Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2001-2025
Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2001-2025
Updated September 11, 2026
Congressional Research Service
https://crsreports.congress.gov
R44323
Congressional Research Service
SUMMARY
Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2001-2025
Levels of pay for congressional staff are a source of recurring questions among Members of Congress, congressional staff, and the public. There may be interest in congressional pay data for multiple reasons, including assessment of the costs of congressional operations, guidance in setting pay levels for staff in Member offices, or comparison of congressional staff pay levels with those of other federal government pay systems.
This report provides pay data for 16 staff position titles that are typically used in House Members’ offices. These positions are the following: Caseworker, Chief of Staff, Communications Director, Constituent Services Director, Constituent Services Representative, Deputy Chief of Staff, District Deputy Director, District Director, Field Representative, Legislative Assistant, Legislative Correspondent, Legislative Director, Operations Director, Scheduler, Senior Legislative Assistant, and Staff Assistant. The following table provides 2025 median pay levels for positions for which data are available in constant 2026 dollars and change in pay between 2024 and 2025.
2025 Median Pay and Percentage Change for Selected Staff Positions in House Members’
Offices in 2026 Dollars and Percentage Change, 2024-2025
Position
2025 Pay,
Constant
2026$
Change,
2024-
2025
Position
2025 Pay,
Constant
2026$
Change,
2024-
2025
Caseworker $70,368 -1.12% Field Representative $68,742 -0.46%
Chief of Staff $190,046 -4.39% Legislative Assistant $80,110 -1.32%
Communications Dir. $105,296 -1.12% Legislative Correspondent $62,921 -8.89%
Constituent Services Dir. $89,989 -2.45% Legislative Director $122,657 -1.62%
Constituent Services Rep. $68,656 4.54% Operations Director $99,614 2.30%
Deputy Chief of Staff $142,894 -0.26% Scheduler $78,381 1.15%
District Deputy Director $94,509 -0.01% Sr. Legislative Assistant $91,171 2.10%
District Director $127,578 1.18% Staff Assistant $61,643 1.30%
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Change is based on 2026 dollars per the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026.
Report tables provide aggregate statistics on pay for each staff position for 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016, and 2019-2025, including quartiles, median pay, and average pay. Available data for 2001-2025 are available to congressional staff upon request. Graphic displays are also included where data are available, providing representations of pay from the following two perspectives:
• a line graph showing change in median pay, 2001-2025, in nominal (current) and 2026 dollars; and
• distributions of 2025 pay in 2026 dollars, in $10,000 increments.
The Congressional Research Service provides a number of products on congressional staffing matters. These include CRS Report R44322, House Committee Staff Pay, Selected Positions, 2001-2025; CRS Report R44324, Staff Pay, Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2001-FY2025; CRS Report R44325, Senate Committee Staff Pay, Selected Positions, FY2001-FY2025; and CRS Report R46262, Congressional Staff: Duties and Qualifications Identified by Members of Congress for Selected Positions.
R44323
September 11, 2026
R. Eric Petersen Specialist in American National Government
Jane M. Wright Research Assistant
Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2001-2025
Congressional Research Service
Contents
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Data Concerns ................................................................................................................................. 2 Data Tables and Visualizations ........................................................................................................ 2
House Member Office Staff Pay Tables .......................................................................................... 4
Tables
Table 1. Annual Maximum Pay for Staff in House Members’ Offices, 2001-2026 ........................ 3 Table 2. 2025 Median Pay, 2026 Dollars, Changes in Pay for Selected Staff in House
Member Offices, Members of Congress, and Selected General Schedule Employees ................ 5
Table 3. Caseworker ........................................................................................................................ 6 Table 4. Chief of Staff ..................................................................................................................... 7 Table 5. Communications Director .................................................................................................. 8
Table 6. Constituent Services Director ............................................................................................ 9 Table 7. Constituent Services Representative ................................................................................ 10
Table 8. Deputy Chief of Staff ........................................................................................................ 11
Table 9. District Deputy Director .................................................................................................. 12 Table 10. District Director ............................................................................................................. 13
Table 11. Field Representative ...................................................................................................... 14 Table 12. Legislative Assistant ...................................................................................................... 15 Table 13. Legislative Correspondent ............................................................................................. 16 Table 14. Legislative Director ....................................................................................................... 17 Table 15. Operations Director ....................................................................................................... 18 Table 16. Scheduler ....................................................................................................................... 19 Table 17. Senior Legislative Assistant ........................................................................................... 20
Table 18. Staff Assistant ................................................................................................................ 21
Contacts
Author Information ........................................................................................................................ 22
Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House Members Offices, 2001-2025
Congressional Research Service 1
Introduction
Levels of pay for congressional staff are a source of recurring questions among Members of Congress, congressional staff, and the public. Members of the House of Representatives typically set the terms and conditions of employment for staff in their offices. These include job titles, duties, and rates of pay, subject to minimum and maximum levels.1 There may be interest in congressional pay data from multiple perspectives, including assessment of the costs of congressional operations; guidance in setting pay levels for staff in Member offices; or comparison of congressional staff pay levels with those of other federal government pay systems.
