD-PC&I-3.
83 p. CWMD-R&D-3.
84 pp. CWMD-FA-3, 9.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

Headquarters Components (Title I)
Office of the Secretary and Executive Management (OSEM)
Figure 14. OSEM Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority, FY2023-FY2024

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2023 and FY2024 DHS Budget in Brief.
The Administration’s $328 million discretionary appropriations request for OSEM was $57
million (-14.7%) below the FY2023 enacted level, and $12 million (+3.8%) above the level of
appropriations originally requested for FY2023. The request included:
 $44 million (-13.0%) less than the FY2023 annual enacted level for Operations
and Support, $12 million (+3.8%) above the level of appropriations originally
requested for FY2023.
o $23 million was added to cover increased pay and retirement costs and
annualization of pay from prior year initiatives, which was offset in part by a
$5 million reduction due to projected attrition and hiring timelines.85
o The reductions from the enacted level were largely driven by reductions in
baseline funding for the Office of Health Services, DHS Child Well-Being
Program, and Office of Immigration Detention Ombudsman ($33 million).86
 The Administration had no request under OSEM for Procurement, Construction,
and Improvements, after receiving an $8 million annual appropriation in FY2023
for the Medical Information Exchange Program.87
 $5 million (-12.5%) less than the FY2023 annual enacted level for Federal
Assistance, $10 million (+40.0%) more than was requested for FY2023:

85 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of the Secretary and Executive Management, Fiscal Year 2024
Congressional Justification, March 13, 2023, pp. OSEM-O&S-6, 10. Available at https://www.dhs.gov/publication/
congressional-budget-justification-fiscal-year-fy-2023. Future references to this document are by page number.
86 pp. OSEM-O&S-20, 21.
87 The request indicates the program will reach initial operating capacity in FY2023, so funding ($5 million) is
requested for Operations and Support (see p. OSEM-O&S-14).
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

o $20 million for Targeted Violence and Terrorism Prevention Grants; and
o $15 million for the Alternatives to Detention Case Management Pilot
Program—this initiative received $20 million in annual FY2023
appropriations.
o While the programs are overseen by OSEM, as in FY2023, this funding
would be transferred to FEMA for execution.88
Departmental Management Directorate (MGMT)
Figure 15. MGMT Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority, FY2023-FY2024

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2023 and FY2024 DHS Budget in Brief.
Note: “Other” reflects the request for the Federal Protective Service, which is paid for by offsetting fee
col ections.
The Administration’s $4.65 billion FY2024 gross annual appropriations request for the
Management Directorate was $466 million (11.1%) above the FY2023 annual enacted level, and
$209 million (+4.7%) above the level of appropriations originally requested for FY2023. This
gross total includes a $91 million increase for the Federal Protective Service, part of an overall
budget of $2.20 billion, which would be offset by fee collections, as in prior years.89 The request
also included:
 $10 million (-0.6%) less than was enacted in FY2023 for the Operations and
Support (O&S) appropriation, $20 million (-1.1%) less than was requested for
FY2023.
o $42 million to cover increased pay and retirement costs and annualization of
pay from prior year initiatives,90 which was offset in part by $6 million in

88 p. OSEM-FA-3.
89 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Management Directorate, Fiscal Year 2024 Congressional Justification,
March 13, 2023, p. MGMT-7. Available at https://www.dhs.gov/publication/congressional-budget-justification-fiscal-
year-fy-2024. Future references to this document are by page number.
90 pp. MGMT-O&S-8, 9.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

