Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies:
October 7, 2022May 9, 2023
Overview of FY2023 Appropriations
Carol Hardy Vincent
The Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill—often called the Interior The Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill—often called the Interior
Specialist in Natural Specialist in Natural
bill—contains funding for about three dozen agencies and entities. Funded entities include most bill—contains funding for about three dozen agencies and entities. Funded entities include most
Resources Policy Resources Policy
of the Department of the Interior (DOI) and agencies within other departments, such as the Forest of the Department of the Interior (DOI) and agencies within other departments, such as the Forest

Service (Department of Agriculture) and the Indian Health Service (Department of Health and Service (Department of Agriculture) and the Indian Health Service (Department of Health and
Human Services). The bill also provides funding for the Environmental Protection Agency Human Services). The bill also provides funding for the Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA), arts and cultural agencies, and other organizations and entities. (EPA), arts and cultural agencies, and other organizations and entities. IssuesPerennial issues for Congress for Congress
include determining the amount, terms, and conditions of funding for agencies and programs. include determining the amount, terms, and conditions of funding for agencies and programs.
Currently, for FY2023From the start of FY2023 on October 1, 2022, until December 29, 2022, Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies , Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies are receivingreceived appropriations under a continuing resolution, generally at FY2022 funding levels. However, specific provisions for FY2023 funding were included for appropriations under a continuing
resolution (CR) that generally provides funds for agencies and activities in the bill at FY2022 levels (as contained in P.L.
117-103, Division G). However, the CR provided exceptions for certain agencies and activities in the Interior bill—namely,
Indian Health Service programs, DOI’s Working Capital Fund, and the National Park Service’s National Heritage Areas Indian Health Service programs, DOI’s Working Capital Fund, and the National Park Service’s National Heritage Areas
program. The CR is in effect through December 16, 2022, unless appropriationsprogram. P.L. 117-328, Division G, enacted on December 29, 2022, contained a total appropriation of $41.47 billion for the Interior for the Interior bill for FY2023. This total included $2.55 billion for certain wildfire suppression activities under an adjustment to the discretionary spending limit for FY2023. The $41.47 billion total was broken out unevenly across the three major titles in the Interior bill, as is typically the case. DOI agencies in Title I received $15.10 billion, or 36.4% of the total. EPA, funded in Title II of the bill, received $10.14 billion, or 24.4% of the total. For about two dozen agencies and other entities funded in Title III, the FY2023 appropriations law contained $16.23 billion, or 39.1% of the total. Nearly three-quarters ($30.05 billion, or 72.5%) of total funding in the law was for five agencies: EPA, Forest Service, Indian Health Service, National Park Service, and Bureau of Indian Affairs. Similarly, the funding for these five agencies comprised roughly three-quarters of the total funds included in the FY2023 President’s request, House-passed bill, and Senate-introduced bill as well as the FY2022 enacted appropriations law. The FY2023 appropriations law provided advance appropriations (for FY2024) for the Indian Health Service, totaling $5.13 billion. The FY2023 Senate-introduced appropriations bill contained (FY2024) advance appropriations ($5.58 billion) for this agency, though the FY2023 President’s request, FY2023 House-passed bill, and FY2022 annual appropriations law did not. The FY2023 enacted appropriation of $41.47 billion was $950.0 million higher than the FY2022 enacted appropriation. It included higher total funding for DOI agencies and EPA, and lower funding for Related Agencies. The FY2023 enacted appropriation was $7.32 billion less than the President requested ($48.78 billion), $5.93 billion less than passed by the House ($47.39 billion), and $3.37 billion less than included in a Senate-introduced bill ($44.83 billion). The FY2023 enacted appropriation also contained less funding for each of the major titles of the bill than had been requested by the President, approved by the House, and included in the Senate-introduced bill. It is unclear whether and to what extent the FY2023 enacted appropriation was affected by the earlier enactment of laws providing monies that could be used in FY2023 (e.g., P.L. 117-58, the Infrastructure and Jobs Act, and P.L. 117-169, commonly called the Inflation Reduction Act). In earlier action, for FY2023, President Biden had requested a total of $48.78 billion, including $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the discretionary cap adjustment, and $8.91 billion in mandatory appropriations for the Indian Health Service. On July 20, 2022, the House passed H.R. 8294, with $47.39 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies (in H.R. 8294, Division E). This total included $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the cap adjustment and discretionary appropriations of $8.12 billion for the Indian Health Service, though the President had sought mandatory appropriations for this agency. S. 4686, as introduced in the Senate on July 28, 2022, contained $44.83 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, including $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the cap adjustment. In addition to the $44.83 billion, S. 4686 contained $2.28 billion in FY2023 emergencybill are enacted before then.
In earlier action, for FY2023, President Biden requested $48.78 billion for the roughly three dozen agencies and entities in
the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill. This total included $37.32 billion in regular
appropriations and $2.55 billion for certain wildfire suppression activities under an adjustment to discretionary spending
limits for FY2023. It also reflected $8.91 billion in mandatory appropriations for the Indian Health Service. Title III agencies
collectively would receive most of the funding—about 41% of the total—with 35% for DOI agencies in Title I and 24% for
EPA in Title II.
On July 20, 2022, the House passed H.R. 8294, with $47.39 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies (in
Division E). This total included $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the cap adjustment. The House-passed bill
included discretionary appropriations of $8.12 billion for the Indian Health Service, though the President sought mandatory
appropriations for this agency. The allocation of appropriations among the titles was similar to the allocation under the
President’s request.
S. 4686, as introduced in the Senate on July 28, 2022, contained $44.83 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related
Agencies. As in the President’s request and the House-passed bill, the total in this bill included $2.55 billion for wildfire
suppression under the cap adjustment. The Senate-introduced bill included discretionary appropriations of $7.38 billion for
the Indian Health Service. The allocation of appropriations among titles of the bill was 40% for Title III agencies, 36% for
DOI agencies, and 24% for EPA in Title II. In addition to the $44.83 billion, S. 4686 contained $2.28 billion in FY2023
emergency appropriations for disaster recovery and emergency response of several agencies, as well as $5.58 billion in
advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, with the funding becoming available for obligation in FY2024.
The FY2023 requested, House-passed, and Senate-introduced appropriations would provide varying amounts of higher
funding than FY2022 regular enacted appropriations of $40.52 billion in P.L. 117-103, Division G. Moreover, the FY2023
request, House-passed bill, and Senate-introduced bill would provide varying increases over the FY2022 regular
appropriations for each of the three major titles of the Interior bill and for most agencies in the bill. Additional appropriations appropriations
for FY2022 enacted earlier in other laws (e.g., P.L. 117-43, P.L. 117-58) may have impacted the level of regular
appropriations enactedfor disaster recovery and emergency response of several agencies and $5.58 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, with the funding becoming available for obligation in FY2024. .
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Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations

Appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, by Major Title, FY2022-FY2023

Source:: Prepared by CRS with data from the House and Senate Appropriations Committees. Prepared by CRS with data from the House and Senate Appropriations Committees.
Notes: In general, amounts reflected in the figure represent regular annual appropriations for the pertinent fiscal year (FY2022 or FY2023) and exclude supplemental, mandatory, and advance appropriations, including those referenced below. The FY2022 enacted totalThe FY2022 total shown excludes mandatory appropriations in P.L. 117-169, often called the Inflation Reduction Act excludes mandatory appropriations in P.L. 117-169, often called the Inflation Reduction Act of
2022.. (The total amount of funding for agencies within the Interior bill is not readily available.) It also excludes $1.78 It also excludes $1.78 bil ionbillion in FY2022 emergency supplemental appropriations for multiple agencies for disaster relief, in FY2022 emergency supplemental appropriations for multiple agencies for disaster relief,
contained in Division Bcontained in Division B of, the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022, of P.L. 117-43, the Extending Government the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022, of P.L. 117-43, the Extending Government
Funding and Delivering Emergency Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act. The FY2023 enacted total excludes $5.13 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, which become available for obligation in FY2024. It also excludes $6.15 billion in emergency supplemental appropriations for disasters contained in Division N, the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023, of P.L. 117-328, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023. The FY2022 and FY2023 enacted totals exclude money in Assistance Act. Further, it excludes a total of $95.71 bil ion for multiple agencies contained in
Division J, Appropriations, of P.L. 117-58, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Division J, Appropriations, of P.L. 117-58, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, enacted on November 15, 2021. The law contained a total of $95.71 billion for multiple agencies, composed of the followingcomposed of the fol owing amounts: $33.56 amounts: $33.56
bil ionbillion in FY2022 emergency appropriations for multiple agencies, $6.11 in FY2022 emergency appropriations for multiple agencies, $6.11 bil ion billion in advance appropriations for EPA, and $56.04 in advance appropriations for EPA, and $56.04 bil ion
billion in emergency advance appropriations for multiple agenciesin emergency advance appropriations for multiple agencies (the advance appropriations. Advance appropriations would become available for obligation in future become available for obligation in future
fiscal yearsfiscal years).
rather than in FY2022. For FY2023, the President did not request discretionary appropriations for the Indian Health Service. Instead, the President For FY2023, the President did not request discretionary appropriations for the Indian Health Service. Instead, the President
requested $8.91 requested $8.91 bil ionbillion in mandatory appropriations for the agency, and these appropriations are reflected in the figure. House- in mandatory appropriations for the agency, and these appropriations are reflected in the figure. House-
passed appropriations for FY2023 were contained in H.R. 8294, Division E. Senate-introduced appropriations were contained in S. passed appropriations for FY2023 were contained in H.R. 8294, Division E. Senate-introduced appropriations were contained in S.
4686. The Senate-introduced total shown in the figure excludes $5.58 4686. The Senate-introduced total shown in the figure excludes $5.58 bil ionbillion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service,
which would become available for obligation in FY2024. It also excludes $2.28 which would become available for obligation in FY2024. It also excludes $2.28 bil ionbillion in FY2023 emergency appropriations provided in FY2023 emergency appropriations provided
in Title V of the in Title V of the bil bill, for disaster recovery and response of several agencies. , for disaster recovery and response of several agencies.


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Contents
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1
Overview of FY2023 Legislative Action .................................................................................. 2
Overview of Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies ............................................................. 3
Title I. Department of the Interior ............................................................................................. 34
Title II. Environmental Protection Agency ............................................................................... 6
Title III. Related Agencies......................................................................................................... 67
FY2023 Appropriations ................................................................................................................... 78
Components of President Biden’s Request ............................................................................... 8
Components of H.R. 8294, Division E, as Passed the House ................................................... 89
Components of S. 4686, as Introduced in the Senate ................................................................ 9
Comparison of FY2023 Appropriations Action with FY2022 Regular Enacted
AppropriationsComponents of FY2023 Enacted Appropriation ...................................................................... 10 Comparison of FY2023 and FY2022 Regular Appropriations ............................................... 10

Figures
Figure 1. Appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, by Major Title,
FY2022-FY2023 ......................................................................................................................... 11 12

Tables
Table 1. Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: FY2022-FY2023 Appropriations ............ 11 13

Contacts
Author Information ........................................................................................................................ 1415


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Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations

