Overview of FY2025 Appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS)

Overview of FY2025 Appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS)

Overview of FY2025 Appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS)

Updated August 6, 2024

Congressional Research Service

https://crsreports.congress.gov

R48134

Congressional Research Service

SUMMARY

Overview of FY2025 Appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS)

This report describes actions to provide FY2025 appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) accounts. The annual CJS appropriations act provides funding for the Department of Commerce, which includes bureaus and offices such as the Census Bureau, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology; the Department of Justice (DOJ), which includes agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Bureau of Prisons, the U.S. Marshals Service, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Offices of the U.S. Attorneys; the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; the National Science Foundation; and several related agencies such as the Legal Services Corporation and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

The Administration requests a total of $87.914 billion for the departments and agencies funded through CJS for FY2025. This amount is $4.384 billion (+5.2%) more than regular FY2024 enacted funding for CJS ($83.530 billion). The Administration’s request includes $11.465 billion for the Department of Commerce, which is $637 million (+5.9%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation; $39.589 billion for DOJ, which is $2.069 billion (+5.5%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation; $35.577 billion for the science agencies, which is $1.632 billion (+4.8%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation; and $1.284 billion for the related agencies, which is $46 million (+3.7%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation.

The House Committee on Appropriations marked up and reported its FY2025 CJS appropriations bill (H.R. 9026) on July 9, 2024. The bill would provide a total of $81.940 billion for the departments and agencies funded through the CJS appropriations bill. The amount in the committee-reported bill is $1.590 billion (-1.9%) less than the FY2024 regular appropriation for CJS and $5.974 (-6.8%) less than the Administration’s FY2025 request. The committee-reported bill includes $9.848 billion for the Department of Commerce, which is $980 million (-9.0%) less than the FY2024 regular appropriation and $1.617 billion (-14.1%) less than the Administration’s request; $36.532 billion for DOJ, which is $988 million (-2.6%) less than the FY2024 regular appropriation and $3.057 billion (-7.7%) less than the Administration’s request; $34.445 billion for the science agencies, which is $500 million (+1.5%) more than the FY2024 appropriation and $1.132 billion (-3.2%) less than the Administration’s request; and $1.115 billion for the related agencies, which is $122 million (-9.9%) less than the FY2024 appropriation and $169 million (-13.1%) less than the Administration’s request.

The Senate Committee on Appropriations marked up and reported its FY2025 CJS appropriations bill (S. 4795) on July 25, 2024. The bill would provide a total of $86.248 billion for the departments and agencies funded through the CJS appropriations bill, which includes $4.500 billion in emergency designated funding. The amount in the committee-reported bill is $2.718 billion (3.3%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation for CJS and $1.666 (-1.9%) less than the Administration’s FY2025 request. The committee-reported bill includes the following: $11.545 billion for the Department of Commerce, which is $717 million (6.6%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation and $80 million (0.7%) more than the Administration’s request; $38.426 billion for DOJ, which is $906 million (2.4%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation and $1.163 billion (2.9%) less than the Administration’s request; $34.994 billion for the science agencies, which is $1.049 billion (3.1%) more than the FY2024 appropriation and $583 million (-1.6%) less than the Administration’s request; and $1.284 billion for the related agencies, which is $46 million (3.7%) more than the FY2024 appropriation and equal to the Administration’s request.

R48134

August 6, 2024

Nathan James Analyst in Crime Policy

Overview of FY2025 Appropriations CJS

Congressional Research Service

Contents

Overview of CJS ............................................................................................................................. 1

Department of Commerce ......................................................................................................... 1 Department of Justice ................................................................................................................ 2

Science Offices and Agencies ................................................................................................... 3 Related Agencies ....................................................................................................................... 5

FY2025 Administration’s Request .................................................................................................. 5 House Committee-Reported Bill ..................................................................................................... 6 Senate Committee-Reported Bill ..................................................................................................... 7

Advanced Appropriations .............................................................................................................. 14

Tables

Table 1. Funding for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS): FY2024

Enacted Funding, the Administration’s FY2025 Requested Funding, and the House and Senate Committee-Reported Amounts ......................................................................................... 9

Table 2. Advanced Appropriations for CJS ................................................................................... 14

Table A-1. Nominal Funding for CJS Agencies, by Account: FY2015-FY2024 .......................... 15

Appendixes

Appendix A. Historical Funding for CJS ...................................................................................... 15

Contacts

Author Information ........................................................................................................................ 20

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his report describes actions to provide FY2025 appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) accounts. This report also provides information on FY2024 appropriations for CJS. (Enacted funding for CJS for the past 10 fiscal years can

be found in Table A-1.) The dollar amounts in this report reflect only new appropriations made available for a fiscal year. Therefore, the amounts do not include any rescissions of unobligated or deobligated balances that may be counted as offsets to newly enacted appropriations, nor do they include any scorekeeping adjustments (e.g., the budgetary effects of provisions limiting the availability of the balance in the Crime Victims Fund). In this report, percentage changes are calculated using whole, not rounded, numbers, meaning that in some instances there may be small differences between the actual percentage change and the percentage change that would be calculated by using the rounded amounts discussed in the report. In some instances, amounts in this report differ from amounts for the same account in previous editions of this report because past reports did not reflect supplemental budget requests or because there were differences in how legislative proposals are scored by the Office of Management and Budget and the Congressional Budget Office.

Overview of CJS

The annual CJS appropriations act provides funding for the Department of Commerce, the Department of Justice (DOJ), select science agencies, and several related agencies. Appropriations for the Department of Commerce include funding for bureaus and offices such as the Census Bureau, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Appropriations for DOJ provide funding for agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation; the Bureau of Prisons; the U.S. Marshals; the Drug Enforcement Administration; and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, along with funding for a variety of public safety-related grant programs for state, local, and tribal governments. The vast majority of funding for the science agencies goes to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation.¹ The annual appropriation for the related agencies includes funding for agencies such as the Legal Services Corporation and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

Department of Commerce

The mission of the Department of Commerce is to “create the conditions for economic growth and opportunity.”² The department “works to drive U.S. economic competitiveness, strengthen domestic industry, and spur the growth of quality jobs in all communities across the country.”³ It has wide-ranging responsibilities including trade, economic development, technology, entrepreneurship and business development, monitoring the environment, forecasting weather, managing marine resources, and statistical research and analysis. The department pursues and implements policies that affect trade and economic development by working to open new markets for U.S. goods and services and promoting pro-growth business policies. It also invests in research and development to foster innovation.

