Contents

• Overview of CJS
• Department of Commerce
• Department of Justice
• Science Offices and Agencies
• Related Agencies
• FY2025 Administration's Request
• House Committee-Reported Bill
• Senate Committee-Reported Bill
• FY2025 Enacted Appropriations
• Advanced Appropriations

Summary

This report describes actions to provide FY2025 appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) accounts. The annual CJS appropriations act provides funding for the Department of Commerce, which includes bureaus and offices such as the Census Bureau, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology; the Department of Justice (DOJ), which includes agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Bureau of Prisons, the U.S. Marshals Service, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Offices of the U.S. Attorneys; the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; the National Science Foundation; and several related agencies such as the Legal Services Corporation and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

The Administration requested a total of $87.914 billion for the departments and agencies funded through CJS for FY2025. The Administration's request included $11.465 billion for the Department of Commerce, which was $637 million (+5.9%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation; $39.589 billion for DOJ, which was $2.069 billion (+5.5%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation; $35.577 billion for the science agencies, which was $1.632 billion (+4.8%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation; and $1.284 billion for the related agencies, which was $46 million (+3.7%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation.

The bill reported by the House Committee on Appropriations would have provided a total of $81.940 billion for CJS. The committee-reported bill included $9.848 billion for the Department of Commerce, which was $980 million (-9.0%) less than the FY2024 regular appropriation and $1.617 billion (-14.1%) less than the Administration's request; $36.532 billion for DOJ, which was $988 million (-2.6%) less than the FY2024 regular appropriation and $3.057 billion (-7.7%) less than the Administration's request; $34.445 billion for the science agencies, which was $500 million (+1.5%) more than the FY2024 appropriation and $1.132 billion (-3.2%) less than the Administration's request; and $1.115 billion for the related agencies, which was $122 million (-9.9%) less than the FY2024 appropriation and $169 million (-13.1%) less than the Administration's request.

The bill reported by the Senate Committee on Appropriations would have provided a total of $86.248 billion for CJS. The committee-reported bill included $11.545 billion for the Department of Commerce, which was $717 million (6.6%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation and $80 million (0.7%) more than the Administration's request; $38.426 billion for DOJ, which was $906 million (2.4%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation and $1.163 billion (2.9%) less than the Administration's request; $34.994 billion for the science agencies, which was $1.049 billion (3.1%) more than the FY2024 appropriation and $583 million (-1.6%) less than the Administration's request; and $1.284 billion for the related agencies, which was $46 million (3.7%) more than the FY2024 appropriation and equal to the Administration's request.

The Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 (CR, P.L. 119-4) provides FY2025 funding for most CJS accounts at the FY2024 enacted level. The CR reduced funding for several CJS accounts relative to the FY2024 enacted appropriation. The reductions were the result of eliminating certain funding in CJS accounts that was for community funding projects (also known as earmarks) in FY2024. The CR also increased funding for two DOJ accounts and increased the obligation cap for the Crime Victims Fund. The CR includes $10.029 billion for the Department of Commerce, which is $799 million (-7.4%) less than the FY2024 regular appropriation and $1.436 billion (-12.5%) less than the Administration's request; $36.901 billion for DOJ, which is $619 million (-1.6%) less than the FY2024 regular appropriation and $2.688 billion (-6.8%) less than the Administration's request; $33.908 billion for the science agencies, which is $37 million (-0.1%) less than the FY2024 appropriation and $1.668 billion (-4.7%) less than the Administration's request; and $1.237 billion for the related agencies, which is equal to the FY2024 appropriation and $46 million (-3.6%) less than the Administration's request.

This report describes actions to provide FY2025 appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) accounts. This report also provides information on FY2024 appropriations for CJS. (Enacted funding for CJS for the past 10 fiscal years can be found in Table A-1.) The dollar amounts in this report reflect only new appropriations made available for a fiscal year. Therefore, the amounts do not include any rescissions of unobligated or deobligated balances that may be counted as offsets to newly enacted appropriations, nor do they include any scorekeeping adjustments (e.g., the budgetary effects of provisions limiting the availability of the balance in the Crime Victims Fund). In this report, percentage changes are calculated using whole, not rounded, numbers, meaning that in some instances there may be small differences between the actual percentage change and the percentage change that would be calculated by using the rounded amounts discussed in the report. In some instances, amounts in this report differ from amounts for the same account in previous editions of this report because past reports did not reflect supplemental budget requests or because there were differences in how legislative proposals are scored by the Office of Management and Budget and the Congressional Budget Office.

