This report compiles congressional votes on legislation, including amendments and resolutions, related to the Israel-Hamas conflict that began on October 7, 2023. CRS compiled the information presented in this report from the Congress.gov, ProQuest Congressional, and CQ (Congressional Quarterly) databases.
This report compiles congressional floor votes on legislation, including amendments and resolutions, related to the Israel-Hamas conflict that began on October 7, 2023. To identify relevant votes, CRS searched Congress.gov, ProQuest Congressional, and Congressional Quarterly databases for legislation that (1) referenced Israel or Hamas or "Board of Peace"1 in the bill or amendment text; (2) received roll call votes or voice votes or was subject to unanimous consent agreements; and (3) was either introduced in Congress following the October 7, 2023, attack on Israel by Hamas or amended in response to that attack. As of February 2026, the conflict is subject to a ceasefire between the parties and efforts to implement a U.S. 20-point plan to affect a governance and security transition in Gaza.
The following tables include legislation that either references the Hamas attack on Israel or subsequent Israeli responses in the Gaza Strip, introduces sanctions or other actions against Hamas following the October 2023 attack, or provides assistance or support to Israel in response to the October 2023 attack. Legislation that generally references Israel or Hamas, but is unrelated to the conflict, was excluded.
In particular, the report focuses on floor votes related to the initial passage of bills and resolutions, as well as votes related to resolving differences with the other chamber. It also includes votes on amendments introduced in response to Hamas's actions against Israel. Procedural votes (e.g., a vote to recommit the bill to a committee or cloture votes) are not included in the report. In some cases, procedural votes are referenced as background information in the table footnotes. Other table footnotes denote when a bill or amendment that did not become law was incorporated into other bills that also received votes or became law. This report does not provide information on votes that were taken in House or Senate committees.
This report includes three tables:
This report is current through April 27, 2026.
Table 1. Defense Authorizations and Funding-Related Bill Votes Related to the Israel-Hamas Conflict
October 7, 2023, Through April 27, 2026
|
Bill or Amendment Number |
Title and Description |
Public Law Number |
House Votes |
Senate Votes |
|
Hamas and Other Palestinian Terrorist Groups International Financing Prevention Acta Imposes sanctions with respect to foreign support for Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade, the Lion's Den, and any affiliate or successor groups. |
— |
11/02/2023 Passed (363-46) |
— |
|
|
Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024b Provides FY2024 supplemental appropriations to the Department of Defense (DOD) and the Department of State for activities to respond to the attacks in Israel. The bill designates the funding as emergency spending, which is exempt from discretionary spending limits. |
— |
11/02/2023 Passed (226-196) |
11/14/2023 Motion to table the motion to proceed agreed to (51-48) |
|
|
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Authorizes FY2024 appropriations and policies for DOD programs and activities. See Title XII, Subtitle D, Matters Relating to Israel.d |
12/14/2023 Conference Report Agreed to (310-118) |
11/15/2023 Motion by Senator Wicker (for Senator Rubio) to instruct Senate conferees (Hamas visas)e rejected in Senate (voice vote) |
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|
11/15/2023 Motion by Senator Wicker (for Senator Lankford) to instruct Senate conferees (Israel)f agreed to in Senate (voice vote) |
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|
12/13/2023 Conference Report Agreed to (87-13) |
||||
|
Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Provides FY2024 supplemental appropriations to DOD and the Department of State for activities to respond to the attacks in Israel. Designates the funding as emergency spending, which is exempt from discretionary spending limits. |
— |
02/06/2024 Failed (250-180) |
— |
|
|
Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 Division A, Title VIII, Section 8072, addresses Israeli missile defense. Division F, Title III, under the Migration and Refugee Assistance heading, such assistance for Israel is included. Division F, Title VII, Section 7004 (f), includes limitations of funding to prevent funds from being used to move the U.S. embassy in Israel. Division F, Title VII, Section 7034 (k), addresses loan guarantees to Israel. Division F, Title VII, Section 7040 (f), prohibits funds from being used for assistance to Hamas or any entity effectively controlled by Hamas or any power-sharing government of which Hamas is a member or results from an agreement with Hamas and over which Hamas exercises undue influence. Division F, Title VII, Section 7041 (d), provides for a disbursement under the heading of Foreign Military Financing Program within 30 days of enactment of this act. Includes provisions regarding advanced weapons systems and other defense articles and services. Division F, Title VII, Section 7073, "Gaza oversight" relates to oversight of assistance to Gaza to prevent the diversion of assistance to Hamas or other terrorist or extremist entities in Gaza. Division G, Title III, Section 301, Funding Limitation for United Nations Relief and Works Agency. |
03/22/2024 Pursuant to the provisions of H.Res. 1102, the House agreed to the Senate amendment with amendment. Agreed to (286-134) |
03/23/2024 House amendment agreed to (74-24) |
||
|
Strengthening Tools to Counter the Use of Human Shields Acti Extends the authority of the President to impose sanctions on foreign persons using human shields through 2030 and requires the President to impose such sanctions on each foreign person determined to be a member of Palestine Islamic Jihad and orders, controls, or otherwise directs the use of human shields. Additionally, directs DOD to report to Congress on the implications of the use of human shields by Hamas, Hezbollah, and Palestine Islamic Jihad. |
— |
4/16/2024 Passed (419-4) |
— |
|
|
Making Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2024, and for Other Purposes Provides, in part, emergency supplemental appropriations for Israel, including additional foreign military financing and joint missile defense funding.j Division A, Title III, Section 308, prohibits funds from being used for payments to the U.N. Relief and Works Agency notwithstanding any other provision of law. Division M, Hamas and other Palestinian Terrorist Groups International Financing Prevention Act, requires the executive branch to impose sanctions on foreign states or persons that provide certain types of support to Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, some other groups, or their affiliates. Note: Global humanitarian assistance, plus various oversight provisions regarding assistance for Gaza and West Bank, could be used for the region. "In April 2024, Congress appropriated more than $9 billion in supplemental global humanitarian assistance in P.L. 118-50. President Biden has said that $1 billion of these funds will be for humanitarian aid for Palestinians in Gaza. Provisions accompanying FY2024 regular and supplemental appropriations for Gaza include certification, reporting, and other oversight mechanisms aimed at preventing aid diversion, misuse, or destruction."k |
04/20/2024 Pursuant to H.Res. 1160, the Senate amendment to H.R. 815 is considered as agreed to with the House amendment described in Section 6l of H.Res. 1160. Roll no. 142 is the roll call vote associated with H.Res. 1160. |
02/13/2024 Passed Senate with an amendment (70-29) |
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|
04/23/2024 Senate agreed to the House amendment to the Senate amendment to H.R. 815 (79-18) |
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|
Substitute amendment, which changed the focus of H.R. 815 to include, among other provisions, emergency supplemental appropriations for Israeli security during Israel's ongoing war with Hamas.m |
— |
02/12/2024 Agreed to (63-33) |
— |
|
|
Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Provides FY2024 supplemental appropriations for federal departments and agencies to respond to the conflict in Israel. Designates the funding as emergency spending, which is exempt from discretionary spending limits. |
— |
04/20/2024 Passed (366-58) |
— |
|
|
21st Century Peace Through Strength Act Establishes law on various foreign policy matters, including imposing property-blocking sanctions on foreign states providing material support to Hamas or Palestinian Islamic Jihad. |
— |
04/20/2024 Passed (360-58) |
— |
|
|
Israel Security Assistance Support Act Specifies that no federal funds may be used to withhold, halt, reverse, or cancel the delivery of defense articles or defense services to Israel. Also, no funds may be used to pay the salary of any DOD or Department of State employee who acts to limit defense deliveries to Israel. Additionally, DOD and the State Department shall ensure prompt delivery of all defense articles and services expected to be delivered to Israel in FY2024 and FY2025. Unobligated funds for operation and maintenance for the Office of the Secretary of Defense, diplomatic programs for the Office of the Secretary of State, and the National Security Council may not be spent until each office certifies to Congress that any withheld defense articles or services are delivered to Israel. DOD and the State Department must obligate any remaining funds for assistance to Israel. DOD and the State Department must periodically report to Congress on defense articles and services provided to Israel. |
