Overview of FY2025 Appropriations for
July 23, 2024
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related
Nathan James
Agencies (CJS)
Analyst in Crime Policy

This report describes actions to provide FY2025 appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science,
and Related Agencies (CJS) accounts. The annual CJS appropriations act provides funding for

the Department of Commerce, which includes bureaus and offices such as the Census Bureau, the
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the National Institute of
Standards and Technology; the Department of Justice (DOJ), which includes agencies such as the Federal Bureau of
Investigation, the Bureau of Prisons, the U.S. Marshals Service, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Offices of the
U.S. Attorneys; the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; the National Science Foundation; and several related
agencies such as the Legal Services Corporation and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
The Administration requests a total of $87.914 billion for the departments and agencies funded through CJS for FY2025.
This amount is $4.384 billion (+5.2%) more than regular FY2024 enacted funding for CJS ($83.530 billion). The
Administration’s request includes $11.465 billion for the Department of Commerce, which is $637 million (+5.9%) more
than the FY2024 regular appropriation; $39.589 billion for DOJ, which is $2.069 billion (+5.5%) more than the FY2024
regular appropriation; $35.577 billion for the science agencies, which is $1.632 billion (+4.8%) more than the FY2024
regular appropriation; and $1.284 billion for the related agencies, which is $46 million (+3.7%) more than the FY2024
regular appropriation.
The House Committee on Appropriations marked up and reported its FY2025 CJS appropriations bill (H.R. 9026) on July 9,
2024. The bill would provide a total of $81.940 billion for the departments and agencies funded through the CJS
appropriations bill. The amount in the committee-reported bill is $1.590 billion (-1.9%) less than the FY2024 regular
appropriation for CJS and $5.974 (-6.8%) less than the Administration’s FY2025 request. The committee-reported bill
includes $9.848 billion for the Department of Commerce, which is $980 million (-9.0%) less than the FY2024 regular
appropriation and $1.617 billion (-14.1%) less than the Administration’s request; $36.532 billion for DOJ, which is $988
million (-2.6%) less than the FY2024 regular appropriation and $3.057 billion (-7.7%) less than the Administration’s request;
$34.445 billion for the science agencies, which is $500 million (+1.5%) more than the FY2024 appropriation and $1.132
billion (-3.2%) less than the Administration’s request; and $1.115 billion for the related agencies, which is $122 million
(-9.9%) less than the FY2024 appropriation and $169 million (-13.1%) less than the Administration’s request.

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his report describes actions to provide FY2025 appropriations for Commerce, Justice,
Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) accounts. This report also provides information on
T FY2024 appropriations for CJS. (Enacted funding for CJS for the past 10 fiscal years can
be found in Table A-1.) The dollar amounts in this report reflect only new appropriations made
available for a fiscal year. Therefore, the amounts do not include any rescissions of unobligated or
deobligated balances that may be counted as offsets to newly enacted appropriations, nor do they
include any scorekeeping adjustments (e.g., the budgetary effects of provisions limiting the
availability of the balance in the Crime Victims Fund). In this report, percentage changes are
calculated using whole, not rounded, numbers, meaning that in some instances there may be small
differences between the actual percentage change and the percentage change that would be
calculated by using the rounded amounts discussed in the report. In some instances, amounts in
this report differ from amounts for the same account in previous editions of this report because
past reports did not reflect supplemental budget requests or because there were differences in how
legislative proposals are scored by the Office of Management and Budget and the Congressional
Budget Office.
Overview of CJS
The annual CJS appropriations act provides funding for the Department of Commerce, the
Department of Justice (DOJ), select science agencies, and several related agencies.
Appropriations for the Department of Commerce include funding for bureaus and offices such as
the Census Bureau, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Appropriations for DOJ
provide funding for agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation; the Bureau of Prisons;
the U.S. Marshals; the Drug Enforcement Administration; and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco,
Firearms, and Explosives, along with funding for a variety of public safety-related grant programs
for state, local, and tribal governments. The vast majority of funding for the science agencies goes
to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation.1 The
annual appropriation for the related agencies includes funding for agencies such as the Legal
Services Corporation and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
Department of Commerce
The mission of the Department of Commerce is to “create the conditions for economic growth
and opportunity.”2 The department “works to drive U.S. economic competitiveness, strengthen
domestic industry, and spur the growth of quality jobs in all communities across the country.”3 It
has wide-ranging responsibilities including trade, economic development, technology,
entrepreneurship and business development, monitoring the environment, forecasting weather,
managing marine resources, and statistical research and analysis. The department pursues and
implements policies that affect trade and economic development by working to open new markets
for U.S. goods and services and promoting pro-growth business policies. It also invests in
research and development to foster innovation.

