Appropriations for FY2001: Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education

Order Code RL30503
Report for Congress
Received through the CRS Web
Appropriations for FY2001: Labor, Health and
Human Services, and Education
Updated January 18, 2001
Paul M. Irwin
Specialist in Social Legislation
Domestic Social Policy Division
Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

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Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process that includes budget
resolutions, appropriations (regular, supplemental, and continuing) bills, rescissions, and
budget reconciliation bills. The process begins with the President’s budget request and is
bounded by the rules of the House and Senate, the Congressional Budget and Impoundment
Control Act of 1974 (as amended), the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990, and current program
authorizations.
This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress considers
each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate
Appropriations Subcommittees on Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education. It
summarizes the current legislative status of the bill, its scope, major issues, funding levels,
and related legislative activity. The report lists the key CRS staff relevant to the issues
covered and related CRS products.
This report is updated as soon as possible after major legislative developments, especially
following legislative action in the committees and on the floor of the House and Senate.
NOTE: A Web version of this document with
active links is available to congressional staff at
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/apppage.html]

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Appropriations for FY2001: Labor, Health and Human
Services, and Education
Summary
This report tracks the enactment by the 106th Congress of the FY2001
appropriations for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and
Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED). This Act provides discretionary
funds for three federal departments and related agencies. The report summarizes
L-HHS-ED discretionary funding issues, but not authorization or entitlement issues.
On February 7, 2000, the President submitted the FY2001 budget request to the
Congress. Following a series of 21 continuing resolutions, the President signed
H.R. 4577 into law, as P.L. 106-554, on December 21, 2001. The L-HHS-ED
“program level” funding was $97.2 billion in FY2000; for FY2001, $107.1 billion was
requested, and $109.3 billion is enacted. “Program level” means discretionary funds
from the current Act for any year. Comparable “current year” amounts are $85.5
billion, $106.1 billion, and $108.9 billion, respectively. “Current year” means
discretionary funds for this year from any Act. The FY2000 funding for L-HHS-ED
programs was enacted primarily through P.L. 106-113.
U.S. Department of Labor (DOL): DOL program level funding was $11.3
billion in FY2000, and $11.9 billion is enacted for FY2001; respective current year
amounts are $8.8 billion and $11.9 billion. Increases of at least $100 million are
provided for the Workforce Investment Act, State Unemployment Insurance and
Employment Service Operations, and Departmental Management.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS): DHHS program
level funding was $41.7 billion in FY2000, and $46.5 billion is enacted; respective
current year amounts are $40.3 billion and $48.8 billion. Increases of at least $100
million are provided for Community Health Centers, Health Professions, Ryan White
AIDS programs, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of
Health, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration, Head Start, and the
Administration on Aging. Funding is reduced for the Low-Income Home Energy
Assistance Program, and the Child Care and Development Block Grant.
U.S. Department of Education (ED): ED program level funding was $35.6
billion in FY2000, and $42.1 billion is enacted; respective current year amounts are
$29.4 billion and $40.0 billion. Increases of at least $100 million are provided for
Education Technology, 21st Century Community Learning Centers, Title I Grants to
Local Educational Agencies, Eisenhower Professional Development, Class Size
Reduction, School Repair, Special Education, Pell Grants, and Aid for Institutional
Development. Funding is reduced for Goals 2000: Educate America Act.
Related Agencies: Program level funding for related agencies was $8.2 billion
in FY2000, and $8.8 billion is enacted; respective current year amounts are $8.1
billion and $8.7 billion. Increases of at least $100 million are provided for the
Supplemental Security Income program and for Administrative Expenses at the Social
Security Administration.

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Key Policy Staff
CRS
Area of Expertise
Name
Division Telephone
Coordinator
Paul M. Irwin
DSP
7-7573
U.S. Department of Labor
Job training and employment services
Ann Lordeman
DSP
7-2323
Labor standards enforcement
William G. Whittaker
DSP
7-7759
Labor market information
Linda Levine
DSP
7-7756
Mine Safety and Health Administration
Edward B. Rappaport
DSP
7-7740
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Edward B. Rappaport
DSP
7-7740
Older Americans Act, employment programs
Carol O’Shaughnessy
DSP
7-7329
Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration
James R. Storey
DSP
7-7308
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation
James R. Storey
DSP
7-7308
School-to-Work Opportunities Act
Richard N. Apling
DSP
7-7352
Trade Adjustment Assistance
Celinda Franco
DSP
7-7360
Unemployment compensation
Celinda Franco
DSP
7-7360
Welfare-to-Work
Christine Devere
DSP
7-2587
Welfare-to-Work
Gene Falk
DSP
7-7344
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Abortion, legal issues
Karen J. Lewis
ALD
7-6190
Abortion, legal issues
Kenneth R. Thomas
ALD
7-5006
AIDS, Ryan White programs
Judith A. Johnson
DSP
7-7077
Cancer research
Judith A. Johnson
DSP
7-7077
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Pamela W. Smith
DSP
7-7048
Child care
Melinda Gish
DSP
7-4618
Child welfare
Karen Spar
DSP
7-7319
Family planning
Sharon Kearney
DSP
7-7367
Head Start
Melinda Gish
DSP
7-4618
Health professions education and training
Bernice
DSP
7-2260
Reyes-Akinbileje
Immigration and refugee policy
Ruth Wasem
DSP
7-7342
Immunization
Pamela W. Smith
DSP
7-7048
Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program
Melinda Gish
DSP
7-4618
Maternal and Child Health Block Grant
Sharon Kearney
DSP
7-7367
Medicaid
Elicia Herz
DSP
7-1377
Medicare
Jennifer O’Sullivan
DSP
7-7359
Needle exchange
Judith A. Johnson
DSP
7-7077
NIH, health research policy
Pamela W. Smith
DSP
7-7048
NIH, health research policy
Judith A. Johnson
DSP
7-7077
Older Americans Act
Carol O’Shaughnessy
DSP
7-7329
Social Services Block Grant
Melinda Gish
DSP
7-4618
State Children’s Health Insurance Program
Evelyne Baumrucker
DSP
7-8913
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
C. Stephen Redhead
DSP
7-2261
Tobacco settlement
C. Stephen Redhead
DSP
7-2261
Welfare reform
Vee Burke
DSP
7-7304
Welfare reform
Gene Falk
DSP
7-7344

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CRS
Area of Expertise
Name
Division Telephone
U.S. Department of Education
Adult education and literacy
Paul M. Irwin
DSP
7-7573
Bilingual education
Patricia Osorio-O’Dea
DSP
7-2393
ED-FLEX
Wayne C. Riddle
DSP
7-7382
Education block grants
Wayne C. Riddle
DSP
7-7382
Education block grants
Paul M. Irwin
DSP
7-7573
Education of the Disadvantaged, Title I
Wayne C. Riddle
DSP
7-7382
Education technology
James B. Stedman
DSP
7-7356
Education technology
Patricia Osorio-O’Dea
DSP
7-2393
Impact Aid
Richard N. Apling
DSP
7-7352
National education goals, Goals 2000
James B. Stedman
DSP
7-7356
Pell Grants
Margot A. Schenet
DSP
7-7378
Reading Excellence Act
Gail McCallion
DSP
7-7758
Rehabilitation Act
Carol O’Shaughnessy
DSP
7-7329
Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities
Edith Fairman Cooper
DSP
7-7019
School facilities
Susan Boren
DSP
7-6899
School-to-Work Opportunities Act
Richard N. Apling
DSP
7-7352
Special education, IDEA
Richard N. Apling
DSP
7-7352
Special education, IDEA
Nancy Lee Jones
ALD
7-6976
Student aid
Margot A. Schenet
DSP
7-7378
Student loans
Adam Stoll
DSP
7-4375
Teacher recruitment, preparation, and training
James B. Stedman
DSP
7-7356
TRIO, GEAR UP
James B. Stedman
DSP
7-7356
21st Century Community Learning Centers
Gail McCallion
DSP
7-7758
Related Agencies
Corporation for National and Community Service Ann Lordeman
DSP
7-2323
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
Bernevia McCalip
G&F
7-7781
Library services
Gail McCallion
DSP
7-7758
National Labor Relations Board
Gail McCallion
DSP
7-7758
National Labor Relations Board
Jon Shimabukuro
ALD
7-7990
Railroad Retirement Board
Rachel W. Kelly
DSP
7-4271
Social Security Administration
David S. Koitz
DSP
7-7322
Social Security Administration
Geoffrey Kollmann
DSP
7-7316
Supplemental Security Income
Rachel W. Kelly
DSP
7-4271
Division abbreviations: ALD = American Law; DSP = Domestic Social Policy; G&F = Government
and Finance.

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Contents
Most Recent Developments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Summary and Key Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Program Level and Current Year Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Funding Changes Proposed by the President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Presidential Veto Threat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
House Legislative Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Senate Legislative Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Public Law Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
302(a) and 302(b) Allocation Ceilings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Advance Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Major Funding Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
For Additional Reading, Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
CRS Issue Briefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Other CRS Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Selected World Wide Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
U.S. Department of Labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Key Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
President’s Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
House Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Senate Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Public Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
For Additional Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
CRS Issue Briefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
CRS Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Selected World Wide Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Detailed Appropriation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Key Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
President’s Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
House Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Senate Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Public Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Abortion: A Perennial L-HHS-ED Issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
For Additional Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
CRS Issue Briefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
CRS Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Selected World Wide Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Detailed Appropriation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
U.S. Department of Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Key Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
President’s Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
House Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

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Senate Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Public Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Forward Funding and Advance Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
For Additional Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
CRS Issue Briefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
CRS Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Selected World Wide Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Detailed Appropriation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Related Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Key Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
President’s Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
House Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Senate Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Public Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
For Additional Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
CRS Issue Briefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
CRS Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Selected World Wide Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Detailed Appropriation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Related Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
FY2001 Continuing Resolutions: P.L. 106-275, as Amended . . . . . . . . . 48
FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 106-246 (H.R. 4425) . . . . . . 49
FY2001 Budget Resolution, H.Con.Res. 290/S.Con.Res. 101 . . . . . . . . . 50
Appropriations in the 106th Congress, First Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Appendix A: Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Appendix B: Scope of the L-HHS-ED Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
List of Tables
Table 1. Legislative Status of Labor, Health and Human Services,
and Education Appropriations, FY2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Table 2. Summary of L-HHS-ED Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Table 3. 302(b) Discretionary Allocations for L-HHS-ED Programs . . . . . . . . 13
Table 4. L-HHS-ED Discretionary Funding Trends From FY1996 . . . . . . . . . 15
Table 5. Department of Labor Discretionary Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table 6. Detailed Department of Labor Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Table 7. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Discretionary Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Table 8. Detailed Department of Health and Human Services Appropriations . 30
Table 9. Department of Education Discretionary Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Table 10. Detailed Department of Education Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Table 11. Related Agencies Discretionary Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Table 12. Detailed Related Agencies Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Table B.1. Scope of the L-HHS-ED Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

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Appropriations for FY2001: Labor, Health
and Human Services, and Education
Most Recent Developments
The provisions of H.R. 5656, the Departments of Labor, Health and Human
Services, and Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED) Appropriations Act,
2001, were enacted into law by cross reference in §1(a)(1) of H.R. 4577, the
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2001, which was signed into law by the President
December 21, 2000, as P.L. 106-554.
Prior to the enactment of P.L. 106-554, a series of 21 continuing resolutions
provided interim FY2001 funding from October 1, 2000, to December 21, 2000. In
earlier action, the House passed H.R. 4577, the FY2001 bill for L-HHS-ED
appropriations on June 14, 2000, and the Senate passed an amendment to H.R. 4577
that included the provisions of S. 2553 on June 30, 2000. On April 13, 2000, the
House and Senate reached agreement on the FY2001 Budget Resolution, H.Con.Res.
290, setting the aggregate spending limits for FY2001 appropriations. The President
submitted the FY2001 budget request to the Congress on February 7, 2000.
Status
Table 1 tracks the key legislative steps that are necessary to enact the FY2001
L-HHS-ED Appropriations Act.
Table 1. Legislative Status of Labor, Health and Human
Services,
and Education Appropriations, FY2001
Subcommittee
Conference
markup
report approval
House
House
Senate
Senate
Conference
House
Senate
Report
passage
Report
passage
Report
House
Senate
Public law
H.R. 4577
S. 2553
12/15/00
P.L. 106-
5/10/00 5/10/00
H.Rept.
6/14/00
S.Rept.
6/30/00
12/15/00
12/15/00
H.Rept.
554
8-6
uc
106-645
217-214 a
106-293
52 - 43 b
292 - 60 d
uc e
106-1033 c
12/21/00 f
29 - 22
28 - 0
Note: uc = unanimous consent.
a The House began consideration of FY2001 L-HHS-ED Appropriations with passage of the rule,
H.Res. 518 (H.Rept. 106-657), that governed House floor debate on H.R. 4577 by a vote of 218-204
(roll call #247), June 8, 2000. Under the provisions of H.Res. 518, a similar rule, H.Res. 515

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CRS-2
(H.Rept. 106-653), was laid on the table. For House consideration of H.Res. 518, see Congressional
Record, daily edition, June 8, 2000, p. H4044-54. For House consideration of H.R. 4577, see
Congressional Record, daily edition, June 8, p. H4055-77, H4087-4106, H4107; June 12, p. H4194-
4215; June 13, p. H4229-4310; and June 14, p. H4367-4436. Roll Call #273 (217-214), June 14,
2000, p. H4436.
b The Senate began consideration of H.R. 4577, as amended by substituting the provisions of
S. 2553, on June 22, 2000. See Congressional Record, daily edition, June 22, p. S5588-5609,
S5628-48; June 23, p. S5713-21, S5725-30; June 26, p. S5781-87; June 27, p. S5823-73; June 28,
p. S5941-6003; June 29, p. S6047-61, S6062-6103; and June 30, 2000, p. S6186-6218. Roll Call
#171 (52-43), June 30, 2000, p. S6218. For the text of H.R. 4577, as amended by the Senate, see
Congressional Record, daily edition, July 10, 2000, p. S6356-97.
c The H.R. 4577 conference report, H.Rept. 106-1033, was filed December 15, 2000. The
conference report includes the text of H.R. 5656, as well as the report language and table for
providing FY2001 L-HHS-ED appropriations. For text of the conference report, see Congressional
Record, Daily Edition, December 15, 2000, p. H12100-12439 and H12531.
d For House passage, see Congressional Record, Daily Edition, December 15, 2000, p. H12100-
12439 and H12442-12502. Passage was by Roll Call #603 (292-60), December 15, 2000, p. H12502.
e For Senate passage, see Congressional Record, Daily Edition, December 15, 2000, p. S11855-
11885. Passage was by unanimous consent.
f A series of 21 continuing resolutions, beginning with P.L. 106-275 (H.J.Res. 109), extended
funding for existing L-HHS-ED programs for the period from October 1 to December 21, 2000 (see
Related Legislation, p. 48).
DATA NOTE: Unless otherwise noted in this report, FY2000 and FY2001
appropriations data are based on the L-HHS-ED table in the H.R. 4577 conference
report, H.Rept. 106-1033, which was filed December 15, 2000. Data for FY2000
from this table include funds from the Emergency Supplemental Act, 2000 (Division
B of P.L. 106-246, July 13, 2000), providing supplemental appropriations and
rescissions for L-HHS-ED programs. FY2001 House and Senate data from the
conference table correspond to appropriations that would have been provided by (1)
H.R. 4577, as passed by the House on June 14, 2000, and (2) H.R. 4577, as amended
with the provisions of S. 2553 and passed by the Senate on June 30, 2000. In most
cases data represent net funding for specific programs and activities and take into
account current and forward funding, advance appropriations, rescissions, and
supplementals; however, all data are subject to additional budgetary scorekeeping.
Except where noted, budget data refer only to those programs within the purview of
the L-HHS-ED appropriations bill, and not to all programs within the jurisdiction of
the relevant departments and agencies.
Summary and Key Issues
This report describes the President’s proposal for FY2001 appropriations for
L-HHS-ED programs as submitted to the Congress February 7, 2000. It compares
the President’s FY2001 request to the FY2000 L-HHS-ED amounts. It tracks
legislative action and congressional issues related to the FY2001 L-HHS-ED
appropriations bill, with particular attention paid to discretionary programs. In
addition, the report summarizes activities related to the annual budget process, such
as the congressional budget resolution, continuing resolutions, and supplemental
appropriations (see Related Legislation, page 48). However, the report does not
follow specific funding issues related to mandatory L-HHS-ED programs — such as
Medicare or Social Security — nor will it follow the authorizing legislation necessary
prior to funding some of the President’s initiatives. For a glossary of budget terms,