— |
05/16/2024 Passed (224-187) |
— |
|
|
Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 Authorizes FY2025 appropriations and policies for DOD programs and activities. See: Title XII, Subtitle A, Section 1214. Help Israel's Recover the Hostages. Title XII, Subtitle A, Section 1215. Statement of Congress relating to Israel and the hostages held by Hamas. Title XII, Subtitle A, Section 1217. Sense of Congress regarding Israel. Title XII, Subtitle A, Section 1218. Study and report on international security measures on the border between Gaza and Egypt. Title XII, Subtitle D, Section 1232. Ensuring Israel's defense. Title XII, Subtitle D, Section 1236. Sense of Congress on the importance of the Iron Dome system. Title XVII, Subtitle A, Section 1705. Prohibition on use of funds from constructing or maintaining pier off the coast of Gaza. Title XVII, Subtitle A, Section 1708. Prohibition on assistance for building in, or rebuilding Gaza. Title XVII, Subtitle C, Section 1760. Rewards for information regarding leaders of Hamas. |
— |
06/14/2024 Passed (217-199) |
— |
|
|
H.Amdt. 960 [en bloc] to H.R. 8070 |
Amendment 2 instructs the Secretary of Defense to provide a briefing to Congress about U.S. efforts to support Israel's efforts to rescue the hostages in Gaza. Revision removes sense of Congress and authorizations and adds findings and a briefing requirement. Amendment 3 declares that Israel is the United States' greatest ally in the Middle East and demands the release of all hostages held by Hamas. Amendment 7 expresses a sense of Congress supporting the mission of DOD in helping Israel fend of attacks from Hamas by supporting the Iron Dome system. Amendment 12 prohibits funds authorized or otherwise made available for DOD in FY2025 from being used to build, maintain, or repair a pier off the coast of Gaza or to transport aid to such a pier. |
06/12/2024 Agreed to (voice vote) |
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|
H.Amdt. 990 [en bloc] to H.R. 8070 |
Amendment 10 expresses a sense of Congress about the importance of the U.S.-Israel relationship and the need to continue offering security assistance and related support. Amendment 122 authorizes a report authored by the Secretary of Defense to study steps Israel, the United States, and Egypt can take to enhance international security measures on the Gaza-Egypt border to ensure that Hamas and other actors cannot use tunnels or methods via the Mediterranean Sea to smuggle weapons and illicit goods. Additionally, the report will outline/map existing tunnel networks. |
06/13/2024 Agreed to (voice vote) |
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|
Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2025 Title III, under the Department of State Migration and Refugee Assistance heading, such assistance for Israel is included. Title VII, Section 7004 (e), includes limitations of funding to prevent funds from being used to move the U.S. embassy in Israel. Title VII, Section 7034 (i), Extension of Authorities (5), includes extensions of loan guarantees to Israel. Title VII, Section 7035, prohibits Section 514(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 from applying to defense articles that are to be set aside, earmarked, reserved, or intended for use as reserve stocks in stockpiles in the state of Israel.n Also prohibits the withholding of delivery of defense articles or services to Israel and requires the obligation of unobligated balances for assistance to Israel by not later than 30 days after enactment of this bill. Title VII, Section 7037, places limitations on assistance to support a Palestinian state regardless of whether governed by a new entity or by the Palestinian Authority. Provides exemptions for assistance to reform the Palestinian Authority and a presidential waiver to these limitations in the presence of a national security interest. Title VII, Section 7040, places limitations on assistance to the Palestinian Authority. Also prohibits any funds from being obligated for assistance to Hamas. Title VII Section 7040 (f), prohibits funds from being used for assistance to Hamas or any entity effectively controlled by Hamas or any power-sharing government of which Hamas is a member or that results from an agreement with Hamas and over which Hamas exercises undue influence. Title VII, Section 7041, provides grants to Israel through the Foreign Military Financing Program. Also limits the amount of grant funding the Palestinian Authority can receive through this same program. Title VIII, Section 7069, "Gaza oversight," relates to oversight of assistance to Gaza to prevent the diversion of assistance to Hamas or other terrorist or extremist entities in Gaza. |
