Legislative Branch: FY2024 Appropriations

July 12, 2023 – May 21, 2024 R47624

Legislative Branch: FY2024 Appropriations
May 21, 2024
The legislative branch appropriations bill provides funding for the Senate; House of
Representatives; Joint Items; Capitol Police; Office of Congressional Workplace Rights;
Ida A. Brudnick
Congressional Budget Office (CBO); Architect of the Capitol (AOC); Library of Congress
Specialist on the Congress
(LOC), including the Congressional Research Service (CRS); Government Publishing Office

(GPO); Government Accountability Office (GAO); Congressional Office for International
Leadership (COIL); and John C. Stennis Center.

The FY2024 Budget Appendix volume was submitted on March 13, 2023 ($7.134 billion, +3.4% from the FY2023 enacted
level, including a budget amendment submitted on May 9, 2023, which would decrease the legislative branch request by $17
million). The House Legislative Branch Appropriations Subcommittee and the Senate Legislative Branch Appropriations
Subcommittee held hearings on the requests in March 2023.
On May 17, 2023, the House Legislative Branch Appropriations Subcommittee held a markup of the FY2024 bill and ordered
it to be reported by voice vote. The full House Appropriations Committee marked up the bill on June 21, 2023, and ordered it
to be reported by roll call vote (Roll Call #5, 33-24). It would have provided $5.301 billion, not including Senate items, a
$261.2 million decrease (-4.7%) from the comparable FY2023 enacted level (H.R. 4364, H.Rept. 118-120).
On July 13, 2023, the Senate Appropriations Committee held a markup of the FY2024 legislative branch appropriations bill.
The bill was ordered reported by a vote of 29-0 (S. 2302, S.Rept. 118-60). The bill, as amended, would have provided $4.741
billion (not including House items), a $196.2 million decrease (-4.0%) from the comparable FY2023 enacted level.
A continuing appropriations resolution extended funding through November 17, 2023 (P.L. 118-15). Legislative branch
funding was further extended through February 2, 2024 (P.L. 118-22), March 8 (P.L. 118-35), and March 22 (P.L. 118-40).
The House Rules Committee met to discuss a rule for consideration of H.R. 4364 on October 2, 2023. The House adopted the
special rule (H.Res. 756, H.Rept. 118-242) on October 3. H.R. 4364 passed the House (214-197) on November 1.
P.L. 118-47, enacted on March 23, 2024, provided $6.749 billion for the legislative branch in Division E.
Previously
• The FY2023 level of $6.899 billion (not including supplemental appropriations of $7.5 million) represented
an increase of $975.2 million (+16.5%) from the FY2022 level.
• The FY2022 level of $5.924 billion represented an increase of $618.8 million (+11.7%) from the FY2021
level, not including the FY2021 supplemental.
• The FY2021 level of $5.304 billion represented an increase of $255.0 million (+5.1%) from the FY2020
level, not including the FY2021 supplemental.
• The FY2020 level of $5.049 billion represented an increase of $202.8 million (+4.2%) from the FY2019
level, not including the FY2020 supplemental.
• The FY2019 level of $4.836 billion represented an increase of $136.0 million (+2.9%) from FY2018, not
including the FY2019 supplemental.
• The FY2018 level of $4.700 billion represented an increase of $260.0 million (+5.9%) from FY2017.
• The FY2017 level of $4.440 billion represented an increase of $77.0 million (+1.7%) from FY2016.
• The FY2016 level of $4.363 billion represented an increase of $63.0 million (+1.5%) from FY2015.
• The FY2015 level of $4.300 billion represented an increase of $41.7 million (+1.0%) from FY2014.
• The FY2014 level of $4.259 billion represented an increase of $198 million (+4.9%) from FY2013.
• The FY2013 level of $4.061 billion represented a decrease of $246 million (-5.6%), including the
sequestration and rescission, from FY2012.
The smallest of the appropriations bills, the legislative branch bill comprises approximately 0.4% of total discretionary
budget authority.
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FY2024 Consideration: Overview of Actions
The first section of this report provides an overview of the consideration of FY2024 legislative
branch appropriations, with subsections covering each action, including
• the initial submission of the request on March 13, 2023 ($7.134 billion, +3.4%,
including a budget amendment submitted May 9, 2023, which decreased the total
legislative branch request by $17 million);
• hearings held by the House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on the
Legislative Branch and the Senate Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on
the Legislative Branch, in March 2023;
• a markup of the FY2024 legislative branch appropriations bill by the House
Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch on May 17,
2023;
• a markup of the FY2024 legislative branch appropriations bill by the House
Appropriations Committee on June 21, 2023 (H.R. 4364, H.Rept. 118-120);
• consideration of the suballocation of budget allocations;
• a markup of the FY2024 legislative branch appropriations bill on July 13, 2023,
by the Senate Appropriations Committee, which ordered it reported by a vote of
29-0 (S. 2302, S.Rept. 118-60);
• the enactment of a continuing appropriations resolution extending funding
through November 17, 2023 (P.L. 118-15). Legislative branch funding was
further extended through February 2, 2024 (P.L. 118-22), March 8, 2024 (P.L.
118-35), and March 22 (P.L. 118-40);
• the meeting of the House Rules Committee to discuss a rule for consideration of
H.R. 4364 on October 2, 2023, and the adoption of the special rule (H.Res. 756,
H.Rept. 118-242) in the House on October 3;
• the consideration and passage of H.R. 4364 in the House on November 1; and
• the enactment of the FY2024 Further Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 118-
47) on March 23, 2024, which provided funding for legislative branch activities
in Division E.
It is followed by a section on prior-year actions and funding, which contains a historical table and
figure.
The report then provides an overview of the FY2024 budget requests of individual legislative
branch agencies and entities.
Table 5 through Table 9 list enacted funding levels for FY2023, and funding levels in the
FY2024 request, the House-passed bill, the Senate-reported bill, and the public law, while the
Appendix lists House, Senate, and conference bills and reports; public law numbers; and
enactment dates since FY1998.
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Status of FY2024 Appropriations: Dates and Documents
Table 1. Status of Legislative Branch Appropriations, FY2024

Conference Report
Committee Markup

Approval

House
House
Senate Senate

Conference
House
Senate
Report
Passage Report Passage
Report
House
Senate
Public Law
6/21/23
7/13/23 H.Rept. 118- 214-197
S.Rept.

P.L. 118-47;
(33-24)
(29-0)
120;
(11/1/23) 118-60;
3/23/24
H.R. 4364
S. 2302
(06/21/23)
(7/13/23)
Source: Congressional Research Service examination of congress.gov data.
Note: The House subcommittee markup was held on May 17, 2023.
Submission of FY2024 Budget Request on March 13, 2023
The White House submitted its budget for FY2024 in two parts. The FY2024 Budget Appendix
volume, which includes the legislative branch budget request, was submitted on March 13, 2023.
As annually explained by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB):1
The budget covers the agencies of all three branches of Government—Executive,
Legislative, and Judicial—and provides information on Government-sponsored
enterprises. In accordance with law or established practice, OMB includes information on
agencies of the Legislative Branch, the Judicial Branch, and certain Executive Branch
agencies as submitted by those agencies without change.
The independence of the submissions by the legislative branch agencies and entities is codified in
Title 31, Section 1105, of the U.S. Code, which states the following:2
Estimated expenditures and proposed appropriations for the legislative branch and the
judicial branch to be included in each budget ... shall be submitted to the President ... and
included in the budget by the President without change.
Furthermore, Division C of the FY2012 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 112-74) added
language to Title 31, Section 1107, relating to budget amendments, stating the following:
The President shall transmit promptly to Congress without change, proposed deficiency
and supplemental appropriations submitted to the President by the legislative branch and
the judicial branch.
On May 9, 2023, the President submitted a budget amendment, which stated3
This transmittal also includes seven FY 2024 Budget amendments for the Legislative
Branch. As a matter of comity and tradition, these appropriations requests for the

1 Office of Management and Budget, OMB Circular No. A-11 (2022), Section 10, Overview of the Budget Process, p.
2, at https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/information-for-agencies/circulars/.
2 An act “To revise, codify, and enact without substantive change certain general and permanent laws, related to money
and finance, as title 31, United States Code, ‘Money and Finance,’” P.L. 97-258, September 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 910.
3 President Joseph R. Biden, “Letter to the Speaker of the House of Representatives on Fiscal Year 2024 Budget
Amendments,” May 9, 2023, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/
FY_2024_Budget_Amendment_Corrections_5-9-23.pdf.
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Legislative Branch are transmitted without change. These amendments would decrease by
$17 million the overall discretionary budget authority in your FY 2024 Budget.
The budget amendments would address the Senate (two language requests, one increase in a
request, and two decreases to requests; total requested level decreased by $17.7 million), joint
items (a decrease of $215,000 in the request for the Joint Economic Committee), and the
Congressional Office for International Leadership (an increase of $1.2 million in the request).
The revised FY2024 budget contained a request for $7.134 billion in new budget authority for
legislative branch activities (+3.4%).
Senate and House Hearings on the FY2024 Budget Requests
Table 2 lists the dates of hearings of the legislative branch subcommittees. Prepared statements of
witnesses were posted on the subcommittee websites.
Table 2. Dates of House and Senate Hearings on Legislative Branch
FY2024 Budget Requests
House of