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please see Appendix A: Terminology (page 53). For a discussion of the L-HHS-ED
bill jurisdiction, please see Appendix B: Scope of the L-HHS-ED Bill (page 54).
The L-HHS-ED bill typically is one of the more controversial of the 13 regular
appropriation bills, not only because of the size of its funding total and the scope of
its programs, but also because of the continuing importance of various related issues,
such as restrictions on the use of federal funds for abortion. This bill provides most
of the discretionary funds for three federal departments and several related agencies
including the Social Security Administration (SSA). Of the 13 annual appropriation
bills, the L-HHS-ED bill is the largest single source of discretionary funds for
domestic federal programs; the Defense bill is the largest source of discretionary funds
among all federal programs. For FY2000, the L-HHS-ED bill accounted for $96.6
billion (16.3%) and the Defense bill accounted for $272.7 billion (46.1%) of the
estimated $591.5 billion total for all federal discretionary budget authority.1 This
section summarizes the larger funding changes proposed for L-HHS-ED, as well as
related budget issues such as 302(b) allocations and advance appropriations. Later
sections will provide additional details for each L-HHS-ED department.
Program Level and Current Year Appropriations
Table 2 summarizes the L-HHS-ED appropriations for FY2001, including both
discretionary and mandatory appropriations.
Table 2 shows various aggregate measures of the FY2001 L-HHS-ED
Appropriations, including discretionary program level, current year, and advance
appropriations, as well as mandatory appropriations in the L-HHS-ED bill. Because
appropriations may consist of mixtures of budget authority enacted in various years,
at least two summary measures are used: program level appropriations and current
year appropriations. Program level appropriations reflect the total discretionary
appropriations in a given bill, regardless of the year in which they will be spent, and
therefore include advance funding for future years. Current year appropriations
represent discretionary appropriations in a given bill for the current year, plus
discretionary appropriations for the current year that were enacted in prior years.
Current year discretionary appropriations are similar to the amount counted for the
302(b) allocations ceilings (discussed later, p. 13). An advance appropriation is
funding that will become available in a fiscal year beyond the fiscal year for which the
appropriations act is enacted, for example, funds included in the FY2000 Act that
cannot be spent until FY2001 at the earliest. Scorekeeping adjustments are made
to account for special funding situations; the Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
monitors these adjustments. All of these amounts are shown in Table 2, along with
current year funding for mandatory programs and some grand totals for the
L-HHS-ED bill. How do these terms fit together? For an “operational definition,”
program level funding equals (a) current year, plus (b) advances for future years,
minus (c) advances from prior years, plus (d) scorekeeping adjustments.
1In this comparison, FY2000 discretionary budget authority is based on the Budget of the
United States Government Fiscal Year 2001, Table S-8.

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Table 2. Summary of L-HHS-ED Appropriations
($ in billions)
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Type of funding
final a
request
House
Senate
conference
Discretionary appropriations
Program level (from the
$97.2
$107.1
$102.7
$104.4
$109.3
current bill for any year)
Current year (for the current
85.5
106.1
99.5
100.5
108.9
year from any bill)
Advances for future years
19.0
19.8
19.8
19.0
18.8
(from the current bill)
Advances from prior years
8.8
18.9
19.0
19.0
19.0
(from previous bills)
Scorekeeping adjustments
1.5
0.1
2.4
3.9
0.6
Current year discretionary and mandatory funding
Discretionary
85.5
106.1
99.5
100.5
108.9
Mandatory
230.8
242.3
242.3
241.2
242.3
Total current year
316.3
348.4
341.8
341.7
351.2
Grand total of funding for L-HHS-ED bill, any year
Grand total any year
330.3
356.1
351.7
352.3
358.3
Source: Amounts are compiled from the H.R. 4577 conference report, H.Rept. 106-1033. Data are
given only for programs included in the L-HHS-ED appropriation bill.
Note: FY2000 and FY2001 mandatory amounts are estimates that are subject to adjustments after
the close of the fiscal year.
a The FY2000 amounts are based on P.L. 106-113 (reflecting the 0.38% general discretionary fund
reduction) and the FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 106-246.
Other FY2000 Discretionary Estimates. The two estimates for FY2000
discretionary appropriations that are shown in Table 2 — $97.2 billion for program
level and $85.5 billion for current year — are based on the H.R. 4577 conference
table. Several other estimates exist for FY2000 L-HHS-ED appropriations which
differ because of scorekeeping and other definitional distinctions. The Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) estimated the FY2000 L-HHS-ED discretionary
total to be $96.6 billion.2 The table in the FY2000 conference report, H.Rept. 106-
479, gave $86.1 billion as the FY2000 current year discretionary total for L-HHS-ED
programs. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) also keeps track of discretionary
appropriations for each Appropriations Subcommittee bill, and shows the total
FY2000 discretionary budget authority (regular and emergency) for L-HHS-ED in
2Budget of the United States Government Fiscal Year 2001, Table S-8.

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“CBO’s Current Status of Discretionary Appropriations.”3 As of December 26, 2000,
CBO estimates these FY2000 amounts as $86.5 billion for both the House and the
Senate; however, these amounts include supplemental appropriations and rescissions,
and may reflect legislation that has been reported or passed only by the House or the
Senate, and does not necessarily distinguish amounts actually enacted.
Funding Changes Proposed by the President
With regard to the President’s FY2001 budget, the issues in the early stages of
the appropriations process generally relate to proposed funding changes. The
summary below notes changes proposed for discretionary budget authority of at least
$100 million, compared to the FY2000 appropriations. Viewing this list by itself
should be done with caution, since the relative impact of a $100 million funding
change to a $500 million program (a 20% increase or decrease) might be greater than
a $100 million change to a $5 billion program (a 2% increase or decrease). Later
discussions for budgets of individual departments include tables to compare the
FY2001 request with the FY2000 funding for many of the major programs in the
L-HHS-ED bill.
! For U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) programs, an additional $730 million is
requested for job training programs authorized by the Workforce Investment
Act of 1998 (WIA); an increase of $176 million is proposed for State
Unemployment Insurance and Employment Service Operations (SUI/ESO);
and an increase of $206 million is requested for activities in the Departmental
Management account. Overall, $12.4 billion in current year discretionary
appropriations is requested, a 40.9% increase over the FY2000 amount of $8.8
billion. For discretionary funding at the program level (discussed below, p. 3),
$12.4 billion is requested (an 9.7% increase); $11.3 billion was provided in
FY2000.
! For U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) programs, the
largest discretionary funding change (in absolute terms) is a requested increase
of $1.6 billion over a 2-year period proposed for the Child Care and
Development Block Grant (CCDBG). Other proposed increases include an
additional $125 million for the Ryan White AIDS programs; an increase of
$216 million for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); an
increase of $1.1 billion for the National Institutes of Health (NIH); a $172
million increase for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration (SAMHSA); $1.0 billion more for Head Start; and $151 million
more for the Administration on Aging. The Public Health and Social Services
Fund (PHSSF) would be reduced by $180 million. Overall, $45.0 billion in
current year discretionary appropriations is requested, an 11.7% increase over
the FY2000 amount of $40.3 billion. For discretionary funding at the program
level, $45.8 billion is requested (an 9.8% increase); $41.7 billion was provided
in FY2000.
3This document shows both budget authority and outlays, and was downloaded from the CBO
website on January 2, 2001, at: [http://www.cbo.gov/].

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! For U.S. Department of Education (ED) programs, the largest proposed
discretionary change (in absolute terms) is $1.3 billion for the School
Renovation Initiative. Other major increases include $137 million more for
Educational Technology programs; an additional $547 million for the 21st
Century Community Learning Centers program; an additional $417 million for
Title I Grants to Local Educational Agencies (LEAs) for the Education of the
Disadvantaged; $690 million for the Teaching to High Standards Initiative;
$450 million more for the Class Size Reduction and Teacher Assistance
program; $373 million for various other School Improvement programs; an
additional $298 million for State Grants under the Individuals with Disabilities
Education Act (IDEA); $716 million more for the Pell Grant program; and an
additional $125 million for Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for
Undergraduate Programs (GEAR UP). A decrease of $408 million is
requested for Goals 2000: Educate America Act programs and $136 million
less for Impact Aid. No funds are requested for either the $335 million
Eisenhower Professional Development program or the $366 million Innovative
Education Program Strategies (education block grant) program. Overall,
$40.1 billion in current year discretionary appropriations is requested, a 36.4%
increase over the FY2000 amount of $29.4 billion. For discretionary funding
at the program level, $40.1 billion is requested (a 12.6% increase); $35.6
billion was provided in FY2000.
! For the related agencies, the budget includes proposed increases of $289
million for the Social Security Administration (SSA) Limitation on
Administrative Expenses, and $238 million for discretionary activities related
to the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. Overall, $8.7 billion in
current year discretionary appropriations is requested, an 7.4% increase over
the FY2000 amount of $8.1 billion in FY2000. For discretionary funding at
the program level, $8.8 billion is requested (a 7.3% increase); $8.2 billion was
provided in FY2000.
! The School-to-Work Opportunities Act program, which was funded at $110
million in FY2000 and jointly administered by DOL and ED, would be
terminated, as specified in the sunset provisions of the statute.
Presidential Veto Threat. On June 14, 2000, on the same evening as the
House passed H.R. 4577, the White House issued a statement by the President stating
that the bill “fails to address critical needs of the American people.” The funding
levels for education, child care, and worker training were singled out as
“unacceptable” and, if left unchanged, would cause the President to veto the bill.
Additional details on what the President considers critical in the FY2001 L-HHS-ED
bill are discussed in Statement of Administration Policy (SAP) published by the Office
of Management and Budget (OMB) on June 7, 2000, with regard to H.R. 4577 as
reported by the House Appropriations Committee, and on June 22, 2000, with regard
to S. 2553, as reported by the Senate Appropriations Committee.4
4A listing and full text of OMB SAPs on all current legislation can be found at:
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/index.html].

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House Legislative Action
The House Appropriations Committee marked up its FY2001 L-HHS-ED bill
on May 24, 2000, and reported H.R. 4577 (H.Rept. 106-645) on June 2 by a vote of
29 to 22. On June 14, 2000, the House amended and passed H.R. 4457 by a vote of
217 to 214 (roll call #273).
House Funding Highlights. As passed by the House, FY2001 funding was
changed by at least $100 million for the following programs or agencies; details and
specific funding amounts are provided in the separate agency summaries below.
! For DOL programs, total funding for WIA programs would be reduced
(compared to FY2000 funding levels), and funding for One-Stop Career
Centers would be eliminated.
! For DHHS programs, funding would be increased for Ryan White AIDS
programs, CDC, NIH, CCDBG, and Head Start. Funding would be reduced
for the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) Program Management.
! For ED programs, funding would be increased for Education Technology, 21st
Century Community Learning Centers, Title I Grants to LEAs, Individuals
with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) State Grants, Pell Grants, and the
TRIO program. Funding would be reduced for Goals 2000: Educate America
Act programs and the Eisenhower Professional Development program. Initial
funding would be provided for the Teacher Empowerment Act, if authorized,
replacing the Class Size Reduction program. Funding would not be provided
for several of the President’s initiatives, including School Renovation;
Teaching to High Standards; and Small, Safe, Successful High Schools.
! For related agencies, funding would be increased for the SSA Limitation on
Administrative Expenses.
House Floor Amendments. On the House floor, 37 amendments were
introduced for consideration. Of these, three were accepted by the House, including:
! A restriction on NIH on granting exclusive, private licensing agreements for
new drugs developed with assistance from NIH research grants
(Representative Sanders);
! A prohibition on the promulgation of any standard for implementing a uniform
medical identifier for private individuals (Representative Paul); and
! A restriction on federal funds from being used to prohibit military recruiting at
secondary schools (Representative Stearns).
Senate Legislative Action
The Senate Appropriations Committee reported its version of the FY2001
L-HHS-ED bill, S. 2553 (S.Rept. 106-293), on May 12, 2000, by a vote of 28 to 0.
On June 30, 2000, the Senate completed consideration of H.R. 4457, as amended by
the substitution of the provisions of S. 2553, and amended and passed H.R. 4577 by
a vote of 52 to 43 (roll call #171).

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Senate Funding Highlights. As passed by the Senate bill, FY2001 funding
was changed by at least $100 million for the following programs and agencies; details
and funding amounts are provided in the separate agency summaries below.
! For DOL programs, funding for Departmental Management would be
increased (compared to FY2000 funding levels).
! For DHHS programs, funding would be increased for Community Health
Centers, CDC, NIH, and Head Start. Funds would be reduced for Health
Professions, the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ), Low-
Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP), CCDBG, and the Public
Health and Social Services Fund (PHSSF). However, program service levels
(the level of services provided regardless of funding source) would be
maintained for LIHEAP and increased for AHRQ. Funds available from
unexpended balances for the State Children’s Hospital Insurance Program
(SCHIP) would be shifted to FY2003.
! For ED programs, funding would be increased for 21st Century Community
Learning Centers, Title I Grants to LEAs, Impact Aid, Eisenhower
Professional Development, Innovative Education Program Strategies, IDEA
State Grants, and Pell Grants. Funding would be decreased for several
Education for the Disadvantaged programs and the Fund for the Improvement
of Education. No funds would be provided for the Class Size Reduction
program, as currently authorized.
! For related agencies, funding would be increased for discretionary activities
under the SSI program and the SSA Limitation on Administrative Expenses.
Senate Floor Amendments. On the Senate floor, 135 amendments were
introduced for consideration. Of these, 55 amendments were accepted by the Senate.
Some of these amendments modified the funding levels of existing programs. Other
amendments:
! designate funds that must be used for specific activities, including:
antimicrobial resistance monitoring and prevention (Senator Cochran); a
clearinghouse on safe needle exchange technology (Senator Reid); same
gender schools (Senators Hutchinson and Collins); Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
and Fetal Alcohol Effects (Senator Harkin for Senator Daschle); loan
forgiveness for child care providers (Senator Wellstone); a certification
program for suicide hotlines and crisis centers (Senator Reid for Senator
Wellstone); substance abuse services for homeless adults (Senator Specter for
Senators Collins and Reid); Web-Based Education Commission (Senator
Harkin for Senator Kerrey); external defibrillators and basic cardiac life
support (Senator Specter for Senator Collins); medication management,
screening, and education (Senator Specter for Senator Jeffords); school
dropout prevention (Senator Harkin for Senator Bingaman); physical education
and fitness (Senator Specter for Senator Stevens); early childhood learning
(Senator Specter for Senator Stevens); construction and renovation for Tribal
Colleges and Universities (Senator Harkin for Senator Bingaman); detection
and treatment of childhood lead poisoning (Senator Harkin for Senator
Torricelli); and programs to teach American history (Senator Harkin for
Senator Byrd);

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! prohibit funds from being used for specific activities, including: the regulation
of ergonomic standards at DOL (Senator Enzi); and postcoital emergency
contraception (Senator Helms);
! require changes in policies or procedures concerning: a reasonable rate of
return on intramural and extramural medical research at NIH (Senator Wyden);
the protection of children, schools, and libraries connected to the Internet
(Senators McCain and Santorum); an off-budget lockbox to strengthen Social
Security and Medicare (Senator Ashcroft and Senator Reid for Senator
Conrad); a prohibition on health discrimination based on genetics (Senator
Jeffords); access to health care and consumer protection in managed care plans
and other health coverage (Senator Nickles); the care of chimpanzees used in
NIH research (Senator Specter for Senator Smith of NH); and residents’ rights
protection at health care facilities (Senator Harkin for Senator Dodd); and
! specify studies of: federal fetal tissue practices (Senator Smith of NH);
unreimbursed health care provided to foreign nationals (Senator Harkin for
Senator Graham); targeting of funds under the Title I Grants to Local
Educational Agencies program (Senator Harkin for Senator Lieberman); and
sexual abuse in schools (Senator Specter for Senator Smith of NH).
! In addition, the Senate sustained a point of order (by Senator Gramm) against
a provision that would have shifted the payment date of October 2000 SSI
benefits from October 2 to September 29, 2000.
Public Law Summary
H.R. 5656, the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and
Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001, was enacted by cross
reference through §1(a)(1) of H.R. 4577. The H.R. 4577 conference report, H.Rept.
106-1033 — which includes the provisions of H.R. 5656 — was approved by the
House by a vote of 292 to 60 (Roll Call #603), and by the Senate by unanimous
consent, on December 15, 2000. The President signed H.R. 4577 into law on
December 21, 2000, as P.L. 106-554, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2001.
Highlights of the enacted bill include the following provisions; additional details are
provided in the separate agency summaries.
Public Law Funding Highlights. Many L-HHS-ED programs receive
FY2001 funding above the level of the FY2000 appropriations; in some instance the
funding is more than requested by the President. Funding for a few programs is
decreased. As shown previously in Table 2, current year discretionary funding in the
FY2001 L-HHS-ED bill is $108.9 billion, $23.4 billion (27.4%) more than the
FY2000 amount. At the program level, the FY2001 discretionary amount is $109.3
billion, $12.1 billion (12.4%) more than in FY2000. A total of $18.8 billion of
advance appropriations are provided in the FY2001 Act compared to $19.0 billion in
the FY2000 Act.
! For DOL, funding for WIA programs is increased (compared to FY2000
funding level), including WIA Youth Training and various WIA federally
administered activities. Increases are also provided for SUI/ESO programs
and DOL Departmental Management.

