Compliance Date Arrives for Rule Mandating Training for Aspiring Commercial Drivers

INSIGHTi

Compliance Date Arrives for Rule Mandating
Training for Aspiring Commercial Drivers
February 2, 2022
Beginning February 7, 2022, most aspiring commercial drivers will need to complete specified training
before they can get behind the wheel of a truck or bus. The new requirements, mandated by Congress,
include a list of theory topics and driving skills that commercial driver trainees must learn, and establish
qualifications for those who provide the training.
Background
In 2012, the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21, P.L. 112-141, §32304) directed
the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) to create a minimum standard curriculum for
the training of new commercial drivers. The resulting Entry-Level Driving Training (ELDT) regulation
applies to persons seeking to get, for the first time, a Class A or Class B commercial driver license (CDL);
to upgrade from a Class B CDL to a Class A CDL; or to add an endorsement (an authorization added to an
existing CDL required for the holder to drive certain types of commercial vehicles) allowing the holder to
drive a school bus, a passenger bus, or a vehicle transporting hazardous materials. The ELDT regulation
does not apply to persons seeking to renew an existing CDL, or to those not subject to CDL requirements
(e.g., military drivers, and farmers and firefighters excepted by their state).
The ELDT regulation is based on recommendations made in 2015 by FMCSA’s Entry-Level Driver
Training Advisory Committee, which included representatives of driver organizations, motor carriers,
state licensing agencies, law enforcement agencies, trucking safety organizations, labor unions, and
insurance companies. FMCSA issued a proposed rule in March 2016 and, after accepting public
comments, published the final regulation in December 2016. The compliance date was set for 2020—and
subsequently extended to February 7, 2022—to allow FMCSA time to set up an online training provider
registry, to provide states time to pass necessary legislation and to modify their information systems to
record CDL applicants’ compliance, and to allow training providers time to comply with the new
requirements.
New Requirements Taking Effect
The ELDT regulation establishes a curriculum composed of theory topics and driving skills (found in 49
C.F.R. Part 380 Appendix A through E) that must be covered in the training provided to driver-trainees.
Congressional Research Service
https://crsreports.congress.gov
IN11846
CRS INSIGHT
Prepared for Members and
Committees of Congress

---

Congressional Research Service
2
For example, applicants for a Class A license must learn docking and parallel parking maneuvers, while
applicants for a school bus endorsement must complete units on student management and the use of
mirrors to check for students around the outside of the bus. States may set standards that exceed this
regulation.
The regulation also creates an online Training Provider Registry to serve as a central information site for
training providers, state licensing agencies, driver-trainees, and FMCSA. Training providers must create
an account on the registry, self-certifying that they provide training that complies with the curriculum
requirements, and an account for each student.
To qualify, a trainer must hold a CDL of the same (or higher) class, and with all endorsements necessary,
to operate the type of commercial vehicle for which they provide training. The trainer also must have a
minimum of two years of experience driving a commercial vehicle requiring a CDL of that class or
endorsement or at least two years of experience as a “behind the wheel” commercial vehicle instructor.
Further, trainers must meet any other requirements established by their state. Persons seeking training can
search the registry to find qualified providers of training.
FMCSA’s cost-benefit analysis (for 2020-2029) estimated that the regulation will cost an average of $366
million each year, mainly in tuition costs for prospective drivers who would otherwise have not gotten
training before getting their CDL. FMCSA estimated quantifiable benefits at $239 million per year,
mostly from fuel savings from improved driver performance, and also from reduced CO2 emissions from
fuel savings and reduced vehicle maintenance and repair costs. FMCSA could not quantify the driver-
safety/crash-reduction risk benefit of the regulation due to lack of data linking training and safety
performance. The agency estimated that the benefits of the regulation would exceed its costs if it reduced
the number of fatal, injury, and property-damage-only crashes involving new drivers by 3.6% annually.
Impact on New CDL Driver Supply
Some observers have questioned whether the new regulation will reduce the supply of new drivers,
because the compliance deadline is coming at a time when there is concern about the size of the CDL
driver pool. FMCSA projected that the training regulation would not discourage potential drivers, as it
estimated that roughly 85% of new Class A and Class B CDL applicants already were receiving training
that, with minimal changes, would meet or exceed the new requirements.
Similarly, there is currently a shortage of school bus drivers, and some have expressed concern that the
regulation may make recruiting school bus drivers more difficult. Some commenters originally questioned
the inclusion of the school bus endorsement in the regulation, noting it was not included in the MAP-21
mandate. FMCSA observed that two national school transportation associations supported including the
school bus endorsement in the new regulation, one of which noted that most states and school districts
already provide training to school bus drivers that is consistent with, and in many cases exceeds, the
training requirements of the new rule. Federal regulations already required school bus drivers to hold a
Class B (or Class A) CDL and a passenger endorsement, as well as a school bus endorsement.

---

Congressional Research Service
3
Additional information about the regulation is available from FMCSA’s website.

Author Information

David Randall Peterman

Analyst in Transportation Policy




Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff
to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of
Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other than public understanding of
information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in connection with CRS’s institutional role.
CRS Reports, as a work of the United States Government, are not subject to copyright protection in the United
States. Any CRS Report may be reproduced and distributed in its entirety without permission from CRS. However,
as a CRS Report may include copyrighted images or material from a third party, you may need to obtain the
permission of the copyright holder if you wish to copy or otherwise use copyrighted material.

IN11846 · VERSION 1 · NEW

---