Foreign Leaders Addressing Congress

link to page 1 link to page 2

Updated August 1, 2023
Foreign Leaders Addressing Congress
Foreign leaders are periodically invited to address
a foreign leader was held on August 16, 1967, with Kurt
Congress. The first address by a foreign dignitary occurred
George Kiesinger, Chancellor of West Germany.
on December 10, 1824, when Revolutionary War hero the
Marquis de Lafayette addressed the House. The most recent
Joint Meeting of Congress
address took place on July 19, 2023, when His Excellency
A joint meeting of Congress is generally held when a
Isaac Herzog, President of the State of Israel, addressed a
prominent individual, often a foreign leader, is invited to
joint meeting of Congress.
address the House and Senate simultaneously. Because
addressing a joint meeting of Congress is available by
Invitation Process
invitation only, agreement on whom to invite, and when
When a foreign leader formally visits the United States, he
they will speak, is generally reached between the House and
or she is sometimes invited to address Congress. The
the Senate. Table 1 lists the number of foreign leaders who
decision to invite a foreign leader to address Congress has
have addressed a joint meeting of Congress since the 94th
historically been made by the congressional leadership,
Congress (1975-1976).
often in consultation and conjunction with the executive
branch. No formal procedure on when or how to issue
Table 1. Number of Foreign Leaders Addressing a
invitations is codified in law or in House or Senate rules.
Joint Meeting of Congress, 1975-2023
Not all foreign leaders who visit the United States are
invited to address Congress.
Congress
Number
Congress
Number
94
7
107
2
When a foreign leader is invited to address Congress, the
invitation is formally extended by the Speaker of the House
95
1
108
4
on behalf of the House and Senate leadership.
96
0
109
7
97
1
110
3
“It is my honor as Speaker, and on behalf of the
98
4
111
3
bipartisan leadership of the U.S. House of
Representatives and the U.S. Senate, to extend to you
99
7
112
3
as head of state of the Holy See an open invitation to
100
3
113
2
appear before and address a Joint Meeting of the two
houses of Congress assembled in the Chamber of the
101
7
114
5
U.S. House of Representatives.”
102
5
115
1
- Invitation to His Holiness, Pope Francis
103
3
116
1
104
5
117
2
Types of Meetings
105
3
118
3
A foreign leader (or other non-Member of Congress) has
historically addressed either the House, the Senate (a House
106
1
Total
83
or Senate reception), or a joint meeting, where the House
Source: Historian of the House of Representatives, “Joint Meeting &
and Senate are both present.
Joint Session Addresses Before Congress by Foreign Leaders &
House and Senate Receptions
Dignitaries,” at http://history.house.gov/Institution/Foreign-Leaders/
Joint-Sessions/.
On several occasions, a foreign leader has been invited to
address the House or Senate individually. These meetings
The first time a foreign leader addressed a joint meeting of
are formally called House or Senate receptions. The first
Congress occurred in 1874, when King Kalakaua of Hawaii
House reception was held on December 10, 1824, when the
(then a kingdom) visited Washington, DC. Since then, there
Marquis de Lafayette addressed the chamber. The most
have been more than 120 instances where foreign leaders
recent House reception for a foreign leader was held on
have addressed a joint meeting of Congress.
February 17, 1977, for the President of Mexico, José Lopez
Portillo.
Table 2 lists the foreign leaders to address a joint meeting
of Congress during the nine most recent Congresses (110th
The first Senate reception was held on January 5, 1852,
Congress [2007-2008] to the 118th Congress [2023-2024]).
when Louis Kossuth, the exiled Governor of Hungary,
addressed the Senate. The most recent Senate reception for
https://crsreports.congress.gov

link to page 2
Foreign Leaders Addressing Congress
Table 2. Addresses by Foreign Leaders to a Joint
Meeting of Congress
Date
Foreign Leader
110th to 118th Congresses
12/21/2022
President Volodymyr Zelenskyy
Ukraine
Date
Foreign Leader
4/27/2023
President Yoon Suk Yeol
3/7/2007
King Abdul ah II Bin Al Hussein
Republic of Korea
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
6/22/2023
Prime Minister Narendra Modi
11/7/2007
President Nicolas Sarkozy
Republic of India
French Republic
7/19/2023
President Isaac Herzog
4/30/2008
Prime Minister Bertie Ahern
Israel
Ireland
Source: Historian of the House of Representatives, “Joint Meeting &
3/4/2009
Prime Minister Gordon Brown
Joint Session Addresses Before Congress by Foreign Leaders &
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Dignitaries,” at http://history.house.gov/Institution/Foreign-Leaders/
Ireland
Joint-Sessions/.
11/3/2009
Chancellor Dr. Angela Merkel
Federal Republic of Germany
Since 1809, most joint meetings of Congress to hear
addresses by foreign leaders have been held in the Hall of
5/20/2010
President Felipe Calderón Hinojosa
the House. For example, Figure 1 shows Islamic Republic
Mexico
of Afghanistan President Mohammad Ashraf Ghani
addressing a joint meeting of Congress on March 25, 2015.
3/9/2011
Prime Minister Julia Gil ard
Australia
Figure 1. President Mohammad Ashraf Ghani, Islamic
3/24/2011
Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu
Republic of Afghanistan Addressing a Joint Meeting of
Israel
Congress
March 25, 2015
10/13/2011
President Lee Myung-bak
Republic of Korea
5/8/2013
President Park Geun Hye
Republic of Korea
9/18/2014
President Petro Poroshenko
Ukraine
3/3/2015
Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu
Israel
3/25/2015
President Mohammad Ashraf Ghani
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

4/29/2015
Prime Minister Shinzō Abe
Source: C-SPAN, “Afghan President Ashraf Ghani Address to Joint
Japan
Meeting of Congress,” March 25, 2015, at http://www.c-span.org/
video/?324977-2/afghan-president-ashraf-ghani-address-joint-meeting-
9/24/2015
His Holiness Pope Francis
congress.
Holy See of Rome
6/8/2016
Prime Minister Narendra Modi
Video Address to an Informal Meeting of Congress
India
On at least one occasion, a foreign leader has addressed an
informal meeting of Members of the House and Senate by
4/25/2018
President Emmanuel Macron
video, without a formal joint meeting of Congress. On
France
March 16, 2022, Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelenskyy
4/3/2019
Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg
addressed Members of the House and Senate by a video
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
broadcast to the Congressional Auditorium in the Capitol
Visitor Center.
5/17/2022
Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis
Hellenic Republic
Jacob R. Straus, Specialist on the Congress
IF10211


https://crsreports.congress.gov

Foreign Leaders Addressing Congress


Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to
congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress.
Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other than public understanding of information that has
been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the
United States Government, are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be
reproduced and distributed in its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include
copyrighted images or material from a third party, you may need to obtain the permission of the copyright holder if you
wish to copy or otherwise use copyrighted material.

https://crsreports.congress.gov | IF10211 · VERSION 16 · UPDATED