Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations

September 23, 2022 – May 9, 2023 R47253

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies:
May 9, 2023
Overview of FY2023 Appropriations
Carol Hardy Vincent
The Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill—often called the Interior
Specialist in Natural
bill—contains funding for about three dozen agencies and entities. Funded entities include most
Resources Policy
of the Department of the Interior (DOI) and agencies within other departments, such as the Forest

Service (Department of Agriculture) and the Indian Health Service (Department of Health and
Human Services). The bill also provides funding for the Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA), arts and cultural agencies, and other organizations and entities. Perennial issues for
Congress include determining the amount, terms, and conditions of funding for agencies and programs.
From the start of FY2023 on October 1, 2022, until December 29, 2022, Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
received appropriations under a continuing resolution, generally at FY2022 funding levels. However, specific provisions for
FY2023 funding were included for Indian Health Service programs, DOI’s Working Capital Fund, and the National Park
Service’s National Heritage Areas program.
P.L. 117-328, Division G, enacted on December 29, 2022, contained a total appropriation of $41.47 billion for the Interior
bill for FY2023. This total included $2.55 billion for certain wildfire suppression activities under an adjustment to the
discretionary spending limit for FY2023.
The $41.47 billion total was broken out unevenly across the three major titles in the Interior bill, as is typically the case. DOI
agencies in Title I received $15.10 billion, or 36.4% of the total. EPA, funded in Title II of the bill, received $10.14 billion,
or 24.4% of the total. For about two dozen agencies and other entities funded in Title III, the FY2023 appropriations law
contained $16.23 billion, or 39.1% of the total. Nearly three-quarters ($30.05 billion, or 72.5%) of total funding in the law
was for five agencies: EPA, Forest Service, Indian Health Service, National Park Service, and Bureau of Indian Affairs.
Similarly, the funding for these five agencies comprised roughly three-quarters of the total funds included in the FY2023
President’s request, House-passed bill, and Senate-introduced bill as well as the FY2022 enacted appropriations law.
The FY2023 appropriations law provided advance appropriations (for FY2024) for the Indian Health Service, totaling $5.13
billion. The FY2023 Senate-introduced appropriations bill contained (FY2024) advance appropriations ($5.58 billion) for this
agency, though the FY2023 President’s request, FY2023 House-passed bill, and FY2022 annual appropriations law did not.
The FY2023 enacted appropriation of $41.47 billion was $950.0 million higher than the FY2022 enacted appropriation. It
included higher total funding for DOI agencies and EPA, and lower funding for Related Agencies. The FY2023 enacted
appropriation was $7.32 billion less than the President requested ($48.78 billion), $5.93 billion less than passed by the House
($47.39 billion), and $3.37 billion less than included in a Senate-introduced bill ($44.83 billion). The FY2023 enacted
appropriation also contained less funding for each of the major titles of the bill than had been requested by the President,
approved by the House, and included in the Senate-introduced bill. It is unclear whether and to what extent the FY2023
enacted appropriation was affected by the earlier enactment of laws providing monies that could be used in FY2023 (e.g.,
P.L. 117-58, the Infrastructure and Jobs Act, and P.L. 117-169, commonly called the Inflation Reduction Act).
In earlier action, for FY2023, President Biden had requested a total of $48.78 billion, including $2.55 billion for wildfire
suppression under the discretionary cap adjustment, and $8.91 billion in mandatory appropriations for the Indian Health
Service. On July 20, 2022, the House passed H.R. 8294, with $47.39 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
(in H.R. 8294, Division E). This total included $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the cap adjustment and
discretionary appropriations of $8.12 billion for the Indian Health Service, though the President had sought mandatory
appropriations for this agency. S. 4686, as introduced in the Senate on July 28, 2022, contained $44.83 billion for Interior,
Environment, and Related Agencies, including $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the cap adjustment. In addition to
the $44.83 billion, S. 4686 contained $2.28 billion in FY2023 emergency appropriations for disaster recovery and emergency
response of several agencies and $5.58 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, with the funding
becoming available for obligation in FY2024.
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Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations

Appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, by Major Title, FY2022-FY2023

Source: Prepared by CRS with data from the House and Senate Appropriations Committees.
Notes: In general, amounts reflected in the figure represent regular annual appropriations for the pertinent fiscal year (FY2022 or
FY2023) and exclude supplemental, mandatory, and advance appropriations, including those referenced below.
The FY2022 enacted total excludes mandatory appropriations in P.L. 117-169, often called the Inflation Reduction Act. (The
total amount of funding for agencies within the Interior bill is not readily available.) It also excludes $1.78 billion in FY2022
emergency supplemental appropriations for multiple agencies for disaster relief, contained in Division B, the Disaster Relief
Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022, of P.L. 117-43, the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency
Assistance Act.
The FY2023 enacted total excludes $5.13 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, which become
available for obligation in FY2024. It also excludes $6.15 billion in emergency supplemental appropriations for disasters
contained in Division N, the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023, of P.L. 117-328, the Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2023.
The FY2022 and FY2023 enacted totals exclude money in Division J, Appropriations, of P.L. 117-58, the Infrastructure
Investment and Jobs Act, enacted on November 15, 2021. The law contained a total of $95.71 billion for multiple agencies,
composed of the following amounts: $33.56 billion in FY2022 emergency appropriations for multiple agencies, $6.11 billion
in advance appropriations for EPA, and $56.04 billion in emergency advance appropriations for multiple agencies. Advance
appropriations would become available for obligation in future fiscal years rather than in FY2022.
For FY2023, the President did not request discretionary appropriations for the Indian Health Service. Instead, the President
requested $8.91 billion in mandatory appropriations for the agency, and these appropriations are reflected in the figure.
House-passed appropriations for FY2023 were contained in H.R. 8294, Division E. Senate-introduced appropriations were
contained in S. 4686. The Senate-introduced total shown in the figure excludes $5.58 billion in advance appropriations for
the Indian Health Service, which would become available for obligation in FY2024. It also excludes $2.28 billion in FY2023
emergency appropriations provided in Title V of the bill, for disaster recovery and response of several agencies.