Publicly available resources do not provide aggregated congressional staff pay data in a readily retrievable form. Pay information in this report is based on the Statement of Disbursements of the House (SOD),2 published quarterly by the Chief Administrative Officer (CAO),3 as collated by LegiStorm. Data in this report are based on official House reports of specific staff positions. Additionally, this report provides annual data, which allows for observations about the nature of House Member staff compensation over time.
This report provides pay data for 16 staff position titles that are typically used in House Members’ offices. The positions include the following:
Caseworker Chief of Staff Communications Director Constituent Services Director Constituent Services Representative Deputy Chief of Staff
District Deputy Director District Director Field Representative Legislative Assistant Legislative Correspondent
Legislative Director Operations Director Scheduler Senior Legislative Assistant Staff Assistant
The collection of House Members’ staff pay data for the years 2001-2025 proceeded as follows. For each year, a random sample4 of 45 offices was taken for each position. House staff had to hold a position with the same job title in the Member’s office for the entire calendar year examined and not receive pay from any other congressional employing authority to be included. Generally, each position has no more than one observation per House Member’s office each year.
Every recorded payment ascribed in the LegiStorm data to those staff for the calendar year is included. Data collected for this report may differ from an employee’s stated annual salary due to the inclusion of overtime, bonuses, or other payments5 in addition to base salary paid in the course of a year.
1 Effective January 17, 2025, the maximum annual pay for House staff, a figure that has increased over time, is the equivalent of Level II of the Executive Schedule, $228,000 for 2026. A minimum salary of $45,000 per year was also established. See Order of the Speaker of the House of Representatives, January 17, 2025, set out as a note following 2 U.S.C. 4532. Maximum payable rates for House Member office staff since 2001 are available in Table 1.
2 In this report, pay refers to monies paid by the House to staff, and excludes other components of total compensation, which might include paid leave or employer contributions to various insurance and retirement benefits.
3 Volumes of the Statement of Disbursements since July 2009 are available at http://disbursements.house.gov/.
4 Each year, a different, random sample of Members’ offices was taken for each position. A study that examines pay data based on different job titles, or which combines pay data from positions of similar titles or presumptive duties (e.g., legislative aide, legislative assistant and senior legislative assistant, or executive assistants, schedulers, office managers, and executive assistant/schedulers), or estimates of pay using different data collection criteria, could result in findings that are different from those provided here.
5 For each year, the SOD reports pay data for five time periods: January 1 and 2; January 3-March 31; April 1-June 30; July 1-September 30; and October 1-December 31. The aggregate pay of those five periods equals the annual pay of a (continued...)
Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House Members Offices, 2001-2025
Congressional Research Service 2
For some positions, it was not possible to identify 45 employees who held that title for the entire year. This report provides no data on positions with 16 or fewer identifiable staff.
The Congressional Research Service provides a number of products on congressional staffing matters. These include CRS Report R44322, House Committee Staff Pay, Selected Positions, 2001-2025; CRS Report R44324, Staff Pay, Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2001- FY2025; CRS Report R44325, Senate Committee Staff Pay, Selected Positions, FY2001-FY2025; and CRS Report R46262, Congressional Staff: Duties and Qualifications Identified by Members of Congress for Selected Positions.
Data Concerns
There may be some advantages to relying on official salary expenditure data instead of survey findings, but data presented here are subject to some challenges that could affect the findings or their interpretation. Some of the concerns include the following:
• There are no data for first-term Members in the first session of a Congress. Authority to use the Member Representational Allowance (MRA) for the previous year expires January 2, and new MRA authority begins on January 3 when new Members elected in general elections typically take office.
• The SOD reports monies paid directly by the House to staff but does not provide the individual value of other components of compensation, which might include paid leave or employer contributions to various insurance and retirement benefits.
• Pay data provide no insight into the education, work experience, position, office, congressional tenure, and full- or part-time status of staff, or other potential explanations for levels of compensation.
• Data do not differentiate between staff based in Washington, DC, district offices, or both.
• Member offices that do not utilize any of the 16 job position titles, or whose pay data were not reported consistently, are excluded.
• Potential differences could exist in the job duties of positions with the same title. Aggregation of pay by job title rests in part on the assumption that staff with the same title carry out similar tasks. Given the wide discretion congressional employing authorities have in setting the terms and conditions of employment, there may be differences in the duties of similarly titled staff that could have effects on their levels of pay.
Data Tables and Visualizations
Tables in this section provide background information on House pay practices, comparative data for each position, and detailed pay data and visualizations for each position. Table 1 provides the maximum payable rates for House Member staff since 2001 in both nominal (current) and
congressional staff member. The brief reporting period accommodates accounting of the Members’ Representational Allowance (MRA), which authorizes expenditures from January 3 to January 2 of the following year. Other forms of payment do not appear to be recorded in a consistent manner. Sometimes overtime and other pay is listed as separate entries, and in other instances, significant one-time changes in a quarterly total might suggest payments in addition to regular salary.
Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House Members Offices, 2001-2025
Congressional Research Service 3
constant 2026 dollars. Constant dollar calculations throughout the report are based on the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for various years.