1 The science agencies funded in the CJS bill are not the only federal science agencies.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, “About Commerce: Mission,” https://www.commerce.gov/page/about- commerce#mission, (hereinafter, Department of Commerce, “About Commerce: Mission”).

3 Department of Commerce, “About Commerce: Mission.”

T

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The agencies within the Department of Commerce, and their responsibilities, include the following:

• Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) is a federal statistical agency that promotes a better understanding of the U.S. economy by providing timely, relevant, and accurate economic accounts data in an objective and cost-effective manner;

• Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) works to ensure an effective export control and treaty compliance system and promote continued U.S. leadership in strategic technologies by maintaining and strengthening adaptable, efficient, and effective export controls and treaty compliance systems, along with active leadership and involvement in international export control regimes;

• Census Bureau is a federal statistical agency that collects data and disseminates information about the U.S. economy, society, and institutions, which fosters economic growth, advances scientific understanding, and facilitates informed decisions;

• Economic Development Administration (EDA) promotes innovation and competitiveness, preparing American regions for growth and success in the worldwide economy;

• International Trade Administration (ITA) seeks to strengthen the international competitiveness of U.S. industry, promote trade and investment, and ensure fair trade and compliance with trade laws and agreements;

• Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) promotes the growth and competitiveness of minority owned businesses through the mobilization and advancement of public and private sector programs, policy, and research;

• National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve quality of life;

• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides daily weather forecasts, severe storm warnings, climate monitoring, fisheries management, coastal restoration, and support of marine commerce;

• National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) advises the President on communications and information policy; and

• United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) fosters innovation, competitiveness, and economic growth domestically and abroad by providing high-quality and timely examination of patent and trademark applications, guiding domestic and international intellectual property (IP) policy, and delivering IP information and education worldwide.

Department of Justice

DOJ’s mission is to “uphold the rule of law, to keep our country safe, and to protect civil rights.”⁴ DOJ also provides legal advice and opinions, upon request, to the President and executive branch department heads.

4 U.S. Department of Justice, “About DOJ,” https://www.justice.gov/about.

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The major DOJ offices and agencies and their functions are as follows:

• Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) enforces federal law related to the manufacture, importation, and distribution of alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and explosives;

• Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) aims to advance the practice of community policing by the nation’s state, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies through information and grant resources;

• Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) investigates federal drug law violations; coordinates its efforts with other federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies; develops and maintains drug intelligence systems; regulates the manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of legitimate controlled substances; and conducts joint intelligence-gathering activities with foreign governments;

• Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) investigates violations of federal criminal law; helps protect the United States against terrorism and hostile intelligence efforts; provides assistance to other federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies; and shares jurisdiction with the Drug Enforcement Administration for the investigation of federal drug violations;

• Federal Prison System (Bureau of Prisons; BOP) houses offenders sentenced to a term of incarceration for a federal crime and provides for the operation and maintenance of the federal prison system;

• Office of the United States Attorneys (USAO) prosecutes violations of federal criminal laws, represents the federal government in civil actions, and initiates proceedings for the collection of fines, penalties, and forfeitures owed to the United States;

• Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) provides federal leadership in developing the nation’s capacity to reduce violence against women and administer justice for and strengthen services to victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking;

• Office of Justice Programs (OJP) manages and coordinates the activities of the Bureau of Justice Assistance; Bureau of Justice Statistics; National Institute of Justice; Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; Office of Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking; and Office for Victims of Crime; and

• United States Marshals Service (USMS) provides security for the federal judiciary, protects witnesses, executes warrants and court orders, manages seized assets, detains and transports alleged and convicted offenders, and apprehends fugitives.

Science Offices and Agencies

The science offices and agencies support research and development and related activities across a wide variety of federal missions, including national competitiveness, space exploration, and fundamental discovery.

• Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) provides the President and others within the Executive Office of the President with advice on the scientific, engineering, and technological aspects of issues that require the attention of the

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federal government.⁵ The OSTP director also manages the National Science and Technology Council,⁶ which coordinates science and technology policy across the executive branch of the federal government, and co-chairs the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology,⁷ a council of external advisors that provides advice to the President on matters related to science and technology policy.

• National Space Council, in the Executive Office of the President, is a coordinating body for U.S. space policy. Chaired by the Vice President, it consists of the Secretaries of State, Defense, Commerce, Transportation, and Homeland Security; the Administrator of NASA; and other senior officials. The council was first established in 1988 through P.L. 100-685.⁸ The council ceased operations in 1993, and was reestablished by the Trump Administration in June 2017.⁹

• National Science Foundation (NSF) supports basic research and education in the nonmedical sciences and engineering. The foundation was established as an independent federal agency “to promote the progress of science; to advance the national health, prosperity, and welfare; to secure the national defense; and for other purposes.”¹⁰ The NSF is a primary source of federal support for U.S. university-based research in the nonmedical sciences and engineering. It is also responsible for significant shares of the federal science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education program portfolio and federal STEM student aid and support.

• National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was created to conduct civilian space and aeronautics activities.¹¹ It has five mission directorates. The Space Operations Mission Directorate and the Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate are responsible for human spaceflight activities, including the International Space Station and development efforts for future crewed spacecraft. The Science Mission Directorate manages robotic science missions, such as the Hubble Space Telescope, the Mars rover Curiosity, and satellites for Earth science research. The Space Technology Mission Directorate develops new technologies for use in future space missions, such as advanced propulsion and laser communications. The Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate conducts research and development on aircraft and aviation systems. In addition, NASA’s Office of STEM Engagement (formerly the Office of Education) manages education programs for schoolchildren, college and university students, and the general public.

5 National Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 (P.L. 94-282).

6 Executive Order 12881, issued November 23, 1993, established the National Science and Technology Council.

7 Executive Order 13539, issued October 22, 2019, established the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.

8 Title V of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1989 (P.L. 100-685), which was signed into law by President George H.W. Bush on November 17, 1988, established the National Space Council in the Executive Office of the President, effective February 1, 1989. President Bush established the council, its members, and its functions through Executive Order 12675, issued on April 20, 1989.