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Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations

Introduction
This report focuses on FY2023 discretionary appropriations for Interior, Environment, and
Related Agencies. Issues for Congress included determining the amount of funding for agencies
and programs in the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill—often
called the Interior bill—and the terms and conditions of such funding.
This report focuses on the regular (annual) appropriations for the Interior bill. It first presents a
short overview of FY2023 legislative action. It next provides an overview of the agencies and
other entities funded in the Interior bill. The report then describes the FY2023 appropriations for
Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies requested by President Biden, passed by the House,
contained in a bill introduced in the Senate, and enacted into law. Subsequently, it briefly
compares FY2022 enacted and FY2023 regular appropriations.1 Finally, the report provides a
table showing each agency’s regular appropriations enacted for FY2022, requested by the
President for FY2023, passed by the House for FY2023, contained in a bill introduced in the
Senate for FY2023, and enacted into law for FY2023. Agency and bill totals in this report
generally reflect rescissions.
Mandatory, Supplemental, and Advance Appropriations
This report does not detail mandatory, supplemental, and advance appropriations for Interior, Environment, and
Related Agencies. For example, the FY2022 total in this report excludes mandatory appropriations in P.L. 117-169,
often referred to as the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). The IRA provided FY2022 appropriations to various
agencies for diverse purposes, with the monies available for multiple fiscal years (e.g., through FY2026 or FY2031)
depending on the program. For instance, the Forest Service received $5.00 bil ion for forest management,
planning, and restoration activities. Among other agencies and programs, the Bureau of Land Management, U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Indian Affairs, and
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also received funding under the IRA. The total amount of mandatory
funding provided to agencies within the Interior bil under P.L. 117-169 is not readily available. In addition, many of
the agencies that receive discretionary appropriations through the Interior bil also receive mandatory
appropriations under various authorizing statutes, and these mandatory appropriations are not reflected herein.
(For information on mandatory appropriations of the four main federal land management agencies—Bureau of
Land Management, Fish and Wildlife Service, Forest Service, and National Park Service—see CRS Report R45994,
Federal Land Management Agencies’ Mandatory Appropriations Accounts, coordinated by Carol Hardy Vincent.)
This report also excludes emergency supplemental appropriations, for disasters and other purposes. For example,
it excludes FY2022 appropriations of $1.78 bil ion contained in Division B, the Disaster Relief Supplemental
Appropriations Act, 2022, of P.L. 117-43, the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency
Assistance Act. Similarly, it excludes FY2023 appropriations of $6.15 bil ion contained in Division N, the Disaster
Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023, of P.L. 117-328, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023.
In addition, the FY2022 and FY2023 totals in this report exclude appropriations contained in Division J,
Appropriations, of P.L. 117-58, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. This law contained a total of $95.71
bil ion for multiple agencies in the Interior bil , composed of the fol owing amounts: $33.56 bil ion in FY2022
emergency appropriations for multiple agencies, $6.11 bil ion in advance appropriations for EPA, and $56.04 bil ion
in emergency advance appropriations for multiple agencies. Advance appropriations would become available for
obligation in future fiscal years rather than in FY2022, with $13.51 bil ion becoming available in FY2023.2
The totals shown in this report for both P.L. 117-43 and P.L. 117-58 are from the Congressional Record, vol. 168,
no. 42, book IV (March 9, 2022), pp. H2657-H2667. See this source for detail on agencies and accounts that
received funding under these laws.

1 Regular appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies for FY2022 were included in Division G,
Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2022, of P.L. 117-103, the
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022. Regular appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies for
FY2023 were included in Division G, Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations
Act, 2023, of P.L. 117-328, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023.
2 This figure is taken from the Congressional Record, December 20, 2022, p. S8872 and S8873.
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Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations

Appropriations are complex. Budget justifications for some agencies are large (often hundreds of
pages long) and contain numerous funding, programmatic, and legislative changes for
congressional consideration. Further, appropriations laws provide funds for numerous accounts,
activities, and sub-activities, and their accompanying explanatory statements provide additional
directives and other important information. This report does not provide in-depth information at
the agency, account, and subaccount levels, nor does it generally detail budgetary reorganizations
or legislative changes proposed or enacted for FY2023. For information on a particular agency or
on individual accounts, programs, or activities administered by a particular agency, see the
Congressional Research Service (CRS) products provided in footnotes throughout this report or
contact the key policy staff listed at the end of this report.3 In addition, selected reports related to
appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, such as individual agencies (e.g.,
National Park Service) or crosscutting programs (e.g., Wildland Fire Management), are listed
under “Interior & Environment Appropriations” on the “Appropriations” Issue Area page on the
CRS website.4
Overview of FY2023 Legislative Action
For FY2023, President Biden requested $48.78 billion for the roughly three dozen agencies and
entities funded in the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill. This total
included $2.55 billion for certain wildfire suppression activities under an adjustment to
discretionary spending limits for FY2023. Under law, an adjustment can be made to discretionary
spending limits to accommodate enacted funding for wildfire suppression.5 The total of $48.78
billion reflects $8.91 billion in mandatory appropriations that the President requested for the
Indian Health Service; the President did not seek discretionary appropriations for this agency.
On July 20, 2022, the House passed H.R. 8294, with $47.39 billion in appropriations for Interior,
Environment, and Related Agencies in Division E. (Hereinafter, this bill typically is referred to as
the House-passed bill). This total included $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the
discretionary cap adjustment, as requested by the President, and $8.12 billion in discretionary
appropriations for the Indian Health Service, although the President sought mandatory
appropriations for this agency. On July 1, 2022, the House Appropriations Committee had
reported H.R. 8262 (accompanied by H.Rept. 117-400), with the same overall totals as included
in the House-passed bill.
On July 28, 2022, the chair of the Senate Committee on Appropriations released draft Interior bill
text and a draft accompanying explanatory statement for Interior, Environment, and Related
Agencies for FY2023. On the same day, S. 4686 was introduced, reflecting the draft bill text.

3 This report provides in footnotes the most recent CRS products covering appropriations for agencies in the Interior
bill.
4 The “Interior & Environment Appropriations” subissue page is on the CRS website at https://www.crs.gov/iap/
appropriations (under “All Subissues”).
5 This authority is contained in Division O, the Wildfire Suppression Funding and Forest Management Activities Act,
of P.L. 115-141, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018. The adjustment may not exceed specified amounts for
each of FY2020-FY2027. For information on discretionary spending limits, see CRS In Focus IF10647, The Budget
Resolution and the Budget Control Act’s Discretionary Spending Limits, by Megan S. Lynch; CRS Report R44874, The
Budget Control Act: Frequently Asked Questions, by Grant A. Driessen and Megan S. Lynch; and CRS Report R45778,
Exceptions to the Budget Control Act’s Discretionary Spending Limits, by Megan S. Lynch, especially the “Wildfire
Suppression” section. For a discussion of the cap adjustment for wildfire suppression, see CRS In Focus IF12142,
Funding for Wildfire Management: FY2023 Appropriations for Forest Service and Department of the Interior, by Katie
Hoover, and CRS Report R46583, Federal Wildfire Management: Ten-Year Funding Trends and Issues (FY2011-
FY2020), by Katie Hoover.
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(Hereinafter, this bill typically is referred to as the Senate-introduced bill.) The bill contained a
total of $44.83 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies for FY2023, including
$2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the cap adjustment and discretionary appropriations
of $7.38 billion for the Indian Health Service. Additionally, the Senate-introduced bill contained
$5.58 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, with the funding becoming
available for obligation in FY2024, and $2.28 billion in FY2023 emergency appropriations for
disaster recovery and emergency response of several agencies.
On December 29, 2022, the President signed into law a measure containing $41.47 billion for
Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies for FY2023. These appropriations were contained in
Division G, Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act,
2023, of P.L. 117-328, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023. This total includes $2.55
billion for wildfire suppression under the discretionary cap adjustment. The law contained an
additional $5.13 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service for FY2024 not
reflected in the $41.47 billion figure.6
As FY2023 appropriations had not been enacted at the start of the fiscal year on October 1, 2022,
Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies received appropriations under a continuing
resolution (CR) for the period from October 1 until P.L. 117-328 was enacted.7 The CR generally
provided funds for agencies and activities at FY2022 levels (as contained in P.L. 117-103,
Division G). However, the CR provided specific provisions for FY2023 funding for certain
agencies and activities in the Interior bill—namely, Indian Health Service programs, DOI’s
Working Capital Fund, and the National Park Service’s National Heritage Areas program.
Overview of Interior, Environment, and
Related Agencies
The annual Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill includes funding and
other provisions for agencies and programs in three federal departments and for numerous related
agencies. The Interior bill typically contains three primary appropriations titles and a fourth title
with general provisions.8 Title I provides funding for most agencies in the Department of the
Interior (DOI),9 many of which manage land and other natural resource or regulatory programs.
Title I also typically includes general provisions related to DOI agencies. Title II contains
appropriations and administrative provisions for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Title III, Related Agencies, generally funds about two dozen other entities, including the Forest