savings due to re-estimation of personnel costs for a net total of $36
million;91
o Several smaller initiatives were included:
 $10 million in increases for two initiatives to improve customer
service;92
 $11 million for increases to two initiatives to improve DHS workforce
vetting and insider threat identification;93 and
 $6 million in additional funding for increased operations of the
Homeland Advanced Recognition Technology (HART) biometric
identity system.94
o These were offset by $36 million in savings due to transition from the
existing biometric database system to the HART system95 and $15 million in
savings with the conclusion of a telecommunications and IT infrastructure
services migration.96
 $385 million (+118.4%) more than was enacted in FY2023 for the Procurement,
Construction, and Improvement appropriation, $138 million (+24.1%) more than
was requested for FY2023. The request is split into three categories:
o $526 million for Construction and Facility Improvements, $338 million
above the FY2023 enacted level. This included:
 $264 million ($76 million more than enacted) for investments in
consolidating DHS headquarters facilities within the National Capital
Region:
 $195 million for construction of new facilities at St. Elizabeths;97
 $46 million for consolidating remaining DHS management offices
and FEMA into a single location;98 and
 $23 million to reconfigure the CBP presence in the Ronald Reagan
Building to consolidate their entire headquarters there.99
 $165 million for the construction of a third Joint Processing Center on
the southwest border;100 and
 $97 million for Construction and Facility Improvement End Items.101

91 p. MGMT-O&S-14.
92 pp. MGMT-O&S-20, 21, 29.
93 pp. MGMT-O&S-25, 29, 30.
94 p. MGMT-O&S-24.
95 p. MGMT-O&S-24.
96 pp. MGMT-O&S-21, 22.
97 pp. MGMT-PC&I-16 through 22. This is complemented by $193 million in the General Services Administration
budget request. See U.S. General Services Administration, FY 2024 Congressional Justification, March 13, 2024, p.
FBF-21. Available at https://www.gsa.gov/reference/reports/budget-performance/annual-budget-requests.
98 pp. MGMT-PC&I-22 through 24.
99 pp. MGMT-PC&I-24 through 27.
100 p. MGMT-PC&I-28.
101 p. MGMT-PC&I-14.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

o $174 million for Mission Support Assets and Infrastructure, $57 million
above the FY2023 enacted level. This included a $56 million (+65%)
increase for Financial Systems Modernization.102
o $10 million for the Office of Biometric Identity Management, $11 million
below the FY2023 enacted level.103
Intelligence, Analysis, and Situational Awareness (IASA)104
Figure 16. IASA Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority, FY2023-FY2024

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2023 and FY2024 DHS Budget in Brief.
The Administration’s $373 million FY2024 annual discretionary appropriations request for IASA
was $57 million (+17.9%) above the FY2023 enacted level, and $32 million (+9.4%) above the
FY2023 requested level for annual appropriations. Most of the details of the IASA budget are
classified.
 The request included a $22 million increase to cover increased pay and
retirement costs and annualization of pay from prior year initiatives.105

102 pp. MGMT-PC&I-41 through 47.
103 p. MGMT-PC&I-59.
104 Although the request refers to “Analysis and Operations,” the FY2023 DHS Appropriations Act refers to this
component as “Intelligence, Analysis, and Situational Awareness.”
105 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Analysis and Operations, Fiscal Year 2024 Congressional Justification,
March 13, 2023, p. A&O-O&S-6. Available at https://www.dhs.gov/publication/congressional-budget-justification-
fiscal-year-fy-2023.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

Office of Inspector General (OIG)
Figure 17. OIG Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority, FY2023-FY2024

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2023 and FY2024 DHS Budget in Brief. Does not include supplemental advance
appropriations made available by P.L. 117-58, Div. J, Section 501.
The Administration’s $228 million FY2024 annual gross discretionary appropriations request for
the OIG was $13 million (+6.3%) above the requested and enacted levels of FY2023 annual
appropriations. The request included:
 $8 million in additional funding to cover increased pay and retirement costs and
annualization of pay from prior year initiatives; and
 $5 million in additional funding to support implementation of “zero trust”
network architecture.106
The budget justification notes that the OIG submitted a funding request that included an
additional $9 million in program growth, covering:
 $2.6 million for information technology audits;
 $2.3 million to expand the capacity of its offices to conduct investigations;
 $3.6 million to implement business process and IT systems modernization; and
 $0.8 million to augment the Office of Integrity’s quality control division.107

106 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Inspector General, Fiscal Year 2024 Congressional Justification,
March 13, 2023, p. OIG-O&S-7. Available at https://www.dhs.gov/publication/congressional-budget-justification-
fiscal-year-fy-2024.
107 p. OIG-O&S-4.
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