Introduction
This report focuses on FY2023 discretionary appropriations for Interior, Environment, and This report focuses on FY2023 discretionary appropriations for Interior, Environment, and
Related Agencies.Related Agencies.1 Issues for Congress Issues for Congress includeincluded determining the amount of funding for agencies determining the amount of funding for agencies
and programs in the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill—often and programs in the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill—often
called the Interior bill—and the terms and conditions of such funding. called the Interior bill—and the terms and conditions of such funding.
This report focuses on the regular This report focuses on the regular, annual (annual) appropriations for the Interior bill. It first presents a appropriations for the Interior bill. It first presents a
short overview of FY2023 legislative action. It next provides an overview of the agencies and short overview of FY2023 legislative action. It next provides an overview of the agencies and
other entities funded in the Interior bill. The report then describes the FY2023 appropriations for other entities funded in the Interior bill. The report then describes the FY2023 appropriations for
Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies requested by President Biden, passed by the House, Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies requested by President Biden, passed by the House,
and contained in a bill introduced in the Senatecontained in a bill introduced in the Senate. Subsequently, it briefly compares FY2023
appropriations in the President’s request, House-passed bill, and Senate-introduced bill with
FY2022 regular enacted appropriations.2, and enacted into law. Subsequently, it briefly compares FY2022 enacted and FY2023 regular appropriations.1 Finally, the report provides a table showing each Finally, the report provides a table showing each
agency’s regular appropriations enacted for FY2022, requested by the President for FY2023, agency’s regular appropriations enacted for FY2022, requested by the President for FY2023,
passed by the House for FY2023, passed by the House for FY2023, and contained in a bill introduced in the Senate for FY2023contained in a bill introduced in the Senate for FY2023, and enacted into law for FY2023. .
Agency and bill totals in this report generally reflect rescissions. Agency and bill totals in this report generally reflect rescissions.
Supplemental Appropriations for FY2022Mandatory, Supplemental, and Advance Appropriations
This report does not detail This report does not detail supplemental appropriations for FY2022 or advance appropriations (for future fiscal
years)mandatory, supplemental, and advance appropriations for Interior, Environment, and for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. Related Agencies. More specifically, For example, the FY2022 total in this report excludes the FY2022 total in this report excludes
mandatory appropriations in P.L. 117-169, often referred to as the Inflation Reduction Act mandatory appropriations in P.L. 117-169, often referred to as the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. That law
contained(IRA). The IRA provided FY2022 appropriations FY2022 appropriations forto various various agencies for diverse purposes, with the monies available for multiple fiscal years (e.g., through FY2026 or FY2031) depending on the programagencies in the Interior bil for diverse purposes. For instance, the . For instance, the
Forest Service received $5.00 bil ion for forest management, planning, and restoration activities. Among other Forest Service received $5.00 bil ion for forest management, planning, and restoration activities. Among other
agencies and programs, the Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, U.S. agencies and programs, the Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, U.S.
Geological Survey, Bureau of Indian Affairs, and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also received funding Geological Survey, Bureau of Indian Affairs, and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also received funding
under P.L. 117-169under the IRA. The total amount of . The total amount of mandatory funding provided to agencies within the Interior bil under P.L. 117-169 is funding provided to agencies within the Interior bil under P.L. 117-169 is
not readily available.not readily available.
This report also excludes emergency supplemental appropriations for FY2022 In addition, many of the agencies that receive discretionary appropriations through the Interior bil also receive mandatory appropriations under various authorizing statutes, and these mandatory appropriations are not reflected herein. (For information on mandatory appropriations of the four main federal land management agencies—Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife Service, Forest Service, and National Park Service—see CRS Report R45994, Federal Land Management Agencies’ Mandatory Appropriations Accounts, coordinated by Carol Hardy Vincent.) This report also excludes emergency supplemental appropriations, for disasters and other purposes. For example, it excludes FY2022 appropriations of $1.78 bil ion contained in of $1.78 bil ion contained in
Division BDivision B of, the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022, of P.L. 117-43, the Extending the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022, of P.L. 117-43, the Extending
Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act.Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act. In addition, the FY2022 total Similarly, it excludes FY2023 appropriations of $6.15 bil ion contained in Division N, the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023, of P.L. 117-328, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023. In addition, the FY2022 and FY2023 totals in this report exclude in this report
excludes appropriations contained in Division J, Appropriations, of P.L. 117-58, the Infrastructure Investment and appropriations contained in Division J, Appropriations, of P.L. 117-58, the Infrastructure Investment and
Jobs Act. This law contained a total of $95.71 bil ion for multiple agencies in the Interior bil , composed of the Jobs Act. This law contained a total of $95.71 bil ion for multiple agencies in the Interior bil , composed of the
fol owing amounts: $33.56 bil ion in FY2022 emergency appropriations for multiple agencies, $6.11 bil ion in fol owing amounts: $33.56 bil ion in FY2022 emergency appropriations for multiple agencies, $6.11 bil ion in
advance appropriations for EPA, and $56.04 bil ion in emergency advance appropriations for multiple agencies. advance appropriations for EPA, and $56.04 bil ion in emergency advance appropriations for multiple agencies.
Advance appropriations would become available for obligation in future fiscal years rather than in FY2022Advance appropriations would become available for obligation in future fiscal years rather than in FY2022. The
, with $13.51 bil ion becoming available in FY2023.2 The totals shown in this report for both P.L. 117-43 and P.L. 117-58 are from the totals shown in this report for both P.L. 117-43 and P.L. 117-58 are from the Congressional Record, vol. 168, no. 42, , vol. 168, no. 42,
book IV (March 9, 2022), pp. H2657-H2667. See this source for detail on agencies and accounts that received book IV (March 9, 2022), pp. H2657-H2667. See this source for detail on agencies and accounts that received
funding under these laws.
Appropriations are complex. Budget justifications for some agencies are large (often hundreds of
pages long) and contain numerous funding, programmatic, and legislative changes for

1 Hereinafter, the annual Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill is sometimes referred to as
the Interior bill. Many of the agencies that receive discretionary appropriations through the Interior bill also receive
mandatory appropriations under various authorizing statutes. In general, this report does not address mandatory
appropriations. For information on mandatory appropriations of the four main federal land management agencies—
Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife Service, Forest Service, and National Park Service—see CRS Report
R45994, Federal Land Management Agencies’ Mandatory Appropriations Accounts, coordinated by Carol Hardy
Vincent.
2funding under these laws. 1 Regular appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies for FY2022 were included in Division G, Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2022, of P.L. 117-103, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022. Regular appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies for Regular appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies for FY2022FY2023 were included in Division G, were included in Division G,
Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 20222023, of P.L. 117-, of P.L. 117-103328, the , the
Consolidated Appropriations Act, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022.
2023. 2 This figure is taken from the Congressional Record, December 20, 2022, p. S8872 and S8873. Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

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Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations

Appropriations are complex. Budget justifications for some agencies are large (often hundreds of pages long) and contain numerous funding, programmatic, and legislative changes for congressional consideration. Further, appropriations laws provide funds for numerous accounts, congressional consideration. Further, appropriations laws provide funds for numerous accounts,
activities, and sub-activities, and their accompanying explanatory statements provide additional activities, and sub-activities, and their accompanying explanatory statements provide additional
directives and other important information. This report does not provide in-depth information at directives and other important information. This report does not provide in-depth information at
the agency, account, and subaccount levels, nor does it generally detail budgetary reorganizations the agency, account, and subaccount levels, nor does it generally detail budgetary reorganizations
or legislative changes proposed or legislative changes proposed or enacted for FY2023. For information on a particular agency or on for FY2023. For information on a particular agency or on
individual accounts, programs, or activities administered by a particular agency, see the individual accounts, programs, or activities administered by a particular agency, see the
Congressional Research Service (CRS) products provided in footnotes throughout this report or Congressional Research Service (CRS) products provided in footnotes throughout this report or
contact the key policy staff listed at the end of this report.3 In addition, selected reports related to contact the key policy staff listed at the end of this report.3 In addition, selected reports related to
appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, such as individual agencies (e.g., appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, such as individual agencies (e.g.,
National Park Service) or crosscutting programs (e.g., Wildland Fire Management), are listed National Park Service) or crosscutting programs (e.g., Wildland Fire Management), are listed
under “Interior & Environment Appropriations” on the “Appropriations” Issue Area page on the under “Interior & Environment Appropriations” on the “Appropriations” Issue Area page on the
CRS website.4 CRS website.4
Overview of FY2023 Legislative Action
Currently, for FY2023, Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies are receiving appropriations
under a continuing resolution (CR) that generally provides funds for agencies and activities in the
bill at FY2022 levels (as contained in P.L. 117-103, Division G). However, the CR provided
exceptions for certain agencies and activities in the Interior bill—namely, Indian Health Service
programs, DOI’s Working Capital Fund, and the National Park Service’s National Heritage Areas
program. The CR is in effect through December 16, 2022, unless appropriations for the Interior
bill are enacted before then.
In earlier action, forFor FY2023, President Biden requested $48.78 billion for the roughly three FY2023, President Biden requested $48.78 billion for the roughly three
dozen agencies and entities funded in the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies dozen agencies and entities funded in the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
appropriations bill. This total included $2.55 billion for certain wildfire suppression activities appropriations bill. This total included $2.55 billion for certain wildfire suppression activities
under an adjustment to discretionary spending limits for FY2023. Under law, an adjustment can under an adjustment to discretionary spending limits for FY2023. Under law, an adjustment can
be made to discretionary spending limits to accommodate enacted funding for wildfire be made to discretionary spending limits to accommodate enacted funding for wildfire
suppression.5 The total of $48.78 billion reflects $8.91 billion in suppression.5 The total of $48.78 billion reflects $8.91 billion in mandatory appropriations that appropriations that
the President requested for the Indian Health Service; the President did not seek the President requested for the Indian Health Service; the President did not seek discretionary
appropriations for this agency. appropriations for this agency.
On July 20, 2022, the House passed H.R. 8294, with $47.39 billion in appropriations for Interior, On July 20, 2022, the House passed H.R. 8294, with $47.39 billion in appropriations for Interior,
Environment, and Related Agencies in Division E. Environment, and Related Agencies in Division E. (Hereinafter, this bill typically is referred to as the House-passed bill). This total included $2.55 billion for wildfire This total included $2.55 billion for wildfire
suppression under the discretionary cap adjustment, as requested by the President, and $8.12 suppression under the discretionary cap adjustment, as requested by the President, and $8.12
billion in discretionary appropriations for the Indian Health Service, although the President billion in discretionary appropriations for the Indian Health Service, although the President
sought mandatory appropriations for this agency. On July 1, 2022, the House Appropriations sought mandatory appropriations for this agency. On July 1, 2022, the House Appropriations
Committee had reported H.R. 8262 (accompanied by H.Rept. 117-400), with the same overall totals as included in the House-passed bill. On July 28, 2022, the chair of the Senate Committee on Appropriations released draft Interior bill text and a draft accompanying explanatory statement for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies for FY2023. On the same day, S. 4686 was introduced, reflecting the draft bill text.
3 This report provides in footnotes the most recent CRS products covering appropriations for agencies in the Interior 3 This report provides in footnotes the most recent CRS products covering appropriations for agencies in the Interior
bill. bill.
4 The “Interior & Environment Appropriations” subissue page is on the CRS website at https://www.crs.gov/iap/ 4 The “Interior & Environment Appropriations” subissue page is on the CRS website at https://www.crs.gov/iap/
appropriations (under “All Subissues”). appropriations (under “All Subissues”).
5 This authority is contained in Division O, the Wildfire Suppression Funding and Forest Management Activities Act, 5 This authority is contained in Division O, the Wildfire Suppression Funding and Forest Management Activities Act,
of P.L. 115-141, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018. The adjustment may not exceed specified amounts for of P.L. 115-141, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018. The adjustment may not exceed specified amounts for
each of FY2020-FY2027. For information on discretionary spending limits, see CRS In Focus IF10647, each of FY2020-FY2027. For information on discretionary spending limits, see CRS In Focus IF10647, The Budget
Resolution and the Budget Control Act’s Discretionary Spending Limits, by Megan S. Lynch; CRS Report R44874, , by Megan S. Lynch; CRS Report R44874, The
Budget Control Act: Frequently Asked Questions, by Grant A. Driessen and Megan S. Lynch; and CRS Report R45778, , by Grant A. Driessen and Megan S. Lynch; and CRS Report R45778,
Exceptions to the Budget Control Act’s Discretionary Spending Limits, by Megan S. Lynch, especially the “Wildfire , by Megan S. Lynch, especially the “Wildfire
Suppression” section. For a discussion of the cap adjustment for wildfire suppression, see CRS In Focus IF12142, Suppression” section. For a discussion of the cap adjustment for wildfire suppression, see CRS In Focus IF12142,
Funding for Wildfire Management: FY2023 Appropriations for Forest Service and Department of the Interior, by Katie , by Katie
Hoover, and CRS Report R46583, Hoover, and CRS Report R46583, Federal Wildfire Management: Ten-Year Funding Trends and Issues (FY2011-
FY2020), by Katie Hoover. , by Katie Hoover.
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Committee had reported H.R. 8262 (accompanied by H.Rept. 117-400), with the same overall
totals as included in the House-passed bill.
On July 28, 2022, the chair of the Senate Committee on Appropriations released draft Interior bill
text and a draft accompanying explanatory statement for Interior, Environment, and Related
Agencies for FY2023.6 On the same day, S. 4686 was introduced, reflecting the draft bill text.
The bill contained a total of $44.83(Hereinafter, this bill typically is referred to as the Senate-introduced bill.) The bill contained a total of $44.83 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies for FY2023, including $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the cap adjustment and discretionary appropriations of $7.38 billion for the Indian Health Service. Additionally, the Senate-introduced bill contained $5.58 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, with the funding becoming available for obligation in FY2024, and $2.28 billion in FY2023 emergency appropriations for disaster recovery and emergency response of several agencies. On December 29, 2022, the President signed into law a measure containing $41.47 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies for billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies for
FY2023, including $2.55 FY2023. These appropriations were contained in Division G, Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2023, of P.L. 117-328, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023. This total includes $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the billion for wildfire suppression under the discretionary cap adjustment. The law contained an additional $5.13 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service for FY2024 not reflected in the $41.47 billion figure.6 As FY2023 appropriations had not been enacted at the start of the fiscal year on October 1, 2022, Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies received appropriations under a continuing resolution (CR) for the period from October 1 until P.L. 117-328 was enacted.7 The CR generally provided funds for agencies and activities at FY2022 levels (as contained in P.L. 117-103, Division G). However, the CR provided specific provisions for FY2023 funding for certain agencies and activities in the Interior bill—namely, Indian Health Service programs, DOI’s Working Capital Fund, and the National Park Service’s National Heritage Areas programcap adjustment and
discretionary appropriations of $7.38 billion for the Indian Health Service. Additionally, the
Senate-introduced bill contained $5.58 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health
Service, with the funding becoming available for obligation in FY2024, and $2.28 billion in
FY2023 emergency appropriations for disaster recovery and emergency response of several
agencies. .
Overview of Interior, Environment, and
Related Agencies
The annual Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill includes funding and The annual Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill includes funding and
other provisions for agencies and programs in three federal departments and for numerous related other provisions for agencies and programs in three federal departments and for numerous related
agencies. The Interior bill typically contains three primary appropriations titles and a fourth title agencies. The Interior bill typically contains three primary appropriations titles and a fourth title
with general provisions.with general provisions.78 Title I provides funding for most agencies in the Department of the Title I provides funding for most agencies in the Department of the
Interior (DOI),Interior (DOI),89 many of which manage land and other natural resource or regulatory programs. many of which manage land and other natural resource or regulatory programs.
Title I also typically includes general provisions related to DOI agencies. Title II contains Title I also typically includes general provisions related to DOI agencies. Title II contains
appropriations and administrative provisions for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). appropriations and administrative provisions for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Title III, Related Agencies, generally funds about two dozen other entities, including the Forest Title III, Related Agencies, generally funds about two dozen other entities, including the Forest
Service in the Department of Agriculture; the Indian Health Service in the Department of Health
and Human Services; arts and cultural agencies, including the Smithsonian Institution; and
various other organizations and entities. Title III also contains administrative provisions for some
agencies funded therein. Title IV, General Provisions, typically contains additional guidance and
direction for agencies in the bill. The following sections briefly describe selected major agencies
in the Interior bill.
Title I. Department of the Interior9
DOI’s mission is to conserve and manage the nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage;
provide scientific and other information about those resources; and exercise trust responsibilities