6 For information on advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, see CRS Insight IN12087, Advance
Appropriations for the Indian Health Service (IHS), by Elayne J. Heisler and Jessica Tollestrup and CRS Report
R46265, Advance Appropriations for the Indian Health Service: Issues and Options for Congress, by Elayne J. Heisler
and Kate P. McClanahan.
7 Division A of P.L. 117-180 provided continuing appropriations through December 16, 2022. Division A of P.L. 117-
229 extended continuing appropriations through December 23, 2022. Division A of P.L. 117-264 extended continuing
appropriations through December 30, 2022.
8 On occasion, the House, Senate, or enacted version of the Interior bill has contained additional titles. For instance, S.
4686, the FY2023 Interior appropriations bill introduced in the Senate, contains a Title V, with emergency
appropriations for disaster recovery and emergency response of several agencies.
9 The exceptions are the Bureau of Reclamation and the Central Utah Project, which receive appropriations through
Energy and Water Development appropriations laws. For information on appropriations for these entities, see CRS
Report R47293, Energy and Water Development: FY2023 Appropriations, by Mark Holt and Anna E. Normand, and
CRS In Focus IF12127, Bureau of Reclamation: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations, by Charles V. Stern.
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Service in the Department of Agriculture; the Indian Health Service in the Department of Health
and Human Services; arts and cultural agencies, including the Smithsonian Institution; and
various other organizations and entities. Title III also contains administrative provisions for some
agencies funded therein. Title IV, General Provisions, typically contains additional guidance and
direction for agencies in the bill. The following sections briefly describe selected major agencies
in the Interior bill.
Title I. Department of the Interior10
DOI’s mission is to conserve and manage the nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage;
provide scientific and other information about those resources; and exercise trust responsibilities
and other commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated island communities.11
There are nine major DOI agencies and two other broad accounts funded in the Interior bill that
carry out this mission. Hereinafter, these 11 entities are referred to collectively as the DOI
agencies. The DOI agencies and their functions funded in the Interior bill include the following:
 The Bureau of Land Management administers about 244 million acres of federal
public land, mostly in the West, for diverse uses such as energy and mineral
development, livestock grazing, recreation, and preservation. The agency also
administers roughly 710 million acres of federal onshore subsurface mineral
estate throughout the nation and supervises the mineral operations on about 59
million acres of Indian trust lands.12
 The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service administers 89 million acres of federal land
within the National Wildlife Refuge System and other areas,13 including 77
million acres in Alaska. It also manages several large marine refuges and marine
national monuments, sometimes jointly with other federal agencies. In addition,
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, together with the National Marine Fisheries
Service (Department of Commerce), is responsible for implementing the
Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. §§1531 et seq.); promoting wildlife habitat;
enforcing federal wildlife laws; supporting wildlife and ecosystem science;
conserving migratory birds; administering grants to aid state fish and wildlife
programs; and coordinating with state, international, and other federal agencies
on fish and wildlife issues.14
 The National Park Service administers 81 million acres of federal land within the
National Park System, including 424 separate units in the 50 states, District of
Columbia, and U.S. territories. Roughly two-thirds of the system’s lands are in
Alaska. The National Park Service has a dual mission—to preserve unique
resources and to provide for their enjoyment by the public. The agency also

10 For additional background on the Department of the Interior (DOI) and its agencies, see CRS Report R45480, U.S.
Department of the Interior: An Overview, by Mark K. DeSantis.
11 DOI, “About Interior,” at https://www.doi.gov/about.
12 For an overview of FY2023 appropriations for the Bureau of Land Management, see CRS In Focus IF12187, Bureau
of Land Management: FY2023 Appropriations, by Carol Hardy Vincent.
13 This is the acreage over which the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has primary jurisdiction in the United States and
the territories. The figure excludes acreage in marine national monuments over which the agency also has jurisdiction.
14 For additional information on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, see CRS Report R45265, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service: An Overview, by R. Eliot Crafton. For an overview of FY2022 appropriations for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, see CRS In Focus IF11925, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: FY2022 Appropriations, by R. Eliot Crafton.
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supports and promotes some resource conservation activities outside the National
Park System through grant and technical assistance programs and cooperation
with partners.15
 The U.S. Geological Survey is a science agency that provides physical and
biological information related to geological resources; natural hazards; climate
and land use change; and energy, mineral, water, and biological sciences and
resources. In addition, it is the federal government’s principal civilian mapping
agency (e.g., topographical and geological mapping) and a primary source of data
on the quantity and quality of the nation’s water resources (e.g., streamgaging).16
 The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management manages development of the nation’s
offshore conventional and renewable energy resources in the Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Alaska region. These resources are in areas
covering approximately 2.5 billion acres located beyond state waters. This
acreage is off all coastal states, although much of it (more than 1 billion acres) is
in the Alaska region.17
 The Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement provides regulatory and
safety oversight for resource development on the outer continental shelf. Among
the bureau’s responsibilities are oil and gas permitting, facility inspections,
environmental compliance, and oil spill response planning.18
 The Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement works with states
and tribes to reclaim abandoned coal mining sites. The agency also regulates
active coal mining sites to minimize environmental impacts during mining and to
reclaim affected lands and waters after mining.19
 The Bureau of Indian Education funds and provides education to Indian tribes
and Alaska Natives. The agency funds an elementary and secondary school
system, institutions of higher education, and other educational programs.20
 The Bureau of Indian Affairs provides and funds various services to American
Indians and Alaska Natives. The agency is responsible for programs that include
government operations, courts, law enforcement, fire protection, social programs,
roads, economic development, employment assistance, housing repair, irrigation,