— |
06/28/2024 Passed (212-200) |
— |
|
|
Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2025 Title VIII, Section 8069, allocates appropriated monies to Israel for missile defense programs, such as the Iron Dome, the Short-Range Ballistic Missile Defense program, and others. Title VIII, Section 8112, prohibits any of the funds appropriated in this act to be made available to any member of Hamas, Hezbollah, the Houthis, or the Taliban. Title VIII, Section 8166, prohibits the use of any of the act's appropriated funds for the withholding, halting, reversing, or cancelling of delivery of defense articles or defense services from the United States to Israel. Also requires the obligation of any remaining unobligated monies appropriated to DOD for assistance to Israel within 30 days of the bill's enactment. |
— |
06/28/2024 Passed (217-198) |
— |
|
|
Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act Imposes sanctions with respect to the International Criminal Court (ICC) engaged in any effort to investigate, arrest, detain, or prosecute any protected person of the United States and its allies. This legislation specifically mentions ICC arrest warrants against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Minister of Defense Yoav Gallant.o |
— |
06/04/2024 Passed (247-155, 2 present) |
— |
|
|
To authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2025 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposesq Title XII, Subtitle B, Section 1211, states policy ensuring Israel's defense. Title XII, Subtitle B, Section 1212, modifies U.S.-Israel anti-tunnel cooperation. Title XII, Subtitle B, Section 1213, requires subterranean warfare military exercises. Title XII, Subtitle B, Section 1214, states the strategic partnership on defense industrial priorities between the United States and Israel. Title XII, Subtitle B, Section 1215, establishes a program between the United States and Israel for military trauma education and training. Title XVI, Subtitle B, Section 1615, authorizes continued intelligence advice and DOD support for the government of Israel in the defeat of Hamas. Title XVI, Division D, Section 1644, authorizes the Iron Dome short-range rocket defense system and Israeli cooperative missile defense program co-development and co-production. Title LXIV, Division D, Section 6433, assesses the lessons learned by the intelligence community with respect to the Israel-Hamas war. |
12/11/2024 House agreed to the Senate amendment with an amendment consisting of the text of Rules Committee Print 118-52r Agreed to (281-140) |
12/18/2024 Senate agreed to the House amendment to the Senate amendment to H.R. 5009 (85-14) |
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|
Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act Imposes sanctions with respect to the ICC engaged in any effort to investigate, arrest, detain, or prosecute any protected person of the United States and its allies. This legislation specifically mentions ICC arrest warrants against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Minister of Defense Yoav Gallant.o |
— |
01/09/2025 Passed (243-140, 1 present) |
— |
|
|
Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 Division A, Title XII, Section 11208, addresses loan guarantees to Israel. |
03/11/2025 Passed (217-213) |
03/14/2025 Passed Senate (54-46) |
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|
Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2026 Title VIII, Section 8067, addresses Israeli missile defense. |
— |
07/18/2025 Passed (221-209) |
— |
|
|
Streamlining Procurement for Effective Execution and Delivery and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 Title XII, Subtitle B, Section 1211, extends the dates of the War Reserve Stockpile Authority for Israel through January 1, 2029. Title XII, Subtitle B, Section 1212, modifies and extends U.S.-Israel anti-tunnel cooperation. Title XII, Subtitle B, Section 1215, authorizes a study and report on international security measures on the border between Gaza and Egypt. Title XVII, Subtitle B, Section 1725, requires a briefing on expediting arms transfers to Israel. |
— |
09/10/2025 Passed (231-196) |
— |
|
|
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 Title XI, Subtitle E, Section 1255, modifies and extends U.S.-Israel anti-tunnel cooperation. Title XV, Subtitle C, Section 1534, authorizes the Iron Dome short-range rocket defense system and Israeli cooperative missile defense program co-development and co-production. |
— |
— |
10/09/2025 Passed (77-20) |
|
|