9 Executive Order 13803, issued June 30, 2017.

10 The National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (P.L. 81-507).

11 National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-568).

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Related Agencies

The annual CJS appropriations act includes funding for several related agencies:

• Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is responsible for enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee because of the person’s race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy, gender identity, and sexual orientation), national origin, age (40 or older), disability, or genetic information;

• International Trade Commission investigates the effects of dumped and subsidized imports on domestic industries and conducts global safeguard investigations, adjudicates cases involving imports that allegedly infringe intellectual property rights, and serves as a resource for trade data and other trade policy-related information;

• Legal Services Corporation (LSC) is a federally funded nonprofit corporation that provides financial support for civil legal aid to low-income Americans;

• Marine Mammal Commission works for the conservation of marine mammals by providing science-based oversight of domestic and international policies and actions of federal agencies with a mandate to address human effects on marine mammals and their ecosystems;

• Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) is responsible for developing and coordinating U.S. international trade, commodity, and direct investment policy, and overseeing negotiations with other countries;

• State Justice Institute is a federally funded nonprofit corporation that awards grants to improve the quality of justice in state courts and foster innovative, efficient solutions to common issues faced by all courts; and

• U.S. Commission on Civil Rights informs the development of national civil rights policy and enhances enforcement of federal civil rights laws.

FY2025 Administration’s Request

For FY2025, the Administration requests a total of $87.914 billion for the departments and agencies funded through CJS. This amount is $4.384 billion (+5.2%) more than regular FY2024 enacted funding for CJS ($83.530 billion). The Administration’s request includes the following:

• $11.465 billion for the Department of Commerce, which is $637 million (+5.9%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation;

• $39.589 billion for DOJ, which is $2.069 billion (+5.5%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation;

• $35.577 billion for the science agencies, which is $1.632 billion (+4.8%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation; and

• $1.284 billion for the related agencies, which is $46 million (+3.7%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation.

The Administration designates the following amounts under the following accounts as emergency spending in its FY2025 request:

• NSF, Research and Related Activities, $420 million;

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• NASA, Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration, $296 million;

• NOAA, Procurement, Acquisition, and Construction, $180 million;

• BOP, Buildings and Facilities, $179 million; and

• NOAA, Operations, Research, and Facilities, $15 million.

The Administration requests funding for nearly all Commerce accounts at a level equal to or greater than the FY2024 regular appropriation. The two exceptions are NOAA’s Operations, Research, and Facilities (-$176 million, -3.9%) and NIST’s Scientific and Technical Research and Services (-$105 million, -9.7%) accounts.

As it does for Commerce, the Administration requests funding at or above the FY2024 regular appropriation for nearly all of DOJ’s accounts. Two exceptions are accounts that provide grants for the criminal justice system: the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance (-$466 million, -18.8%) and the COPS (-$131 million, -19.6%) accounts, though the decrease is partly due to the fact that for FY2024 both these accounts included community funding projects identified by Congress and the Administration does not request congressionally directed funding.

The Administration’s request for NASA overall is $509 million (+2.0%) greater than the FY2024 regular appropriation, but the Administration requests reduced funding for two NASA accounts: Exploration (-$48 million, -0.6%) and Safety, Security, and Mission Services (-$85 million, -2.7%).

The Administration’s request for NSF is $1.123 billion (+12.4%) greater than the FY2024 regular appropriation. The Administration’s request for all of NSF’s accounts is greater than the FY2024 regular appropriation.

The FY2025 request for all of the related agencies is at or above the FY2024 regular appropriation.

House Committee-Reported Bill

The House Committee on Appropriations marked up and reported its FY2025 CJS appropriations bill (H.R. 9026, H.Rept. 118-582) on July 9, 2024. The bill would provide a total of $81.940 billion for the departments and agencies funded through the CJS appropriations bill. The amount in the committee-reported bill is $1.590 billion (-1.9%) less than the FY2024 regular appropriation for CJS and $5.974 (-6.8%) less than the Administration’s FY2025 request. The committee-reported bill includes the following:

• $9.848 billion for the Department of Commerce, which is $980 million (-9.0%) less than the FY2024 regular appropriation and $1.617 billion (-14.1%) less than the Administration’s request;

• $36.532 billion for DOJ, which is $988 million (-2.6%) less than the FY2024 regular appropriation and $3.057 billion (-7.7%) less than the Administration’s request;

• $34.445 billion for the science agencies, which is $500 million (+1.5%) more than the FY2024 appropriation and $1.132 billion (-3.2%) less than the Administration’s request; and

• $1.115 billion for the related agencies, which is $122 million (-9.9%) less than the FY2024 appropriation and $169 million (-13.1%) less than the Administration’s request.

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The committee-reported bill would fund most Commerce accounts below the FY2024 regular appropriation. Exceptions include EDA’s Salaries and Expenses account, the Census Bureau’s Periodic Censuses and Programs account, NIST’s Industrial Technology Services account, and NOAA’s Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery account, which would all be funded at the FY2024 level. The committee-reported bill only proposed increased funding, relative to the FY2024 level, for the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (which is fully offset by user fees) and NIST’s Construction of Research Facilities account (+$32 million, +19.0%). The committee-reported bill would fund many of Commerce’s accounts below the Administration’s request. Committee- recommended funding for NIST’s Industrial and Technology Services account and NOAA’s Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery account is equal to the Administration’s request. The committee’s recommended funding for NIST’s Scientific and Technical Research and Services account (+$28 million, +2.9%) is greater than the Administration’s request.

The committee-reported bill would decrease funding for several DOJ agencies, such as the U.S. Attorneys (-$299 million, -11.5%), FBI (-$368 million, -3.4%), and ATF (-$189 million, -11.6%), relative to the FY2024 regular appropriation. The committee-reported bill would also decrease funding available for grants under the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance (-$265 million, -10.7%), Office on Violence Against Women (-$46 million, -6.5%), and Juvenile Justice Programs (-$50 million, -13.3%) accounts. The committee-reported bill would increase funding for USMS (+$49 million, +1.3%), DEA (+$194 million, +7.6%), BOP (+$93 million, +1.1%), and the COPS account (+$5 million, +0.8%) relative to the FY2024 regular appropriation. The committee-reported bill recommends funding for many DOJ accounts at a level below the Administration’s request. Exceptions include the DEA (+$74 million, +2.8%), BOP’s Buildings and Facilities account (+$13 million, +4.9%), the COPS account (+$136 million, +25.5%), and the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account (+$201 million, +10.0%).