15 For a discussion of the different types of national park units and an overview of their management, see CRS Report
R41816, National Park System: What Do the Different Park Titles Signify?, by Laura B. Comay. For an overview of
FY2023 appropriations for the National Park Service, see CRS In Focus IF12112, National Park Service: FY2023
Appropriations, by Laura B. Comay. For an overview of National Park Service appropriations in recent years, see CRS
Report R42757, National Park Service (NPS) Appropriations: Ten-Year Trends, by Laura B. Comay.
16 For an overview of FY2023 appropriations for the U.S. Geological Survey, see CRS In Focus IF12097, The U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS): Background and FY2023 Appropriations, by Anna E. Normand.
17 For a discussion of state and federal waters, see CRS Report RL33404, Offshore Oil and Gas Development: Legal
Framework, by Adam Vann. For an overview of FY2023 appropriations for the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management,
see CRS In Focus IF12204, Offshore Energy Agency Appropriations, FY2023, by Laura B. Comay.
18 For an overview of FY2023 appropriations for the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, see CRS In
Focus IF12204, Offshore Energy Agency Appropriations, FY2023, by Laura B. Comay.
19 For additional information on the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, see CRS In Focus
IF11352, The Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund: Issues and Legislation in the 117th Congress, by Lance N. Larson,
and CRS Report R46610, Reclamation of Coal Mining Operations: Select Issues and Legislation, by Lance N. Larson.
20 For a discussion of Indian education programs, see CRS Report RL34205, Indian Elementary-Secondary Education:
Programs, Background, and Issues, by Cassandria Dortch, and CRS In Focus IF10554, Postsecondary Education of
Native Americans, by Cassandria Dortch.
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dams, Indian rights protection, implementation of land and water settlements, and
management of trust assets (real estate and natural resources).21
 Departmental Offices covers diverse offices and programs. In the FY2023
appropriations law, it covered the Office of the Secretary of the Interior, Insular
Affairs, the Office of the Solicitor, and the Office of Inspector General.22
 Department-Wide Programs covers varied programs and entities. In the FY2023
appropriations law, it covered DOI Wildland Fire Management,23 the Central
Hazardous Materials Fund, the Energy Community Revitalization Program, the
Natural Resource Damage Assessment Fund, the Working Capital Fund, and the
Office of Natural Resources Revenue.24
Title II. Environmental Protection Agency
EPA administers various environmental statutes that have an express or general objective to
protect human health and the environment.25 Primary responsibilities include the implementation
of federal statutes regulating air quality, water quality, drinking water safety, pesticides, toxic
substances, management and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes, and cleanup of
environmental contamination. EPA awards grants to assist states and local governments in
implementing federal law and complying with federal requirements to control pollution. The
agency also administers programs that provide financial assistance for public wastewater and
drinking water infrastructure projects.26

21 For an overview of FY2022 appropriations for the Bureau of Indian Affairs, see CRS In Focus IF11899, The Bureau
of Indian Affairs: FY2022 Appropriations, by Tana Fitzpatrick. Both the Bureau of Indian Education and the Bureau of
Indian Affairs received FY2023 appropriations under the heading Indian Affairs in the FY2023 Interior appropriations
law. Under that heading, the FY2023 appropriations law also contained appropriations for the Office of the Special
Trustee for American Indians. For FY2023, the President’s request instead sought funding for the Bureau of Trust
Funds Administration in anticipation of the termination of the Office of the Special Trustee for American Indians. For
additional information, see DOI, Budget Justifications and Performance Information, Fiscal Year 2023, Bureau of
Trust Funds Administration, at https://doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/fy2023-btfa-greenbook_0.pdf.
22 An overview of these entities’ responsibilities is at DOI, “Bureaus & Offices,” at https://www.doi.gov/bureaus/
offices.
23 For an overview of FY2023 appropriations for wildland fire management, see CRS In Focus IF12142, Funding for
Wildfire Management: FY2023 Appropriations for Forest Service and Department of the Interior, by Katie Hoover.
For an overview of wildland fire management appropriations in recent years, see CRS Report R46583, Federal Wildfire
Management: Ten-Year Funding Trends and Issues (FY2011-FY2020), by Katie Hoover.
24 Descriptions of these programs are on the DOI website as follows. For DOI wildland fire management, see
https://www.doi.gov/wildlandfire. For the Central Hazardous Materials Fund, see https://www.doi.gov/oepc/central-
hazardous-materials-fund-chf. For the Energy Community Revitalization Program and the Working Capital Fund, see
DOI, Budget Justifications and Performance Information, Fiscal Year 2023, Office of the Secretary, Department-Wide
Programs, at https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/fy2023-osdwp-greenbook.pdf. For the Natural Resource Damage
Assessment Fund, see DOI, Budget Justifications and Performance Information, Fiscal Year 2023, Natural Resource
Damage Assessment and Restoration Program, at https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/fy2023-nrdar-greenbook.pdf.
For the Office of Natural Resources Revenue, see https://www.onrr.gov/. For FY2023, the President’s request also
sought funding through this account for the Payments in Lieu of Taxes (PILT) Program, though the FY2023
appropriations law included PILT funding under a general provision. For information on this program, see CRS Report
R46260, The Payments in Lieu of Taxes (PILT) Program: An Overview, by Katie Hoover, and DOI, Budget
Justifications and Performance Information, Fiscal Year 2023, Office of the Secretary, Department-Wide Programs¸ at
https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/fy2023-osdwp-greenbook.pdf.
25 EPA has no organic statute establishing an overall mission.
26 For an overview of FY2023 appropriations for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), see CRS In Focus
IF12349, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FY2023 Appropriations, by Angela C. Jones.
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Title III. Related Agencies
In FY2023, Title III of the Interior bill funded about two dozen agencies, organizations, and other
entities collectively referred to as the related agencies. Among the related agencies funded in the
Interior bill, roughly 95% of the funding typically is provided to the following:
 The Forest Service in the Department of Agriculture manages 193 million acres
of federal land within the National Forest System—consisting of national forests,
national grasslands, and other areas—in 43 states, the Commonwealth of Puerto
Rico, and the Virgin Islands. It also provides technical and financial assistance to
states, tribes, and private forest landowners and conducts research on sustaining
forest resources for future generations.27
 The Indian Health Service in the Department of Health and Human Services
provides medical and environmental health services for approximately 2.7
million American Indians and Alaska Natives. Health care is provided through a
system of more than 600 hospitals, clinics, and health stations on or near Indian
reservations. The agency, tribes and tribal organizations, and urban Indian
organizations operate these facilities and programs.28
 The Smithsonian Institution is a museum and research complex consisting of 21
museums, the National Zoological Park (National Zoo), and several research
facilities throughout the United States and around the world.29 Established by
federal legislation in 1846 with the acceptance of a trust donation by the
institution’s namesake benefactor, the Smithsonian is funded by both federal
appropriations and a private trust.30
 The National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the
Humanities make up the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities.
The National Endowment for the Arts is a major federal source of support for all
arts disciplines. Since 1965, it has awarded more than 145,000 grants, which
have been distributed to all states. The National Endowment for the Humanities
generally supports grants for humanities education, research, preservation, and
public humanities programs; creation of regional humanities centers; and
development of humanities programs under the jurisdiction of state humanities
councils. Since 1965, it has awarded more than 64,000 grants. It also supports a
Challenge Grant program to stimulate and match private donations in support of
humanities institutions.31