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! For DHHS, increases are provided for Community Health Centers, Health
Professions, Ryan White AIDS programs, CDC, NIH, SAMHSA, HCFA
Program Management, Head Start, and the Administration on Aging. Funding
for CCDBG and the PHSSF is reduced, and the advance appropriation for
LIHEAP is eliminated.
! For ED, funding is increased for Education Technology, 21st Century
Community Learning Centers, Title I Grants to LEAs, Eisenhower
Professional Development, Class Size Reduction, IDEA State Grants, Pell
Grants, Aid for Institutional Development, and the Fund for the Improvement
of Education. Initial funding is provided for School Repair and Renovation.
Funding is reduced for Goals 2000: Educate America Act programs.
! For Related Agencies, increases are provided for SSI discretionary activities
and the SSA Limitation on Administrative Expenses.
Modifications of Existing Programs and Activities. The FY2001 L-HHS-ED
Appropriations Act amends various program authorities or otherwise modifies
provisions concerning the use of funds provided under this Act.
! Section 104 prohibits the implementation or enforcement of pending DOL
H2A regulations concerning temporary certification applications and petitions
for admission of nonimmigrant agricultural guest workers. In addition, §105
modifies the procedures for the inspection of housing for H2A workers, and
§106 authorizes DOL to use H1B (temporary professional workers) fee
revenues to process permanent labor certifications.
! Section 214 prohibits the Secretary of Health and Human Services from
withholding state block grants for substance abuse if the state fails to comply
with the “Synar Amendment” requirements concerning the sale of tobacco
products to minors.
! Section 220 authorizes the Secretary of Health and Human Services to provide
support for the CDC to carry out abroad certain international activities
related to HIV/AIDS and other infectious and chronic diseases.
! Section 305 requires the Comptroller General to evaluate the targeting of
funds for children from low-income families within the Title I Part A Grants
to Local Educational Agencies (LEAs) program.
! Section 306 modifies the allocation formula and the authorized use of funds for
the Class Size Reduction program.
! Section 313 authorizes the Secretary of Education to transfer $10 million to
the Secretary of the Interior for an award to the National Constitution
Center for construction activities.
! Section 314 amends the Safe and Drug Free School program to authorize
character education activities.
! Section 321 specifies the provisions of a new School Repair and Renovation
program, including the reservation of funds for charter schools, IDEA special
education activities, and technology activities related to school repair and
renovation.
! Section 322 amends the Charter School program to authorize support for
school facility acquisition, construction, and renovation.
! Section 323 amends the Impact Aid program with regard to procedures for
the calculation of average tax rates for determining certain payments.

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! Section 505 continues the prohibition on the use of any funds from the Act to
be used for the distribution sterile needles or syringes for the injection of
illegal drugs.
! Section 514 continues the prohibition on the issuance of regulations providing
for unique medical identifiers for individuals until legislation is enacted that
specifically approves a standard for such identifiers.
! Section 516 authorizes a program of surveillance, prevention, and education
with regard to the human papillomavirus; in addition, it requires the study
of existing condom labels to determine their accuracy concerning the
prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.
! Section 520 requires a $25 million reduction in administrative and related
expenses for departmental management from what would otherwise be
provided in this Act for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human
Services, and Education.
Several proposals passed either the House or the Senate but were not included
in the final Act.
! One of the final issues considered prior to enactment was whether to prohibit
DOL from issuing regulations relating to ergonomic protection in the
workplace. Such restrictions were approved by both the House and the
Senate, but omitted from the final Act.
! The conference agreement excludes a Senate proposal to prohibit the
distribution in school facilities of postcoital emergency contraception to
minors.
Authorization of New Programs and Activities. The Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2001, P.L. 106-554 authorizes or amends several programs and
activities.
! Title VI of the FY2001 L-HHS-ED Act (H.R. 5656, as enacted by §1(a)(1) of
P.L. 106-554) authorizes the Assets for Independence Act Amendments of
2000, which revises how means-tested programs count deposits in individual
development accounts established by or on behalf of persons eligible for
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program.
! Title VII of the L-HHS-ED Act authorizes the Physical Education for
Progress Act by enacting a new Part L, Title X, of the Elementary and
Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA) to provide grants to LEAs to
initiate, improve, or expand physical education programs.
! Title VIII of the L-HHS-ED Act authorizes the Early Learning
Opportunities Act to provide DHHS grants to states to support early
childhood development and parent effectiveness programs and related activities
so the young children enter school ready to learn.
! Title IX of the L-HHS-ED Act authorizes the Rural Education Achievement
Program as Subpart 2, Part J, Title X of the ESEA to help meet the special
educational needs of rural school districts through formula grants and
additional flexibility in the use of other ESEA grants.
! The Miscellaneous Appropriations Act, 2000 (H.R. 5666, as enacted by
§1(a)(4) of P.L. 106-554) includes the Vietnam Education Foundation Act

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of 2000 (Title II), the Literacy Involves Families Together Act (Title XVI),
and the Children’s Internet Protection Act (Title XVII).
! The Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Benefits Improvement and
Protection Act of 2000, H.R. 5661, is enacted by §1(a)(6) of P.L. 106-554.
Earlier Conference Action. Several legislative activities took place prior to
the final conference agreement on FY2001 L-HHS-ED Appropriations, as follows.
The FY2001 L-HHS-ED House-Senate Conference was held on July 25, 2000.
A conference report was not filed; however, the House Appropriations Committee
issued a news release on August 3, 2000, entitled, “Highlights of the Tentative Labor,
Health and Human Services, Education Conference Report.” The Committee’s
summary indicated that most major discretionary programs would have been funded
at the greater of the House- or Senate-passed levels, with several exceptions funded
at either lower or higher levels. The total L-HHS-ED discretionary amount would
have equaled approximately the total requested by the President for FY2001.
On September 19, 2000, Representative Coburn moved to instruct the
L-HHS-ED conferees to accept §517 of the Senate Amendment to the House bill,
prohibiting the use of funds to distribute postcoital emergency contraception (the
“morning-after” pill) to minors on the premises or in the facilities of any elementary
or secondary school. The House agreed to the motion by a vote of 250 to 170 (roll
call #481).
On September 20, 2000, Representative Obey moved to instruct the conferees
to (a) insist on the highest funding level possible for education programs, and (b)
disagree with Senate provisions that would not support the President’s request for
class-size reduction and school construction. The House agreed to (a) insist on the
highest funding level for education by voice vote, and (b) disagree with the Senate
provisions by a vote of 222 to 201 (roll call #484).
On October 28, 2000, Representative DeLauro moved to instruct the conferees
to insist on the highest funding level possible for LIHEAP in FY2001 and FY2002.
The House agreed to the motion by a vote of 305 to 18 (roll call #572). Also on
October 28, Representative Lowey moved to instruct the conferees to insist on
disagreeing with Senate provision that would not support the President’s request for
resources dedicated to class size reduction and local school construction. The House
failed to agree to the motion by a vote of 150 to 159 (roll call #573).
On October 29, 2000, Representative Pallone moved to instruct the conferees
to choose the level of funding for Medicare+Choice program management as it might
relate to benefit support levels for requiring a minimum contract period of 3 years for
participating health maintenance organizations (HMO’s). The House failed to agree
to the motion by a vote of 170 to 183 (roll call #576).
On November 1, 2000, Representative Holt moved to instruct the conferees to
to disagree with Senate provisions that would not support the President’s request for
dedicated resources for local school construction. The House failed to agree to the
motion by a vote of 176 to 183 (roll call #590). Also on November 1, Representative

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Wu moved to instruct the conferees to disagree with the Senate provisions that would
not support the President’s request for dedicated resources for class size reduction in
the early grades. The House failed to agree to the motion by a vote of 168 to 170
(roll call #591).
302(a) and 302(b) Allocation Ceilings
The ceiling for L-HHS-ED discretionary spending is set through the annual
budget allocation process. The congressional budget resolution for FY2001,
H.Con.Res. 290 (see Related Legislation, page 48), sets the aggregate discretionary
spending limit for the 13 annual appropriations bills; this limit is known as the 302(a)
allocation. From this amount the House and Senate appropriations committees
allocate funds among their subcommittees for each of the 13 appropriations bills,
known as the 302(b) allocations. The 302(b) allocations can and do get adjusted
during the year as the various appropriations bills progress toward final enactment.
Current 302(b) allocations for the FY2001 L-HHS-ED appropriations bill from the
House and Senate Appropriations Committees are shown in Table 3. Comparable
amounts for FY2000 and the President’s FY2001 budget are also shown. Subject to
scorekeeping considerations, 302(b) allocations are similar to current year
discretionary appropriations. Both the 302(a) and the 302(b) allocations regularly
have become contested issues in their own right.
Table 3. 302(b) Discretionary Allocations for L-HHS-ED
Programs
(budget authority in billions of dollars)
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
final
request
House
Senate
conference
comparable
comparable
allocation
allocation
comparable
$85.5
$106.1
$99.5
$97.8
$108.9
Source: The House FY2001 amount is available from the House Appropriations Committee website:
[http://www.house.gov/appropriations/01302b1.htm], dated July 19, 2000 (downloaded January 2,
2001). The Senate FY2001 amount is taken from S.Rept. 106-508, October 25, 2000. The
comparable amounts for FY2000 final appropriation, the FY2001 request, and the FY2001
conference are based on the total current year discretionary amount for L-HHS-ED in the H.R. 4577
conference report, H.Rept. 106-1033.
Note: Under current scorekeeping provisions, advance appropriations that were enacted as part of
the FY2000 appropriation are counted in the FY2001 totals, and any advance appropriations enacted
as part of the FY2001 appropriation will be counted in the FY2002 totals.

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CRS-14
Advance Appropriations
The L-HHS-ED bill has used increasing amounts of advance appropriations in
recent years. As part of the FY1998 L-HHS-ED appropriations, $4.0 billion in
discretionary appropriations was enacted for future years; in FY1999, the advance
appropriation was $8.9 billion; and in FY2000, the advance appropriation was $19.0
billion. For FY2001, the President’s request is $19.8 billion for advance
appropriations for L-HHS-ED programs; however, the FY2001 conference agreement
provides $18.8 billion for L-HHS-ED appropriations for FY2002 and beyond.5
Advance appropriations occur when funding is enacted in one fiscal year that cannot
be used until the following fiscal year at the earliest. For example, P.L. 106-113,
which included FY2000 L-HHS-ED appropriations, provided the Corporation for
Public Broadcasting (CPB) $350 million for use in FY2002. Advance appropriations
can be used for several objectives. These include the provision of long-term budget
information to agencies and other recipients, such as state and local educational
systems, to enable better planning for future program activities and personnel levels.
The more contentious aspect of advance appropriations, however, is that they avoid
the 302(a) and 302(b) allocation ceilings for the current year. Such funding must be
counted in the year in which first becomes available, thereby using up ahead of time
part of what will be counted against the allocation ceiling in future years.
Major Funding Trends
The L-HHS-ED appropriations consist of mandatory and discretionary funds;
however, the Appropriations Committees fully control only the discretionary funds.
Mandatory funding levels for programs included in the annual appropriations bills are
modified through changes in the authorizing legislation; these changes typically are
accomplished through the authorizing committees and combined into large, omnibus
reconciliation bills. Table 4 shows the trend in total discretionary budget authority
under the L-HHS-ED appropriations for FY1996 through FY2000. The L-HHS-ED
funds have increased by 43.8% for this 5-year period. The 5-year increase is reduced
to an estimated 35.7% after adjustment for inflation by use of the Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) deflator. When compared to all federal discretionary budget
authority, the L-HHS-ED portion increased from 13.4% in FY1996 to 16.8% in
FY2000. When compared to all federal budget authority, both discretionary and
nondiscretionary (mandatory), the L-HHS-ED portion increased during this period
from 4.3% in FY1996 to 5.4% in FY2000.
5For the impact of advance appropriations on program administration, see the discussion in
the U.S. Department of Education section (p. 36).

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CRS-15
Table 4. L-HHS-ED Discretionary Funding Trends From FY1996
(budget authority in billions of dollars)
Type of funds
FY1996
FY1997
FY1998
FY1999
FY2000
L-HHS-ED discretionary
$67.2
$74.7
$81.1
$89.5
$96.6
L-HHS-ED discretionary in
$71.2
$77.8
$83.4
$90.8
$96.6
estimated FY2000 dollars
L-HHS-ED % of all federal
discretionary funds a
13.4%
14.6%
15.2%
15.3%
16.8%
L-HHS-ED % of total federal
4.3%
4.5%
4.8%
5.0%
5.4%
budget authority
Total federal discretionary
$502.6
$512.9
$534.2
$583.1
$574.7
Total federal budget authority $1,580.8
$1,642.9 $1,692.2
$1,776.5
$1,801.1
GDP deflator
1.0000
1.0170
1.0300
1.0434
1.0590
Source: Budget of the United States Government Historical Tables Fiscal Year 2001, Tables 5.2,
5.4, and 10.1 (for federal totals and GDP deflator); and Budget of the United States Government,
various years (for L-HHS-ED discretionary budget authority).
a Discretionary funds include both defense and non-defense activities.
For Additional Reading, Background6
CRS Issue Briefs.
CRS Issue Brief IB10052, Budget for Fiscal Year 2001, by Philip D. Winters.
Other CRS Products.
CRS Report RS20441, Advance Appropriations, Forward Funding, and Advance
Funding, by Sandy Streeter.
CRS Report RL30203, Appropriations for FY2000: Labor, Health and Human
Services, and Education, by Paul M. Irwin.
CRS Report RL30500, Appropriations for FY2001: An Overview, by Mary Francis
Bley.
CRS Info Pack 538B, Budget for Fiscal Year 2001.
CRS Report RL30499, Budget FY2001: A Chronology with Internet Access, by
Pearl Thomas.
CRS Info Pack 12B, Budget Process.
CRS Report 97-684, The Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction,
by Sandy Streeter.
CRS Report RS20095, The Congressional Budget Process: A Brief Overview, by
James V. Saturno.
6Products related to individual programs are listed with the details for each L-HHS-ED
department.