Overall funding for NASA in the committee-reported bill is higher than the FY2024 appropriation (+$304 million, +1.2%), and the committee proposed higher funding for many of NASA’s accounts. However, the committee-reported bill proposes decreased funding for NASA’s Exploration (-$48 million, -0.6%); Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Engagement (-$54 million, -37.8%); and Safety, Security, and Mission Services (-$85 million, -2.7%) accounts. Overall funding for NASA is lower than the Administration’s request (-$205 million, -0.8%), but the committee recommended funding for several of NASA’s accounts equal to the Administration’s request, and proposed funding the Space Operations account above (+$84 million, +1.9%) the Administration’s request. The committee-reported bill would fund the Science (-$232 million, -3.1%), STEM Engagement (-$55 million, -38.0%), and Office of the Inspector General (-$3 million, -5.7%) accounts below the Administration’s request.

The committee-reported bill would increase funding for NSF (+$199 million, +2.2%) relative to the FY2024 appropriation, though the committee recommended lower funding for NSF’s STEM Education account (-$172 million, -14.7%). The committee-reported bill would fund all of NSF’s accounts below the Administration’s request.

The committee-reported bill would fund all of the related agencies at a level below both the FY2024 appropriation and the Administration’s request.

Senate Committee-Reported Bill

The Senate Committee on Appropriations marked up and reported its FY2025 CJS appropriations bill (S. 4795, S.Rept. 118-198) on July 25, 2024. The bill would provide a total of $86.248 billion for the departments and agencies funded through the CJS appropriations bill. The amount in the committee-reported bill is $2.718 billion (+3.3%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation for

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CJS and $1.666 (-1.9%) less than the Administration’s FY2025 request. The committee-reported bill includes the following:

• $11.545 billion for the Department of Commerce, which is $717 million (6.6%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation and $80 million (0.7%) more than the Administration’s request;

• $38.426 billion for DOJ, which is $906 million (2.4%) more than the FY2024 regular appropriation and $1.163 billion (2.9%) less than the Administration’s request;

• $34.994 billion for the science agencies, which is $1.049 billion (3.1%) more than the FY2024 appropriation and $583 million (-1.6%) less than the Administration’s request; and

• $1.284 billion for the related agencies, which is $46 million (3.7%) more than the FY2024 appropriation and equal to the Administration’s request.

The Senate committee-reported bill would fund most Commerce accounts at or above the FY2024 regular appropriation. The one exception is NIST’s Scientific and Technical Research and Services account, which would receive $16 million (-1.5%) less than the FY2024 regular appropriation. The committee-reported bill would fund many Commerce accounts at or below the Administration’s request. However, the committee recommends funding above the Administration’s request for NIST’s Scientific and Technical Research and Services account (+$89 million, +9.2%); NIST’s Industrial Technology Services account (+$13 million, +6.1%); NOAA’s Operations, Research, and Facilities account (+$307 million, +7.0%); and NOAA’s Pacific Coastal Salmon Recover account (+$5 million, +7.7%).

The Senate committee-reported bill would fund most DOJ accounts at a level equal to or above the FY2024 regular appropriation. Two exceptions are proposed funding for the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account (-$326 million, -13.2%) and the COPS account (-$116 million, -17.5%). The committee recommended funding most of DOJ’s accounts at or below the Administration’s request; however, there are few exceptions. The committee-reported bill would increase funding relative to the Administration’s request for the Antitrust Division (+$16 million, +5.6%), USMS’s Federal Prisoner Detention account (+$100 million, +4.7%), FBI’s Construction account (+$150 million, +242.3%), BOP’s Building and Facilities account (+$30 million, +11.5%), the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account (+$140 million, +7.0%) and the COPS account (+$14 million, +2.6%). The committee’s bill would also increase the obligation cap on the Crime Victims Fund by $400 million (+26.7%) relative to the Administration’s request.

The Senate committee-reported bill would increase funding for NASA by $559 million (+2.2%) relative to the FY2024 regular appropriation. Recommended funding for many of NASA accounts would be above the FY2024-enacted level, with the exception of the Exploration account (-$18 million, -0.2%) and the Safety, Security, and Mission Services account (-$85 million, -2.7%). The committee proposed funding NASA at a level above the Administration’s request (+$50 million, +0.2%). It recommends funding most of NASA’s accounts at a level equal to the Administration’s request, with increases for the Science account (+$10 million, +0.1%), Exploration account (+$30 million, +0.4%), and Space Operations account (+$10 million, +0.2%).

The Senate committee-reported bill would increase funding for NSF (+$490 million, +5.4%) relative to the FY2024 regular appropriation, with the committee recommending increased funding for all of NSF’s accounts. It recommends funding NSF below the Administration’s request (-$633 million, -9.1%). The committee-reported bill would fund all of NSF’s accounts at a level equal to or below the Administration’s request.

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The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends funding for all of the related agencies at level equal to or greater than the FY2024 regular appropriation. The committee-reported bill would fund all of the related agencies at the level requested by the Administration.

The committee-reported bill includes a total of $4.500 billion in emergency designated funding. Accounts with emergency funding, and the amount of such funding, are as follows:

• NASA, Exploration, $1.212 billion;

• NSF, Research and Related Activities, $973 million;

• NOAA, Procurement, Acquisition, and Construction, $815 million;

• DEA, Salaries and Expenses, $361 million;

• FBI, Salaries and Expenses, $338 million;

• USMS, Federal Prisoner Detention, $250 million;

• USMS, Salaries and Expenses, $196 million;

• BOP, Buildings and Facilities, $119 million;

• NIST, Construction of Research Facilities, $95 million;

• ITA, Operations and Administration, $50 million;

• BIS, Operations and Administration, $50 million; and

• EDA, Economic Development Assistance Programs, $41 million.