Representativesa
Senateb
Senate
—

House of Representatives
March 28, 2023
—
U.S. Capitol Police
March 29, 2023
—
Office of Congressional Workplace Rights
March 8, 2023
—
Congressional Budget Office
March 8, 2023
March 15, 2023
Architect of the Capitol
March 28, 2023
March 22, 2023
Library of Congress, including the
Congressional Research Service (CRS)
March 23, 2023
March 22, 2023
Government Publishing Office
March 9, 2023
March 15, 2023
Government Accountability Office
March 23, 2023
March 15, 2023
Congressional Office for International
Leadership/Open World Leadership Center
—
—
Member Day/Public Witnesses
March 24, 2023a
—
Source: CRS examination of House and Senate Appropriations Committee websites.
Notes:
a. On February 28, 2023, the House subcommittee announced via a dear col eague letter that it would accept
programmatic and language submissions from Members through March 24, 2023. As in prior years, the
letter indicated that the “Legislative Branch Subcommittee wil not be accepting Community Project Funding
requests in fiscal year 2024” (see also U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, “Fiscal Year
2024 Member Request Guidance,” at https://appropriations.house.gov/fiscal-year-2024-member-request-
guidance).
b. The Senate Appropriations Committee again also indicated that it would not be accepting congressionally
directed spending requests for the legislative branch bil . It announced a deadline of March 30, 2023, for
both programmatic requests and bil and report language requests (U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on
Appropriations, “FY 2024 Congressionally Directed Spending,” https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/fy-
2024-congressionally-directed-spending).
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House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on the
Legislative Branch Markup of FY2024 Bill
On May 17, 2023, the House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on the Legislative
Branch held a markup of the FY2024 bill. The subcommittee recommended $5.313 billion, a
$251.99 million decrease (-4.5%) from the comparable 2023 enacted level, not including Senate
items (which are historically considered by the Senate and not included in the House bill) or
supplemental appropriations.
No amendments were offered, and the bill was ordered to be reported to the full committee by
voice vote.
House Appropriations Committee Markup of FY2024 Bill (H.R.
4364, H.Rept. 118-120)
The full House Appropriations Committee initially scheduled a markup of the FY2024 legislative
branch bill on May 23, 2023. The markup was postponed.
The rescheduled markup was held on June 21, 2023. The bill was ordered to be reported by
recorded vote (33-24). The bill would have provided $5.301 billion in discretionary
appropriations, a decrease of $261.2 million (or 4.7%).
A number of amendments were considered:
• A manager’s amendment, offered by Subcommittee Chair Amodei, to add
language to the bill regarding reimbursable and revolving fund activities at the
Library of Congress. The manager’s amendment also made a number of revisions
to the draft report: (1) in the House of Representatives, Sergeant at Arms section,
adding language regarding district office security; (2) in the House of
Representatives, Chief Administrative Officer section, adding language regarding
a tool to deconflict committee scheduling; (3) in the House of Representatives,
Chief Administrative Officer section, adding language regarding allergy safety in
House dining facilities; (4) in the U.S. Capitol Police, general expenses section,
adding language related to the disclosure of USCP Inspector General reports; (5)
in the Congressional Budget Office section, adding language related to a survey
of budget modeling at institutions of higher learning; (6) in the Architect of the
Capitol, Capitol construction and operations section, adding language related to
succession planning and the appointment of a Deputy Architect; (7) in the
Architect of the Capitol, Capitol building section, adding language related to
increasing images of women in public spaces in Congress; and (8) in the Library
of Congress, Congressional Research Service section, adding language directing
a report on CRS staff detailees to Congress. The manager’s amendment was
adopted by voice vote.
• An amendment, offered by Representative Espaillat, to restore funding for the
House Office of Diversity and Inclusion (not adopted, roll call #1, 25-33).
• An amendment, offered en bloc by Subcommittee Chair Amodei, to (1) prohibit
funding for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) initiatives; (2) strike a plastic
waste reduction provision; (3) prohibit funding for certain discriminatory actions;
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and (4) direct the Librarian of Congress to produce a design concept for an
exhibit on American exceptionalism.” (adopted, roll call #2, 33-25).4
• An amendment, offered by Representative Aguilar, to permit funds in the act to
be used to employ individuals with an employment authorization document under
the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) Program (not adopted, roll
call #3, 28-30).
• An amendment, offered by Representative Clyde, to reduce funding for
presidential inaugural stands funded within the Architect of the Capitol budget
(adopted, roll call #4, 33-24).
Consideration of 302(b) Levels
On June 15, 2023, the House Appropriations Committee adopted draft FY2024 subcommittee
allocations, including for the legislative branch subcommittee.5
The Senate Appropriations Committee approved its initial 302(b) suballocations on June 22,
2023, by recorded vote (15-13). The plan would include $6.761 billion in discretionary budget
authority for the legislative branch. This is equivalent to 0.4% of total discretionary budget
authority and 1.0% of nonsecurity discretionary budget authority (S.Rept. 118-45). Revised
suballocations did not change the legislative branch total (for example, S.Rept. 118-98).
Senate Appropriations Committee Markup of FY2024 Bill (S. 2302,
S.Rept. 118-60)
On July 13, 2023, the Senate Appropriations Committee held a markup of the FY2024 legislative
branch appropriations bill. The bill was ordered reported by a vote of 29-0.
Amendments adopted during the markup include the following:6
• Bill language extending the Pump Act to legislative branch entities.
• A technical correction “of an omission in the bill language regarding the
authority for child care to the Senate and other legislative branch agencies.”
• Adjusting funding for the Offices of the Secretary for the Majority, the Secretary
for the Minority, and the Office of the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the
Senate.
• Adding bill language prohibiting, in the “Capitol Police, General Expenses” and
“Capitol Police, Capitol Police Buildings and Grounds and Security” headings,
any “amounts made available … [from being] used to purchase a drone
manufactured in the People’s Republic of China or by a business affiliated with
the People’s Republic of China except for national security purposes.”
• Adding language to the draft report section on single-use plastic: “Including
options for utilizing high content recycled products. The Committee continues

4 See text at U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, “Amendments to the Legislative Branch
Appropriations Bill FY2024,” full committee markup, June 21, 2023, https://docs.house.gov/meetings/AP/AP00/
20230621/116152/HMKP-118-AP00-20230621-SD005.pdf.
5 See U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, “Committee Approves FY24 Subcommittee Allocations,”
press release, June 15, 2023, https://appropriations.house.gov/news/press-releases/committee-approves-fy24-
subcommittee-allocations.
6 Text available at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/download/fy24-legislative-branch-managers-amendment.
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the directive contained in the explanatory statement accompanying P.L. 117-328
regarding the report on products currently in use.”
The bill, as amended, would have provided $4.741 billion (not including House items). This level
represents a $196.2 million decrease (-4.0%) from the comparable FY2023 enacted level (when
including the $7.5 million provided for GAO [in P.L. 117-328] and gratuity payment [included in
P.L. 117-128]).7
FY2024 Continuing Appropriations Resolutions Enacted
On September 30, 2023, a continuing appropriations resolution (CR) providing funding for
legislative branch activities through November 17, 2023, was enacted (P.L. 118-15). This CR also
extended Section 6 of P.L. 117-328, prohibiting a pay adjustment for Members of Congress.
Legislative branch funding, and Section 6 of P.L. 117-328, were further extended through
February 2, 2024 (P.L. 118-22), March 8, 2024 (P.L. 118-35), and March 22 (P.L. 118-40).
Special Rule for Consideration of H.R. 4364 (H.Res. 756)
The House Committee on Rules announced its intention to meet on October 2, 2023, to consider a
resolution that would structure consideration in the House of H.R. 4364. A rule for the
consideration of H.R. 4394, the FY2024 Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies
Appropriations Act, was considered at the same time.
A total of 31 draft amendments to the legislative branch bill were submitted.
A manager’s amendment, prohibiting a cost-of-living adjustment for Members of Congress for
FY2024, was to be considered as adopted (printed as Part C of the report).
Committee votes included the following:8
• Rules Committee record vote No. 144. A “motion by Mr. McGovern to add at the
end of the resolution a standing order for the 118th Congress that a motion to
suspend the rules and pass, adopt, agree to, or concur in a measure may not be
considered until the text of such measure has been available to Members,
Delegates, and the Resident Commissioner for 5 hours.” (Defeated: 4-9)
• Rules Committee record vote No. 146. A “motion by Ms. Scanlon to amend the
rule to make in order amendment #23 to H.R. 4364 offered by Representative
Pocan, which strikes anti-LGBTQI+ language in the bill.” (Defeated: 4-9)
• Rules Committee record vote No. 148. A “motion by Ms. Leger Fernandez to
amend the rule to make in order amendment #19 to H.R. 4364 offered by
Representative Jackson Lee, which restores funding for the House Office of
Diversity and Inclusion and strikes section 211 prohibiting the use of funds for
purposes of diversity, equity and inclusion.” (Defeated: 4-9)
• Rules Committee record vote No. 149. A “motion by Mr. Reschenthaler to report
the rule.” (Adopted: 9-4)

7 This is equivalent to a decrease of $188.7 million (-3.8%) when not including these items.
8 Rules Committee record votes #145 and #147 amended H.R. 4394, the FY2024 Energy and Water Development and
Related Agencies Appropriations Act and are not addressed in this report.
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H.Res. 756 (H.Rept. 118-242) was agreed to in the House on October 3, 2023 (Roll no. 517, 218-
208).
House Consideration and Passage of H.R. 4364
The House debated H.R. 4364 on November 1, 2023.
Pursuant to the provisions of H.Res. 756, the amendment printed in Part C of H.Rept. 118-242
(prohibiting a cost-of-living adjustment for Members of Congress for FY2024) was considered as
adopted (H.Amdt. 530).
Two roll call votes were held:
1. A motion to recommit failed (201-209; Roll no. 562).
2. H.R. 4364 passed the House (214-197; Roll no. 563).
FY2024 Funding Enacted (P.L. 118-47)
FY2024 legislative branch funding was provided as part of a package with six appropriations
acts. Draft text of the minibus was released by the House and Senate Appropriations Committees
on March 20 and 21, 2024, respectively.9
H.R. 2882 was amended in the House to contain the draft text on March 22, 2024, pursuant to
H.Res. 1102 (Providing for the concurrence by the House in the Senate amendment to H.R. 2882,
with an amendment; Roll no. 102, 286-134).
Following floor votes rejecting additional amendments to the House-passed version of H.R. 2882,
the Senate on March 23, 2024, agreed to the House amendment to the Senate amendment to H.R.
2882 (Record Vote Number 114, 74-24).
P.L. 118-47, the FY2024 Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, was enacted on March 23,
2024, and provided $6.749 billion for the legislative branch in Division E (a decrease of $157.7
million, or -2.3%, when compared to the “grand total” for FY2023; or a decrease of $144.0
million, or -2.1%, when considering Title I only).10
Funding in Prior Years: Brief Overview and Trends
Legislative Branch: Historical Percentage of Total Discretionary Budget
Authority
The percentage of total discretionary budget authority provided to the legislative branch has
remained relatively stable at approximately 0.4% since at least FY1976.11 The maximum level,

