Contents

• FY2025 Consideration: Overview of Actions
• Status of FY2025 Appropriations: Dates and Documents
• Submission of FY2025 Budget Request on March 11, 2024
• Senate and House Hearings on the FY2025 Budget Requests
• House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch, Markup of FY2025 Bill
• House Appropriations Committee Markup of the FY2025 Bill (H.R. 8772, H.Rept. 118-555)
• Special Rule for Consideration of H.R. 8772 (H.Res. 1341)
• House Consideration and Failure on Passage of H.R. 8772
• Consideration of 302(b) Levels
• Senate Appropriations Committee Markup of FY2025 Bill (S. 4678, S.Rept. 118-192)
• FY2025 Continuing Appropriations Resolutions (CRs) Enacted
• Funding in Prior Years: Brief Overview and Trends
• FY2025 Legislative Branch Funding Issues
• Senate
• Overall Funding
• Senate Committee Funding
• Senators' Official Personnel and Office Expense Account
• House of Representatives
• Overall Funding
• House Committee Funding
• Members' Representational Allowance
• Compensation of Interns
• Support Agency Funding
• U.S. Capitol Police (USCP)
• Office of Congressional Workplace Rights (OCWR)
• Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
• Architect of the Capitol (AOC)
• Library of Congress (LOC)
• Government Publishing Office (GPO)
• Government Accountability Office (GAO)
• Congressional Office for International Leadership (COIL; Formerly Open World Leadership Center)
• John C. Stennis Center for Public Service Training and Development
• General Provisions
• Introduction to Summary Tables and Appendix

Summary

The legislative branch appropriations bill provides funding for the Senate; House of Representatives; Joint Items; Capitol Police; Office of Congressional Workplace Rights; Congressional Budget Office (CBO); Architect of the Capitol (AOC); Library of Congress (LOC), including the Congressional Research Service (CRS); Government Publishing Office (GPO); Government Accountability Office (GAO); Congressional Office for International Leadership (COIL); and John C. Stennis Center.

The FY2025 Budget Appendix volume was submitted on March 11, 2024 ($7.256 billion, +7.4% from the FY2024 enacted level, including a budget amendment submitted on May 22, which would decrease the legislative branch request by $4.3 million, Title I only). The House and Senate Legislative Branch Appropriations Subcommittees held hearings on the requests in April and May. On May 23, 2024, the House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch, held a markup of the FY2025 bill and ordered it reported by voice vote. On June 13, 2024, the full House Appropriations Committee marked up the bill and ordered it reported by roll call vote (Roll no. 2, 33-24) (H.R. 8772, H.Rept. 118-555). The House-reported bill would have provided $5.545 billion, not including Senate items, a $189.2 million increase (+3.5%) from the comparable FY2024 enacted level. The House Rules Committee met to discuss a rule for consideration of H.R. 8772 on July 8, 2024. The House adopted the special rule (H.Res. 1341, H.Rept. 118-578) on July 9, 2024 (Roll no. 339, 205-201). The House debated H.R. 8772 on July 11, 2024. Four amendments were considered, and 3 roll call votes were held. H.R. 8772 failed to pass in the House (205-213; Roll no. 352). On July 11, 2024, the Senate Appropriations Committee held a markup of the FY2025 legislative branch appropriations bill. The committee ordered the bill reported by a vote of 27-0. The bill, as amended, would have provided $4.913 billion (not including House items), a $181.1 million increase (+3.8%) from the comparable FY2024 enacted level.

Legislative branch funding for FY2025 was initially provided by continuing appropriations resolutions (P.L. 118-83, through December 20, 2024; and P.L. 118-158, through March 14, 2025). On March 15, 2025, the President signed H.R. 1968—the Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025—into law (P.L. 119-4). Division A of the act provided for a continuation of FY2024 funding levels, under the same authorities and conditions, with some anomalies.

Previously

• The FY2024 level of $6.749 billion represented a decrease of $157.7 million, or -2.3%, when compared to the "grand total" for FY2023; or a decrease of $144.0 million, or -2.1%, when considering Title I only.
• The FY2023 level of $6.899 billion (not including supplemental appropriations of $7.5 million) represented an increase of $975.2 million (+16.5%) from the FY2022 level.
• The FY2022 level of $5.924 billion represented an increase of $618.8 million (+11.7%) from the FY2021 level, not including the FY2021 supplemental.
• The FY2021 level of $5.304 billion represented an increase of $255.0 million (+5.1%) from the FY2020 level, not including the FY2021 supplemental.
• The FY2020 level of $5.049 billion represented an increase of $202.8 million (+4.2%) from the FY2019 level, not including the FY2020 supplemental.
• The FY2019 level of $4.836 billion represented an increase of $136.0 million (+2.9%) from FY2018, not including the FY2019 supplemental.
• The FY2018 level of $4.700 billion represented an increase of $260.0 million (+5.9%) from FY2017.
• The FY2017 level of $4.440 billion represented an increase of $77.0 million (+1.7%) from FY2016.
• The FY2016 level of $4.363 billion represented an increase of $63.0 million (+1.5%) from FY2015.
• The FY2015 level of $4.300 billion represented an increase of $41.7 million (+1.0%) from FY2014.
• The FY2014 level of $4.259 billion represented an increase of $198 million (+4.9%) from FY2013.
• The FY2013 level of $4.061 billion represented a decrease of $246 million (-5.6%), including the sequestration and rescission, from FY2012.

The smallest of the appropriations bills, the legislative branch bill comprises approximately 0.4% of total discretionary budget authority.

