Order Code RL30503
CRS Report for Congress
Received through the CRS Web
Appropriations for FY2001: Labor, Health and
Human Services, and Education
Updated August 17, 2000
Paul M. Irwin
Specialist in Social Legislation
Domestic Social Policy Division
Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

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Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process that includes budget
resolutions, appropriations (regular, supplemental, and continuing) bills, rescissions, and
budget reconciliation bills. The process begins with the President’s budget request and is
bounded by the rules of the House and Senate, the Congressional Budget and Impoundment
Control Act of 1974 (as amended), the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990, and current
program authorizations.
This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress considers
each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate
Appropriations Subcommittees on Labor, Health and Human Servic es, and Education. It
summarizes the current legislative status of the bill, its scope, major issues, funding levels,
and related legislative activity. The report lists the key CRS staff relevant to the issues
covered and related CRS products.
This report is updated as soon as possible after major legislative developments, especially
following legislative action in the committees and on the floor of the House and Senate.
NOTE: A Web version of this document with
active links is available to congressional staff at
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/apppage.html]

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Appropriations for FY2001: Labor, Health and Human
Services, and Education
Summary
This report tracks the legislative action by the 106th Congress on the FY2001
appropriation bill for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and
Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED). This bill will provide discretionary funds
for three federal departments and related agencies. The report summarizes L-HHS-ED
discretionary funding issues, but not authorization or entitlement issues.
On February 7, 2000, the President submitted the FY2001 budget to the Congress.
For L-HHS-ED discretionary appropriations, the request includes $106.1 billion in
“current year” funding (funds from any bill for FY2001), and $107.1 billion in “program
level” funding (funds from the FY2001 bill for any year); these terms are discussed later
in the report (p. 3). Compared to FY2000 discretionary appropriations, the FY2001
current year request represents a $20.6 billion increase (24.1%), and an increase of $9.9
billion (10.2%) at the program level, for L-HHS-ED programs. The House amended and
passed H.R. 4577 on June 14, 2000, and the Senate amended and passed its version of
H.R. 4577 (S. 2553) on June 30, 2000.
U.S. Department of Labor (DOL): Increases of $100 million or more are
requested for the Workforce Investment Act, the State Unemployment Insurance and
Employment Service Operations, and Departmental Management. Current year DOL
discretionary funding is $8.8 billion; $12.4 billion is requested.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS): Increases of $100
million or more are requested for the Child Care and Development Block Grant, Ryan
White AIDS programs, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes
of Health, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Head Start, and
the Administration on Aging. The Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund
would be reduced by $223 million. Current year DHHS discretionary funding is $40.3
billion; $45.0 billion is requested.
U.S. Department of Education (ED): Increases of $100 million or more are
requested for a School Renovation Initiative; Educational Technology; 21st Century
Community Learning Centers; Small, Safe, Successful High Schools; Title I Grants to
Local Educational Agencies; Teaching to High Standards; Class Size Reduction and
Teacher Assistance; other School Improvement programs; Special Education State Grants;
Pell Grants; and GEAR UP. Impact Aid, Goals 2000: Educate America Act, and the
Fund for the Improvement of Education would be reduced by $100 million or more.
Eisenhower Professional Development grants and the Innovative Education Strategies
(block grant) program would be eliminated. Current year ED discretionary funding is
$29.4 billion; $40.1 billion is requested.
Related Agencies: Increases of at least $100 million are requested for the Social
Security Administration Administrative Expenses and Supplemental Security Income (SSI).
Current year discretionary funding is $8.1 billion; $8.7 billion is requested.

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Key Policy Staff
CRS
Area of Expertise
Name
Division Telephone
Coordinator
Paul M. Irwin
DSP
7-7573
U.S. Department of Labor
Job training and employment services
Ann Lordeman
DSP
7-2323
Labor standards enforcement
William G. Whittaker
DSP
7-7759
Labor market information
Linda Levine
DSP
7-7756
Mine Safety and Health Administration
Edward B. Rappaport
DSP
7-7740
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Edward B. Rappaport
DSP
7-7740
Older Americans Act, employment programs
Carol O’Shaughnessy
DSP
7-7329
Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration
James R. Storey
DSP
7-7308
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation
James R. Storey
DSP
7-7308
School-to-Work Opportunities Act
Richard N. Apling
DSP
7-7352
Trade Adjustment Assistance
Celinda Franco
DSP
7-7360
Unemployment compensation
Celinda Franco
DSP
7-7360
Welfare-to-Work
Christine Devere
DSP
7-2587
Welfare-to-Work
Gene Falk
DSP
7-7344
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Abortion, legal issues
Karen J. Lewis
ALD
7-6190
Abortion, legal issues
Kenneth R. Thomas
ALD
7-5006
AIDS, Ryan White programs
Judith A. Johnson
DSP
7-7077
Cancer research
Judith A. Johnson
DSP
7-7077
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Pamela W. Smith
DSP
7-7048
Child care
Melinda Gish
DSP
7-4618
Child welfare
Karen Spar
DSP
7-7319
Child welfare
Ruby Andrew
DSP
7-2163
Family planning
Sharon Kearney
DSP
7-7367
Head Start
Melinda Gish
DSP
7-4618
Health professions education and training
Bernice
DSP
7-2260
Reyes-Akinbileje
Immigration and refugee policy
Ruth Wasem
DSP
7-7342
Immunization
Pamela W. Smith
DSP
7-7048
Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program
Melinda Gish
DSP
7-4618
Maternal and Child Health Block Grant
Sharon Kearney
DSP
7-7367
Medicaid
Elicia Herz
DSP
7-1377
Medicare
Jennifer O’Sullivan
DSP
7-7359
Needle exchange
Judith A. Johnson
DSP
7-7077
NIH, health research policy
Pamela W. Smith
DSP
7-7048
NIH, health research policy
Judith A. Johnson
DSP
7-7077
Older Americans Act
Carol O’Shaughnessy
DSP
7-7329
Social Services Block Grant
Melinda Gish
DSP
7-4618
State Children’s Health Insurance Program
Evelyne Baumrucker
DSP
7-8913
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
C. Stephen Redhead
DSP
7-2261
Tobacco settlement
C. Stephen Redhead
DSP
7-2261

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CRS
Area of Expertise
Name
Division Telephone
Welfare reform
Vee Burke
DSP
7-7304
Welfare reform
Gene Falk
DSP
7-7344
U.S. Department of Education
Adult education and literacy
Paul M. Irwin
DSP
7-7573
Bilingual education
Patricia Osorio-O’Dea
DSP
7-2393
ED-FLEX
Wayne C. Riddle
DSP
7-7382
Education block grants
Wayne C. Riddle
DSP
7-7382
Education block grants
Paul M. Irwin
DSP
7-7573
Education of the Disadvantaged, Title I
Wayne C. Riddle
DSP
7-7382
Education technology
James B. Stedman
DSP
7-7356
Education technology
Patricia Osorio-O’Dea
DSP
7-2393
Impact Aid
Richard N. Apling
DSP
7-7352
National education goals, Goals 2000
James B. Stedman
DSP
7-7356
Pell Grants
Margot A. Schenet
DSP
7-7378
Reading Excellence Act
Gail McCallion
DSP
7-7758
Rehabilitation Act
Carol O’Shaughnessy
DSP
7-7329
Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities
Edith Fairman Cooper
DSP
7-7019
School facilities
Susan Boren
DSP
7-6899
School-to-Work Opportunities Act
Richard N. Apling
DSP
7-7352
Special education, IDEA
Richard N. Apling
DSP
7-7352
Special education, IDEA
Nancy Lee Jones
ALD
7-6976
Student aid
Margot A. Schenet
DSP
7-7378
Student loans
Adam Stoll
DSP
7-4375
Teacher recruitment, preparation, and training
James B. Stedman
DSP
7-7356
TRIO, GEAR UP
James B. Stedman
DSP
7-7356
21st Century Community Learning Centers
Gail McCallion
DSP
7-7758
Related Agencies
Corporation for National and Community Service
Ann Lordeman
DSP
7-2323
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
Bernevia McCalip
G&F
7-7781
Library services
Gail McCallion
DSP
7-7758
National Labor Relations Board
Gail McCallion
DSP
7-7758
National Labor Relations Board
Jon Shimabukuro
ALD
7-7990
Railroad Retirement Board
Rachel W. Kelly
DSP
7-4271
Social Security Administration
David S. Koitz
DSP
7-7322
Social Security Administration
Geoffrey Kollmann
DSP
7-7316
Supplemental Security Income
Rachel W. Kelly
DSP
7-4271
Division abbreviations: ALD = American Law; DSP = Domestic Social Policy; G&F = Government and
Finance.

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Contents
Most Recent Developments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Summary and Key Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Program Level and Current Year Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Other FY2000 Discretionary Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Funding Changes Proposed by the President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Presidential Veto Threat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
House Legislative Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Senate Legislative Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Conference Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
302(a) and 302(b) Allocation Ceilings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Advance Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Major Funding Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
For Additional Reading, Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
CRS Issue Briefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Other CRS Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Selected World Wide Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
U.S. Department of Labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Key Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
President’s Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
House Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Senate Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
For Additional Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
CRS Issue Briefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
CRS Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Selected World Wide Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Detailed Appropriation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Key Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
President’s Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
House Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Senate Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Abortion: A Perennial L-HHS-ED Issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
For Additional Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
CRS Issue Briefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
CRS Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Selected World Wide Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Detailed Appropriation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
U.S. Department of Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Key Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

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President’s Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
House Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Senate Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Forward Funding and Advance Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
For Additional Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
CRS Issue Briefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
CRS Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Selected World Wide Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Detailed Appropriation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Related Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Key Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
President’s Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
House Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Senate Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
For Additional Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
CRS Issue Briefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
CRS Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Selected World Wide Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Detailed Appropriation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Related Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 106-246 (H.R. 4425) . . . . . . . . . 42
FY2001 Budget Resolution, H.Con.Res. 290 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Appropriations in the 106th Congress, First Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Appendix A: Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Appendix B: Scope of the L-HHS-ED Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
List of Tables
Table 1. Legislative Status of Labor, Health and Human Services,
and Education Appropriations, FY2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Table 2. Summary of L-HHS-ED Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Table 3. 302(b) Discretionary Allocations for L-HHS-ED Programs . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 4. L-HHS-ED Discretionary Funding Trends From FY1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Table 5. Department of Labor Discretionary Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Table 6. Detailed Department of Labor Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table 7. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Discretionary Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Table 8. Detailed Department of Health and Human Services Appropriations
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Table 9. Department of Education Discretionary Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Table 10. Detailed Department of Education Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Table 11. Related Agencies Discretionary Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table 12. Detailed Related Agencies Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Table B.1. Scope of the L-HHS-ED Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

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Appropriations for FY2001: Labor, Health and
Human Services, and Education
Most Recent Developments
The President submitted the FY2001 budget to the Congress on February 7,
2000, which included appropriations for the Departments of Labor, Health and
Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED). On April 13,
2000, the House and Senate reached agreement on the FY2001 Budget Resolution,
H.Con.Res. 290, setting the aggregate spending limits for FY2001 appropriations.
The House Appropriations Committee reported H.R. 4577 (H.Rept. 106-645),
providing for FY2001 L-HHS-ED Appropriations, on June 2. The House amended
and passed H.R. 4577 on June 14. The Senate Appropriations Committee reported
S. 2553 (S.Rept. 106-293) May 12. The Senate took up H.R. 4577, substituted the
text of S. 2553, and amended and passed H.R. 4577 on June 30, 2000. The
Administration has threatened to veto either the House or Senate versions of the
FY2001 L-HHS-ED funding proposals. On August 3, 2000, the House Appropriations
Committee released highlights of the L-HHS-ED conference report; however, an
actual conference report is not anticipated to be filed before September.
Status
Table 1 tracks the key legislative steps that are necessary to enact the FY2001 L-
HHS-ED Appropriations Act.
Table 1. Legislative Status of Labor, Health and Human Services,
and Education Appropriations, FY2001
Subcommittee
Conference
Markup
Senate
Report Approval
House
House
Senate
Passag
Conferenc
Public
House
Senate
Report
Passage
Report
e
e Report
House
Senate
Law
H.R. 4577
S. 2553
5/10/00 5/10/00
H.Rept.
6/14/00
S.Rept.
6/30/00
—
—
—
—
8-6
uc
106-645
217-214 a
106-293
52-43 b
29-22
28-0
Note: uc = unanimous consent.
a The House began consideration of FY2001 L-HHS-ED Appropriations with passage of the rule,
H.Res. 518 (H.Rept. 106-657), that governed House floor debate on H.R. 4577 by a vote of 218-204 (roll
call #247), June 8, 2000. Under the provisions of H.Res. 518, a similar rule, H.Res. 515 (H.Rept. 106-
653), was laid on the table. For House consideration of H.Res. 518, see Congressional Record, daily