1 The science agencies funded in the CJS bill are not the only federal science agencies.
2 U.S. Department of Commerce, “About Commerce: Mission,” https://www.commerce.gov/page/about-
commerce#mission, (hereinafter, Department of Commerce, “About Commerce: Mission”).
3 Department of Commerce, “About Commerce: Mission.”
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The agencies within the Department of Commerce, and their responsibilities, include the
following:
• Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) is a federal statistical agency that promotes a
better understanding of the U.S. economy by providing timely, relevant, and
accurate economic accounts data in an objective and cost-effective manner;
• Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) works to ensure an effective export control
and treaty compliance system and promote continued U.S. leadership in strategic
technologies by maintaining and strengthening adaptable, efficient, and effective
export controls and treaty compliance systems, along with active leadership and
involvement in international export control regimes;
• Census Bureau is a federal statistical agency that collects data and disseminates
information about the U.S. economy, society, and institutions, which fosters
economic growth, advances scientific understanding, and facilitates informed
decisions;
• Economic Development Administration (EDA) promotes innovation and
competitiveness, preparing American regions for growth and success in the
worldwide economy;
• International Trade Administration (ITA) seeks to strengthen the international
competitiveness of U.S. industry, promote trade and investment, and ensure fair
trade and compliance with trade laws and agreements;
• Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) promotes the growth and
competitiveness of minority owned businesses through the mobilization and
advancement of public and private sector programs, policy, and research;
• National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes U.S. innovation
and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards,
and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve quality of
life;
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides daily
weather forecasts, severe storm warnings, climate monitoring, fisheries
management, coastal restoration, and support of marine commerce;
• National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) advises the
President on communications and information policy; and
• United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) fosters innovation,
competitiveness, and economic growth domestically and abroad by providing
high-quality and timely examination of patent and trademark applications,
guiding domestic and international intellectual property (IP) policy, and
delivering IP information and education worldwide.
Department of Justice
DOJ’s mission is to “uphold the rule of law, to keep our country safe, and to protect civil rights.”4
DOJ also provides legal advice and opinions, upon request, to the President and executive branch
department heads.

4 U.S. Department of Justice, “About DOJ,” https://www.justice.gov/about.
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The major DOJ offices and agencies and their functions are as follows:
• Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) enforces federal
law related to the manufacture, importation, and distribution of alcohol, tobacco,
firearms, and explosives;
• Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) aims to advance the practice of
community policing by the nation’s state, local, and tribal law enforcement
agencies through information and grant resources;
• Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) investigates federal drug law
violations; coordinates its efforts with other federal, state, and local law
enforcement agencies; develops and maintains drug intelligence systems;
regulates the manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of legitimate controlled
substances; and conducts joint intelligence-gathering activities with foreign
governments;
• Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) investigates violations of federal criminal
law; helps protect the United States against terrorism and hostile intelligence
efforts; provides assistance to other federal, state, and local law enforcement
agencies; and shares jurisdiction with the Drug Enforcement Administration for
the investigation of federal drug violations;
• Federal Prison System (Bureau of Prisons; BOP) houses offenders sentenced to a
term of incarceration for a federal crime and provides for the operation and
maintenance of the federal prison system;
• Office of the United States Attorneys (USAO) prosecutes violations of federal
criminal laws, represents the federal government in civil actions, and initiates
proceedings for the collection of fines, penalties, and forfeitures owed to the
United States;
• Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) provides federal leadership in
developing the nation’s capacity to reduce violence against women and
administer justice for and strengthen services to victims of domestic violence,
dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking;
• Office of Justice Programs (OJP) manages and coordinates the activities of the
Bureau of Justice Assistance; Bureau of Justice Statistics; National Institute of
Justice; Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; Office of Sex
Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking; and
Office for Victims of Crime; and
• United States Marshals Service (USMS) provides security for the federal
judiciary, protects witnesses, executes warrants and court orders, manages seized
assets, detains and transports alleged and convicted offenders, and apprehends
fugitives.
Science Offices and Agencies
The science offices and agencies support research and development and related activities across a
wide variety of federal missions, including national competitiveness, space exploration, and
fundamental discovery.
• Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) provides the President and
others within the Executive Office of the President with advice on the scientific,
engineering, and technological aspects of issues that require the attention of the
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federal government.5 The OSTP director also manages the National Science and
Technology Council,6 which coordinates science and technology policy across
the executive branch of the federal government, and co-chairs the President’s
Council of Advisors on Science and Technology,7 a council of external advisors
that provides advice to the President on matters related to science and technology
policy.
• National Space Council, in the Executive Office of the President, is a
coordinating body for U.S. space policy. Chaired by the Vice President, it
consists of the Secretaries of State, Defense, Commerce, Transportation, and
Homeland Security; the Administrator of NASA; and other senior officials. The
council was first established in 1988 through P.L. 100-685.8 The council ceased
operations in 1993, and was reestablished by the Trump Administration in June
2017.9
• National Science Foundation (NSF) supports basic research and education in the
nonmedical sciences and engineering. The foundation was established as an
independent federal agency “to promote the progress of science; to advance the
national health, prosperity, and welfare; to secure the national defense; and for
other purposes.”10 The NSF is a primary source of federal support for U.S.
university-based research in the nonmedical sciences and engineering. It is also
responsible for significant shares of the federal science, technology, engineering,
and mathematics (STEM) education program portfolio and federal STEM student
aid and support.
• National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was created to conduct
civilian space and aeronautics activities.11 It has five mission directorates. The
Space Operations Mission Directorate and the Exploration Systems Development
Mission Directorate are responsible for human spaceflight activities, including
the International Space Station and development efforts for future crewed
spacecraft. The Science Mission Directorate manages robotic science missions,
such as the Hubble Space Telescope, the Mars rover Curiosity, and satellites for
Earth science research. The Space Technology Mission Directorate develops new
technologies for use in future space missions, such as advanced propulsion and
laser communications. The Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate conducts
research and development on aircraft and aviation systems. In addition, NASA’s
Office of STEM Engagement (formerly the Office of Education) manages
education programs for schoolchildren, college and university students, and the
general public.