Table 1. Funding for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS):

FY2024 Enacted Funding, the Administration’s FY2025 Requested Funding, and the

House and Senate Committee-Reported Amounts

(appropriations in millions of dollars)

Departments and

Related Agencies

FY2024

Enacteda

FY2025

Administration’s

Request

FY2025

House

Committee-

Reported Bill

FY2025

Senate

Committee-

Reported Bill

FY2025

Enacted

Department of Commerce

International Trade Administration

$623.0 $657.5 $570.0 $648.0

Offsetting Fee Collections (International Trade Administration)

-12.0 -12.0 -12.0 -12.0

Bureau of Industry and Security 191.0 223.4 186.7 206.0

Economic Development Administration

468.0 522.9 324.5 483.0

Economic Development Assistance Programs

(68.0) (85.9) (68.0) (73.0)

Salaries and Expenses (400.0) (437.0) (256.5) (410.0)

Minority Business Development Agency

68.3 80.0 55.0 70.0

Economic and Statistical Analysis 125.0 138.5 116.0 130.0

Census Bureau 1,382.5 1,577.7 1,354.0 1,577.7

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Departments and

Related Agencies

FY2024

Enacteda

FY2025

Administration’s

Request

FY2025

House

Committee-

Reported Bill

FY2025

Senate

Committee-

Reported Bill

FY2025

Enacted

Current Surveys and Programs

(328.5) (367.3) (300.0) (367.3)

Periodic Censuses and Programs

(1,054.0) (1,210.3) (1,054.0) (1,210.3)

National Telecommunications and Information Administration

59.0 67.0 56.5 61.7

Salaries and Expenses (57.0) (65.0) (55.0) (59.7)

Facilities Management and Construction

(2.0) (2.0) (1.5) (2.0)

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)b

4,195.8 4,554.9 4,554.9 4,554.9

Offsetting Fee Receipts (USPTO) -4,159.8 -4,554.9 -4,554.9 -4,554.9

National Institute of Standards and Technology

1,460.0 1,498.5 1,415.0 1,534.8

Scientific and Technical Research and Services

(1,080.0) (975.0) (1,003.0) (1,064.2)

Industrial Technology Services

(212.0) (212.0) (212.0) (225.0)

Manufacturing Extension Partnership

(175.0) (175.0) (175.0) (175.0)

Manufacturing USA Programc

(37.0) (37.0) (37.0) (50.0)

Construction of Research Facilities, new appropriation

(168.0) (311.5) (200.0) (245.6)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

6,319.0 6,547.0 5,642.8 6,699.2

Operations, Research, and Facilitiesd

(4,548.5) (4,372.2) (4,211.0) (4,679.1)

Procurement, Acquisition, and Construction

(1,719.9) (2,121.4) (1,378.2) (1,961.5)

Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund

(65.0) (65.0) (65.0) (70.0)

Fishermen’s Contingency Fund

(0.3) (0.3) (0.3) (0.3)

Fisheries Finance Program Account

(-15.0) (-12.0) (-12.0) (-12.0)

Fisheries Disaster Assistance Fund

(0.3) — (0.3) (0.3)

Departmental Management 143.6 164.3 139.1 146.1

Overview of FY2025 Appropriations CJS

Congressional Research Service 11

Departments and

Related Agencies

FY2024

Enacteda

FY2025

Administration’s

Request

FY2025

House

Committee-

Reported Bill

FY2025

Senate

Committee-

Reported Bill

FY2025

Enacted

Subtotal: Department of Commerce

10,827.4 11,464.7 9,847.6 11,544.6

Department of Justice

General Administration 1,151.0 1,510.0 1,051.0 1,302.0

Justice Operations, Management, and Accountabilitye

(142.0) (163.9) (113.0) (145.0)

Justice Information Sharing Technology

(30.0) (202.4) (38.0) (155.0)

Executive Office of Immigration Review

(840.0) (977.1) (756.0) (856.0)

Office of the Inspector General

(139.0) (166.9) (144.0) (146.0)

U.S. Parole Commission 14.0 15.5 14.0 14.6

Legal Activities 4,010.7 4,442.9 3,564.0 4,189.7

General Legal Activities (1,090.0) (1,194.5) (988.5) (1,130.0)

U.S. Attorneys (2,611.0) (2,826.4) (2,312.0) (2,664.0)

Antitrust Division (233.0) (288.0) (192.8) (304.0)

Offsetting Fee Collections (Antitrust Division)

(-278.0) (-304.0) (-304.0) (-304.0)

U.S. Trustee Program (245.0) (263.5) (245.0) (250.0)

Offsetting Fee Collections (U.S. Trustee Program)

(-230.0) (-245.0) (-245.0) (-245.0)

Foreign Claims Settlement Commission

(2.5) (2.7) (2.5) (2.5)

Fees and Expenses of Witnesses

(270.0) (320.0) (320.0) (320.0)

Community Relations Service

(24.0) (29.1) — (25.0)

Assets Forfeiture Fundf (20.5) (20.5) (20.5) (20.5)

Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund

(22.7) (36.7) (31.7) (22.7)

Office for Access to Justice — (10.5) — —

United States Marshals Service 3,807.0 4,024.3 3,855.7 3,991.7

Salaries and Expenses (1,692.0) (1,865.6) (1,715.7) (1,733.0)

Construction (15.0) (18.0) (15.0) (18.0)

Federal Prisoner Detention (2,100.0) (2,140.7) (2,125.0) (2,240.7)

National Security Division 128.0 143.5 120.7 133.5

Interagency Law Enforcement 547.0 550.5 547.0 550.5

Federal Bureau of Investigation 10,673.7 11,334.8 10,306.0 10,973.7

Overview of FY2025 Appropriations CJS

Congressional Research Service 12

Departments and

Related Agencies

FY2024

Enacteda

FY2025

Administration’s

Request

FY2025

House

Committee-

Reported Bill

FY2025

Senate

Committee-

Reported Bill

FY2025

Enacted

Salaries and Expenses (10,643.7) (11,272.9) (10,276.0) (10,761.8)

Construction (30.0) (61.9) (30.0) (211.9)

Drug Enforcement Administration

2,567.0 2,687.0 2,760.9 2,600.0

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

1,625.0 1,952.0 1,436.5 1,685.0

Federal Prison System 8,575.1 8,820.3 8,668.3 8,785.5

Salaries and Expenses (8,392.6) (8,557.3) (8,392.6) (8,492.6)