6 Hereinafter, this draft statement is sometimes referred to as the Senate committee majority draft explanatory
statement.
7 6 For information on advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, see CRS Insight IN12087, Advance Appropriations for the Indian Health Service (IHS), by Elayne J. Heisler and Jessica Tollestrup and CRS Report R46265, Advance Appropriations for the Indian Health Service: Issues and Options for Congress, by Elayne J. Heisler and Kate P. McClanahan. 7 Division A of P.L. 117-180 provided continuing appropriations through December 16, 2022. Division A of P.L. 117-229 extended continuing appropriations through December 23, 2022. Division A of P.L. 117-264 extended continuing appropriations through December 30, 2022. 8 On occasion, the House, Senate, or enacted version of the Interior bill has contained additional titles. For instance, S. On occasion, the House, Senate, or enacted version of the Interior bill has contained additional titles. For instance, S.
4686, the FY2023 Interior appropriations bill introduced in the Senate, contains a Title V, with emergency 4686, the FY2023 Interior appropriations bill introduced in the Senate, contains a Title V, with emergency
appropriations for disaster recovery and emergency response of several agencies. appropriations for disaster recovery and emergency response of several agencies.
89 The exceptions are the Bureau of Reclamation and the Central Utah Project, which receive appropriations through The exceptions are the Bureau of Reclamation and the Central Utah Project, which receive appropriations through
Energy and Water Development appropriations laws. For information on appropriations for these entities, see CRS Energy and Water Development appropriations laws. For information on appropriations for these entities, see CRS
Report Report R46857R47293, , Energy and Water Development: FY2022FY2023 Appropriations, by Mark Holt and , by Mark Holt and Corrie E. ClarkAnna E. Normand, and CRS , and CRS
In Focus IF12127, In Focus IF12127, Bureau of Reclamation: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations, by Charles V. Stern. , by Charles V. Stern.
9 For additional background on the Department of the Interior (DOI) and its agencies, see CRS Report R45480, U.S.
Department of the Interior: An Overview, by Mark K. DeSantis.
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Congressional Research Service 3 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations Service in the Department of Agriculture; the Indian Health Service in the Department of Health and Human Services; arts and cultural agencies, including the Smithsonian Institution; and various other organizations and entities. Title III also contains administrative provisions for some agencies funded therein. Title IV, General Provisions, typically contains additional guidance and direction for agencies in the bill. The following sections briefly describe selected major agencies in the Interior bill. Title I. Department of the Interior10 DOI’s mission is to conserve and manage the nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage; provide scientific and other information about those resources; and exercise trust responsibilities and other commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated island communities.and other commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated island communities.1011
There are nine major DOI agencies and two other broad accounts funded in the Interior bill that There are nine major DOI agencies and two other broad accounts funded in the Interior bill that
carry out this mission. Hereinafter, these 11 entities are referred to collectively as the carry out this mission. Hereinafter, these 11 entities are referred to collectively as the DOI
agencies. The DOI agencies and their functions funded in the Interior bill include the following: . The DOI agencies and their functions funded in the Interior bill include the following:
 The  The Bureau of Land Management administers about 244 million acres of federal administers about 244 million acres of federal
public land, mostly in the West, for diverse uses such as energy and mineral public land, mostly in the West, for diverse uses such as energy and mineral
development, livestock grazing, recreation, and preservation. The agency also development, livestock grazing, recreation, and preservation. The agency also
administers roughly 710 million acres of federal onshore subsurface mineral administers roughly 710 million acres of federal onshore subsurface mineral
estate throughout the nation and supervises the mineral operations on about 59 estate throughout the nation and supervises the mineral operations on about 59
million acres of Indian trust lands.million acres of Indian trust lands.1112
 The  The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service administers 89 million acres of federal land administers 89 million acres of federal land
within the National Wildlife Refuge System and other areas, within the National Wildlife Refuge System and other areas,1213 including 77 including 77
million acres in Alaska. It also manages several large marine refuges and marine million acres in Alaska. It also manages several large marine refuges and marine
national monuments, sometimes jointly with other federal agencies. In addition, national monuments, sometimes jointly with other federal agencies. In addition,
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, together with the National Marine Fisheries the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, together with the National Marine Fisheries
Service (Department of Commerce), is responsible for implementing the Service (Department of Commerce), is responsible for implementing the
Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. §§1531 et seq.); promoting wildlife habitat; Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. §§1531 et seq.); promoting wildlife habitat;
enforcing federal wildlife laws; supporting wildlife and ecosystem science; enforcing federal wildlife laws; supporting wildlife and ecosystem science;
conserving migratory birds; administering grants to aid state fish and wildlife conserving migratory birds; administering grants to aid state fish and wildlife
programs; and coordinating with state, international, and other federal agencies programs; and coordinating with state, international, and other federal agencies
on fish and wildlife issues.on fish and wildlife issues.1314
 The  The National Park Service administers 81 million acres of federal land within the administers 81 million acres of federal land within the
National Park System, including National Park System, including 423424 separate units in the 50 states, District of separate units in the 50 states, District of
Columbia, and U.S. territories. Roughly two-thirds of the system’s lands are in Columbia, and U.S. territories. Roughly two-thirds of the system’s lands are in
Alaska. The National Park Service has a dual mission—to preserve unique Alaska. The National Park Service has a dual mission—to preserve unique
resources and to provide for their enjoyment by the public. The agency also resources and to provide for their enjoyment by the public. The agency also
supports and promotes some resource conservation activities outside the National
Park System through grant and technical assistance programs and cooperation
with partners.14
 The U.S. Geological Survey is a science agency that provides physical and
biological information related to geological resources; natural hazards; climate
and land use change; and energy, mineral, water, and biological sciences and
resources. In addition, it is the federal government’s principal civilian mapping

10 10 For additional background on the Department of the Interior (DOI) and its agencies, see CRS Report R45480, U.S. Department of the Interior: An Overview, by Mark K. DeSantis. 11 DOI, “About Interior,” at https://www.doi.gov/about. DOI, “About Interior,” at https://www.doi.gov/about.
1112 For an overview of FY2023 appropriations for the Bureau of Land Management, see CRS In Focus IF12187, For an overview of FY2023 appropriations for the Bureau of Land Management, see CRS In Focus IF12187, Bureau
of Land Management: FY2023 Appropriations, by Carol Hardy Vincent. , by Carol Hardy Vincent.
1213 This is the acreage over which the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has primary jurisdiction in the United States and This is the acreage over which the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has primary jurisdiction in the United States and
the territories. The figure excludes acreage in marine national monuments over which the agency also has jurisdiction. the territories. The figure excludes acreage in marine national monuments over which the agency also has jurisdiction.
1314 For additional information on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, see CRS Report R45265, For additional information on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, see CRS Report R45265, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service: An Overview, by R. Eliot Crafton. For an overview of FY2022 appropriations for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife , by R. Eliot Crafton. For an overview of FY2022 appropriations for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, see CRS In Focus IF11925, Service, see CRS In Focus IF11925, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: FY2022 Appropriations, by R. Eliot Crafton. , by R. Eliot Crafton.
14 For a discussion of the different types of national park units and an overview of their management, see CRS Report
R41816, National Park System: What Do the Different Park Titles Signify?, by Laura B. Comay. For an overview of
FY2023 appropriations for the National Park Service, see CRS In Focus IF12112, National Park Service: FY2023
Appropriations, by Laura B. Comay. For an overview of National Park Service appropriations in recent years, see CRS
Report R42757, National Park Service (NPS) Appropriations: Ten-Year Trends, by Laura B. Comay.
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Congressional Research Service 4 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations supports and promotes some resource conservation activities outside the National Park System through grant and technical assistance programs and cooperation with partners.15  The U.S. Geological Survey is a science agency that provides physical and biological information related to geological resources; natural hazards; climate and land use change; and energy, mineral, water, and biological sciences and resources. In addition, it is the federal government’s principal civilian mapping agency (e.g., topographical and geological mapping) and a primary source of data agency (e.g., topographical and geological mapping) and a primary source of data
on the quantity and quality of the nation’s water resources (e.g., streamgaging).on the quantity and quality of the nation’s water resources (e.g., streamgaging).1516
 The  The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management manages development of the nation’s manages development of the nation’s
offshore conventional and renewable energy resources in the Atlantic and Pacific offshore conventional and renewable energy resources in the Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Alaska region. These resources are in areas Oceans, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Alaska region. These resources are in areas
covering approximately 2.5 billion acres located beyond state waters. This covering approximately 2.5 billion acres located beyond state waters. This
acreage is off all coastal states, although much of it (more than 1 billion acres) is acreage is off all coastal states, although much of it (more than 1 billion acres) is
in the Alaska region.in the Alaska region.1617
 The  The Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement provides regulatory and provides regulatory and
safety oversight for resource development on the outer continental shelf. Among safety oversight for resource development on the outer continental shelf. Among
the bureau’s responsibilities are oil and gas permitting, facility inspections, the bureau’s responsibilities are oil and gas permitting, facility inspections,
environmental compliance, and oil spill response planning.environmental compliance, and oil spill response planning.1718
 The  The Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement works with states works with states
and tribes to reclaim abandoned coal mining sites. The agency also regulates and tribes to reclaim abandoned coal mining sites. The agency also regulates
active coal mining sites to minimize environmental impacts during mining and to active coal mining sites to minimize environmental impacts during mining and to
reclaim affected lands and waters after mining.reclaim affected lands and waters after mining.1819
 The  The Bureau of Indian Education funds and provides education to Indian tribes funds and provides education to Indian tribes
and Alaska Natives. The agency funds an elementary and secondary school and Alaska Natives. The agency funds an elementary and secondary school
system, institutions of higher education, and other educational programs.system, institutions of higher education, and other educational programs.1920
 The  The Bureau of Indian Affairs provides and funds various services to American provides and funds various services to American
Indians and Alaska Natives. The agency is responsible for programs that include Indians and Alaska Natives. The agency is responsible for programs that include
government operations, courts, law enforcement, fire protection, social programs, government operations, courts, law enforcement, fire protection, social programs,
roads, economic development, employment assistance, housing repair, irrigation, roads, economic development, employment assistance, housing repair, irrigation,
dams, Indian rights protection, implementation of land and water settlements, and
management of trust assets (real estate and natural resources).20