Table 2 provides available percentage changes in median pay in 2026 dollars for 16 positions; for Members of Congress; and for salaries paid under the General Schedule in Washington, DC, and surrounding areas and in the Rest of the United States (RUS) area. Table 3-Table 18 provide available pay data for each staff position for 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016, and 2021-2025, including data distributed by quartile, median pay, and average pay. Staff pay tables also provide a comparison, at various intervals to 2025, based on data availability, of the cumulative percentage change in median pay for that position, in 2026 dollars.6
Graphic displays are also included for each position, providing representations of pay from the following two perspectives:
• distributions of 2025 pay in 2026 dollars, in $10,000 increments; and
• a line graph showing changes in median pay, 2001-2025 (or available data), in nominal (current) and 2026 dollars.
Table 1. Annual Maximum Pay for Staff in House Members’ Offices,
2001-2026
Year Nominal $ Constant 2026$ Year Nominal $ Constant 2026$
2001 $140,451 $262,284 2014 $168,411 $235,273
2002 $145,226 $266,980 2015 $168,411 $234,994
2003 $149,728 $269,123 2016 $168,411 $232,066
2004 $153,022 $267,909 2017 $168,411 $227,226
2005 $156,848 $265,609 2018 $168,411 $221,808
2006 $159,828 $262,197 2019 $168,411 $217,860
2007 $159,828 $254,936 2020 $173,900 $222,220
2008 $163,795 $251,603 2021 $199,300 $243,249
2009 $168,411 $259,617 2022 $203,700 $230,198
2010 $168,411 $255,428 2023 $212,100 $230,214
2011 $168,411 $247,612 2024 $212,100 $223,618
2012 $168,411 $242,592 2025 $225,700 $231,856
2013 $168,411 $239,089 2026 $228,000 $228,000
Source: 2 U.S.C. 4532 note, CRS calculations based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI- U) for the first half of 2026.
6 2026 CPI-U based on the first half of the year.
Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House Members Offices, 2001-2025
Congressional Research Service 4
House Member Office Staff Pay Tables
Interpreting Pay T ables: Statistics Describing Pay Data
For each year that data are available, statistical values for staff positions are included in Table 3-Table 18, including the following:
Minimum & Maximum The smallest and largest pay level, respectively, for each position.
Average (Mean) The mean is the average of a list of numbers, in which the sum of all the values is divided by the total number of values. For example, if three salaries, $30,000, $45,000, and $90,000, were identified for a given staff position, the average (mean) would be ($30,000 + $45,000 + $90,000) ÷ 3 = $55,000.
Median The midpoint at which half of the numbers in a list are higher and the other half lower. For example, if three salaries, $30,000, $45,000, and $90,000, were identified for a given staff position, the midpoint (median) would be $45,000.
Statistical Quartiles Statistical values that divide data into quarters. In a list of numbers, Quartile 1 (Q1) is a number that falls in the middle between the lowest number, or minimum, and the median. For example, if Q1 for a given staff position was $50,000, this would indicate that 25% of employees in that position make $50,000 or less. Quartile 2 (Q2) is also the median. Quartile 3 (Q3) is a number that falls in the middle between the median and the highest number in the list, or maximum. Numbers between Q1 and Q3 compose the interquartile range, the difference between the largest and smallest values in the middle 50% of a list of numbers. Quartiles might also be described as percentiles, as shown below.
Statistical Measures Used in Pay Tables
Minimum Quartile 1
(Q1)
Quartile 2
(Q2) Median
Quartile 3
(Q3) Maximum Average
Lowest number in a list
25th Percentile 50th Percentile 75th percentile Highest number in a list
The mean, or number expressing the central value in a set of data
25% of staff make less than Q1
50% of staff make less than Q2
75% of staff make less than Q3
Middle number between Minimum and Median
Median—midpoint at which half of the numbers in a list are higher and the other half lower
Middle number between Median and Maximum
Lower Quartile Interquartile Range = Q3-Q1 Upper Quartile
Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House Members Offices, 2001-2025
Congressional Research Service 5
Table 2. 2025 Median Pay, 2026 Dollars, Changes in Pay for Selected Staff in House
Member Offices, Members of Congress, and Selected General Schedule Employees
2025 Pay
Constant
2026$
2024-
2025
2021-
2025
2016-
2025
2011-
2025
2006-
2025
2001
-2025
Caseworker $70,368 -1.12% 2.83% 1.52% -1.32% -2.05% 6.96%
Chief of Staff $190,046 -4.39% -7.34% -7.38% -14.30% -13.01% -2.38%
Communications Director $105,296 -1.12% 0.90% 12.17% -8.18% 1.73% -11.29%
Constituent Services Director $89,989 -2.45% — — — — —
Constituent Services Representative $68,656 4.54% 7.15% 13.24% 4.54% 8.00% 12.12%
Deputy Chief of Staff $142,894 -0.26% -0.43% — — — —
District Deputy Director $94,509 -0.01% -2.93% — — — —
District Director $127,578 1.18% 4.70% 3.16% -7.22% -7.97% -6.21%
Field Representative $68,742 -0.46% 3.34% 4.66% 2.87% -8.39% 3.69%
Legislative Assistant $80,110 -1.32% 10.89% 17.68% 11.51% 0.17% 4.40%
Legislative Correspondent $62,921 -8.89% -5.39% 13.43% 8.07% 4.37% 7.60%
Legislative Director $122,657 -1.62% 5.76% 4.11% -3.83% 0.34% -0.86%
Operations Director $99,614 2.30% — — — — —
Scheduler $78,381 1.15% 8.85% 11.09% 8.11% -0.08% -0.74%
Senior Legislative Assistant $91,171 2.10% 11.08% — — — —
Staff Assistant $61,643 1.30% 13.79% 33.89% 20.36% 6.85% 6.48%
Congressional Staff Positions Pay Change Summary
Increase 6 10 10 6 6 6
Decrease 10 4 1 5 5 6
Members of Congress, General Schedule Pay Change
MCs $178,746 -2.56% -15.83% -25.45% -30.13% -34.04% -34.03%
General Schedule, DC Varies -0.40% -2.12% -2.45% -5.38% -2.39% 4.93%
General Schedule, RUS Varies -0.70% -3.74% -6.96% -10.01% -10.91% -6.12%
Source: CRS calculations, based on pay data provided in Table 3-Table 18 for congressional positions in 2026 dollars; CRS Report 97-1011, Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables, for Members of Congress; and the Office of Personnel Management for federal civilian workers in the District of Columbia and surrounding areas and rest of the U.S. localities, various years. Nominal Member pay in 2026 is $174,000. General Schedule pay for individuals varies by grade, step, and locality, but percentage changes are consistent within each locality. “—“ indicates data are unavailable. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026.