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FY2025 Consideration: Overview of Actions

The first section of this report provides an overview of the consideration of FY2025 legislative branch appropriations, with subsections covering each action, including

• the initial submission of the request on March 11, 2024 ($7.256 billion, +7.4%, including a budget amendment submitted May 22, 2023, which decreased the total legislative branch request by $4.3 million, Title I only);
• hearings held by the House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch and the Senate Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch, in April and May 2024;
• a markup of the FY2025 legislative branch appropriations bill by the House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch on May 23, 2024;
• a markup of the FY2025 legislative branch appropriations bill on June 13, 2024, by the House Appropriations Committee, which ordered it to be reported by roll call vote (H.R. 8772, H.Rept. 118-555);
• action on a special rule for the consideration of H.R. 8772 (H.Res. 1341) on July 9, 2024;
• House floor consideration and failure to pass H.R. 8772 on July 11, 2024;
• consideration of the suballocation of budget allocations in the Senate Appropriations Committee on July 11, 2024;
• a markup on July 11, 2024, of the FY2025 legislative branch appropriations bill by the Senate Appropriations Committee, which ordered it reported by a vote of 27-0 (S. 4678, S.Rept. 118-192);
• the enactment of continuing appropriations resolutions providing initial funding for the legislative branch for FY2025 (P.L. 118-83, through December 20, 2024; and P.L. 118-158, through March 14, 2025);
• the provision of $10.0 million for GAO "for audits and investigations related to Hurricanes Helene and Milton, and other disasters declared pursuant to the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) in calendar years 2023 and 2024" (Division B, Title IX of P.L. 118-158); and
• the enactment, on March 15, 2025, of P.L. 119-4, the Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025. Division A of the act provides for a continuation of FY2024 funding levels, under the same authorities and conditions, with some anomalies.

It is followed by a section on prior-year actions and funding, which contains a historical table and figure.

The report then provides an overview of the FY2025 budget requests of individual legislative branch agencies and entities.

Table 5 through Table 9 list enacted funding levels for FY2024, and funding levels in the FY2025 request, the House-reported bill, the Senate-reported bill, and P.L. 119-4, while the Appendix lists House, Senate, and conference bills and reports; public law numbers; and enactment dates since FY1998.

Status of FY2025 Appropriations: Dates and Documents

Submission of FY2025 Budget Request on March 11, 2024

The FY2025 Budget Appendix volume, which includes the legislative branch budget request, was submitted on March 11, 2024.

The budget included a note accompanying each account addressing timing, since the FY2025 budget submission occurred prior to the enactment of FY2024 funding on March 23, 2024. The paragraph stated¹

Note.—A full-year 2024 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act (Division A of Public Law 118-15, as amended). The amounts included for 2024 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Additionally, as explained annually by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)²

The budget covers the agencies of all three branches of Government—Executive, Legislative, and Judicial—and provides information on Government-sponsored enterprises. In accordance with law or established practice, OMB includes information on agencies of the Legislative Branch, the Judicial Branch, and certain Executive Branch agencies as submitted by those agencies without change.

The independence of the submissions by the legislative branch agencies and entities is codified in Title 31, Section 1105, of the U.S. Code, which states the following:³

Estimated expenditures and proposed appropriations for the legislative branch and the judicial branch to be included in each budget ... shall be submitted to the President ... and included in the budget by the President without change.

Furthermore, Division C of the FY2012 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 112-74) added language to Title 31, Section 1107, relating to budget amendments, stating the following:

The President shall transmit promptly to Congress without change, proposed deficiency and supplemental appropriations submitted to the President by the legislative branch and the judicial branch.

On May 22, 2024, the President submitted a budget amendment, which stated⁴

This transmittal also contains one FY 2025 Budget amendment for the Legislative Branch. As a matter of comity and tradition, this appropriations request for the Legislative Branch is transmitted without change. This amendment would decrease by $4 million the overall discretionary budget authority in my FY 2025 Budget.

The budget amendment addressed the Office of Congressional Accessibility Services (a revised request of $1.8 million).

The revised FY2025 budget contained a request for $7.256 billion in new budget authority for legislative branch activities (+7.4%).⁵

Senate and House Hearings on the FY2025 Budget Requests

Table 2 lists the dates of hearings of the legislative branch subcommittees. Prepared statements of witnesses were posted on the subcommittee websites.

House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch, Markup of FY2025 Bill

On May 23, 2024, the House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch, held a markup of the FY2025 bill. The subcommittee recommended $5.545 billion, a $189.2 million increase (+3.5%) from the comparable 2024 enacted level, not including Senate items (which are historically considered by the Senate and not included in the House bill).

No amendments were offered, and the bill was ordered to be reported to the full committee by voice vote.

House Appropriations Committee Markup of the FY2025 Bill (H.R. 8772, H.Rept. 118-555)

The House Appropriations Committee held a markup on June 13, 2024.

The bill was ordered to be reported by recorded vote (33-24). The House-reported bill would have provided $5.545 billion in discretionary appropriations, an increase of $189.2 million (or +3.5%).

A number of amendments were considered:⁶

• A manager's amendment, offered by Subcommittee Chair David Valadao, to add one gratuity payment; make adjustments to the Capitol Police, Architect of the Capitol, and Library of Congress (related to reimbursable and revolving fund activities) line items; add a general provision prohibiting the scheduled January 2025 Member pay adjustment; and make changes to the accompanying draft committee report, which was adopted by voice vote.
• An amendment, offered by Representative Espaillat, which would have restored funding for the House Office of Diversity and Inclusion, struck specified administrative and general provisions, and added a general provision related to plastic waste reduction. This amendment was not adopted (24-32).
• An amendment, offered by Representative Aguilar, which would have added a general provision to permit funds in the act to be used to employ individuals with an employment authorization document under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) Program, was not adopted (voice vote).
• An amendment, offered by Representative Morelle, related to the establishment of an Office of the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer within the Office of the Chief Administrative Officer of the House, which was withdrawn.
• An amendment, offered by Representative Morelle, related to amounts collected pursuant to an order of restitution, which was withdrawn.

Special Rule for Consideration of H.R. 8772 (H.Res. 1341)

The House Rules Committee met to discuss a rule for consideration of H.R. 8772 on July 8, 2024.

A total of 44 proposed amendments to the legislative branch bill were submitted. The special rule made 4 of these proposed amendments in order for consideration on the floor.

In considering the special rule, the House Rules Committee held 3 votes:⁷

• Rules Committee record vote No. 256. A motion "by Ms. Scanlon to amend the rule to make in order amendment #30 to H.R. 8772, offered by Representative Jackson Lee, which strikes section 212, prohibiting the use of funds for purposes of DEI. Defeated: 3-8."
• Rules Committee record vote No. 257. A motion "by Ms. Leger Fernandez to amend the rule to make in order amendment #10 to H.R. 8772, offered by Representative Davids, which strikes section 213. Defeated: 3-8."
• Rules Committee record vote No. 258. A motion "by Mr. Reschenthaler to report the rule. Adopted: 8-3."

