FY2024 NDAA: Status of Legislative Activity
INSIGHTi
FY2024 NDAA: Status of Legislative Activity
Updated January 4, 2024
By law (31 U.S.C. §1105(a)), the President is to send the annual federal budget request to Congress by the
first Monday in February. In practice, Presidents sometimes send it later. On March 9, 2023, President
Joseph R. Biden submitted initial documentation supporting the FY2024 budget request, including
proposed funding for the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), nuclear weapons programs of the U.S.
Department of Energy, and other national defense-related activities. The National Defense Authorization
Act (NDAA) typically sets policy and authorizes appropriations for the vast majority of these activities.
This product provides the status of congressional activity on the National Defense Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2024 (FY2024 NDAA; H.R. 2670; S. 2226; P.L. 118-31), which became law on December 22,
2023.
In the House, on June 12, 2023, leaders of the seven subcommittees of the House Armed Services
Committee (HASC) released draft legislative proposals (known as marks) for matters in the FY2024
NDAA under their respective jurisdictions. On the same day, Representative Mike Rogers, Chair of
HASC, released his draft legislative proposal (i.e., Chairman’s mark) for portions of the bill not in the
subcommittee marks. On June 13-14, the HASC subcommittees considered and reported their marks to
the full committee. On June 21, the HASC considered amendments to the subcommittee marks and
Chairman’s mark before voting 58-1 to order the legislation reported to the House with an amendment in
the nature of a substitute, reflecting the product of the committee markup. On June 30, the committee
reported the bill, H.R. 2670, and filed its accompanying report, H.Rept. 118-125. On July 11-12, the
House Rules Committee met to report an initial structured rule, H.Res. 582, for the House to consider
H.R. 2670; on July 13, the committee reported a second structured rule, H.Res. 583. On July 12-14, the
House considered amendments to the legislation. On July 14, the House passed the measure, as amended,
by a vote of 219-210.
In the Senate, on June 20-21, 2023, the seven subcommittees of the Senate Armed Services Committee
(SASC) marked up draft legislative proposals with recommendations for matters in the FY2024 NDAA
under their respective jurisdictions. One of the markups was held in an open session (Subcommittee on
Personnel), and six were held in closed sessions. On June 21-22, the full committee considered the
legislation in closed sessions. On June 23, Senators Jack Reed and Roger Wicker, Chair and Ranking
Member, respectively, of SASC, announced the committee voted 24-1 to order reported an original bill
reflecting the product of the committee markup. On July 11, S. 2226 was reported to the Senate; on July
12, the accompanying report, S.Rept. 118-58, was filed. On July 19, the Senate began considering S.
2226, to which Senator Chuck Schumer, the Senate Majority Leader, then offered (for Senator Reed) a
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complete substitute amendment (S.Amdt. 935) based on the text of S. 2226 and additional provisions.
Amendments to the substitute were considered and adopted. On July 27, the Senate passed the measure,
as amended, by a vote of 86-11. Pursuant to a unanimous consent agreement, immediately after passage
of the bill, the Senate took up H.R. 2670 and agreed to an amendment consisting of the text of the just-
passed S. 2226, and passed H.R. 2670 with that amendment.
Unlike for the FY2022 and FY2023 bills, the House and Senate agreed to convene a conference
committee to reconcile the two versions of the FY2024 NDAA. On December 6, 2023, the conferees filed
a conference report, H.Rept. 118-301, containing the text of the negotiated bill and the accompanying
joint explanatory statement of the committee of conference. On December 12, the Senate voted 85-15 to
invoke cloture on the conference report, and then on December 13, the Senate voted 87-13 to agree to the
conference report. On December 14, the House considered the conference report under its suspension of
the rules procedures and voted 310-118 to agree to the conference report, allowing the measure to be
enrolled for presentation to the President. On December 22, President Biden signed the legislation into
law.
Table 1 shows the status of legislative activity on the FY2024 NDAA.
Table 1. FY2024 NDAA: Status of Legislative Activity
Public
House
Senate
Law
Vote #
Conference
Vote #
Conference
(yeas-
Report,
(yeas-
Report,
Bill #,
nays),
Vote #
Bill #,
nays),
Vote #
P.L. #,
Date
Report #,
Date
(yeas-nays),
Date
Report #,
Date
(yeas-nays),
Date
Reported
Date
Passed
Date Passed
Reported
Date
Passed
Date Passed
Signed
H.R. 2670,
H.Rept.
328 (219-
H.Rept. 118-
n/a (passed
H.Rept. 118-
P.L. 118-
6/30/23
118-125,
210),
301, 723
with an
301, 343 (87-
31,
6/30/23
7/14/23
(310-118),
amendment
13), 12/13/23
12/22/23
12/14/23
by UC),
7/27/23
S. 2226,
S.Rept.
212 (86-11),
7/11/23
118-58,
7/27/23
7/12/23
Source: CRS analysis of selected actions in Congress.gov.
Note: UC is unanimous consent.
Figure 1 shows the number of days between the start of the fiscal year and enactment of the annual
defense authorization act since FY1977, when the federal government transitioned to a fiscal year
beginning October 1, 1976.
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Figure 1. Days between Start of Fiscal Year and Enactment of Annual Defense
Authorization Acts, FY1977-FY2024
(in days)
Sources: CRS analysis of dates of enactment of public law from CRS Report 98-756, Defense Authorization and
Appropriations Bills: FY1961-FY2021, by Barbara Salazar Torreon and Sofia Plagakis; P.L. 117-81; P.L. 117-263; and P.L. 118-
31.
Note: Positive values indicate number of days between start of the fiscal year and enactment of annual defense
authorization acts. Thus, the figure shows that since FY1977 annual defense authorization legislation has been enacted, on
average, 43 days after the beginning of the fiscal year (i.e., early November). Negative values indicate number of days
between enactment of annual defense authorization acts and start of fiscal year. Annual defense authorization legislation
for the fiscal years 1979, 1989, 1996, 2008, 2016, and 2021 was enacted over a presidential veto.
Author Information
Brendan W. McGarry
Valerie Heitshusen
Specialist in U.S. Defense Budget
Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process
Disclaimer
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