15 15 For a discussion of the different types of national park units and an overview of their management, see CRS Report R41816, National Park System: What Do the Different Park Titles Signify?, by Laura B. Comay. For an overview of FY2023 appropriations for the National Park Service, see CRS In Focus IF12112, National Park Service: FY2023 Appropriations, by Laura B. Comay. For an overview of National Park Service appropriations in recent years, see CRS Report R42757, National Park Service (NPS) Appropriations: Ten-Year Trends, by Laura B. Comay. 16 For an overview of FY2023 appropriations for the U.S. Geological Survey, see CRS In Focus IF12097, For an overview of FY2023 appropriations for the U.S. Geological Survey, see CRS In Focus IF12097, The U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS): FY2023 Appropriations and BackgroundBackground and FY2023 Appropriations, by Anna E. Normand. , by Anna E. Normand.
1617 For a discussion of state and federal waters, see CRS Report RL33404, For a discussion of state and federal waters, see CRS Report RL33404, Offshore Oil and Gas Development: Legal
Framework, by Adam Vann. For an overview of FY2023 appropriations for the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, , by Adam Vann. For an overview of FY2023 appropriations for the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management,
see CRS In Focus IF12204, see CRS In Focus IF12204, Offshore Energy Agency Appropriations, FY2023, by Laura B. Comay. , by Laura B. Comay.
1718 For an overview of FY2023 appropriations for the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, see CRS In For an overview of FY2023 appropriations for the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, see CRS In
Focus IF12204, Focus IF12204, Offshore Energy Agency Appropriations, FY2023, by Laura B. Comay. , by Laura B. Comay.
1819 For additional information on the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, see CRS In Focus For additional information on the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, see CRS In Focus
IF11352, IF11352, The Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund: Issues and Legislation in the 117th Congress, by Lance N. Larson, , by Lance N. Larson,
and CRS Report R46610, and CRS Report R46610, Reclamation of Coal Mining Operations: Select Issues and Legislation, by Lance N. Larson. , by Lance N. Larson.
1920 For a discussion of Indian education programs, see CRS Report RL34205, For a discussion of Indian education programs, see CRS Report RL34205, Indian Elementary-Secondary Education:
Programs, Background, and Issues, by Cassandria Dortch, and CRS In Focus IF10554, , by Cassandria Dortch, and CRS In Focus IF10554, Postsecondary Education of
Native Americans, by Cassandria Dortch. , by Cassandria Dortch.
20 For an overview of FY2022 appropriations for the Bureau of Indian Affairs, see CRS In Focus IF11899, The Bureau
of Indian Affairs: FY2022 Appropriations, by Tana Fitzpatrick. Both the Bureau of Indian Education and the Bureau of
Indian Affairs received FY2022 appropriations under the heading Indian Affairs in the FY2022 Interior appropriations
law. Under that heading, the FY2022 appropriations law also contained appropriations for the Office of the Special
Trustee for American Indians. For FY2023, the President’s request instead sought funding for the Bureau of Trust
Funds Administration in anticipation of the termination of the Office of the Special Trustee for American Indians. For
additional information, see DOI, Budget Justifications and Performance Information, Fiscal Year 2023, Bureau of
Trust Funds Administration, at https://doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/fy2023-btfa-greenbook_0.pdf.
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Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations
Congressional Research Service 5 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations dams, Indian rights protection, implementation of land and water settlements, and management of trust assets (real estate and natural resources).21
  Departmental Offices covers diverse offices and programs. In the covers diverse offices and programs. In the FY2022FY2023
appropriations law, appropriations law, it covered the Office of the Secretary of the Interior, Insular it covered the Office of the Secretary of the Interior, Insular
Affairs, the Office of the Solicitor, and the Office of Inspector General.Affairs, the Office of the Solicitor, and the Office of Inspector General.2122
  Department-Wide Programs covers varied programs and entities. In the covers varied programs and entities. In the FY2022FY2023
appropriations law, it covered DOI Wildland Fire Management, appropriations law, it covered DOI Wildland Fire Management,2223 the Central the Central
Hazardous Materials Fund, the Energy Community Revitalization Program, the Hazardous Materials Fund, the Energy Community Revitalization Program, the
Natural Resource Damage Assessment Fund, the Working Capital Fund, and the Natural Resource Damage Assessment Fund, the Working Capital Fund, and the
Office of Natural Resources Revenue.Office of Natural Resources Revenue.2324
Title II. Environmental Protection Agency
EPA EPA has no organic statute establishing an overall mission; rather, the agency administers various administers various
environmental statutes that have an express or general objective to protect human health and the environmental statutes that have an express or general objective to protect human health and the
environment.environment. 25 Primary responsibilities include the implementation of federal statutes regulating air Primary responsibilities include the implementation of federal statutes regulating air
quality, water quality, drinking water safety, pesticides, toxic substances, management and quality, water quality, drinking water safety, pesticides, toxic substances, management and
disposal of solid and hazardous wastes, and cleanup of environmental contamination. EPA awards disposal of solid and hazardous wastes, and cleanup of environmental contamination. EPA awards
grants to assist states and local governments in implementing federal law and complying with grants to assist states and local governments in implementing federal law and complying with
federal requirements to control pollution. The agency also administers programs that provide federal requirements to control pollution. The agency also administers programs that provide
financial assistance for public wastewater and drinking water infrastructure projects.financial assistance for public wastewater and drinking water infrastructure projects.24
Title III. Related Agencies
In FY2023, Title III of the Interior bill funded about two dozen agencies, organizations, and other
entities collectively referred to as the related agencies. Among the related agencies funded in the
Interior bill, roughly 95% of the funding typically is provided to the following:
 The Forest Service in the Department of Agriculture manages 193 million acres
of federal land within the National Forest System—consisting of national forests,

2126 21 For an overview of FY2022 appropriations for the Bureau of Indian Affairs, see CRS In Focus IF11899, The Bureau of Indian Affairs: FY2022 Appropriations, by Tana Fitzpatrick. Both the Bureau of Indian Education and the Bureau of Indian Affairs received FY2023 appropriations under the heading Indian Affairs in the FY2023 Interior appropriations law. Under that heading, the FY2023 appropriations law also contained appropriations for the Office of the Special Trustee for American Indians. For FY2023, the President’s request instead sought funding for the Bureau of Trust Funds Administration in anticipation of the termination of the Office of the Special Trustee for American Indians. For additional information, see DOI, Budget Justifications and Performance Information, Fiscal Year 2023, Bureau of Trust Funds Administration, at https://doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/fy2023-btfa-greenbook_0.pdf. 22 An overview of these entities’ responsibilities is at DOI, “Bureaus & Offices,” at https://www.doi.gov/bureaus/ An overview of these entities’ responsibilities is at DOI, “Bureaus & Offices,” at https://www.doi.gov/bureaus/
offices. offices.
2223 For an overview of FY2023 appropriations for wildland fire management, see CRS In Focus IF12142, For an overview of FY2023 appropriations for wildland fire management, see CRS In Focus IF12142, Funding for
Wildfire Management: FY2023 Appropriations for Forest Service and Department of the Interior, by Katie Hoover. , by Katie Hoover.
For an overview of wildland fire management appropriations in recent years, see CRS Report R46583, For an overview of wildland fire management appropriations in recent years, see CRS Report R46583, Federal Wildfire
Management: Ten-Year Funding Trends and Issues (FY2011-FY2020), by Katie Hoover. , by Katie Hoover.
2324 Descriptions of these programs are on the DOI website as follows. For DOI wildland fire management, see Descriptions of these programs are on the DOI website as follows. For DOI wildland fire management, see
https://www.doi.gov/wildlandfire. For the Central Hazardous Materials Fund, see https://www.doi.gov/oepc/central-https://www.doi.gov/wildlandfire. For the Central Hazardous Materials Fund, see https://www.doi.gov/oepc/central-
hazardous-materials-fund-chf. For the Energy Community Revitalization Program and the Working Capital Fund, see hazardous-materials-fund-chf. For the Energy Community Revitalization Program and the Working Capital Fund, see
DOI,DOI, Budget Justifications and Performance Information, Fiscal Year 2023, Office of the Secretary, Department-Wide
Programs, at https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/fy2023-osdwp-greenbook.pdf. For the Natural Resource Damage , at https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/fy2023-osdwp-greenbook.pdf. For the Natural Resource Damage
Assessment Fund, see DOI, Assessment Fund, see DOI, Budget Justifications and Performance Information, Fiscal Year 2023, Natural Resource
Damage Assessment and Restoration Program, at https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/fy2023-nrdar-greenbook.pdf. at https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/fy2023-nrdar-greenbook.pdf.
For the Office of Natural Resources Revenue, see https://www.onrr.gov/. For FY2023, the President’s request also For the Office of Natural Resources Revenue, see https://www.onrr.gov/. For FY2023, the President’s request also
sought funding through this account for the Payments in Lieu of Taxes (PILT) Program, though the sought funding through this account for the Payments in Lieu of Taxes (PILT) Program, though the FY2022FY2023
appropriations law included PILT funding under a general provision.appropriations law included PILT funding under a general provision. For information on this program, see CRS Report For information on this program, see CRS Report
R46260, R46260, The Payments in Lieu of Taxes (PILT) Program: An Overview, by , by R. Eliot CraftonKatie Hoover, and DOI,, and DOI, Budget
Justifications and Performance Information, Fiscal Year 2023, Office of the Secretary, Department-Wide Programs¸ at at
https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/fy2023-osdwp-greenbook.pdf. https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/fy2023-osdwp-greenbook.pdf.
2425 EPA has no organic statute establishing an overall mission. 26 For an overview of FY2023 appropriations for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), see CRS In Focus For an overview of FY2023 appropriations for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), see CRS In Focus
IF12199IF12349, , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Appropriations: FY2023 President’s Budget RequestFY2023 Appropriations, by , by
Angela C. Jones. For a detailed compendium of environmental laws administered by EPA, see CRS Report RL30798,
Environmental Laws: Summaries of Major Statutes Administered by the Environmental Protection Agency, coordinated
by David M. Bearden.
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Angela C. Jones. Congressional Research Service 6 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations Title III. Related Agencies In FY2023, Title III of the Interior bill funded about two dozen agencies, organizations, and other entities collectively referred to as the related agencies. Among the related agencies funded in the Interior bill, roughly 95% of the funding typically is provided to the following:  The Forest Service in the Department of Agriculture manages 193 million acres of federal land within the National Forest System—consisting of national forests, national grasslands, and other areas—in 43 states, the Commonwealth of Puerto national grasslands, and other areas—in 43 states, the Commonwealth of Puerto
Rico, and the Virgin Islands. It also provides technical and financial assistance to Rico, and the Virgin Islands. It also provides technical and financial assistance to
states, tribes, and private forest landowners and conducts research on sustaining states, tribes, and private forest landowners and conducts research on sustaining
forest resources for future generations.forest resources for future generations.2527
 The  The Indian Health Service in the Department of Health and Human Services in the Department of Health and Human Services
provides medical and environmental health services for approximately 2.7 provides medical and environmental health services for approximately 2.7
million American Indians and Alaska Natives. Health care is provided through a million American Indians and Alaska Natives. Health care is provided through a
system of more than 600 hospitals, clinics, and health stations on or near Indian system of more than 600 hospitals, clinics, and health stations on or near Indian
reservations. The agency, tribes and tribal organizations, and urban Indian reservations. The agency, tribes and tribal organizations, and urban Indian
organizations operate these facilities and programs.organizations operate these facilities and programs.2628
 The  The Smithsonian Institution is a museum and research complex consisting of 21 is a museum and research complex consisting of 21
museums, the National Zoological Park ( museums, the National Zoological Park (National Zoo), and several research ), and several research
facilities throughout the United States and around the world.facilities throughout the United States and around the world.2729 Established by Established by
federal legislation in 1846 with the acceptance of a trust donation by the federal legislation in 1846 with the acceptance of a trust donation by the
institution’s namesake benefactor, the Smithsonian is funded by both federal institution’s namesake benefactor, the Smithsonian is funded by both federal
appropriations and a private trust.appropriations and a private trust.2830
 The  The National Endowment for the Arts and theand the National Endowment for the
Humanities make up the make up the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities. .
The National Endowment for the Arts is a major federal source of support for all The National Endowment for the Arts is a major federal source of support for all
arts disciplines. Since 1965, it has awarded more than 145,000 grants, which arts disciplines. Since 1965, it has awarded more than 145,000 grants, which
have been distributed to all states. The National Endowment for the Humanities have been distributed to all states. The National Endowment for the Humanities
generally supports grants for humanities education, research, preservation, and generally supports grants for humanities education, research, preservation, and
public humanities programs; creation of regional humanities centers; and public humanities programs; creation of regional humanities centers; and
development of humanities programs under the jurisdiction of state humanities development of humanities programs under the jurisdiction of state humanities
councils. Since 1965, it has awarded more than 64,000 grants. It also supports a councils. Since 1965, it has awarded more than 64,000 grants. It also supports a
Challenge Grant program to stimulate and match private donations in support of Challenge Grant program to stimulate and match private donations in support of
humanities institutions.humanities institutions.29
FY2023 Appropriations
Appropriations for agencies vary widely for reasons relating to the number, breadth, and
complexity of agency responsibilities; alternative sources of funding (e.g., mandatory
appropriations); and Administration and congressional priorities, among other factors. The total in