H.Res. 1341 (H.Rept. 118-578), which also provided for the consideration of four measures in addition to the legislative branch bill, was agreed to in the House on July 9, 2024 (Roll no. 339, 205-201).

House Consideration and Failure on Passage of H.R. 8772

The House debated H.R. 8772 on July 11, 2024.

Pursuant to the provisions of H.Res. 1341, the amendments printed in H.Rept. 118-578 were in order.

The House considered four amendments and held roll call votes on three of them:

• 1. An amendment offered by Representative Huizenga, which would have prohibited the use of funds in the act for the Congressional Office of International Leadership. The amendment failed (169-240, Roll no. 348).
• 2. An amendment offered by Representative Ogles (and managed in the House by Representative Self), which would have prohibited the use of funds in the act to impose a COVID-19 mask mandate. This amendment was agreed to by voice vote.
• 3. An amendment offered by Representative Self, which would have prohibited funds in the act from going toward the charging of electric vehicles in the Capitol Complex. The amendment failed (149-262, Roll no. 349).
• 4. An amendment offered by Representative Jackson (TX), which would have reduced funding for the Office of the Attending Physician to FY2020 levels. The amendment failed (128-289, Roll no. 350).

A motion to recommit failed (206-211, Roll no. 351).

H.R. 8772 failed on passage in the House (205-213, Roll no. 352).

Consideration of 302(b) Levels

The Senate Appropriations Committee approved its initial 302(b) suballocations on July 11, 2024. The plan would include $7.000 billion in discretionary budget authority for the legislative branch. This is equivalent to 0.4% of total discretionary budget authority and 1.0% of nonsecurity discretionary budget authority (S.Rept. 118-190).

Senate Appropriations Committee Markup of FY2025 Bill (S. 4678, S.Rept. 118-192)

On July 11, 2024, the Senate Appropriations Committee held a markup of the FY2025 legislative branch appropriations bill. The bill was ordered reported by a vote of 27-0.

One amendment was adopted during the markup, which amended bill language in Section 208 of the general provisions "to remove the ability for legislative branch agencies to seek a waiver" related to telecommunications equipment procurement.⁸

The bill, as amended, would have provided $4.913 billion (not including House items). This level represents a $181.1 million increase (+3.8%) from the comparable FY2024 enacted level.

FY2025 Continuing Appropriations Resolutions (CRs) Enacted

Legislative branch funding was initially provided by continuing appropriations resolutions (P.L. 118-83, through December 20, 2024;⁹ and P.L. 118-158, through March 14, 2025).

On March 15, 2025, the President signed H.R. 1968—the Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025—into law (P.L. 119-4). Division A of the act provided for a continuation of FY2024 funding levels, under the same authorities and conditions, with some anomalies.

FY2025 anomalies for the legislative branch included¹⁰

• a provision specifying no funding for the Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies of 2025 (a joint committee on the inaugural is funded once every four years);¹¹
• a provision extending the freeze on Member pay for FY2025;¹² and
• provisions adjusting funding for certain amounts provided for the Senate, House of Representatives, Office of the Attending Physician, Capitol Police, and Architect of the Capitol.

Funding in Prior Years: Brief Overview and Trends

Legislative Branch: Historical Percentage of Total Discretionary Budget Authority

The percentage of total discretionary budget authority provided to the legislative branch has remained relatively stable at approximately 0.4% since at least FY1976.¹³ The maximum level, not including the transition quarter,¹⁴ was in FY1995 (0.48%), and the minimum was in FY2020 (0.28%).

FY2024

FY2024 funding was provided in Division E of the FY2024 Further Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 118-47), which was enacted on March 23, 2024. The act provided $6.749 billion, a decrease of $157.7 million, or -2.3%, when compared to the "grand total" for FY2023 (or a decrease of $144.0 million, or -2.1%, when considering Title I only).

FY2023

FY2023 funding was provided by Division I of the Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 117-328), which was enacted on December 29, 2022. The act provided $6.899 billion for legislative branch activities, an increase of $975.2 million (+16.5%) from the FY2022 enacted level.

An additional $7.5 million was provided for GAO in P.L. 117-328 (Division M, Title VI). A gratuity payment was included in P.L. 117-128.

FY2022

FY2022 funding was provided by Division I of the FY2022 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 117-103), which was enacted on March 15, 2022. The act provided $5.924 billion for legislative branch activities, an increase of $619.96 million (+11.7%) from the FY2021 level, not including FY2021 emergency appropriations; and an increase of $166.6 million (+2.9%), when including FY2021 emergency appropriations.¹⁵

FY2021

FY2021 funding was provided by Division I of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (H.R. 133, P.L. 116-260), which was enacted on December 27, 2020. The act provided $5.304 billion in new budget authority for legislative branch activities, an increase of $251.2 million (+5.1%) (not including emergency appropriations). Joint explanatory text appeared in House Rules Committee Print 116-68,¹⁶ and in the Congressional Record.¹⁷ P.L. 116-260 also contained additional titles related to the legislative branch in Division O—Extensions and Technical Corrections: Title VII—Deputy Architect of the Capitol Amendments, and in Division FF—Other Matter: Title IV—Senate Sergeant at Arms Cloud Services.

The Emergency Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (H.R. 3237, P.L. 117-31) was enacted on July 30, 2021. The act provided

• $7.83 million for the Senate Sergeant at Arms "to prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus";
• two gratuity payments for heirs of deceased Members of Congress;
• $11.65 million for the House of Representatives, Allowances and Expenses, "to prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus";
• $37.50 million for Capitol Police, Salaries, "to respond to the events at the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021";
• $33.17 million for Capitol Police, General Expenses, "to respond to the events at the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021";
• $800,000 for Capitol Police, General Expenses, "to prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus";
• $35.40 million for Capitol Police, Mutual Aid Reimbursements;
• an administrative provision designating the Capitol Police wellness program the "Howard C. Liebengood Center for Wellness";
• an administrative provision adjusting the maximum annual payable rate for any member or civilian employee of the Capitol Police;
• $21.87 million for the Architect of the Capitol, Capital Construction and Operations, "to prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus";
• $300.00 million for the Architect of the Capitol, Capitol Police Buildings, Grounds and Security, "to respond to the events at the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021";
• a general provision prohibiting the use of funds "in prior fiscal years, this fiscal year, or any fiscal year thereafter ... to install permanent, above-ground fencing around the perimeter, or any portion thereof, of the United States Capitol Grounds"; and
• a general provision authorizing the Architect of the Capitol to accept contributions or incur obligations and make expenditures related to "supplies, products, and services necessary to respond to an emergency involving the safety of human life or the protection of property, as determined or declared by the Capitol Police Board, which may be provided for the use of any office which is located within any building, grounds, or facility for which the Architect of the Capitol is responsible for the maintenance, care, and operation."