5 National Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 (P.L. 94-282).
6 Executive Order 12881, issued November 23, 1993, established the National Science and Technology Council.
7 Executive Order 13539, issued October 22, 2019, established the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and
Technology.
8 Title V of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1989 (P.L. 100-685),
which was signed into law by President George H.W. Bush on November 17, 1988, established the National Space
Council in the Executive Office of the President, effective February 1, 1989. President Bush established the council, its
members, and its functions through Executive Order 12675, issued on April 20, 1989.
9 Executive Order 13803, issued June 30, 2017.
10 The National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (P.L. 81-507).
11 National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-568).
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Related Agencies
The annual CJS appropriations act includes funding for several related agencies:
• Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is responsible for enforcing federal
laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee
because of the person’s race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy, gender
identity, and sexual orientation), national origin, age (40 or older), disability, or
genetic information;
• International Trade Commission investigates the effects of dumped and
subsidized imports on domestic industries and conducts global safeguard
investigations, adjudicates cases involving imports that allegedly infringe
intellectual property rights, and serves as a resource for trade data and other trade
policy-related information;
• Legal Services Corporation (LSC) is a federally funded nonprofit corporation
that provides financial support for civil legal aid to low-income Americans;
• Marine Mammal Commission works for the conservation of marine mammals by
providing science-based oversight of domestic and international policies and
actions of federal agencies with a mandate to address human effects on marine
mammals and their ecosystems;
• Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) is responsible for developing and
coordinating U.S. international trade, commodity, and direct investment policy,
and overseeing negotiations with other countries;
• State Justice Institute is a federally funded nonprofit corporation that awards
grants to improve the quality of justice in state courts and foster innovative,
efficient solutions to common issues faced by all courts; and
• U.S. Commission on Civil Rights informs the development of national civil rights
policy and enhances enforcement of federal civil rights laws.
FY2025 Administration’s Request
For FY2025, the Administration requests a total of $87.914 billion for the departments and
agencies funded through CJS. This amount is $4.384 billion (+5.2%) more than regular FY2024
enacted funding for CJS ($83.530 billion). The Administration’s request includes the following:
• $11.465 billion for the Department of Commerce, which is $637 million (+5.9%)
more than the FY2024 regular appropriation;
• $39.589 billion for DOJ, which is $2.069 billion (+5.5%) more than the FY2024
regular appropriation;
• $35.577 billion for the science agencies, which is $1.632 billion (+4.8%) more
than the FY2024 regular appropriation; and
• $1.284 billion for the related agencies, which is $46 million (+3.7%) more than
the FY2024 regular appropriation.
The Administration designates the following amounts under the following accounts as emergency
spending in its FY2025 request:
• NSF, Research and Related Activities, $420 million;
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• NASA, Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration, $296
million;
• NOAA, Procurement, Acquisition, and Construction, $180 million;
• BOP, Buildings and Facilities, $179 million; and
• NOAA, Operations, Research, and Facilities, $15 million.
The Administration requests funding for nearly all Commerce accounts at a level equal to or
greater than the FY2024 regular appropriation. The two exceptions are NOAA’s Operations,
Research, and Facilities (-$176 million, -3.9%) and NIST’s Scientific and Technical Research and
Services (-$105 million, -9.7%) accounts.
As it does for Commerce, the Administration requests funding at or above the FY2024 regular
appropriation for nearly all of DOJ’s accounts. Two exceptions are accounts that provide grants
for the criminal justice system: the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance (-$466
million, -18.8%) and the COPS (-$131 million, -19.6%) accounts, though the decrease is partly
due to the fact that for FY2024 both these accounts included community funding projects
identified by Congress and the Administration does not request congressionally directed funding.
The Administration’s request for NASA overall is $509 million (+2.0%) greater than the FY2024
regular appropriation, but the Administration requests reduced funding for two NASA accounts:
Exploration (-$48 million, -0.6%) and Safety, Security, and Mission Services (-$85
million, -2.7%).
The Administration’s request for NSF is $1.123 billion (+12.4%) greater than the FY2024 regular
appropriation. The Administration’s request for all of NSF’s accounts is greater than the FY2024
regular appropriation.
The FY2025 request for all of the related agencies is at or above the FY2024 regular
appropriation.
House Committee-Reported Bill
The House Committee on Appropriations marked up and reported its FY2025 CJS appropriations
bill (H.R. 9026, H.Rept. 118-582) on July 9, 2024. The bill would provide a total of $81.940
billion for the departments and agencies funded through the CJS appropriations bill. The amount
in the committee-reported bill is $1.590 billion (-1.9%) less than the FY2024 regular
appropriation for CJS and $5.974 (-6.8%) less than the Administration’s FY2025 request. The
committee-reported bill includes the following:
• $9.848 billion for the Department of Commerce, which is $980 million (-9.0%)
less than the FY2024 regular appropriation and $1.617 billion (-14.1%) less than
the Administration’s request;
• $36.532 billion for DOJ, which is $988 million (-2.6%) less than the FY2024
regular appropriation and $3.057 billion (-7.7%) less than the Administration’s
request;
• $34.445 billion for the science agencies, which is $500 million (+1.5%) more
than the FY2024 appropriation and $1.132 billion (-3.2%) less than the
Administration’s request; and
• $1.115 billion for the related agencies, which is $122 million (-9.9%) less than
the FY2024 appropriation and $169 million (-13.1%) less than the
Administration’s request.
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The committee-reported bill would fund most Commerce accounts below the FY2024 regular
appropriation. Exceptions include EDA’s Salaries and Expenses account, the Census Bureau’s
Periodic Censuses and Programs account, NIST’s Industrial Technology Services account, and
NOAA’s Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery account, which would all be funded at the FY2024
level. The committee-reported bill only proposed increased funding, relative to the FY2024 level,
for the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (which is fully offset by user fees) and NIST’s
Construction of Research Facilities account (+$32 million, +19.0%). The committee-reported bill
would fund many of Commerce’s accounts below the Administration’s request. Committee-
recommended funding for NIST’s Industrial and Technology Services account and NOAA’s
Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery account is equal to the Administration’s request. The
committee’s recommended funding for NIST’s Scientific and Technical Research and Services
account (+$28 million, +2.9%) is greater than the Administration’s request.
The committee-reported bill would decrease funding for several DOJ agencies, such as the U.S.
Attorneys (-$299 million, -11.5%), FBI (-$368 million, -3.4%), and ATF (-$189 million, -11.6%),
relative to the FY2024 regular appropriation. The committee-reported bill would also decrease
funding available for grants under the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance (-$265
million, -10.7%), Office on Violence Against Women (-$46 million, -6.5%), and Juvenile Justice
Programs (-$50 million, -13.3%) accounts. The committee-reported bill would increase funding
for USMS (+$49 million, +1.3%), DEA (+$194 million, +7.6%), BOP (+$93 million, +1.1%),
and the COPS account (+$5 million, +0.8%) relative to the FY2024 regular appropriation. The
committee-reported bill recommends funding for many DOJ accounts at a level below the
Administration’s request. Exceptions include the DEA (+$74 million, +2.8%), BOP’s Buildings
and Facilities account (+$13 million, +4.9%), the COPS account (+$136 million, +25.5%), and
the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account (+$201 million, +10.0%).
Overall funding for NASA in the committee-reported bill is higher than the FY2024 appropriation
(+$304 million, +1.2%), and the committee proposed higher funding for many of NASA’s
accounts. However, the committee-reported bill proposes decreased funding for NASA’s
Exploration (-$48 million, -0.6%); Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)
Engagement (-$54 million, -37.8%); and Safety, Security, and Mission Services (-$85
million, -2.7%) accounts. Overall funding for NASA is lower than the Administration’s request
(-$205 million, -0.8%), but the committee recommended funding for several of NASA’s accounts
equal to the Administration’s request, and proposed funding the Space Operations account above
(+$84 million, +1.9%) the Administration’s request. The committee-reported bill would fund the
Science (-$232 million, -3.1%), STEM Engagement (-$55 million, -38.0%), and Office of the
Inspector General (-$3 million, -5.7%) accounts below the Administration’s request.
The committee-reported bill would increase funding for NSF (+$199 million, +2.2%) relative to
the FY2024 appropriation, though the committee recommended lower funding for NSF’s STEM
Education account (-$172 million, -14.7%). The committee-reported bill would fund all of NSF’s
accounts below the Administration’s request.
The committee-reported bill would fund all of the related agencies at a level below both the
FY2024 appropriation and the Administration’s request.
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Table 1. Funding for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS):
FY2024 Enacted Funding, the Administration’s FY2025 Requested Funding, and the
House Committee-Reported Amounts
(appropriations in millions of dollars)
FY2025
FY2025
House
Departments and
FY2024
Administration’s
Committee-
FY2025
FY2025
Related Agencies
Enacteda
Request
Reported Bill
Senate
Enacted
Department of Commerce
International Trade
$623.0
$657.5
$570.0