27 For an overview of Forest Service land management, see CRS Report R43872, National Forest System Management:
Overview, Appropriations, and Issues for Congress, by Katie Hoover and Anne A. Riddle. For an overview of FY2023
appropriations for the Forest Service, see CRS In Focus IF12141, Forest Service: FY2023 Appropriations, by Katie
Hoover. For an overview of Forest Service appropriations in recent years, see CRS Report R46557, Forest Service
Appropriations: Ten-Year Data and Trends (FY2011-FY2020), by Katie Hoover.
28 Department of Health and Human Services, Indian Health Service (IHS), Justification of Estimates for
Appropriations Committees, Fiscal Year 2023, p. CJ-2, at https://www.ihs.gov/sites/budgetformulation/themes/
responsive2017/display_objects/documents/FY2023BudgetJustificaton.pdf. For additional information on the agency,
see CRS Report R43330, The Indian Health Service (IHS): An Overview, by Elayne J. Heisler.
29 These statistics are from the Smithsonian Institution’s website at http://www.si.edu/About.
30 For an overview of the Smithsonian Institution, including potential costs of new museums and other issues for
Congress, see CRS Report R44370, Smithsonian Institution: Background, Issues for Congress, and Selected
Legislation, by R. Eric Petersen.
31 For an overview of FY2023 appropriations for the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for
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FY2023 Appropriations
Appropriations for agencies vary widely for reasons relating to the number, breadth, and
complexity of agency responsibilities; alternative sources of funding (e.g., mandatory
appropriations); and Administration and congressional priorities, among other factors. The total in
each of the FY2023 requested, House-passed, Senate-introduced, and enacted appropriations is
broken out unevenly across the three major funding titles in the Interior bill and among agencies
and entities within each title, as is typically the case.
Although FY2023 appropriations in the President’s request, House-passed bill, Senate-introduced
bill, and enacted appropriation cover about three dozen agencies, funding for a small subset of
these agencies accounts for most of the total. For example, the sum of appropriations for three
agencies—EPA, Forest Service, and Indian Health Service—accounts for about three-fifths of
each total. Nearly three-quarters of each total is for these three agencies and two others—National
Park Service and Bureau of Indian Affairs.
Components of President Biden’s Request
For FY2023, President Biden requested $48.78 billion for the approximately three dozen agencies
and entities funded in the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill. This
total included $37.32 billion in regular appropriations and $2.55 billion for certain wildfire
suppression activities under an adjustment to discretionary spending limits for FY2023. The
wildfire suppression amount comprised $2.21 billion for the Forest Service and $340.0 million
for DOI. Budget authority designated for the specified suppression activities would cause the
spending limits to be adjusted, effectively making the budget authority not subject to the limits, as
noted.
The total of $48.78 billion also reflects $8.91 billion in mandatory appropriations for the Indian
Health Service.32 The President did not request discretionary appropriations for this agency but
instead proposed reclassifying Indian Health Service accounts as mandatory funding. The
President asserted that “mandatory funding provides a long-term solution for adequate, stable,
and predictable funding for the Indian health system.”33 He expressed that mandatory funding
would ensure “the disproportionate impacts experienced by tribal communities during the
COVID-19 pandemic are never repeated.”34
For the 11 DOI agencies in Title I of the Interior bill, the President’s request was $16.86 billion,
or 35% of the total. For EPA, funded in Title II of the bill, the request was $11.88 billion, or 24%
of the total. For about two dozen agencies and other entities in Title III of the bill, the President

the Humanities, see CRS Report R47248, National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities: FY2023 Appropriations,
by Shannon S. Loane. An overview of the National Endowment for the Arts is at https://www.arts.gov/about/what-is-
the-nea. An overview of the National Endowment for the Humanities is at https://www.neh.gov/about.
32 This amount is identified in the FY2023 Senate committee majority draft explanatory statement, entitled Explanatory
Statement for the Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill, 2023, pp. 119-
120, at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/majority/breaking-chairman-leahy-releases-fiscal-year-2023-
senate-appropriations-bills. The IHS FY2023 budget justification identifies mandatory funding of $9.1 billion in
proposed law funding and $147 million in current law funding for the Special Diabetes Program for Indians. See
Department of Health and Human Services, IHS, Justification of Estimates for Appropriations Committees, Fiscal Year
2023, p. CJ-4. Hereinafter cited as IHS, FY2023 CJ.
33 IHS, FY2023 CJ, p. CJ-3.
34 IHS, FY2023 CJ, p. CJ-2.
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requested $20.05 billion, or about 41% of the total. This Title III total reflects mandatory
appropriations for the Indian Health Service.
Components of H.R. 8294, Division E, as Passed the House
The Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2022
(H.R. 8294, Division E), as passed by the House on July 20, 2022, contained $47.39 billion for
Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. This total included $2.55 billion for wildfire
suppression under the cap adjustment, consisting of $2.21 billion for the Forest Service and
$340.0 million for DOI.
The House-passed bill included discretionary appropriations of $8.12 billion for the Indian Health
Service, though the President sought mandatory appropriations for this agency. In its earlier
report on H.R. 8262, the House Committee on Appropriations set out its opposition to the request
for mandatory appropriations. The committee expressed that the Indian Health Service “did not
provide implementation language and at the time of writing this report, the authorizing
committees have not enacted the President’s proposal. Because the authorizing committees have
not acted, the Committee is providing discretionary funds for IHS for fiscal year 2023 to ensure
health care for Native Americans is not negatively impacted.”35
For the 11 DOI agencies in Title I of the bill, the House-passed bill contained $16.68 billion, or
35% of the total. EPA, funded in Title II of the bill, would receive $11.49 billion, or 24% of the
total. The House-passed bill would fund about two dozen agencies and other entities through Title
III, with $19.22 billion, or 41% of the bill total.
Components of S. 4686, as Introduced in the Senate
S. 4686, as introduced in the Senate on July 28, 2022, contained $44.83 billion for Interior,
Environment, and Related Agencies. As in the President’s request and the House-passed bill, the
total in the Senate-introduced bill included $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the cap
adjustment, divided between the Forest Service ($2.21 billion) and DOI ($340.0 million).
The Senate-introduced bill included discretionary appropriations of $7.38 billion for the Indian
Health Service. The Senate committee majority draft explanatory statement indicated that
although the President had sought mandatory funding, it contained discretionary funding because
“at this time no such change has been enacted into law.”36
Of the $44.83 billion in the bill, DOI agencies in Title I would receive $16.04 billion, or 36% of
the total. EPA, funded in Title II of the bill, would receive $10.64 billion, or 24% of the total. The
bill would fund about two dozen agencies and other entities through Title III, with $18.15 billion,
or 40% of the total.
In addition to the $44.83 billion, S. 4686, as introduced, contained $2.28 billion in FY2023
emergency appropriations for disaster recovery and emergency response of the Forest Service
(wildland fire management) and the following DOI agencies and programs: Fish and Wildlife
Service, National Park Service, Bureau of Indian Education, and DOI wildland fire management.
These funds were contained in a new Title V of the bill.