2531 27 For an overview of Forest Service land management, see CRS Report R43872, For an overview of Forest Service land management, see CRS Report R43872, National Forest System Management:
Overview, Appropriations, and Issues for Congress, by Katie Hoover and Anne A. Riddle. For an overview of FY2023 , by Katie Hoover and Anne A. Riddle. For an overview of FY2023
appropriations for the Forest Service, see CRS In Focus IF12141, appropriations for the Forest Service, see CRS In Focus IF12141, Forest Service: FY2023 Appropriations, by Katie , by Katie
Hoover. For an overview of Forest Service appropriations in recent years, see CRS Report R46557, Hoover. For an overview of Forest Service appropriations in recent years, see CRS Report R46557, Forest Service
Appropriations: Ten-Year Data and Trends (FY2011-FY2020), by Katie Hoover. , by Katie Hoover.
2628 Department of Health and Human Services, Indian Health Service (IHS), Department of Health and Human Services, Indian Health Service (IHS), Justification of Estimates for
Appropriations Committees, , Fiscal Year 2023, p. CJ-2, at https://www.ihs.gov/sites/budgetformulation/themes/ p. CJ-2, at https://www.ihs.gov/sites/budgetformulation/themes/
responsive2017/display_objects/documents/FY2023BudgetJustificaton.pdf. For additional information on the agency, responsive2017/display_objects/documents/FY2023BudgetJustificaton.pdf. For additional information on the agency,
see CRS Report R43330, see CRS Report R43330, The Indian Health Service (IHS): An Overview, by Elayne J. Heisler. , by Elayne J. Heisler.
2729 These statistics are from the Smithsonian Institution’s website at http://www.si.edu/About. These statistics are from the Smithsonian Institution’s website at http://www.si.edu/About.
2830 For an overview of the Smithsonian Institution, including potential costs of new museums and other issues for For an overview of the Smithsonian Institution, including potential costs of new museums and other issues for
Congress, see CRS Report R44370, Congress, see CRS Report R44370, Smithsonian Institution: Background, Issues for Congress, and Selected
Legislation, by R. Eric Petersen. , by R. Eric Petersen.
2931 For an overview of FY2023 appropriations for the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for For an overview of FY2023 appropriations for the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for
the Humanities, see CRS Report R47248, National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities: FY2023 Appropriations,
by Shannon S. Loane. An overview of the National Endowment for the Arts is at https://www.arts.gov/about/what-is-
the-nea. An overview of the National Endowment for the Humanities is at https://www.neh.gov/about.
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each of the FY2023 requested, House-passed, and Senate-introduced Congressional Research Service 7 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations FY2023 Appropriations Appropriations for agencies vary widely for reasons relating to the number, breadth, and complexity of agency responsibilities; alternative sources of funding (e.g., mandatory appropriations); and Administration and congressional priorities, among other factors. The total in each of the FY2023 requested, House-passed, Senate-introduced, and enacted appropriations is broken out appropriations is broken out
unevenly across the three major funding titles in the Interior bill and among agencies and entities unevenly across the three major funding titles in the Interior bill and among agencies and entities
within each title, as is typically the case. within each title, as is typically the case.
Although FY2023 appropriations in the President’s request, House-passed bill, Although FY2023 appropriations in the President’s request, House-passed bill, and Senate-Senate-
introduced introduced bill coveredbill, and enacted appropriation cover about three dozen agencies, funding for a small subset of these agencies about three dozen agencies, funding for a small subset of these agencies
would accountaccounts for most of the total. For example, the sum of appropriations for three agencies— for most of the total. For example, the sum of appropriations for three agencies—
EPA, Forest Service, and Indian Health Service—EPA, Forest Service, and Indian Health Service—would beaccounts for about three-fifths of each total. Nearly about three-fifths of each total. Nearly
three-quarters of each total three-quarters of each total would beis for these three agencies and two others—National Park for these three agencies and two others—National Park
Service and Bureau of Indian Affairs. Service and Bureau of Indian Affairs.
Components of President Biden’s Request
For FY2023, President Biden requested $48.78 billion for the approximately three dozen agencies For FY2023, President Biden requested $48.78 billion for the approximately three dozen agencies
and entities funded in the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill. This and entities funded in the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill. This
total included $37.32 billion in regular appropriations and $2.55 billion for certain wildfire total included $37.32 billion in regular appropriations and $2.55 billion for certain wildfire
suppression activities under an adjustment to discretionary spending limits for FY2023. The suppression activities under an adjustment to discretionary spending limits for FY2023. The
wildfire suppression amount comprised $2.21 billion for the Forest Service and $340.0 million wildfire suppression amount comprised $2.21 billion for the Forest Service and $340.0 million
for DOI. Budget authority designated for the specified suppression activities would cause the for DOI. Budget authority designated for the specified suppression activities would cause the
spending limits to be adjusted, effectively making the budget authority not subject to the limits, as spending limits to be adjusted, effectively making the budget authority not subject to the limits, as
noted. noted.
The total of $48.78 billion also reflects $8.91 billion in mandatory appropriations for the Indian The total of $48.78 billion also reflects $8.91 billion in mandatory appropriations for the Indian
Health Service.Health Service.3032 The President did not request discretionary appropriations for this agency but The President did not request discretionary appropriations for this agency but
instead proposed reclassifying Indian Health Service accounts as mandatory funding. The instead proposed reclassifying Indian Health Service accounts as mandatory funding. The
President asserted that “mandatory funding provides a long-term solution for adequate, stable, President asserted that “mandatory funding provides a long-term solution for adequate, stable,
and predictable funding for the Indian health system.”and predictable funding for the Indian health system.”3133 He expressed that mandatory funding He expressed that mandatory funding
would ensure “the disproportionate impacts experienced by tribal communities during the would ensure “the disproportionate impacts experienced by tribal communities during the
COVID-19 pandemic are never repeated.”COVID-19 pandemic are never repeated.”3234
For the 11 DOI agencies in Title I of the Interior bill, the President’s request was $16.86 billion, For the 11 DOI agencies in Title I of the Interior bill, the President’s request was $16.86 billion,
or 35% of the total. For EPA, funded in Title II of the bill, the request was $11.88 billion, or 24% or 35% of the total. For EPA, funded in Title II of the bill, the request was $11.88 billion, or 24%
of the total. For about two dozen agencies and other entities in Title III of the bill, the President of the total. For about two dozen agencies and other entities in Title III of the bill, the President
requested $20.05 billion, or about 41% of the total. This Title III total reflects mandatory
appropriations for the Indian Health Service.
Components of H.R. 8294, Division E, as Passed the House
The Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2022
(H.R. 8294, Division E), as passed by the House on July 20, 2022, contained $47.39 billion for
Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. This total included $2.55 billion for wildfire