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 Title XII, Subtitle D, Section 1231, modifies and extends U.S.-Israel anti-tunnel cooperation. Title XVI, Subtitle D, Section 1657, authorizes the Iron Dome short-range rocket defense system and Israeli cooperative missile defense program co-development and co-production. |
12/10/2025 Passed (312-112) |
12/17/2025 Passed (77-20) |
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|
Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2026 Title III, under the International Humanitarian Assistance heading, such assistance for Israel is included. Title VII, Section 7004 (e), includes limitations of funding to prevent funds from being used to move the U.S. embassy in Israel. Title VII, Section 7034 (i), Extension of Authorities 4(A), includes extensions of loan guarantees to Israel. Title VII, Section 7037, places limitations on assistance to support a Palestine state regardless of whether governed by a new entity or by the Palestinian Authority. Provides exemptions for assistance to reform the Palestinian Authority and a presidential waiver to these limitations in the presence of a national security interest. Title VII, Section 7040, places limitations on assistance to the Palestinian Authority. Also prohibits any funds from being obligated for assistance to Hamas. Title VII, Section 7041 (c), provides grants to Israel through the Foreign Military Financing Program. Also limits the amount of grant funding the Palestinian Authority can receive through this same program. Title VIII, Section 7041 (h) (3), "Gaza oversight," relates to oversight of assistance to Gaza to prevent the diversion of assistance to Hamas or other terrorist or extremist entities in Gaza. |
— |
01/14/2026 Passed (341-79) |
— |
|
|
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026 Division A, Title VIII, addresses Israeli missile defense. Division F, Title VII, Section 7004 (e), includes limitations of funding to prevent funds from being used to move the U.S. embassy in Israel. Division F, Title VII, Section 7040 (f), prohibits funds from being used for assistance to Hamas or any entity effectively controlled by Hamas or any power-sharing government of which Hamas is a member or that results from an agreement with Hamas and over which Hamas exercises undue influence. Division F, Title VII, Section 7041 (c), provides for a disbursement under the heading of Foreign Military Financing Program within 30 days of enactment of this act. Includes provisions regarding advanced weapons systems and other defense articles and services. Division F, Title VII, Section 7041 (h) (3), "Gaza oversight," relates to oversight of assistance to Gaza to prevent the diversion of assistance to Hamas or other terrorist or extremist entities in Gaza. Division G, Section 101 Funding Limitation for United Nations Relief and Works Agency. |
02/03/2026 House agreed to Senate amendments Passed (217-214) |
0130/2026 Passed 71-29 |
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01/22/2026 Passed (341-88) |
Source: CRS compiled table using data from Congress.gov
Notes: The table is current as of April 27, 2026. Each bill, amendment, or public law number includes a hyperlink to the bill's record in Congress.gov. Each roll call number includes a link to the vote on the website of the Clerk of the House of Representatives or of the Senate.
a. See Division M of Hamas and other Palestinian Terrorist Groups International Financing Prevention Act of P.L. 118-50.
b. Although this bill did not become law, its language was included in Division A of P.L. 118-50, a supplemental appropriations measure that in Division A contained security assistance funding for Israel. See table entry for H.R. 815.
c. The motion to table is nondebatable and, if adopted, disposes of a question permanently and adversely.
d. The National Defense Authorization Act of FY2024, Subtitle D, Matters Relating to Israel, contains revisions to laws that existed prior to the October 7, 2023, attacks.
e. This was a motion to instruct conferees "to insist that the final conference report include the provisions to enforce section 212(a)(3)(B)(i)(VII) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(3)(B)(i)(VII)) to revoke visas and initiate deportation proceedings for any foreign national who has endorsed or espoused the terrorist activities of Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Hezbollah, or any another foreign terrorist organization (as designated under section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189)) that has participated in terrorist attacks against Israel and United States citizens before, on, or after October 7, 2023." See "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024," remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 169 (November 15, 2023), p. S5530.