Administration
Offsetting Fee Col ections
-12.0
-12.0
-12.0

(International Trade
Administration)
Bureau of Industry and Security
191.0
223.4
186.7

Economic Development
468.0
522.9
324.5

Administration
Economic Development
(68.0)
(85.9)
(68.0)

Assistance Programs
Salaries and Expenses
(400.0)
(437.0)
(256.5)

Minority Business Development
68.3
80.0
55.0

Agency
Economic and Statistical Analysis
125.0
138.5
116.0

Census Bureau
1,382.5
1,577.7
1,354.0

Current Surveys and
(328.5)
(367.3)
(300.0)

Programs
Periodic Censuses and
(1,054.0)
(1,210.3)
(1,054.0)

Programs
National Telecommunications
59.0
67.0
56.5

and Information Administration
Salaries and Expenses
(57.0)
(65.0)
(55.0)

Facilities Management and
(2.0)
(2.0)
(1.5)

Construction
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
4,195.8
4,554.9
4,554.9

(USPTO)b
Offsetting Fee Receipts (USPTO)
-4,159.8
-4,554.9
-4,554.9

National Institute of Standards
1,460.0
1,498.5
1,415.0

and Technology
Scientific and Technical
(1,080.0)
(975.0)
(1,003.0)

Research and Services
Industrial Technology
(212.0)
(212.0)
(212.0)

Services
Manufacturing Extension
(175.0)
(175.0)
(175.0)

Partnership
Manufacturing USA
(37.0)
(37.0)
(37.0)

Programc
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FY2025
FY2025
House
Departments and
FY2024
Administration’s
Committee-
FY2025
FY2025
Related Agencies
Enacteda
Request
Reported Bill
Senate
Enacted
Construction of Research
(168.0)
(311.5)
(200.0)

Facilities, new appropriation
National Oceanic and
6,319.0
6,547.0
5,642.8

Atmospheric Administration
Operations, Research, and
(4,548.5)
(4,372.2)
(4,211.0)

Facilitiesd
Procurement, Acquisition,
(1,719.9)
(2,121.4)
(1,378.2)

and Construction
Pacific Coastal Salmon
(65.0)
(65.0)
(65.0)

Recovery Fund
Fishermen’s Contingency
(0.3)
(0.3)
(0.3)

Fund
Fisheries Finance Program
(-15.0)
(-12.0)
(-12.0)

Account
Fisheries Disaster Assistance
(0.3)
—
(0.3)