30 the Humanities, see CRS Report R47248, National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities: FY2023 Appropriations, by Shannon S. Loane. An overview of the National Endowment for the Arts is at https://www.arts.gov/about/what-is-the-nea. An overview of the National Endowment for the Humanities is at https://www.neh.gov/about. 32 This amount is identified in the FY2023 Senate committee majority draft explanatory statement, entitled This amount is identified in the FY2023 Senate committee majority draft explanatory statement, entitled Explanatory
Statement for the Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill, 2023, pp. 119-, pp. 119-
120, at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/majority/breaking-chairman-leahy-releases-fiscal-year-2023-120, at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/majority/breaking-chairman-leahy-releases-fiscal-year-2023-
senate-appropriations-bills. The IHS FY2023 budget justification identifies mandatory funding of $9.1 billion in senate-appropriations-bills. The IHS FY2023 budget justification identifies mandatory funding of $9.1 billion in
proposed law funding and $147 million in current law funding for the Special Diabetes Program for Indians. See proposed law funding and $147 million in current law funding for the Special Diabetes Program for Indians. See
Department of Health and Human Services, IHS, Department of Health and Human Services, IHS, Justification of Estimates for Appropriations Committees, , Fiscal Year
2023, p. CJ-4. Hereinafter cited as IHS,, p. CJ-4. Hereinafter cited as IHS, FY2023 CJ. .
3133 IHS, IHS, FY2023 CJ, p. CJ-3. , p. CJ-3.
3234 IHS, IHS, FY2023 CJ, p. CJ-2. , p. CJ-2.
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requested $20.05 billion, or about 41% of the total. This Title III total reflects mandatory appropriations for the Indian Health Service. Components of H.R. 8294, Division E, as Passed the House The Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2022 (H.R. 8294, Division E), as passed by the House on July 20, 2022, contained $47.39 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. This total included $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the cap adjustment, consisting of $2.21 billion for the Forest Service and suppression under the cap adjustment, consisting of $2.21 billion for the Forest Service and
$340.0 million for DOI. $340.0 million for DOI.
The House-passed bill included discretionary appropriations of $8.12 billion for the Indian Health The House-passed bill included discretionary appropriations of $8.12 billion for the Indian Health
Service, though the President sought mandatory appropriations for this agency. In its earlier Service, though the President sought mandatory appropriations for this agency. In its earlier
report on H.R. 8262, the House Committee on Appropriations set out its opposition to the request report on H.R. 8262, the House Committee on Appropriations set out its opposition to the request
for mandatory appropriations. The committee expressed that the Indian Health Service “did not for mandatory appropriations. The committee expressed that the Indian Health Service “did not
provide implementation language and at the time of writing this report, the authorizing provide implementation language and at the time of writing this report, the authorizing
committees have not enacted the President’s proposal. Because the authorizing committees have committees have not enacted the President’s proposal. Because the authorizing committees have
not acted, the Committee is providing discretionary funds for IHS for fiscal year 2023 to ensure not acted, the Committee is providing discretionary funds for IHS for fiscal year 2023 to ensure
health care for Native Americans is not negatively impacted.”health care for Native Americans is not negatively impacted.”3335
For the 11 DOI agencies in Title I of the bill, the House-passed bill contained $16.68 billion, or For the 11 DOI agencies in Title I of the bill, the House-passed bill contained $16.68 billion, or
35% of the total. EPA, funded in Title II of the bill, would receive $11.49 billion, or 24% of the 35% of the total. EPA, funded in Title II of the bill, would receive $11.49 billion, or 24% of the
total. The House-passed bill would fund about two dozen agencies and other entities through Title total. The House-passed bill would fund about two dozen agencies and other entities through Title
III, with $19.22 billion, or 41% of the bill total. III, with $19.22 billion, or 41% of the bill total.
Components of S. 4686, as Introduced in the Senate
S. 4686, as introduced in the Senate on July 28, 2022, contained $44.83 billion for Interior, S. 4686, as introduced in the Senate on July 28, 2022, contained $44.83 billion for Interior,
Environment, and Related Agencies. As in the President’s request and the House-passed bill, the Environment, and Related Agencies. As in the President’s request and the House-passed bill, the
total in the Senate-introduced bill included $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the cap total in the Senate-introduced bill included $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the cap
adjustment, divided between the Forest Service ($2.21 billion) and DOI ($340.0 million). adjustment, divided between the Forest Service ($2.21 billion) and DOI ($340.0 million).
The Senate-introduced bill included discretionary appropriations of $7.38 billion for the Indian The Senate-introduced bill included discretionary appropriations of $7.38 billion for the Indian
Health Service. The Senate committee majority draft explanatory statement indicated that Health Service. The Senate committee majority draft explanatory statement indicated that
although the President had sought mandatory funding, it contained discretionary funding because although the President had sought mandatory funding, it contained discretionary funding because
“at this time no such change has been enacted into law.”“at this time no such change has been enacted into law.”3436
Of the $44.83 billion in the bill, DOI agencies in Title I would receive $16.04 billion, or 36% of Of the $44.83 billion in the bill, DOI agencies in Title I would receive $16.04 billion, or 36% of
the total. EPA, funded in Title II of the bill, would receive $10.64 billion, or 24% of the total. The the total. EPA, funded in Title II of the bill, would receive $10.64 billion, or 24% of the total. The
bill would fund about two dozen agencies and other entities through Title III, with $18.15 billion, bill would fund about two dozen agencies and other entities through Title III, with $18.15 billion,
or 40% of the total. or 40% of the total.
In addition to the $44.83 billion, S. 4686, as introduced, contained $2.28 billion in FY2023 In addition to the $44.83 billion, S. 4686, as introduced, contained $2.28 billion in FY2023
emergency appropriations for disaster recovery and emergency response of the Forest Service emergency appropriations for disaster recovery and emergency response of the Forest Service
(wildland fire management) and the following DOI agencies and programs: Fish and Wildlife (wildland fire management) and the following DOI agencies and programs: Fish and Wildlife
Service, National Park Service, Bureau of Indian Education, and DOI wildland fire management. Service, National Park Service, Bureau of Indian Education, and DOI wildland fire management.
These funds were contained in a new Title V of the bill. These funds were contained in a new Title V of the bill.
35 House Committee on Appropriations, Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill, 2023, report to accompany H.R. 8262, 117th Cong., 2nd sess., H.Rept. 117-400, July 1, 2022, p. 122. 36 Senate committee majority draft explanatory statement, p. 119. Congressional Research Service 9 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations The bill also contained $5.58 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, with The bill also contained $5.58 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, with
the funding becoming available for obligation in FY2024. The Senate committee majority draft the funding becoming available for obligation in FY2024. The Senate committee majority draft
explanatory statement included the following explanation for these funds: explanatory statement included the following explanation for these funds:
The Committee recognizes that budget uncertainty due to temporary lapses of The Committee recognizes that budget uncertainty due to temporary lapses of
appropriations and continuing resolutions have an effect on the orderly operations of appropriations and continuing resolutions have an effect on the orderly operations of
critical healthcare programs for Native American communities. Existing challenges related critical healthcare programs for Native American communities. Existing challenges related
to recruitment and retention of healthcare providers, administrative burden and costs, and to recruitment and retention of healthcare providers, administrative burden and costs, and

33 House Committee on Appropriations, Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
Appropriations Bill, 2023, report to accompany H.R. 8262, 117th Cong., 2nd sess., H.Rept. 117-400, July 1, 2022, p.
122.
34 Senate committee majority draft explanatory statement, p. 119.
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financial effects on Tribes were identified areas of concern in a Government Accountability financial effects on Tribes were identified areas of concern in a Government Accountability
Office [GAO] study (GAO–18–652). This budgetary change will enable IHS to continue Office [GAO] study (GAO–18–652). This budgetary change will enable IHS to continue
to provide health services without interruption or uncertainty, improving the quality of care to provide health services without interruption or uncertainty, improving the quality of care
and providing peace of mind for patients and medical providers.and providing peace of mind for patients and medical providers.35
Comparison of FY2023 Appropriations Action with FY2022 Regular
Enacted Appropriations
The FY2023 requested, House-passed, and Senate-introduced appropriations would provide
varying amounts of higher funding than FY2022 regular enacted appropriations of $40.52 billion
in P.L. 117-103, Division G.36 Additional appropriations enacted earlier for FY2022 in other laws
(e.g., P.L. 117-43, P.L. 117-58) may have impacted the level of regular appropriations enacted.
Moreover, the FY2023 request, House-passed bill, and Senate-introduced bill would provide
varying increases over the FY2022 regular appropriations for each of the three major titles of the
Interior bill. Most agencies in the bill, but not all, would receive higher funding in FY2023 under
the request, House-passed bill, and Senate-introduced bill than the FY2022 regular enacted
appropriations.
The FY2023 requested, House-passed, and Senate-introduced appropriations would provide $2.55
billion for wildfire suppression under the discretionary cap adjustment. This is the maximum
amount available under law for FY2023. The portion for the Forest Service would be $2.21
billion, and the portion for DOI would be $340.0 million. The FY2022 enacted appropriation was
$2.45 billion, the maximum under law for that year. This total included $2.12 billion for the
Forest Service and $330.0 million for DOI.37
The Senate-introduced bill for FY2023 contained advance appropriations ($5.58 billion) for the
Indian Health Service. Neither the President’s request for FY2023 nor the House-passed bill for
FY2023 contained advance appropriations for this agency. Further, the FY2022 regular
appropriations law did not include advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service.
However, the Indian Health Service was among the agencies that received emergency
appropriations in an earlier law, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58, Division
J).
The Senate-introduced bill also contained FY2023 emergency appropriations ($2.28 billion) for
disaster recovery and emergency response for four DOI agencies and the Forest Service. The
FY2022 regular enacted appropriation did not include emergency appropriations for this purpose,
and neither the FY2023 President’s request nor the House-passed bill included emergency
appropriations for this purpose.
Figure 1 depicts FY2022 enacted appropriations and FY2023 appropriations in President Biden’s
request, the 37 Components of FY2023 Enacted Appropriation The FY2023 appropriations law (P.L. 117-328, Division G), enacted on December 29, 2022, contained a total of $41.47 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. This total included $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the cap adjustment, consisting of $2.21 billion for the Forest Service and $340 million for DOI. In addition to the $41.47 billion, the law included $5.13 billion in advance appropriations (for FY2024) for the Indian Health Service. Of the $41.47 billion total, DOI agencies in Title I received $15.10 billion, or 36.4% of the total. EPA, funded in Title II of the bill, received $10.14 billion, or 24.4% of the total. For about two dozen agencies and other entities funded in Title III, the law contained $16.23 billion, or 39.1% of the total. The FY2023 law contained nearly three-quarters of total funding for five agencies, similar to the President’s request, the House-passed bill, and the Senate-introduced bill. Specifically, the appropriations in the FY2023 law for EPA, Forest Service, Indian Health Service, National Park Service, and Bureau of Indian Affairs totaled $30.05 billion, or 72.5% of the total. For the 11 DOI agencies, the FY2023 law provided funding ranging from $172.0 million for the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement to $3.48 billion for the National Park Service. The appropriations for 7 of the 11 agencies exceeded $1 billion. For the Related Agencies in Title III, the amounts ranged from $0.6 million (for the Alyce Spotted Bear and Walter Soboleff Commission on Native Children) to $7.07 billion (for the Forest Service).38 The FY2023 appropriations law contained more than $1 billion for two entities in Title III in addition to the Forest Service. They are the Indian Health Service, with $6.93 billion, and the Smithsonian Institution, with $1.14 billion. The next-largest funding levels in Title III were $209.2 million for the National Gallery of Art and $207.0 million for each of the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Humanities. Other Title III agencies received lower funding amounts, including less than $10 million for each of nine agencies. Comparison of FY2023 and FY2022 Regular Appropriations The FY2023 enacted appropriation of $41.47 billion was $950.0 million higher than the FY2022 enacted appropriation. It included higher total funding for DOI agencies and EPA but lower funding for Related Agencies. 37 Senate committee majority draft explanatory statement, p. 120. 38 The law included no new funding for the Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation, but contained $3.1 million for the entity derived from unobligated balances of funding. Congressional Research Service 10 link to page 16 link to page 17 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations The FY2023 enacted appropriation was $7.32 billion less than the total requested by the President ($48.78 billion), $5.93 billion less than passed by the House ($47.39 billion), and $3.37 billion less than included in the Senate-introduced bill ($44.83 billion). The FY2023 enacted appropriation also contained less funding for each of the major titles of the bill than had been requested by the President, approved by the House, and included in the Senate-introduced bill. It is unclear whether and to what extent the FY2023 enacted appropriation was affected by the earlier enactment of laws providing monies that could be used in FY2023. Such earlier laws included P.L. 117-58, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), which included advance appropriations for FY2023, and P.L. 117-169, often referred to as the Inflation Reduction Act, which provided mandatory appropriations for FY2022 that were available for multiple fiscal years. The FY2023 enacted appropriation contained $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the discretionary cap adjustment. This was the maximum available under law for FY2023,39 and the same as the amount requested by the President, passed by the House, and introduced in the Senate for FY2023. The enacted appropriation contained $2.21 billion for the Forest Service and $340.0 million for DOI. The same amounts were contained in the President’s request, House-passed bill, and House-passed bill, and the Senate-introduced bill.Senate-introduced bill. It shows the appropriations
contained in each of the three main appropriations titles of the Interior bill—Title I (DOI), Title II