9 U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, “Appropriations Committees Release Second FY24 Package,”
press release, March 20, 2024, https://appropriations.house.gov/news/press-releases/appropriations-committees-release-
second-fy24-package, and U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Appropriations, “Murray, Top Appropriators Release
Second Funding Package,” press release, March 21, 2024, https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/majority/
murray-top-appropriators-release-second-funding-package. Both press releases include links to text of the full funding
package.
10 Congressional Record, March 22, 2024, pp. H2084 and H2086.
11 Calculations by CRS with data from Office of Management and Budget (OMB), “Table 5.4—Discretionary Budget
Authority By Agency: 1976-2028,” in Historical Tables, Budget of the United States Government, FY2024, at
(continued...)
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not including the transition quarter,12 was in FY1995 (0.48%), and the minimum was in FY2020
(0.28%).
FY2023
FY2023 funding was provided by Division I of the Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 117-
328), which was enacted on December 29, 2022. The act provided $6.899 billion for legislative
branch activities, an increase of $975.2 million (+16.5%) from the FY2022 enacted level.
An additional $7.5 million was provided for GAO in P.L. 117-328 (Division M, Title VI). A
gratuity payment was included in P.L. 117-128.
FY2022
FY2022 funding was provided by Division I of the FY2022 Consolidated Appropriations Act
(P.L. 117-103), which was enacted on March 15, 2022. The act provided $5.924 billion for
legislative branch activities, an increase of $619.96 million (+11.7%) from the FY2021 level, not
including FY2021 emergency appropriations; and an increase of $166.6 million (+2.9%), when
including FY2021 emergency appropriations.13
FY2021
FY2021 funding was provided by Division I of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (H.R.
133, P.L. 116-260), which was enacted on December 27, 2020. The act provided $5.304 billion in
new budget authority for legislative branch activities, an increase of $251.2 million (+5.1%) (not
including emergency appropriations). Joint explanatory text appeared in House Rules Committee
Print 116-68,14 and in the Congressional Record.15 P.L. 116-260 also contained additional titles
related to the legislative branch in Division O—Extensions and Technical Corrections: Title
VII—Deputy Architect of the Capitol Amendments, and in Division FF—Other Matter: Title
IV—Senate Sergeant at Arms Cloud Services.
The Emergency Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (H.R. 3237, P.L. 117-31) was
enacted on July 30, 2021. The act provided

https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/historical-tables/. The calculations have some limitations, since the OMB data do not
completely align with items funded in the annual and supplemental legislative branch appropriations acts. The
differences may be partially traced to the definition of “legislative branch” in the OMB Public Budget Database user’s
guide. Some entities regularly included with the legislative branch in many OMB budget documents, like the U.S. Tax
Court and some Legislative Branch Boards and Commissions, are not funded through the annual legislative branch
appropriations acts. Consequently, an examination of the discretionary budget authority listed in the Historical Tables
reveals some differences with the reported total budget authority provided in the annual legislative branch
appropriations acts. The difference in legislative branch budget authority resulting from the different definitions of the
legislative branch in the OMB budget documents and in the appropriations acts, however, does not represent a
significant difference in the proportion of total discretionary budget authority.
12 “Prior to 1977, the fiscal year began on July 1 and ended on June 30 ... Fiscal year 1976 ended on June 30, 1976, and
fiscal year 1977 began on October 1, 1976. The period July 1, 1976, to September 30, 1976, is called the ‘transition
quarter’ or TQ.” (Office of Management and Budget, Budget Analysis Branch, Public Budget Database User’s Guide,
Budget of the United States Government, FY2022, May 2021, p. 2.)
13 See also the “Explanatory Statement Submitted by Ms. DeLauro, Chair of the House Committee on Appropriations,
Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 2471, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022,”
Congressional Record, March 9, 2022, pp. H2916-H2940.
14 Available at https://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20201221/BILLS-116RCP68-JES-DIVISION-I.pdf.
15 Congressional Record, December 21, 2020, Book IV, pp. H8712-H8733. Funding tables appear on pp. H8722-
H8733.
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• $7.83 million for the Senate Sergeant at Arms “to prevent, prepare for, and
respond to coronavirus”;
• two gratuity payments for heirs of deceased Members of Congress;
• $11.65 million for the House of Representatives, Allowances and Expenses, “to
prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus”;
• $37.50 million for Capitol Police, Salaries, “to respond to the events at the
United States Capitol on January 6, 2021”;
• $33.17 million for Capitol Police, General Expenses, “to respond to the events at
the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021”;
• $800,000 for Capitol Police, General Expenses, “to prevent, prepare for, and
respond to coronavirus”;
• $35.40 million for Capitol Police, Mutual Aid Reimbursements;
• an administrative provision designating the Capitol Police wellness program the
“Howard C. Liebengood Center for Wellness”;
• an administrative provision adjusting the maximum annual payable rate for any
member or civilian employee of the Capitol Police;
• $21.87 million for the Architect of the Capitol, Capital Construction and
Operations, “to prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus”;
• $300.00 million for the Architect of the Capitol, Capitol Police Buildings,
Grounds and Security, “to respond to the events at the United States Capitol on
January 6, 2021”;
• a general provision prohibiting the use of funds “in prior fiscal years, this fiscal
year, or any fiscal year thereafter ... to install permanent, above-ground fencing
around the perimeter, or any portion thereof, of the United States Capitol
Grounds”; and
• a general provision authorizing the Architect of the Capitol to accept
contributions or incur obligations and make expenditures related to “supplies,
products, and services necessary to respond to an emergency involving the safety
of human life or the protection of property, as determined or declared by the
Capitol Police Board, which may be provided for the use of any office which is
located within any building, grounds, or facility for which the Architect of the
Capitol is responsible for the maintenance, care, and operation.”
FY2020
FY2020 funding was provided in Division E of the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L.
116-94), which was enacted on December 20, 2019. The $5.049 billion provided for the
legislative branch represented an increase of $202.8 million (+4.2%) from the FY2019 level.
Additional language related to the legislative branch was included in Division P.
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act, P.L. 116-136, enacted
March 27, 2020) provided additional funding to allow legislative branch entities “to prevent,
prepare for, and respond to coronavirus, domestically or internationally.” Funding included
• Senate: $1.0 million for the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate and
$9.0 million for “Miscellaneous Items.”
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• House: $25.0 million for the “House of Representatives, Salaries and Expenses”
account. This account funds all activities of the House, but it does not fund
salaries of Members of Congress.
• Office of the Attending Physician: $400,000.
• Capitol Police: $12.0 million for salaries. The Capitol Police were also provided
authority to transfer funding to the “general expenses” account without the
approval requirement provided in 2 U.S.C. §1907(a)).
• Architect of the Capitol: $25.0 million, for preparing and responding to the
COVID-19 emergency and to allow the Architect to “purchase and distribute
cleaning and sanitation products throughout all facilities and grounds under the
care of the Architect of the Capitol, wherever located, and any related services
and operational costs.”
• Library of Congress: $700,000 for the Little Scholars Child Development Center.
• Government Accountability Office: $20.0 million to prepare and respond to the
emergency, for audits and investigations, and for reimbursement of the Tiny
Findings Child Development Center.
The CARES Act also contained a number of general provisions related to the legislative branch,
including provisions governing the use of funds provided in the act; authorizing payments for
certain goods and services; waiving certain mass mailing restrictions related to life safety; a
technical correction related to the Library of Congress; a conforming amendment related to the
Family and Medical Leave Act; a section related to oversight and audit authority; and a section
related to National Emergency Relief Authority for the Register of Copyrights.
FY2019
FY2019 funding was provided in Division B of the Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and
Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019 (P.L. 115-244), which was
enacted on September 21, 2018. The $4.836 billion provided for the legislative branch
represented an increase of $136.0 million (+2.9%) from the FY2018 enacted level.
An additional $10.0 million in FY2019 supplemental appropriations for GAO “for audits and
investigations related to Hurricanes Florence, Lane, and Michael, Typhoons Yutu and Mangkhut,
the calendar year 2018 wildfires, earthquakes, and volcano eruptions, and other disasters declared
pursuant to the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act” was included in
two bills considered in the 116th Congress: H.R. 268, which passed the House on January 16,
2019—cloture was not invoked in the Senate; and H.R. 2157, which passed the House on May 10
(Roll no. 202) and the Senate (with an amendment) on May 23, 2019 (Record Vote Number: 129).
H.R. 2157 was enacted June 6, 2019 (P.L. 116-20).
FY2018
FY2018 funding was provided in Division I of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (P.L.
115-141), which was enacted on March 23, 2018. The $4.700 billion provided by the act
represented an increase of $260.0 million (+5.9%) from the FY2017 enacted level.
In addition, P.L. 115-123, enacted February 9, 2018, provided $14.0 million to GAO “for audits
and investigations relating to Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria and the 2017 wildfires.” (Title
IX of Division B).
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FY2017
FY2017 funding was provided in Division I of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017 (P.L.
115-31), which was enacted on May 5, 2017. The $4.440 billion provided by the act represented a
$77.0 million increase (+1.7%) from the FY2016 enacted level.
FY2016
FY2016 funding was provided in Division I of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L.
114-113), which was enacted on December 18, 2015. The $4.363 billion provided by the act
represented a $63.0 million increase (+1.5%) from the FY2015 enacted level.
FY2015
FY2015 funding was provided in Division H of the Consolidated and Further Continuing
Appropriations Act, 2015 (P.L. 113-235), which was enacted on December 16, 2014. The $4.300
billion provided by the act represented an increase of $41.7 million (+1.0%) from FY2014.
FY2014
Neither a legislative branch appropriations bill nor a continuing resolution (CR) containing
FY2014 funding was enacted prior to the beginning of the fiscal year on October 1, 2013. A
funding gap, which resulted in a partial government shutdown, ensued for 16 days. The funding
gap was terminated by the enactment of a CR (P.L. 113-46) on October 17, 2013. The CR
provided funding through January 15, 2014.16 Following enactment of a CR on January 15, 2014
(P.L. 113-73), a consolidated appropriations bill was enacted on January 17 (P.L. 113-76),
providing $4.259 billion for the legislative branch for FY2014.
FY2013
FY2013 funding of approximately $4.061 billion was provided by P.L. 113-6, which was signed
into law on March 26, 2013.17 The act funded legislative branch accounts at the FY2012 enacted
level, with some exceptions (also known as “anomalies”), not including across-the-board
rescissions required by Section 3004 of P.L. 113-6. Section 3004 was intended to eliminate any
amount by which the new budget authority provided in the act exceeded the FY2013
discretionary spending limits in Section 251(c)(2) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit
Control Act, as amended by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (P.L. 112-25) and the American
Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-240). Subsequent to the enactment of P.L. 113-6, OMB
calculated that additional rescissions of 0.032% of security budget authority and 0.2% of
nonsecurity budget authority would be required. The act did not alter the sequestration reductions
implemented on March 1, which reduced most legislative branch accounts by 5.0%.18 The

16 The legislative branch previously experienced a funding gap in FY1996 (November 14-18, 1995).
17 FY2013 level from the CBO cost estimate for “Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014 (H.J.Res. 59), Including
the Amendment Reported by the House Committee on Rules on September 18, 2013 (H.Res. 352)” at
http://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/hjres59amendment.pdf, which lists a total for legislative
branch budget authority of $4.061 billion, noting that it “includes effects of the 2013 sequestration.” This bill contained
a small anomaly for the legislative branch.
18 White House, President Obama, Sequestration Order for Fiscal Year 2013 Pursuant to Section 251A of the Balanced
Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act, As Amended, March 1, 2013, at https://www.federalregister.gov/
documents/2013/03/06/2013-05397/sequestration-order-for-fiscal-year-2013-pursuant-to-section-251a-of-the-balanced-
budget-and.
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accompanying OMB report indicated a dollar amount of budget authority to be canceled in each
account containing nonexempt funds.19
FY2012 and Prior
Division G of the FY2012 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 112-74) provided $4.307 billion
for the legislative branch. This level was $236.9 million below (-5.2%) the FY2011 enacted level.
P.L. 112-10 provided $4.543 billion for legislative branch operations in FY2011. This level
represented a $125.1 million decrease (-2.7%) from the $4.668 billion provided in the FY2010
Legislative Branch Appropriations Act (P.L. 111-68) and the FY2010 Supplemental
Appropriations Act (P.L. 111-212). The FY2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act provided $4.402
billion. In FY2009, an additional $25.0 million was provided for GAO in the American Recovery
and Reinvestment Act of 2009.20 P.L. 111-32, the FY2009 Supplemental Appropriations Act, also
contained funding for a new Capitol Police radio system ($71.6 million) and additional funding
for the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) ($2.0 million).21
As seen in Table 3, in current dollars, legislative branch funding decreased each year from
FY2010 through FY2013, and it did not exceed the FY2010 level until FY2018. Adjusted for
inflation, the FY2022 funding level was slightly less than the FY2010 level.22 The FY2023
Consolidated Appropriations Act was the first to fund the legislative branch at a higher level than
provided for FY2010, in inflation-adjusted dollars.
Figure 1 shows the same information graphically, while Figure 2 shows the distribution of funds
across the legislative branch in FY2022 and FY2023.