f. This was a motion to move "that the managers on the part of the Senate at the conference on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses on the Senate amendment to the bill H.R. 2670 be instructed to increase defense cooperation with Israel in order to reaffirm its right to defend itself against state and non-state actors who seek to undermine Israel's sovereignty." See "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024," remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 169 (November 15, 2023), p. S5530.
g. This bill began as the Udall Foundation Reauthorization Act of 2023 before becoming a vehicle for the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024, on March 22, 2024. Votes for this bill before March 22, 2024, related to the Udall Foundation Reauthorization Act of 2023.
h. On March 22, 2024, the House agreed to an amendment to a Senate amendment to H.R. 2882, "substituting the prior bill text with the negotiated text of the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024. It did so by voting on H.Res. 1102." See CRS Insight IN12237, FY2024 Defense Appropriations: Status of Legislative Activity, by Cameron M. Keys and Brendan W. McGarry.
i. See Division O of Strengthening Tools to Counter the use of Human Shields Act of P.L. 118-50.
j. See P.L. 118-50, a supplemental appropriations measure that in Division A contained security assistance funding for Israel.
k. White House, "Remarks by President Biden on the Passage of H.R. 815, the National Security Supplemental," April 24, 2024. See also CRS Report R47828, Israel and Hamas Conflict In Brief: Overview, U.S. Policy, and Options for Congress, by Jim Zanotti and Jeremy M. Sharp.
l. The amendment described in Section 6 is made up of several bills, including H.R. 8034, the Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024, which is also listed in this table. This rule combined the Israel supplemental with other bills to send to the Senate as a package that would be privileged for consideration in the Senate.
m. See P.L. 118-50, a supplemental appropriations measure that in Division A contained security assistance funding for Israel.
n. See 22 U.S.C. 2321h(b) for the referenced Section 514(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.
o. On May 20, 2024, ICC Prosecutor Karim A. A. Khan announced arrest warrant applications against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Minister of Defense Yoav Gallant related to events in the Gaza Strip. On November 21, 2024, the ICC's Pre-Trial Chamber issued warrants for the arrest of Netanyahu and Gallant. See ICC, "Statement of ICC Prosecutor Karim A. A. Khan KC: Applications for Arrest Warrants in the Situation in the State of Palestine," May 20, 2024, https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/statement-icc-prosecutor-karim-aa-khan-kc-applications-arrest-warrants-situation-state.
p. This bill began as the Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver Reauthorization Act, or WILD Act, before becoming a vehicle for the National Defense Authorization Act for FY2025 on December 11, 2024. Votes for this bill before December 11, 2024, related to the WILD Act.
q. The official title for this act is used because the short title is the Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025—the same as H.R. 8070, which is listed above.
r. The text of Rules Committee Print 118-52 contains the Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 text, which includes the provisions related to Israel listed for H.R. 5009. Note that Rules Committee Print 118-52 is dated December 7, 2024, and is not identical to H.R. 8070 (listed above in this table and with the same name as the Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act). H.R. 8070's last listed vote is June 14, 2024.