FY2020

FY2020 funding was provided in Division E of the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 116-94), which was enacted on December 20, 2019. The $5.049 billion provided for the legislative branch represented an increase of $202.8 million (+4.2%) from the FY2019 level. Additional language related to the legislative branch was included in Division P.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act, P.L. 116-136, enacted March 27, 2020) provided additional funding to allow legislative branch entities "to prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus, domestically or internationally." Funding included

• Senate: $1.0 million for the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate and $9.0 million for "Miscellaneous Items."
• House: $25.0 million for the "House of Representatives, Salaries and Expenses" account. This account funds all activities of the House, but it does not fund salaries of Members of Congress.
• Office of the Attending Physician: $400,000.
• Capitol Police: $12.0 million for salaries. The Capitol Police were also provided authority to transfer funding to the "general expenses" account without the approval requirement provided in 2 U.S.C. §1907(a)).
• Architect of the Capitol: $25.0 million, for preparing and responding to the COVID-19 emergency and to allow the Architect to "purchase and distribute cleaning and sanitation products throughout all facilities and grounds under the care of the Architect of the Capitol, wherever located, and any related services and operational costs."
• Library of Congress: $700,000 for the Little Scholars Child Development Center.
• Government Accountability Office: $20.0 million to prepare and respond to the emergency, for audits and investigations, and for reimbursement of the Tiny Findings Child Development Center.

The CARES Act also contained a number of general provisions related to the legislative branch, including provisions governing the use of funds provided in the act; authorizing payments for certain goods and services; waiving certain mass mailing restrictions related to life safety; a technical correction related to the Library of Congress; a conforming amendment related to the Family and Medical Leave Act; a section related to oversight and audit authority; and a section related to National Emergency Relief Authority for the Register of Copyrights.

FY2019

FY2019 funding was provided in Division B of the Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019 (P.L. 115-244), which was enacted on September 21, 2018. The $4.836 billion provided for the legislative branch represented an increase of $136.0 million (+2.9%) from the FY2018 enacted level.

An additional $10.0 million in FY2019 supplemental appropriations for GAO "for audits and investigations related to Hurricanes Florence, Lane, and Michael, Typhoons Yutu and Mangkhut, the calendar year 2018 wildfires, earthquakes, and volcano eruptions, and other disasters declared pursuant to the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act" was included in two bills considered in the 116^th Congress: H.R. 268, which passed the House on January 16, 2019—cloture was not invoked in the Senate; and H.R. 2157, which passed the House on May 10 (Roll no. 202) and the Senate (with an amendment) on May 23, 2019 (Record Vote Number: 129). H.R. 2157 was enacted June 6, 2019 (P.L. 116-20).

FY2018

FY2018 funding was provided in Division I of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (P.L. 115-141), which was enacted on March 23, 2018. The $4.700 billion provided by the act represented an increase of $260.0 million (+5.9%) from the FY2017 enacted level.

In addition, P.L. 115-123, enacted February 9, 2018, provided $14.0 million to GAO "for audits and investigations relating to Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria and the 2017 wildfires." (Title IX of Division B).

FY2017

FY2017 funding was provided in Division I of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017 (P.L. 115-31), which was enacted on May 5, 2017. The $4.440 billion provided by the act represented a $77.0 million increase (+1.7%) from the FY2016 enacted level.

FY2016

FY2016 funding was provided in Division I of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L. 114-113), which was enacted on December 18, 2015. The $4.363 billion provided by the act represented a $63.0 million increase (+1.5%) from the FY2015 enacted level.

FY2015

FY2015 funding was provided in Division H of the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015 (P.L. 113-235), which was enacted on December 16, 2014. The $4.300 billion provided by the act represented an increase of $41.7 million (+1.0%) from FY2014.

FY2014

Neither a legislative branch appropriations bill nor a continuing resolution (CR) containing FY2014 funding was enacted prior to the beginning of the fiscal year on October 1, 2013. A funding gap, which resulted in a partial government shutdown, ensued for 16 days. The funding gap was terminated by the enactment of a CR (P.L. 113-46) on October 17, 2013. The CR provided funding through January 15, 2014.¹⁸ Following enactment of a CR on January 15, 2014 (P.L. 113-73), a consolidated appropriations bill was enacted on January 17 (P.L. 113-76), providing $4.259 billion for the legislative branch for FY2014.

FY2013

FY2013 funding of approximately $4.061 billion was provided by P.L. 113-6, which was signed into law on March 26, 2013.¹⁹ The act funded legislative branch accounts at the FY2012 enacted level, with some exceptions (also known as "anomalies"), not including across-the-board rescissions required by Section 3004 of P.L. 113-6. Section 3004 was intended to eliminate any amount by which the new budget authority provided in the act exceeded the FY2013 discretionary spending limits in Section 251(c)(2) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act, as amended by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (P.L. 112-25) and the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-240). Subsequent to the enactment of P.L. 113-6, OMB calculated that additional rescissions of 0.032% of security budget authority and 0.2% of nonsecurity budget authority would be required. The act did not alter the sequestration reductions implemented on March 1, which reduced most legislative branch accounts by 5.0%.²⁰ The accompanying OMB report indicated a dollar amount of budget authority to be canceled in each account containing nonexempt funds.²¹

FY2012 and Prior

Division G of the FY2012 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 112-74) provided $4.307 billion for the legislative branch. This level was $236.9 million below (-5.2%) the FY2011 enacted level. P.L. 112-10 provided $4.543 billion for legislative branch operations in FY2011. This level represented a $125.1 million decrease (-2.7%) from the $4.668 billion provided in the FY2010 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act (P.L. 111-68) and the FY2010 Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 111-212). The FY2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act provided $4.402 billion. In FY2009, an additional $25.0 million was provided for GAO in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.²² P.L. 111-32, the FY2009 Supplemental Appropriations Act, also contained funding for a new Capitol Police radio system ($71.6 million) and additional funding for the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) ($2.0 million).²³

As seen in Table 3, in current dollars, legislative branch funding decreased each year from FY2010 through FY2013, and it did not exceed the FY2010 level until FY2018. Adjusted for inflation, the FY2022 funding level was slightly less than the FY2010 level.²⁴ The FY2023 Consolidated Appropriations Act was the first to fund the legislative branch at a higher level than provided for FY2010, in inflation-adjusted dollars.