CRS-6
Table 3. Caseworker
Nominal, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 45 $21,750 $30,000 $35,229 $40,122 $61,572 $36,189 $40,617 $56,023 $65,788 $74,926 $114,981 $67,581
2006 45 $23,667 $39,000 $43,792 $52,250 $66,867 $45,431 $38,826 $63,979 $71,840 $85,716 $109,694 $74,529
2011 45 $31,200 $43,000 $48,500 $58,000 $83,155 $50,395 $45,873 $63,222 $71,309 $85,276 $122,262 $74,094
2016 45 $29,667 $40,544 $50,300 $56,837 $89,100 $50,290 $40,880 $55,869 $69,312 $78,319 $122,778 $69,299
Most Recent Five Years
2021 45 $35,200 $50,125 $56,067 $59,583 $83,333 $55,682 $42,962 $61,178 $68,430 $72,723 $101,710 $67,961
2022 45 $47,583 $57,000 $65,250 $75,200 $105,000 $67,489 $53,773 $64,415 $73,738 $84,982 $118,659 $76,268
2023 45 $50,000 $60,000 $67,267 $75,500 $111,375 $69,118 $54,270 $65,124 $73,011 $81,948 $120,887 $75,021
2024 45 $49,000 $59,264 $67,500 $75,700 $122,175 $69,586 $51,661 $62,482 $71,166 $79,811 $128,810 $73,365
2025 45 $50,000 $60,735 $68,500 $76,917 $109,500 $69,557 $51,364 $62,392 $70,368 $79,015 $112,487 $71,455
Change
2024-2025 -1.12%
2021-2025 2.83%
2016-2025 1.52%
2011-2025 -1.32%
2006-2025 -2.05%
2001-2025 6.96%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 2026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026.
CRS-7
Table 4. Chief of Staff
Nominal, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 45 $76,361 $95,000 $104,250 $114,833 $137,020 $106,313 $142,600 $177,407 $194,681 $214,445 $255,877 $198,534
2006 45 $94,000 $119,499 $133,180 $156,750 $159,828 $135,327 $154,207 $196,038 $218,481 $257,148 $262,197 $222,004
2011 45 $103,124 $133,500 $150,833 $165,000 $168,411 $146,853 $151,622 $196,283 $221,768 $242,597 $247,612 $215,915
2016 45 $116,534 $133,820 $148,902 $159,700 $168,411 $147,637 $160,581 $184,401 $205,183 $220,063 $232,066 $203,441
Most Recent Five Years
2021 45 $126,487 $153,239 $168,046 $175,658 $184,483 $164,212 $154,380 $187,031 $205,103 $214,394 $225,165 $200,424
2022 45 $125,085 $172,018 $182,983 $194,900 $202,233 $180,246 $141,357 $194,395 $206,786 $220,253 $228,540 $203,693
2023 45 $104,486 $169,407 $182,600 $197,495 $217,155 $182,377 $113,409 $183,874 $198,194 $214,361 $235,700 $197,952
2024 45 $97,255 $170,000 $188,525 $203,350 $212,100 $184,040 $102,536 $179,232 $198,763 $214,393 $223,618 $194,034
2025 45 $144,041 $174,000 $185,000 $205,533 $225,700 $188,872 $147,970 $178,746 $190,046 $211,139 $231,856 $194,024
Change
2024-2025 -4.39%
2021-2025 -7.34%
2016-2025 -7.38%
2011-2025 -14.30%
2006-2025 -13.01%
2001-2025 -2.38%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 2026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026.