Building and Facilities (179.8) (260.2) (273.0) (290.2)

Limitation on Administrative Expenses, Federal Prison Industries

(2.7) (2.7) (2.7) (2.7)

Office on Violence Against Women

713.0g 800.0 667.0 739.5

Office of Justice Programs 3,123.9 2,773.8 2,870.9 2,912.1

Research, Evaluation, and Statistics

(65.0) (77.0) (55.0) (75.0)

State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance

(2,475.1) (2,009.0) (2,210.1) (2,149.3)

Juvenile Justice Programs (375.0) (407.0) (325.0) (407.0)

Public Safety Officers Benefits

(208.8) (280.8) (280.8) (280.8)

Community Oriented Policing Services

664.5 534.0 670.0 548.1

Obligation Cap on the Crime Victims Fund

1,353.0 1,500.0 1,500.0 1,900.0

Offsetting Receipts -1,353.0 -1,500.0 -1,500.0 -1,900.0

Subtotal: Department of Justice

37,519.9 39,588.7 36,532.0 38,426.0

Science Agencies

Office of Science and Technology Policy

8.0 8.0 5.5 8.0

National Space Council 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

24,875.0 25,383.7 25,178.6 25,433.7

Science (7,334.2) (7,565.7) (7,334.2) (7,575.7)

Aeronautics (935.0) (965.8) (965.8) (965.8)

Space Technology (1,100.0) (1,181.8) (1,181.8) (1,181.8)

Exploration (7,666.2) (7,618.2) (7,618.2) (7,648.2)

Space Operations (4,220.0) (4,389.7) (4,473.5) (4,399.7)

Overview of FY2025 Appropriations CJS

Congressional Research Service 13

Departments and

Related Agencies

FY2024

Enacteda

FY2025

Administration’s

Request

FY2025

House

Committee-

Reported Bill

FY2025

Senate

Committee-

Reported Bill

FY2025

Enacted

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Engagement

(143.0) (143.5) (89.0) (143.0)

Safety, Security, and Mission Services

(3,129.0) (3,044.4) (3,044.4) (3,044.4)

Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration

(300.0) (424.1) (424.1) (424.1)

Inspector General (47.6) (50.5) (47.6) (50.5)

National Science Foundation 9,060.0 10,183.0 9,258.6 9,550.0

Research and Related Activities

(7,176.5) (8,045.3) (7,546.6) (7,528.3)

STEM Education (1,172.0) (1,300.0) (1,000.0) (1,225.0)

Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction

(234.0) (300.0) (235.0) (300.0)

Agency Operations and Award Management

(448.0) (504.0) (448.0) (465.0)

National Science Board (5.1) (5.2) (4.6) (5.2)

Office of the Inspector General

(24.4) (28.5) (24.4) (26.5)

Subtotal: Science Agencies 33,944.9 35,576.7 34,444.7 34,993.7

Related Agencies

U.S. Commission on Civil Rights 14.4 14.9 13.0 14.9

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

455.0 488.2 420.0 488.2

International Trade Commission 122.0 126.1 115.0 126.1

Legal Services Corporation 560.0 566.0 489.0 566.0

Marine Mammal Commission 4.5 5.0 4.2 5.0

Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, Salaries and Expenses

59.0 61.0 53.0 61.0

Trade Enforcement Trust Fund 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0

State Justice Institute 7.6 7.6 6.0 7.6

Subtotal: Related Agencies 1,237.5 1,283.9 1,115.2 1,283.9

CJS Total 83,529.7 87,914.0 81,939.5 86,248.0

Rescission of Unobligated Balances

-13,663.3 -10,730.0 -780.0 -10,041.0

Sources: FY2024 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 118-42, printed in the March 5, 2024 Congressional Record (pp. S1398-S1416). The amounts for the Administration’s request and the House committee-reported bill were taken from the report to accompany H.R. 9026 (H.Rept.

Overview of FY2025 Appropriations CJS

Congressional Research Service 14

118-582). Amounts for the Senate committee-reported bill were taken from the report to accompany S. 4795 (S.Rept. 118-198). Notes: The accounts presented in Table 1 are consistent with those used by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) to score the CJS appropriations bill. Amounts in parentheses are subaccounts and not offsets. a. FY2024 enacted amounts do not include any appropriations from the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA, P.L. 117-58) or the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (BSCA, P.L. 117-159).

b. Funding for the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is fully derived from user fees.

c. The Manufacturing USA Program was formerly known as the National Network for Manufacturing Innovation.

d. The amount for the Operations, Research, and Facilities account includes a transfer from the Promote and Develop Fishery Products and Research Pertaining to American Fisheries Fund.

e. This account was formerly called the “General Administration, Salaries and Expenses” account. The account name was changed in P.L. 118-42.

f. As a part of the annual CJS appropriations act, Congress traditionally sets a limit on the amount of expenses that can be paid for the purposes authorized under subparagraphs (B), (F), and (G) of Section 524(c)(1) of Title 28 of the United States Code.

g. This amount includes an $80 million transfer from the Crime Victims Fund to the Office on Violence Against Women.

Advanced Appropriations

As shown in Table 2, the IIJA provided advanced appropriations for FY2024 to FY2026 for one NTIA program and two NOAA accounts.¹² The BSCA also provided advanced appropriations for FY2023 to FY2026 for DOJ grant programs under the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance and Community Oriented Policing Services accounts.

Table 2. Advanced Appropriations for CJS

(appropriations in millions of dollars)

FY2024 FY2025 FY2026

Department of Commerce

National Telecommunications and Information Administration $550.0 $550.0 $550.0

Digital Equity (550.0) (550.0) (550.0)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 550.0 550.0 541.4

Operations, Research, and Facilities (515.6) (515.6) (507.0)

Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery (34.4) (34.4) (34.4)

Department of Justice

State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance 280.0 280.0 280.0

Community Oriented Policing Services 20.0 20.0 20.0

Total 1,400.0 1,400.0 1,391.4

Source: Text of P.L. 117-58 and P.L. 117-159. Notes: The accounts presented in Table 2 are consistent with those used by CBO to score the CJS appropriations bill. Amounts in parentheses are subaccounts and not offsets.