35 House Committee on Appropriations, Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
Appropriations Bill, 2023, report to accompany H.R. 8262, 117th Cong., 2nd sess., H.Rept. 117-400, July 1, 2022,
p. 122.
36 Senate committee majority draft explanatory statement, p. 119.
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The bill also contained $5.58 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, with
the funding becoming available for obligation in FY2024. The Senate committee majority draft
explanatory statement included the following explanation for these funds:
The Committee recognizes that budget uncertainty due to temporary lapses of
appropriations and continuing resolutions have an effect on the orderly operations of
critical healthcare programs for Native American communities. Existing challenges related
to recruitment and retention of healthcare providers, administrative burden and costs, and
financial effects on Tribes were identified areas of concern in a Government Accountability
Office [GAO] study (GAO–18–652). This budgetary change will enable IHS to continue
to provide health services without interruption or uncertainty, improving the quality of care
and providing peace of mind for patients and medical providers.37
Components of FY2023 Enacted Appropriation
The FY2023 appropriations law (P.L. 117-328, Division G), enacted on December 29, 2022,
contained a total of $41.47 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. This total
included $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the cap adjustment, consisting of $2.21
billion for the Forest Service and $340 million for DOI. In addition to the $41.47 billion, the law
included $5.13 billion in advance appropriations (for FY2024) for the Indian Health Service.
Of the $41.47 billion total, DOI agencies in Title I received $15.10 billion, or 36.4% of the total.
EPA, funded in Title II of the bill, received $10.14 billion, or 24.4% of the total. For about two
dozen agencies and other entities funded in Title III, the law contained $16.23 billion, or 39.1%
of the total.
The FY2023 law contained nearly three-quarters of total funding for five agencies, similar to the
President’s request, the House-passed bill, and the Senate-introduced bill. Specifically, the
appropriations in the FY2023 law for EPA, Forest Service, Indian Health Service, National Park
Service, and Bureau of Indian Affairs totaled $30.05 billion, or 72.5% of the total.
For the 11 DOI agencies, the FY2023 law provided funding ranging from $172.0 million for the
Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement to $3.48 billion for the National Park Service.
The appropriations for 7 of the 11 agencies exceeded $1 billion. For the Related Agencies in Title
III, the amounts ranged from $0.6 million (for the Alyce Spotted Bear and Walter Soboleff
Commission on Native Children) to $7.07 billion (for the Forest Service).38 The FY2023
appropriations law contained more than $1 billion for two entities in Title III in addition to the
Forest Service. They are the Indian Health Service, with $6.93 billion, and the Smithsonian
Institution, with $1.14 billion. The next-largest funding levels in Title III were $209.2 million for
the National Gallery of Art and $207.0 million for each of the National Endowment for the Arts
and the National Endowment for the Humanities. Other Title III agencies received lower funding
amounts, including less than $10 million for each of nine agencies.
Comparison of FY2023 and FY2022 Regular Appropriations
The FY2023 enacted appropriation of $41.47 billion was $950.0 million higher than the FY2022
enacted appropriation. It included higher total funding for DOI agencies and EPA but lower
funding for Related Agencies.

37 Senate committee majority draft explanatory statement, p. 120.
38 The law included no new funding for the Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation, but contained $3.1 million
for the entity derived from unobligated balances of funding.
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The FY2023 enacted appropriation was $7.32 billion less than the total requested by the President
($48.78 billion), $5.93 billion less than passed by the House ($47.39 billion), and $3.37 billion
less than included in the Senate-introduced bill ($44.83 billion). The FY2023 enacted
appropriation also contained less funding for each of the major titles of the bill than had been
requested by the President, approved by the House, and included in the Senate-introduced bill. It
is unclear whether and to what extent the FY2023 enacted appropriation was affected by the
earlier enactment of laws providing monies that could be used in FY2023. Such earlier laws
included P.L. 117-58, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), which included advance
appropriations for FY2023, and P.L. 117-169, often referred to as the Inflation Reduction Act,
which provided mandatory appropriations for FY2022 that were available for multiple fiscal
years.
The FY2023 enacted appropriation contained $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the
discretionary cap adjustment. This was the maximum available under law for FY2023,39 and the
same as the amount requested by the President, passed by the House, and introduced in the Senate
for FY2023. The enacted appropriation contained $2.21 billion for the Forest Service and $340.0
million for DOI. The same amounts were contained in the President’s request, House-passed bill,
and Senate-introduced bill. The FY2022 enacted appropriation was $2.45 billion—the maximum
under law for that year—including $2.12 billion for the Forest Service and $330.0 million for
DOI.
The FY2023 appropriations law contained advanced appropriations (for FY2024) for the Indian
Health Service, totaling $5.13 billion. Similarly, the Senate-introduced bill for FY2023 contained
advance appropriations ($5.58 billion) for the Indian Health Service. Neither the President’s
request for FY2023 nor the House-passed bill for FY2023 contained advance appropriations for
this agency. Further, the FY2022 regular appropriations law did not include advance
appropriations for the Indian Health Service.40
In addition to the regular FY2023 appropriation in Division G, P.L. 117-328 included $6.15
billion in emergency supplemental appropriations for disaster relief in Division N. The FY2023
Senate-introduced bill contained FY2023 emergency appropriations of $2.28 billion for disaster
recovery and emergency response for a subset of the agencies and programs that received disaster
funding in P.L. 117-328.41 For FY2023, neither the President’s request nor the House-passed bill
included funding for disaster relief. The FY2022 regular appropriations law (P.L. 117-103) also
did not include funding for disaster relief, though an earlier law (P.L. 117-43) had provided
supplemental appropriations for FY2022 for disaster relief.
Figure 1 depicts FY2022 enacted appropriations and FY2023 appropriations in President Biden’s
request, the House-passed bill, the Senate-introduced bill, and the FY2023 enacted appropriations
law. It shows the appropriations contained in each of the three main appropriations titles of the
Interior bill—Title I (DOI), Title II (EPA), and Title III (Related Agencies). For FY2022 enacted
appropriations, it depicts the regular annual appropriations in P.L. 117-103, Division G. For the
President’s FY2023 request, it depicts amounts shown in tables prepared by the Appropriations
Committees. For FY2023 House-passed appropriations, it depicts amounts contained in H.R.
8294, Division E. For FY2023 Senate-introduced appropriations, it depicts amounts contained in
S. 4686. For FY2023 enacted appropriations, it depicts the regular annual appropriations in P.L.
117-328, Division G. Similarly, Table 1, at the end of this report, lists the appropriations for each