CRS-8
Table 5. Communications Director
Nominal, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 32 $35,233 $51,118 $63,563 $72,000 $99,020 $63,538 $65,796 $95,459 $118,699 $134,456 $184,914 $118,654
2006 45 $29,010 $55,711 $63,095 $73,140 $101,361 $65,260 $47,591 $91,394 $103,507 $119,986 $166,282 $107,058
2011 45 $44,817 $61,800 $78,000 $88,250 $120,000 $77,045 $65,893 $90,863 $114,682 $129,753 $176,434 $113,277
2016 45 $48,000 $58,546 $68,125 $82,680 $120,300 $73,690 $66,143 $80,675 $93,875 $113,931 $165,771 $101,543
Most Recent Five Years
2021 45 $60,000 $76,578 $85,500 $98,500 $129,008 $87,658 $73,231 $93,465 $104,354 $120,221 $157,457 $106,988
2022 45 $71,872 $84,812 $95,046 $109,296 $153,917 $97,467 $81,221 $95,845 $107,410 $123,513 $173,938 $110,146
2023 45 $76,500 $97,500 $105,000 $112,083 $172,875 $105,014 $83,033 $105,827 $113,967 $121,655 $187,639 $113,983
2024 45 $80,500 $95,375 $101,000 $111,000 $176,281 $105,127 $84,872 $100,554 $106,485 $117,028 $185,854 $110,836
2025 45 $72,000 $95,250 $102,500 $115,200 $215,250 $106,361 $73,964 $97,848 $105,296 $118,342 $221,121 $109,262
Change
2024-2025 -1.12%
2021-2025 0.90%
2016-2025 12.17%
2011-2025 -8.18%
2006-2025 1.73%
2001-2025 -11.29%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 2026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026.
CRS-9
Table 6. Constituent Services Director
Nominal, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2022 40 $56,458 $71,517 $81,292 $90,875 $118,794 $81,873 $63,803 $80,820 $91,866 $102,696 $134,247 $92,523
2023 27 $48,250 $85,208 $94,750 $104,873 $145,208 $94,189 $52,371 $92,485 $102,842 $113,830 $157,609 $102,232
2024 45 $63,300 $79,530 $87,500 $100,500 $138,873 $90,032 $66,738 $83,849 $92,252 $105,958 $146,415 $94,921
2025 45 $55,000 $80,244 $87,600 $99,875 $146,914 $90,626 $56,500 $82,433 $89,989 $102,599 $150,921 $93,098
Change
2024-2025 -2.45%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 2026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026.
CRS-10
Table 7. Constituent Services Representative
Nominal, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 30 $25,894 $28,789 $32,791 $37,401 $46,880 $33,815 $48,356 $53,762 $61,235 $69,844 $87,546 $63,148
2006 45 $21,500 $33,523 $38,750 $42,417 $52,167 $38,263 $35,271 $54,995 $63,569 $69,584 $85,579 $62,770
2011 45 $28,500 $39,000 $44,667 $54,000 $72,298 $46,425 $41,903 $57,341 $65,673 $79,395 $106,298 $68,259
2016 45 $22,903 $39,775 $44,000 $56,400 $74,417 $46,874 $31,559 $54,809 $60,631 $77,718 $102,544 $64,592
Most Recent Five Years
2021 45 $24,060 $47,500 $52,500 $58,348 $70,500 $52,157 $29,366 $57,975 $64,077 $71,215 $86,047 $63,658
2022 45 $42,667 $55,000 $59,000 $67,583 $90,000 $61,220 $48,217 $62,154 $66,675 $76,375 $101,707 $69,183
2023 45 $49,500 $58,000 $62,806 $70,833 $106,767 $65,582 $53,727 $62,953 $68,169 $76,883 $115,885 $71,183
2024 45 $49,000 $58,833 $62,292 $72,000 $110,750 $65,751 $51,661 $62,028 $65,674 $75,910 $116,764 $69,322
2025 45 $51,840 $61,600 $66,833 $75,000 $95,000 $69,240 $53,254 $63,280 $68,656 $77,046 $97,591 $71,129
Change
2024-2025 4.54%
2021-2025 7.15%
2016-2025 13.24%
2011-2025 4.54%
2006-2025 8.00%
2001-2025 12.12%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 2026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026.
CRS-11
Table 8. Deputy Chief of Staff
Nominal, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2021 36 $72,500 $98,500 $117,583 $135,000 $178,858 $108,065 $88,488 $120,221 $143,513 $164,770 $218,300 $131,895
2022 38 $85,667 $117,061 $130,977 $149,396 $183,783 $133,752 $96,810 $132,289 $148,014 $168,829 $207,690 $151,150
2023 45 $89,000 $112,200 $127,750 $153,456 $200,989 $123,162 $96,601 $121,782 $138,660 $166,562 $218,154 $133,681
2024 45 $76,875 $122,333 $135,884 $101,988 $206,852 $139,877 $81,050 $128,977 $143,263 $107,526 $218,085 $147,473
2025 45 $100,833 $130,542 $139,100 $162,706 $199,400 $145,422 $103,584 $134,102 $142,894 $167,143 $204,839 $149,388
Change
2024-2025 -0.26%
2021-2025 -0.43%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 2026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026.