Overview of CJS

The annual CJS appropriations act provides funding for the Department of Commerce, the Department of Justice (DOJ), select science agencies, and several related agencies. Appropriations for the Department of Commerce include funding for bureaus and offices such as the Census Bureau, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Appropriations for DOJ provide funding for agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation; the Bureau of Prisons; the U.S. Marshals; the Drug Enforcement Administration; and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, along with funding for a variety of public safety-related grant programs for state, local, and tribal governments. The vast majority of funding for the science agencies goes to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation.¹ The annual appropriation for the related agencies includes funding for agencies such as the Legal Services Corporation and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

Department of Commerce

The mission of the Department of Commerce is to "create the conditions for economic growth and opportunity."² The department "works to drive U.S. economic competitiveness, strengthen domestic industry, and spur the growth of quality jobs in all communities across the country."³ It has wide-ranging responsibilities including trade, economic development, technology, entrepreneurship and business development, monitoring the environment, forecasting weather, managing marine resources, and statistical research and analysis. The department pursues and implements policies that affect trade and economic development by working to open new markets for U.S. goods and services and promoting pro-growth business policies. It also invests in research and development to foster innovation.

The agencies within the Department of Commerce, and their responsibilities, include the following:

• Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) is a federal statistical agency that promotes a better understanding of the U.S. economy by providing timely, relevant, and accurate economic accounts data in an objective and cost-effective manner;
• Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) works to ensure an effective export control and treaty compliance system and promote continued U.S. leadership in strategic technologies by maintaining and strengthening adaptable, efficient, and effective export controls and treaty compliance systems, along with active leadership and involvement in international export control regimes;
• Census Bureau is a federal statistical agency that collects data and disseminates information about the U.S. economy, society, and institutions, which fosters economic growth, advances scientific understanding, and facilitates informed decisions;
• Economic Development Administration (EDA) promotes innovation and competitiveness, preparing American regions for growth and success in the worldwide economy;
• International Trade Administration (ITA) seeks to strengthen the international competitiveness of U.S. industry, promote trade and investment, and ensure fair trade and compliance with trade laws and agreements;
• Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) promotes the growth and competitiveness of minority owned businesses through the mobilization and advancement of public and private sector programs, policy, and research;
• National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve quality of life;
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides daily weather forecasts, severe storm warnings, climate monitoring, fisheries management, coastal restoration, and support of marine commerce;
• National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) advises the President on communications and information policy; and
• United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) fosters innovation, competitiveness, and economic growth domestically and abroad by providing high-quality and timely examination of patent and trademark applications, guiding domestic and international intellectual property (IP) policy, and delivering IP information and education worldwide.

Department of Justice

DOJ's mission is to "uphold the rule of law, to keep our country safe, and to protect civil rights."⁴ DOJ also provides legal advice and opinions, upon request, to the President and executive branch department heads.

The major DOJ offices and agencies and their functions are as follows:

• Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) enforces federal law related to the manufacture, importation, and distribution of alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and explosives;
• Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) aims to advance the practice of community policing by the nation's state, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies through information and grant resources;
• Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) investigates federal drug law violations; coordinates its efforts with other federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies; develops and maintains drug intelligence systems; regulates the manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of legitimate controlled substances; and conducts joint intelligence-gathering activities with foreign governments;
• Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) investigates violations of federal criminal law; helps protect the United States against terrorism and hostile intelligence efforts; provides assistance to other federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies; and shares jurisdiction with the Drug Enforcement Administration for the investigation of federal drug violations;
• Federal Prison System (Bureau of Prisons; BOP) houses offenders sentenced to a term of incarceration for a federal crime and provides for the operation and maintenance of the federal prison system;
• Office of the United States Attorneys (USAO) prosecutes violations of federal criminal laws, represents the federal government in civil actions, and initiates proceedings for the collection of fines, penalties, and forfeitures owed to the United States;
• Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) provides federal leadership in developing the nation's capacity to reduce violence against women and administer justice for and strengthen services to victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking;
• Office of Justice Programs (OJP) manages and coordinates the activities of the Bureau of Justice Assistance; Bureau of Justice Statistics; National Institute of Justice; Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; Office of Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking; and Office for Victims of Crime; and
• United States Marshals Service (USMS) provides security for the federal judiciary, protects witnesses, executes warrants and court orders, manages seized assets, detains and transports alleged and convicted offenders, and apprehends fugitives.