12 For more information on advanced appropriations, see CRS Report R43482, Advance Appropriations, Forward Funding, and Advance Funding: Concepts, Practice, and Budget Process Considerations.

CRS-15

Appendix A. Historical Funding for CJS

Table A-1. Nominal Funding for CJS Agencies, by Account: FY2015-FY2024

(appropriations in millions of dollars)

Bureau or Agency FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 FY2018 FY2019 FY2020 FY2021 FY2022 FY2023 FY2024

Department of Commerce

International Trade Administration

$462.0 $483.0 $483.0 $482.0 $484.0 $510.3 $530.0 $559.0 $613.0 $611.0

Bureau of Industry and Security

102.5 112.5 112.5 113.5 118.1 127.7 133.0 163.1 191.0 191.0

Economic Development Administration

250.0 261.0 276.0 901.5 904.0 1,833.0 3,346.0 373.5 1,616.0 468.0

Minority Business Development Agency

30.0 32.0 34.0 39.0 40.0 52.0 73.0 55.0 70.0 68.3

Economic and Statistical Analysis

100.0 109.0 107.3 99.0 101.0 108.0 111.9 116.0 130.0 125.0

Census Bureau 1,088.0 1,370.0 1,470.0 2,814.0 3,821.4 7,558.3 1,106.6 1,354.0 1,485.0 1,382.5

National Telecommunications and Information Administration

38.2 39.5 32.0 39.5 39.5 40.4 45.5 46,050.0 612.0 609.0

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)

3,458.0 3,272.0 3,230.0 3,500.0 3,370.0 3,450.7 3,695.3 4,058.4 4,253.4 4,195.8

Offsetting Fee Receipts (USPTO)

-3,458.0 -3,272.0 -3,230.0 -3,500.0 -3,370.0 -3.450.7 -3,695.3 -4,058.4 -4,253.4 -4,195.8

National Institute of Standards and Technology

863.9 964.0 952.0 1,198.5 985.5 1,100.0 1,034.5 1,252.1 1,694.3 1,460.0

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

5,441.0 5,765.6 5,675.4 6,309.5 5,720.3 5,688.2 5,730.6 10,304.0 7,578.8 6,869.0

Departmental Management 91.1 109.1 94.7 140.9 95.7 115.0 128.1 146.9 179.1 143.6

Commerce Subtotal 8,466.7 9,245.6 9,237.0 12,137.4 12,309.5 17,132.8 12,239.2 60,373.6 14,169.2 11,927.4

CRS-16

Bureau or Agency FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 FY2018 FY2019 FY2020 FY2021 FY2022 FY2023 FY2024

Department of Justice

General Administration 435.6 659.0 676.7 746.8 870.4 926.6 998.6 1,106.8 1,278.0 1,151.0

Justice Operations, Management, and Accountabilitya

(137.3) (142.5) (145.1) (149.0) (145.0) (152.6) (158.0)b (232.8) (283.0) (163.9)

Administrative Review & Appeals

(347.1) (422.8) — — — — — — — —

Executive Office for Immigration Review

— — (436.0) (500.5) (624.4) (669.0) (730.0) (756.0) (856.0) (840.0)

Office of the Inspector General

(88.6) (93.7) (95.6) (97.3) (101.0) (105.0) (110.6) (118.0) (139.0) (139.0)

U.S. Parole Commission 13.3 13.3 13.3 13.3 13.0 13.3 13.5 14.2 14.6 14.0

Legal Activities 3,220.2 3,314.6 3,353.8 3,386.6 3,329.4 3,443.4 3,578.9 3,648.3 4,140.8 4,010.7

General legal activities (885.0) (893.0) (897.5) (897.5) (904.0) (920.0) (960.0) (1,009.7) (1,138.0) (1,090.0)

U.S. Attorneys (1,960.0) (2,000.0) (2,035.0) (2,136.8) (2,212.0) (2,257.5) (2,342.2) (2,424.9) (2,632.0) (2,611.0)

Otherc (375.2) (421.6) (421.3) (352.3) (213.4) (265.8) (276.8) (213.7) (370.8) (309.7)

U.S. Marshals Service 1,700.1d 2,700.0 2,713.5 2,903.4 3,081.7 3,327.5 3,682.6 3,728.3 3,852.8 3,807.0

National Security Division 93.0 95.0 96.0 101.0 101.4 110.0 117.5 121.8 133.5 128.0

Interagency Law Enforcement

507.2 512.0 517.0 542.9 560.0 550.5 550.5 550.5 550.5 547.0

Federal Bureau of Investigation

8,436.6 8,798.8 9,006.4 9,421.4 9,577.1 9,972.9 10,493.8 10,961.9 11,343.2 10,673.7

Drug Enforcement Administration

2,033.3 2,080.0 2,103.0 2,201.8 2,267.0 2,294.2 2,386.3 2,421.5 2,563.1 2,567.0

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives

1,201.0 1,240.0 1,258.6 1,293.8 1,316.7 1,400.0 1,483.9 1,531.1 1,747.0 1,625.0

Federal Prison System 6,923.7 7,481.2 7,141.5 7,328.3 7,545.1 7,880.7 8,138.1 8,102.7 8,685.3 8,575.1

CRS-17

Bureau or Agency FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 FY2018 FY2019 FY2020 FY2021 FY2022 FY2023 FY2024

Office of Violence Against Women (OVW)

430.0 101.0e 155.5f —g —h 67.5i 78.5i —j 700.0 713.0k

Office of Justice Programs (OJP)

1,690.8 1,883.0 1,705.8 2,169.3 2,218.8 3,282.8 2,485.8 3,075.0 3,341.6 3,403.9

Research, Evaluation, and Statistics

(111.0) (116.0) (89.0) (90.0) (80.0) (79.0) (82.0) (70.0) (77.0) (65.0)

State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance

(1,241.0) (1,408.5) (1,280.5) (1,680.0) (1,723.0) (2,742.0) (1,914.0) (2,493.0) (2,696.8) (2,755.1)

Juvenile Justice Programs

(251.5) (270.2) (247.0) (282.5) (287.0) (320.0) (346.0) (360.0) (400.0) (375.0)