19 Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, OMB Report to the Congress on the Joint
Committee Sequestration for Fiscal Year 2013, March 1, 2013, at https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2013/03/
06/2013-05397/sequestration-order-for-fiscal-year-2013-pursuant-to-section-251a-of-the-balanced-budget-and.
20 P.L. 111-5, February 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 191.
21 U.S. Congress, conference committee, Making Supplemental Appropriations for the Fiscal Year Ending September
30, 2009, and for Other Purposes, report to accompany H.R. 2346, 111th Cong., 1st sess., H.Rept. 111-151
(Washington: GPO, 2009), p. 117.
22 See the table notes for information about adjustments, including emergency supplemental funding.
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Table 3. Legislative Branch Funding, FY2010-FY2023: Current and Constant Dollars
(in billions of dollars)
Fiscal
Year
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Current
4.669a
4.543b
4.307
4.061c
4.259
4.300
4.363
4.440
4.700d
4.846e
5.049f
5.304g
5.924
6.899h
Constant
6.314
6.009
5.581
5.179
5.348
5.371
5.413
5.413
5.606
5.682
5.806
5.932
6.252
6.899
Source: CRS analysis of legislative branch appropriations acts and related budget documents.
Notes: These figures exclude permanent budget authorities, including funding for Member pay, that are not included in the annual legislative branch appropriations bil .
Constant 2023 dol ars calculated using the “Total Non-Defense” deflator in Table 10.1—Gross Domestic Product and Deflators Used in the Historical Tables: 1940–2028 in
the President’s FY2024 budget request. See notes below or related CRS reports for additional information on specific years.
a. This number contains appropriations provided by P.L. 111-68 (the FY2010 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act), and $12.96 mil ion in supplemental appropriations
provided for the U.S. Capitol Police in P.L. 111-212 (the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2010).
b. This number does not include scorekeeping adjustment.
c. FY2013 level obtained from the CBO cost estimate for “Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014 (H.J.Res. 59), Including the Amendment Reported by the
House Committee on Rules on September 18, 2013 (H.Res. 352) Discretionary spending (in mil ions of dol ars),” which lists a total for legislative branch budget
authority of $4.061 bil ion, noting that it “includes effects of the 2013 sequestration.” This bil contained a small anomaly for the legislative branch.
d. Does not include $14.0 mil ion provided to the Government Accountability Office “for audits and investigations relating to Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria and
the 2017 wildfires” (P.L. 115-123, Title IX of Division B, enacted February 9, 2018).
e. The total includes $10.0 mil ion in FY2019 supplemental appropriations for GAO for audits and investigations related to storms and disasters (P.L. 116-20, enacted
June 6, 2019).
f.
The total does not include $93.1 mil ion in FY2020 supplemental appropriations, including $10.0 mil ion for the Senate, $25.0 mil ion for the House of
Representatives, $400,000 for the Office of the Attending Physician, $12.0 mil ion for the Capitol Police, $25.0 mil ion for the Architect of the Capitol, $700,000 for
the Library of Congress, and $20.0 mil ion for the Government Accountability Office (CARES Act, P.L. 116-136, enacted March 27, 2020).
g. The total does not include funding provided in the Emergency Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 117-31, July 30, 2021), which provided $448.6
mil ion.
h. The total does not include $7.5 mil ion in supplemental appropriations provided for GAO in P.L. 117-328.

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Figure 1. Legislative Branch Funding FY2010-FY2023: Current and Constant Dollars

Source: CRS analysis of legislative branch appropriations acts and related budget documents.
Notes: The figure does not include permanent budget authorities, including funding for Member pay, that are
not included in the annual legislative branch appropriations bil . Total also excludes offsetting col ections and
authority to spend receipts. Constant 2023 dol ars calculated using the “Total Non-Defense” deflator in Table
10.1—Gross Domestic Product and Deflators Used in the Historical Tables: 1940–2028 in the President’s FY2024
budget request.
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Figure 2. Distribution of Legislative Branch Funding: FY2022 and FY2023
(Division I of P.L. 117-103 compared to Division I of P.L. 117-328)

Source: CRS analysis of legislative branch appropriations acts and related budget documents.
Note: This figure does not include permanent budget authorities, offsetting col ections, or authority to spend
receipts.
Figure 3 shows the timing of legislative branch appropriations actions, including the issuance of
House and Senate reports, bill passage, and enactment since FY1996. It shows that fiscal year
funding for the legislative branch has been determined
• on or before October 1 six times during this period (FY1997, FY2000, FY2004,
FY2006, FY2010, and FY2019);
• twice during the first month of the fiscal year (FY1998 and FY1999);
• twice in November (FY1996 and FY2002);
• nine times in December (FY2001, FY2005, FY2008, FY2012, FY2015, FY2016,
FY2020, FY2021, and FY2023); and
• ten times in the next calendar year (FY2003, FY2007, FY2009, FY2011,
FY2013, FY2014, FY2017, FY2018, FY2022, and FY2024). FY2017 funding,
enacted on May 5, 2017, represented the latest date of enactment during this
period.

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Figure 3. Timing of Legislative Branch Appropriations Consideration:
FY1996 FY2024
(fiscal year consideration during the calendar year)
Figure is interactive in the HTML version of this report.

Source: CRS analysis of data found on http://www.congress.gov.
Notes: Each row represents consideration during the calendar year of the subsequent fiscal year spending bil
(i.e., the calendar year 1995 row shows the timeline of consideration and passage of the FY1996 act). Arrows in
the December column indicate consideration continued into the next calendar year. The figure shows when the
committee report was filed, which may be later than the date the bil was ordered to be reported. When House
and Senate action occurs on the same date, the House is shown first. The FY2010 Legislative Branch
Appropriations Act (P.L. 111-68) is listed in this figure as stand-alone legislation (Division A), although it was also
the vehicle for a continuing appropriations resolution (Division B).

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FY2024 Legislative Branch Funding Issues
The following sections discuss the various legislative branch accounts.
During consideration of the legislative branch bills, the House and Senate conform to a
“longstanding practice under which each body of Congress determines its own housekeeping
requirements and the other concurs without intervention.”23
Senate
Overall Funding
The Senate requested $1.257 billion (including the budget amendment submitted May 9, 2023),24
an increase of 9.3% from the $1.150 billion provided in FY2023. The Senate-reported bill would
have provided $1.238 billion (+7.7%). The FY2024 act provides $1.255 billion (+9.1%).
Additional information on the Senate account is presented in Table 6.
Senate Committee Funding
Appropriations for Senate committees are contained in two accounts.
1. The inquiries and investigations account contains funds for all Senate
committees except Appropriations. The FY2023 act provided $145.6 million. The
Senate requested, and the FY2024 act provides, $174.0 million (+19.5%). The
Senate-reported bill would have provided $176.6 million (+21.3%).
2. The Committee on Appropriations account contains funds for the Senate
Appropriations Committee. The FY2023 act provided $17.9 million. The Senate
requested $18.8 million (+5.2%). The Senate-reported bill would have provided
$18.7 million (+4.4%). The FY2024 act provides $19.3 million (+7.9%).
Senators’ Official Personnel and Office Expense Account25
The Senators’ Official Personnel and Office Expense Account (SOPOEA) provides each Senator
with funds to administer an office. It consists of an administrative and clerical assistance
allowance, a legislative assistance allowance, and an official office expense allowance. The funds
may be used for any category of expenses, subject to limitations on official mail.
The Senate requested $550.0 million, an increase of 7.4% from the $512.0 million provided for
FY2023. The Senate-reported bill would have provided $534.5 million (+4.4%). The FY2024 act
provides $552.6 million (+7.9%).
As in the FY2022 and FY2023 acts, the FY2024 request, the Senate-reported bill, and the
FY2024 act provide $7.0 million for compensating Senate interns within this total.