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CRS-2
edition, June 8, 2000, p. H4044-54. For House consideration of H.R. 4577, see Congressional Record,
daily edition, June 8, p. H4055-77, H4087-4106, H4107; June 12, p. H4194-4215; June 13, p. H4229-4310;
and June 14, p. H4367-4436. Roll Call #273 (217-214), June 14, 2000, p. H4436.
b The Senate began consideration of H.R. 4577, as amended by substituting the provisions of S. 2553,
on June 22, 2000. See Congressional Record, daily edition, June 22, p. S5588-5609, S5628-48; June 23,
p. S5713-21, S5725-30; June 26, p. S5781-87; June 27, p. S5823-73; June 28, p. S5941-6003; June 29, p
S6047-61, S6062-6103; and June 30, 2000, S6186-6218. Roll Call #171 (52-43), June 30, 2000, p. S6218.
For the text of H.R. 4577, as amended by the Senate, see Congressional Record, daily edition, July 10,
2000, p. S6356-97.
DATA NOTE: Unless otherwise noted in this report, budget data for FY2000 and
FY2001 are based on an unofficial staff table of the House Appropriations Committee,
July 20, 2000. Data for FY2000 from this table reflect the Emergency Supplemental Act,
2000 (Division B of P.L. 106-246, July 13, 2000), providing supplemental appropriations
and rescissions for L-HHS-ED programs. Data for FY2001 from this table correspond
to appropriations that would be provided by H.R. 4577, as passed by the House, and
H.R. 4577, as amended with the provisions of S. 2553 and passed by the Senate. In most
cases data represent net funding for specific programs and activities and take into account
current and forward funding, advance appropriations, rescissions, and supplementals;
however, they are subject to additional budgetary scorekeeping. FY2000 amounts may
be modified by further legislation during FY2000. Except where noted, budget data refer
only to those programs within the purview of the L-HHS-ED appropriations bill, and not
to all programs within the jurisdiction of the relevant departments and agencies.
Summary and Key Issues
This report describes the President’s proposal for FY2001 appropriations for
L-HHS-ED programs as submitted to the Congress February 7, 2000. It compares the
President’s FY2001 request to the current FY2000 L-HHS-ED amounts. It tracks
legislative action and congressional issues related to the FY2001 L-HHS-ED
appropriations bill, with particular attention paid to discretionary programs. In addition,
the report summarizes activities related to the annual budget process, such as the
congressional budget resolution, continuing resolutions, and supplemental appropriations
(see Related Legislation, page 42). However, the report does not follow specific funding
issues related to mandatory L-HHS-ED programs – such as Medicare or Social Security
— nor will it follow the authorizing legislation necessary prior to funding some of the
President’s initiatives. For a glossary of budget terms, please see Appendix A:
Terminology (page 45). For a discussion of the L-HHS-ED bill jurisdiction, please see
Appendix B: Scope of the L-HHS-ED Bill (page 46).
The L-HHS-ED bill typically is one of the more controversial of the 13 regular
appropriation bills, not only because of the size of its funding total and the scope of its
programs, but also because of the continuing importance of various related issues, such as
restrictions on the use of federal funds for abortion. This bill provides most of the
discretionary funds for three federal departments and several related agencies including the
Social Security Administration (SSA). Of the 13 annual appropriation bills, the L-HHS-
ED bill is the largest single source of discretionary funds for domestic federal programs; the
Defense bill is the largest source of discretionary funds among all federal programs. For
FY2000, the L-HHS-ED bill accounted for $96.6 billion (16.3%) and the Defense bill

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CRS-3
accounted for $272.7 billion (46.1%) of the estimated $591.5 billion total for all federal
discretionary budget authority.1 This section summarizes the larger funding changes
proposed for L-HHS-ED, as well as related budget issues such as 302(b) allocations and
advance appropriations. Later sections will provide additional details for each L-HHS-ED
department.
Program Level and Current Year Appropriations
Table 2 summarizes the L-HHS-ED appropriations for FY2001, including both
discretionary and mandatory appropriations.
Table 2. Summary of L-HHS-ED Appropriations
($ in billions)
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Type of funding
enacted a
request
House
Senate
final
Discretionary appropriations
Program level (from the
$97.2
$107.1
$102.7
$104.4
—
current bill for any year)
Current year (for the current
85.5
106.1
99.5
100.5
—
year from any bill)
Advances for future years
19.0
19.8
19.8
19.0
—
(from the current bill)
Advances from prior years
8.8
18.9
19.0
19.0
—
(from previous bills)
Scorekeeping adjustments
1.5
0.1
2.4
3.9
—
Current year discretionary and mandatory funding
Discretionary
85.5
106.1
99.5
100.5
—
Mandatory
230.8
242.3
242.3
241.2
—
Total current year
316.3
348.4
341.8
341.7
—
Grand total of funding for L-HHS-ED bill, any year
Grand total any year
330.3
356.1
351.7
352.3
—
Source: Amounts are compiled from an unofficial staff table of the House Appropriations Committee,
July 20, 2000. Data are given only for programs included in the L-HHS-ED appropriation bill.
a The FY2000 amounts are based on P.L. 106-113 (reflecting the 0.38% general discretionary fund
reduction) and the FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 106-246; these amounts may be modified
by further legislation during FY2000.
1 In this comparison, FY2000 discretionary budget authority is based on the Budget of the
United States Government Fiscal Year 2001, Table S-8.

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CRS-4
Table 2 shows various aggregate measures of the FY2001 L-HHS-ED
Appropriations, including discretionary program level, current year, and advance
appropriations, as well as mandatory appropriations in the L-HHS-ED bill. Because
appropriations may consist of mixtures of budget authority enacted in various years, at least
two summary measures are used: program level appropriations and current year
appropriations. Program level appropriations reflect the total discretionary
appropriations in a given bill, regardless of the year in which they will be spent, and
therefore include advance funding for future years. Current year appropriations
represent discretionary appropriations in a given bill for the current year, plus discretionary
appropriations for the current year that were enacted in prior years. Current year
discretionary appropriations are similar to the amount counted for the 302(b) allocations
ceilings (discussed later, p. 9). An advance appropriation is funding that will become
available in a fiscal year beyond the fiscal year for which the appropriations act is enacted,
for example, funds included in the FY2000 Act that cannot be spent until FY2001 at the
earliest. Scorekeeping adjustments are made to account for special funding situations;
the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) monitors these adjustments. All of these amounts
are shown in Table 2, along with current year funding for mandatory programs and some
grand totals for the L-HHS-ED bill. How do these terms fit together? For an “operational
definition,” program level funding equals (a) current year, plus (b) advances for future
years, minus (c) advances from prior years, plus (d) scorekeeping adjustments.
Other FY2000 Discretionary Estimates. The two estimates for FY2000
discretionary appropriations that are shown in Table 2 ($97.2 billion and $85.5 billion) are
based on unofficial staff estimates of the House Appropriations Committee. Several other
estimates exist for FY2000 L-HHS-ED appropriations which differ because of
scorekeeping and other definitional distinctions. The Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) estimates the FY2000 L-HHS-ED discretionary total to be $96.6 billion.2 The
table in the FY2000 conference report, H.Rept. 106-479, gave $86.1 billion as the
FY2000 current year discretionary total for L-HHS-ED programs. The Congressional
Budget Office (CBO) keeps track of discretionary appropriations for each Appropriations
Subcommittee bill, and shows the total FY2000 discretionary budget authority (regular and
emergency) for L-HHS-ED in “CBO’s Current Status of Discretionary Appropriations.”3
As of July 28, 2000, CBO estimates these FY2000 amounts as $86.5 billion for both the
House and the Senate; however, these amounts reflect legislation that may have been
reported or passed only by the House or the Senate, and do not distinguish amounts
actually enacted.
Funding Changes Proposed by the President
With regard to the President’s FY2001 budget, the issues in the early stages of the
appropriations process generally relate to proposed funding changes. The summary below
notes changes proposed for discretionary budget authority of at least $100 million,
compared to the FY2000 appropriations. Viewing this list by itself should be done with
2 Budget of the United States Government Fiscal Year 2001, Table S-8.
3 This document is dated July, 28, 2000, and was downloaded from the CBO website on
August 7, 2000, at: [http://www.cbo.gov/].

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CRS-5
caution, since the relative impact of a $100 million funding change to a $500 million
program (a 20% increase or decrease) might be greater than a $100 million change to a
$5 billion program (a 2% increase or decrease). Later discussions for budgets of
individual departments include tables to compare the FY2001 request with the FY2000
funding for many of the major programs in the L-HHS-ED bill.
! For U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) programs, an additional $730
million is requested for job training programs authorized by the
Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA); an increase of $176 million
is proposed for State Unemployment Insurance and Employment Service
Operations (SUI/ESO); and an increase of $206 million is requested for
activities in the Departmental Management account. Overall, $12.4
billion in current year discretionary appropriations is requested, a 40.9%
increase over the FY2000 amount of $8.8 billion. For discretionary
funding at the program level (discussed below, p. 3), $12.4 billion is
requested (an 9.7% increase); $11.3 billion is provided in FY2000.
! For U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) programs,
the largest discretionary funding change (in absolute terms) is an increase
of $1.6 billion over a 2-year period proposed for the Child Care and
Development Block Grant (CCDBG). Other proposed increases include
an additional $125 million for the Ryan White AIDS programs; an
increase of $155 million for the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC); an increase of $1.1 billion for the National Institutes
of Health (NIH); a $172 million increase for the Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA); $1.0 billion more
for Head Start; and $151 million more for the Administration on Aging.
Overall, $45.0 billion in current year discretionary appropriations is
requested, an 11.7% increase over the FY2000 amount of $40.3 billion.
For discretionary funding at the program level, $45.8 billion is requested
(an 9.8% increase); $41.7 billion is provided in FY2000.
! For U.S. Department of Education (ED) programs, the largest proposed
discretionary change (in absolute terms) is $1.3 billion for the School
Renovation Initiative. Other major increases include $137 million more
for Educational Technology programs; an additional $547 million for the
21st Century Community Learning Centers program; $120 million for a
Small, Safe, and Successful High Schools Initiative; an additional $417
million for Title I Grants to Local Educational Agencies (LEAs) for the
Education of the Disadvantaged; $690 million for the Teaching to High
Standards Initiative; $450 million more for the Class Size Reduction and
Teacher Assistance program; $373 million for various other School
Improvement programs; an additional $298 million for State Grants
under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA); $716
million more for the Pell Grant program; and an additional $125 million
for Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs
(GEAR UP). A decrease of $408 million is requested for Goals 2000:
Educate America Act programs; $136 million less for Impact Aid; and

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CRS-6
a $107 million reduction for Fund for the Improvement of Education
(FIE). No funds are requested for either the $335 million Eisenhower
Professional Development program or the $366 million Innovative
Program Strategies (education block grant) program. Overall, $40.1
billion in current year discretionary appropriations is requested, a 36.4%
increase over the FY2000 amount of $29.4 billion. For discretionary
funding at the program level, $40.1 billion is requested (a 12.6%
increase); $35.6 billion is provided in FY2000.
! For the related agencies, the budget includes proposed increases of $289
million for the Social Security Administration (SSA) Limitation on
Administrative Expenses, and $238 million for discretionary activities
related to the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. Overall,
$8.7 billion in current year discretionary appropriations is requested, an
7.4% increase over the FY2000 amount of $8.1 billion in FY2000. For
discretionary funding at the program level, $8.8 billion is requested (a
7.3% increase); $8.2 billion is provided in FY2000.
! The $110 million School-to-Work Opportunities Act program, jointly
administered by DOL and ED, would be terminated.
Presidential Veto Threat. On June 14, 2000, on the same evening as the House
passed H.R. 4577, the White House issued a statement by the President stating that the
bill “fails to address critical needs of the American people.” The funding levels for
education, child care, and worker training were singled out as “unacceptable” and, if left
unchanged, would cause the President to veto the bill. Additional details on what the
President considers critical in the FY2001 L-HHS-ED bill are discussed in Statement of
Administration Policy (SAP) published by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
on June 7, 2000, with regard to H.R. 4577 as reported by the House Appropriations
Committee, and on June 22, 2000, with regard to S. 2553, as reported by the Senate
Appropriations Committee.4
House Legislative Action
The House Appropriations Committee marked up its FY2001 L-HHS-ED bill on
May 24, 2000, and reported H.R. 4577 (H.Rept. 106-645) on June 2 by a vote of 29 to
22. On June 14, 2000, the House amended and passed H.R. 4457 by a vote of 217 to
214 (roll call #273). On the House floor, 37 amendments were introduced for
consideration. Of these, three were accepted by the House, including:
! A restriction on NIH on granting exclusive, private licensing agreements
for new drugs developed with assistance from NIH research grants
(Representative Sanders);
4 A listing and full text of OMB SAPs on all current legislation can be found at:
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/index.html].