Science Offices and Agencies

The science offices and agencies support research and development and related activities across a wide variety of federal missions, including national competitiveness, space exploration, and fundamental discovery.

• Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) provides the President and others within the Executive Office of the President with advice on the scientific, engineering, and technological aspects of issues that require the attention of the federal government.⁵ The OSTP director also manages the National Science and Technology Council,⁶ which coordinates science and technology policy across the executive branch of the federal government, and co-chairs the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology,⁷ a council of external advisors that provides advice to the President on matters related to science and technology policy.
• National Space Council, in the Executive Office of the President, is a coordinating body for U.S. space policy. Chaired by the Vice President, it consists of the Secretaries of State, Defense, Commerce, Transportation, and Homeland Security; the Administrator of NASA; and other senior officials. The council was first established in 1988 through P.L. 100-685.⁸ The council ceased operations in 1993, and was reestablished by the Trump Administration in June 2017.⁹
• National Science Foundation (NSF) supports basic research and education in the nonmedical sciences and engineering. The foundation was established as an independent federal agency "to promote the progress of science; to advance the national health, prosperity, and welfare; to secure the national defense; and for other purposes."¹⁰ The NSF is a primary source of federal support for U.S. university-based research in the nonmedical sciences and engineering. It is also responsible for significant shares of the federal science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education program portfolio and federal STEM student aid and support.
• National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was created to conduct civilian space and aeronautics activities.¹¹ It has five mission directorates. The Space Operations Mission Directorate and the Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate are responsible for human spaceflight activities, including the International Space Station and development efforts for future crewed spacecraft. The Science Mission Directorate manages robotic science missions, such as the Hubble Space Telescope, the Mars rover Curiosity, and satellites for Earth science research. The Space Technology Mission Directorate develops new technologies for use in future space missions, such as advanced propulsion and laser communications. The Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate conducts research and development on aircraft and aviation systems. In addition, NASA's Office of STEM Engagement (formerly the Office of Education) manages education programs for schoolchildren, college and university students, and the general public.

Related Agencies

The annual CJS appropriations act includes funding for several related agencies:

• Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is responsible for enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee because of the person's race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy, gender identity, and sexual orientation), national origin, age (40 or older), disability, or genetic information;
• International Trade Commission investigates the effects of dumped and subsidized imports on domestic industries and conducts global safeguard investigations, adjudicates cases involving imports that allegedly infringe intellectual property rights, and serves as a resource for trade data and other trade policy-related information;
• Legal Services Corporation (LSC) is a federally funded nonprofit corporation that provides financial support for civil legal aid to low-income Americans;
• Marine Mammal Commission works for the conservation of marine mammals by providing science-based oversight of domestic and international policies and actions of federal agencies with a mandate to address human effects on marine mammals and their ecosystems;
• Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) is responsible for developing and coordinating U.S. international trade, commodity, and direct investment policy, and overseeing negotiations with other countries;
• State Justice Institute is a federally funded nonprofit corporation that awards grants to improve the quality of justice in state courts and foster innovative, efficient solutions to common issues faced by all courts; and
• U.S. Commission on Civil Rights informs the development of national civil rights policy and enhances enforcement of federal civil rights laws.

FY2025 Administration's Request

For FY2025, the Administration requested a total of $87.914 billion for the departments and agencies funded through CJS. This amount was $4.384 billion (+5.2%) more than regular FY2024 enacted funding for CJS ($83.530 billion). The Administration's request included the following:

• $11.465 billion for the Department of Commerce, which was $637 million (+5.9%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation;
• $39.589 billion for DOJ, which was $2.069 billion (+5.5%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation;
• $35.577 billion for the science agencies, which was $1.632 billion (+4.8%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation; and
• $1.284 billion for the related agencies, which was $46 million (+3.7%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation.