23 For example, U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Legislative Branch, Legislative
Branch, 2019, report to accompany S. 3071, 115th Cong., 2nd sess., June 14, 2018, S.Rept. 115-274, p. 4.
24 See President Joseph R. Biden, “Letter to the Speaker of the House of Representatives on Fiscal Year 2024 Budget
Amendments,” May 9, 2023, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/
FY_2024_Budget_Amendment_Corrections_5-9-23.pdf.
25 For additional information, see CRS Report R44399, Senators’ Official Personnel and Office Expense Account
(SOPOEA): History and Usage, by Ida A. Brudnick.
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Administrative Provisions
The following provisions were included in the Senate-reported bill:
1. A provision, which was first included in FY2016, would require amounts
remaining in the Senators’ Official Personnel and Expense Account (SOPOEA)
to be used for deficit reduction or to reduce the federal debt.
2. A provision striking subsection (d) (related to a sunset date) of the Senate
resolution establishing the Senate National Security Working Group (S.Res. 64,
113th Congress).
3. A provision increasing the number of consultants that the majority leader and the
minority leader are authorized to hire, pursuant to 2 U.S.C. §6501(a), from 9 to
12.
4. A provision extending the authority provided to the executive branch pursuant to
40 U.S.C. §590(g), related to the use of appropriated funds for child care, to the
legislative branch.
5. A provision amending 2 U.S.C. §6317 to address the security of office space
rented by Senators.
With the exception of the Senate National Security Working Group provision, which had
previously been included in the National Defense Authorization Act (P.L. 118-31), these
administrative provisions were all included in the FY2024 act.
House of Representatives
Overall Funding
The House requested $1.903 billion for FY2024, an increase of 3.0% from the $1.848 billion
provided for FY2022. The FY2024 House-passed bill and the FY2024 act provide $1.851 billion
(+0.2%).
Additional information on headings in the House of Representatives account is presented in Table
7.
House Committee Funding
Funding for House committees is contained in the appropriation heading “committee employees,”
which typically comprises two subheadings.
The first subheading contains funds for personnel and nonpersonnel expenses of House
committees, except the Appropriations Committee, as authorized by the House in a committee
expense resolution. The FY2023 act provided $180.6 million, the same level provided in the
House-passed bill and the FY2024 act. The House had requested $184.2 million (+2.0%).
The second subheading contains funds for the personnel and nonpersonnel expenses of the
Committee on Appropriations. The FY2023 act, the FY2024 request, the House-passed bill, and
the FY2024 act each contain $31.3 million.
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Members’ Representational Allowance26
The Members’ Representational Allowance (MRA) is available to support Members in their
official and representational duties.
The FY2023 act, the FY2024 request, the House-passed bill, and the FY2024 act each contain
$810.0 million.
Compensation of Interns
The FY2023 act, the FY2024 request, the FY2024 House-passed bill, and the FY2024 act, all
contain, in separate accounts, $20.6 million for interns in House Member offices, $586,000 for
interns in House leadership offices, $2.6 million for interns for standing and select committees
other than the House Appropriations Committee, and $463,000 for interns with the House
Appropriations Committee.
Administrative Provisions
The House requested, and the House-passed bill and the FY2024 act contained, three
administrative provisions continued from prior years related to
• unexpended balances from the MRA;
• limiting amounts available from the MRA for leased vehicles; and
• providing for cybersecurity assistance from other federal entities.
Support Agency Funding
U.S. Capitol Police (USCP)
The USCP is responsible for the security of the Capitol Complex, including, for example, the
U.S. Capitol, the House and Senate office buildings, the U.S. Botanic Garden, and the Library of
Congress buildings and adjacent grounds.
The FY2023 enacted level was $734.6 million. In comparison, levels considered for FY2024
include the following:
• Requested: $840.9 million (+14.5%)
• House-passed bill: $780.9 million (+6.3%)
• Senate-reported bill: $792.5 million (+7.9%)
• FY2024 enacted: $791.5 million (+7.7%)
Additional information on the USCP is presented in Table 8.27
Appropriations for the police are contained in two accounts—a salaries account and a general
expenses account.
1. Salaries—the FY2023 act provided $541.7 million for salaries. The USCP
requested $612.3 million (+13.0%). The House-passed bill would have provided

26 For additional information, see CRS Report R40962, Members’ Representational Allowance: History and Usage.
27 For additional information, see CRS Insight IN11570, The U.S. Capitol Police: Brief Background, by Ida A.
Brudnick.
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$588.1 million (+8.6%). The Senate-reported bill recommended, and the FY2024
act provides, $588.6 million (+8.7%).
2. General expenses—the FY2023 act provided $192.8 million for general
expenses, the same level as included in the House-passed bill. The Senate-
reported bill would have provided $203.8 million (+5.7%). The USCP requested
$228.7 million (+18.6%). The FY2024 act provides $202.8 million (+5.2%).
Another appropriation relating to the USCP appears within the Architect of the Capitol account
for Capitol Police buildings and grounds and security. The FY2023 level was $402.9 million. For
FY2024, $119.8 million (-70.3%) was requested, the House-passed bill would have provided
$81.2 million (-79.9%), and the Senate-reported bill would have provided $86.8 million (-78.5%).
The FY2024 act provides $85.2 million (-78.9%).
Office of Congressional Workplace Rights (OCWR)
Formerly known as the Office of Compliance, the Office of Congressional Workplace Rights
(OCWR) was renamed by the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 Reform Act (P.L. 115-
397). It is an independent and nonpartisan agency within the legislative branch, and it was
originally established to administer and enforce the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995.28
The act applies various employment and workplace safety laws to Congress and certain
legislative branch entities.29
The FY2023 act provided $8.0 million, which was continued in the House-passed bill. OCWR
had requested $8.6 million (+6.9%). The Senate-reported bill would have provided $8.3 million
(+3.8%). The FY2024 act provides $8.15 million (+1.9%).
Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
CBO is a nonpartisan congressional agency created to provide objective economic and budgetary
analysis to Congress. CBO cost estimates are required for any measure reported by a regular or
conference committee that may affect revenues or expenditures.30
The FY2023 level was $63.2 million. In comparison, CBO requested $70.8 million (+11.9%) for
FY2024, the House-passed bill would have provided $64.6 million (+2.2%), the Senate-reported
bill would have provided $70.1 million (+10.9%), and the FY2024 act provides $70.0 million
(+10.7%).

28 P.L. 104-1, 109 Stat. 3, January 23, 1995. The act, as amended, applies 12 civil rights, labor, and workplace safety
laws to Congress and certain legislative branch agencies. These laws are the Age Discrimination in Employment Act,
Americans with Disabilities Act, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Employee Polygraph Protection Act, Fair
Labor Standards Act, Family and Medical Leave Act, Federal Services Labor-Management Relations Act,
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, Rehabilitation Act of 1970, Veterans’ employment and reemployment
rights at Chapter 43 of Title 38 of the U.S. Code, Worker Adjustment and Retraining Act, and Veterans Employment
Opportunities Act.
29 Among the office’s activities are administration of a dispute resolution process, investigation and enforcement of
occupational safety and health and disability provisions of the act, investigation of labor relations and enforcement of
applicable provisions, and development of educational programs regarding the act’s provisions.
30 CBO is required to use estimates provided by the Joint Committee on Taxation for all revenue legislation (Balanced
Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, P.L. 99-177, §273, 99 Stat.1098, December 12, 1985; 2 U.S.C.
§§621 et seq.).
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Architect of the Capitol (AOC)
The Architect of the Capitol (AOC) is responsible for the maintenance, operation, development,
and preservation of the U.S. Capitol Complex, which includes the Capitol and its grounds, House
and Senate office buildings, Library of Congress buildings and grounds, Capitol Power Plant,
Botanic Garden, Capitol Visitor Center, and USCP buildings and grounds. The AOC is
responsible for the Supreme Court buildings and grounds, but appropriations for their expenses
are not contained in the legislative branch appropriations bill.
The FY2023 level was $1.315 billion.
In comparison, levels considered for FY2024 include the following:
• Requested: $1.128 billion (-14.2%)
• House-passed bill: $787.1 billion (-30.4%, not including Senate office buildings)
• Senate-reported bill: $797.7 million (-33.1%, not including House office
buildings)
• FY2024 enacted: $947.3 million (-28.0%)
Operations of the AOC are funded in the following 10 accounts: capital construction and
operations, Capitol building, Capitol grounds, Senate office buildings, House office buildings,
Capitol Power Plant, Library buildings and grounds, Capitol Police buildings and grounds,
Capitol Visitor Center, and Botanic Garden. Additional funding information on the individual
AOC accounts is presented in Table 9.
Administrative Provision
The FY2024 budget request, the House-passed and Senate-reported bills, and the FY2024 act
each included an administrative provision that prohibits the use of funds for bonuses for
contractors behind schedule or over budget. This provision has been included in the annual
appropriations act since FY2015.
Library of Congress (LOC)
The Library of Congress (LOC) serves simultaneously as Congress’s parliamentary library and
the de facto national library of the United States. Its broader services to the nation include the
acquisition, maintenance, and preservation of a collection of more than 175.77 million items in
various formats;31 service to the general public and scholarly and library communities;
administration of U.S. copyright laws by its Copyright Office; and administration of a national
program to provide reading material to the blind and print disabled. Its direct services to Congress
include the provision of legal research and law-related services by the Law Library of Congress,
and a broad range of activities by CRS, including in-depth and nonpartisan public policy research,
analysis, and legislative assistance for Members and committees and their staff; congressional
staff training; information and statistics retrieval; and continuing legal education for Members of
both chambers and congressional staff.
The FY2023 level was $828.5 million. In comparison, levels considered for FY2024 include the
following:
• Requested: $895.2 million (+8.0%)

31 Figure obtained from the Library of Congress, Annual Report of the Librarian of Congress for Fiscal Year 2022,
2022, p. 21, at https://www.loc.gov/about/reports-and-budgets/annual-reports/.
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• House-passed bill: $843.7 million (+1.8%)
• Senate-reported bill: $855.8 million (+3.3%)
• FY2024 enacted: $852.2 million (+2.8%)
These figures do not include additional authority to spend receipts.32
The LOC headings include the following:33
1. Salaries and expenses—The FY2023 level was $582.5 million. The LOC
requested $618.6 million (+6.2%) for FY2024. The House-passed bill would
have provided $582.6 million (+0.01%). The Senate-reported bill would have
provided $596.1 million (+2.3%). The FY2024 act provides $592.4 million
(+1.7%).
2. Copyright Office—The FY2023 level was $53.8 million. The LOC requested
$57.5 million (+7.0%) for FY2024. The House-passed bill would have provided
$55.4 million (+3.1%). The Senate-reported bill recommended, and the FY2024
act provides, $57.5 million (+7.0%). These figures do not include authority to
spend receipts ($44.6 million in the House-passed and Senate-reported bills and
the FY2024 act) and prior-year unobligated balances ($1.0 million in the House-
passed and Senate-reported bills and the FY2024 act).
3. Congressional Research Service—The FY2023 act provided $133.6 million. The
FY2024 request contained $146.6 million (+9.7%) for FY2024. The House-
passed bill would have provided $135.8 million (+1.6%). The Senate-reported
bill recommended, and the FY2024 act provides, $136.1 million (+1.9%).
4. National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled—The FY2023 level
was $58.7 million. The LOC requested $72.5 million (+23.6%) for FY2024. The
House-passed bill would have provided $69.9 million (+19.2%). The Senate-
reported bill recommended, and the FY2024 act provides, $66.1 million
(+12.7%).
The AOC’s budget also contains funds for LOC buildings and grounds. In FY2023, $144.2
million was provided. The FY2024 request contains $120.8 million (-16.3%), and the House-
passed bill would have provided $117.1 million (-18.8%). The Senate-reported bill would have
provided $78.6 million (-45.5%). The FY2024 act provides $94.98 million (-34.1%).
Administrative Provisions
The legislative branch appropriations bills regularly include a provision providing authority to
obligate funds for reimbursable and revolving fund activities ($308.6 million in the FY2023 act;
$324.1 million in the FY2024 request, the House-passed and Senate-reported bills, and the
FY2024 act).
The Library also requested provisions related to pay for senior-level Library personnel, transfer
authority between the Library of Congress and the Architect of the Capitol, a program for
minority-serving institutions, establishing a signature public programs revolving fund, expanding
the National Film Preservation Board and the National Recording Preservation Board, updating
the Poet Laureate appointment authority, ensuring CRS access to certain information, and