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CRS-7
! A prohibition on the promulgation of any standard for implementing a
uniform medical identifier for private individuals (Representative Paul);
and
! A restriction on federal funds from being used to prohibit military
recruiting at secondary schools (Representative Stearns).
Highlights of the House bill, as passed, include the following additional provisions;
details and funding amounts are provided in the separate agency summaries below.
! For DOL programs, total funding for WIA programs would be reduced
(compared to FY2000 funding levels), and funding for One-Stop Career
Centers would be eliminated.
! For DHHS programs, funding would be increased for Ryan White AIDS
programs, CDC, NIH, CCDBG, and Head Start. Funding would be
reduced for the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) Program
Management.
! For ED programs, funding would be increased for Education
Technology, 21st Century Community Learning Centers, Title I Grants
to LEAs, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) State
Grants, Pell Grants, and the TRIO program. Funding would be reduced
for Goals 2000: Educate America Act programs and the Eisenhower
Professional Development program. Initial funding would be provided
for the Teacher Empowerment Act, if authorized, replacing the Class
Size Reduction program. Funding would not be provided for several of
the President’s initiatives, including School Renovation; Teaching to High
Standards; and Small, Safe, Successful High Schools.
! For related agencies, funding would be increased for the SSA Limitation
on Administrative Expenses.
Senate Legislative Action
The Senate Appropriations Committee reported its version of the FY2001 L-HHS-
ED bill, S. 2553 (S.Rept. 106-293), on May 12, 2000, by a vote of 28 to 0. On June 30,
2000, the Senate completed consideration of H.R. 4457, as amended by the substitution
of the provisions of S. 2553, and amended and passed H.R. 4577 by a vote of 52 to 43
(roll call #171). On the Senate floor, 135 amendments were introduced for consideration.
Of these, 55 amendments were accepted by the Senate. Some of these amendments
modified the funding levels of existing programs. Other amendments:
! designate funds that must be used for specific activities, including:
antimicrobial resistance monitoring and prevention (Senator Cochran);
a clearinghouse on safe needle exchange technology (Senator Reid);
same gender schools (Senators Hutchinson and Collins); Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects (Senator Harkin for Senator
Daschle); loan forgiveness for child care providers (Senator Wellstone);
a certification program for suicide hotlines and crisis centers (Senator
Reid for Senator Wellstone); substance abuse services for homeless
adults (Senator Specter for Senators Collins and Reid); Web-Based

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CRS-8
Education Commission (Senator Harkin for Senator Kerrey); external
defibrillators and basic cardiac life support (Senator Specter for Senator
Collins); medication management, screening, and education (Senator
Specter for Senator Jeffords); school dropout prevention (Senator
Harkin for Senator Bingaman); physical education and fitness (Senator
Specter for Senator Stevens); early childhood learning (Senator Specter
for Senator Stevens); construction and renovation for Tribal Colleges and
Universities (Senator Harkin for Senator Bingaman); detection and
treatment of childhood lead poisoning (Senator Harkin for Senator
Torricelli); and programs to teach American history (Senator Harkin for
Senator Byrd);
! prohibit funds from being used for specific activities, including: the
regulation of ergonomic standards at DOL (Senator Enzi); and postcoital
emergency contraception (Senator Helms);
! require changes in policies or procedures concerning: a reasonable rate
of return on intramural and extramural medical research at NIH (Senator
Wyden); the protection of children, schools, and libraries connected to
the Internet (Senators McCain and Santorum); an off-budget lockbox to
strengthen Social Security and Medicare (Senator Ashcroft and Senator
Reid for Senator Conrad); a prohibition on health discrimination based
on genetics (Senator Jeffords); access to health care and consumer
protection in managed care plans and other health coverage (Senator
Nickles); the care of chimpanzees used in NIH research (Senator
Specter for Senator Smith of NH); and residents’ rights protection at
health care facilities (Senator Harkin for Senator Dodd); and
! specify studies of: federal fetal tissue practices (Senator Smith of NH);
unreimbursed health care provided to foreign nationals (Senator Harkin
for Senator Graham); targeting of funds under the Title I Grants to Local
Educational Agencies program (Senator Harkin for Senator Lieberman);
and sexual abuse in schools (Senator Specter for Senator Smith of NH).
! In addition, the Senate sustained a point of order (by Senator Gramm)
against a provision that would have shifted the payment date of October
2000 SSI benefits from October 2 to September 29, 2000.
Highlights of the Senate bill, as passed, include the following additional provisions;
details and funding amounts are provided in the separate agency summaries below.
! For DOL programs, funding for Departmental Management would be
increased (compared to FY2000 funding levels).
! For DHHS programs, funding would be increased for Community Health
Centers, CDC, NIH, and Head Start. Funds would be reduced for
Health Professions, the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality
(AHRQ), Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP),
CCDBG, and the Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund
(PHSSEF). However, program service levels (the level of services
provided regardless of funding source) would be maintained for LIHEAP
and increased for AHRQ. Funds available from unexpended balances

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CRS-9
for the State Children’s Hospital Insurance Program (SCHIP) would be
shifted to FY2003.
! For ED programs, funding would be increased for 21st Century
Ccommunity Learning Centers, Title I Grants to LEAs, Impact Aid,
Eisenhower Professional Development, Innovative Education Program
Strategies, IDEA State Grants, and Pell Grants. Funding would be
decreased for several Education for the Disadvantaged programs and the
Fund for the Improvement of Education. No funds would be provided
for the Class Size Reduction program, as currently authorized.
! For related agencies, funding would be increased for discretionary
activities under the SSI program and the SSA Limitation on
Administrative Expenses.
Conference Report
The FY2001 L-HHS-ED Conference Report has not yet been issued, and is not
anticipated to be filed before September. However, the House Appropriations Committee
issued a news release on August 3, 2000, entitled, “Highlights of the Labor, Health and
Human Services, Education Conference Report.” This summary and accompanying table
show that most major discretionary programs would be funded at the greater of the
House- or Senate-passed levels, with several exceptions funded at either lower or higher
levels. The total L-HHS-ED discretionary amount would equal approximately the total
requested by the President for FY2001.
302(a) and 302(b) Allocation Ceilings
The ceiling for L-HHS-ED discretionary spending is set through the annual budget
allocation process. The congressional budget resolution for FY2001, H.Con.Res. 290
(see Related Legislation, page 42), sets the aggregate discretionary spending limit for the
13 annual appropriations bills; this limit is known as the 302(a) allocation. From this
amount the House and Senate appropriations committees allocate funds among their
subcommittees for each of the 13 appropriations bills, known as the 302(b) allocations.
The 302(b) allocations can and do get adjusted during the year as the various
appropriations bills progress toward final enactment. Current 302(b) allocations for the
FY2001 L-HHS-ED appropriations bill from the House and Senate Appropriations
Committees will be shown in Table 3 as they become available. Comparable amounts for
FY2000 and the President’s FY2001 budget are also shown. Subject to scorekeeping
considerations, 302(b) allocations are similar to current year discretionary appropriations.
Both the 302(a) and the 302(b) allocations regularly have become contested issues in their
own right.

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CRS-10
Table 3. 302(b) Discretionary Allocations for L-HHS-ED Programs
(budget authority in billions of dollars)
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
enacted
request
House
Senate
conference
comparable
comparable
allocation
allocation
comparable
$85.5
$106.1
$99.5
$100.0
—
Source: The House FY2001 amount is available from the House Appropriations Committee website:
[http://www.house.gov/appropiations/01302b1.htm], dated July 19, 2000. The comparable Senate
FY2001 amount is available at: [http://www.senate.gov/~appropriations/releases/press.htm], dated
May 4, 2000. The FY2000 comparable and the FY2001 request are based on the unofficial staff table
of the House Appropriations Committee of July 20, 2000.
Note: Under current scorekeeping provisions, advance appropriations that were enacted as part of
the FY2000 appropriation are counted in the FY2001 totals, and any advance appropriations that might
be enacted as part of the FY2001 appropriation would be counted in the FY2002 totals.
Advance Appropriations
Concern over the use of advance appropriations increased last year, and may
become an issue this year as well. Advance appropriations occur when funding is enacted
in one fiscal year that cannot be used until the following fiscal year at the earliest. For
example, P.L. 106-113, which included FY2000 L-HHS-ED appropriations, provided
the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) $350 million for use in FY2002. Advance
appropriations can be used for several objectives. These include the provision of long-
term budget information to agencies and other recipients, such as state and local
educational systems, to enable better planning for future program activities and personnel
levels. The more contentious aspect of advance appropriations, however, is that they
avoid the 302(a) and 302(b) allocation ceilings for the current year. Such funding must be
counted in the year in which it is spent, thereby using up ahead of time part of what will be
counted against the allocation ceiling in future years. The L-HHS-ED bill increasingly has
used advance appropriations in recent years. As part of the FY1998 L-HHS-ED
appropriations, $4.0 billion in discretionary appropriations was enacted for future years;
in FY1999, the advance appropriation was $8.9 billion; and in FY2000, the advance
appropriation was $19.0 billion. For the FY2001 L-HHS-ED bill, the President’s request
is for $19.8 billion for FY2002 and beyond.5
Major Funding Trends
The L-HHS-ED appropriations consist of mandatory and discretionary funds;
however, the Appropriations Committees fully control only the discretionary funds.
Mandatory funding levels for programs included in the annual appropriations bills are
modified through changes in the authorizing legislation; these changes typically are
accomplished through the authorizing committees and combined into large, omnibus
5 For the impact of advance appropriations on program administration, see the discussion in
the U.S. Department of Education section (p. 30).

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CRS-11
reconciliation bills. Table 4 shows the trend in total discretionary budget authority under
the L-HHS-ED appropriations for FY1996 through FY2000. The L-HHS-ED funds have
increased by 43.8% for this 5-year period. The 5-year increase is reduced to an estimated
35.7% after adjustment for inflation by use of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) deflator.
When compared to all federal discretionary budget authority, the L-HHS-ED portion
increased from 13.4% in FY1996 to 16.8% in FY2000. When compared to all federal
budget authority, both discretionary and nondiscretionary (mandatory), the L-HHS-ED
portion increased during this period from 4.3% in FY1996 to 5.4% in FY2000.
Table 4. L-HHS-ED Discretionary Funding Trends From FY1996
(budget authority in billions of dollars)
Type of funds
FY1996
FY1997
FY1998
FY1999
FY2000
L-HHS-ED discretionary
$67.2
$74.7
$81.1
$89.5
$96.6
L-HHS-ED discretionary in
$71.2
$77.8
$83.4
$90.8
$96.6
estimated FY2000 dollars
L-HHS-ED % of all federal
13.4%
14.6%
15.2%
15.3%
16.8%
discretionary funds a
L-HHS-ED % of total federal
4.3%
4.5%
4.8%
5.0%
5.4%
budget authority
Total federal discretionary
$502.6
$512.9
$534.2
$583.1
$574.7
Total federal budget authority
$1,580.8
$1,642.9
$1,692.2
$1,776.5
$1,801.1
GDP deflator
1.0000
1.0170
1.0300
1.0434
1.0590
Source: Budget of the United States Government Historical Tables Fiscal Year 2001, Tables 5.2, 5.4,
and 10.1 (for federal totals and GDP deflator); and Budget of the United States Government, various
years (for L-HHS-ED discretionary budget authority).
a Discretionary funds include both defense and non-defense activities.
For Additional Reading, Background6
CRS Issue Briefs.
CRS Issue Brief IB10052, Budget for Fiscal Year 2001, by Philip D. Winters.
Other CRS Products.
CRS Report RS20441, Advance Appropriations, Forward Funding, and Advance
Funding, by Sandy Streeter.
CRS Report RL30203, Appropriations for FY2000: Labor, Health and Human
Services, and Education, by Paul M. Irwin.
6 Products related to individual programs are listed with the details for each L-HHS-ED
department.

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CRS-12
CRS Report RL30500, Appropriations for FY2001: An Overview, by Mary Francis
Bley.
CRS Info Pack 538B, Budget for Fiscal Year 2001.
CRS Report RL30499, Budget FY2001: A Chronology with Internet Access, by Pearl
Thomas.
CRS Info Pack 12B, Budget Process.
CRS Report 97-684, The Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction,
by Sandy Streeter.
CRS Report RS20095, The Congressional Budget Process: A Brief Overview, by
James V. Saturno.
CRS Report RL30343, Continuing Appropriations Acts: Brief Overview of Recent
Practices, by Sandy Streeter.
CRS Report RS20403, FY2000 Consolidated Appropriations Act: Reference Guide,
by Robert Keith.
CRS Report RL30457, Supplemental Appropriations for FY2000: Plan Columbia,
Kosovo, Foreign Debt Relief, Home Energy Assistance, and Other Initiatives,
by Larry Nowels, et al.
Selected World Wide Web Sites.
General information regarding the budget and appropriations may be found at the
following web sites. Web sites specific to departments and agencies funded by the L-
HHS-ED appropriations are listed in the appropriate sections of this report.
House Committee on Appropriations
[http://www.house.gov/appropriations]
[http://www.house.gov/appropriations/fact.htm]
[http://www.house.gov/appropriations/news.htm]
[http://www.house.gov/budget/]
Senate Committee on Appropriations
[http://www.senate.gov/~appropriations/]
[http://www.senate.gov/~appropriations/releases/index.htm]
[http://www.senate.gov/~budget/]
Congressional Research Service (CRS) Appropriations and Budget Products
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/apppage.html]
Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
[http://www.cbo.gov]
General Accounting Office (GAO)
[http://www.gao.gov]
Office of Management & Budget (OMB)
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB]
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/usbudget/index.html]
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/index.html]

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CRS-13
U.S. Department of Labor
Discretionary appropriations for the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) are shown in
Table 5. Because appropriations may consist of mixtures of budget authority enacted in
various years, two summary measures are used. Program level reflects the
appropriations in the current bill, regardless of the year in which they will be spent.
Current year represents appropriations for the current year; the source may be either the
current bill or a prior enactment, and the amount is similar to what is counted for the
302(b) allocations ceilings. A discussion of advance appropriations as they relate to
302(b) allocations may be found in the U.S. Department of Education section (see page
30).
Table 5. Department of Labor Discretionary Appropriations
($ in billions) a
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Type of funding
enacted b
request
House
Senate
final
Program level (from the
$11.3
$12.4
$10.7
$11.5
—
current bill for any year)
Current year (for the
8.8
12.4
10.7
11.5
—
current year from any bill)
Advances for future years
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
—
(from the current bill)
Advances from prior years
0.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
—
(from previous bills)
Source: Amounts are compiled from an unofficial staff table of the House Appropriations Committee,
July 20, 2000.
a The amounts shown represent only discretionary programs funded by the L-HHS-ED appropriation
bill; appropriations for mandatory programs are excluded.
b The FY2000 amounts are based on P.L. 106-113 (reflecting the 0.38% general discretionary fund
reduction) and on the FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 106-246; these amounts may be
modified by further legislation during FY2000.
Mandatory DOL programs included in the L-HHS-ED bill are funded at $1.9 billion
in FY2000, and consist of the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund ($1.0 billion), Federal
Unemployment Benefits and Allowances programs ($0.4 billion), Advances to the
Unemployment Insurance and Other Trust Funds ($0.4 billion), and Employment
Standards Administration Special Benefits programs ($0.1 billion).
Key Issues
President’s Request. The President’s FY2001 budget request for DOL is intended
to support three broad strategic goals: (a) a prepared workforce, (b) a secure workforce,
and (c) quality workplaces. According to the Administration, a prepared workforce
increases employment opportunities by providing the education and training for each

---

CRS-14
worker to compete in a global economy. The goal of a secure workforce means
promoting the economic security of all workers and their families, including pension
coverage, retirement benefits, and health benefits. A quality workplace means a safe and
healthful workplace, with equal opportunity for every worker, as well as protection for
children in the workplace both here and abroad.
Discretionary increases of at least $100 million requested for DOL programs under
the President’s FY2001 budget include the following:
! An additional $730 million is requested for programs authorized by the
Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA), which is currently funded at
$5.4 billion. For specific WIA programs, $182 million more is requested
for Dislocated Worker Assistance, funded at $1.6 billion in FY2000;
$125 million more for Youth Opportunity Grants, funded at $250 million
in FY2000; and $400 million more for four new federally administered
WIA programs, including $255 million for a Fathers Work/Families Win
Initiative.
! An increase of $176 million is proposed for the $3.2 billion State
Unemployment Insurance and Employment Service Operations
(SUI/ESO), including State Operations for Unemployment
Compensation ($93 million), other Employment Service activities ($39
million), and One-Stop Career Centers ($44 million).
! An additional $206 million is requested for Departmental Management,
which is funded at $498 million in FY2000; the increases include $97
million for International Labor Affairs and $100 million for other
management activities, including $54 million for a department-wide
Information Technology Investment Fund.
Like its ED counterpart, the $55 million DOL portion of the School-to-Work
Opportunities Act program would be terminated in FY2001, as specified in the sunset
provision of its authorization.
House Bill. As passed, the House bill does not accept all the funding changes
proposed in the President’s FY2001 budget.
! WIA programs would receive $5.0 billion, $1.1 billion less than
requested and $362 million less than is currently provided for FY2000.
For specific WIA programs, Dislocated Worker Assistance would
receive $1.4 billion, $389 million less than requested and $207 million
less than in FY2000. Youth Opportunity Grants would be funded at
$175 million, $200 million less than requested and $75 million less than
in FY2000. Other Federally Administered Programs under WIA would
be funded at $196 million, $396 million less than requested and $30
million less than in FY2000.
! No FY2001 funding would be provided for One-Stop Career Centers,
a program funded at $110 million in FY2000; $154 million was
requested for FY2001.