The Administration designated the following amounts under the following accounts as emergency spending in its FY2025 request:

• NSF, Research and Related Activities, $420 million;
• NASA, Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration, $296 million;
• NOAA, Procurement, Acquisition, and Construction, $180 million;
• BOP, Buildings and Facilities, $179 million; and
• NOAA, Operations, Research, and Facilities, $15 million.

The Administration requested funding for nearly all Commerce accounts at a level equal to or greater than the FY2024 regular appropriation. The two exceptions were NOAA's Operations, Research, and Facilities (-$176 million, -3.9%) and NIST's Scientific and Technical Research and Services (-$105 million, -9.7%) accounts.

As it did for Commerce, the Administration requested funding at or above the FY2024 regular appropriation for nearly all of DOJ's accounts. Two exceptions were accounts that provide grants for the criminal justice system: the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance (-$466 million, -18.8%) and the COPS (-$131 million, -19.6%) accounts, though the decrease was partly due to the fact that for FY2024 both these accounts included community funding projects identified by Congress and the Administration does not request congressionally directed funding.

The Administration's request for NASA overall was $509 million (+2.0%) greater than the FY2024 regular appropriation, but the Administration requested reduced funding for two NASA accounts: Exploration (-$48 million, -0.6%) and Safety, Security, and Mission Services (-$85 million, -2.7%).

The Administration's request for NSF was $1.123 billion (+12.4%) greater than the FY2024 regular appropriation. The Administration's request for all of NSF's accounts was greater than the FY2024 regular appropriation.

The FY2025 request for all of the related agencies was at or above the FY2024 regular appropriation.

House Committee-Reported Bill

The House Committee on Appropriations marked up and reported its FY2025 CJS appropriations bill (H.R. 9026, H.Rept. 118-582) on July 9, 2024. The bill would have provided a total of $81.940 billion for the departments and agencies funded through the CJS appropriations bill. The amount in the committee-reported bill was $1.590 billion (-1.9%) less than the FY2024 regular appropriation for CJS and $5.974 (-6.8%) less than the Administration's FY2025 request. The committee-reported bill included the following:

• $9.848 billion for the Department of Commerce, which was $980 million (-9.0%) less than the FY2024 regular appropriation and $1.617 billion (-14.1%) less than the Administration's request;
• $36.532 billion for DOJ, which was $988 million (-2.6%) less than the FY2024 regular appropriation and $3.057 billion (-7.7%) less than the Administration's request;
• $34.445 billion for the science agencies, which was $500 million (+1.5%) more than the FY2024 appropriation and $1.132 billion (-3.2%) less than the Administration's request; and
• $1.115 billion for the related agencies, which was $122 million (-9.9%) less than the FY2024 appropriation and $169 million (-13.1%) less than the Administration's request.

The committee-reported bill would have funded most Commerce accounts below the FY2024 regular appropriation. Exceptions included EDA's Salaries and Expenses account, the Census Bureau's Periodic Censuses and Programs account, NIST's Industrial Technology Services account, and NOAA's Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery account, all of which would have been funded at the FY2024 level. The committee-reported bill only proposed increased funding, relative to the FY2024 level, for the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (which is fully offset by user fees) and NIST's Construction of Research Facilities account (+$32 million, +19.0%). The committee-reported bill would have funded many of Commerce's accounts below the Administration's request. Committee-recommended funding for NIST's Industrial and Technology Services account and NOAA's Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery account was equal to the Administration's request. The committee's recommended funding for NIST's Scientific and Technical Research and Services account (+$28 million, +2.9%) was greater than the Administration's request.

The committee-reported bill would have decreased funding for several DOJ agencies, such as the U.S. Attorneys (-$299 million, -11.5%), FBI (-$368 million, -3.4%), and ATF (-$189 million, -11.6%), relative to the FY2024 regular appropriation. The committee-reported bill would have also decreased funding available for grants under the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance (-$265 million, -10.7%), Office on Violence Against Women (-$46 million, -6.5%), and Juvenile Justice Programs (-$50 million, -13.3%) accounts. The committee-reported bill would have increased funding for USMS (+$49 million, +1.3%), DEA (+$194 million, +7.6%), BOP (+$93 million, +1.1%), and the COPS account (+$5 million, +0.8%) relative to the FY2024 regular appropriation. The committee-reported bill recommended funding for many DOJ accounts at a level below the Administration's request. Exceptions included the DEA (+$74 million, +2.8%), BOP's Buildings and Facilities account (+$13 million, +4.9%), the COPS account (+$136 million, +25.5%), and the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account (+$201 million, +10.0%).