Figure 1 shows the same information graphically, while Figure 2 shows the distribution of funds across the legislative branch in FY2023 and FY2024.

Figure 1. Legislative Branch Funding FY2010-FY2024: Current and Constant Dollars

Source: CRS analysis of legislative branch appropriations acts and related budget documents. Notes: The figure does not include permanent budget authorities, including funding for Member pay, that are not included in the annual legislative branch appropriations bill. Total also excludes offsetting collections and authority to spend receipts. Constant 2024 dollars calculated using the "Total Non-Defense" deflator in Table 10.1—Gross Domestic Product and Deflators Used in the Historical Tables: 1940-2029 in the President's FY2025 budget request.

Figure 2. Distribution of Legislative Branch Funding: FY2023 and FY2024 (Division I of P.L. 117-328 compared to Division E of P.L. 118-47)

Source: CRS analysis of legislative branch appropriations acts and related budget documents. Note: This figure does not include permanent budget authorities, offsetting collections, or authority to spend receipts.

Figure 3 shows the timing of legislative branch appropriations actions, including the issuance of House and Senate reports, bill passage, and enactment since FY1996. It shows that fiscal year funding for the legislative branch has been determined

• on or before October 1 six times during this period (FY1997, FY2000, FY2004, FY2006, FY2010, and FY2019);
• twice during the first month of the fiscal year (FY1998 and FY1999);
• twice in November (FY1996 and FY2002);
• nine times in December (FY2001, FY2005, FY2008, FY2012, FY2015, FY2016, FY2020, FY2021, and FY2023); and
• 11 times in the next calendar year (FY2003, FY2007, FY2009, FY2011, FY2013, FY2014, FY2017, FY2018, FY2022, FY2024, and FY2025).

FY2017 funding, enacted on May 5, 2017, represented the latest date of enactment during this period.

Figure 3 . Timing of Legislative Branch Appropriations Consideration: FY1996-FY2025

Figure is interactive in the HTML version of this report.

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data:[[1657297600000,2024,1720656000000,'FY2025 Appropriations', 'House Bill Failed'], //added 7/24/24. Adj for overlap. ], keys: ['x', 'y', 'z','budgetcycle','budgetstep'] }, {name:'Senate Draft Bill and Statement', type: 'scatter',zIndex:10, enableMouseTracking:true, marker: {symbol: 'rect', fillColor: '#F3F3F3',lineColor:'#52467F',lineWidth:1}, data: [[1668124800000,2020,1604966400000, 'FY2021 APPROPRIATIONS', 'Senate Draft Bill
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Consolidated Legislation' ], [1647302400000,2025,1741996800000, 'FY2025 Appropriations', 'Enacted in
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1653004800000, x2: 1672444800000, y: 2016 }, { x: 1657065600000, x2: 1672444800000, y: 2017 }, { x: 1653091200000, x2: 1663718400000, y: 2018 }, { x: 1652659200000, x2: 1671494400000, y: 2019 }, { x: 1657843200000, x2: 1672185600000, y: 2020 }, { x: 1656633600000, x2: 1672444800000, y: 2021 }, { x: 1656028800000, x2: 1672444800000, y: 2022 }, { x: 1656288000000, x2: 1672444800000, y: 2023 }, { x: 1655424000000, x2: 1672444800000, y: 2024 }, //updated 6/5/25 //BC part 2 { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1645315200000, y: 2003 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1644883200000, y: 2007 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1649980800000, y: 2011 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1648252800000, y: 2013 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1642377600000, y: 2014 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1651708800000, y: 2017 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1647993600000, y: 2018 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1647302400000, y: 2022 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1647907200000, y: 2024 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1647302400000, y: 2025 }, ], }, ], annotations: [{ 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style:{color:'black',fontSize:'13px',fontWeight:'normal'}, }, //FY start {point: {x: 1664599600000, y: 2025,xAxis: 0,yAxis: 0}, verticalAlign: 'top',y:28,x:10,align:'right',text: 'START OF FISCAL YEAR ▲', style:{color:'#A5A4A4',fontSize:'13px',fontWeight:'normal'}, }, ] }], //#### END container ####// }; new Highcharts.Chart("IAG-1008945700", options); } } });</script>

Source: CRS analysis of data found on http://www.congress.gov.

Notes: Figure shows fiscal year consideration during the calendar year. Each row represents consideration during the calendar year of the subsequent fiscal year spending bill (i.e., the calendar year 1995 row shows the timeline of consideration and passage of the FY1996 act). Arrows in the December column indicate consideration continued into the next calendar year. The figure shows when the committee report was filed, which may be later than the date the bill was ordered to be reported. When House and Senate action occurs on the same date, the House is shown first. The FY2010 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act (P.L. 111-68) is listed in this figure as stand-alone legislation (Division A), although it was also the vehicle for a continuing appropriations resolution (Division B).

FY2025 Legislative Branch Funding Issues

The following sections discuss the various legislative branch accounts.

During consideration of the legislative branch bills, the House and Senate conform to a "longstanding practice under which each body of Congress determines its own housekeeping requirements and the other concurs without intervention."²⁵

Senate

Overall Funding

The FY2024 act provided $1.255 billion.

The Senate requested $1.369 billion for FY2025, an increase of 9.1%. The Senate-reported bill would have provided $1.338 billion (+6.6%).