---

CRS-15
! Departmental Management would receive $498 million, the same as in
FY2000 but $206 million below the request. International Labor Affairs
would receive $70 million, the same as in FY2000 but $97 million less
than requested. Other management activities would be funded at $227
million, $100 million less than requested but the same as the FY2000
funding level.
Senate Bill. As passed, the Senate bill differs from the House bill with regard to
several programs.
! WIA programs would receive $5.5 billion, $439 million more than the
House amount and $77 million more than in FY2000. The bill would
provide $1.6 billion for WIA Dislocated Workers, $207 million more
than the House bill would provide but the same as in FY2000. Youth
Opportunity Grants would receive $250 million, $75 million more than
the House but the same at the FY2000 amount. Other Federally
Administered Programs under WIA would be funded at $296 million,
$100 million more than the House amount and $71 million more than the
FY2000 amount.
! One-Stop Career Centers would be funded at $110 million, the same as
in FY2000; no funds would be provided under the House bill.
! Departmental Management would receive $599 million, $101 million
more than the House amount and the FY2000 amount.
For Additional Reading
CRS Issue Briefs.
CRS Issue Brief IB10048, The Davis-Bacon Act: Action During the 106th Congress,
by William G. Whittaker.
CRS Issue Brief IB10042, OSHA Reform: “Partnership” with Employers, by Edward
B. Rappaport.
CRS Issue Brief IB98023, Trade Adjustment Assistance for Workers: Proposals for
Renewal and Reform, by James R. Storey.
CRS Reports.
CRS Report 97-724, Ergonomics in the Workplace: Is it Time for an OSHA
Standard? by Edward B. Rappaport.
CRS Report 97-536, Job Training Under the Workforce Investment Act: An
Overview, by Ann Lordeman.
CRS Report 95-917, Older Americans Act: Programs and Funding, by Carol
O’Shaughnessy and Paul J. Graney.
CRS Report 97-541, School-to-Work Opportunities Act, by Richard N. Apling.
CRS Report 95-742, Unemployment Benefits: Legislative Issues in the 106th
Congress, by Celinda M. Franco.
CRS Report RS20134, Welfare Reform: Welfare-to-Work Legislation in the 106th
Congress, by Christine Devere.

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CRS-16
CRS Report RS20244, The Workforce Investment Act: Training Programs Under
Title I at a Glance, by Ann Lordeman.
Selected World Wide Web Sites.
U.S. Department of Labor
[http://www.dol.gov]
[http://www.dol.gov/dol/_sec/public/budget/main.htm]
[http://www.dol.gov/dol/_sec/public/budget/budget01.htm]
[http://www.dol.gov/dol/_sec/public/budget/000322ah.htm]
Detailed Appropriation Table
Table 6 shows the appropriation details for offices and major programs of DOL.

---

CRS-17
Table 6. Detailed Department of Labor Appropriations
($ in millions)
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Office or major program
enacted a
request
House
Senate
final
Employment and Training Administration (ETA)
Training and Employment
Services, Workforce
950
950
857
950
—
Investment Act (WIA) Adult
Training Grants to States
WIA Youth Training
1,001
1,022
1,001
1,001
—
WIA Dislocated Worker
1,589
1,771
1,382
1,589
—
Assistance
WIA Job Corps
1,358
1,393
1,400
1,364
—
WIA Youth Opportunity
250
375
175
250
—
Grants (YOG)
WIA Other Federally
226
592
196
296
—
Administered Programs
WIA subtotal
5,373
6,103
5,011
5,450
—
School-to-Work
55
0
0
0
—
Opportunities
Training and Employment
8
4
5
4
—
Services (TES), Other
Community Service
Employment for Older
440
440
440
440
—
Americans
Federal Unemployment
Benefits and Allowances,
Trade Adjustment and
415
407
407
407
—
NAFTA Activities
(mandatory)
State Unemployment
Insurance and Employment
Service Operations
2,266
2,359
2,266
2,284
—
(SUI/ESO) Unemployment
Compensation
SUI/ESO Employment Service
817
856
811
836
—
SUI/ESO One-Stop Career
110
154
0
110
—
Centers
SUI/ESO Work Incentives
20
20
20
20
—
Grants
SUI/ESO subtotal
3,213
3,389
3,097
3,250
—
Advances to Unemployment
Trust Fund and Other Funds
356
435
435
435
—
(mandatory)
ETA Program Administration
146
159
146
156
—
ETA subtotal
10,007
10,937
9,541
10,142
—

---

CRS-18
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Office or major program
enacted a
request
House
Senate
final
Pension and Welfare Benefits
99
108
99
103
—
Administration
Pension Benefit Guaranty
Corporation (PBGC)
11
12
11
12
—
Administration
PBGC service level (non-add)
165
177
165
173
—
Employment Standards Administration (ESA)
ESA Salaries and Expenses
339
363
339
353
—
ESA Special Benefits
79
56
56
56
—
(mandatory)
ESA Black Lung Disability
1,014
1,028
1,028
1,028
—
Trust Fund (mandatory)
ESA subtotal
1,432
1,447
1,423
1,437
—
Occupational Safety and
Health Administration
382
426
382
426
—
(OSHA)
Mine Safety and Health
228
242
233
245
—
Administration (MSHA)
Bureau of Labor Statistics
434
454
440
447
—
Departmental Management,
70
167
70
115
—
International Labor Affairs
Departmental Management,
Veterans Employment and
201
210
201
207
—
Training
Departmental Management,
227
327
227
277
—
Other
Departmental Management
498
704
498
599
—
subtotal
TOTALS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Total Appropriations b
13,091
14,329
12,627
13,409
—
Current Year: FY2001
10,628
11,866
10,164
10,946
—
FY2002
2,463
2,463
2,463
2,463
—
Source: Amounts are compiled from an unofficial staff table of the House Appropriations Committee,
July 20, 2000.
a The FY2000 amounts are based on P.L. 106-113 (reflecting the 0.38% general discretionary fund
reduction) and on the FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 106-246; these amounts may be
modified by further legislation during FY2000.
b Appropriations totals include discretionary and mandatory funds, and may be subject to additional
scorekeeping and other adjustments.

---

CRS-19
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Discretionary appropriations for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
(DHHS) are shown in Table 7. Because appropriations may consist of mixtures of budget
authority enacted in various years, two summary measures are used. Program level
reflects the appropriations in the current bill, regardless of the year in which they will be
spent. Current year represents appropriations for the current year; the source may be
either the current bill or a prior enactment, and the amount is similar to what is counted for
the 302(b) allocations ceilings. A discussion of advance appropriations as they relate to
302(b) allocations may be found in the U.S. Department of Education section (see page
30).
Table 7. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Discretionary Appropriations
($ in billions) a
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Type of funding
enacted b
request
House
Senate
final
Program level (from the
$41.7
$45.8
$46.4
$43.0
—
current bill for any year)
Current year (for the
40.3
45.0
45.0
45.3
—
current year from any bill)
Advances for future years
3.7
4.5
4.5
1.4
—
(from the current bill)
Advances from prior years
2.3
3.7
3.7
3.7
—
(from previous bills)
Source: Amounts are compiled from an unofficial staff table of the House Appropriations Committee,
July 20, 2000.
a The amounts shown represent discretionary programs funded by the L-HHS-ED appropriation bill;
appropriations for mandatory programs are excluded.
b The FY2000 amounts are based on P.L. 106-113 (reflecting the 0.38% general discretionary fund
reduction) and the FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 106-246; these amounts may be modified
by further legislation during FY2000.
Mandatory DHHS programs included in the L-HHS-ED bill are funded at $196.8
billion in FY2000, and consist primarily of Grants to States for Medicaid ($118.0 billion),
Payments to Medicare Trust Funds ($69.3 billion), Foster Care and Adoption ($5.9
billion), and Social Services Block Grant ($1.8 billion).
Key Issues
President’s Request. The President’s FY2001 budget request for DHHS focuses
on a number of programs related to the funding and delivery of health care and social
services. The DHHS budget emphasizes expanded health care coverage primarily through
changes in Medicare, Medicaid, and State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP);

---

CRS-20
increased support for children and families; continued investments in biomedical science;
and increased assistance for a healthier America.
Discretionary increases of at least $100 million requested for DHHS programs under
the President’s FY2001 budget include the following:
! The largest discretionary increase requested (in terms of absolute dollars)
is an additional $1.6 billion proposed for the Child Care and
Development Block Grant (CCDBG). This program is currently
advance funded at $1.2 billion for FY2001; half of the increase would
bring FY2001 funding up to $2.0 billion, and the remainder would be
used to bring advance appropriations up to the $2.0 billion level in
FY2002 as well.
! An additional $125 million is proposed for the $1.6 billion Ryan White
AIDS programs to expand medical and support services for individuals
and families with HIV.
! An increase of $155 million is requested for the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC); $3.0 billion is provided in FY2000 for
the prevention and control of diseases, injuries, and disabilities.
! An increase of $1.1 billion is requested for the $17.7 billion National
Institutes of Health (NIH) to support activities that maintain and improve
health through medical science.
! An additional $172 million is proposed for the $2.7 billion Substance
Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).
! An increase of $1.0 billion is requested for the $5.3 billion Head Start
program, an early childhood development program for children and their
families to assist low-income children start school ready to learn.
! $151 million more is proposed for the Administration on Aging, which is
funded at $933 million in FY2000; the increase would be used to
respond to the needs of the expanding older population.
! FY2001 supplemental grant funds to states under the Temporary
Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program would be limited to the
FY1998 level, providing a $240 million offset to discretionary L-HHS-
ED appropriations.
The FY2001 budget proposes no new funding for the Agency for Healthcare
Research and Quality (AHRQ), which is currently funded at $110 million. However, on
a service level basis (the level of services provided regardless of funding source), funding
would actually be increased from $199 million in FY2000 to $250 million under the
request, using funds set aside for AHRQ from other programs. The AHRQ budget would
place a priority on reducing medical errors, improving health information systems, and
improving health services for on-the-job injuries.
The Emergency Supplemental Act, 2000 (P.L. 106-246), added $600 million to the
Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) Emergency Allocation, for an
FY2000 total of $900 million (see Related Legislation, p. 42). The FY2001 request is

---

CRS-21
for $300 million, the same as the original FY2000 amount before the supplemental
appropriation.
House Bill. As passed, the House bill does not accept all the funding changes
proposed in the President’s FY2001 budget.
! Health Professions would receive $411 million, $113 million more than
requested and $69 million more than was provided in FY2000.
! CDC programs would be funded at $3.3 billion, $156 million more than
requested and $311 million more than the FY2000 amount.
! The AHRQ would be provided $124 million, $14 million above the
current level; this activity would not be funded under the budget request.
However, at the service level (the level of services provided regardless
of funding source), funding for AHRQ activities would be increased by
$51 million under the request and by $25 million under the House bill by
using funds set aside for AHRQ activities from other programs.
! Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) Program Management
would receive $1.9 billion, $220 million less than the requested amount
and $130 million less than in FY2000.
! The CCDBG would be funded at $2.4 billion, $417 million less than
requested but $1.2 billion more than in FY2000.
! The House bill would fund the Head Start program at $5.7 billion, $600
million less than requested but $400 million more than in FY2000.
! The Administration on Aging would be provided $926 million, $158
million less than requested and $7 million less than in FY2000.
! Technically, NIH would receive $20.5 billion, $1.7 billion more than the
President’s budget request. However, a provision of the House bill
(§213) would prohibit the obligation of any funds greater than the amount
requested by the President ($18.8 billion), an increase of $1.1 billion
compared to the FY2000 appropriation of $17.7 billion.
Senate Bill. As passed, the Senate bill differs from the House bill with regard to
several programs.
! Health Professions would receive $231 million, $180 less than the House
amount and $111 million less than in FY2000.
! The NIH would be funded at $20.5 billion, $1.7 billion more than the
House amount and $2.8 billion more than in FY2000.
! The Senate bill would provide no direct funding for the AHRQ,
compared to $124 million in the House bill; $110 million was provided
for FY2000. However, at the service level (the level of services
provided regardless of funding source), the Senate bill would provide
$46 million more than the House bill and $71 million more than in
FY2000, by using funds set aside for AHRQ activities from other
programs.