Fund
Departmental Management
143.6
164.3
139.1

Subtotal: Department of
10,827.4
11,464.7
9,847.6

Commerce
Department of Justice
General Administration
1,151.0
1,510.0
1,051.0

Justice Operations,
(142.0)
(163.9)
(113.0)

Management, and
Accountabilitye
Justice Information Sharing
(30.0)
(202.4)
(38.0)

Technology
Executive Office of
(840.0)
(977.1)
(756.0)

Immigration Review
Office of the Inspector
(139.0)
(166.9)
(144.0)

General
U.S. Parole Commission
14.0
15.5
14.0

Legal Activities
4,010.7
4,442.9
3,564.0

General Legal Activities
(1,090.0)
(1,194.5)
(988.5)

U.S. Attorneys
(2,611.0)
(2,826.4)
(2,312.0)

Antitrust Division
(233.0)
(288.0)
(192.8)

Offsetting Fee Col ections
(-278.0)
(-304.0)
(-304.0)

(Antitrust Division)
U.S. Trustee Program
(245.0)
(263.5)
(245.0)

Offsetting Fee Col ections
(-230.0)
(-245.0)
(-245.0)

(U.S. Trustee Program)
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FY2025
FY2025
House
Departments and
FY2024
Administration’s
Committee-
FY2025
FY2025
Related Agencies
Enacteda
Request
Reported Bill
Senate
Enacted
Foreign Claims Settlement
(2.5)
(2.7)
(2.5)

Commission
Fees and Expenses of
(270.0)
(320.0)
(320.0)

Witnesses
Community Relations
(24.0)
(29.1)
—

Service
Assets Forfeiture Fundf
(20.5)
(20.5)
(20.5)

Vaccine Injury
(22.7)
(36.7)
(31.7)

Compensation Trust Fund
Office for Access to Justice
—
(10.5)
—

United States Marshals Service
3,807.0
4,024.3
3,855.7

Salaries and Expenses
(1,692.0)
(1,865.6)
(1,715.7)

Construction
(15.0)
(18.0)
(15.0)

Federal Prisoner Detention
(2,100.0)
(2,140.7)
(2,125.0)

National Security Division
128.0
143.5
120.7

Interagency Law Enforcement
547.0
550.5
547.0

Federal Bureau of Investigation
10,673.7
11,334.8
10,306.0

Salaries and Expenses
(10,643.7)
(11,272.9)
(10,276.0)

Construction
(30.0)
(61.9)
(30.0)

Drug Enforcement
2,567.0
2,687.0
2,760.9

Administration
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco,
1,625.0
1,952.0
1,436.5

Firearms and Explosives
Federal Prison System
8,575.1
8,820.3
8,668.3

Salaries and Expenses
(8,392.6)
(8,557.3)
(8,392.6)

Building and Facilities
(179.8)
(260.2)
(273.0)

Limitation on Administrative
(2.7)
(2.7)
(2.7)

Expenses, Federal Prison
Industries
Office on Violence Against
713.0g
800.0
667.0

Women
Office of Justice Programs
3,123.9
2,773.8
2,870.9

Research, Evaluation, and
(65.0)
(77.0)
(55.0)

Statistics
State and Local Law
(2,475.1)
(2,009.0)
(2,210.1)

Enforcement Assistance
Juvenile Justice Programs
(375.0)
(407.0)
(325.0)

Public Safety Officers
(208.8)
(280.8)
(280.8)

Benefits
Congressional Research Service

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link to page 15 Overview of FY2025 Appropriations CJS

FY2025
FY2025
House
Departments and
FY2024
Administration’s
Committee-
FY2025
FY2025
Related Agencies
Enacteda
Request
Reported Bill
Senate
Enacted
Community Oriented Policing
664.5
534.0
670.0

Services
Obligation Cap on the Crime
1,353.0
1,500.0
1,500.0

Victims Fund
Offsetting Receipts
-1,353.0
-1,500.0
-1,500.0

Subtotal: Department of
37,519.9
39,588.7
36,532.0

Justice
Science Agencies
Office of Science and Technology
8.0
8.0
5.5

Policy
National Space Council
2.0
2.0
1.9

National Aeronautics and Space
24,875.0
25,383.7
25,178.6

Administration
Science
(7,334.2)
(7,565.7)
(7,334.2)

Aeronautics
(935.0)
(965.8)
(965.8)

Space Technology
(1,100.0)
(1,181.8)
(1,181.8)

Exploration
(7,666.2)
(7,618.2)
(7,618.2)

Space Operations
(4,220.0)
(4,389.7)
(4,473.5)

Science, Technology,
(143.0)
(143.5)
(89.0)

Engineering, and
Mathematics (STEM)
Engagement
Safety, Security, and Mission
(3,129.0)
(3,044.4)
(3,044.4)

Services
Construction and
(300.0)
(424.1)
(424.1)

Environmental Compliance
and Restoration
Inspector General
(47.6)
(50.5)
(47.6)

National Science Foundation
9,060.0
10,183.0
9,258.6

Research and Related
(7,176.5)
(8,045.3)
(7,546.6)

Activities
STEM Education
(1,172.0)
(1,300.0)
(1,000.0)

Major Research Equipment
(234.0)
(300.0)
(235.0)

and Facilities Construction
Agency Operations and
(448.0)
(504.0)
(448.0)

Award Management
National Science Board
(5.1)
(5.2)
(4.6)

Office of the Inspector
(24.4)
(28.5)
(24.4)

General
Subtotal: Science Agencies
33,944.9
35,576.7
34,444.7

Congressional Research Service

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FY2025
FY2025
House
Departments and
FY2024
Administration’s
Committee-
FY2025
FY2025
Related Agencies
Enacteda
Request
Reported Bill
Senate
Enacted
Related Agencies
U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
14.4
14.9
13.0