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CRS-16
CRS Report RL30343, Continuing Appropriations Acts: Brief Overview of Recent
Practices, by Sandy Streeter.
CRS Report RS20403, FY2000 Consolidated Appropriations Act: Reference Guide,
by Robert Keith.
CRS Report RS20756, FY2001 Consolidated Appropriations Act: Reference Guide,
by Robert Keith.
CRS Report 98-844, Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Effects, and
Process, by Sharon S. Gressle.
CRS Report RL30457, Supplemental Appropriations for FY2000: Plan Columbia,
Kosovo, Foreign Debt Relief, Home Energy Assistance, and Other Initiatives,
by Larry Nowels, et al.
CRS Report RS20758, The 0.22 Percent Across-the-Board Cut in FY2001
Appropriations, by Robert Keith.
Selected World Wide Web Sites.
General information regarding the budget and appropriations may be found at
the following web sites. Web sites specific to departments and agencies funded by the
L-HHS-ED appropriations are listed in the appropriate sections of this report.
House Committee on Appropriations
[http://www.house.gov/appropriations]
[http://www.house.gov/appropriations/fact.htm]
[http://www.house.gov/appropriations/news.htm]
[http://www.house.gov/budget/]
Senate Committee on Appropriations
[http://www.senate.gov/~appropriations/]
[http://www.senate.gov/~appropriations/releases/index.htm]
[http://www.senate.gov/~budget/]
Congressional Research Service (CRS) Appropriations and Budget Products
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/apppage.html]
Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
[http://www.cbo.gov]
General Accounting Office (GAO)
[http://www.gao.gov]
Office of Management & Budget (OMB)
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB]
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/budget/index.html]
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/index.html]

---

CRS-17
U.S. Department of Labor
Discretionary appropriations for the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) are shown
in Table 5. Because appropriations may consist of mixtures of budget authority
enacted in various years, two summary measures are used. Program level reflects the
appropriations in the current bill, regardless of the year in which they will be spent.
Current year represents appropriations for the current year; the source may be either
the current bill or a prior enactment, and the amount is similar to what is counted for
the 302(b) allocations ceilings. A discussion of advance appropriations as they relate
to 302(b) allocations may be found in the U.S. Department of Education section (see
page 36).
Table 5. Department of Labor Discretionary Appropriations
($ in billions) a
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Type of funding
final b
request
House
Senate
conference
Program level (from the
$11.3
$12.4
$10.7
$11.5
$11.9
current bill for any year)
Current year (for the current
8.8
12.4
10.7
11.5
11.9
year from any bill)
Advances for future years
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
(from the current bill)
Advances from prior years
0.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
(from previous bills)
Source: Amounts are compiled from the H.R. 4577 conference report, H.Rept. 106-1033.
a The amounts shown represent only discretionary programs funded by the L-HHS-ED appropriation
bill; appropriations for mandatory programs are excluded.
b The FY2000 amounts are based on P.L. 106-113 (reflecting the 0.38% general discretionary fund
reduction) and on the FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 106-246.
Mandatory DOL programs included in the L-HHS-ED bill were funded at $1.9
billion in FY2000, and consist of the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund ($1.0 billion),
Federal Unemployment Benefits and Allowances programs ($0.4 billion), Advances
to the Unemployment Insurance and Other Trust Funds ($0.4 billion), and
Employment Standards Administration Special Benefits programs ($0.1 billion).
Key Issues
President’s Request. The President’s FY2001 budget request for DOL is
intended to support three broad strategic goals: (a) a prepared workforce, (b) a
secure workforce, and (c) quality workplaces. According to the Administration, a
prepared workforce increases employment opportunities by providing the education
and training for each worker to compete in a global economy. The goal of a secure
workforce means promoting the economic security of all workers and their families,

---

CRS-18
including pension coverage, retirement benefits, and health benefits. A quality
workplace means a safe and healthful workplace, with equal opportunity for every
worker, as well as protection for children in the workplace both here and abroad.
Discretionary increases of at least $100 million requested for DOL programs
under the President’s FY2001 budget include the following:
! An additional $730 million is requested for programs authorized by the
Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA), which was funded at $5.4 billion
in FY2000. For specific WIA programs, $182 million more is requested for
Dislocated Worker Assistance, funded at $1.6 billion in FY2000; $125 million
more for Youth Opportunity Grants, funded at $250 million in FY2000; and
$400 million more for four new federally administered WIA programs,
including $255 million for a Fathers Work/Families Win Initiative.
! An increase of $176 million is proposed for the $3.2 billion State
Unemployment Insurance and Employment Service Operations (SUI/ESO),
including State Operations for Unemployment Compensation ($93 million),
other Employment Service activities ($39 million), and One-Stop Career
Centers ($44 million).
! An additional $206 million is requested for Departmental Management, which
was funded at $498 million in FY2000; the increases include $97 million for
International Labor Affairs and $100 million for other management activities,
including $54 million for a department-wide Information Technology
Investment Fund.
Like its ED counterpart, the $55 million DOL portion of the School-to-Work
Opportunities Act program would be terminated in FY2001, as specified in the sunset
provision of its authorization.
House Bill. As passed, the House bill does not accept all the funding changes
proposed in the President’s FY2001 budget.
! WIA programs would receive $5.0 billion, $1.1 billion less than requested and
$362 million less than was provided for FY2000. For specific WIA programs,
Dislocated Worker Assistance would receive $1.4 billion, $389 million less
than requested and $207 million less than in FY2000. Youth Opportunity
Grants would be funded at $175 million, $200 million less than requested and
$75 million less than in FY2000. Other Federally Administered Programs
under WIA would be funded at $196 million, $396 million less than requested
and $29 million less than in FY2000.
! No FY2001 funding would be provided for One-Stop Career Centers, a
program funded at $110 million in FY2000; $154 million was requested for
FY2001.
! Departmental Management would receive $498 million, the same as in FY2000
but $206 million below the request. International Labor Affairs would receive
$70 million, the same as in FY2000 but $97 million less than requested. Other
management activities would be funded at $227 million, $100 million less than
requested but the same as the FY2000 funding level.

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CRS-19
Senate Bill. As passed, the Senate bill differs from the House bill with regard
to several programs.
! WIA programs would receive $5.5 billion, $439 million more than the House
amount and $77 million more than in FY2000. The bill would provide $1.6
billion for WIA Dislocated Workers, $207 million more than the House bill
would provide but the same as in FY2000. Youth Opportunity Grants would
receive $250 million, $75 million more than the House but the same at the
FY2000 amount. Other Federally Administered Programs under WIA would
be funded at $296 million, $100 million more than the House amount and $71
million more than the FY2000 amount.
! One-Stop Career Centers would be funded at $110 million, the same as in
FY2000; no funds would be provided under the House bill.
! Departmental Management would receive $599 million, $101 million more
than the House amount and the FY2000 amount.
Public Law. Under the conference agreement, the largest changes in funding
from FY2000 to FY2001 for DOL programs are as follows.
! The FY2001 bill provides $5.7 billion for WIA programs, $293 million more
than in FY2000, but $437 million less than requested. The WIA total includes
$1.1 billion for Youth Training, $102 million more than the FY2000 funding
level; and $348 million for a variety of federally administered activities, $123
million more than in FY2000.
! SUI/ESO activities are funded at $3.4 billion, $152 million more than in
FY2000, but $24 million less than requested.
! Departmental Management is provided $647 million, $149 million more than
the FY2000 amount, but $57 million less than requested.
For Additional Reading
CRS Issue Briefs.
CRS Issue Brief IB10048, The Davis-Bacon Act: Action During the 106th Congress,
by William G. Whittaker.
CRS Issue Brief IB10042, OSHA Reform: “Partnership” with Employers, by
Edward B. Rappaport.
CRS Issue Brief IB98023, Trade Adjustment Assistance for Workers: Proposals for
Renewal and Reform, by James R. Storey.
CRS Reports.
CRS Report 97-724, Ergonomics in the Workplace: Is it Time for an OSHA
Standard? by Edward B. Rappaport.
CRS Report 97-536, Job Training Under the Workforce Investment Act: An
Overview, by Ann Lordeman.
CRS Report RS20542, Major Child Support Proposals Pending in the 106th
Congress, by Carmen Solomon-Fears.

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CRS-20
CRS Report 95-917, Older Americans Act: Programs and Funding, by Carol
O’Shaughnessy and Paul J. Graney.
CRS Report 97-541, School-to-Work Opportunities Act, by Richard N. Apling.
CRS Report 95-742, Unemployment Benefits: Legislative Issues in the 106th
Congress, by Celinda M. Franco.
CRS Report RS20134, Welfare Reform: Welfare-to-Work Legislation in the 106th
Congress, by Christine Devere.
CRS Report RS20244, The Workforce Investment Act: Training Programs Under
Title I at a Glance, by Ann Lordeman.
Selected World Wide Web Sites.
U.S. Department of Labor
[http://www.dol.gov]
[http://www.dol.gov/dol/_sec/public/budget/main.htm]
[http://www.dol.gov/dol/_sec/public/budget/budget01.htm]
[http://www.dol.gov/dol/_sec/public/budget/000322ah.htm]
Detailed Appropriation Table
Table 6 shows the appropriation details for offices and major programs of DOL.

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CRS-21
Table 6. Detailed Department of Labor Appropriations
($ in millions)
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Office or major program
final a
request
House
Senate
conference
Employment and Training Administration (ETA)
Training and Employment
Services, Workforce
950
950
857
950
950
Investment Act (WIA) Adult
Training Grants to States
WIA Youth Training
1,001
1,022
1,001
1,001
1,103
WIA Dislocated Worker
1,589
1,771
1,382
1,589
1,590
Assistance
WIA Job Corps
1,358
1,393
1,400
1,364
1,400
WIA Youth Opportunity
250
375
175
250
275
Grants (YOG)
WIA Other Federally
225
592
196
296
348
Administered Programs
WIA subtotal
5,373
6,103
5,011
5,450
5,666
School-to-Work
55
0
0
0
0
Opportunities
Training and Employment
8
4
5
4
5
Services (TES), Other
Community Service
Employment for Older
440
440
440
440
440
Americans
Federal Unemployment
Benefits and Allowances,
Trade Adjustment and
415
407
407
407
407
NAFTA Activities
(mandatory)
State Unemployment
Insurance and Employment
Service Operations
2,266
2,359
2,266
2,284
2,349
(SUI/ESO) Unemployment
Compensation
SUI/ESO Employment
817
856
811
836
846
Service
SUI/ESO One-Stop Career
110
154
0
110
150
Centers
SUI/ESO Work Incentives
20
20
20
20
20
Grants
SUI/ESO subtotal
3,213
3,389
3,097
3,250
3,365
Advances to Unemployment
Trust Fund and Other Funds
356
435
435
435
435
(mandatory)
ETA Program
146
159
146
156
159
Administration
ETA subtotal
10,006
10,937
9,541
10,142
10,477

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CRS-22
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Office or major program
final a
request
House
Senate
conference
Pension and Welfare
99
108
99
103
108
Benefits Administration
Pension Benefit Guaranty
Corporation (PBGC)
11
12
11
12
12
Administration
PBGC service level (non-
165
177
165
173
176
add)
Employment Standards Administration (ESA)
ESA Salaries and Expenses
339
363
339
353
363
ESA Special Benefits
79
56
56
56
56
(mandatory)
ESA Black Lung Disability
1,014
1,028
1,028
1,028
1,028
Trust Fund (mandatory)
ESA subtotal
1,432
1,447
1,423
1,437
1,447
Occupational Safety and
Health Administration
382
426
382
426
426
(OSHA)
Mine Safety and Health
228
242
233
245
247
Administration (MSHA)
Bureau of Labor Statistics
434
454
440
447
452
Departmental Management,
70
167
70
115
148
International Labor Affairs
Departmental Management,
Veterans Employment and
201
210
201
207
212
Training
Departmental Management,
227
327
227
277
287
Other
Departmental Management
498
704
498
599
647
subtotal
TOTALS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Total Appropriations b
13,091
14,329
12,627
13,409
13,816
Current Year: FY2001
10,628
11,866
10,164
10,946
11,353
FY2002
2,463
2,463
2,463
2,463
2,463
Source: Amounts are compiled from the H.R. 4577 conference report, H.Rept. 106-1033.
a The FY2000 amounts are based on P.L. 106-113 (reflecting the 0.38% general discretionary fund
reduction) and on the FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 106-246.
b Appropriations totals include discretionary and mandatory funds, and may be subject to additional
scorekeeping and other adjustments.

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CRS-23
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Discretionary appropriations for the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services (DHHS) are shown in Table 7. Because appropriations may consist of
mixtures of budget authority enacted in various years, two summary measures are
used. Program level reflects the appropriations in the current bill, regardless of the
year in which they will be spent. Current year represents appropriations for the
current year; the source may be either the current bill or a prior enactment, and the
amount is similar to what is counted for the 302(b) allocations ceilings. A discussion
of advance appropriations as they relate to 302(b) allocations may be found in the
U.S. Department of Education section (see page 36).
Table 7. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Discretionary Appropriations
($ in billions) a
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Type of funding
final b
request
House
Senate
conference
Program level (from the
$41.7
$45.8
$46.4
$43.0
$46.5
current bill for any year)
Current year (for the current
40.3
45.0
45.6
45.3
48.8
year from any bill)
Advances for future years
3.7
4.5
4.5
1.4
1.4
(from the current bill)
Advances from prior years
2.3
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
(from previous bills)
Source: Amounts are compiled from the H.R. 4577 conference report, H.Rept. 106-1033.
a The amounts shown represent discretionary programs funded by the L-HHS-ED appropriation bill;
appropriations for mandatory programs are excluded.
b The FY2000 amounts are based on P.L. 106-113 (reflecting the 0.38% general discretionary fund
reduction) and the FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 106-246.
Mandatory DHHS programs included in the L-HHS-ED bill were funded at
$196.8 billion in FY2000, and consist primarily of Grants to States for Medicaid
($118.0 billion), Payments to Medicare Trust Funds ($69.3 billion), Foster Care and
Adoption ($5.9 billion), and Social Services Block Grant ($1.8 billion).
Key Issues
President’s Request. The President’s FY2001 budget request for DHHS
focuses on a number of programs related to the funding and delivery of health care
and social services. The DHHS budget emphasizes expanded health care coverage
primarily through changes in Medicare, Medicaid, and State Children’s Health
Insurance Program (SCHIP); increased support for children and families; continued
investments in biomedical science; and increased assistance for a healthier America.

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CRS-24
Discretionary increases of at least $100 million requested for DHHS programs
under the President’s FY2001 budget include the following:
! The largest discretionary increase requested (in terms of absolute dollars) is an
additional $1.6 billion proposed for the Child Care and Development Block
Grant (CCDBG). This program was advance funded at $1.2 billion for
FY2001; half of the increase would bring FY2001 funding up to $2.0 billion,
and the remainder would be used to bring advance appropriations up to the
$2.0 billion level in FY2002 as well.
! An additional $125 million is proposed for the $1.6 billion Ryan White AIDS
programs to expand medical and support services for individuals and families
with HIV.
! An increase of $216 million is requested for the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC); $3.0 billion was provided in FY2000 for the prevention
and control of diseases, injuries, and disabilities.
! An increase of $1.1 billion is requested for the $17.7 billion National Institutes
of Health (NIH) to support activities that maintain and improve health through
medical science.
! An additional $172 million is proposed for the $2.7 billion Substance Abuse
and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).
! An increase of $1.0 billion is requested for the $5.3 billion Head Start
program, an early childhood development program for children and their
families to assist low-income children start school ready to learn.
! $151 million more is proposed for the Administration on Aging, which was
funded at $933 million in FY2000; the increase would be used to respond to
the needs of the expanding older population.
! Under the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program, the
FY2001 supplemental grant funds to states would be limited to the FY1998
level, providing a $240 million offset to discretionary L-HHS-ED
appropriations.
The FY2001 budget proposes no new funding for the Agency for Healthcare
Research and Quality (AHRQ), which was funded at $110 million in FY2000.
However, on a service level basis (the level of services provided regardless of funding
source), funding would actually be increased from $199 million in FY2000 to $250
million under the request, using funds set aside for AHRQ from other programs. The
AHRQ budget would place a priority on reducing medical errors, improving health
information systems, and improving health services for on-the-job injuries.
The Emergency Supplemental Act, 2000 (P.L. 106-246), added $600 million to
the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) Emergency
Allocation, for an FY2000 total of $900 million (see Related Legislation, p. 48). The
FY2001 request is for $300 million, the same as the original FY2000 amount before
the supplemental appropriation.
House Bill. As passed, the House bill does not accept all the funding changes
proposed in the President’s FY2001 budget.