---

CRS-22
! HCFA Program Management would be funded at $2.0 billion, $153
million more than the House amount and $23 million more than in
FY2000.
! The LIHEAP advance appropriation for FY2002 would be zeroed out
in the Senate bill; the House bill would provide $1.1 billion, the same as
the FY2000 advance appropriation. The FY2001 program level funding
of $1.1 billion, enacted as part of FY2000 L-HHS-ED Appropriations,
would not be affected by the Senate bill.
! The CCDBG would be funded at $817 million, $1.6 billion below the
House level and $366 million less than the FY2000 amount.
! Head Start would receive $6.3 billion, $600 million more than the House
amount and $1.0 billion more than in FY2000.
! The Social Services Block Grant (SSBG), an entitlement program, would
be funded at $600 million, $1.1 billion less than the House amount and
$1.2 billion less than in FY2000.
! The Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund (PHSSEF)
would receive $265 million, $236 million less than the House amount and
$299 million less than is currently provided. The PHSSEF provides
extra funding for a variety of activities such as anti-bioterrorism and
AIDS prevention and treatment in minority communities.
! A provision of the Senate bill (§217) would shift $1.9 billion of funds
currently available from unexpended balances for SCHIP and make it
available in FY2003.
Abortion: A Perennial L-HHS-ED Issue. Since FY1977, the annual L-HHS-ED
appropriations acts have contained restrictions that limit the circumstances under which
federal funds can be used to pay for abortions to cases where the life of the mother is
endangered. Popularly referred to as the Hyde Amendment, these provisions generally
apply to all L-HHS-ED funds; Medicaid is the largest program affected. The 103rd
Congress modified the provisions to permit federal funding of abortions in cases of rape
or incest. The FY1998 L-HHS-ED Appropriations Act, P.L. 105-78, extended the Hyde
provisions to prohibit the use of federal funds to buy managed care packages that include
abortion coverage, except in the cases of rape, incest, or life endangerment. For FY1999,
the FY1998 Hyde Amendment provisions were continued, along with a clarification to
ensure that the Hyde Amendment applies to all trust fund programs (namely, Medicare)
funded by the FY1999 L-HHS-ED Appropriations Act, P.L. 105-277, as well as an
assurance that Medicare + Choice plans cannot require the provision of abortion services.
The FY2000 L-HHS-ED Appropriations Act retained the FY1999 language without
amendment, but the issue may be revisited for FY2001.7
7 For additional information, see CRS Issue Brief IB95095, Abortion: Legislative
Response, by Karen J. Lewis and Thomas P. Carr.

---

CRS-23
For Additional Reading
CRS Electronic Briefing Book.
Tobacco Briefing Book
[http://www.congress.gov/brbk/html/ebtobtop.html]
CRS Issue Briefs.
CRS Issue Brief IB95095, Abortion: Legislative Response, by Karen J. Lewis, et al.
CRS Issue Brief IB10044, Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 106th Congress,
by Andorra Bruno, Coordinator.
CRS Issue Brief IB98017, Patient Protection and Managed Care: Legislation in the
106th Congress, by Jean P. Hearne.
CRS Issue Brief IB10051, Research and Development Funding: Fiscal Year 2001, by
Michael E. Davey, Coordinator.
CRS Issue Brief IB98037, Tax Benefits for Health Insurance: Current Legislation,
by Bob Lyke.
CRS Issue Brief IB93034, Welfare Reform: An Issue Overview, by Vee Burke.
CRS Reports.
CRS Report 95-1101, Abortion Procedures, by Irene E. Stith-Coleman.
CRS Report 96-293, AIDS Funding for Federal Government Programs: FY1981-
FY2001, by Judith A. Johnson.
CRS Report 98-476, AIDS: Ryan White CARE Act, by Judith A. Johnson and Paulette
L. Como.
CRS Report 96-253, Cancer Research: Selected Federal Spending and Morbidity
and Mortality Statistics, by Judith A. Johnson.
CRS Report RL30021, Child Care Issues in the 106th Congress, by Melinda Gish and
Karen Spar.
CRS Report 97-335, Cloning: Where Do We Go From Here?, by Irene E. Stith-
Coleman.
CRS Report RS20124, Community Services Block Grants: Background and
Funding, by Karen Spar.
CRS Report RS20385, Connecting Fathers to Their Children: Fatherhood
Legislation in the 106th Congress, by Carmen Solomon-Fears.
CRS Report RS20194, Developmental Disabilities Act: 106th Congress Legislation,
by Paul J. Graney.
CRS Report RS20470, The Earned Income Tax Credit: Current Issues and Benefit
Amounts, by Melinda T. Gish.
CRS Report 97-757, Federal Health Centers Program, by Sharon Kearney.
CRS Report RL30006, Genetic Information: Legal Issues Relating to Discrimination
and Privacy, by Nancy Lee Jones.
CRS Report RS20537, Head Start: Background and Funding, by Alice Butler and
Melinda Gish.

---

CRS-24
CRS Report RL30254, Long-Term Care: The President’s FY2001 Budget Proposals
and Related Legislation, by Carol O’Shaughnessy, et al.
CRS Report 94-211, The Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP),
by Melinda Gish.
CRS Report 97-350, Maternal and Child Health Block Grant, by Sharon Kearney.
CRS Report RL30483, Medical Research Funding: Summary of a CRS Seminar on
Challenges and Opportunities of Proposed Large Increases for the National
Institutes of Health, by John K. Iglehart, Contractor, and Pamela W. Smith,
Coordinator.
CRS Report RL30109, Medicare and Medicaid Organ Transplants, by Sibyl Tilson.
CRS Report 95-917, Older Americans Act: Programs and Funding, by Carol
O’Shaughnessy and Paul J. Graney.
CRS Report 94-953, Social Services Block Grants (Title XX of the Social Security
Act), by Melinda Gish.
CRS Report RS20628, State Children’s Hospital Insurance Program (SCHIP):
FY2000 and FY2001 Appropriations, by Evelyne P. Baumrucker.
CRS Report RS20523, Stem Cell Research, by Judith A. Johnson and Brian A. Jackson.
CRS Report RS20623, The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration (SAMHSA): An Overview, by C. Stephen Redhead.
CRS Report 97-1048, The Title X Family Planning Program, by Sharon Kearney.
CRS Report RS20195, Violence Against Women Act: Reauthorization, Federal
Funding and Recent Developments, by Leslie W. Gladstone.
CRS Report RL30471, Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund: An Overview, by David
L. Teasley.
CRS Report RS20619, Welfare Reform: Summary of Financing and Recent Spending
Trends in the TANF Program, by Gene Falk and Jacqueline Cooke.
Selected World Wide Web Sites.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
[http://www.hhs.gov]
[http://www.hhs.gov/progorg/asmb/budget/index.html]
[http://www.hhs.gov/asmb/budget/fy2001.html]
[http://www.hhs.gov/news/speeches/20000207.html]
[http://www.hhs.gov/asmb/budget/testimony.html]
Detailed Appropriation Table
Table 8 shows the appropriation details for offices and major programs of DHHS.

---

CRS-25
Table 8. Detailed Department of Health and Human Services Appropriations
($ in millions)
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Office or major program
enacted a
request
House
Senate
final
Public Health Service (PHS)
Health Resources and Services
Administration (HRSA),
1,019
1,069
1,100
1,119
—
Community Health Centers
HRSA National Health Service
117
117
121
117
—
Corps
HRSA Health Professions
342
298
411
231
—
HRSA Maternal and Child Health
709
709
709
709
—
Block Grant
HRSA Ryan White AIDS
1,595
1,720
1,725
1,650
—
Programs
HRSA Family Planning (Title X)
239
274
239
254
—
HRSA Vaccine Injury
62
114
114
114
—
Compensation (mandatory)
HRSA, other
575
501
416
604
—
HRSA subtotal
4,658
4,802
4,835
4,798
—
Centers for Disease Control and
2,979
3,134
3,290
3,252
—
Prevention (CDC)
National Institutes of Health
(NIH) b
17,749
18,813
18,813
20,513
—
Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration
356
416
416
366
—
(SAMHSA) Mental Health Block
Grant
SAMHSA Substance Abuse
1,600
1,631
1,631
1,631
—
Block Grant
SAMHSA, Other
695
776
681
734
—
SAMHSA subtotal
2,651
2,283
2,728
2,731
Agency for Healthcare Research
110
0
124
0
—
and Quality (AHRQ)
AHRQ service level (non-add)
199
247
224
270
—
PHS subtotal
28,147
29,572
29,790
31,294
—
Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA)
Medicaid Grants to States
117,972
129,794
129,794
129,794
—
(mandatory)
Payments to Medicare Trust
69,289
70,382
70,382
70,382
—
Funds (mandatory)
HCFA Program Management
1,996
2,086
1,866
2,019
—
HCFA subtotal
189,258
202,262
202,042
202,195
—
Administration for Children and Families (ACF)
Family Support Payments to
States (Welfare, Child Support)
3,225
3,889
3,889
3,889
—
(mandatory)

---

CRS-26
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Office or major program
enacted a
request
House
Senate
final
Low Income Home Energy
1,100
1,100
1,100
0
—
Assistance Program (LIHEAP)
LIHEAP Emergency Allocation c
900
300
300
300
—
Refugee and Entrant Assistance
426
433
433
426
—
Child Care and Development
1,183
2,817
2,400
817
—
Block Grant (CCDBG)
Social Services Block Grant (Title
1,775
1,700
1,700
600
—
XX) (mandatory)
Children and Family Services
5,267
6,267
5,667
6,267
—
Programs (CFSP), Head Start
CFSP Child Welfare Services
292
292
292
292
—
CFSP Developmental Disabilities
122
122
122
127
—
CFSP Community Services Block
528
510
528
550
—
Grant
CFSP Violent Crime Reduction
118
134
118
134
—
CFSP, other
501
481
504
526
—
Rescission of mandatory
-21
0
-21
-21
—
appropriations
Promoting Safe and Stable
295
305
305
305
—
Families (mandatory)
Foster Care and Adoption
Assistance State Payments
5,915
6,604
6,599
6,604
—
(mandatory)
ACF subtotal
21,626
24,954
23,936
20,816
—
Administration on Aging
933
1,084
926
955
—
Office of the Secretary, Public
564
491
501
265
—
Health/Social Services Fund
Retirement Pay and Medical
Benefits, Commissioned Officers
215
220
220
220
—
(mandatory)
Office of the Secretary, Other
289
284
282
287
—
TOTALS, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Total Appropriations d
241,031
258,865
259,397
256,030
—
Current Year: FY2001
204,552
215,421
214,223
215,686
—
FY2002
36,480
43,443
43,473
40,343
—
Source: Amounts are compiled from an unofficial staff table of the House Appropriations Committee,
July 20, 2000.
a The FY2000 amounts are based on P.L. 106-113 (reflecting the 0.38% general discretionary fund
reduction) and the FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 106-246; these amounts may be modified
by further legislation during FY2000.
b The House bill appropriates $20.5 billion for NIH, but restricts obligations to the budget request
amount of $18.8 billion (§213); the latter amount is used for subtotals and totals in this table.
c The original FY2000 LIHEAP Emergency Allocation was $300 million. The Emergency Supplemental
Act, 2000 (P.L. 106-245) increased this appropriation to $900 million.
d Appropriation totals include discretionary and mandatory funds, and may be subject to additional
scorekeeping and other adjustments.

---

CRS-27
U.S. Department of Education
Discretionary appropriations for the U.S. Department of Education (ED) are shown
in Table 9. Because appropriations may consist of mixtures of budget authority enacted
in various years, two summary measures are used. Program level reflects the
appropriations in the current bill, regardless of the year in which they will be spent.
Current year represents appropriations for the current year; the source may be either the
current bill or a prior enactment, and the amount is similar to what is counted for the
302(b) allocations ceilings. A discussion of advance appropriations as they relate to
302(b) allocations may be found below (see page 30).
Table 9. Department of Education Discretionary Appropriations
($ in billions) a
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Type of funding
enacted b
request
House
Senate
final
Program level (from the
$35.6
$40.1
$37.1
$40.3
—
current bill for any year)
Current year (for the
29.4
40.1
37.1
38.0
—
current year from any bill)
Advances for future years
12.4
12.4
12.4
14.7
—
(from the current bill)
Advances from prior years
6.2
12.4
12.4
12.4
—
(from previous bills)
Source: Amounts are compiled from an unofficial staff table of the House Appropriations Committee,
July 20, 2000.
a These amounts represent only discretionary programs funded in the L-HHS-ED appropriation bill;
appropriations for mandatory programs are excluded.
b The FY2000 amounts are based on P.L. 106-113 (reflecting the 0.38% general discretionary fund
reduction) and on the FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 106-246; these amounts may be
modified by further legislation during FY2000.
A single mandatory ED program is included in the L-HHS-ED bill — the Vocational
Rehabilitation State Grants program — funded at $2.3 billion in FY2000.
Key Issues
President’s Request. The amount of Federal support for education has been a
priority of both the Congress and the President in recent years, and the FY2001 budget
request for ED continues to reflect that emphasis. Under the request, funding would be
increased for a variety of ED programs that focus on school improvement, student
achievement, effective practices, and school choice. Additional support is requested for
improving teacher quality, modernizing schools, meeting the needs of special student
populations, reaching and completing a postsecondary education, and making college

---

CRS-28
affordable. Hispanic Education receives special attention to overcome the challenges of
language and cultural barriers to education.
Discretionary increases of at least $100 million requested for ED programs under the
President’s FY2001 budget include the following.
! The largest ED discretionary increase requested (in terms of absolute
dollars) is an initial $1.3 billion for a School Renovation Initiative to assist
local educational agencies (LEAs) repair or renovate their schools. The
amount would include $175 million in grants to LEAs, and the remainder
to support 7-year, interest free loans to LEAs.
! Education Technology programs would be increased $137 million to
provide additional assistance to teachers and schools in the use of
technology and telecommunications for elementary and secondary
education; the FY2000 amount is $766 million.
! An increase of $547 million is proposed for 21st Century Community
Learning Centers for grants that support school-based programs
providing multiple services to meet the needs of the community; the
FY2000 amount is $453 million.
! An initial $120 million is proposed for a Small, Safe, and Successful High
Schools Initiative to improve the learning environments in the Nation’s
700 largest high schools.
! An additional $417 million is requested for the $7.9 billion Title I Grants
to LEAs for the Education of the Disadvantaged, the largest federal
formula grant program for elementary and secondary education.
! An initial $690 million is proposed for a Teaching to High Standards
Initiative, a new formula grant program for professional development and
classroom improvement to replace the existing $335 million Eisenhower
Professional Development program.
! $450 million more is requested for the Class Size Reduction and Teacher
Assistance program, which is currently funded at $1.3 billion and was
first initiated under the FY1999 appropriations.
! $373 million more is requested for various other School Improvement
activities, more than doubling the $290 million currently available for
these programs. The additional funds would be used primarily in the area
of teacher quality initiatives.
! $298 million more is requested for the $5.8 billion Special Education
State Grants program of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
(IDEA).
! An increase of $716 million is requested for the $7.6 billion Pell Grant
program to increase access to a postsecondary education for students
from low-income families. The proposed maximum award would be
increased by $200 to $3,500.
! $125 million more is proposed for Gaining Early Awareness and
Readiness for Undergraduate Programs (GEAR UP), which is funded at
$200 million in FY2000.