Overall funding for NASA in the committee-reported bill was higher than the FY2024 appropriation (+$304 million, +1.2%), and the committee proposed higher funding for many of NASA's accounts. However, the committee-reported bill proposed decreased funding for NASA's Exploration (-$48 million, -0.6%); Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Engagement (-$54 million, -37.8%); and Safety, Security, and Mission Services (-$85 million, -2.7%) accounts. Overall funding for NASA was lower than the Administration's request (-$205 million, -0.8%), but the committee recommended funding for several of NASA's accounts equal to the Administration's request, and proposed funding the Space Operations account above (+$84 million, +1.9%) the Administration's request. The committee-reported bill would have funded the Science (-$232 million, -3.1%), STEM Engagement (-$55 million, -38.0%), and Office of the Inspector General (-$3 million, -5.7%) accounts below the Administration's request.

The committee-reported bill would have increased funding for NSF (+$199 million, +2.2%) relative to the FY2024 appropriation, though the committee recommended lower funding for NSF's STEM Education account (-$172 million, -14.7%). The committee-reported bill would have funded all of NSF's accounts below the Administration's request.

The committee-reported bill would have funded all of the related agencies at a level below both the FY2024 appropriation and the Administration's request.

Senate Committee-Reported Bill

The Senate Committee on Appropriations marked up and reported its FY2025 CJS appropriations bill (S. 4795, S.Rept. 118-198) on July 25, 2024. The bill would have provided a total of $86.248 billion for the departments and agencies funded through the CJS appropriations bill. The amount in the committee-reported bill was $2.718 billion (+3.3%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation for CJS and $1.666 (-1.9%) less than the Administration's FY2025 request. The committee-reported bill included the following:

• $11.545 billion for the Department of Commerce, which was $717 million (+6.6%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation and $80 million (+0.7%) more than the Administration's request;
• $38.426 billion for DOJ, which was $906 million (+2.4%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation and $1.163 billion (+2.9%) less than the Administration's request;
• $34.994 billion for the science agencies, which was $1.049 billion (+3.1%) more than the FY2024 appropriation and $583 million (-1.6%) less than the Administration's request; and
• $1.284 billion for the related agencies, which was $46 million (+3.7%) more than the FY2024 appropriation and equal to the Administration's request.

The Senate committee-reported bill would have funded most Commerce accounts at or above the FY2024 regular appropriation. The one exception was NIST's Scientific and Technical Research and Services account, which would have received $16 million (-1.5%) less than the FY2024 regular appropriation. The committee-reported bill would have funded many Commerce accounts at or below the Administration's request. However, the committee recommended funding above the Administration's request for NIST's Scientific and Technical Research and Services account (+$89 million, +9.2%); NIST's Industrial Technology Services account (+$13 million, +6.1%); NOAA's Operations, Research, and Facilities account (+$307 million, +7.0%); and NOAA's Pacific Coastal Salmon Recover account (+$5 million, +7.7%).

The Senate committee-reported bill would have funded most DOJ accounts at a level equal to or above the FY2024 regular appropriation. Two exceptions were proposed funding for the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account (-$326 million, -13.2%) and the COPS account (-$116 million, -17.5%). The committee recommended funding most of DOJ's accounts at or below the Administration's request; however, there were a few exceptions. The committee-reported bill would have increased funding relative to the Administration's request for the Antitrust Division (+$16 million, +5.6%), USMS's Federal Prisoner Detention account (+$100 million, +4.7%), FBI's Construction account (+$150 million, +242.3%), BOP's Building and Facilities account (+$30 million, +11.5%), the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account (+$140 million, +7.0%) and the COPS account (+$14 million, +2.6%). The committee's bill would have also increased the obligation cap on the Crime Victims Fund by $400 million (+26.7%) relative to the Administration's request.