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CRS-25
! Health Professions would receive $411 million, $113 million more than
requested and $69 million more than was provided in FY2000.
! CDC programs would be funded at $3.3 billion, $127 million more than
requested and $343 million more than the FY2000 amount.
! The AHRQ would be provided $124 million, $14 million above the FY2000
level; this activity would not be directly funded under the budget request.
However, at the service level (the level of services provided regardless of
funding source), funding for AHRQ activities would be increased by $51
million under the request and by $25 million under the House bill by using
funds set aside for AHRQ activities from other programs.
! Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) Program Management would
receive $1.9 billion, $220 million less than the requested amount and $130
million less than in FY2000.
! The CCDBG would be funded at $2.4 billion, $417 million less than requested
but $1.2 billion more than in FY2000.
! The House bill would fund the Head Start program at $5.7 billion, $600 million
less than requested but $400 million more than in FY2000.
! The Administration on Aging would be provided $926 million, $158 million
less than requested and $7 million less than in FY2000.
! Technically, NIH would receive $20.5 billion, $1.7 billion more than the
President’s budget request. However, a provision of the House bill (§213)
would prohibit the obligation of any funds greater than the amount requested
by the President ($18.8 billion), an increase of $1.1 billion compared to the
FY2000 appropriation of $17.7 billion.
Senate Bill. As passed, the Senate bill differs from the House bill with regard
to several programs.
! Health Professions would receive $231 million, $180 million less than the
House amount and $111 million less than in FY2000.
! The CDC would be funded at $3.3 billion, $134 million less than the House
amount, but $209 million more than in FY2000.
! The NIH would be funded at $20.5 billion, $1.7 billion more than the House
amount and $2.8 billion more than in FY2000.
! The Senate bill would provide no direct funding for the AHRQ, compared to
$124 million in the House bill; $110 million was provided for FY2000.
However, at the service level (the level of services provided regardless of
funding source), the Senate bill would provide $46 million more than the
House bill and $71 million more than in FY2000, by using funds set aside for
AHRQ activities from other programs.
! HCFA Program Management would be funded at $2.0 billion, $153 million
more than the House amount and $23 million more than in FY2000.
! The LIHEAP advance appropriation for FY2002 would be zeroed out in the
Senate bill; the House bill would provide $1.1 billion, the same as the FY2000
advance appropriation. The FY2001 program level funding of $1.1 billion,
enacted as part of FY2000 L-HHS-ED Appropriations, would not be affected
by the Senate bill.
! The CCDBG would be funded at $817 million, $1.6 billion below the House
level and $366 million less than the FY2000 amount.

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CRS-26
! Head Start would receive $6.3 billion, $600 million more than the House
amount and $1.0 billion more than in FY2000.
! The Social Services Block Grant (SSBG), an entitlement program, would be
funded at $600 million, $1.1 billion less than the House amount and $1.2
billion less than in FY2000.
! The Public Health and Social Services Fund (PHSSF) would receive $215
million, $40 million less than the House amount and $160 million less than was
provided in FY2000. The PHSSF provides extra funding for a variety of
activities such as anti-bioterrorism and AIDS prevention and treatment in
minority communities.
! A provision of the Senate bill (§217) would shift $1.9 billion of funds currently
available from unexpended balances for SCHIP and make it available in
FY2003.
Public Law. Under the conference agreement, the largest changes in funding
from FY2000 to FY2001 for DHHS programs are as follows.
! The FY2001 bill provides $1.2 billion for Community Health Centers, $150
million more than in FY2000, and $100 million more than requested.
! $588 million is provided for Health Professions, $246 million more than the
FY2000 amount, and $290 million more than requested. The FY2001 amount
includes $235 million for the Children’s Hospitals Graduate Medical Education
program.
! Ryan White AIDS programs are funded at $1.8 billion, $213 million more than
in FY2000, and $88 million more than requested.
! Various discretionary Health Resources and Services Administration programs
are funded at $901 million, including $226 million for Health Care and
Facilities and $140 million for Health Care Access for the Uninsured; the total
amount is $251 million more than in FY2000, and $300 million more than
requested.
! CDC programs are funded at $3.9 billion, $825 million more than the FY2000
amount, and $609 million more than requested.
! The NIH is provided $20.3 billion, $2.6 billion more than in FY2000, and $1.5
billion more than requested.
! SAMHSA activities are funded at $3.0 billion, $307 million more than in
FY2000 and $135 million more than requested.
! HCFA Program Management is funded at $2.2 billion, $198 million more than
in FY2000 and $108 million more than requested.
! LIHEAP advance appropriation is eliminated; the current level is $1.1 billion,
and the request was for level funding. The LIHEAP Emergency Allocation is
funded at $300 million, the same as requested but a $600 million decrease from
the FY2000 amount. An additional $300 million is provided for current year
operations; similar funding was not requested, nor was it provided in FY2000.
The conferees state that they intend to provide at least $1.4 billion in regular
appropriations, and $300 million in emergency appropriations, in FY2002 (p.
154, H.Rept. 106-1033).
! The CCDBG is provided $817 million, $366 million less than the FY2000
amount, and $2.0 billion less than requested. The conferees state that they

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CRS-27
intend to provide at least $2.0 billion for the program in FY2002 (p. 155,
H.Rept. 106-1033)
! Head Start is funded at $6.2 billion, $933 million more than in FY2000, but
$67 million less than requested.
! The Administration on Aging is funded at $1.1 billion, $170 million more than
in FY2000, and $19 million more than requested.
! The Public Health and Social Services Fund (PHSSF) is funded at $241
million, $134 million less than in FY2000, but $46 million more than requested.
Abortion: A Perennial L-HHS-ED Issue. Since FY1977, the annual
L-HHS-ED appropriations acts have contained restrictions that limit the
circumstances under which federal funds can be used to pay for abortions to cases
where the life of the mother is endangered. Popularly referred to as the Hyde
Amendment, these provisions generally apply to all L-HHS-ED funds; Medicaid is the
largest program affected. The 103rd Congress modified the provisions to permit
federal funding of abortions in cases of rape or incest. The FY1998 L-HHS-ED
Appropriations Act, P.L. 105-78, extended the Hyde provisions to prohibit the use
of federal funds to buy managed care packages that include abortion coverage, except
in the cases of rape, incest, or life endangerment. For FY1999, the FY1998 Hyde
Amendment provisions were continued, along with a clarification to ensure that the
Hyde Amendment applies to all trust fund programs (namely, Medicare) funded by
the FY1999 L-HHS-ED Appropriations Act, P.L. 105-277, as well as an assurance
that Medicare + Choice plans cannot require the provision of abortion services. Both
the FY2000 and FY2001 L-HHS-ED Appropriations Acts retained the FY1999
language without amendment (these provisions are found in §508 and §509 in the
FY2001 L-HHS-ED Appropriations Act).7
For Additional Reading
CRS Electronic Briefing Book.
Tobacco Briefing Book
[http://www.congress.gov/brbk/html/ebtob1.html]
CRS Issue Briefs.
CRS Issue Brief IB95095, Abortion: Legislative Response, by Karen J. Lewis, et al.
CRS Issue Brief IB10044, Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 106th Congress,
by Andorra Bruno, Coordinator.
CRS Issue Brief IB98017, Patient Protection and Managed Care: Legislation in the
106th Congress, by Jean P. Hearne.
CRS Issue Brief IB10051, Research and Development Funding: Fiscal Year 2001,
by Michael E. Davey, Coordinator.
CRS Issue Brief IB98037, Tax Benefits for Health Insurance: Current Legislation,
by Bob Lyke.
CRS Issue Brief IB93034, Welfare Reform: An Issue Overview, by Vee Burke.
7For additional information, see CRS Issue Brief IB95095, Abortion: Legislative Response,
by Karen J. Lewis and Thomas P. Carr.

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CRS-28
CRS Reports.
CRS Report 95-1101, Abortion Procedures, by Irene E. Stith-Coleman.
CRS Report 96-293, AIDS Funding for Federal Government Programs: FY1981-
FY2001, by Judith A. Johnson.
CRS Report RL30731, AIDS: Ryan White CARE Act, by Judith A. Johnson and
Paulette L. Como.
CRS Report 96-253, Cancer Research: Selected Federal Spending and Morbidity
and Mortality Statistics, by Judith A. Johnson and Janet Kinzer.
CRS Report RL30021, Child Care Issues in the 106th Congress, by Melinda Gish and
Karen Spar.
CRS Report 97-335, Cloning: Where Do We Go From Here?, by Irene E. Stith-
Coleman.
CRS Report RS20124, Community Services Block Grants: Background and
Funding, by Karen Spar.
CRS Report RS20385, Connecting Fathers to Their Children: Fatherhood
Legislation in the 106th Congress, by Carmen Solomon-Fears.
CRS Report RS20194, Developmental Disabilities Act: 106th Congress Legislation,
by Paul J. Graney.
CRS Report RS20470, The Earned Income Tax Credit: Current Issues and Benefit
Amounts, by Melinda T. Gish.
CRS Report 97-757, Federal Health Centers Program, by Sharon Kearney.
CRS Report RL30006, Genetic Information: Legal Issues Relating to
Discrimination and Privacy, by Nancy Lee Jones.
CRS Report RS20537, Head Start: Background and Funding, by Alice Butler and
Melinda Gish.
CRS Report RL30254, Long-Term Care: The President’s FY2001 Budget Proposals
and Related Legislation, by Carol O’Shaughnessy, et al.
CRS Report 94-211, The Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP),
by Melinda Gish.
CRS Report 97-350, Maternal and Child Health Block Grant, by Sharon Kearney.
CRS Report RL30483, Medical Research Funding: Summary of a CRS Seminar on
Challenges and Opportunities of Proposed Large Increases for the National
Institutes of Health, by John K. Iglehart, Contractor, and Pamela W. Smith,
Coordinator.
CRS Report RL30109, Medicare and Medicaid Organ Transplants, by Sibyl Tilson.
CRS Report RL30707, Medicare Provisions in H.R. 5661: Medicare, Medicaid, and
SCHIP Benefits Improvement and Protection Act of 2000, by Hinda Ripps
Chaikind, et al.
CRS Report 95-96, National Institutes of Health: An Overview, by Pamela W.
Smith.
CRS Report 95-917, Older Americans Act: Programs and Funding, by Carol
O’Shaughnessy and Paul J. Graney.
CRS Report 94-953, Social Services Block Grants (Title XX of the Social Security
Act), by Melinda Gish.
CRS Report RS20628, State Children’s Hospital Insurance Program (SCHIP):
Funding Changes in the 106th Congress, by Evelyne P. Baumrucker.
CRS Report RS20523, Stem Cell Research, by Judith A. Johnson and Brian A.
Jackson.

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CRS-29
CRS Report RS20623, The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration (SAMHSA): An Overview, by C. Stephen Redhead.
CRS Report 97-1048, The Title X Family Planning Program, by Sharon Kearney.
CRS Report RS20195, Violence Against Women Act: Reauthorization, Federal
Funding and Recent Developments, by Alison Siskin.
CRS Report RL30471, Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund: An Overview, by David
L. Teasley.
CRS Report RS20619, Welfare Reform: Summary of Financing and Recent
Spending Trends in the TANF Program, by Gene Falk and Jacqueline Cooke.
Selected World Wide Web Sites.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
[http://www.hhs.gov]
[http://www.hhs.gov/progorg/asmb/budget/index.html]
[http://www.hhs.gov/asmb/budget/fy2001.html]
[http://www.hhs.gov/news/speeches/20000207.html]
[http://www.hhs.gov/asmb/budget/testimony.html]
Detailed Appropriation Table
Table 8 shows the appropriation details for offices and major programs of
DHHS.

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CRS-30
Table 8. Detailed Department of Health and Human Services
Appropriations
($ in millions)
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Office or major program
final a
request
House
Senate
conference
Public Health Service (PHS)
Health Resources and Services
Administration (HRSA),
1,019
1,069
1,100
1,169
1,169
Community Health Centers
HRSA National Health Service
117
117
121
117
129
Corps
HRSA Health Professions
342
298
411
231
588
HRSA Maternal and Child
709
709
709
709
714
Health Block Grant
HRSA Ryan White AIDS
1,595
1,720
1,725
1,650
1,808
Programs
HRSA Family Planning (Title X)
239
274
239
254
254
HRSA Vaccine Injury
62
114
114
114
114
Compensation (mandatory)
HRSA, other
650
601
516
554
901
HRSA subtotal
4,733
4,902
4,935
4,798
5,677
Centers for Disease Control and
3,043
3,259
3,386
3,252
3,868
Prevention (CDC)
National Institutes of Health
17,749
18,813
18,813
20,513
20,313
(NIH) b
Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration
356
416
416
366
420
(SAMHSA) Mental Health Block
Grant
SAMHSA Substance Abuse
1,600
1,631
1,631
1,631
1,665
Block Grant
SAMHSA, Other
695
776
681
734
873
SAMHSA subtotal
2,651
2,283
2,728
2,731
2,958
Agency for Healthcare Research
110
0
124
0
105
and Quality (AHRQ)
AHRQ service level (non-add)
199
250
224
270
270
PHS subtotal
28,286
29,797
29,988
31,294
32,921
Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA)
Medicaid Grants to States
117,972
129,794
129,794
129,794
129,794
(mandatory)
Payments to Medicare Trust
69,289
70,382
70,382
70,382
70,382
Funds (mandatory)
HCFA Program Management
1,996
2,086
1,866
2,019
2,194
HCFA subtotal
189,257
202,262
202,042
202,195
202,370
Administration for Children and Families (ACF)
Family Support Payments to
States (Welfare, Child Support)
3,225
3,889
3,889
3,889
3,889
(mandatory)

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CRS-31
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Office or major program
final a
request
House
Senate
conference
Low Income Home Energy
1,100
1,100
1,100
0
0
Assistance Program (LIHEAP)
LIHEAP Additional Current
0
0
0
0
300
Year
LIHEAP Emergency Allocation c
900
300
300
300
300
Refugee and Entrant Assistance
426
433
433
426
433
Child Care and Development
1,183
2,817
2,400
817
817
Block Grant (CCDBG)
Social Services Block Grant
1,775
1,700
1,700
600
1,725
(Title XX) (mandatory)
Children and Family Services
5,267
6,267
5,667
6,267
6,200
Programs (CFSP), Head Start
CFSP Child Welfare Services
292
292
292
292
292
CFSP Developmental Disabilities
122
122
122
127
134
CFSP Community Services Block
528
510
528
550
600
Grant
CFSP Violent Crime Reduction
118
134
118
134
134
CFSP, other
501
481
504
526
596
Rescission of mandatory
-21
0
-21
-21
-21
appropriations
Promoting Safe and Stable
295
305
305
305
305
Families (mandatory)
Foster Care and Adoption
Assistance State Payments
5,915
6,604
6,599
6,604
6,599
(mandatory)
ACF subtotal
21,626
24,954
23,936
20,816
22,303
Administration on Aging
933
1,084
926
955
1,103
Office of the Secretary, Public
375
195
255
215
241
Health/Social Services Fund
Retirement Pay and Medical
Benefits, Commissioned Officers
215
220
220
220
220
(mandatory)
Office of the Secretary, Other
339
264
332
337
370
TOTALS, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Total Appropriations d
241,031
258,865
257,696
256,030
259,579
Current Year: FY2001
204,552
215,421
214,223
215,686
219,205
FY2002
36,480
43,443
43,473
40,343
40,373
Source: Amounts are compiled from the H.R. 4577 conference report, H.Rept. 106-1033.
a The FY2000 amounts are based on P.L. 106-113 (reflecting the 0.38% general discretionary fund
reduction) and the FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 106-246.
b The House bill appropriates $20.5 billion for NIH, but restricts obligations to the budget request
amount of $18.8 billion (§213); the latter amount is used for subtotals and totals in this table.
c The original FY2000 LIHEAP Emergency Allocation was $300 million. The Emergency
Supplemental Act, 2000 (P.L. 106-245) increased this appropriation to $900 million.
d Appropriation totals include discretionary and mandatory funds, and may be subject to additional
scorekeeping and other adjustments.

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CRS-32
U.S. Department of Education
Discretionary appropriations for the U.S. Department of Education (ED) are
shown in Table 9. Because appropriations may consist of mixtures of budget
authority enacted in various years, two summary measures are used. Program level
reflects the appropriations in the current bill, regardless of the year in which they will
be spent. Current year represents appropriations for the current year; the source
may be either the current bill or a prior enactment, and the amount is similar to what
is counted for the 302(b) allocations ceilings. A discussion of advance appropriations
as they relate to 302(b) allocations may be found below (see page 36).
Table 9. Department of Education Discretionary Appropriations
($ in billions) a
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Type of funding
final b
request
House
Senate
conference
Program level (from the
$35.6
$40.1
$37.1
$40.3
$42.1
current bill for any year)
Current year (for the current
29.4
40.1
37.1
38.0
40.0
year from any bill)
Advances for future years
12.4
12.4
12.4
14.7
14.6
(from the current bill)
Advances from prior years
6.2
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
(from previous bills)
Source: Amounts are compiled from the H.R. 4577 conference report, H.Rept. 106-1033.
a These amounts represent only discretionary programs funded in the L-HHS-ED appropriation bill;
appropriations for mandatory programs are excluded.
b The FY2000 amounts are based on P.L. 106-113 (reflecting the 0.38% general discretionary fund
reduction) and on the FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 106-246.
A single mandatory ED program is included in the L-HHS-ED bill — the
Vocational Rehabilitation State Grants program — funded at $2.3 billion in FY2000.
Key Issues
President’s Request. The amount of Federal support for education has been
a priority of both the Congress and the President in recent years, and the FY2001
budget request for ED continues to reflect that emphasis. Under the request, funding
would be increased for a variety of ED programs that focus on school improvement,
student achievement, effective practices, and school choice. Additional support is
requested for improving teacher quality, modernizing schools, meeting the needs of
special student populations, reaching and completing a postsecondary education, and
making college affordable. Hispanic Education receives special attention to overcome
the challenges of language and cultural barriers to education.