Equal Employment Opportunity
455.0
488.2
420.0

Commission
International Trade Commission
122.0
126.1
115.0

Legal Services Corporation
560.0
566.0
489.0

Marine Mammal Commission
4.5
5.0
4.2

Office of the U.S. Trade
59.0
61.0
53.0

Representative, Salaries and
Expenses
Trade Enforcement Trust Fund
15.0
15.0
15.0

State Justice Institute
7.6
7.6
6.0

Subtotal: Related Agencies
1,237.5
1,283.9
1,115.2

CJS Total
83,529.7
87,914.0
81,939.5

Rescission of Unobligated
-13,663.3
-10,730.0
-780.0

Balances
Sources: FY2024 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 118-42,
printed in the March 5, 2024 Congressional Record (pp. S1398-S1416). The amounts for the Administration’s
request and the House committee-reported bil were taken from the report to accompany H.R. 9026 (H.Rept.
118-582).
Notes: The accounts presented in Table 1 are consistent with those used by the Congressional Budget Office
(CBO) to score the CJS appropriations bil . Amounts in parentheses are subaccounts and not offsets.
a. FY2024 enacted amounts do not include any appropriations from the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs
Act (IIJA, P.L. 117-58) or the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (BSCA, P.L. 117-159).
b. Funding for the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is ful y derived from user fees.
c. The Manufacturing USA Program was formerly known as the National Network for Manufacturing
Innovation.
d. The amount for the Operations, Research, and Facilities account includes a transfer from the Promote and
Develop Fishery Products and Research Pertaining to American Fisheries Fund.
e. This account was formerly called the “General Administration, Salaries and Expenses” account. The account
name was changed in P.L. 118-42.
f.
As a part of the annual CJS appropriations act, Congress traditionally sets a limit on the amount of expenses
that can be paid for the purposes authorized under subparagraphs (B), (F), and (G) of Section 524(c)(1) of
Title 28 of the United States Code.
g. This amount includes an $80 mil ion transfer from the Crime Victims Fund to the Office on Violence
Against Women.
Advanced Appropriations
As shown in Table 2, the IIJA provided advanced appropriations for FY2024 to FY2026 for one
NTIA program and two NOAA accounts.12 The BSCA also provided advanced appropriations for

12 For more information on advanced appropriations, see CRS Report R43482, Advance Appropriations, Forward
Funding, and Advance Funding: Concepts, Practice, and Budget Process Considerations.
Congressional Research Service

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link to page 16 Overview of FY2025 Appropriations CJS

FY2023 to FY2026 for DOJ grant programs under the State and Local Law Enforcement
Assistance and Community Oriented Policing Services accounts.
Table 2. Advanced Appropriations for CJS
(appropriations in millions of dollars)

FY2024
FY2025
FY2026
Department of Commerce
National Telecommunications and Information
Administration
$550.0
$550.0
$550.0
Digital Equity
(550.0)
(550.0)
(550.0)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
550.0
550.0
541.4
Operations, Research, and Facilities
(515.6)
(515.6)
(507.0)
Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery
(34.4)
(34.4)
(34.4)
Department of Justice
State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance
280.0
280.0
280.0
Community Oriented Policing Services
20.0
20.0
20.0
Total
1,400.0
1,400.0
1,391.4
Source: Text of P.L. 117-58 and P.L. 117-159.
Notes: The accounts presented in Table 2 are consistent with those used by CBO to score the CJS
appropriations bil . Amounts in parentheses are subaccounts and not offsets.
Congressional Research Service

13

Appendix A. Historical Funding for CJS
Table A-1. Nominal Funding for CJS Agencies, by Account: FY2015-FY2024
(appropriations in millions of dollars)
Bureau or Agency
FY2015
FY2016
FY2017
FY2018
FY2019
FY2020
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
Department of Commerce
International Trade
$462.0
$483.0
$483.0
$482.0
$484.0
$510.3
$530.0
$559.0
$613.0
$611.0
Administration
Bureau of Industry and
102.5
112.5
112.5
113.5
118.1
127.7
133.0
163.1
191.0
191.0
Security
Economic Development
250.0
261.0
276.0
901.5
904.0
1,833.0
3,346.0
373.5
1,616.0
468.0
Administration
Minority Business
30.0
32.0
34.0
39.0
40.0
52.0
73.0
55.0
70.0
68.3
Development Agency
Economic and Statistical
100.0
109.0
107.3
99.0
101.0
108.0
111.9
116.0
130.0
125.0
Analysis
Census Bureau
1,088.0
1,370.0
1,470.0
2,814.0
3,821.4
7,558.3
1,106.6
1,354.0
1,485.0
1,382.5
National
38.2
39.5
32.0
39.5
39.5
40.4
45.5
46,050.0
612.0
609.0
Telecommunications and
Information Administration
U.S. Patent and Trademark
3,458.0
3,272.0
3,230.0
3,500.0
3,370.0
3,450.7
3,695.3
4,058.4
4,253.4
4,195.8
Office (USPTO)
Offsetting Fee Receipts
-3,458.0
-3,272.0
-3,230.0
-3,500.0
-3,370.0
-3.450.7
-3,695.3
-4,058.4
-4,253.4
-4,195.8
(USPTO)
National Institute of
863.9
964.0
952.0
1,198.5
985.5
1,100.0
1,034.5
1,252.1
1,694.3
1,460.0
Standards and Technology
National Oceanic and
5,441.0
5,765.6
5,675.4
6,309.5
5,720.3
5,688.2
5,730.6
10,304.0
7,578.8
6,869.0
Atmospheric Administration
Departmental Management
91.1
109.1
94.7
140.9
95.7
115.0
128.1
146.9
179.1
143.6
Commerce Subtotal
8,466.7
9,245.6
9,237.0
12,137.4
12,309.5
17,132.8
12,239.2
60,373.6
14,169.2
11,927.4
CRS-14