39 2 U.S.C. §901(b)(2)(F).
40 Under P.L. 117-58, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, the Indian Health Service had received advance
appropriations for sanitation facilities for FY2023-FY2026.
41 These appropriations were included in a new Title V of the Senate bill.
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agency that were enacted for FY2022 in P.L. 117-103, Division G; requested by President Biden
for FY2023; passed by the House in H.R. 8294, Division E, for FY2023; contained in S. 4686, as
introduced, for FY2023; and enacted for FY2023 in P.L. 117-328, Division G.
Figure 1. Appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies,
by Major Title, FY2022-FY2023

Source: Prepared by CRS with data from the House and Senate Appropriations Committees.
Notes: In general, amounts reflected in the figure represent regular annual appropriations for the pertinent fiscal
year (FY2022 or FY2023), and exclude supplemental, mandatory, and advance appropriations including those
referenced below.
The FY2022 enacted total excludes mandatory appropriations in P.L. 117-169, often called the Inflation
Reduction Act. (The total amount of funding for agencies within the Interior bil is not readily available.) It also
excludes $1.78 bil ion in FY2022 emergency supplemental appropriations for multiple agencies for disaster relief,
contained in Division B, the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022, of P.L. 117-43, the Extending
Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act.
The FY2023 enacted total excludes $5.13 bil ion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, which
would become available for obligation in FY2024. It also excludes $6.15 bil ion in emergency supplemental
appropriations for disasters contained in Division N, the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023,
of P.L. 117-328, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023.
The FY2022 and FY2023 enacted totals exclude money in Division J, Appropriations, of P.L. 117-58, the
Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), enacted on November 15, 2021. The law contained a total of
$95.71 bil ion for multiple agencies, composed of the fol owing amounts: $33.56 bil ion in FY2022 emergency
appropriations for multiple agencies, $6.11 bil ion in advance appropriations for EPA, and $56.04 bil ion in
emergency advance appropriations for multiple agencies. Advance appropriations would become available for
obligation in future fiscal years rather than in FY2022.
For FY2023, the President did not request discretionary appropriations for the Indian Health Service. Instead,
the President requested $8.91 bil ion in mandatory appropriations for the agency, and these appropriations are
reflected in the figure. House-passed appropriations for FY2023 were contained in H.R. 8294, Division E. Senate-
introduced appropriations were contained in S. 4686. The Senate-introduced total shown in the figure excludes
$5.58 bil ion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, which would become available for
obligation in FY2024. It also excludes $2.28 bil ion in FY2023 emergency appropriations provided in Title V of
the bil , for disaster recovery and response of several agencies.
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Table 1. Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies:
FY2022-FY2023 Appropriations
(in thousands of dollars)
FY2023
FY2023
FY2023
FY2022
Admin.
House-
Senate-
FY2023
Bureau or Agency
Enacted
Requested
Passed
Introduced
Enacted
Bureau of Land Management
$1,410,919
$1,561,351
$1,545,871
$1,536,385
$1,493,999
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
$1,645,611
$1,972,014
$1,876,411
$1,838,057
$1,773,292
National Park Service
$3,264,994
$3,610,577
$3,643,264
$3,577,796
$3,475,254
U.S. Geological Survey
$1,394,360
$1,711,344
$1,644,232
$1,519,289
$1,497,178
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
$163,748
$200,407
$192,765
$195,550
$182,960
Bureau of Safety and Environmental
$155,947
$198,185
$171,185
$171,985
$171,985
Enforcement
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation
$268,097
$271,218
$291,218
$290,026
$289,930
and Enforcement
Indian Affairsa
$3,655,032
$4,428,888
$4,442,169
$4,135,854
$3,953,727
Bureau of Indian Affairs
$2,263,529
$2,740,477
$2,753,105
$2,545,294
$2,441,016
Bureau of Indian Education
$1,281,931
$1,575,736
$1,577,778
$1,477,885
$1,401,439
Bureau of Trust Funds Administration
$0
$112,675
$0
$0
0
Office of the Special Trustee for American
$109,572
$0
$111,286
$112,675
$111,272
Indians
Departmental Offices
$402,437
$451,170
$454,486
$430,770
$432,754
Office of the Secretary
$123,367
$146,530
$144,706
$135,000
$135,884
Insular Affairs
$121,940
$125,720
$129,720
$125,720
$128,820
Office of the Solicitor
$94,998
$102,050
$103,190
$102,050
$101,050
Office of Inspector General
$62,132
$76,870
$76,870
$68,000
$67,000
Department-Wide Programs
$1,640,142
$2,451,476b
$1,897,976
$1,828,584
$1,829,019
Wildland Fire Management
$1,356,097
$1,539,630
$1,543,130
$1,503,286
$1,003,786
Central Hazardous Materials Fund
$10,036
$10,064
$10,064
$10,064
$10,064
Energy Community Revitalization Program
$5,000
$65,000
$45,000
$20,000
$5,000
Natural Resource Damage Assessment Fund
$7,933
$8,059
$8,059
$8,059
$8,037
Working Capital Fund
$91,436
$118,746
$116,746
$112,198
$112,198
Office of Natural Resources Revenue
$169,640
$174,977
$174,977
$174,977
$174,934
General Provisions: Payments in Lieu of Taxesb
$515,000
$535,000
$515,000
$515,000
$515,000
Subtotal, Title I: Department of the
$14,516,287 $16,857,630 $16,675,577
$16,040,296
$15,100,098
Interiorc
Subtotal, Title II: Environmental Protection
$9,559,485 $11,879,841 $11,493,123
$10,641,162
$10,135,433
Agency
Dept. of Agriculture Under Secretary for
$1,000
$1,429
$1,429
$1,000
$1,000
Natural Resources and Environment
Forest Service
$7,820,277
$8,946,010
$8,841,816
$8,595,785
$7,073,844
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FY2023
FY2023
FY2023
FY2022
Admin.
House-
Senate-
FY2023
Bureau or Agency
Enacted
Requested
Passed
Introduced
Enacted
Indian Health Service
$6,630,986
$8,909,000d
$8,121,023
$7,380,063e
$6,928,835g
National Institute of Environmental Health
$82,540
$83,035
$83,035
$83,035
$83,035
Sciences
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
$80,500
$85,020
$85,020
$85,020
$85,020
Registry
Council on Environmental Quality and Office of
$4,200
$4,360
$4,676
$4,360
$4,676
Environmental Quality
Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation
$13,400
$14,400
$14,400
$14,400
$14,400
Board
Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation
$0f
$4,000
$0f
$0f
$0f
Institute of American Indian and Alaska Native
$11,741
$11,772
$13,274
$11,772
$13,482
Culture and Arts Development
Smithsonian Institution
$1,062,215
$1,174,500
$1,174,500
$1,174,500
$1,144,500
National Gallery of Art
$180,500
$209,240
$209,240
$209,240
$209,240
John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing
$40,440
$45,380
$45,380
$45,380
$45,380
Arts
Woodrow Wilson International Center for
$15,000
$14,860
$15,000
$15,000
$15,000
Scholars
National Endowment for the Arts
$180,000
$203,550
$207,000
$195,000
$207,000
National Endowment for the Humanities
$180,000
$200,680
$207,000
$195,000
$207,000
Commission of Fine Arts
$3,328
$3,661
$3,661
$3,661
$3,661
National Capital Arts and Cultural Affairs
$5,000
$5,000
$5,000
$5,000
$5,000
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
$8,255
$8,585
$8,585
$8,585
$8,585
National Capital Planning Commission
$8,750
$8,630
$8,750
$8,630
$8,750
U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum
$62,616
$65,231
$63,231
$65,231
$65,231
Presidio Trust
$40,000
$31,000
$90,000
$40,000
$90,000
World War I Centennial Commission
$1,000
$1,000
$1,000
$1,000
$1,000
U.S. Semiquincentennial Commission
$8,000
$15,000
$15,000
$9,000
$15,000
Alyce Spotted Bear and Walter Soboleff
$200
$0
$0
$600
$550
Commission on Native Children
Subtotal, Title III: Related Agencies
$16,439,948 $20,045,343d $19,222,020
$18,151,262e
$16,230,189g
Total Interior, Environment, and Related $40,515,720h $48,782,814d $47,390,720
$44,832,720ei
$41,465,720gj
Agencies
Source: Prepared by CRS with data from the House and Senate Appropriations Committees.
Notes: Agency and bil totals generally reflect rescissions. Enacted appropriations for FY2022 were contained in
P.L. 117-103, Division G. House-passed appropriations for FY2023 were contained in H.R. 8294, Division E.
Senate-introduced appropriations were contained in S. 4686. On July 28, 2022, the Senate Appropriations
Committee Chair released a Senate committee majority draft bil and draft explanatory statement with
appropriations for FY2023. On the same day, S. 4686 was introduced, reflecting the draft bil text. The Senate-
introduced total shown excludes $5.58 bil ion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, which
would become available for obligation in FY2024. It also excludes $2.28 bil ion in FY2023 emergency
Congressional Research Service