32 Fees paid to the LOC for copyright registration are an example of receipts.
33 For information on a change in the technology funding practice that affected the four LOC appropriations headings in
FY2020, see the explanation in H.Rept. 116-64 and S.Rept. 116-124.
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eliminating the distribution of hardcopy versions of the Constitution Annotated. These provisions
were not included in the House-passed or Senate-reported bills or the FY2024 act.
Government Publishing Office (GPO)34
GPO’s FY2023 enacted level was $129.9 million, which was recommended in the House-passed
bill. GPO had requested $132.5 million (+2.0%). The Senate-reported bill would have provided
$131.6 million (+1.3%). The FY2024 act provides $131.99 million (+1.7%).
GPO’s budget authority is contained in three accounts:
1. Congressional publishing—The FY2023 act provided $82.99 million, the same
level recommended in the House-passed bill. The GPO request, the Senate-
reported bill, and the FY2024 act contain $83.0 million (+0.01%).
2. Public information programs of the Superintendent of Documents (salaries and
expenses)—The FY2023 act provided $35.3 million, the same level included in
the House-passed bill. The Senate-reported bill would have provided $36.5
million (+3.5%). GPO had requested, and the FY2024 act provides, $37.4 million
(+6.0%).
3. GPO Business Operations Revolving Fund35—The FY2023 act provided $11.6
million, the same level included in the House-passed bill, and approximately
equivalent to the level included in the FY2024 act (+0.1%). GPO had requested,
and the Senate-reported bill would have provided, approximately $12.1 million
(+4.2%).
Government Accountability Office (GAO)
GAO responds to requests for studies of federal government programs and expenditures. GAO
may also initiate its own work.36
GAO’s FY2023 enacted level was $790.3 million, not including $7.5 million in supplemental
appropriations provided in P.L. 117-328 (Division M, Title VI).
In comparison, levels considered for FY2024 include the following:
• Requested: $859.7 million (+8.8%)
• House-passed bill: $806.0 million (+2.0%)
• Senate-reported bill: $813.97 million (+3.0%)
• FY2024 enacted: $811.9 million (+2.7%)
These levels do not include offsetting collections ($55.87 million in the FY2023 act; $73.98
million in the FY2024 request, the House-passed bill, and the FY2024 act; and $71.9 million in
the Senate-reported bill).37

34 Formerly known as the Government Printing Office. For additional information on GPO, see CRS Report R45014,
Government Printing, Publications, and Digital Information Management: Issues and Challenges.
35 The revolving fund supports GPO’s operation and maintenance.
36 GAO’s guidelines for initiating studies are contained in U.S. Government Accountability Office, GAO’s
Congressional Protocols, GAO-17-767G (Washington: GAO, 2017), at https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-17-767g.
37 Offsetting collections include funds derived from reimbursable audits and rental of space in the GAO building.
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Administrative Provision
GAO requested an administrative provision to change the rate of pay for the Comptroller
General.38 This provision was not included in the House-passed or Senate-reported bills or the
FY2024 act.
Congressional Office for International Leadership (COIL; Formerly Open
World Leadership Center)
The FY2021, FY2022, and FY2023 enacted level of $6.0 million was included in the FY2024
House-passed bill, the Senate-reported bill, and the FY2024 act. COIL had initially requested this
level, but the budget amendment of May 9, 2023, changed this to a $7.2 million request.39
The office administers a program that supports democratic changes in other countries by inviting
their leaders to observe democracy and free enterprise in the United States.
Congress first authorized the program in 1999 to support the relationship between Russia and the
United States. Established at the LOC as the Center for Russian Leadership Development in
2000, the program encouraged young federal and local Russian leaders to visit the United States
and observe its government and society. The center was renamed the Open World Leadership
Center in 2003, when the program was expanded to include specified additional countries.40 In
2004, Congress further extended the program’s eligibility to other countries designated by the
center’s board of trustees, subject to congressional consideration.41 More recent appropriations
documents have included language regarding countries or regions of focus and proposed
expansion, including efforts in Ukraine. The FY2022 Consolidated Appropriations Act changed
the name from the Open World Leadership Center to the Congressional Office for International
Leadership.
The office is housed in the LOC and receives services from the LOC through an interagency
agreement.
A provision included since FY2016 states the following:

38 Pursuant to 31 U.S.C. §703(f)(1), the annual rate of pay for the “Comptroller General is equal to the rate for level II
of the Executive Schedule.” The requested provision would link the pay to level I of the Executive Schedule, while also
stating that “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, upon the effective date of this act, the payable rate of pay of
the Comptroller General of the United States shall be the rate payable for Executive Schedule level I in effect on
December 31, 2022, except that if at any time during fiscal year 2024 the payable rate for Executive Schedule level I is
greater than the rate payable for Executive Schedule level I in effect on December 31, 2022, the payable rate of pay of
the Comptroller General shall be that greater rate.” For information on 2024 pay rates, including the modified pay
freeze for certain appointees who are paid at rates equal to the Executive Schedule, see Kiran A. Ahuja, Director,
Memorandum for Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies: Continued Pay Freeze for Certain Senior Political
Officials, U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM), December 21, 2023, and Kiran A. Ahuja, Director,
Memorandum for Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies: Continued Pay Freeze for Certain Senior Political
Officials, OPM, February 9, 2024, https://chcoc.gov/content/continued-pay-freeze-certain-senior-political-officials-8
and https://www.chcoc.gov/content/continued-pay-freeze-certain-senior-political-officials-9.
39 See President Joseph R. Biden, “Letter to the Speaker of the House of Representatives on Fiscal Year 2024 Budget
Amendments,” May 9, 2023, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/
FY_2024_Budget_Amendment_Corrections_5-9-23.pdf.
40 P.L. 106-554, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-120, December 21, 2000; P.L. 108-7, 117 Stat. 382, February 20, 2003.
According to the 2003 act, the additional countries include “any country specified in §3 of the FREEDOM Support Act
(22 U.S.C. 5801),” and “Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.” The countries specified in 22 U.S.C. 5801 are Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and
Uzbekistan.
41 P.L. 108-447, 118 Stat. 3192, December 8, 2004.
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That funds made available to support Russian participants shall only be used for those
engaging in free market development, humanitarian activities, and civic engagement, and
shall not be used for officials of the central government of Russia.
Prior to the name change in 2022, the location and future of the office; attempts to assess its
effectiveness, countries of focus, and funding levels; and its inclusion in the legislative branch
budget were discussed at appropriations hearings and in report language for many years.
Administrative Provision
COIL requested an administrative provision to amend 2 U.S.C. §1151 to insert language allowing
the Board of Trustees to “establish such policies as may be necessary to ensure that awards,
incentives, and leave accrual for the Executive Director is at least equal to those provided to
executive branch employees appointed pursuant to subchapter II of chapter 31 of title 5, United
States Code.” This provision was not included in the House-passed or Senate-reported bills or the
FY2024 act.
John C. Stennis Center for Public Service Training and Development
The center was created by Congress in 1988 to encourage public service by congressional staff
through training and development programs.42 The $430,000 included in the FY2023 act, the
FY2024 request, the House-passed bill, the Senate-reported bill, and the FY2024 act is
approximately the same level provided annually since FY2006.
General Provisions
As in past years, Congress considered a number of general provisions related to the legislative
branch. These provisions and their status are listed in Table 4.
Table 4. General Provisions
(and stage of inclusion or status)
FY2024
FY2024
FY2023
FY2024
House
Senate
FY2024
Provision to
Enacted
Requested
Passed
Reported
Enacted
prohibit appropriated funds for the
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
maintenance and care of private vehicles
limit funds to the fiscal year unless
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
otherwise expressly provided
make any changes in rates of
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
compensation and designation permanent
make consulting services contracts a
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
matter of public record
authorize the costs of Legislative Branch
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Financial Managers Council
limit transfers to those authorized by law
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
prohibit restrictions on guided staff tours
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
of the Capitol with limited exceptions