link to page 20 link to page 21 link to page 21 link to page 21
Bureau or Agency
FY2015
FY2016
FY2017
FY2018
FY2019
FY2020
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
Department of Justice
General Administration
435.6
659.0
676.7
746.8
870.4
926.6
998.6
1,106.8
1,278.0
1,151.0
Justice Operations,
(137.3)
(142.5)
(145.1)
(149.0)
(145.0)
(152.6)
(158.0)b
(232.8)
(283.0)
(163.9)
Management, and
Accountabilitya
Administrative Review
(347.1)
(422.8)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
& Appeals
Executive Office for
—
—
(436.0)
(500.5)
(624.4)
(669.0)
(730.0)
(756.0)
(856.0)
(840.0)
Immigration Review
Office of the Inspector
(88.6)
(93.7)
(95.6)
(97.3)
(101.0)
(105.0)
(110.6)
(118.0)
(139.0)
(139.0)
General
U.S. Parole Commission
13.3
13.3
13.3
13.3
13.0
13.3
13.5
14.2
14.6
14.0
Legal Activities
3,220.2
3,314.6
3,353.8
3,386.6
3,329.4
3,443.4
3,578.9
3,648.3
4,140.8
4,010.7
General legal activities
(885.0)
(893.0)
(897.5)
(897.5)
(904.0)
(920.0)
(960.0)
(1,009.7)
(1,138.0)
(1,090.0)
U.S. Attorneys
(1,960.0)
(2,000.0)
(2,035.0)
(2,136.8)
(2,212.0)
(2,257.5)
(2,342.2)
(2,424.9)
(2,632.0)
(2,611.0)
Otherc
(375.2)
(421.6)
(421.3)
(352.3)
(213.4)
(265.8)
(276.8)
(213.7)
(370.8)
(309.7)
U.S. Marshals Service
1,700.1d
2,700.0
2,713.5
2,903.4
3,081.7
3,327.5
3,682.6
3,728.3
3,852.8
3,807.0
National Security Division
93.0
95.0
96.0
101.0
101.4
110.0
117.5
121.8
133.5
128.0
Interagency Law
507.2
512.0
517.0
542.9
560.0
550.5
550.5
550.5
550.5
547.0
Enforcement
Federal Bureau of
8,436.6
8,798.8
9,006.4
9,421.4
9,577.1
9,972.9
10,493.8
10,961.9
11,343.2
10,673.7
Investigation
Drug Enforcement
2,033.3
2,080.0
2,103.0
2,201.8
2,267.0
2,294.2
2,386.3
2,421.5
2,563.1
2,567.0
Administration
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco,
1,201.0
1,240.0
1,258.6
1,293.8
1,316.7
1,400.0
1,483.9
1,531.1
1,747.0
1,625.0
Firearms & Explosives
Federal Prison System
6,923.7
7,481.2
7,141.5
7,328.3
7,545.1
7,880.7
8,138.1
8,102.7
8,685.3
8,575.1
CRS-15

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Bureau or Agency
FY2015
FY2016
FY2017
FY2018
FY2019
FY2020
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
Office of Violence Against
430.0
101.0e
155.5f
—g
—h
67.5i
78.5i
—j
700.0
713.0k
Women (OVW)
Office of Justice Programs
1,690.8
1,883.0
1,705.8
2,169.3
2,218.8
3,282.8
2,485.8
3,075.0
3,341.6
3,403.9
(OJP)
Research, Evaluation,
(111.0)
(116.0)
(89.0)
(90.0)
(80.0)
(79.0)
(82.0)
(70.0)
(77.0)
(65.0)
and Statistics
State and Local Law
(1,241.0)
(1,408.5)
(1,280.5)
(1,680.0)
(1,723.0)
(2,742.0)
(1,914.0)
(2,493.0)
(2,696.8)
(2,755.1)
Enforcement Assistance
Juvenile Justice
(251.5)
(270.2)
(247.0)
(282.5)
(287.0)
(320.0)
(346.0)
(360.0)
(400.0)
(375.0)
Programs
Public Safety Officers
(87.3)
(88.3)
(89.3)
(116.8)
(128.8)
(141.8)
(143.8)
(152.0)
(167.8)
(208.8)
Benefits
Community Oriented
208.0
212.0
221.5
275.5
303.5
343.0
386.0
531.7
682.9
684.5
Policing Services (COPS)
DOJ Subtotal
27,030.2
29,089.8
28,962.5
30,384.0
31,184.1
33,612.2
34,393.9
35,793.8
39,033.2
37,819.9
Science Agencies
Office of Science and
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
6.6
8.0
8.0
Technology Policy
National Space Council
—
—
—
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
National Aeronautics and
18,010.2
19,285.0
19,762.3
20,817.4
21,500.0
22,689.0
23,271.3
24,362.7
25,573.1
24,875.0
Space Administration
National Science Foundation
7,344.2
7,463.5
7,472.2
7,783.7
8,075.0
8,354.3
8,486.8
8,863.0
9,876.4
9,060.0
Science Agencies
25,360.0
26,754.0
27,240.1
28,608.6
29,582.5
31,050.8
31,765.5
33,234.3
35,459.5
33,944.9
Subtotal
Related Agencies
U.S. Commission on Civil
9.2
9.2
9.2
9.7
10.1
10.5
12.5
13.0
14.4
14.4
Rights
Equal Employment
364.5
364.5
364.5
379.5
379.5
389.5
404.5
420.0
455.0
455.0
Opportunity Commission
CRS-16