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Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations

appropriations for disaster recovery and emergency response. Enacted appropriations for FY2023 were
contained in P.L. 117-328, Division G.
a. This row shows total funding for the listed entities. For FY2023, President Biden sought to fund the
functions of the Office of the Special Trustee for American Indians through a new Bureau of Trust Funds
Administration.
b. The FY2023 requested appropriations for the Payments in Lieu of Taxes Program ($535.0 mil ion) were
included under Department-Wide Programs. For easier comparison, these appropriations are shown in this
table under General Provisions.
c. Amounts in this row for FY2023 requested, House-passed, and Senate-introduced appropriations reflect
$1.0 mil ion not shown in the column figures above. The funding was included in the General Provisions of
the Interior title of the bil for decommissioning offshore facilities and related activities.
d. The Administration did not request discretionary appropriations for the Indian Health Service. Instead, the
Administration sought to reclassify Indian Health Service funding as mandatory appropriations and sought
$8.91 bil ion in mandatory appropriations, according to the Senate committee majority draft explanatory
statement (pp. 119-120). This amount is reflected here for comparative purposes.
e. This figure excludes $5.58 bil ion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service that would
become available for obligation in FY2024.
f.
The FY2022 enacted appropriation contained no new funding but approved $3.2 mil ion from unobligated
balances of funding. The FY2023 House-passed bil , Senate-introduced bil , and enacted appropriation
contained no new funding but approved $3.1 mil ion from unobligated balances of funding.
g. This figure excludes $5.13 bil ion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service that would
become available for obligation in FY2024.
h. This figure excludes mandatory appropriations in P.L. 117-169, often referred to as the Inflation Reduction
Act. It also excludes $1.78 bil ion in FY2022 emergency supplemental appropriations for multiple agencies
for disaster relief, contained in Division B, the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022, of
P.L. 117-43, the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act. Further, it
excludes a total of $95.71 bil ion for multiple agencies contained in Division J, Appropriations, of P.L. 117-
58, the IIJA, composed of the fol owing amounts: $33.56 bil ion in FY2022 emergency appropriations for
multiple agencies, $6.11 bil ion in advance appropriations for the Environmental Protection Agency, and
$56.04 bil ion in emergency advance appropriations for multiple agencies.
i.
This total excludes $2.28 bil ion in FY2023 emergency appropriations for disaster recovery and emergency
response for four Department of the Interior agencies (including department-wide programs) and the
Forest Service. These funds were included in Title V of S. 4686, as introduced.
j.
This figure excludes $6.15 bil ion in FY2023 emergency supplemental appropriations for multiple agencies
for disaster relief, contained in Division N, Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023, of P.L.
117-328, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023. Further, it excludes advance appropriations of $13.51
bil ion for FY2023 for multiple agencies under P.L. 117-58, the IIJA (as shown in the Congressional Record,
December 20, 2022, pp. S8872 and S8873).

Author Information

Carol Hardy Vincent

Specialist in Natural Resources Policy

Congressional Research Service

15

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations

Key Policy Staff

Area of Expertise
Name
Interior Appropriations, coordinator
Carol Hardy Vincent
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
David M. Bearden
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Mariel J. Murray
Bureau of Indian Education
Cassandria Dortch
Bureau of Land Management
Carol Hardy Vincent
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
Laura B. Comay
Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement
Laura B. Comay
Environmental Protection Agency
Angela C. Jones
Forest Service
Katie Hoover
Indian Health Service
Elayne J. Heisler
Land and Water Conservation Fund
Carol Hardy Vincent
Office of Insular Affairs
R. Sam Garrett
Office of Natural Resources Revenue
Laura B. Comay
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
Lance N. Larson
National Endowment for the Arts and National Endowment
Shannon S. Loane
for the Humanities
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
David M. Bearden
(Superfund authorities)
National Park Service
Laura B. Comay
Payments in Lieu of Taxes
Katie Hoover
Reorganization of DOI
Mark DeSantis
Smithsonian Institution
Shannon S. Loane
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Christopher R. Field
U.S. Geological Survey
Anna E. Normand
Wildland Fire Management
Katie Hoover
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Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations

Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan
shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and
under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other
than public understanding of information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in
connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the United States Government, are not
subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be reproduced and distributed in
its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include copyrighted images or
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copy or otherwise use copyrighted material.

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