CRS-12
Table 9. District Deputy Director
Nominal, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2021 26 $45,583 $65,000 $79,772 $82,940 $102,000 $76,438 $55,635 $79,334 $97,364 $101,230 $124,493 $93,294
2022 31 $61,813 $81,306 $92,917 $101,216 $131,250 $94,046 $69,853 $91,882 $105,003 $114,382 $148,323 $106,280
2023 37 $62,000 $82,000 $88,667 $97,782 $148,420 $91,217 $67,295 $89,003 $96,239 $106,133 $161,095 $99,007
2024 40 $60,000 $72,144 $89,650 $98,333 $117,383 $89,776 $63,258 $76,062 $94,519 $103,673 $123,758 $94,651
2025 45 $53,625 $83,000 $92,000 $101,933 $120,850 $93,324 $55,088 $85,264 $94,509 $104,714 $124,146 $95,869
Change
2024-2025 -0.01%
2021-2025 -2.93%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 2026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026.
CRS-13
Table 10. District Director
Nominal, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 45 $49,538 $58,667 $72,844 $78,240 $101,624 $70,062 $92,509 $109,557 $136,033 $146,109 $189,777 $130,837
2006 45 $53,000 $76,630 $84,501 $95,958 $141,100 $86,077 $86,946 $125,711 $138,624 $157,419 $231,474 $141,210
2011 45 $68,000 $84,000 $93,519 $111,250 $165,000 $99,733 $99,979 $123,504 $137,500 $163,569 $242,597 $146,636
2016 45 $58,417 $79,500 $89,750 $105,917 $145,265 $94,988 $80,497 $109,549 $123,673 $145,951 $200,172 $130,892
Most Recent Five Years
2021 45 $74,900 $90,000 $99,833 $113,350 $179,000 $105,009 $91,417 $109,847 $121,848 $138,346 $218,473 $128,166
2022 45 $85,250 $105,931 $122,500 $137,617 $202,233 $126,800 $96,339 $119,710 $138,435 $155,518 $228,540 $143,295
2023 45 $73,500 $101,000 $117,433 $127,083 $212,100 $117,564 $79,777 $109,626 $127,462 $137,936 $230,214 $127,604
2024 45 $62,833 $109,750 $119,592 $134,333 $176,250 $121,005 $66,246 $115,710 $126,086 $141,628 $185,821 $127,576
2025 45 $77,292 $107,000 $124,191 $139,417 $186,725 $123,894 $79,400 $109,918 $127,578 $143,219 $191,818 $127,274
Change
2024-2025 1.18%
2021-2025 4.70%
2016-2025 3.16%
2011-2025 -7.22%
2006-2025 -7.97%
2001-2025 -6.21%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 2026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026.
CRS-14
Table 11. Field Representative
Nominal, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 45 $22,131 $31,250 $35,500 $40,795 $75,275 $38,242 $41,328 $58,358 $66,294 $76,182 $140,572 $71,415
2006 45 $24,750 $40,471 $45,743 $52,759 $90,454 $47,080 $40,602 $66,393 $75,041 $86,551 $148,389 $77,235
2011 45 $21,000 $40,333 $45,450 $53,000 $72,992 $46,732 $30,876 $59,301 $66,824 $77,925 $107,318 $68,710
2016 45 $25,000 $39,050 $47,667 $56,250 $71,890 $48,188 $34,449 $53,810 $65,684 $77,511 $99,062 $66,401
Most Recent Five Years
2021 45 $35,000 $48,000 $54,500 $63,292 $79,600 $55,726 $42,718 $58,585 $66,518 $77,249 $97,153 $68,015
2022 45 $47,167 $55,583 $66,400 $76,000 $122,750 $67,174 $53,302 $62,814 $75,037 $85,886 $138,717 $75,912
2023 45 $41,625 $60,000 $65,250 $74,000 $100,462 $67,138 $45,180 $65,124 $70,822 $80,320 $109,042 $72,871
2024 45 $48,333 $60,000 $65,500 $76,100 $95,000 $67,303 $50,958 $63,258 $69,057 $80,233 $100,159 $70,958
2025 45 $49,000 $61,000 $66,917 $74,900 $107,065 $68,031 $50,336 $62,664 $68,742 $76,943 $109,985 $69,887
Change
2024-2025 -0.46%
2021-2025 3.34%
2016-2025 4.66%
2011-2025 2.87%
2006-2025 -8.39%
2001-2025 3.69%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 2026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026.
CRS-15
Table 12. Legislative Assistant
Nominal, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 45 $30,154 $37,748 $41,092 $45,676 $70,000 $43,493 $56,311 $70,493 $76,736 $85,297 $130,721 $81,220
2006 45 $35,994 $45,500 $48,750 $55,928 $69,631 $50,584 $59,049 $74,643 $79,974 $91,749 $114,230 $82,983
2011 45 $32,500 $42,992 $48,863 $53,333 $96,400 $50,506 $47,784 $63,211 $71,842 $78,415 $141,735 $74,258
2016 45 $36,896 $46,500 $49,400 $59,583 $72,967 $52,276 $50,842 $64,076 $68,072 $82,104 $100,546 $72,035
Most Recent Five Years
2021 45 $40,700 $55,325 $59,190 $65,597 $95,417 $61,575 $49,675 $67,525 $72,243 $80,063 $116,458 $75,153
2022 45 $48,750 $65,304 $70,832 $79,592 $118,333 $72,560 $55,091 $73,799 $80,046 $89,945 $133,726 $81,999
2023 45 $51,000 $68,000 $73,000 $78,000 $90,725 $73,008 $55,355 $73,808 $79,234 $84,661 $98,473 $79,243
2024 45 $60,000 $72,111 $77,000 $85,250 $115,000 $78,866 $63,258 $76,027 $81,181 $89,880 $121,245 $83,148
2025 45 $60,000 $76,000 $77,983 $83,938 $89,583 $78,712 $61,637 $78,073 $80,110 $86,227 $92,027 $80,859
Change
2024-2025 -1.32%
2021-2025 10.89%
2016-2025 17.68%
2011-2025 11.51%
2006-2025 0.17%
2001-2025 4.40%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 2026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026.