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CRS-29
Decreases requested in the President’s budget include the following:
! $408 million less would be provided for Goals 2000: Educate America
Act programs, which is funded at $491 million in FY2000; the decrease
corresponds with the repeal of major program components in FY2000.
! $136 million less would be provided for the $906 million Impact Aid
programs.
! The Fund for the Improvement of Education (FIE) would be reduced by
$107 million; $244 million is provided in FY2000. The proposed
funding level would support continuation grants, ongoing projects, and a
limited number of new activities.
! No funds are requested for either the $335 million Eisenhower
Professional Development program or the $366 million Innovative
Program Strategies (education block grant) program; however, these
funds would be more than offset by new teacher initiatives and other
School Improvement activities.
! Like its DOL counterpart, the $55 million ED portion of the School-to-
Work Opportunities Act program would be terminated in FY2001, as
specified in the sunset provision of its authorization.
House Bill. As passed, the House bill does not accept all the funding changes
proposed in the President’s FY2001 budget.
! 21st Century Community Learning Centers would receive $600 million,
$400 million less than requested but $147 million more than in FY2000.
! Title I Grants to LEAs would be funded at $7.9 billion, $417 less than
requested but the same as in FY2000.
! Impact Aid would receive $985 million, $215 million more than
requested and $79 million more than in FY2000.
! The bill would fund Innovative Education Program Strategies at $366
million, the same as in FY2000; the President requested program
termination.
! The bill would fund the Teacher Empowerment Act, if authorized, at $1.8
billion. This Act would replace the Class Size Reduction program, for
which the President requested $1.8 billion. Class Size Reduction is
currently funded at $1.3 billion.
! Other School Improvement activities would be funded at $340 million,
$329 million less than requested but $44 million more than in FY2000.
In particular, the House did not fund a series of small national program
initiatives requested by the President
! IDEA Special Education State Grants would be increased to $6.3 billion,
$202 million more than the request and $500 million more than in
FY2000.
! GEAR UP would receive $200 million, the same as the current funding
level but $125 million less than the request.
! The House bill would not fund several of the President’s FY2001
initiatives, including Small, Safe, Successful High Schools ($120 million

---

CRS-30
requested), Teaching to High Standards ($690 million), and School
Renovation ($1.3 billion).
Senate Bill. As passed, the Senate bill differs from the House bill with regard to
several programs.
! Education Technology programs would be funded at $795 million, $110
million less than the House amount but $29 million more than in FY2000.
! Title I Grants to LEAs would receive $8.3 billion, $395 million more than
the House amount and the FY2000 level.
! The bill would provide $651 million for other programs for the Education
of the Disadvantaged, $225 million less than the House amount and $109
million less than the FY2000 amount. In particular, the bill would
provide no funds for the Comprehensive School Reform Demonstration
program, currently funded at $170 million.
! Eisenhower Professional Development program would be funded at
$435 million, $100 million more than the current level; the House bill
would provide no funds for this program.
! Innovative Education Program Strategies program would receive $3.1
billion, $2.7 billion more than the House amount and the FY2000
amount. The additional amount would be reserved for LEAs to be used
“as part of a local strategy for improving academic achievement” that
might include the recruitment and training of qualified teachers, class size
reduction, or school construction or renovation.
! No funds would be provided for the Class Size Reduction program,
funded at $1.3 billion in FY2000; the House bill would provide $1.8
billion for a Teacher Empowerment Act.
! IDEA Special Education State Grants would be funded at $7.1 billion,
$0.8 billion more than the House amount and $1.3 billion more than the
FY2000 level.
! Pell Grants would receive $8.7 billion, $384 million more than the House
amount and $1.1 billion more than the FY2000 amount. The Senate bill
would increase the maximum grant to $3,650. The current maximum
award is $3,300; both the House bill and the President’s budget would
set the maximum at $3,500.
Forward Funding and Advance Appropriations. Many of the larger ED programs
have either authorization or appropriation provisions that allow funding flexibility for school
program years that differ from the federal fiscal year. For example, some of the elementary
and secondary education formula grant programs receive funding through appropriations
that become available for obligation to the states on July 1 of the same year as the
appropriations, and remain available through the end of the following fiscal year. That is,
FY2000 appropriations for some programs will become available for obligation to the
states on July 1, 2000, and will remain available for a 15-month period until September 30,
2001. This budgetary procedure is popularly known as “forward” or “multi-year” funding,
and is accomplished through funding provisions in the L-HHS-ED appropriations bill.

---

CRS-31
Forward funding in the case of elementary and secondary education programs was
designed to allow additional time for school officials to develop budgets in advance of the
beginning of the school year. For Pell Grants, however, aggregate program costs for
individual students applying for postsecondary educational assistance cannot be known
with certainty ahead of time. Appropriations from one fiscal year primarily support Pell
Grants during the following academic year, that is, the FY2000 appropriation supports the
2000-2001 academic year. Unlike forward funded programs, however, the funds remain
available for obligation for 2 full fiscal years. Thus, if cost estimates turn out to be too low,
funds may be borrowed from the following year’s appropriations, or conversely, if the
estimates are too high, the surplus may be obligated during the following year.
An advance appropriation occurs when the appropriation is provided for a fiscal year
beyond the fiscal year for which the appropriation was enacted. In the case of FY2000
appropriations, funds would normally become available October 1, 1999, under regular
funding provisions, but would not become available until July 1, 2000, under the forward
funding provisions discussed above. However, if the July 1, 2000 forward funding date
were to be postponed for obligation by 3 months, until October 1, 2000, the appropriation
would be classified as an “advance appropriation” since the funds would become available
only in the next fiscal year (FY2001). For Title I Grants to LEAs, the FY1998
appropriation of $7.4 billion was split — $6.0 billion of forward funding, and $1.4 billion
as an advance appropriation. For FY1999, $7.7 billion was split so that $1.5 billion was
for forward funding and $6.2 billion was an advance appropriation. The FY2000
appropriation under P.L. 106-113 is $7.9 billion for Title I Grants to LEAs, with forward
funding of $1.7 billion, plus an advance appropriation of $6.2 billion in forward funding.
What is the impact of these changes in funding provisions? At the program or service
level, relatively little is changed by the 3-month delay in the availability of funds, since most
expenditures for a standard school year occur after October 1. At the appropriations
level, however, a significant technical difference occurs because forward funding is counted
as part of the current fiscal year, and is therefore fully included in the current 302(b)
allocation for discretionary appropriations. Under federal budget scorekeeping rules, an
advance appropriation is not counted in the 302(b) allocation until the following year. In
essence, a 3-month change from forward funding to an advance appropriation for part or
all of the annual appropriations for a given program allows a one-time shift from the current
year to the next year in the scoring of discretionary appropriations.8
For Additional Reading
CRS Electronic Briefing Book.
K-12 Education Briefing Book
[http://www.congress.gov/brbk/html/ebedd1.html]
8 For additional information on budget enforcement procedures, see CRS Report 98-720,
Manual on the Federal Budget Process, by Robert Keith and Allen Schick.

---

CRS-32
CRS Issue Briefs.
CRS Issue Brief IB10029, Education for the Disadvantaged: ESEA Title I
Reauthorization Issues, by Wayne Riddle.
CRS Issue Brief IB98013, Elementary and Secondary Education Block Grant
Proposals in the 106th Congress, by Wayne C. Riddle and Paul M. Irwin.
CRS Issue Brief IB98047, Elementary and Secondary: Reconsideration of the
Federal Role by the 106th Congress, by Wayne Riddle, et al.
CRS Issue Brief IB98035, School Choice: Current Legislation, by Wayne Riddle and
James Stedman.
CRS Reports.
CRS Report RL30106, Adult Education and Family Literacy Act, Title II of the
Workforce Investment Act of 1998, P.L. 105-220, by Paul M. Irwin.
CRS Report RS20447, Class Size Reduction Program: Background and Issues, by
James B. Stedman.
CRS Report RS20156, Elementary and Secondary School Teachers: Action by the
106th Congress, by James B. Stedman.
CRS Report RL30448, Even Start Family Literacy Programs: Background and
Reauthorization Issues, by Gail McCallion and Wayne Riddle.
CRS Report 98-676, Federal Elementary and Secondary Programs: Ed-Flex and
Other Forms of Flexibility, by Wayne Riddle.
CRS Report RL30568, Goals 2000: Implementation, Impact, and Action by the 106th
Congress, by James B. Stedman.
CRS Report RL30075, Impact Aid: Overview and Reauthorization Issues, by Richard
N. Apling.
CRS Report 97-433, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: Full Funding of
State Formula, by Richard N. Apling.
CRS Report RS20366, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Overview
of Major Provisions, by Richard Apling and Nancy Lee Jones.
CRS Report 96-178, Information Technology and Elementary and Secondary
Education: Current Status and Federal Support, by James B. Stedman.
CRS Report 98-67, Internet: An Overview of Key Technology Policy Issues
Affecting Its Use and Growth, by Marcia S. Smith, et al.
CRS Report RS20036, Internet — Protecting Children from Unsuitable Material and
Sexual Predators: Overview and Pending Legislation, by Marcia S. Smith.
CRS Report RS20532, The Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act:
Reauthorization and Appropriations, by Edith Fairman Cooper.
CRS Report RS20171, School Facilities Infrastructure: Background and Legislative
Proposals in the 106th Congress, by Susan Boren.
CRS Report 97-541, School-to-Work Opportunities Act, by Richard N. Apling.
CRS Report 98-969, Technology Challenge Programs in the Elementary and
Secondary Education Act, by Patricia Osorio-O’Dea.
CRS Report 98-957, TRIO and GEAR UP Programs: Provisions and Status, by
James B. Stedman.

---

CRS-33
CRS Report RL30306, 21st Century Community Learning Centers: An Overview of
the Program and Analysis of Reauthorization Issues, by Gail McCallion.
Selected World Wide Web Sites.
U.S. Department of Education Home Page
[http://www.ed.gov/]
[http://www.ed.gov/offices/OUS/budget.html]
[http://www.ed.gov/offices/OUS/Budget01/]
[http://www.ed.gov/offices/OUS/Budget01/BudgetSumm/]
[http://www.ed.gov/offices/OUS/budnews.html]
[http://www.ed.gov/Speeches/02-2000/20000207.html]
Detailed Appropriation Table
Table 10 shows the appropriation details for offices and major programs of ED.