Public Safety Officers Benefits

(87.3) (88.3) (89.3) (116.8) (128.8) (141.8) (143.8) (152.0) (167.8) (208.8)

Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS)

208.0 212.0 221.5 275.5 303.5 343.0 386.0 531.7 682.9 684.5

DOJ Subtotal 27,030.2 29,089.8 28,962.5 30,384.0 31,184.1 33,612.2 34,393.9 35,793.8 39,033.2 37,819.9

Science Agencies

Office of Science and Technology Policy

5.6 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.6 8.0 8.0

National Space Council — — — 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

18,010.2 19,285.0 19,762.3 20,817.4 21,500.0 22,689.0 23,271.3 24,362.7 25,573.1 24,875.0

National Science Foundation 7,344.2 7,463.5 7,472.2 7,783.7 8,075.0 8,354.3 8,486.8 8,863.0 9,876.4 9,060.0

Science Agencies Subtotal

25,360.0 26,754.0 27,240.1 28,608.6 29,582.5 31,050.8 31,765.5 33,234.3 35,459.5 33,944.9

Related Agencies

U.S. Commission on Civil Rights

9.2 9.2 9.2 9.7 10.1 10.5 12.5 13.0 14.4 14.4

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

364.5 364.5 364.5 379.5 379.5 389.5 404.5 420.0 455.0 455.0

CRS-18

Bureau or Agency FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 FY2018 FY2019 FY2020 FY2021 FY2022 FY2023 FY2024

International Trade Commission

84.5 88.5 91.5 93.7 95.0 99.4 103.0 110.0 122.4 122.0

Legal Services Corporation 375.0 385.0 385.0 425.0 430.0 490.0 465.0 529.0 580.0 560.0

Marine Mammal Commission

3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.8 4.2 4.5 4.5

U.S. Trade Representative 54.3 54.5 47.0 57.6 53.0 104.0 55.0 56.0 61.0 59.0

Trade Enforcement Trust Fund

— — 15.0 15.0 15.0 55.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0

State Justice Institute 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 6.0 6.6 7.0 7.2 7.6 7.6

Commission on the State of the U.S. Olympics and Paralympics

— — — — — — — 2.0 — —

Related Agencies Subtotal

895.9 910.3 920.8 989.1 992.1 1,158.6 1,065.8 1,156.4 1,259.9 1,237.5

Total Appropriation 61,752.7 65,999.7 66,360.3 72,119.0 74,068.1 82,954.5 79,464.4 130,558.1 89,921.8 84,929.7

Rescission of Unobligated Balances

-679.6 -878.7 -1,142.3 -661.1 -1,060.8 -364.0 -425.0 -516.8 -1,370.8 -13,663.3

Sources: FY2015 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 113-235, printed in the December 11, 2014, Congressional Record (pp. H9342-H9363); FY2016 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 114-113, printed in the December 17, 2015, Congressional Record (pp. H9732-H9759); FY2017 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 115-31, printed in the May 3, 2017, Congressional Record (pp. H3365-H3390); FY2018 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 115-141, printed in the March 22, 2018, Congressional Record (pp. H2084-H2115), and P.L. 115-123; FY2019 enacted amounts were taken from H.Rept. 116-9; FY2020 enacted amounts were taken from the explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 116-93, published in the December 17, 2019 Congressional Record (pp. H10961-H10989) and the text of P.L. 116-113 and P.L. 116-136; FY2021 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 116-260, printed in the December 21, 2020, Congressional Record (pp. H7951-H7966) and the text of P.L. 116-260 and P.L. 117-2; FY2022 enacted amounts were taken from the text of P.L. 117-103, the text of the joint explanatory statement, printed in the March 9, 2022, Congressional Record (pp. H1772-H1865), and the text of P.L. 117-169; FY2023 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 117-328, printed in the December 20, 2022, Congressional Record (pp. S7898-S8029) and the text of P.L. 117-58, P.L. 117-159, P.L. 117-180, and P.L. 117-328; FY2024 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 118-42, printed in the March 5, 2024, Congressional Record (pp. S1398-S1416), and the text of P.L. 117-58 and P.L. 117-159. Notes: Amounts may not add to totals due to rounding. Amounts include all supplemental appropriations. Amounts also include all rescission of current-year budget authority, but they do not include rescissions of a prior year’s unobligated balances. Amounts in parentheses are subaccounts and not offsets. a. Prior to FY2024, this account was called the “General Administration, Salaries and Expenses” account.

CRS-19

b. Includes $5 million in funding provided through a general provision for a use of force database as required by Executive Order 13929.

c. “Other” includes subaccounts for the Antitrust Division, Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund, U.S. Trustee System Fund, Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, Fees and Expenses of Witnesses, Community Relations Service, and the Asset Forfeiture Fund.

d. This amount does not include a required transfer of $1.1 billion in unobligated balances from the Assets Forfeiture Fund to the U.S. Marshals Federal Prisoner Detention account.

e. This amount does not include a $379 million transfer from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW per P.L. 114-113.

f. This amount does not include a $326 million transfer from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW per P.L. 115-31.

g. Per P.L. 115-141, $492 million was transferred from the Crime Victims Fund OVW.

h. Per P.L. 116-6, $498 million was transferred from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW.

i. This amount does not include a $435 million transfer from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW per P.L. 116-93.

j. Per P.L. 117-103, $575 million was transferred from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW.

k. Per P.L. 118-47, $80 million was transferred from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW.

Overview of FY2025 Appropriations CJS

Congressional Research Service R48134 · VERSION 2 · UPDATED 20

Author Information

Nathan James Analyst in Crime Policy

Key Policy Staff

Area of Expertise Name

OJP, COPS, BOP, FBI, U.S. Marshals, Nathan James

Juvenile Justice Kristin Finklea

DEA, OVW, Crime Victims Fund Lisa N. Sacco

U.S. Attorneys, ATF Jordan B. Cohen

Trade-related agencies: ITA, ITC, USTR

M. Angeles Villarreal

BIS Christopher Casey

EDA, MBDA Julie Lawhorn

Census Bureau, ESA Taylor R. Knoedl

NIST, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

Emily G. Blevins

NOAA Eva Lipiec

NASA, National Space Council Rachel Lindberg

NSF Laurie Harris

NTIA Ling Zhu

Legal Services Corporation Libby Perl

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