$40
$63
$85
Nominal $ Constant $ Median Pay
CRS-16
Table 13. Legislative Correspondent
Nominal, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 31 $24,500 $27,750 $31,313 $33,167 $84,267 $33,552 $45,752 $51,822 $58,474 $61,937 $157,363 $62,657
2006 45 $27,583 $33,500 $36,750 $42,500 $73,315 $39,217 $45,250 $54,957 $60,288 $69,721 $120,274 $64,335
2011 45 $28,833 $37,000 $39,600 $43,750 $86,250 $42,489 $42,393 $54,400 $58,223 $64,325 $126,812 $62,471
2016 45 $25,000 $37,000 $40,255 $43,000 $58,667 $40,713 $34,449 $50,985 $55,470 $59,253 $80,841 $56,102
Most Recent Five Years
2021 39 $38,667 $50,744 $54,487 $54,535 $54,583 $52,023 $47,193 $61,933 $66,502 $66,561 $66,620 $63,496
2022 45 $44,167 $53,833 $59,749 $65,271 $107,833 $61,963 $49,912 $60,836 $67,522 $73,762 $121,860 $70,023
2023 34 $49,500 $57,570 $64,004 $71,877 $133,000 $66,898 $53,727 $62,487 $69,470 $78,015 $144,358 $72,611
2024 45 $49,505 $60,500 $65,500 $70,400 $82,778 $65,948 $52,194 $63,785 $69,057 $74,223 $87,273 $69,530
2025 28 $52,000 $58,125 $61,250 $69,165 $90,000 $64,525 $53,418 $59,710 $62,921 $71,051 $92,455 $66,285
Change
2024-2025 -8.89%
2021-2025 -5.39%
2016-2025 13.43%
2011-2025 8.07%
2006-2025 4.37%
2001-2025 7.60%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 2026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026.
CRS-17
Table 14. Legislative Director
Nominal, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 45 $47,000 $60,000 $66,250 $72,458 $91,412 $66,932 $87,770 $112,047 $123,718 $135,311 $170,706 $124,991
2006 45 $55,542 $66,318 $74,515 $87,550 $101,917 $76,599 $91,117 $108,795 $122,241 $143,625 $167,194 $125,660
2011 45 $47,075 $76,978 $86,750 $93,750 $117,500 $85,639 $69,214 $113,179 $127,547 $137,839 $172,758 $125,914
2016 45 $63,722 $77,000 $85,500 $94,359 $128,150 $87,306 $87,808 $106,104 $117,817 $130,025 $176,588 $120,306
Most Recent Five Years
2021 45 $75,667 $85,870 $95,021 $101,500 $127,000 $95,449 $92,353 $104,806 $115,975 $123,883 $155,006 $116,498
2022 45 $51,000 $101,833 $109,453 $117,500 $147,500 $110,099 $57,634 $115,079 $123,691 $132,785 $166,687 $124,421
2023 45 $80,786 $105,000 $110,500 $118,200 $147,500 $111,853 $87,685 $113,967 $119,937 $128,294 $160,097 $121,405
2024 45 $92,111 $109,250 $118,250 $123,750 $184,750 $120,314 $97,113 $115,183 $124,672 $130,470 $194,783 $126,848
2025 45 $91,340 $111,667 $119,400 $131,278 $171,000 $123,112 $93,831 $114,712 $122,657 $134,858 $175,664 $126,470
Change
2024-2025 -1.62%
2021-2025 5.76%
2016-2025 4.11%
2011-2025 -3.83%
2006-2025 0.34%
2001-2025 -0.86%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 2026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026.
CRS-18
Table 15. Operations Director
Nominal, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2022 21 $63,917 $79,000 $87,500 $104,833 $153,693 $95,676 $72,231 $89,276 $98,882 $118,470 $173,686 $108,122
2023 27 $48,250 $85,208 $94,750 $104,873 $145,208 $94,189 $52,371 $92,485 $102,842 $113,830 $157,609 $102,232
2024 45 $50,225 $81,217 $92,356 $111,961 $161,597 $96,461 $52,952 $85,627 $97,371 $118,041 $170,373 $101,699
2025 32 $77,000 $88,813 $96,969 $110,208 $145,042 $100,258 $79,100 $91,235 $99,614 $113,214 $148,998 $102,992
Change
2024-2025 2.30%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 2026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026.