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CRS-33
Discretionary increases of at least $100 million requested for ED programs under
the President’s FY2001 budget include the following.
! The largest ED discretionary increase requested (in terms of absolute dollars)
is an initial $1.3 billion for a School Renovation Initiative to assist local
educational agencies (LEAs) repair or renovate their schools. The amount
would include $175 million in grants to LEAs, and the remainder to support
7-year, interest free loans to LEAs.
! Education Technology programs would be increased $137 million to provide
additional assistance to teachers and schools in the use of technology and
telecommunications for elementary and secondary education; the FY2000
amount was $766 million.
! An increase of $547 million is proposed for 21st Century Community Learning
Centers for grants that support school-based programs providing multiple
services to meet the needs of the community; the FY2000 amount was $453
million.
! $120 million is proposed for a Small, Safe, and Successful High Schools
Initiative to improve the learning environments in the Nation’s 700 largest high
schools; $45 million was provided in FY2000.
! An additional $417 million is requested for the $7.9 billion Title I Grants to
LEAs for the Education of the Disadvantaged, the largest federal formula grant
program for elementary and secondary education.
! An initial $690 million is proposed for a Teaching to High Standards Initiative,
a new formula grant program for professional development and classroom
improvement to replace the existing $335 million Eisenhower Professional
Development program.
! $450 million more is requested for the Class Size Reduction and Teacher
Assistance program, which was funded at $1.3 billion in FY2000 and was first
initiated under the FY1999 appropriations.
! $373 million more is requested for various other School Improvement
activities, more than doubling the $290 million available for these programs in
FY2000. The additional funds would be used primarily in the area of teacher
quality initiatives.
! $298 million more is requested for the $5.8 billion Special Education State
Grants program of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
! An increase of $716 million is requested for the $7.6 billion Pell Grant program
to increase access to a postsecondary education for students from low-income
families. The proposed maximum award would be increased by $200 to
$3,500.
! $125 million more is proposed for Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for
Undergraduate Programs (GEAR UP), which was funded at $200 million in
FY2000.
Decreases requested in the President’s budget include the following:
! $408 million less would be provided for Goals 2000: Educate America Act
programs, which was funded at $491 million in FY2000; the decrease
corresponds with the repeal of major program components in FY2000.
! $136 million less would be provided for the $906 million Impact Aid programs.

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CRS-34
! No funds are requested for either the $335 million Eisenhower Professional
Development program or the $366 million Innovative Program Strategies
(education block grant) program; however, these funds would be more than
offset by new teacher initiatives and other School Improvement activities.
! Like its DOL counterpart, the $55 million ED portion of the School-to-Work
Opportunities Act program would be terminated in FY2001, as specified in the
sunset provision of its authorization.
House Bill. As passed, the House bill does not accept all the funding changes
proposed in the President’s FY2001 budget.
! 21st Century Community Learning Centers would receive $600 million, $400
million less than requested but $147 million more than in FY2000.
! Title I Grants to LEAs would be funded at $7.9 billion, $417 million less than
requested but the same as in FY2000.
! Impact Aid would receive $985 million, $215 million more than requested and
$79 million more than in FY2000.
! The bill would fund Innovative Education Program Strategies at $366 million,
the same as in FY2000; the President requested program termination.
! The bill would fund the Teacher Empowerment Act, if authorized, at $1.8
billion. This Act would replace the Class Size Reduction program, for which
the President requested $1.8 billion. Class Size Reduction was funded at $1.3
billion in FY2000.
! Other School Improvement activities would be funded at $340 million, $329
million less than requested but $44 million more than in FY2000. In particular,
the House did not fund a series of small national program initiatives requested
by the President
! IDEA Special Education State Grants would be increased to $6.3 billion, $202
million more than the request and $500 million more than in FY2000.
! GEAR UP would receive $200 million, the same as the FY2000 level but $125
million less than the request.
! The House bill would not fund several of the President’s FY2001 initiatives,
including Small, Safe, Successful High Schools ($120 million requested),
Teaching to High Standards ($690 million), and School Renovation ($1.3
billion).
Senate Bill. As passed, the Senate bill differs from the House bill with regard
to several programs.
! Education Technology programs would be funded at $795 million, $110
million less than the House amount but $29 million more than in FY2000.
! Title I Grants to LEAs would receive $8.3 billion, $395 million more than the
House amount and the FY2000 level.
! The bill would provide $651 million for other programs for the Education of
the Disadvantaged, $225 million less than the House amount and $109 million
less than the FY2000 amount. In particular, the bill would provide no funds
for the Comprehensive School Reform Demonstration program, funded at
$170 million in FY2000.

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CRS-35
! Eisenhower Professional Development program would be funded at $435
million, $100 million more than the FY2000 level; the House bill would
provide no funds for this program.
! Innovative Education Program Strategies program would receive $3.1 billion,
$2.7 billion more than the House amount and the FY2000 amount. The
additional amount would be reserved for LEAs to be used “as part of a local
strategy for improving academic achievement” that might include the
recruitment and training of qualified teachers, class size reduction, or school
construction or renovation.
! No funds would be provided for the Class Size Reduction program, funded at
$1.3 billion in FY2000; the House bill would provide $1.8 billion for a Teacher
Empowerment Act.
! IDEA Special Education State Grants would be funded at $7.1 billion, $0.8
billion more than the House amount and $1.3 billion more than the FY2000
level.
! Pell Grants would receive $8.7 billion, $384 million more than the House
amount and $1.1 billion more than the FY2000 amount. The Senate bill would
increase the maximum grant to $3,650. The FY2000 maximum award was
$3,300; both the House bill and the President’s budget would set the maximum
at $3,500.
Public Law. Under the conference agreement, the largest changes in funding
from FY2000 to FY2001 for ED programs are as follows.
! The FY2001 bill provides $38 million for programs authorized by Goals 2000:
Educate America Act, $453 million less than in FY2000, and $45 million less
than requested.
! Education Technology is funded at $872 million, $106 million more than in
FY2000, but $31 million less than requested.
! $846 million is provided for 21st Century Community Learning Centers, $393
million more than in FY2000, but $154 million less than requested.
! Title I Grants to LEAs for the Education of the Disadvantaged program is
funded at $8.6 billion, $661 million more than in FY2000, and $244 million
more than requested.
! Other programs for the Education of the Disadvantaged are funded at $931
million, $171 million more than in FY2000, and $139 million more than
requested.
! Eisenhower Professional Development is provided $485 million, $150 million
more than in FY2000; no funds were requested.
! The Class Size Reduction program is funded at $1.6 billion, $323 million more
than in FY2000, but $127 million less than requested.
! $1.2 billion is provided for the initial funding of the School Repair and
Renovation program, $100 million less than requested.
! Other School Improvement activities are funded at $425 million, $129 million
more than in FY2000, but $244 million less than requested.
! The IDEA Special Education State Grants program is provided $7.1 billion,
$1.4 billion more than in FY2000, and $1.1 billion more than requested.
! Pell Grants are funded at $8.8 billion, $1.1 billion more than in FY2000, and
$400 million more than requested. The Pell Grant maximum award is

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CRS-36
increased to $3,750, which is $450 more than in FY2000, and $250 more than
requested.
! Aid for Institutional Development is funded at $393 million, $100 million more
than in FY2000, and $4 million more than requested.
! Fund for the Improvement of Education (FIE) is provided $349 million, $150
million more than in FY2000, and $212 million more than requested.
Forward Funding and Advance Appropriations. Many of the larger ED
programs have either authorization or appropriation provisions that allow funding
flexibility for school program years that differ from the federal fiscal year. For
example, some of the elementary and secondary education formula grant programs
receive funding through appropriations that become available for obligation to the
states on July 1 of the same year as the appropriations, and remain available through
the end of the following fiscal year. That is, FY2001 appropriations for some
programs will become available for obligation to the states on July 1, 2001, and will
remain available for a 15-month period until September 30, 2002. This budgetary
procedure is popularly known as “forward” or “multi-year” funding, and is
accomplished through funding provisions in the L-HHS-ED appropriations bill.
Forward funding in the case of elementary and secondary education programs
was designed to allow additional time for school officials to develop budgets in
advance of the beginning of the school year. For Pell Grants, however, aggregate
program costs for individual students applying for postsecondary educational
assistance cannot be known with certainty ahead of time. Appropriations from one
fiscal year primarily support Pell Grants during the following academic year, that is,
the FY2001 appropriation will support the 2001-2002 academic year. Unlike forward
funded programs, however, the funds remain available for obligation for 2 full fiscal
years. Thus, if cost estimates turn out to be too low, funds may be borrowed from
the following year’s appropriations, or conversely, if the estimates are too high, the
surplus may be obligated during the following year.
An advance appropriation occurs when the appropriation is provided for a fiscal
year beyond the fiscal year for which the appropriation was enacted. In the case of
FY2001 appropriations, funds would normally become available October 1, 2000,
under regular funding provisions, but would not become available until July 1, 2001,
under the forward funding provisions discussed above. However, if the July 1, 2001
forward funding date were to be postponed for obligation by 3 months, until
October 1, 2001, the appropriation would be classified as an “advance appropriation”
since the funds would become available only in the next fiscal year (FY2002). For
Title I Grants to LEAs, the FY1998 appropriation of $7.4 billion was split — $6.0
billion of forward funding, and $1.4 billion as an advance appropriation. For FY1999,
$7.7 billion was split so that $1.5 billion was for forward funding and $6.2 billion was
an advance appropriation. The FY2000 appropriation was $7.9 billion for Title I
Grants to LEAs, with forward funding of $1.7 billion (available July 1, 2000), plus an
advance appropriation of $6.2 billion (available October 1, 2000).
What is the impact of these changes in funding provisions? At the program or
service level, relatively little is changed by the 3-month delay in the availability of
funds, since most expenditures for a standard school year occur after October 1. At

---

CRS-37
the appropriations level, however, a significant technical difference occurs because
forward funding is counted as part of the current fiscal year, and is therefore fully
included in the current 302(b) allocation for discretionary appropriations. Under
federal budget scorekeeping rules, an advance appropriation is not counted in the
302(b) allocation until the following year. In essence, a 3-month change from
forward funding to an advance appropriation for part or all of the annual
appropriations for a given program allows a one-time shift from the current year to
the next year in the scoring of discretionary appropriations.8
For Additional Reading
CRS Electronic Briefing Book.
K-12 Education Briefing Book
[http://www.congress.gov/brbk/html/ebedd1.html]
CRS Issue Briefs.
CRS Issue Brief IB10029, Education for the Disadvantaged: ESEA Title I
Reauthorization Issues, by Wayne Riddle.
CRS Issue Brief IB98013, Elementary and Secondary Education Block Grant
Proposals in the 106th Congress, by Wayne C. Riddle and Paul M. Irwin.
CRS Issue Brief IB10066, Elementary and Secondary: Reconsideration of the
Federal Role by the 107th Congress, by Wayne Riddle and James Stedman.
CRS Issue Brief IB98035, School Choice: Current Legislation, by Wayne Riddle
and James Stedman.
CRS Reports.
CRS Report RL30106, Adult Education and Family Literacy Act, Title II of the
Workforce Investment Act of 1998, P.L. 105-220, by Paul M. Irwin.
CRS Report RS20447, Class Size Reduction Program: Background and Status, by
James B. Stedman.
CRS Report RS20674, Education Research, Program Evaluation, Statistics, and
Dissemination: Legislation by the 106th Congress, by Wendy K.K. Lam.
CRS Report RS20156, Elementary and Secondary School Teachers: Action by the
106th Congress, by James B. Stedman.
CRS Report RL30448, Even Start Family Literacy Programs: Background and
Reauthorization Issues, by Gail McCallion and Wayne Riddle.
CRS Report 98-676, Federal Elementary and Secondary Programs: Ed-Flex and
Other Forms of Flexibility, by Wayne Riddle.
CRS Report RL30568, Goals 2000: Implementation, Impact, and Action by the
106th Congress, by James B. Stedman.
CRS Report RL30075, Impact Aid: Overview and Reauthorization Issues, by
Richard N. Apling.
8For additional information on budget enforcement procedures, see CRS Report 98-720,
Manual on the Federal Budget Process, by Robert Keith and Allen Schick.

---

CRS-38
CRS Report 97-433, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: Full Funding of
State Formula, by Richard N. Apling.
CRS Report RS20366, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA):
Overview of Major Provisions, by Richard Apling and Nancy Lee Jones.
CRS Report 96-178, Information Technology and Elementary and Secondary
Education: Current Status and Federal Support, by Patricia Osorio-O’Dea.
CRS Report 98-67, Internet: An Overview of Key Technology Policy Issues
Affecting Its Use and Growth, by Marcia S. Smith, et al.
CRS Report RS20036, Internet — Protecting Children from Unsuitable Material
and Sexual Predators: Overview and Pending Legislation, by Marcia S. Smith.
CRS Report RL30663, The Reading Excellence Act: Implementation Status and
Issues, by Gail McCallion.
CRS Report RS20532, The Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act:
Reauthorization and Appropriations, by Edith Fairman Cooper.
CRS Report RS20171, School Facilities Infrastructure: Background and Legislative
Proposals in the 106th Congress, by Susan Boren.
CRS Report 97-541, School-to-Work Opportunities Act, by Richard N. Apling.
CRS Report 98-969, Technology Challenge Programs in the Elementary and
Secondary Education Act, by Patricia Osorio-O’Dea.
CRS Report 98-957, TRIO and GEAR UP Programs: Provisions and Status, by
James B. Stedman.
CRS Report RL30306, 21st Century Community Learning Centers: An Overview of
the Program and Analysis of Reauthorization Issues, by Gail McCallion.
Selected World Wide Web Sites.
U.S. Department of Education Home Page
[http://www.ed.gov/]
[http://www.ed.gov/offices/OUS/budget.html]
[http://www.ed.gov/offices/OUS/Budget01/]
[http://www.ed.gov/offices/OUS/Budget01/BudgetSumm/]
[http://www.ed.gov/offices/OUS/budnews.html]
[http://www.ed.gov/Speeches/02-2000/20000207.html]
Detailed Appropriation Table
Table 10 shows the appropriation details for offices and major programs of ED.