---

CRS-34
Table 10. Detailed Department of Education Appropriations
($ in millions)
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Office or major program
enacted a
request
House
Senate
final
Office of Elementary and Secondary Education (OESE)
Goals 2000: Educate America Act
491
83
0
40
—
School-to-Work Opportunities
55
0
0
0
—
Educational Technology
766
903
905
795
—
21st Century Community Learning
453
1,000
600
600
—
Centers
Small, Safe, Successful High
0
120
0
0
—
Schools Initiative
Title I Education for the
7,941
8,358
7,941
8,336
—
Disadvantaged, Grants to LEAs
Education for the Disadvantaged,
760
792
876
651
—
Other
Impact Aid
906
770
985
1,075
—
School Improvement (SI),
Eisenhower Professional
335
0
0
435
—
Development
SI Innovative Education Program
366
0
366
3,100
—
Strategies
SI Teaching to High Standards
0
690
0
0
—
Initiative
SI Class Size Reduction, Teacher
1,300
1,750
1,750
0
—
Empowerment b
SI Safe and Drug-Free Schools
600
650
599
642
—
SI Magnet Schools
110
110
110
110
—
SI, other
296
669
340
386
—
Reading Excellence Act
260
286
260
286
—
Indian Education
77
116
108
116
—
School Renovation Initiative
0
1,300
0
0
—
OESE subtotal
14,716
17,597
14,840
16,572
—
Bilingual and Immigrant
406
460
406
443
—
Education
Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services
IDEA Special Education, State
5,755
6,053
6,255
7,053
—
Grants
IDEA Special Education, National
282
316
295
300
—
Activities
Vocational Rehabilitation State
2,339
2,400
2,400
2,400
—
Grants (mandatory)
Rehabilitation Services, other
368
399
377
400
—
Special Institutions for Persons
144
150
154
155
—
With Disabilities
Office of Vocational and Adult Education
Vocational Education
1,193
1,184
1,228
1,214
—

---

CRS-35
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Office or major program
enacted a
request
House
Senate
final
Adult Education
470
556
491
491
—
Incarcerated Youth Offenders
19
12
0
22
—
Office of Student Financial Assistance Programs
Pell Grants
7,640
8,356
8,308
8,692
—
Supplemental Educational
631
691
691
691
—
Opportunity Grants
Federal Work-Study
934
1,011
1,011
1,011
—
Federal Perkins Loans, Capital
100
100
100
100
—
Contributions
Federal Perkins Loans, Loan
30
60
40
60
—
Cancellations
Leveraging Educational
40
40
0
75
—
Assistance Partnership (LEAP)
Federal Family Education Loans,
48
48
48
48
—
Administration
Office of Postsecondary Education
Aid for Institutional Development
293
389
389
358
—
Federal TRIO Programs
645
725
760
737
—
GEAR UP
200
325
200
225
—
Other Higher Education
392
357
339
385
—
Howard University
219
224
226
224
—
College Housing and Academic
1
1
1
1
—
Facilities Loans, Administration
Office of Educational Research and Improvement
Research and Statistics
277
325
277
287
—
Fund for the Improvement of
244
137
145
142
—
Education
Other Research and Improvement
70
56
72
78
—
Departmental Management
488
526
488
505
—
TOTALS, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Total Appropriations c
37,945
42,495
39,542
42,675
—
Current Year: FY2001
25,497
30,047
27,094
27,926
—
FY2002
12,448
12,448
12,448
14,748
—
Source: Amounts are compiled from an unofficial staff table of the House Appropriations Committee,
July 20, 2000.
a The FY2000 amounts are based on P.L. 106-113 (reflecting the 0.38% general discretionary fund
reduction) and the FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 106-246; these amounts may be modified
by further legislation during FY2000.
b The FY2001 House appropriation is contingent on enactment of the Teacher Empowerment Act.
c Appropriation totals include discretionary and mandatory funds, and may be subject to additional
scorekeeping and other adjustments.

---

CRS-36
Related Agencies
Discretionary appropriations for the L-HHS-ED Related Agencies are shown in
Table 11. Because appropriations may consist of mixtures of budget authority enacted
in various years, two summary measures are used. Program level reflects the
appropriations in the current bill, regardless of the year in which they will be spent.
Current level represents appropriations for the current year; the source may be either the
current bill or a prior enactment, and the amount is similar to what is counted for the
302(b) allocations ceilings. A discussion of advance appropriations as they relate to
302(b) allocations may be found in the U.S. Department of Education section (see page
30).
Table 11. Related Agencies Discretionary Appropriations
($ in billions) a
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Type of funding
enacted b
request
House
Senate
final
Program level (from the
$8.2
$8.8
$8.6
$8.6
—
current bill for any year)
Current year (for the
8.1
8.7
8.5
8.5
—
current year from any bill)
Advances for future years
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
—
(from the current bill)
Advances from prior years
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
—
(from previous bills)
Source: Amounts are compiled from an unofficial staff table of the House Appropriations Committee,
July 20, 2000.
a These amounts represent only discretionary programs funded by the L-HHS-ED appropriation bill;
appropriations for mandatory programs are excluded.
b The FY2000 amounts are based on P.L. 106-113 (reflecting the 0.38% general discretionary fund
reduction) and on the FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 106-246; these amounts may be
modified by further legislation during FY2000.
Mandatory programs for related agencies included in the L-HHS-ED bill are funded
at $30.3 billion in FY2000, including $29.6 billion for the Supplemental Security Income
(SSI) program and $0.5 billion for Special Benefits for Disabled Coal Miners.
Key Issues
President’s Request. The President’s FY2001 budget for related agencies
includes increases in discretionary spending of at least $100 million for the following.
! $298 million additional is proposed for the SSA Limitation on
Administrative Expenses, which is currently funded at $4.2 billion.

---

CRS-37
! An increase of $238 million is requested for discretionary activities
related to the SSI program, primarily administrative activities; the current
funding level is $2.4 billion.
Smaller increases are proposed for Corporation for National and Community Service
(CNS) programs ($18 million); the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB), including
the CPB Digitalization program ($15 million and $75 million, respectively); and the
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) ($10 million).
Reductions are requested for several Related Agencies programs, including the
Railroad Retirement Board ($11 million).
House Bill. As passed, the House bill does not accept all the funding changes
proposed in the President’s FY2001 budget.
! The House bill would provide $2.4 billion for discretionary activities
related to the SSI program, $227 million less than requested but $11
million more than the FY2000 amount.
! $4.5 billion would be provided for activities funded under the SSA
Limitation on Administrative Expenses, $71 million more than requested
and $360 million more than in FY2000.
! A provision of the House bill (§514) would move the delivery date of the
October 2000 SSI benefits payment of $2.4 billion from October 2,
2000 (FY2001) back to September 29, 2000 (FY2000).
Senate Bill. As passed, the Senate bill differs from the House bill with regard to
several programs.
! The Senate proposal would provide $2.7 billion for SSI discretionary
activities, $227 million more than the House bill and $238 million more
than in FY2000.
! $4.4 billion would be provided for the SSA Limitation on Administrative
Expenses, $194 million below the amount proposed by the House but
$166 million more than in FY2000.
! A provision of the Senate bill, as reported (§515), would have moved
the October 2000 SSI benefits payment of $2.4 billion from October 2,
2000, to September 29, 2000, but this provision was deleted on the
Senate floor.9
9 A similar provision has been enacted as part of the Emergency Supplemental Act, 2000
(Division B of P.L. 106-246, §5105); see discussion in Related Legislation, p. 42.
September 29, 2000 (FY2000), was the payment date for October 2000 SSI benefit
payments prior to the enactment of §5527 of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, P.L. 105-33,
which reset the SSI payment date as October 2, 2000 (FY2001).

---

CRS-38
For Additional Reading
CRS Electronic Briefing Book.
Social Security Briefing Book
[http://www.congress.gov/brbk/html/ebssc1.html]
CRS Issue Briefs.
CRS Issue Brief IB98048, Social Security Reform, by David S. Koitz.
CRS Reports.
CRS Report RL30186, Community Service: A Description of AmeriCorps, Foster
Grandparents, and Other Federally Funded Programs, by Ann Lordeman and
Alice D. Butler.
CRS Report 97-755, National Labor Relations Act: Regulation of Unfair Labor
Practices, by Michael Schmerling.
CRS Report RS20548, Public Broadcasting: Frequently Asked Questions, by
Bernevia McCalip.
CRS Report RS20408, Railroad Retirement and Unemployment Benefits: A Fact
Sheet, by Rachel W. Kelly.
CRS Report RS20635, Railroad Retirement Legislation: An Overview of the
Railroad Retirement and Survivors Improvement Act of 2000 (H.R. 4844), by
Rachel W. Kelly.
CRS Report 98-422, Social Security and the Federal Budget: What Does Social
Security’s Being “Off Budget” Mean?, by David Stuart Koitz.
CRS Report RS20165, Social Security “Lock Box”, by David Stuart Koitz.
CRS Report 94-486, Supplemental Security Income (SSI): A Fact Sheet, by Carmen
Solomon-Fears and Rachel Kelly.
CRS Report RS20019, Supplemental Security Income (SSI): Fraud Reduction and
Overpayment Recovery, by Carmen Solomon-Fears.
CRS Report RS20419, VISTA and the Senior Volunteer Service Corps: Description
and Funding Levels, by Ann Lordeman.
Selected World Wide Web Sites.10
Armed Forces Retirement Home
[http://www.afrh.com]
Corporation for National and Community Service
[http://www.cns.gov]
[http://www.cns.gov/news/2000_1_11_1.html]
10 Not all of the L-HHS-ED related agencies have web sites, and not all web sites include
FY2001 budget information.

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CRS-39
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
[http://www.cpb.org]
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
[http://www.fmcs.gov]
Institute of Museum and Library Services
[http://www.imls.gov]
[http://www.imls.gov/whatsnew/leg/leg_bdrq01.htm]
[http://www.imls.gov/whatsnew/leg/tst01lh.htm]
Medicare Payment Advisory Commission
[http://www.medpac.gov/]
National Commission on Libraries and Information Science
[http://www.nclis.gov/]
National Council on Disability
[http://www.ncd.gov/]
[http://www.ncd.gov/newsroom/testimony/wolters_3-30-00.html]
National Education Goals Panel
[http://www.negp.gov/]
National Labor Relations Board
[http://www.nlrb.gov]
[http://www.nlrb.gov/press/truesdale_stmt2001.html]
[http://www.nlrb.gov/press/page_stmt2001.html]
Railroad Retirement Board
[http://www.rrb.gov]
[http://www.rrb.gov/FY2001chair.html]
Social Security Administration
[http://www.ssa.gov]
[http://www.ssa.gov/budget/]
United States Institute of Peace
[http://www.usip.org]
Detailed Appropriation Table
Table 12 shows the appropriation details for offices and major programs of the L-
HHS-ED related agencies.

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CRS-40
Table 12. Detailed Related Agencies Appropriations
($ in millions)
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Office or major program
enacted a
request
House
Senate
final
Armed Services Retirement Home
68
70
70
70
—
Corporation for National and Community Service (CNS) b
CNS Volunteers in Service to
81
86
81
83
—
America (VISTA)
CNS National Senior Volunteer
183
193
182
187
—
Corps
CNS Program Administration
31
34
32
32
—
CNS subtotal
295
313
295
302
—
Corporation for Public
Broadcasting (CPB), 2-Year
350
365
365
365
—
Advance
CPB Digitalization Initiative, with
multi-year advances c
10
85
0
20
—
CPB Supplementals and
-1
0
0
0
—
Rescissions
Federal Mediation and
37
39
38
38
—
Conciliation Service
Federal Mine Safety and Health
6
6
6
6
—
Review Committee
Institute of Museum and Library
166
173
170
168
—
Services (IMLS) d
Medicare Payment Advisory
7
8
8
8
—
Commission
National Commission on Libraries
1
1
1
1
—
and Information Science
National Council on Disability
2
3
2
3
—
National Education Goals Panel
2
2
0
2
—
National Labor Relations Board
206
216
206
216
—
National Mediation Board
10
10
10
10
—
Occupational Safety and Health
8
9
9
9
—
Review Commission
Railroad Retirement Board Dual
259
248
250
248
—
Benefits

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CRS-41
FY2000
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
FY2001
Office or major program
enacted a
request
House
Senate
final
Social Security Administration (SSA)
SSA Special Benefits for Disabled
508
480
480
480
—
Coal Minors (mandatory)
SSA Supplemental Security
29,618
31,164
31,164
31,164
—
Income (SSI) (mandatory)
SSA SSI, other
2,422
2,660
2,433
2,660
—
SSA Federal Funds, other
21
20
20
20
—
(mandatory)
SSA Limitation on Administrative
4,185
4,474
4,545
4,351
—
Expenses
SSA Office of Inspector General
66
73
66
69
—
SSA subtotal
36,820
38,871
38,708
38,744
—
United States Institute for Peace
13
14
15
13
—
TOTALS, RELATED AGENCIES
Total Appropriations e
38,259
40,435
40,152
40,224
—
Current Year: FY2001
27,895
29,421
29,203
29,276
—
FY2002
10,014
10,619
10,584
10,584
—
FY2003
350
395
365
365
—
Source: Amounts are compiled from an unofficial staff table of the House Appropriations Committee,
July 20, 2000.
a The FY2000 amounts are based on P.L. 106-113 (reflecting the 0.38% general discretionary fund
reduction) and on the FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 106-246; these amounts may be
modified by further legislation during FY2000.
b Funds are provided only for CNS Domestic Volunteer Service Act programs — the Corporation also
receives funds from the Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development (VA/HUD)
Appropriations for AmeriCorps Grants and other programs under the National Community Service Act
($437 million in FY2000).
c The FY2000 CPB Digitalization funds are contingent on the enactment of a specific authorization by
September 30, 2000. The FY2001 request includes $20 million for FY2001, $35 million for FY2002, and
$30 million for FY2003.
d Funds are provided only for IMLS Library Services programs — the Institute also receives funds
from the Interior Appropriations for Museum Services programs ($24 million in FY2000).
e Appropriation totals include discretionary and mandatory funds, and may be subject to additional
scorekeeping and other adjustments.