CRS-19
Table 16. Scheduler
Nominal, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 19 $34,117 $37,125 $42,286 $45,066 $57,000 $42,699 $63,711 $69,329 $78,966 $84,158 $106,444 $79,738
2006 42 $30,167 $39,006 $47,817 $57,594 $83,000 $50,781 $49,488 $63,989 $78,443 $94,483 $136,161 $83,307
2011 26 $35,000 $40,312 $49,309 $61,680 $90,942 $53,293 $51,460 $59,271 $72,499 $90,686 $133,711 $78,356
2016 45 $35,000 $44,940 $51,202 $56,604 $92,500 $52,758 $48,229 $61,926 $70,556 $77,999 $127,463 $72,700
Most Recent Five Years
2021 45 $30,867 $52,375 $59,000 $67,367 $131,333 $60,932 $37,673 $63,925 $72,011 $82,222 $160,295 $74,369
2022 45 $50,960 $68,033 $74,458 $79,698 $107,250 $74,378 $57,589 $76,883 $84,144 $90,065 $121,201 $84,054
2023 38 $50,000 $69,203 $75,323 $85,965 $161,000 $79,104 $54,270 $75,113 $81,756 $93,306 $174,750 $85,860
2024 45 $48,667 $68,500 $73,500 $82,030 $110,889 $77,006 $51,310 $72,220 $77,491 $86,485 $116,911 $81,187
2025 45 $55,181 $70,000 $76,300 $80,327 $116,667 $77,816 $56,686 $71,909 $78,381 $82,518 $119,849 $79,939
Change
2024-2025 1.15%
2021-2025 8.85%
2016-2025 11.09%
2011-2025 8.11%
2006-2025 -0.08%
2001-2025 -0.74%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 2026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026.
CRS-20
Table 17. Senior Legislative Assistant
Nominal, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2021 31 $42,325 $61,250 $67,250 $77,792 $109,000 $69,995 $51,658 $74,757 $82,080 $94,946 $133,037 $85,430
2022 38 $59,622 $77,552 $83,156 $91,124 $121,333 $85,913 $67,378 $87,640 $93,973 $102,977 $137,117 $97,088
2023 26 $58,214 $80,250 $88,000 $93,646 $123,222 $88,416 $63,185 $87,103 $95,515 $101,644 $133,746 $95,967
2024 39 $60,297 $74,000 $84,700 $89,000 $108,453 $84,219 $63,571 $78,019 $89,300 $93,833 $114,342 $88,792
2025 25 $65,000 $82,000 $88,750 $93,817 $116,650 $87,900 $66,773 $84,237 $91,171 $96,375 $119,832 $90,298
Change
2024-2025 2.10%
2021-2025 11.08%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 2026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. “—” indicates no data available. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026.
CRS-21
Table 18. Staff Assistant
Nominal, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 45 $21,667 $28,750 $31,000 $35,166 $79,516 $33,302 $40,461 $53,689 $57,891 $65,670 $148,491 $62,189
2006 45 $21,834 $31,500 $35,167 $42,917 $63,830 $38,120 $35,818 $51,676 $57,691 $70,405 $104,714 $62,536
2011 45 $26,250 $31,127 $34,833 $43,325 $87,500 $38,681 $38,595 $45,765 $51,215 $63,700 $128,650 $56,871
2016 45 $19,000 $30,000 $33,413 $38,139 $64,183 $34,941 $26,182 $41,339 $46,042 $52,555 $88,443 $48,148
Most Recent Five Years
2021 45 $24,583 $39,500 $44,383 $50,602 $66,000 $44,646 $30,004 $48,210 $54,171 $61,760 $80,554 $54,491
2022 45 $37,667 $48,950 $53,667 $60,507 $86,879 $56,209 $42,566 $55,317 $60,648 $68,378 $98,181 $63,521
2023 45 $45,000 $50,625 $56,472 $59,250 $89,667 $56,840 $48,843 $54,948 $61,295 $64,310 $97,324 $61,695
2024 45 $47,000 $54,000 $57,717 $64,000 $81,973 $59,560 $49,552 $56,933 $60,851 $67,476 $86,425 $62,794
2025 45 $46,497 $54,867 $60,007 $65,400 $81.292 $60,657 $47,765 $56,363 $61,643 $67,184 $204,839 $62,311
Change
2024-2025 1.30%
2021-2025 13.79%
2016-2025 33.89%
2011-2025 20.36%
2006-2025 6.85%
2001-2025 6.48%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 2026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026.
Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2001-2025
Congressional Research Service R44323 · VERSION 17 · UPDATED 22
Author Information
R. Eric Petersen Specialist in American National Government
Jane M. Wright
Research Assistant
Acknowledgments
A number of CRS staff made substantial contributions to this report. William T. Egar, former Analyst in American National Government, provided technical assistance and authored a section of the report. Sandra L. Edwards, User Support Specialist, and Andrew M. Schaefer, Editor, provided formatting, editorial, and production support.
Previous versions of the report were supported by the following. Tyler L. Wolanin, Raymond T. Williams and Lara Chausow, former Research Assistants, were coauthors and collected some of the data provided. Barbara L. Schwemle, Analyst in American National Government, provided technical assistance. Casey Burgat, former Research Assistant, provided update support. Jonathan P. Kardashian, User Support Specialist, Wendy Matera, User Support Specialist, Michael M. McCarthy, Editor, Claudia Guidi, formerly a User Support Specialist, and Alex Marine, former Editor, provided formatting, editorial, and production support. Jacobo Licona, Brian Hamel, Joe Wisniewski, and Claire Laurence, former CRS interns, collected data for this report.
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