Section 11001 of P.L. 119-4 adjusted amounts provided in two Senate accounts—Inquiries and Investigations and the Senators' Official Personnel and Office Expense Account—while continuing FY2024 funding levels for all other accounts, for a total of $1.325 billion (+5.6%).

Additional information on the Senate account is presented in Table 6.

Senate Committee Funding

Appropriations for Senate committees are contained in two accounts.

• 1. The inquiries and investigations account contains funds for all Senate committees except Appropriations. The FY2024 act provided $174.0 million. The Senate requested, and the Senate-reported bill would have provided, $187.2 million (+7.6%). P.L. 119-4 provided $189.2 million (+8.7%).
• 2. The Committee on Appropriations account contains funds for the Senate Appropriations Committee. The FY2024 act provided $19.3 million. The Senate requested $19.6 million (+1.6%). The Senate-reported bill would have provided $20.8 million (+7.6%). P.L. 119-4 continued the FY2024 funding level.

Senators' Official Personnel and Office Expense Account²⁶

The Senators' Official Personnel and Office Expense Account (SOPOEA) provides each Senator with funds to administer an office. It consists of an administrative and clerical assistance allowance, a legislative assistance allowance, and an official office expense allowance. The funds may be used for any category of expenses, subject to limitations on official mail.

The Senate requested $571.8 million, an increase of 3.5% from the $552.6 million provided for FY2024. The Senate-reported bill would have provided $588.4 million (+6.5%). P.L. 119-4 provided $607.4 million (+9.9%).

As in the FY2022, FY2023, and FY2024 acts, the FY2025 request, the Senate-reported bill, and P.L. 119-4 provided $7.0 million for compensating Senate interns within this total.

Administrative Provisions

One administrative provision was included in the Senate-reported FY2025 bill. The provision, which was first included in FY2016, requires amounts remaining in the Senators' Official Personnel and Expense Account (SOPOEA) to be used for deficit reduction or to reduce the federal debt. P.L. 119-4 continued this provision.

House of Representatives

Overall Funding

The FY2025 House request of $1.933 billion, which was approximately equivalent to the FY2025 House-reported level, represents an increase of 4.4% from the $1.851 billion provided for FY2024. P.L. 119-4 (Section 11002) provides $1.878 billion (+1.5%).

Additional information on headings in the House of Representatives account is presented in Table 7.

House Committee Funding

Funding for House committees is contained in the appropriation heading "committee employees," which typically comprises two subheadings.

The first subheading contains funds for personnel and nonpersonnel expenses of House committees, except the Appropriations Committee, as authorized by the House in a committee expense resolution. The House requested, and the House-reported bill contained, $180.9 million, an increase of $275,000 (+0.2%) from the FY2024 enacted level. P.L. 119-4 continued the FY2024 funding level.

The second subheading contains funds for the personnel and nonpersonnel expenses of the Committee on Appropriations. The FY2024 act, the FY2025 request, the House-reported bill and P.L. 119-4 each contain $31.3 million.

Members' Representational Allowance²⁷

The Members' Representational Allowance (MRA) is available to support Members in their official and representational duties.

The House requested, and the House-reported bill would have provided, $843.6 million. This level represents an increase of 4.1% from the FY2024 enacted level of $810.0 million. P.L. 119-4 provides $850.0 million (+4.9%).

Compensation of Interns

The FY2024 act, the FY2025 request, and the FY2025 House-reported bill all contained, in separate accounts, $20.6 million for interns in House Member offices, $586,000 for interns in House leadership offices, $2.6 million for interns for standing and select committees other than the House Appropriations Committee, and $463,000 for interns with the House Appropriations Committee. P.L. 119-4 continued the FY2024 funding levels.

Administrative Provisions

The House requested, and the House-reported bill included, three administrative provisions continued from prior years related to

• providing that unexpended balances from the MRA be used for deficit reduction or to reduce the federal debt;
• limiting amounts available from the MRA for leased vehicles; and
• providing for cybersecurity assistance from other federal entities.

The budget request also included one new administrative provision, related to telecom expenses for employees of the House Child Care Center. This provision was included in the House-reported bill.

The House-reported bill also included a new administrative provision amending long-term lease requirements to exclude the House of Representatives from certain vehicle emission requirements.

P.L. 119-4 continued the FY2024 provisions.

Support Agency Funding

U.S. Capitol Police (USCP)

The USCP is responsible for the security of the Capitol Complex, including, for example, the U.S. Capitol, the House and Senate office buildings, the U.S. Botanic Garden, and the Library of Congress buildings and adjacent grounds.

The FY2024 enacted level was $791.5 million. In comparison, levels considered for FY2025 include the following:

• Requested: $900.4 million (+13.8%)
• House-reported bill: $832.4 million (+5.2%)
• Senate-reported bill: $832.6 million (+5.2%)
• P.L. 119-4: $806.5 million (+1.9%)

Additional information on the USCP is presented in Table 8.²⁸

Appropriations for the police are contained in two accounts—a salaries account and a general expenses account.

• 1. Salaries—the FY2024 act provided $588.6 million for salaries. The USCP requested $636.5 million (+8.1%). The House-reported bill would have provided $619.3 million (+5.2%). The Senate-reported bill would have provided $620.4 (+5.4%). P.L. 119-4 (Section 11003) provides $603.6 million (+2.5%).
• 2. General expenses—the FY2024 act provided $202.8 million for general expenses. The USCP requested $263.8 million (+30.1%). The House-reported bill would have provided $213.2 million (+5.1%). The Senate-reported bill would have provided $212.2 million (+4.6%). P.L. 119-4 continued the FY2024 funding level.

Another appropriation relating to the USCP appears within the Architect of the Capitol account for Capitol Police buildings and grounds and security. The FY2024 level was $85.2 million. For FY2025, $113.4 million (+33.0%) was requested, the House-reported bill would have provided $97.0 million (+13.9%), and the Senate-reported bill would have provided $92.6 million (+8.7%). P.L. 119-4 continued the FY2024 funding level.

Administrative Provision

The House-reported bill contained a provision amending 5 U.S.C. §4120 (related to training for the Capitol Police) to specify that an employee may receive training outside of the United States only with the prior approval of the Capitol Police Board. P.L. 119-4 did not contain this provision.