Table 2. Nonfunding-Related Bill Votes on the Israel-Hamas Conflict
October 7, 2023, Through April 27, 2026
|
Bill or Amendment Number |
Title and Description |
Public Law Number |
House Votes |
Senate Votes |
|
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale to the government of Israel of certain defense articles and services. |
— |
— |
11/20/2024 Motion to discharge rejected (19-78) |
|
|
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale to the government of Israel of certain defense articles and services. |
— |
— |
11/20/2024 Motion to discharge rejected (18-79) |
|
|
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed license amendment for the export of certain defense articles, defense services, and technical data to Israel. |
— |
— |
11/20/2024 Motion to discharge rejected (17-80) |
|
|
Adds findings that condemn Hamas and Iran-backed terrorist groups for using "human shields" and states that only the unconditional surrender of Hamas and other Iran-backed terrorist groups will save innocent civilian lives.a |
— |
11/30/2023 Agreed to (412-11, 1 present) |
— |
|
|
Corrects the number of hostages being held by Hamas from 130 to at least 230. |
— |
11/30/2023 Agreed to (voice vote) |
— |
|
|
Expresses a sense of Congress that all U.S. allies in the Middle East should publicly and unequivocally condemn the antisemitism displayed by Iranian-backed terrorist groups, including Hamas. |
— |
11/30/2023 Agreed to (422-1, 1 present) |
— |
|
|
Expresses a sense of Congress that Qatar should condemn Hamas, turn over Hamas leadership to U.S. and Israeli custody, and pledge to never facilitate the transfer of covered Iranian funds to Iran. |
— |
11/30/2023 Agreed to (voice vote) |
— |
|
|
No Immigration Benefits for Hamas Terrorists Act Imposes immigration-related penalties on certain non-U.S. nationals (aliens under federal law) who are involved with terrorism or attacks against Israel. Under this bill, individuals who are members of Palestinian Islamic Jihad or Hamas or participated in or otherwise facilitated the October 7, 2023, attacks on Israel may not be admitted into the United States. |
— |
01/31/2024 Passed (422-2, 1 present) |
— |
|
|
Requires an annual report to Congress on the number of individuals found to be inadmissible and deportable each year as a result of the underlying bill with the goal that the annual report pertains to not allowing anyone involved with the October 7, 2023, attacks to be allowed in the United States. |
— |
01/31/2024 Agreed to (voice vote) |
— |
|
|
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale to the government of Israel of certain defense articles and services. |
— |
— |
04/03/2025 Motion to discharge rejected (15-82) |
|
|
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale to Israel of certain defense articles and services. |
— |
— |
04/03/2025 Motion to discharge rejected (15-83) |
|
|
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed export of certain defense articles to Israel. |
— |
— |
07/30/2025 Motion to discharge rejected (27-70) |
|
|
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale to the government of Israel of certain defense articles and services. |
— |
— |
07/30/2025 Motion to discharge rejected (24-73) |
|
|
No Immigration Benefits for Hamas Terrorists Act of 2025 Imposes immigration-related penalties on certain non-U.S. nationals (aliens under federal law) who are involved with terrorism or attacks against Israel. Under this bill, individuals who are members of Palestinian Islamic Jihad or Hamas or participated in or otherwise facilitated the October 7, 2023, attacks on Israel may not be admitted into the United States. |
— |
12/01/2025 Agreed to (voice vote) |
— |
|
|
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale to the government of Israel of certain defense articles and services. |
— |
— |
04/15/2026 Motion to discharge rejected (40-59) |
|
|
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale to the government of Israel of certain defense articles and services. |
— |
— |
04/15/2026 Motion to discharge rejected (36-63) |
Source: CRS compiled table using data from Congress.gov.
Notes: The table is current as of April 27, 2026. Each bill, amendment, or public law number includes a hyperlink to the bill's record in Congress.gov. Each roll call number includes a link to the vote on the website of Clerk of the House of Representatives or of the Senate.
a. See Division O of Strengthening Tools to Counter the use of Human Shields Act of P.L. 118-50.