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CRS-42
Related Legislation
Several legislative items related to L-HHS-ED appropriations have been considered
by the 106th Congress; during the 2nd Session, an FY2000 supplemental appropriations
and the FY2001 budget resolution have been the focus of attention.
FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 106-246 (H.R. 4425)
FY2000 supplemental appropriations and rescissions are enacted by Division B, the
Emergency Supplemental Act, 2000, of P.L. 106-246 (H.R. 4425, H.Rept. 106-710).11
Division A of P.L. 106-246 is the Military Construction Appropriations Act, 2001, and
Division C provides supplemental funds for the Cerro Grande fire earlier this year near Los
Alamos, New Mexico. The L-HHS-ED provisions of P.L. 106-246 include additional
appropriations of: $600 million for the LIHEAP Emergency Allocation; $35 million for
Foster Care and Adoption Assistance; $31 million for the National Pharmaceutical
Stockpile under PHSSEF; $12 million for international HIV/AIDS programs at the CDC;
$35 million for the SSA Limitation on Administrative Expenses; and increases for several
smaller programs or activities. In addition, the bill includes $20 million in FY2001 funds
for competitive grants at HRSA to provide abstinence education to adolescents. Offsetting
rescissions for L-HHS-ED programs include $43 million in PHSSEF appropriations and
$20 million in DHHS Departmental Management funds for FY2001. Under §5105, SSI
benefit payments for October 2000 would be delivered on September 29, 2000 (FY2000)
instead of on October 2, 2000 (FY2001), as required under current law as amended by
§5527 of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, P.L. 105-33.12 Under §5104, §216 of the
FY2000 L-HHS-ED Appropriations is deleted; §216 delayed $5.0 billion in obligations
until the end of FY2000 for several DHHS activities, including NIH, HRSA, CDC,
Children and Family Services Programs, SSBG, and SAMHSA.
Only the conference version of H.R. 4425 included L-HHS-ED provisions and not
the earlier versions as initially passed by the House or the Senate. However, similar
L-HHS-ED supplemental appropriations would have been provided through H.R. 3908
(H.Rept. 106-521) as passed by the House, amended, March 30, 2000 (roll call #95,
263-146), and through S. 2536, the Department of Agriculture Appropriations, 2001
(S.Rept. 106-288), as reported by the Senate Appropriations Committee May 9, 2000.
The conference report for H.R. 4425 (H.Rept. 106-710) was passed by the House June
29, 2000, by a vote of 306 to 110 (roll call #362), and by the Senate June 30, 2000, by
11 For details, see CRS Report RL30457, Supplemental Appropriations for FY2000: Plan
Columbia, Kosovo, Foreign Debt Relief, Home Energy Assistance, and Other
Initiatives, by Larry Nowels, et al.
1 2 This same provision is included as §514 in the House version of H.R. 4577. A similar
provision was included in the Senate reported version of S. 2553 (§515). However, this
provision was deleted from the Senate-passed version H.R. 4577 under a point of order
raised by Senator Gramm during Senate floor consideration (see Congressional Record,
daily edition, June 28, 2000, p, S5979-84, S6030; and June 30, 2000, p. S6204).

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CRS-43
voice vote. H.R. 4425 was signed into law by the President on July 13, 2000, as P.L.
106-246.
FY2001 Budget Resolution, H.Con.Res. 290
H.Con.Res. 290/S.Con.Res. 101, the FY2001 Concurrent Resolution on the Budget
The FY2001 resolution sets annual levels for the federal budget through FY2005.13 The
resolution establishes the aggregate discretionary spending limit for the 13 regular
appropriations bills, known as the 301(a) allocation, and specifies the budget reconciliation
process for the modification of mandatory spending limits, if necessary. The resolution sets
spending targets for functional categories of the budget, and contains “sense of the
Congress” provisions. Report language indicates the funding assumptions made for
selected programs that might be used to reach the spending targets. However, the final
spending figures for departments and agencies — as well as programs, projects, and
activities — are to be enacted through individual appropriations bills. H.Con.Res. 290
(H.Rept. 106-530) was passed by the House March 24, 2000 (roll call #75, 211-207).
The text of S.Con.Res. 101 (S.Rept. 106-251) was incorporated into H.Con.Res. 290
and passed by the Senate April 7, 2000 (roll call #79, 51-45). The conference report
(H.Rept. 106-577) was agreed to by the House (roll call #125, 220-208) and by the
Senate (roll call #85, 50-48) on April 13, 2000.
Appropriations in the 106th Congress, First Session
Most L-HHS-ED appropriations for FY2000 were provided by P.L. 106-113,
informally known as the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2000,14 which was signed
into law by the President on November 29, 1999 (H.R. 3194, conference report H.Rept.
106-479). Section 1000(a)(4) of P.L. 106-113 enacted by cross reference H.R. 3424,
the FY2000 L-HHS-ED Appropriations.15 In addition, §1000(a)(5) of P.L. 106-113
enacted by cross reference H.R. 3425, §301 of which required a general reduction of
FY2000 discretionary budget authority of 0.38%, to be applied to each federal
department and agency. Under this provision, no program, project, or activity could be
reduced by more than 15% of what would have otherwise been provided through any Act
for FY2000. Other legislation in the first session related to L-HHS-ED appropriations
included the following:
! P.L. 106-31, the 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act,
provided supplemental appropriations and offsetting rescissions for a
13 For details, see CRS Issue Brief IB10052, The Budget for Fiscal Year 2001, by Philip
D. Winters.
14 For a guide to the entire Act, see CRS Report RS20403, FY2000 Consolidated
Appropriations Act: Reference Guide, by Robert Keith.
15 For details on the L-HHS-ED part of the Act, see CRS Report RL30203, Appropriations
for FY2000: Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, by Paul M. Irwin.

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CRS-44
number of L-HHS-ED programs.16 H.R. 1141 (H.Rept. 106-64)
passed the House March 24, 1999. S. 544 (S.Rept. 106-8) was
amended and passed by the Senate on March 23; subsequently, its text
was incorporated into H.R. 1141 as an amendment and was passed by
the Senate on March 25, 1999. The conference report (H.Rept. 106-
143) was passed by the House on May 18 and by the Senate May 20.
As amended, H.R. 1141 was signed into law by the President May 21,
1999.
! Seven continuing resolutions provided temporary FY2000 funding for
L-HHS-ED programs prior to the enactment of P.L. 106-113 on
November 29, 1999 (P.L. 106-62, P.L. 106-75, P.L. 106-85, P.L.
106-88, P.L. 106-94, P.L. 106-105, and P.L. 106-106).17
! H.R. 3064 (conference report H.Rept. 106-416) would have provided
FY2000 appropriations for both the District of Columbia and L-HHS-
ED, with L-HHS-ED discretionary appropriations funded at
approximately $1.4 billion below the amount eventually enacted in P.L.
106-113. H.R. 3064 was vetoed by the President (H.Doc. 106-154)
November 3, 1999.
! H.Con.Res. 68, the FY2000 concurrent resolution on the budget, set
annual levels for the federal budget through FY2009.18 H.Con.Res. 68
(H.Rept. 106-73) was amended and passed by the House, March 25,
1999. S.Con.Res. 20 (S.Rept. 106-27) was amended and incorporated
in H.Con.Res. 68 as an amendment, and passed the Senate March 25,
1999. A conference report (H.Rept. 106-91) was agreed to by the
House April 14, and by the Senate April 15, 1999.
16 For details, see CRS Report RL30083, Supplemental Appropriations for FY1999:
Central America Disaster Aid, Middle East Peace, and Other Initiatives, by Larry
Nowels.
17 For background on continuing resolutions, see CRS Report RL30343, Continuing
Appropriations Acts: Brief Overview of Resent Practices, by Sandy Streeter.
18 For additional information, see CRS Issue Brief IB10017, The Budget for Fiscal Year
2000, by Philip D. Winters.

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CRS-45
Appendix A: Terminology
Advance appropriation19 is budget authority that will become available in a fiscal year
beyond the fiscal year for which the appropriations act is enacted; scorekeeping counts the
entire amount in the fiscal year it first becomes available for obligation.
Appropriation is budget authority that permits federal agencies to incur obligations and
to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. Appropriations represent
the amounts that agencies may obligate during the period of time specified in the law.
Annual appropriations are provided in appropriations acts; most permanent appropriations
are provided in substantive law. Major types of appropriations are regular, supplemental,
and continuing.
Budget authority is legal authority to incur financial obligations that normally result in the
outlay of federal government funds. Major types of budget authority are appropriations,
borrowing authority, and contract authority. Budget authority also includes the subsidy
cost of direct and guaranteed loans, but excludes the portion of loans that is not subsidized.
Budget resolution is a concurrent resolution passed by both Houses of Congress, but not
requiring the signature of the President, setting forth the congressional budget for at least
5 fiscal years. It includes various budget totals and functional allocations.
Discretionary spending is budget authority provided in annual appropriation acts, other
than appropriated entitlements.
Entitlement authority is the authority to make payments to persons, businesses, or
governments that meet the eligibility criteria established by law; as such, it represents a
legally binding obligation on the part of the federal government. Entitlement authority may
be funded by either annual or permanent appropriation acts.
Forward funding is budget authority that becomes available after the beginning of one
fiscal year and remains available into the next fiscal year; the entire amount is counted or
scored in the fiscal year it first becomes available.
Mandatory (direct) spending includes: (a) budget authority provided in laws other than
appropriations; (b) entitlement authority; and (c) the Food Stamp program.
Rescission is the cancellation of budget authority previously enacted.
Scorekeeping is a set of procedures for tracking and reporting on the status of
congressional budgetary actions.
Supplemental appropriation is budget authority provided in an appropriations act in
addition to regular appropriations already provided.
1 9 These definitions are based on CRS Report 98-720, Manual on the Federal Budget
Process, by Robert Keith and Allen Schick.

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CRS-46
Appendix B: Scope of the L-HHS-ED Bill
The FY2000 budget authority for all federal programs is estimated to be $1,801.1
billion, as shown in Table B.1. Of this amount, $901.5 billion (50.1%) is the total for the
departments and related agencies funded through the L-HHS-ED bill.
Table B.1. Scope of the L-HHS-ED Bill
(Estimated FY2000 budget authority in billions of dollars) a
Estimated
Percent of
Budget category
amount
federal budget
Total Federal Budget Authority
$1,801.1
100.0%
U.S. Department of Labor
31.7
1.8%
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
394.8
21.9%
U.S. Department of Education
32.7
1.8%
Social Security Administration (On-budget)
44.5
2.5%
Social Security Administration (Off-budget)
396.3
22.0%
Other Related Agencies
1.5
0.1%
L-HHS-ED Agency Total
901.5
50.1%
L-HHS-ED Bill, Total Current Year Funds
315.2
17.5%
L-HHS-ED Bill, Current Year Mandatory Funds
229.1
12.7%
L-HHS-ED Bill, Current Year Discretionary Funds
86.1
4.8%
Total Federal Discretionary Funds
591.5
32.8%
Source: Budget of the United States Government Historical Tables, Fiscal Year 2001, Table 5.2;
Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2001, Table S-9; and the conference report
H.Rept. 106-479, which provides details for the FY2000 L-HHS-ED amounts under P.L. 106-113.
Note: For data comparability, this table uses data based on the February 2000 OMB budget
documents and the November 2000 L-HHS-ED FY2000 conference report; the data therefore do not
include funding adjustments made by the P.L. 106-246 FY2000 Supplemental Appropriations.
The estimated FY2000 appropriation for L-HHS-ED was $315.2 billion in current
year funds — $86.1 billion in discretionary funds and $229.1 billion in mandatory funds.
The L-HHS-ED Appropriations Subcommittees generally have effective control only over
the discretionary funds, which currently constitute approximately 4.8% of the aggregate
budget authority for all federal departments and agencies, and 9.6% of the total budget

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CRS-47
authority for L-HHS-ED departments and agencies.20 What accounts for the remaining
90.4% of L-HHS-ED funds?
First, some DOL, DHHS, and ED programs receive automatic funding without
congressional intervention in the annual appropriations process; these programs receive
funds from permanent appropriations and trust funds instead. This process accounts for
most of the difference between the L-HHS-ED bill total of $315.2 billion and the agency
total of $901.5 billion in FY2000. The major programs in this group include
Unemployment Compensation, Medicare, Railroad Retirement, Temporary Assistance for
Needy Families (TANF, the welfare assistance program), Student Loan programs, State
Children’s Health Insurance Program, and Social Security benefits.21
Second, mandatory programs account for the difference between the L-HHS-ED
total of $315.2 billion and the subtotal of $86.1 billion for discretionary funds in FY2000.
Although annual appropriations are made for these programs — these are sometimes
called “appropriated entitlement” programs — in general the amounts provided must be
sufficient to cover program obligations and entitlements to beneficiaries. For these
programs, as well as the programs funded through trust funds and permanent authorities,
most changes in funding levels are made through amendments to authorizing legislation
rather than through annual appropriation bills. Federal administrative costs for these
programs typically are subject to annual discretionary appropriations, however. For L-
HHS-ED agencies, these programs include Supplemental Security Income, Black Lung
Disability payments, Foster Care and Adoption, the Social Services Block Grant, and
Vocational Rehabilitation, as well as general (non-earmarked) fund support for Medicare
and Medicaid.
Third, two DHHS programs are funded in other appropriations bills.
! The Food and Drug Administration is funded by the Agriculture
appropriations bill ($1.1 billion in FY2000).
! The Indian Health Service is funded by the Interior appropriations bill
($2.4 billion in FY2000).
20 The annual congressional budget resolution sets aggregate spending targets for budget
functions; House and Senate committees must initiate and report legislation that will achieve
these targets. Typically, appropriation committees develop proposals to meet discretionary
spending levels through appropriation bills. Likewise, authorizing committees develop
proposals to meet mandatory spending levels; these proposals are often reported by separate
authorizing committees and combined into a single, omnibus reconciliation bill.
21 The Social Security Administration (SSA) was separated from DHHS and established as
an independent federal agency on March 31, 1995. Within the L-HHS-ED bill, however, the
SSA merely was transferred from DHHS to the category of “related agency.” The
operation of the Social Security trust funds is considered off-budget. Of the $901.5 billion
total for L-HHS-ED departments and agencies in FY2000, the SSA accounted for $440.8
billion, or 48.9% of the total. As shown in Table B.1, the SSA amount represents $44.5
billion for designated on-budget activities and $396.3 billion for off-budget activities.

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CRS-48
Note: Two L-HHS-ED activities receive funds from two appropriations bills. For
FY2000, the Corporation for National and Community Service (CNS) is funded at
$295 million from L-HHS-ED Appropriations for programs authorized under the Domestic
Volunteer Service Act of 1973, and at $437 million from the Veterans Affairs and Housing
and Urban Development (VA/HUD) Appropriations for AmeriCorps and other programs
authorized by the National Community Service Act. The Institute of Museum and
Library Services (IMLS) is funded at $166 million under L-HHS-ED Appropriations
for Library Services, and at $24 million under the Interior Appropriations for Museum
Services

---