Office of Congressional Workplace Rights (OCWR)

Formerly known as the Office of Compliance, the Office of Congressional Workplace Rights (OCWR) was renamed by the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 Reform Act (P.L. 115-397). It is an independent and nonpartisan agency within the legislative branch, and it was originally established to administer and enforce the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995.²⁹ The act applies various employment and workplace safety laws to Congress and certain legislative branch entities.³⁰

The FY2024 act provided $8.15 million, which was continued in the House-reported bill. OCWR had requested $8.6 million (+5.4%). The Senate-reported bill would have provided $8.2 million (+0.6%). P.L. 119-4 continued the FY2024 funding level.

Congressional Budget Office (CBO)

CBO is a nonpartisan congressional agency created to provide objective economic and budgetary analysis to Congress. CBO cost estimates are required for any measure reported by a regular or conference committee that may affect revenues or expenditures.³¹

CBO's FY2024 funding level was $70.0 million. In comparison, CBO requested $70.7 million (+1.0%) for FY2025, the House-reported bill would have provided $73.3 million (+4.7%), and the Senate-reported bill would have provided $73.0 million (+4.3%). P.L. 119-4 continued the FY2024 funding level.

Architect of the Capitol (AOC)

The Architect of the Capitol (AOC) is responsible for the maintenance, operation, development, and preservation of the U.S. Capitol Complex. The AOC is responsible for the Supreme Court buildings and grounds, but appropriations for their expenses are not contained in the legislative branch appropriations bill.

Operations of the AOC are funded in the following 10 accounts: capital construction and operations, Capitol building, Capitol grounds, Senate office buildings, House office buildings, Capitol Power Plant, Library buildings and grounds, Capitol Police buildings and grounds, Capitol Visitor Center, and Botanic Garden. Additional funding information on the individual AOC accounts is presented in Table 9.

The FY2024 level was $947.3 million.

In comparison, levels considered for FY2025 include the following:

• Requested: $1.016 billion (+7.2%)
• House-reported bill: $754.2 million (-6.7%, not including Senate office buildings)
• Senate-reported bill: $737.99 million (-5.5%, not including House office buildings)
• P.L. 119-4: $830.3 million (-12.4%). Section 11003 of this act adjusted funding for the following accounts: Capitol building, $48.69 million; Capitol grounds, $21.60 million; House office buildings, $146.17 million; Capitol power plant, $123.85 million; and Library buildings and grounds, $64.98 million.

Administrative Provisions

A number of administrative provisions related to the Architect of the Capitol were requested:

• 1. The FY2025 budget request, the House-reported bill, and the Senate-reported bill each included an administrative provision that prohibits the use of funds for bonuses for contractors behind schedule or over budget. This provision has been included in the annual appropriations act since FY2015.
• 2. The FY2025 budget request included an administrative provision related to the purchase of materials and services during emergencies. Neither the House-reported bill nor the Senate-reported bill included this provision.
• 3. The FY2025 budget request included an administrative provision related to child care benefits for AOC employees. Neither the House-reported bill nor the Senate-reported bill included this provision.
• 4. The FY2025 budget request included an administrative provision authorizing the AOC to pay recruitment, relocation, redesignation, and retention bonuses for certain employees. Neither the House-reported bill nor the Senate-reported bill included this provision.
• 5. The FY2025 budget request included an administrative provision related to public outreach and services for the Capitol Grounds and Arboretum. The House-reported bill included this provision, but the Senate-reported bill did not.

P.L. 119-4 continued the FY2024 provision.

Library of Congress (LOC)

The Library of Congress (LOC) serves simultaneously as Congress's parliamentary library and the de facto national library of the United States. Its broader services to the nation include the acquisition, maintenance, and preservation of a collection of more than 178.2 million items in various formats;³² service to the general public and scholarly and library communities; administration of U.S. copyright laws by its Copyright Office; and administration of a national program to provide reading material to the blind and print disabled. Its direct services to Congress include the provision of legal research and law-related services by the Law Library of Congress, and a broad range of activities by CRS, including in-depth and nonpartisan public policy research, analysis, and legislative assistance for Members and committees and their staff; congressional staff training; information and statistics retrieval; and continuing legal education for Members of both chambers and congressional staff.

The FY2024 level was $852.1 million. In comparison, levels considered for FY2025 include the following:

• Requested: $873.2 million (+2.5%)
• House-reported bill: $883.4 million (+3.7%)
• Senate-reported bill: $878.8 million (+3.1%)
• P.L. 119-4: continued the FY2024 funding level of $852.1 million.

These figures do not include additional authority to spend receipts.³³

The LOC headings include the following:³⁴

• 1. Salaries and expenses—The FY2024 level was $592.4 million. The LOC requested $614.6 million (+3.7%) for FY2025. The House-reported bill would have provided $617.0 million (+4.2%). The Senate-reported bill would have provided $611.9 million (+3.3%). P.L. 119-4 continued the FY2024 funding level.
• 2. Copyright Office—The FY2024 level was $57.5 million. The LOC requested $57.5 million (+0.01%) for FY2025. The House-reported bill would have provided $59.7 million (+3.8%). The Senate-reported bill would have provided $60.2 million (+4.7%). These figures do not include authority to spend receipts ($44.6 million in FY2024, $47.2 million in the FY2025 request, $45.9 million in the House-reported bill, and $44.9 million in the Senate-reported bill) and prior-year unobligated balances ($1.0 million in the Senate-reported bill). P.L. 119-4 continued the FY2024 funding level.
• 3. Congressional Research Service—The FY2024 act provided $136.1 million. The FY2025 request contained $142.9 million (+5.0%) for FY2025. The House-reported bill would have provided $141.5 million (+4.0%). The Senate-reported bill would have provided $141.0 million (+3.6%). P.L. 119-4 continued the FY2024 funding level.
• 4. National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled—The FY2024 level was $66.1 million. The LOC requested $58.3 million (-11.9%) for FY2025. The House-reported bill would have provided $65.2 million (-1.4%). The Senate-reported bill would have provided $65.6 million (-0.8%). P.L. 119-4 continued the FY2024 funding level.