Table 3. Simple Resolution Votes Related to the Israel-Hamas Conflict
October 7, 2023, Through April 27, 2026
|
Resolution or Amendment Number |
Title |
House Votes |
Senate Votes |
|
A resolution standing with Israel against terrorism. |
n/a |
10/19/2023 Agreed to (97-0) |
|
|
Standing with Israel as it defends itself against the barbaric war launched by Hamas and other terrorists. |
10/25/2023 Agreed to (412-10, 6 present) |
n/a |
|
|
Calling on Hamas to immediately release hostages taken during the October 2023 attack on Israel. |
11/28/2023 Agreed to (414-0) |
n/a |
|
|
A resolution condemning Hamas for its premeditated, coordinated, and brutal terrorist attacks on Israel and demanding that Hamas immediately release all hostages and return them to safety, and for other purposes. |
n/a |
11/09/2023 Agreed to (UC) |
|
|
To amend the preamble.a |
n/a |
11/09/2023 Agreed to (UC) |
|
|
In the nature of a substitute.b |
n/a |
11/09/2023 Agreed to (UC) |
|
|
Reaffirming the State of Israel's right to exist.c |
11/28/2023 Agreed to (412-1, 1 present) |
n/a |
|
|
A resolution recognizing the importance of the economic relationship between the United States and Israel and affirming that trade facilitated by the United States-Israel Free Trade Agreement is a tool to support the economy of Israel during the conflict with Hamas. |
n/a |
12/06/2023 Agreed to (UC) |
|
|
A resolution requesting information on Israel's human rights practices pursuant to section 502B(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.d |
n/a |
01/16/2024 Motion to table the motion to discharge agreed to (72-11)e |
|
|
Condemning Rape and Sexual Violence Committed by Hamas in Its War against Israel. |
02/14/2024 Agreed to (418-0, 1 present) |
n/a |
|
|
A resolution affirming that Hamas cannot retain any political or military control in the Gaza Strip. |
n/a |
03/13/2025 Agreed to (UC) |
Source: CRS compiled table using data from Congress.gov
Notes: The table is current as of April 27, 2026. Each bill, amendment, or public law number includes a hyperlink to the bill's record in Congress.gov. Each roll call number includes a link to the vote on the website of Clerk of the House of Representatives or of the Senate. UC = unanimous consent.
a. This amendment revised the preamble of S.Res. 408. See "Condemning Hamas for Its Premeditated, Coordinated, and Brutal Terrorist Attacks on Israel and Demanding That Hamas Immediately Release All Hostages and Return Them to Safety," remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 169 (November 9, 2023), p. S5463.
b. This amendment revised the text of S.Res. 408. See "Condemning Hamas for Its Premeditated, Coordinated, and Brutal Terrorist Attacks on Israel and Demanding That Hamas Immediately Release All Hostages and Return Them to Safety," remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 169 (November 9, 2023), p. S5463.
c. This resolution includes a condemnation of the Hamas-led attack on Israel.
d. The resolution requests a description of the steps the United States has taken to promote human rights as part of Israel's activities, including in Gaza and the West Bank. It also requests certain other items of information, including, for example, an assessment of Israeli compliance with international human rights law and the likelihood that Israel will use U.S. security assistance in the armed conflict in Gaza and the West Bank.
e. The motion to table is nondebatable and, if adopted, disposes of a question permanently and adversely. Because the discharge motion was tabled, the underlying measure remained in the possession of the Committee on Foreign Relations.
| 1. |
The search term "Board of Peace" was added after U.N. Security Council Resolution 2803 announced the Board of Peace, "a new international transitional body … [that] will set the framework and handle the funding for the redevelopment of Gaza until such time as the Palestinian Authority has completed its reform program," on November 17, 2025. The charter of the Board of Peace was ratified on January 22, 2026. For more information about the ceasefire and the Board of Peace, see the White House, "Statement of President Trump's Comprehensive Plan to End the Gaza Conflict," January 16, 2026, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/2026/01/statement-on-president-trumps-comprehensive-plan-to-end-the-gaza-conflict/. |
| 2. |
For more information on joint resolutions of disapproval under the Arms Export Control Act, see CRS Report RL31675, Arms Sales: Congressional Review Process, by Paul K. Kerr. |
| 3. |
For more information on voting methods in the House and the Senate, see CRS Report R43424, Considering Legislation on the House Floor: Common Practices in Brief, by Elizabeth Rybicki; CRS Report 98-228, House Voting Procedures: Forms and Requirements, by Jane A. Hudiburg; and CRS Report 96-452, Voting and Quorum Procedures in the Senate, coordinated by Elizabeth Rybicki. |