42 2 U.S.C. §1105. See also http://www.stennis.gov/.
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FY2024
FY2024
FY2023
FY2024
House
Senate
FY2024
Provision to
Enacted
Requested
Passed
Reported
Enacted
prohibit a cost-of-living adjustment for
Yesa
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Members of Congressa
(Section 6 of
(prior to
(Section
(Section 7
P.L. 117-328)
House Floor
211)a
of P.L. 118-
consideration,
47)a
added per
manager’s
amendment,
pursuant to
H.Res. 756)a
reduce plastic waste
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
restrict procurement of
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
telecommunications equipment that may
present a cybersecurity risk
require computer networks to block the
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
viewing, downloading, and exchanging of
pornography
amend legislative branch executive pay
No
Yes
No
No
No
(payable rate for legislative branch
officers and employees)
provide funding for Capitol Complex
Yes
No
No
No
No
health and safety ($5.0 mil ion)
limit consideration of certain treatment
No
No
Yes
No
No
as fiduciary relationship (medical and
dental services)
prohibit the use of funds for any office,
No
No
Yes
No
No
program, or activity for the purposes of
diversity, equity, and inclusion training
prohibit certain discriminatory actions
No
No
Yes
No
No
establish a spending reduction account
No
No
Yes
No
No
amend the Congressional Accountability
No
No
No
Yes
No
Act to extend pump act protections to
congressional staff
Sources: P.L. 117-328, the Budget for Fiscal Year 2024, H.R. 4364, H.Rept. 118-120, S. 2302, S.Rept. 118-60, P.L.
118-47, and CRS analysis.
Note:
a. The legislative branch bil does not contain language funding or increasing Member pay, and a provision
prohibiting the automatic Member pay adjustments could be included in any bil , or be introduced as a
separate bil . For additional information, see CRS Report 97-1011, Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent
Actions and Historical Tables, by Ida A. Brudnick. Pay for Members of Congress was last adjusted in January
2009. For additional information on the incorporation of the House manager’s amendment, which includes a
provision prohibiting a Member pay adjustment, to the House-reported bill, see the section on “Special Rule
for Consideration of H.R. 4364 (H.Res. 756).” The House and Senate versions of the legislative branch
appropriations bil were not enacted prior to January, when pay adjustments historically have become
effective. The continuing resolution (CR) enacted on September 30, 2023 (P.L. 118-15), however, extended
Section 6 of P.L. 117-328, prohibiting a pay adjustment for Members of Congress, for the duration of the
CR. This was continued in P.L. 118-22, P.L. 118-35, and P.L. 118-40.
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Introduction to Summary Tables and Appendix
Table 5 through Table 9 provide information on funding levels for the legislative branch overall,
the Senate, the House of Representatives, the USCP, and the AOC.
The tables are followed by an Appendix, which lists House, Senate, and conference bills and
reports; public law numbers; and enactment dates since FY1998.
Table 5. Legislative Branch Appropriations: Funding Levels by Agency or Entity
(in thousands of dollars)
FY2024
FY2024
FY2023
FY2024
House
Senate
FY2024
Entity
Enacted
Requesteda
Passed
Reported
Enacted
Senate
$1,150,349
$1,257,494
—b
$1,238,495
$1,254,543
House of
1,847,745c
1,902,831
1,850,998
—b
1,850,998
Representatives
Joint Items
23,114
30,148
23,378
29,849
28,042
Capitol Police
734,576
840,942
780,916
792,473
791,473
Office of
8,000
8,550
8,000
8,300
8,150
Congressional
Workplace Rights
Congressional Budget
63,237
70,775
64,637
70,125
70,000
Office
Architect of the
1,315,002
1,128,086
787,103
797,699
947,313
Capitol
Library of Congress,
828,548
895,204
843,747
855,848
852,158
Including CRS
CRS (non-add)
133,600
146,574
135,797
136,080
136,080
Government
129,854
132,488
129,854
131,566
131,999
Publishing Office
Government
790,319
859,653
806,004
813,968
811,894
Accountability Office
Congressional Office
6,000
7,200
6,000
6,000
6,000
for International
Leadership (formerly
Open World
Leadership Center)
Stennis Center for
430
430
430
430
430
Public Service
Adjustments to
-3,000
—
—
-4,000
-4,000
Compensation (CBO
estimate)
Other General
5,000
—
—
—
—
Provisions/Capitol
Complex Health and
Safety
Other/Scorekeeping
174c
—
—
—
174d
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FY2024
FY2024
FY2023
FY2024
House
Senate
FY2024
Entity
Enacted
Requesteda
Passed
Reported
Enacted
Spending Reduction
—
—
-11,000
—
—
Acct.
Legislative Branch,
$6,899,348c
$7,133,801
$5,301,067b
$4,740,753b
$6,749,174d
Total
Emergency
7,500
—
—
—
—
Rescissions
—
—
—
—
—
Sources: P.L. 117-328, the Budget for Fiscal Year 2024, H.R. 4364, H.Rept. 118-120, S. 2302, S.Rept. 118-60, P.L.
118-47, and CRS analysis.
Notes: Numbers may not sum due to rounding.
a. As stated above, the President submitted a budget amendment on May 9, 2023, which would decrease the
total legislative branch request by $17 mil ion. The budget amendments would address the Senate (largely
decreases and language requests), joint items (a decrease of $215,000 in the request for the Joint Economic
Committee), and the Congressional Office for International Leadership (an increase of $1.2 mil ion in the
request). See President Joseph R. Biden, “Letter to the Speaker of the House of Representatives on Fiscal
Year 2024 Budget Amendments,” May 9, 2023, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/
FY_2024_Budget_Amendment_Corrections_5-9-23.pdf. Total does not include gratuity payments for
survivors of deceased Members of Congress.
b. By tradition, the House generally does not consider appropriations for Senate operations or Senate office
buildings, and the Senate generally does not consider appropriations for House operations or House office
buildings.
c. Gratuity payments to heirs of deceased Members of the House were provided in P.L. 117-103, P.L. 117-128,
P.L. 117-180, and P.L. 117-229. The total does not include $7.5 mil ion in supplemental appropriations
provided for GAO in P.L. 117-328.
d. Total includes one gratuity payment to the heir of a deceased Senator as provided in P.L. 118-22.
Table 6. Senate Appropriations
(in thousands of dollars)
FY2024
FY2024
FY2023
FY2024
House
Senate
FY2024
Accounts
Enacted
Requesteda
Passedb
Reported
Enacted
Expense Allowances and
$225
$225
—
$225
$225
Representation
Salaries, Officers, and
258,677
283,978
—
277,470
277,838
Employees
Office of Legislative Counsel
8,150
8,983
—
8,460
8,650
Office of Legal Counsel
1,350
1,415
—
1,365
1,365
Expense Allowances for
30
30
—
30
30
Secretary of Senate et al.
Contingent Expenses (subtotal)
881,917
962,863
—
950,945
966,435
Inquiries and Investigations
145,615
174,000
—
176,600
174,000
Senate Intl. Narcotics
552
582
—
582
582
Caucus
Secretary of the Senatec
17,515
17,381
—
17,494
17,494
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FY2024
FY2024
FY2023
FY2024
House
Senate
FY2024
Accounts
Enacted
Requesteda
Passedb
Reported
Enacted
Financial Management
—
—
—
—
—
Information System
Modernization
Sergeant at
171,844
194,084
—
194,942
194,942
Arms/Doorkeeperd
Sergeant at Arms Business
—
—
—
—
—
Continuity and Disaster
Recovery Fund
Sergeant at Arms
6,277
—
—
—
—
Fellowships Fund
Miscellaneous Items
27,814
26,516
—
26,517
26,517
Senators’ Official
512,000
550,000
—
534,510
552,600
Personnel and Office
Expense Account
Official Mail Costs
300
300
—
300
300
Rescission
—
—
—
—
—
Total
$1,150,349
$1,257,494
—
$1,238,495e
$1,254,543
Sources: P.L. 117-328, the Budget for Fiscal Year 2024, S. 2302, S.Rept. 118-60, P.L. 118-47, and CRS analysis.
Notes: Numbers may not sum due to rounding.
a. As stated above, the President submitted a budget amendment on May 9, 2023. The amendments impacted
the funding request for the fol owing Senate accounts: Salaries, Officers and Employees (+$368,000);
Sergeant at Arms Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Fund (language only); Secretary of the Senate
(language only); Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate (-$6,870,000); and Senators’ Official
Personnel and Office Expense Account (-$11,169,000). The budget requests in the table reflect the revised
requested levels.
b. By tradition, the House does not consider appropriations for Senate operations.
c. Office operations of the Office of the Secretary of the Senate are also funded under “Salaries, Officers, and
Employees.”
d. Office operations of the Office of Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper are also funded under “Salaries,
Officers, and Employees.”
e. P.L. 118-22 provided one gratuity payment to the heir of a deceased Senator.
Table 7. House of Representatives Appropriations
(in thousands of dollars)
FY2024
FY2024
FY2023
FY2024
House
Senate
FY2024
Accounts
Enacted
Requested
Passed
Reporteda
Enacted
Payment to Widows and
$174b
$0
$0
—
$0
Heirs of Deceased Members
of Congressb
House Leadership Offices
36,560
36,560
36,560
—
36,560
Members’ Representational
810,000
810,000
810,000
—
810,000
Allowance
Intern Allowance—House
20,639
20,639
20,639
—
20,639
Member Offices
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FY2024
FY2024
FY2023
FY2024
House
Senate
FY2024
Accounts
Enacted
Requested
Passed
Reporteda
Enacted
Intern Allowance—House
586
586
586
—
586
Leadership Offices
Intern Allowance—Standing
2,600
2,600
2,600
—
2,600
Committees, Special and
Select
Intern Allowance—House
463
463
463
—
463
Appropriations Committee
Committee Employees
211,881
215,531
211,881
—
211,881
(subtotal)
Standing Committees,
180,587
184,237
180,587
—
180,587
Special and Select, except
Appropriations
Appropriations
31,294
31,294
31,294
—
31,294
Committee
Salaries, Officers, and
324,057
340,787
324,879
—
324,879
Employees (subtotal)
Office of the Clerk
40,827
44,747
41,455
—
41,455
Office of the Sergeant at
38,793
33,628
38,793
—
38,793
Arms
Office of Chief
211,572
227,853
213,072
—
213,072
Administrative Officer
Office of Diversity and
3,500
3,000
—
—
—
Inclusion
Office of the
1,250
1,250
1,250
—
1,250
Whistleblower
Ombudsmen
Office of Inspector
5,138
5,512
5,512
—
5,512
General
Office of General
1,912
1,987
1,987
—
1,987
Counsel
Office of the
2,184
2,240
2,240
—
2,240
Parliamentarian
Office of the Law
3,746
3,900
3,900
—
3,900
Revision Counsel
Office of the Legislative
13,457
14,671
14,671
—
14,671
Counsel
Office of
934
934
934
—
934
Interparliamentary Affairs
Other Authorized
744
1,065
1,065
—
1,065
Employees
Allowances and Expenses
430,785
465,665
433,390
—
433,390
(subtotal)
Supplies, Materials,
1,555
1,555
1,555
—
1,555
Administrative Costs and
Federal Tort Claims
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FY2024
FY2024
FY2023
FY2024
House
Senate
FY2024
Accounts
Enacted
Requested
Passed
Reporteda
Enacted
Official Mail for
190
190
190
—
190
committees, leadership,
administrative and
legislative offices
Government
387,368
417,042
392,368
—
392,368
Contributions
Business Continuity and
22,841
27,264
27,264
—
27,264
Disaster Recovery
Emergency
Appropriations
Transition Activities
5,895
13,484
5,895
—
5,895
Green and Gold
9,674
3,356
3,356
—
3,356
Congressional Aide
Program (formerly
Wounded Warrior
Program)
Office of Congressional
1,762
1,774
1,762
—
1,762
Ethics
Miscellaneous Items
1,500
1,000
1,000
—
1,000
House Modernization
10,000
10,000
10,000
—
10,000
Initiatives Account
Administrative
—
—
—
—
—
Provisions/Rescissions/Other
Total
$1,847,745b
$1,902,831 $1,850,998
— $1,850,998
Sources: P.L. 117-328, the Budget for Fiscal Year 2024, H.R. 4364, H.Rept. 118-120, S.Rept. 118-60, P.L. 118-47,
and CRS analysis.
Notes: Numbers may not sum due to rounding.
a. By tradition, the Senate generally does not consider appropriations for House operations.
b. Gratuity payments to heirs of deceased Members of the House were provided in P.L. 117-103, P.L. 117-128,
P.L. 117-180, and P.L. 117-229.
Table 8. Capitol Police Appropriations
(in thousands of dollars)
FY2024
FY2024
FY2023
FY2024
House
Senate
FY2024
Accounts
Enacted
Requested
Passed
Reported
Enacted
Salaries, Capitol Police
$541,730
$612,270
$588,070
$588,627
$588,627
General Expenses
192,846
228,672
192,846
203,846
202,846
Total
$734,576
$840,942
$780,916
$792,473
$791,473
Sources: P.L. 117-328, the Budget for Fiscal Year 2024, H.R. 4364, H.Rept. 118-120, S. 2302, S.Rept. 118-60, P.L.
118-47, and CRS analysis.
Note: Numbers may not sum due to rounding.
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Table 9. Architect of the Capitol Appropriations
(in thousands of dollars)
FY2024
FY2024
FY2023
FY2024
House
Senate
FY2024
Accounts
Enacted
Requested
Passed
Reported
Enacted
Capital Construction and
$145,843
$175,765
$149,073
$161,833 $152,507
Operations
Capitol Building
80,589
119,267
74,304a
108,174
95,688
Capitol Grounds
16,365
17,556
16,365
16,600
16,600
Senate Office Buildings
184,596
170,581
—b
147,501
138,751
House of Representatives