Appendix A. List of Abbreviations
Abbreviation or Acronym
Meaning
A&O
Intelligence Analysis and Operations Support
IASA
Intelligence Analysis and Situational Awareness
CAS
Common Appropriations Structure
CBO
Congressional Budget Office
CBP
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
CISA
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency
CRS
Congressional Research Service
CWMD
Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office
DHS
U.S. Department of Homeland Security
DRF
Disaster Relief Fund
FA
Federal Assistance
FEMA
Federal Emergency Management Agency
FLETC
Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers
FPS
Federal Protective Service
GAO
Government Accountability Office
HSA
Homeland Security Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-296)
ICE
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
MGMT
Management Directorate
NFIF
National Flood Insurance Fund
NPPD
National Protection and Programs Directorate
OBIM
Office of Biometric Identity Management
OIG
Office of Inspector General
OMB
Office of Management and Budget
OSEM
Office of the Secretary and Executive Management
O&S
Operations and Support
PC&I
Procurement, Construction, and Improvements
PID
Permanent indefinite discretionary spending
REPP
Radiological Emergency Preparedness Program
R&D
Research and Development
S&T
Science and Technology Directorate
TSA
Transportation Security Administration
USCG
U.S. Coast Guard
USCIS
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
USSS
U.S. Secret Service

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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

Appendix B. CRS Experts
Table B-1. CRS Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Experts
Area of Expertise
Name
Phone
Email
Coordinator, Department of
Wil iam L. Painter
7-3335
wpainter@crs.loc.gov
Homeland Security; Cross-cutting
Issues; Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA)
Disaster Relief Fund (DRF)
Departmental Management,
Barbara L. Schwemle
7-8655
bschwemle@crs.loc.gov
Personnel Issues
Analysis and Operations
Lisa Sacco
7-7359
lsacco@crs.loc.gov
Office of Inspector General
Ben Wilhelm
7-8037
bwilhelm@crs.loc.gov
U.S. Customs and Border
Abigail Kolker
7-2802
akolker@crs.loc.gov
Protection (CBP) Office of Field
Operations (at Ports of Entry)
Immigration and Customs
Hol y Straut-Eppsteiner
7-9178
hstrauteppsteiner@crs.loc.gov
Enforcement; CBP Border Patrol
(between Ports of Entry)
Transportation Security
Bart Elias
7-7771
belias@crs.loc.gov
Administration; Aviation Security
U.S. Coast Guard (USCG),
Alan Ott
7-1344
aott@crs.loc.gov
Personnel and Administration
USCG Health Care
Bryce H.P. Mendez
7-1577
bhmendez@crs.loc.gov
USCG Shipbuilding
Ronald O'Rourke
7-7610
rorourke@crs.loc.gov
USCG, Maritime Transportation
John Frittelli
7-7033
jfrittelli@crs.loc.gov
U.S. Secret Service; Federal
Shawn Reese
7-0635
sreese@crs.loc.gov
Protective Service; FEMA
Preparedness Grants
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure
Chris Jaikaran
7-0750
cjaikaran@crs.loc.gov
Security Agency (CISA),
Cybersecurity
CISA, Infrastructure Protection;
Brian E. Humphreys
7-0975
bhumphreys@crs.loc.gov
FEMA, Fire Grants and U.S. Fire
Administration
Office of Countering Weapons of
Frank Gottron
7-5854
fgottron@crs.loc.gov
Mass Destruction
FEMA, Disaster Response /
Elizabeth Webster
7-9197
ewebster@crs.loc.gov
Recovery; Individual Assistance
Program
FEMA, Mitigation Programs and
Diane P. Horn
7-3472
dhorn@crs.loc.gov
National Flood Insurance Program
FEMA, Disaster Response /
Erica Lee
7-3829
ealee@crs.loc.gov
Recovery; Public Assistance
Program
Disaster Declarations
Bruce R. Lindsay
7-3752
blindsay@crs.loc.gov
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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration
Wil iam A. Kandel
7-4703
wkandel@crs.loc.gov
Services
Science and Technology Directorate Daniel Morgan
7-5849
dmorgan@crs.loc.gov

Author Information

William L. Painter

Specialist in Homeland Security and Appropriations

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