Bureau or Agency
FY2015
FY2016
FY2017
FY2018
FY2019
FY2020
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
International Trade
84.5
88.5
91.5
93.7
95.0
99.4
103.0
110.0
122.4
122.0
Commission
Legal Services Corporation
375.0
385.0
385.0
425.0
430.0
490.0
465.0
529.0
580.0
560.0
Marine Mammal
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.8
4.2
4.5
4.5
Commission
U.S. Trade Representative
54.3
54.5
47.0
57.6
53.0
104.0
55.0
56.0
61.0
59.0
Trade Enforcement Trust
—
—
15.0
15.0
15.0
55.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
Fund
State Justice Institute
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
6.0
6.6
7.0
7.2
7.6
7.6
Commission on the State of
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2.0
—
—
the U.S. Olympics and
Paralympics
Related Agencies
895.9
910.3
920.8
989.1
992.1
1,158.6
1,065.8
1,156.4
1,259.9
1,237.5
Subtotal
Total Appropriation
61,752.7
65,999.7
66,360.3
72,119.0
74,068.1
82,954.5
79,464.4
130,558.1
89,921.8
84,929.7
Rescission of
-679.6
-878.7
-1,142.3
-661.1
-1,060.8
-364.0
-425.0
-516.8
-1,370.8
-13,663.3
Unobligated Balances
Sources: FY2015 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 113-235, printed in the December 11, 2014, Congressional Record
(pp. H9342-H9363); FY2016 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 114-113, printed in the December 17, 2015,
Congressional Record (pp. H9732-H9759); FY2017 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 115-31, printed in the May 3,
2017, Congressional Record (pp. H3365-H3390); FY2018 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 115-141, printed in the
March 22, 2018, Congressional Record (pp. H2084-H2115), and P.L. 115-123; FY2019 enacted amounts were taken from H.Rept. 116-9; FY2020 enacted amounts were
taken from the explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 116-93, published in the December 17, 2019 Congressional Record (pp. H10961-H10989) and the text of P.L.
116-113 and P.L. 116-136; FY2021 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 116-260, printed in the December 21, 2020,
Congressional Record (pp. H7951-H7966) and the text of P.L. 116-260 and P.L. 117-2; FY2022 enacted amounts were taken from the text of P.L. 117-103, the text of the
joint explanatory statement, printed in the March 9, 2022, Congressional Record (pp. H1772-H1865), and the text of P.L. 117-169; FY2023 enacted amounts were taken
from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 117-328, printed in the December 20, 2022, Congressional Record (pp. S7898-S8029) and the text of P.L. 117-58,
P.L. 117-159, P.L. 117-180, and P.L. 117-328; FY2024 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 118-42, printed in the March
5, 2024, Congressional Record (pp. S1398-S1416), and the text of P.L. 117-58 and P.L. 117-159.
Notes: Amounts may not add to totals due to rounding. Amounts include all supplemental appropriations. Amounts also include all rescission of current-year budget
authority, but they do not include rescissions of a prior year’s unobligated balances. Amounts in parentheses are subaccounts and not offsets.
a. Prior to FY2024, this account was called the “General Administration, Salaries and Expenses” account.
CRS-17

b. Includes $5 mil ion in funding provided through a general provision for a use of force database as required by Executive Order 13929.
c. “Other” includes subaccounts for the Antitrust Division, Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund, U.S. Trustee System Fund, Foreign Claims Settlement
Commission, Fees and Expenses of Witnesses, Community Relations Service, and the Asset Forfeiture Fund.
d. This amount does not include a required transfer of $1.1 bil ion in unobligated balances from the Assets Forfeiture Fund to the U.S. Marshals Federal Prisoner
Detention account.
e. This amount does not include a $379 mil ion transfer from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW per P.L. 114-113.
f.
This amount does not include a $326 mil ion transfer from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW per P.L. 115-31.
g. Per P.L. 115-141, $492 mil ion was transferred from the Crime Victims Fund OVW.
h. Per P.L. 116-6, $498 mil ion was transferred from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW.
i.
This amount does not include a $435 mil ion transfer from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW per P.L. 116-93.
j.
Per P.L. 117-103, $575 mil ion was transferred from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW.
k. Per P.L. 118-47, $80 mil ion was transferred from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW.

CRS-18

Overview of FY2025 Appropriations CJS

Author Information

Nathan James

Analyst in Crime Policy

Key Policy Staff

Area of Expertise
Name
OJP, COPS, BOP, FBI, U.S. Marshals,
Nathan James
Juvenile Justice
Kristin Finklea
DEA, OVW, Crime Victims Fund
Lisa N. Sacco
U.S. Attorneys, ATF
Jordan B. Cohen
Trade-related agencies: ITA, ITC,
M. Angeles Vil arreal
USTR
BIS
Christopher Casey
EDA, MBDA
Julie Lawhorn
Census Bureau, ESA
Taylor R. Knoedl
NIST, U.S. Patent and Trademark
Emily G. Blevins
Office
NOAA
Eva Lipiec
NASA, National Space Council
Rachel Lindberg
NSF
Laurie Harris
NTIA
Ling Zhu
Legal Services Corporation
Libby Perl

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Congressional Research Service
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