---

CRS-39
Table 10. Detailed Department of Education Appropriations
($ in millions)
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Office or major program
final a
request
House
Senate
conference
Office of Elementary and Secondary Education (OESE)
Goals 2000: Educate America
491
83
0
40
38
Act
School-to-Work Opportunities
55
0
0
0
0
Educational Technology
766
903
905
795
872
21st Century Community
453
1,000
600
600
846
Learning Centers
Small, Safe, Successful High
45
120
0
0
125
Schools Initiative
Title I Education for the
7,941
8,358
7,941
8,336
8,602
Disadvantaged, Grants to LEAs
Education for the Disadvantaged,
760
792
876
651
931
Other
Impact Aid
906
770
985
1,075
993
School Improvement (SI),
Eisenhower Professional
335
0
0
435
485
Development
SI Innovative Education Program
366
0
366
3,100
385
Strategies
SI Teaching to High Standards
0
690
0
0
0
Initiative
SI Class Size Reduction, Teacher
1,300
1,750
1,750
0
1,623
Empowerment b
SI Safe and Drug-Free Schools
600
650
599
642
644
SI Magnet Schools
110
110
110
110
110
SI School Repair and Renovation
0
1,300
0
0
1,200
SI, other
296
669
340
386
425
Reading Excellence Act
260
286
260
286
286
Indian Education
77
116
108
116
116
OESE subtotal
14,761
17,597
14,840
16,572
17,681
Bilingual and Immigrant
406
460
406
443
460
Education
Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services
IDEA Special Education, State
5,755
6,053
6,255
7,053
7,113
Grants
IDEA Special Education,
282
316
295
300
327
National Activities
Vocational Rehabilitation State
2,339
2,400
2,400
2,400
2,400
Grants (mandatory)
Rehabilitation Services, other
368
399
377
400
406
Special Institutions for Persons
144
150
154
155
155
With Disabilities
Office of Vocational and Adult Education
Vocational Education
1,193
1,184
1,228
1,214
1,243
Adult Education
470
556
491
491
561

---

CRS-40
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Office or major program
final a
request
House
Senate
conference
Incarcerated Youth Offenders
19
12
0
22
22
Office of Student Financial Assistance Programs
Pell Grants
7,640
8,356
8,308
8,692
8,756
Pell Grants, maximum awards
3,300
3,500
3,500
3,650
3,750
(in dollars, non-add)
Supplemental Educational
631
691
691
691
691
Opportunity Grants
Federal Work-Study
934
1,011
1,011
1,011
1,011
Federal Perkins Loans, Capital
100
100
100
100
100
Contributions
Federal Perkins Loans, Loan
30
60
40
75
60
Cancellations
Leveraging Educational
40
40
0
70
55
Assistance Partnership (LEAP)
Loan Forgiveness for Child Care
0
0
0
10
1
Federal Family Education Loans,
48
48
48
48
48
Administration
Office of Postsecondary Education
Aid for Institutional
293
389
389
358
393
Development
Federal TRIO Programs
645
725
760
737
730
GEAR UP
200
325
200
225
295
Other Higher Education
393
357
339
374
494
Howard University
219
224
226
224
232
College Housing and Academic
1
1
1
1
1
Facilities Loans, Administration
Office of Educational Research and Improvement
Research and Statistics
277
325
277
287
306
Fund for the Improvement of
199
137
145
142
349
Education
Other Research and Improvement
70
56
72
78
78
Departmental Management
488
526
488
505
526
TOTALS, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Total Appropriations c
37,945
42,495
39,542
42,675
44,491
Current Year: FY2001
25,497
30,047
27,094
27,926
29,910
FY2002
12,448
12,448
12,448
14,748
14,581
Source: Amounts are compiled from the H.R. 4577 conference report, H.Rept. 106-1033.
a The FY2000 amounts are based on P.L. 106-113 (reflecting the 0.38% general discretionary fund
reduction) and the FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 106-246.
b The FY2001 House appropriation is contingent on enactment of the Teacher Empowerment Act.
c Appropriation totals include discretionary and mandatory funds, and may be subject to additional
scorekeeping and other adjustments.

---

CRS-41
Related Agencies
Discretionary appropriations for the L-HHS-ED Related Agencies are shown in
Table 11. Because appropriations may consist of mixtures of budget authority
enacted in various years, two summary measures are used. Program level reflects the
appropriations in the current bill, regardless of the year in which they will be spent.
Current level represents appropriations for the current year; the source may be either
the current bill or a prior enactment, and the amount is similar to what is counted for
the 302(b) allocations ceilings. A discussion of advance appropriations as they relate
to 302(b) allocations may be found in the U.S. Department of Education section (see
page 36).
Table 11. Related Agencies Discretionary Appropriations
($ in billions) a
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Type of funding
final b
request
House
Senate
conference
Program level (from the
$8.2
$8.8
$8.6
$8.6
$8.8
current bill for any year)
Current year (for the current
8.1
8.7
8.5
8.5
8.7
year from any bill)
Advances for future years
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
(from the current bill)
Advances from prior years
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
(from previous bills)
Source: Amounts are compiled from the H.R. 4577 conference report, H.Rept. 106-1033.
a These amounts represent only discretionary programs funded by the L-HHS-ED appropriation bill;
appropriations for mandatory programs are excluded.
b The FY2000 amounts are based on P.L. 106-113 (reflecting the 0.38% general discretionary fund
reduction) and on the FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 106-246.
Mandatory programs for related agencies included in the L-HHS-ED bill were
funded at $30.3 billion in FY2000, including $29.6 billion for the Supplemental
Security Income (SSI) program and $0.5 billion for Special Benefits for Disabled Coal
Miners.
Key Issues
President’s Request. The President’s FY2001 budget for related agencies
includes increases in discretionary spending of at least $100 million for the following.
! $298 million additional is proposed for the SSA Limitation on Administrative
Expenses, which was funded at $4.2 billion in FY2000.

---

CRS-42
! An increase of $238 million is requested for discretionary activities related to
the SSI program, primarily administrative activities; the FY2000 funding level
was $2.4 billion.
Smaller increases are proposed for Corporation for National and Community
Service (CNS) programs ($18 million); the Corporation for Public Broadcasting
(CPB), including the CPB Digitalization program ($15 million and $75 million,
respectively); and the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) ($10 million).
Reductions are requested for several Related Agencies programs, including the
Railroad Retirement Board ($11 million).
House Bill. As passed, the House bill does not accept all the funding changes
proposed in the President’s FY2001 budget.
! The House bill would provide $2.4 billion for discretionary activities related
to the SSI program, $227 million less than requested but $11 million more than
the FY2000 amount.
! $4.5 billion would be provided for activities funded under the SSA Limitation
on Administrative Expenses, $71 million more than requested and $360 million
more than in FY2000.
! A provision of the House bill (§514) would move the delivery date of the
October 2000 SSI benefits payment of $2.4 billion from October 2, 2000
(FY2001) back to September 29, 2000 (FY2000).
Senate Bill. As passed, the Senate bill differs from the House bill with regard
to several programs.
! The Senate proposal would provide $2.7 billion for SSI discretionary activities,
$227 million more than the House bill and $238 million more than in FY2000.
! $4.4 billion would be provided for the SSA Limitation on Administrative
Expenses, $194 million below the amount proposed by the House but $166
million more than in FY2000.
! A provision of the Senate bill, as reported (§515), would have moved the
October 2000 SSI benefits payment of $2.4 billion from October 2, 2000, to
September 29, 2000, but this provision was deleted on the Senate floor.9
Public Law. Under the conference agreement, the largest changes in funding
from FY2000 to FY2001 for related agency programs are as follows.
! The FY2001 bill provides $2.7 billion for discretionary activities related to the
SSI program, $228 million more than the FY2000 amount, but $10 million less
than requested.
9A similar provision has been enacted as part of the Emergency Supplemental Act, 2000
(Division B of P.L. 106-246, §5105); see discussion in Related Legislation, p. 48. September
29, 2000 (FY2000), was the payment date for October 2000 SSI benefit payments prior to
the enactment of §5527 of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, P.L. 105-33, which reset the SSI
payment date as October 2, 2000 (FY2001).

---

CRS-43
! The SSA Limitation on Administrative expenses is funded at $4.5 billion, $289
million more than for FY2000, and the same as the amount requested.
! $207 million is provided for the Institute of Museum and Library Services
(IMLS) programs authorized by the Library Services and Technology Act, $41
million more than in FY2000, and $34 million more than requested.
For Additional Reading
CRS Electronic Briefing Book.
Social Security Briefing Book
[http://www.congress.gov/brbk/html/ebssc1.html]
CRS Issue Briefs.
CRS Issue Brief IB98048, Social Security Reform, by David S. Koitz and Geoffrey
Kollmann.
CRS Reports.
CRS Report RL30186, Community Service: A Description of AmeriCorps, Foster
Grandparents, and Other Federally Funded Programs, by Ann Lordeman and
Alice D. Butler.
CRS Report 97-755, National Labor Relations Act: Regulation of Unfair Labor
Practices, by Michael Schmerling.
CRS Report RS20548, Public Broadcasting: Frequently Asked Questions, by
Bernevia McCalip.
CRS Report RS20408, Railroad Retirement and Unemployment Benefits: A Fact
Sheet, by Rachel W. Kelly.
CRS Report RS20635, Railroad Retirement Legislation: An Overview of the
Railroad Retirement and Survivors Improvement Act of 2000 (H.R. 4844), by
Rachel W. Kelly.
CRS Report 98-422, Social Security and the Federal Budget: What Does Social
Security’s Being “Off Budget” Mean?, by David Stuart Koitz.
CRS Report RS20165, Social Security “Lock Box”, by David Stuart Koitz.
CRS Report 94-486, Supplemental Security Income (SSI): A Fact Sheet, by Carmen
Solomon-Fears and Rachel Kelly.
CRS Report RS20019, Supplemental Security Income (SSI): Fraud Reduction and
Overpayment Recovery, by Carmen Solomon-Fears.
CRS Report RS20419, VISTA and the Senior Volunteer Service Corps: Description
and Funding Levels, by Ann Lordeman.

---

CRS-44
Selected World Wide Web Sites.10
Armed Forces Retirement Home
[http://www.afrh.com]
Corporation for National and Community Service
[http://www.cns.gov]
[http://www.cns.gov/news/2000_1_11_1.html]
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
[http://www.cpb.org]
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
[http://www.fmcs.gov]
Institute of Museum and Library Services
[http://www.imls.gov]
[http://www.imls.gov/whatsnew/leg/leg_bdrq01.htm]
[http://www.imls.gov/whatsnew/leg/tst01lh.htm]
Medicare Payment Advisory Commission
[http://www.medpac.gov/]
National Commission on Libraries and Information Science
[http://www.nclis.gov/]
National Council on Disability
[http://www.ncd.gov/]
[http://www.ncd.gov/newsroom/testimony/wolters_3-30-00.html]
National Education Goals Panel
[http://www.negp.gov/]
National Labor Relations Board
[http://www.nlrb.gov]
[http://www.nlrb.gov/press/truesdale_stmt2001.html]
[http://www.nlrb.gov/press/page_stmt2001.html]
Railroad Retirement Board
[http://www.rrb.gov]
[http://www.rrb.gov/FY2001chair.html]
Social Security Administration
[http://www.ssa.gov]
[http://www.ssa.gov/budget/]
10Not all of the L-HHS-ED related agencies have web sites, and not all web sites include
FY2001 budget information.

---

CRS-45
United States Institute of Peace
[http://www.usip.org]
Detailed Appropriation Table
Table 12 shows the appropriation details for offices and major programs of the
L-HHS-ED related agencies.

---

CRS-46
Table 12. Detailed Related Agencies Appropriations
($ in millions)
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Office or major program
final a
request
House
Senate
conference
Armed Services Retirement
68
70
70
70
70
Home
Corporation for National and Community Service (CNS) b
CNS Volunteers in Service to
81
86
81
83
83
America (VISTA)
CNS National Senior Volunteer
183
193
182
187
189
Corps
CNS Program Administration
31
34
32
32
32
CNS subtotal
295
313
295
302
304
Corporation for Public
Broadcasting (CPB), 2-Year
350
365
365
365
365
Advance
CPB Digitalization Initiative,
10
85
0
20
20
with multi-year advances c
CPB Supplementals and
-1
0
0
-1
0
Rescissions
Federal Mediation and
37
39
38
38
38
Conciliation Service
Federal Mine Safety and Health
6
6
6
6
6
Review Committee
Institute of Museum and Library
Services (IMLS), Library
166
173
170
168
207
Services and Technology Act d
Medicare Payment Advisory
7
8
8
8
8
Commission
National Commission on
Libraries and Information
1
1
1
1
1
Science
National Council on Disability
2
3
2
3
3
National Education Goals Panel
2
2
0
2
2
National Labor Relations Board
206
216
206
216
216
National Mediation Board
10
10
10
10
10
Occupational Safety and Health
8
9
9
9
9
Review Commission
Railroad Retirement Board Dual
259
248
250
248
251
Benefits

---

CRS-47
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Office or major program
final a
request
House
Senate
conference
Social Security Administration (SSA)
SSA Special Benefits for
Disabled Coal Minors
508
480
480
480
480
(mandatory)
SSA Supplemental Security
29,618
31,164
31,164
31,164
31,164
Income (SSI) (mandatory)
SSA SSI, other
2,422
2,660
2,433
2,660
2,650
SSA Federal Funds, other
21
20
20
20
20
(mandatory)
SSA Limitation on
4,185
4,474
4,545
4,351
4,474
Administrative Expenses
SSA Office of Inspector General
66
73
66
69
69
SSA subtotal
36,820
38,871
38,708
38,744
38,857
United States Institute for Peace
13
14
15
13
15
TOTALS, RELATED AGENCIES
Total Appropriations e
38,259
40,435
40,152
40,224
40,383
Current Year: FY2001
27,895
29,421
29,203
29,276
29,433
FY2002
10,014
10,619
10,584
10,584
10,584
FY2003
350
395
365
365
365
Source: Amounts are compiled from the H.R. 4577 conference report, H.Rept. 106-1033.
a The FY2000 amounts are based on P.L. 106-113 (reflecting the 0.38% general discretionary fund
reduction) and on the FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 106-246.
b Funds are provided only for CNS Domestic Volunteer Service Act programs — the Corporation
also receives funds from the Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development (VA/HUD)
Appropriations for AmeriCorps Grants and other programs under the National Community Service
Act ($437 million in FY2000).
c The FY2000 CPB Digitalization funds were contingent on the enactment of a specific authorization
by September 30, 2000 (which did not happen). The FY2001 request includes $20 million for
FY2001, $35 million for FY2002, and $30 million for FY2003.
d Funds are provided only for IMLS programs authorized by the Library Services and Technology
Act, — the Institute also receives funds from the Interior Appropriations for Museum Services
programs ($24 million in FY2000).
e Appropriation totals include discretionary and mandatory funds, and may be subject to additional
scorekeeping and other adjustments.

---

CRS-48
Related Legislation
Several legislative items related to L-HHS-ED appropriations have been
considered by the 106th Congress; during the 2nd Session, a series of FY2001
continuing resolutions, the FY2000 supplemental appropriations, and the FY2001
budget resolution have been the focus of attention.
FY2001 Continuing Resolutions: P.L. 106-275, as Amended
A series of continuing resolutions are providing FY2001 appropriations on a
temporary basis for most ongoing L-HHS-ED projects and activities, including the
costs of direct loans and loan guarantees. These resolutions are necessary because
regular L-HHS-ED appropriations were not enacted by the start of FY2001 on
October 1, 2000.11 Funding under the continuing resolutions is provided at a rate of
operations not exceeding the “current rate,” under FY2000 conditions and program
authority.12 New initiatives are prohibited. For programs with high spend out rates
that normally would occur early in the fiscal year, special restrictions are made to
prevent spending that would impinge on final funding decisions.
! 1st FY2001 Continuing Resolution, H.J.Res. 109, provides temporary
appropriations for L-HHS-ED programs for the period October 1 through
October 6, 2000, unless the regular appropriations were to be enacted sooner.
It passed the House by a vote of 415 to 2 on September 26, and passed the
Senate by a vote of 96 to 0 on September 28; it was signed into law by the
President September 29, 2000, as P.L. 106-275.
! 2nd FY2001 Continuing Resolution, P.L. 106-282 (H.J.Res. 110), extends
the provisions of P.L. 106-275 through October 14, 2000.
! 3rd FY2001 Continuing Resolution, P.L. 106-306 (H.J.Res. 111), extends
P.L. 106-275 through October 20, 2000.
! 4th FY2001 Continuing Resolution, P.L. 106-344 (H.J.Res. 114), extends
P.L. 106-275 through October 25, 2000.
! 5th FY2001 Continuing Resolution, P.L. 106-358 (H.J.Res. 115), extends
P.L. 106-275 through October 26, 2000.
! 6th FY2001 Continuing Resolution, P.L. 106-359 (H.J.Res. 116), extends
P.L. 106-275 through October 27, 2000.
! 7th FY2001 Continuing Resolution, P.L. 106-381 (H.J.Res. 117), extends
P.L. 106-275 through October 28, 2000.
! 8th FY2001 Continuing Resolution, P.L. 106-388 (H.J.Res. 118), extends
P.L. 106-275 through October 29, 2000.
11For background on continuing resolutions, see CRS Report RL30343, Continuing
Appropriations Acts: Brief Overview of Resent Practices, by Sandy Streeter.
12The term “current rate” as used in a continuing resolution refers to the amount of money
available for an activity during the previous fiscal year. This amount usually means the
appropriation for the previous year with adjustments for any supplemental appropriations,
rescissions, unobligated balances, and sometimes for advance appropriations provisions as
well. As a result, the current rate would not necessarily correspond to the FY2000 amounts
stated in this report.