House Office Buildingsc
122,279
195,277
168,439
—b
166,426
House Historic Buildings
0
0
0
—b
0
Revitalization Fund
Capitol Power Plantd
166,951
158,024
131,751
149,650
148,650
Library Buildings and Grounds
144,220
120,766
117,120
78,578
94,978
Capitol Police Buildings and
402,907
119,828
81,172
86,757
85,207
Grounds and Security
Botanic Garden
23,560
21,187
21,187
20,606
20,506
Capitol Visitor Center
27,692
29,835
27,692
28,000
28,000
Architect of the Capitol,
$1,315,002 $1,128,086
$787,103ab
$797,699b $947,313
Totalcd
Sources: P.L. 117-328, the Budget for Fiscal Year 2024, H.R. 4364, H.Rept. 118-120, S. 2302, S.Rept. 118-60, and
P.L. 118-47.
Notes: Numbers may not sum due to rounding.
a. Total includes an amendment adopted during the House Appropriations Committee markup to reduce
funding for presidential inaugural stands (rol call #4, 33-24).
b. The House generally does not consider appropriations for Senate office buildings, and the Senate generally
does not consider appropriations for House office buildings.
c. Not including “House Office Buildings” offsetting col ections of $4.0 mil ion in the FY2023 enacted bil . The
FY2024 request, the FY2024 House-passed bil , and the FY2024 act did not include offsetting col ections.
d. Not including “Capitol Power Plant” offsetting col ections of $10.0 mil ion in the FY2023 enacted bil , the
FY2024 request, the FY2024 House-passed bil , the FY2024 Senate-reported bil , and the FY2024 act.
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Legislative Branch: FY2024 Appropriations

Appendix. Fiscal Year Information and Resources
Table A-1. Overview of Legislative Branch Appropriations: FY1998-FY2023
(House, Senate, Conference, and CRS Reports and Related Legislative Vehicles)
Enactment
Date
Fiscal
and Public
Enactment
CRS
Year
House
Senate
Conference
Law
Vehicle Title
Report
2023
H.Rept.
Senate
Explanatory
12/29/2022
Consolidated
CRS Report
117-389
Appropriations materials
(P.L. 117-
Appropriations
R47296, Legislative
(H.R. 8237) Committee
inserted into
328)
Act, 2023
Branch: FY2023
chairman’s
the
Appropriations
draft
Congressional
explanatory
Record
statement;
(H.R. 2617)
S. 4720
2022
H.Rept.
Senate
Explanatory
3/15/2022
Consolidated
CRS Report
117-80
Appropriations materials
(P.L. 117-
Appropriations
R46936, Legislative
(H.R. 4346) Committee
inserted into
103)
Act, 2022
Branch: FY2022
chairman’s
the
Appropriations
draft bil ;
Congressional
Senate
Record
Appropriations (H.R. 2471)
Committee
chairman’s
draft
explanatory
statement
2021
H.Rept.
Senate
Explanatory
12/27/2020
Consolidated
CRS Report
116-447
Appropriations materials
(P.L. 116-
Appropriations
R46469, Legislative
(H.R. 7611) Committee
inserted into
260)
Act, 2021
Branch: FY2021
majority draft
the
Appropriations
bil ; Senate
Congressional
Appropriations Record
Committee
(H.R. 133)
majority draft
explanatory
statement
2020
H.Rept.
S.Rept. 116-
Explanatory
12/20/2019
Further
CRS Report
116-64
124 (S. 2581)
materials
(P.L. 116-
Consolidated
R45755, Legislative
(H.R. 2779)
inserted into
94)
Appropriations
Branch: FY2020
the
Act, 2020
Appropriations
Congressional
Record
(H.R. 1865)
2019
H.Rept.
S.Rept. 115-
H.Rept. 115-
9/21/18
Energy and
CRS Report
115-696
274 (S. 3071)
929
(P.L. 115-
Water, Legislative R45214, Legislative
(H.R. 5894)
244)
Branch, and
Branch: FY2019
Military
Appropriations
Construction and
Veterans Affairs
Appropriations
Act, 2019
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Legislative Branch: FY2024 Appropriations

Enactment
Date
Fiscal
and Public
Enactment
CRS
Year
House
Senate
Conference
Law
Vehicle Title
Report
2018
H.Rept.
S.Rept. 115-
Explanatory
3/23/2018
Consolidated
CRS Report
115-199
137
materials
(P.L. 115-
Appropriations
R44899, Legislative
(H.R. 3162) (S. 1648)
inserted into
141)
Act, 2018
Branch: FY2018
the
Appropriations
Congressional
Record
(H.R. 1625)
2017
H.Rept.
S.Rept. 114-
Explanatory
5/5/2017
Consolidated
CRS Report
114-594
258
materials
(P.L. 115-
Appropriations
R44515, Legislative
(H.R. 5325) (S. 2955)
inserted into
31)
Act, 2017
Branch: FY2017
(H.Res.
the
Appropriations
771)
Congressional
Record
(H.R. 244)
2016
H.Rept.
S.Rept. 114-64
Explanatory
12/18/2015
Consolidated
CRS Report
114-110
(H.R. 2250)
materials
(P.L. 114-
Appropriations
R44029, Legislative
(H.R. 2250)
inserted into
113)
Act, 2016
Branch: FY2016
(H.Res.
the
Appropriations
271)
Congressional
Record
2015
H.Rept.
S.Rept. 113-
Explanatory
12/16/2014
Consolidated and
CRS Report
113-417
196
materials
(P.L. 113-
Further
R43557, Legislative
(H.R. 4487) (H.R. 4487)
inserted into
235)
Continuing
Branch: FY2015
(H.Res.
the
Appropriations
Appropriations
557)
Congressional
Act, 2015
Record
(H.R. 83)
2014
H.Rept.
S.Rept. 113-70
Explanatory
1/17/2014
Consolidated
CRS Report
113-173
(S. 1283)
materials
(P.L. 113-
Appropriations
R43151, Legislative
(H.R. 2792)
inserted into
76)
Act, 2014
Branch: FY2014
the
Appropriations
Congressional
Record
(H.R. 3547)
2013
H.Rept.
S.Rept. 112-
___
3/26/2013
Consolidated and
CRS Report
112-511
197 (H.R.
(P.L. 113-6)
Further
R42500, Legislative
(H.R. 5882) 5882)
Continuing
Branch: FY2013
(H.Res.
Appropriations
Appropriations
679)
Act, 2013
2012
H.Rept.
S.Rept. 112-80
H.Rept. 112-
12/23/2011
Consolidated
CRS Report
112-148
(H.R. 2551)
331
(P.L. 112-
Appropriations
R41870, Legislative
(H.R. 2551)
(H.R. 2055)
74)
Act, 2012
Branch: FY2012
Appropriations
2011
___
S.Rept. 111-
___
4/15/2011
Department of
CRS Report
294
(P.L. 112-
Defense and Ful -
R41214, Legislative
(S. 3799)
10)
Year Continuing
Branch: FY2011
Appropriations
Appropriations
Act, 2011
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34

Legislative Branch: FY2024 Appropriations

Enactment
Date
Fiscal
and Public
Enactment
CRS
Year
House
Senate
Conference
Law
Vehicle Title
Report
2010
H.Rept.
S.Rept. 111-29 H.Rept. 111-
10/1/2009
Legislative Branch
CRS Report
111-160
(S. 1294)
265
(P.L. 111-
Appropriations
R40617, Legislative
(H.R. 2918)
(H.R. 2918)
688)
Act, 2010
Branch: FY2010
Appropriations
2009
___
___
Explanatory
3/11/2009
Omnibus
CRS Report
materials
(P.L. 111-8)
Appropriations
RL34490, Legislative
inserted into
Act, 2009
Branch: FY2009
the
Appropriations
Congressional
Record and
issued in a
committee
print
(H.R. 1105)
2008
H.Rept.
S.Rept. 110-89 Explanatory
12/26/2007
Consolidated
CRS Report
110-198
(S. 1686)
materials
(P.L. 110-
Appropriations
RL34031, Legislative
(H.R. 2771)
inserted into
161)
Act, 2008
Branch: FY2008
the
Appropriations
Congressional
Record
(H.R. 2764)
2007
H.Rept.
S.Rept. 109-
___
2/15/2007
Revised
CRS Report
109-485
267
(P.L. 110-5)
Continuing
RL33379, Legislative
(H.R. 5521) (H.R. 5521)
Appropriations
Branch: FY2007
Resolution, 2007
Appropriations
2006
H.Rept.
S.Rept. 109-89
H.Rept. 109-
8/02/2005
FY2006
CRS Report
109-139
(H.R. 2985)
189
(P.L. 109-
Legislative Branch
RL32819, Legislative
(H.R. 2985)
(H.R. 2985)
55)
Appropriations
Branch: FY2006
Act
Appropriations
2005
H.Rept.
S.Rept. 108-
H.Rept. 108-
12/8/2004
Consolidated
CRS Report
108-577
307
792
(P.L. 108-
Appropriations
RL32312,
(H.R. 4755) (S. 2666)
(H.R. 4818)
447)
Act, 2005
Appropriations for
FY2005: Legislative
Branch
2004
H.Rept.
S.Rept. 108-88 H.Rept. 108-
9/30/2003
Legislative Branch
CRS Report
108-186
(S. 1383)
279
(P.L. 108-
Appropriations
RL31812,
(H.R. 2657)
(H.R. 2657)
83)
Act, 2004
Appropriations for
FY2004: Legislative
Branch
2003
H.Rept.
S.Rept. 107-
___
2/20/2003
Consolidated
CRS Report
107-576
209
(P.L. 108-7)
Appropriations
RL31312,
(H.R. 5121) (S. 2720)
Resolution, 2003
Appropriations for
FY2003: Legislative
Branch
2002
H.Rept.
S.Rept. 107-37 H.Rept. 107-
11/12/2001
Legislative Branch
CRS Report
107-169
(S. 1172)
259
(P.L. 107-
Appropriations
RL31012,
(H.R. 2647)
(H.R. 2647)
68)
Act, 2002
Appropriations for
FY2002: Legislative
Branch
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Legislative Branch: FY2024 Appropriations

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shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and
under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other
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