The AOC's budget also contains funds for LOC buildings and grounds. In FY2024, $94.98 million was provided. The FY2025 request contains $73.2 million (-22.9%), the House-reported bill would have provided $86.0 million (-9.4%), and the Senate-reported bill would have provided $83.5 million (-12.1%). P.L. 119-4 provides $64.98 million (-31.6%).

Administrative Provisions

The annual legislative branch appropriations bills regularly include a provision providing authority to obligate funds for reimbursable and revolving fund activities ($324.1 million in the FY2024 act; $318.7 million in the FY2025 request; $328.8 million in the House-reported and Senate-reported bills).

The Library also included provisions in its FY2025 budget request related to

• transfer authority between the Library of Congress and the Architect of the Capitol,
• ensuring CRS access to certain information,³⁵
• eliminating the distribution of hardcopy versions of the Constitution Annotated,³⁶
• facilitating the use of FEDLINK by Department of Defense staff,
• providing additional authorities related to pay for senior-level Library personnel,
• establishing a signature public programs revolving fund, and
• administering a program for minority-serving institutions.

These new provisions were not included in the House-reported or Senate-reported bills or P.L. 119-4.

Government Publishing Office (GPO)³⁷

GPO's FY2024 enacted level was $131.99 million. The FY2025 request included, and the House-reported bill would have provided, $136.1 million (+3.1%). The Senate-reported bill would have provided $133.4 million (+1.1%). P.L. 119-4 continued the FY2024 funding level.

GPO's budget authority is contained in three accounts:

• 1. Congressional publishing—The FY2024 act provided $83.0 million, the same level continued in the GPO request, the House-reported bill, and the Senate-reported bill. P.L. 119-4 continued the FY2024 funding level.
• 2. Public information programs of the Superintendent of Documents (salaries and expenses)—The FY2024 act provided $37.4 million. GPO requested, and the House-reported bill would have provided, $41.7 million (+11.4%). The Senate-reported bill would have provided $39.0 million (+4.3%). P.L. 119-4 continued the FY2024 funding level.
• 3. GPO Business Operations Revolving Fund³⁸—The FY2024 act provided $11.6 million. GPO requested, and the House-reported and Senate-reported versions of the bill would have provided, $11.4 million (-1.6%). P.L. 119-4 continued the FY2024 funding level.

Government Accountability Office (GAO)

GAO responds to requests for studies of federal government programs and expenditures. GAO may also initiate its own work.³⁹

GAO's FY2024 enacted level was $811.9 million.

In comparison, levels considered for FY2025 include the following:

• Requested: $915.96 million (+12.8%)
• House-reported bill: $896.7 million (+10.4%)
• Senate-reported bill: $883.1 million (+8.8%)
• P.L. 119-4: continued the FY2024 funding level of $811.9 million. In addition, GAO received $10.0 million "for audits and investigations related to Hurricanes Helene and Milton, and other disasters declared pursuant to the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) in calendar years 2023 and 2024" (Division B, Title IX of P.L. 118-158, which also provided continuing appropriations for FY2025 through March 14, 2025).

These levels do not include offsetting collections ($73.98 million in the FY2024 act; $33.4 million in the FY2024 request, the House-reported bill, and the Senate-reported bill).⁴⁰

Congressional Office for International Leadership (COIL; Formerly Open World Leadership Center)

COIL requested $7.2 million, an increase of 20.0% from the FY2021, FY2022, FY2023, and FY2024 enacted level of $6.0 million. The House-reported bill included $6.6 million (+10.0%), and the Senate-reported bill would have provided $6.5 million (+8.3%). As stated above, during consideration of H.R. 8772 in the House, an amendment was offered which would have prohibited the use of funds in the act for COIL. The amendment failed (169-240, Roll no. 348).

P.L. 119-4 continued the FY2024 funding level.

The office administers a program that supports democratic changes in other countries by inviting their leaders to observe democracy and free enterprise in the United States.

Congress first authorized the program in 1999 to support the relationship between Russia and the United States. Established at the LOC as the Center for Russian Leadership Development in 2000, the program encouraged young federal and local Russian leaders to visit the United States and observe its government and society. The center was renamed the Open World Leadership Center in 2003, when the program was expanded to include specified additional countries.⁴¹ In 2004, Congress further extended the program's eligibility to other countries designated by the center's board of trustees, subject to congressional consideration.⁴² More recent appropriations documents have included language regarding countries or regions of focus and proposed expansion, including efforts in Ukraine. The FY2022 Consolidated Appropriations Act changed the name from the Open World Leadership Center to the Congressional Office for International Leadership.

The office is housed in the LOC and receives services from the LOC through an interagency agreement.

A provision included since FY2016 states the following:

That funds made available to support Russian participants shall only be used for those engaging in free market development, humanitarian activities, and civic engagement, and shall not be used for officials of the central government of Russia.

Prior to the name change in 2022, the location and future of the office; attempts to assess its effectiveness, countries of focus, and funding levels; and its inclusion in the legislative branch budget were discussed at appropriations hearings and in report language for many years.

Administrative Provision

As in FY2024, COIL requested an administrative provision to amend 2 U.S.C. §1151 to insert language allowing the Board of Trustees to "establish such policies as may be necessary to ensure that awards, incentives, and leave accrual for the Executive Director is at least equal to those provided to executive branch employees appointed pursuant to subchapter II of chapter 31 of title 5, United States Code." This provision was not included in the House-reported or Senate-reported FY2025 bills or in P.L. 119-4.

John C. Stennis Center for Public Service Training and Development

The center was created by Congress in 1988 to encourage public service by congressional staff through training and development programs.⁴³ The $430,000 included in the FY2024 act, the FY2025 request, the House-reported bill, the Senate-reported bill, and P.L. 119-4 is approximately the same level provided annually since FY2006.

General Provisions

As in past years, Congress considered a number of general provisions related to the legislative branch. These provisions and their status are listed in Table 4.

Introduction to Summary Tables and Appendix

Table 5 through Table 9 provide information on funding levels for the legislative branch overall, the Senate, the House of Representatives, the USCP, and the AOC. Tables are based on CRS analysis of anomalies in P.L. 119-4, with other funding levels continued at the FY2024 level.

The tables are followed by an Appendix, which lists House, Senate, and conference bills and reports; public law numbers; and enactment dates since FY1998.

Appendix. Fiscal Year Information and Resources