The Senate committee-reported bill would have increased funding for NASA by $559 million (+2.2%) relative to the FY2024 regular appropriation. Recommended funding for many of NASA accounts would have been above the FY2024 enacted level, with the exception of the Exploration account (-$18 million, -0.2%) and the Safety, Security, and Mission Services account (-$85 million, -2.7%). The committee proposed funding NASA at a level above the Administration's request (+$50 million, +0.2%). It recommended funding most of NASA's accounts at a level equal to the Administration's request, with increases for the Science account (+$10 million, +0.1%), Exploration account (+$30 million, +0.4%), and Space Operations account (+$10 million, +0.2%).

The Senate committee-reported bill would have increased funding for NSF (+$490 million, +5.4%) relative to the FY2024 regular appropriation, with the committee recommending increased funding for all of NSF's accounts. It recommended funding NSF below the Administration's request (-$633 million, -9.1%). The committee-reported bill would have funded all of NSF's accounts at a level equal to or below the Administration's request.

The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommended funding for all of the related agencies at a level equal to or greater than the FY2024 regular appropriation. The committee-reported bill would have funded all of the related agencies at the level requested by the Administration.

The committee-reported bill included a total of $4.500 billion in emergency designated funding. Accounts with emergency funding, and the amount of such funding, were as follows:

• NASA, Exploration, $1.212 billion;
• NSF, Research and Related Activities, $973 million;
• NOAA, Procurement, Acquisition, and Construction, $815 million;
• DEA, Salaries and Expenses, $361 million;
• FBI, Salaries and Expenses, $338 million;
• USMS, Federal Prisoner Detention, $250 million;
• USMS, Salaries and Expenses, $196 million;
• BOP, Buildings and Facilities, $119 million;
• NIST, Construction of Research Facilities, $95 million;
• ITA, Operations and Administration, $50 million;
• BIS, Operations and Administration, $50 million; and
• EDA, Economic Development Assistance Programs, $41 million.

FY2025 Enacted Appropriations

On March 15, 2025, President Trump signed into law the Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 (CR, P.L. 119-4), which provides FY2025 funding for most CJS accounts at the FY2024 enacted level (see Table 1). The CR reduced funding for the following:

• NIST's Scientific and Technical Research and Services account by $223 million (-20.6%), which received a total of $1.080 billion in FY2024;
• NIST's Construction of Research Facilities account by $80 million (-47.8%), which received a total of $168 million in FY2024;
• NOAA's Operations, Research, and Facilities account by $139 million (-3.1%), which received a total of $5.548 billion in FY2024;
• DOJ's State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account by $475 million (-19.2%), which received a total of $2.475 billion in FY2024;
• DOJ's COPS account by $247 million (-37.2%), which received a total of $665 million in FY2024; and
• NASA's Safety, Security and Mission Service account by $37 million (-1.2%), which received a total of $3.129 billion in FY2024.

These reductions represent the FY2024 amount provided to these accounts for community funding projects/congressionally directed spending (also known as earmarks).¹²

The CR increases funding for two CJS accounts: DOJ's Justice Information Sharing Technology, from $30 million to $38 million, and USMS's Federal Prisoner Detention account, from $2.100 billion to $2.236 billion. The CR also increased the obligation cap on the Crime Victims Fund to $1.900 billion.

In total, the CR funds CJS at $82.075 billion for FY2025, which is $1.454 billion (-1.7%) less than the FY2024 enacted appropriation and $5.839 billion (-6.6%) less than the Administration's request. The CR includes the following:

• $10.029 billion for the Department of Commerce, which is $799 million (-7.4%) less than the FY2024 regular appropriation and $1.436 billion (-12.5%) less than the Administration's request;
• $36.901 billion for DOJ, which is $619 million (-1.6%) less than the FY2024 regular appropriation and $2.688 billion (-6.8%) less than the Administration's request;
• $33.908 billion for the science agencies, which is $37 million (-0.1%) less than the FY2024 appropriation and $1.668 billion (-4.7%) less than the Administration's request; and
• $1.237 billion for the related agencies, which is equal to the FY2024 appropriation and $46 million (-3.6%) less than the Administration's request.

Advanced Appropriations

As shown in Table 2, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA, P.L. 117-58) provided advanced appropriations for FY2024 to FY2026 for one NTIA program and two NOAA accounts.¹³ The Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (P.L. 117-159) also provided advanced appropriations for FY2023 to FY2026 for DOJ grant programs under the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance and Community Oriented Policing Services accounts.

Appendix A.

Appendix B. Historical Funding for CJS

Footnotes