---

CRS-49
! 9th FY2001 Continuing Resolution, P.L. 106-389 (H.J.Res. 119), extends
P.L. 106-275 through October 30, 2000.
! 10th FY2001 Continuing Resolution, P.L. 106-401 (H.J.Res. 120), extends
P.L. 106-275 through October 31, 2000.
! 11th FY2001 Continuing Resolution, P.L. 106-403 (H.J.Res. 121), extends
P.L. 106-275 through November 1, 2000.
! 12th FY2001 Continuing Resolution, P.L. 106-416 (H.J.Res. 122), extends
P.L. 106-275 through November 2, 2000.
! 13th FY2001 Continuing Resolution, P.L. 106-426 (H.J.Res. 123), extends
P.L. 106-275 through November 3, 2000.
! 14th FY2001 Continuing Resolution, P.L. 106-427 (H.J.Res. 124), extends
P.L. 106-275 through November 4, 2000.
! 15th FY2001 Continuing Resolution, P.L. 106-428 (H.J.Res. 84), extends
P.L. 106-275 through November 14, 2000.
! 16th FY2001 Continuing Resolution, P.L. 106-520 (H.J.Res. 125), extends
P.L. 106-275 through December 5, 2000.
! 17th FY2001 Continuing Resolution, P.L. 106-537 (H.J.Res. 126), extends
P.L. 106-275 through December 7, 2000.
! 18th FY2001 Continuing Resolution, P.L. 106-539 (H.J.Res. 127), extends
P.L. 106-275 through December 8, 2000.
! 19th FY2001 Continuing Resolution, P.L. 106-540 (H.J.Res. 128), extends
P.L. 106-275 through December 11, 2000.
! 20th FY2001 Continuing Resolution, P.L. 106-542 (H.J.Res. 129), extends
P.L. 106-275 through December 15, 2000.
! 21st FY2001 Continuing Resolution, P.L. 106-543 (H.J.Res. 133), extends
P.L. 106-275 through December 21, 2000.
FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 106-246 (H.R. 4425)
FY2000 supplemental appropriations and rescissions are enacted by Division B,
the Emergency Supplemental Act, 2000, of P.L. 106-246 (H.R. 4425, H.Rept. 106-
710).13 Division A of P.L. 106-246 is the Military Construction Appropriations Act,
2001, and Division C provides supplemental funds for the Cerro Grande fire earlier
this year near Los Alamos, New Mexico. The L-HHS-ED provisions of P.L. 106-246
include additional appropriations of: $600 million for the LIHEAP Emergency
Allocation; $35 million for Foster Care and Adoption Assistance; $31 million for the
National Pharmaceutical Stockpile under PHSSF; $12 million for international
HIV/AIDS programs at the CDC; $35 million for the SSA Limitation on
Administrative Expenses; and increases for several smaller programs or activities. In
addition, the bill includes $20 million in FY2001 funds for competitive grants at
HRSA to provide abstinence education to adolescents. Offsetting rescissions for
L-HHS-ED programs include $43 million in PHSSF appropriations and $20 million
in DHHS Departmental Management funds for FY2001. Under §5105, SSI benefit
payments for October 2000 would be delivered on September 29, 2000 (FY2000)
13For details, see CRS Report RL30457, Supplemental Appropriations for FY2000: Plan
Columbia, Kosovo, Foreign Debt Relief, Home Energy Assistance, and Other Initiatives, by
Larry Nowels, et al.

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CRS-50
instead of on October 2, 2000 (FY2001), as required under current law as amended
by §5527 of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, P.L. 105-33.14 Under §5104, §216
of the FY2000 L-HHS-ED Appropriations is deleted; §216 delayed $5.0 billion in
obligations until the end of FY2000 for several DHHS activities, including NIH,
HRSA, CDC, Children and Family Services Programs, SSBG, and SAMHSA.
Only the conference version of H.R. 4425 included L-HHS-ED provisions and
not the earlier versions as initially passed by the House or the Senate. However,
similar L-HHS-ED supplemental appropriations would have been provided through
H.R. 3908 (H.Rept. 106-521) as passed by the House, amended, March 30, 2000
(roll call #95, 263-146), and through S. 2536, the Department of Agriculture
Appropriations, 2001 (S.Rept. 106-288), as reported by the Senate Appropriations
Committee May 9, 2000. The conference report for H.R. 4425 (H.Rept. 106-710)
was passed by the House June 29, 2000, by a vote of 306 to 110 (roll call #362), and
by the Senate June 30, 2000, by voice vote. H.R. 4425 was signed into law by the
President on July 13, 2000, as P.L. 106-246.
FY2001 Budget Resolution, H.Con.Res. 290/S.Con.Res. 101
The FY2001 concurrent resolution on the budget sets forth the annual levels for
the federal budget through FY2005.15 The resolution establishes the aggregate
discretionary spending limit for the 13 regular appropriations bills, known as the
301(a) allocation, and specifies the budget reconciliation process for the modification
of mandatory spending limits, if necessary. The resolution sets spending targets for
functional categories of the budget, and contains “sense of the Congress” provisions.
Report language indicates the funding assumptions made for selected programs that
might be used to reach the spending targets. However, the final spending figures for
departments and agencies — as well as programs, projects, and activities — are to be
enacted through individual appropriations bills. H.Con.Res. 290 (H.Rept. 106-530)
was passed by the House March 24, 2000 (roll call #75, 211-207). The text of
S.Con.Res. 101 (S.Rept. 106-251) was incorporated into H.Con.Res. 290 and passed
by the Senate April 7, 2000 (roll call #79, 51-45). The conference report (H.Rept.
106-577) was agreed to by the House (roll call #125, 220-208) and by the Senate
(roll call #85, 50-48) on April 13, 2000.
14This same provision is included as §514 in the House version of H.R. 4577. A similar
provision was included in the Senate reported version of S. 2553 (§515). However, this
provision was deleted from the Senate-passed version H.R. 4577 under a point of order raised
by Senator Gramm during Senate floor consideration (see Congressional Record, daily
edition, June 28, 2000, p, S5979-84, S6030; and June 30, 2000, p. S6204).
15For details, see CRS Issue Brief IB10052, The Budget for Fiscal Year 2001, by Philip D.
Winters.

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CRS-51
Appropriations in the 106th Congress, First Session
Most L-HHS-ED appropriations for FY2000 were provided by P.L. 106-113,
informally known as the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2000,16 which was
signed into law by the President on November 29, 1999 (H.R. 3194, conference
report H.Rept. 106-479). Section 1000(a)(4) of P.L. 106-113 enacted by cross
reference H.R. 3424, the FY2000 L-HHS-ED Appropriations.17 In addition,
§1000(a)(5) of P.L. 106-113 enacted by cross reference H.R. 3425, §301 of which
required a general reduction of FY2000 discretionary budget authority of 0.38%, to
be applied to each federal department and agency. Under this provision, no program,
project, or activity could be reduced by more than 15% of what would have otherwise
been provided through any Act for FY2000. Other legislation in the first session
related to L-HHS-ED appropriations included the following:
! P.L. 106-31, the 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, provided
supplemental appropriations and offsetting rescissions for a number of L-HHS-
ED programs.18 H.R. 1141 (H.Rept. 106-64) passed the House March 24,
1999. S. 544 (S.Rept. 106-8) was amended and passed by the Senate on
March 23; subsequently, its text was incorporated into H.R. 1141 as an
amendment and was passed by the Senate on March 25, 1999. The conference
report (H.Rept. 106-143) was passed by the House on May 18 and by the
Senate May 20. As amended, H.R. 1141 was signed into law by the President
May 21, 1999.
! Seven continuing resolutions provided temporary FY2000 funding for L-
HHS-ED programs prior to the enactment of P.L. 106-113 on November 29,
1999 (P.L. 106-62, P.L. 106-75, P.L. 106-85, P.L. 106-88, P.L. 106-94, P.L.
106-105, and P.L. 106-106).19
! H.R. 3064 (conference report H.Rept. 106-416) would have provided FY2000
appropriations for both the District of Columbia and L-HHS-ED, with L-HHS-
ED discretionary appropriations funded at approximately $1.4 billion below the
amount eventually enacted in P.L. 106-113. H.R. 3064 was vetoed by the
President (H.Doc. 106-154) November 3, 1999.
16For a guide to the entire Act, see CRS Report RS20403, FY2000 Consolidated
Appropriations Act: Reference Guide, by Robert Keith.
17For details on the L-HHS-ED part of the Act, see CRS Report RL30203, Appropriations
for FY2000: Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, by Paul M. Irwin.
18For details, see CRS Report RL30083, Supplemental Appropriations for FY1999: Central
America Disaster Aid, Middle East Peace, and Other Initiatives, by Larry Nowels.
19For background on continuing resolutions, see CRS Report RL30343, Continuing
Appropriations Acts: Brief Overview of Resent Practices, by Sandy Streeter.

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! H.Con.Res. 68, the FY2000 concurrent resolution on the budget, set annual
levels for the federal budget through FY2009.20 H.Con.Res. 68 (H.Rept. 106-
73) was amended and passed by the House, March 25, 1999. S.Con.Res. 20
(S.Rept. 106-27) was amended and incorporated in H.Con.Res. 68 as an
amendment, and passed the Senate March 25, 1999. A conference report
(H.Rept. 106-91) was agreed to by the House April 14, and by the Senate
April 15, 1999.
20For additional information, see CRS Issue Brief IB10017, The Budget for Fiscal Year 2000,
by Philip D. Winters.

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Appendix A: Terminology
Advance appropriation21 is budget authority that will become available in a fiscal
year beyond the fiscal year for which the appropriations act is enacted; scorekeeping
counts the entire amount in the fiscal year it first becomes available for obligation.
Appropriation is budget authority that permits federal agencies to incur obligations
and to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. Appropriations
represent the amounts that agencies may obligate during the period of time specified
in the law. Annual appropriations are provided in appropriations acts; most
permanent appropriations are provided in substantive law. Major types of
appropriations are regular, supplemental, and continuing.
Budget authority is legal authority to incur financial obligations that normally result
in the outlay of federal government funds. Major types of budget authority are
appropriations, borrowing authority, and contract authority. Budget authority also
includes the subsidy cost of direct and guaranteed loans, but excludes the portion of
loans that is not subsidized.
Budget resolution is a concurrent resolution passed by both Houses of Congress, but
not requiring the signature of the President, setting forth the congressional budget for
at least 5 fiscal years. It includes various budget totals and functional allocations.
Discretionary spending is budget authority provided in annual appropriation acts,
other than appropriated entitlements.
Entitlement authority is the authority to make payments to persons, businesses, or
governments that meet the eligibility criteria established by law; as such, it represents
a legally binding obligation on the part of the federal government. Entitlement
authority may be funded by either annual or permanent appropriation acts.
Forward funding is budget authority that becomes available after the beginning of
one fiscal year and remains available into the next fiscal year; the entire amount is
counted or scored in the fiscal year it first becomes available.
Mandatory (direct) spending includes: (a) budget authority provided in laws other
than appropriations; (b) entitlement authority; and (c) the Food Stamp program.
Rescission is the cancellation of budget authority previously enacted.
Scorekeeping is a set of procedures for tracking and reporting on the status of
congressional budgetary actions.
Supplemental appropriation is budget authority provided in an appropriations act
in addition to regular appropriations already provided.
21These definitions are based on CRS Report 98-720, Manual on the Federal Budget Process,
by Robert Keith and Allen Schick.

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CRS-54
Appendix B: Scope of the L-HHS-ED Bill
The FY2000 budget authority for all federal programs is estimated to be
$1,801.1 billion, as shown in Table B.1. Of this amount, $901.5 billion (50.1%) is
the total for the departments and related agencies funded through the L-HHS-ED bill.
Table B.1. Scope of the L-HHS-ED Bill
(Estimated FY2000 budget authority in billions of dollars) a
Estimated
Percent of
Budget category
amount
federal budget
Total Federal Budget Authority
$1,801.1
100.0%
U.S. Department of Labor
31.7
1.8%
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
394.8
21.9%
U.S. Department of Education
32.7
1.8%
Social Security Administration (On-budget)
44.5
2.5%
Social Security Administration (Off-budget)
396.3
22.0%
Other Related Agencies
1.5
0.1%
L-HHS-ED Agency Total
901.5
50.1%
L-HHS-ED Bill, Total Current Year Funds
315.2
17.5%
L-HHS-ED Bill, Current Year Mandatory Funds
229.1
12.7%
L-HHS-ED Bill, Current Year Discretionary Funds
86.1
4.8%
Total Federal Discretionary Funds
591.5
32.8%
Source: Budget of the United States Government Historical Tables, Fiscal Year 2001, Table 5.2;
Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2001, Table S-9; and the conference report
H.Rept. 106-479, which provides details for the FY2000 L-HHS-ED amounts under P.L. 106-113.
Note: For data comparability, this table uses data based on the February 2000 OMB budget
documents and the November 2000 L-HHS-ED FY2000 conference report; the data therefore do not
include funding adjustments made by the P.L. 106-246 FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations.
The estimated FY2000 appropriation for L-HHS-ED was $315.2 billion in
current year funds — $86.1 billion in discretionary funds and $229.1 billion in
mandatory funds. The L-HHS-ED Appropriations Subcommittees generally have
effective control only over the discretionary funds, which constitute 4.8% of the
aggregate budget authority for all federal departments and agencies, and 9.6% of the
total budget authority for L-HHS-ED departments and agencies.22 What accounts for
the remaining 90.4% of L-HHS-ED funds?
22The annual congressional budget resolution sets aggregate spending targets for budget
functions; House and Senate committees must initiate and report legislation that will achieve
these targets. Typically, appropriation committees develop proposals to meet discretionary
spending levels through appropriation bills. Likewise, authorizing committees develop
proposals to meet mandatory spending levels; these proposals are often reported by separate
authorizing committees and combined into a single, omnibus reconciliation bill.

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First, some DOL, DHHS, and ED programs receive automatic funding without
congressional intervention in the annual appropriations process; these programs
receive funds from permanent appropriations and trust funds instead. This process
accounts for most of the difference between the L-HHS-ED bill total of $315.2 billion
and the agency total of $901.5 billion in FY2000. The major programs in this group
include Unemployment Compensation, Medicare, Railroad Retirement, Temporary
Assistance for Needy Families (TANF, the welfare assistance program), Student Loan
programs, State Children’s Health Insurance Program, and Social Security benefits.23
Second, mandatory programs account for the difference between the
L-HHS-ED total of $315.2 billion and the subtotal of $86.1 billion for discretionary
funds in FY2000. Although annual appropriations are made for these programs —
these are sometimes called “appropriated entitlement” programs — in general the
amounts provided must be sufficient to cover program obligations and entitlements
to beneficiaries. For these programs, as well as the programs funded through trust
funds and permanent authorities, most changes in funding levels are made through
amendments to authorizing legislation rather than through annual appropriation bills.
Federal administrative costs for these programs typically are subject to annual
discretionary appropriations, however. For L-HHS-ED agencies, these programs
include Supplemental Security Income, Black Lung Disability payments, Foster Care
and Adoption, the Social Services Block Grant, and Vocational Rehabilitation, as well
as general (non-earmarked) fund support for Medicare and Medicaid.
Third, two DHHS programs are funded in other appropriations bills.
! The Food and Drug Administration is funded by the Agriculture appropriations
bill ($1.1 billion in FY2000).
! The Indian Health Service is funded by the Interior appropriations bill ($2.4
billion in FY2000).
Note: Two L-HHS-ED activities receive funds from two appropriations bills.
For FY2000, the Corporation for National and Community Service (CNS) is
funded at $295 million from L-HHS-ED Appropriations for programs authorized
under the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973, and at $437 million from the
Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development (VA/HUD) Appropriations
for AmeriCorps and other programs authorized by the National Community Service
Act. The Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) is funded at $166
million under L-HHS-ED Appropriations for Library Services, and at $24 million
under the Interior Appropriations for Museum Services
23The Social Security Administration (SSA) was separated from DHHS and established as an
independent federal agency on March 31, 1995. Within the L-HHS-ED bill, however, the
SSA merely was transferred from DHHS to the category of “related agency.” The operation
of the Social Security trust funds is considered off-budget. Of the $901.5 billion total for
L-HHS-ED departments and agencies in FY2000, the SSA accounted for $440.8 billion, or
48.9% of the total. As shown in Table B.1, the SSA amount represents $44.5 billion for
designated on-budget activities and $396.3 billion for off-budget activities.

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