35 Senate committee majority draft explanatory statement, p. 120.
36 This comparison is based on the regular appropriations enacted for FY2022. It does not reflect additional
appropriations enacted for FY2022. Specifically, Division B of the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act,
2022, of P.L. 117-43, the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act, contained $1.78
billion in emergency appropriations for FY2022. Division J, Appropriations, of P.L. 117-58, the Infrastructure
Investment and Jobs Act, contained $33.56 billion in emergency appropriations for FY2022. (The law also contained
$6.11 billion in advance appropriations for EPA and $56.04 billion in emergency advance appropriations for multiple
agencies). P.L. 117-169 also contained FY2022 mandatory appropriations for several agencies within the Interior bill,
although the total appropriation is not readily available.
37 2 U.S.C. §901(b)(2)(F).
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The FY2022 enacted appropriation was $2.45 billion—the maximum under law for that year—including $2.12 billion for the Forest Service and $330.0 million for DOI. The FY2023 appropriations law contained advanced appropriations (for FY2024) for the Indian Health Service, totaling $5.13 billion. Similarly, the Senate-introduced bill for FY2023 contained advance appropriations ($5.58 billion) for the Indian Health Service. Neither the President’s request for FY2023 nor the House-passed bill for FY2023 contained advance appropriations for this agency. Further, the FY2022 regular appropriations law did not include advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service.40 In addition to the regular FY2023 appropriation in Division G, P.L. 117-328 included $6.15 billion in emergency supplemental appropriations for disaster relief in Division N. The FY2023 Senate-introduced bill contained FY2023 emergency appropriations of $2.28 billion for disaster recovery and emergency response for a subset of the agencies and programs that received disaster funding in P.L. 117-328.41 For FY2023, neither the President’s request nor the House-passed bill included funding for disaster relief. The FY2022 regular appropriations law (P.L. 117-103) also did not include funding for disaster relief, though an earlier law (P.L. 117-43) had provided supplemental appropriations for FY2022 for disaster relief. Figure 1 depicts FY2022 enacted appropriations and FY2023 appropriations in President Biden’s request, the House-passed bill, the Senate-introduced bill, and the FY2023 enacted appropriations law. It shows the appropriations contained in each of the three main appropriations titles of the Interior bill—Title I (DOI), Title II (EPA), and Title III (Related Agencies). For FY2022 enacted appropriations, it depicts the regular (EPA), and Title III (Related Agencies). For FY2022 enacted appropriations, it depicts the regular
annual appropriations in P.L. 117-103, Division G. For the President’s FY2023 request, it depicts annual appropriations in P.L. 117-103, Division G. For the President’s FY2023 request, it depicts
amounts shown in tables prepared by the Appropriations Committees. For FY2023 House-passed amounts shown in tables prepared by the Appropriations Committees. For FY2023 House-passed
appropriations, it depicts amounts contained in H.R. 8294, Division E. For FY2023 Senate-appropriations, it depicts amounts contained in H.R. 8294, Division E. For FY2023 Senate-
introduced appropriations, it depicts amounts contained in introduced appropriations, it depicts amounts contained in S. 4686. For FY2023 enacted appropriations, it depicts the regular annual appropriations in P.L. 117-328, Division G. S. 4686. SimilarlySimilarly, Table 1, at the end at the end
of this report, lists the appropriations for each of this report, lists the appropriations for each 39 2 U.S.C. §901(b)(2)(F). 40 Under P.L. 117-58, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, the Indian Health Service had received advance appropriations for sanitation facilities for FY2023-FY2026. 41 These appropriations were included in a new Title V of the Senate bill. Congressional Research Service 11 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations agency that were enacted for FY2022 in P.L. 117-agency that were enacted for FY2022 in P.L. 117-
103, Division G; requested by President Biden for FY2023; passed by the House in H.R. 8294, 103, Division G; requested by President Biden for FY2023; passed by the House in H.R. 8294,
Division E, for FY2023;Division E, for FY2023; and contained in S. 4686, as introduced, for FY2023 contained in S. 4686, as introduced, for FY2023; and enacted for FY2023 in P.L. 117-328, Division G. .
Figure 1. Appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies,
by Major Title, FY2022-FY2023

Source: Prepared by CRS with data from the House and Senate Appropriations Committees. Prepared by CRS with data from the House and Senate Appropriations Committees.
Notes: In general, amounts reflected in the figure represent regular annual appropriations for the pertinent fiscal year (FY2022 or FY2023), and exclude supplemental, mandatory, and advance appropriations including those referenced below. The FY2022 enacted total The FY2022 total shown excludes mandatory appropriations in P.L. 117-169, often called the Inflation excludes mandatory appropriations in P.L. 117-169, often called the Inflation
Reduction ActReduction Act of 2022.. (The total amount of funding for agencies within the Interior bil is not readily available.) It also excludes $1.78 bil ion in FY2022 emergency supplemental appropriations for It also excludes $1.78 bil ion in FY2022 emergency supplemental appropriations for
multiple agencies for disaster relief, contained in Division Bmultiple agencies for disaster relief, contained in Division B of, the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations
Act, 2022, of P.L. 117-43, the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act.Act, 2022, of P.L. 117-43, the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act. Further,
it excludes a total of $95.71 bil ion for multiple agencies contained The FY2023 enacted total excludes $5.13 bil ion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, which would become available for obligation in FY2024. It also excludes $6.15 bil ion in emergency supplemental appropriations for disasters contained in Division N, the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023, of P.L. 117-328, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023. The FY2022 and FY2023 enacted totals exclude money in Division J, Appropriations, of P.L. 117-58, in Division J, Appropriations, of P.L. 117-58,
the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Actthe Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), enacted on November 15, 2021. The law contained a total of $95.71 bil ion for multiple agencies, composed of the fol owing amounts: $33.56 bil ion in FY2022 , composed of the fol owing amounts: $33.56 bil ion in FY2022
emergency appropriations for multiple agencies, $6.11 bil ion in advance appropriations for emergency appropriations for multiple agencies, $6.11 bil ion in advance appropriations for the Environmental
Protection AgencyEPA, and $56.04 bil ion in emergency advance appropriations for multiple agencies, and $56.04 bil ion in emergency advance appropriations for multiple agencies (the advance
appropriations. Advance appropriations would become available for obligation in future fiscal years become available for obligation in future fiscal years).
rather than in FY2022. For FY2023, the President did not request discretionary appropriations for the Indian Health Service. Instead, For FY2023, the President did not request discretionary appropriations for the Indian Health Service. Instead,
the President requested $8.91 bil ion in mandatory appropriations for the agency, and these appropriations are the President requested $8.91 bil ion in mandatory appropriations for the agency, and these appropriations are
reflected in the figure. House-passed appropriations for FY2023 were contained in H.R. 8294, Division E. Senate-reflected in the figure. House-passed appropriations for FY2023 were contained in H.R. 8294, Division E. Senate-
introduced appropriations were contained in S. 4686. The Senate-introduced total shown in the figure excludes introduced appropriations were contained in S. 4686. The Senate-introduced total shown in the figure excludes
$5.58 bil ion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, which would become available for $5.58 bil ion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, which would become available for
obligation in FY2024. It also excludes $2.28 bil ion in FY2023 emergency appropriationsobligation in FY2024. It also excludes $2.28 bil ion in FY2023 emergency appropriations, provided in Title V of the bil , for in Title V of the bil , for
disaster recovery and response of several agencies. disaster recovery and response of several agencies.
Congressional Research Service 12 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations Table 1. Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies:
FY2022-FY2023 Appropriations
(in thousands of dollars) (in thousands of dollars)
FY2023
FY2023
FY2023
FY2022
Admin.
House-
Senate-
FY2023 Bureau or Agency
Enacted
Requested
Passed
Introduced
Enacted Bureau of Land Management Bureau of Land Management
$1,410,919 $1,410,919
$1,561,351 $1,561,351
$1,545,871 $1,545,871
$1,536,385 $1,536,385
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FY2023
FY2023
FY2023
FY2022
Admin.
House-
Senate-
Bureau or Agency
Enacted
Requested
Passed
Introduced$1,493,999
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
$1,645,611 $1,645,611
$1,972,014 $1,972,014
$1,876,411 $1,876,411
$1,838,057 $1,838,057 $1,773,292
National Park Service National Park Service
$3,264,994 $3,264,994
$3,610,577 $3,610,577
$3,643,264 $3,643,264
$3,577,796 $3,577,796 $3,475,254
U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey
$1,394,360 $1,394,360
$1,711,344 $1,711,344
$1,644,232 $1,644,232
$1,519,289 $1,519,289 $1,497,178
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
$163,748 $163,748
$200,407 $200,407
$192,765 $192,765
$195,550 $195,550 $182,960
Bureau of Safety and Environmental Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement
$155,947 $155,947
$198,185 $198,185
$171,185 $171,185
$171,985 $171,985 $171,985 Enforcement
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation Office of Surface Mining Reclamation
$268,097 $268,097
$271,218 $271,218
$291,218 $291,218
$290,026 $290,026 $289,930
and Enforcement and Enforcement
Indian Affair Indian Affairsa
$3,655,032 $3,655,032
$4,428,888 $4,428,888
$4,442,169 $4,442,169
$4,135,854 $4,135,854
$3,953,727 Bureau of Indian Affairs
$2,263,529
$2,740,477
$2,753,105
$2,545,294
$2,441,016 Bureau of Indian Education
$1,281,931
$1,575,736
$1,577,778
$1,477,885 $1,401,439
Bureau of Trust Funds Administration
$0
$112,675
$0
$0
0 Office of the Special Trustee for American Indians
$109,572
$0
$111,286
$112,675 $111,272 Indians
Departmental Offices Departmental Offices
$402,437 $402,437
$451,170 $451,170
$454,486 $454,486
$430,770 $430,770
$432,754 Office of the Secretary
$123,367
$146,530
$144,706
$135,000
$135,884 Insular Affairs
$121,940
$125,720
$129,720
$125,720
$128,820 Office of the Solicitor
$94,998
$102,050
$103,190
$102,050 $101,050
Office of Inspector General
$62,132
$76,870
$76,870
$68,000 $67,000
Department-Wide Programs Department-Wide Programs
$1,640,142 $1,640,142
$2,451,47 $2,451,476b
$1,897,976 $1,897,976
$1,828,584 $1,828,584 $1,829,019
Wildland Fire Management
$1,356,097
$1,539,630
$1,543,130
$1,503,286
$1,003,786 Central Hazardous Materials Fund
$10,036
$10,064
$10,064
$10,064
$10,064 Energy Community Revitalization Program
$5,000
$65,000
$45,000
$20,000
$5,000 Natural Resource Damage Assessment Fund
$7,933
$8,059
$8,059
$8,059
$8,037 Working Capital Fund
$91,436
$118,746
$116,746
$112,198 $112,198
Office of Natural Resources Revenue
$169,640
$174,977
$174,977
$174,977
$174,934 General Provisions: Payments in Lieu of TaxGeneral Provisions: Payments in Lieu of Taxesb
$515,000 $515,000
$535,000 $535,000
$515,000 $515,000
$515,000 $515,000
$515,000 Subtotal, Title I: Department of the Interiorc
$ $14,516,287 $$16,857,630 $$16,675,577
$16,040,296
$15,100,098 Interiorc Subtotal, Title II: Environmental Protection
$ $9,559,485 $$11,879,841 $$11,493,123
$10,641,162
$10,135,433 Agency
Dept. of Agriculture Under Secretary for Dept. of Agriculture Under Secretary for Natural
$1,000 $1,000
$1,429 $1,429
$1,429 $1,429
$1,000 $1,000
$1,000 Natural Resources and Environment Resources and Environment
Forest Service Forest Service
$7,820,277 $7,820,277
$8,946,010 $8,946,010
$8,841,816 $8,841,816
$8,595,785 $8,595,785
$7,073,844 Congressional Research Service 13 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations FY2023 FY2023 FY2023 FY2022 Admin. House- Senate- FY2023 Bureau or Agency Enacted Requested Passed Introduced Enacted Indian Health Service Indian Health Service
$6,630,986 $6,630,986
$8,909,00 $8,909,000d
$8,121,023 $8,121,023
$7,380,06 $7,380,063e $6,928,835g
National Institute of Environmental Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
$82,540 $82,540
$83,035 $83,035
$83,035 $83,035
$83,035 $83,035
$83,035 Sciences Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
$80,500 $80,500
$85,020 $85,020
$85,020 $85,020
$85,020 $85,020
$85,020 Registry Council on Environmental Quality and Office of Council on Environmental Quality and Office of
$4,200 $4,200
$4,360 $4,360
$4,676 $4,676
$4,360 $4,360 $4,676
Environmental Quality Environmental Quality
Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board
$13,400
$14,400
$14,400
$14,400
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FY2023
FY2023
FY2023
FY2022
Admin.
House-
Senate-
Bureau or Agency
Enacted
Requested
Passed
Introduced $13,400 $14,400 $14,400 $14,400 $14,400 Board
Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation
$0f
$4,000 $4,000
$0f
$0f
$0f Institute of American Indian and Alaska Native Institute of American Indian and Alaska Native
$11,741 $11,741
$11,772 $11,772
$13,274 $13,274
$11,772 $11,772 $13,482
Culture and Arts Development Culture and Arts Development
Smithsonian Institution Smithsonian Institution
$1,062,215 $1,062,215
$1,174,500 $1,174,500
$1,174,500 $1,174,500
$1,174 $1,174,500 $1,144,500 ,500
National Gallery of Art National Gallery of Art
$180,500 $180,500
$209,240 $209,240
$209,240 $209,240
$209,240 $209,240
$209,240 John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
$40,440 $40,440
$45,380 $45,380
$45,380 $45,380
$45,380 $45,380
$45,380 Arts Woodrow Wilson International Center for Woodrow Wilson International Center for
$15,000 $15,000
$14,860 $14,860
$15,000 $15,000
$15,000 $15,000
$15,000 Scholars Scholars
National Endowment for the Arts National Endowment for the Arts
$180,000 $180,000
$203,550 $203,550
$207,000 $207,000
$195 $195,000 $207,000 ,000
National Endowment for the Humanities National Endowment for the Humanities
$180,000 $180,000
$200,680 $200,680
$207,000 $207,000
$195 $195,000 $207,000 ,000
Commission of Fine Arts Commission of Fine Arts
$3,328 $3,328
$3,661 $3,661
$3,661 $3,661
$3,661 $3,661
$3,661 National Capital Arts and Cultural Affairs National Capital Arts and Cultural Affairs
$5,000 $5,000
$5,000 $5,000
$5,000 $5,000
$5,000 $5,000
$5,000 Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
$8,255 $8,255
$8,585 $8,585
$8,585 $8,585
$8,585 $8,585
$8,585 National Capital Planning Commission National Capital Planning Commission
$8,750 $8,750
$8,630 $8,630
$8,750 $8,750
$8,630 $8,630 $8,750
U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum
$62,616 $62,616
$65,231 $65,231
$63,231 $63,231
$65,231 $65,231
$65,231 Presidio Trust Presidio Trust
$40,000 $40,000
$31,000 $31,000
$90,000 $90,000
$40 $40,000 $90,000 ,000
World War I Centennial Commission World War I Centennial Commission
$1,000 $1,000
$1,000 $1,000
$1,000 $1,000
$1,000 $1,000
$1,000 U.S. Semiquincentennial Commission U.S. Semiquincentennial Commission
$8,000 $8,000
$15,000 $15,000
$15,000 $15,000
$9,000 $9,000
$15,000 Alyce Spotted Bear and Walter Soboleff Alyce Spotted Bear and Walter Soboleff
$200 $200
$0 $0
$0 $0
$600 $600 $550
Commission on Native Children Commission on Native Children
Subtotal, Title III: Related Agencies
$ $16,439,948 $20,045,343d $19,222,020
$18,151,262e
$16,230,189g Total Interior, Environment, and Related
$$40,515,720gh $48,782,814d $47,390,720 $44,832,720ehei $41,465,720gj
Agencies
Source: Prepared by CRS with data from the House and Senate Appropriations Committees. Prepared by CRS with data from the House and Senate Appropriations Committees.
Notes: Agency and bil totals generally reflect rescissions. Enacted appropriations for FY2022 Agency and bil totals generally reflect rescissions. Enacted appropriations for FY2022, shown in the first
column, were contained in P.L. 117-103, Division G. were contained in P.L. 117-103, Division G. Additional FY2022 and advance appropriationsHouse-passed appropriations for FY2023 were contained in H.R. 8294, Division E. Senate-introduced appropriations were contained in S. 4686 were
provided in P.L. 117-169, often called the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022; Division B of the Disaster Relief
Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022, of P.L. 117-43, the Extending Government Funding and Delivering
Emergency Assistance Act; and Division J, Appropriations, of P.L. 117-58, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs
Act, as detailed below in note g. House-passed appropriations for FY2023 were contained in H.R. 8294, Division
E. On July 28, 2022, the Senate Appropriations Committee Chair released a Senate committee majority draft bil . On July 28, 2022, the Senate Appropriations Committee Chair released a Senate committee majority draft bil
and draft explanatory statement with appropriations for FY2023. On the same day, S. 4686 was introduced, and draft explanatory statement with appropriations for FY2023. On the same day, S. 4686 was introduced,
reflecting the draft bil text. The Senatereflecting the draft bil text. The Senate-introduced total shown excludes $5.58 bil ion in advance appropriations for the total shown excludes $5.58 bil ion in advance appropriations for the
Indian Health Service, which would become available for obligation in FY2024. It also excludes $2.28 bil ion in Indian Health Service, which would become available for obligation in FY2024. It also excludes $2.28 bil ion in
FY2022 emergency appropriations for disaster recovery and emergency responseFY2023 emergency Congressional Research Service 14 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations appropriations for disaster recovery and emergency response. Enacted appropriations for FY2023 were contained in P.L. 117-328, Division G..
a. This row shows total funding for the listed entities. For FY2023, President Biden sought to fund the a. This row shows total funding for the listed entities. For FY2023, President Biden sought to fund the
functions of the Office of the Special Trustee for American Indians through a new Bureau of Trust Funds functions of the Office of the Special Trustee for American Indians through a new Bureau of Trust Funds
Administration. Administration.
b. The FY2023 requested appropriations for the Payments in Lieu of Taxes Program ($535.0 mil ion) were b. The FY2023 requested appropriations for the Payments in Lieu of Taxes Program ($535.0 mil ion) were
included under Department-Wide Programs. For easier comparison, these appropriations are shown in this included under Department-Wide Programs. For easier comparison, these appropriations are shown in this
table under General Provisions. table under General Provisions.
c. Amounts in this row for FY2023 requested, House-passed, and Senate-introduced appropriations reflect c. Amounts in this row for FY2023 requested, House-passed, and Senate-introduced appropriations reflect
$1.0 mil ion not shown in the column figures above. The funding was included in the General Provisions of $1.0 mil ion not shown in the column figures above. The funding was included in the General Provisions of
the Interior title of the bil for decommissioning offshore facilities and related activities. the Interior title of the bil for decommissioning offshore facilities and related activities.
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Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations

d. The Administration did not request discretionary appropriations for the Indian Health Service. Instead, the d. The Administration did not request discretionary appropriations for the Indian Health Service. Instead, the
Administration sought to reclassify Indian Health Service funding as mandatory appropriations and sought Administration sought to reclassify Indian Health Service funding as mandatory appropriations and sought
$8.91 bil ion in mandatory appropriations, according to the Senate committee majority draft explanatory $8.91 bil ion in mandatory appropriations, according to the Senate committee majority draft explanatory
statement (pp. 119-120). This amount is reflected here for comparative purposes. statement (pp. 119-120). This amount is reflected here for comparative purposes.
e. This figure excludes $5.58 bil ion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service that would e. This figure excludes $5.58 bil ion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service that would
become available for obligation in FY2024. become available for obligation in FY2024. Including these appropriations, the Senate-introduced bil
contained $12.96 bil ion for the Indian Health Service.
f.
The FY2022 enacted appropriation, the FY2023 House-passed bil , and the FY2023 Senate-introduced bil
contained $0 in new funding but approved $3.2 mil ion (FY2022 enacted) and $3.1 mil ion (House-passed
and Senate-introduced) from unobligated balances of funding.
g f. The FY2022 enacted appropriation contained no new funding but approved $3.2 mil ion from unobligated balances of funding. The FY2023 House-passed bil , Senate-introduced bil , and enacted appropriation contained no new funding but approved $3.1 mil ion from unobligated balances of funding. g. This figure excludes $5.13 bil ion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service that would become available for obligation in FY2024. h. This figure excludes mandatory appropriations in P.L. 117-169, often referred to as the Inflation Reduction . This figure excludes mandatory appropriations in P.L. 117-169, often referred to as the Inflation Reduction
Act Act of 2022. It also excludes $1.78 bil ion in FY2022 emergency supplemental appropriations for multiple . It also excludes $1.78 bil ion in FY2022 emergency supplemental appropriations for multiple
agencies for disaster relief, contained in Division Bagencies for disaster relief, contained in Division B of, the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act,
2022, of P.L. 117-43, the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act. Further, 2022, of P.L. 117-43, the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act. Further,
it excludes a total of $95.71 bil ion for multiple agencies contained in Division J, Appropriations, of P.L. 117-it excludes a total of $95.71 bil ion for multiple agencies contained in Division J, Appropriations, of P.L. 117-
58, the 58, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs ActIIJA, composed of the fol owing amounts: $33.56 bil ion in , composed of the fol owing amounts: $33.56 bil ion in
FY2022 emergency appropriations for multiple agencies, $6.11 bil ion in advance appropriations for the FY2022 emergency appropriations for multiple agencies, $6.11 bil ion in advance appropriations for the
Environmental Protection Agency, and $56.04 bil ion in emergency advance appropriations for multiple Environmental Protection Agency, and $56.04 bil ion in emergency advance appropriations for multiple
agencies. agencies.
h. i. This total excludes $2.28 bil ion in FY2023 emergency appropriations for disaster recovery and emergency This total excludes $2.28 bil ion in FY2023 emergency appropriations for disaster recovery and emergency
response for four Department of the Interior agencies (including department-wide programs) and the response for four Department of the Interior agencies (including department-wide programs) and the
Forest Service. These funds were included in Title V of S. 4686, as introduced. Forest Service. These funds were included in Title V of S. 4686, as introduced.


Author Information

Carol Hardy Vincent

Specialist in Natural Resources Policy


j. This figure excludes $6.15 bil ion in FY2023 emergency supplemental appropriations for multiple agencies for disaster relief, contained in Division N, Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023, of P.L. 117-328, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023. Further, it excludes advance appropriations of $13.51 bil ion for FY2023 for multiple agencies under P.L. 117-58, the IIJA (as shown in the Congressional Record, December 20, 2022, pp. S8872 and S8873). Author Information Carol Hardy Vincent Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Congressional Research Service 15 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations Key Policy Staff

Area of Expertise
Name
Interior Appropriations, coordinator Interior Appropriations, coordinator
Carol Hardy Vincent Carol Hardy Vincent
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
David M. Bearden David M. Bearden
Bureau of Indian Affairs Bureau of Indian Affairs
Mariel J. Murray Mariel J. Murray
Bureau of Indian Education Bureau of Indian Education
Cassandria Dortch Cassandria Dortch
Bureau of Land Management Bureau of Land Management
Carol Hardy Vincent Carol Hardy Vincent
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
Laura B. Comay Laura B. Comay
Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement
Laura B. Comay Laura B. Comay
Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Protection Agency
Angela C. Jones Angela C. Jones
Forest Service Forest Service
Katie Hoover Katie Hoover
Indian Health Service Indian Health Service
Elayne J. Heisler Elayne J. Heisler
Land and Water Conservation Fund Land and Water Conservation Fund
Carol Hardy Vincent Carol Hardy Vincent
Congressional Research Service

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Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations

Office of Insular Affairs Office of Insular Affairs
R. Sam Garrett R. Sam Garrett
Office of Natural Resources Revenue Office of Natural Resources Revenue
Laura B. Comay Laura B. Comay
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
Lance N. Larson Lance N. Larson
National Endowment for the Arts and National National Endowment for the Arts and National
Endowment Shannon S. Loane Shannon S. Loane
Endowment for the Humanities for the Humanities
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
David M. Bearden David M. Bearden
(Superfund authorities) (Superfund authorities)
National Park Service National Park Service
Laura B. Comay Laura B. Comay
Payments in Lieu of Taxes Payments in Lieu of Taxes
Katie Hoover Katie Hoover
Reorganization of DOI Reorganization of DOI
Mark DeSantis Mark DeSantis
Smithsonian Institution Smithsonian Institution
Shannon S. Loane Shannon S. Loane
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Pervaze A. SheikhChristopher R. Field
U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey
Anna E. Normand Anna E. Normand
Wildland Fire Management Wildland Fire Management
Katie Hoover Katie Hoover


Congressional Research Service 16 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations
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