Military Memorials, Monuments, and Museums: Selected Resources for Federal, State, and Local Funding

December 15, 2022 – May 21, 2024 R47337

Military Memorials, Monuments, and
May 21, 2024
Museums: Selected Resources for Federal,
Carly A. Miller
State, and Local Funding
Research Librarian

This report provides selected resources to aid congressional offices with constituent grantseekers
in identifying potential funding opportunities for military-related historic preservation and

commemoration projects (referred to collectively in this report as “military-related initiatives”).
Examples of military-related historic preservation projects include museum collections, exhibitions, and projects that explore
aspects of military history. Examples of military-related commemoration projects include monuments and memorials to
honor servicemembers and veterans. This report identifies potential funding opportunities at the federal, state, and local
levels for military-related historic preservation and commemoration projects. It also includes sources of potential funding
from private organizations, general grant resources on how to identify private organizations, relevant CRS grant products,
and a table with state-level grant programs available in each state and territory.
This report is intended to serve as a guide to locating potential grant programs for military-related initiatives. It is not
intended to be an exhaustively comprehensive resource on all possible funding avenues for this topic.

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Introduction
Congressional offices frequently receive requests from constituent grantseekers interested in
funding for military-related historic preservation and commemoration projects (collectively
referred in this report as “military-related initiatives”). Common military-related historic
preservation projects desiring funding include museum exhibits or collections that highlight
military history. Frequent military-related commemoration initiatives desiring funding include
state, local, and private monuments and memorials to honor servicemembers and veterans. For
the purposes of this report, the term “military-related commemoration initiative” does not include
national monuments and memorials.
This report is intended to serve as a guide to aid congressional offices with constituent
grantseekers in identifying possible sources of funding for military-related initiatives. It provides
selected potential federal, state, and local governmental assistance opportunities. It also identifies
selected nongovernmental sources of possible funding, general resources for identifying private
grantmaking organizations, relevant CRS products on grants, and includes a table of selected
state-level grant program websites available for each state and territory. Examples of previously
funded military-related projects are also included throughout, where available.
The governmental resources for military historic preservation and commemoration projects
constitute the bulk of this report. This portion of the report is organized into two categories: 1)
“Historic Preservation Initiatives” and 2) “Commemorative Initiatives.” Each category contains
examples of entities and programs that are potential sources of funding for that category. There
may be some overlap between the two categories, so it is possible that some programs and entities
included in one category may also provide funding opportunities applicable to projects in the
other category.
The governmental resources for historic preservation initiatives and commemorative initiatives
are further categorized as either federal, state, or local level programs, depending on which entity
is primarily responsible for the program administration, regardless of the original source of funds.
For example, a grant program that is administered by a state-level entity but uses federal funds
would be listed as a state-level resource. Funding for governmental grant programs is complex
and varies widely by program. Identifying the funding structure for each program is beyond the
scope of this report.
The remainder of the report contains resources on private organizations, CRS products, and a
table of state-level grant program websites.
While the grants landscape is generally vast in scope and complexity, the narrow purposes of
many grant programs—and the strong competition for funds—means that the success rate in
obtaining grants may be limited. Also, note that many of the assistance programs listed here are
not explicitly designed for military-centered initiatives, and there may be few (if any) funding
opportunities for certain kinds of projects.
This report is not intended to be a comprehensive resource on all possible funding avenues for
this topic.

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Military Memorials, Monuments, and Museums: Selected Funding Resources

Historic Preservation Initiatives
Various entities, including museums, historical societies, state and local governments, institutes of
higher education, and nonprofits, may seek funding assistance for preservation projects related to
military history. This section identifies possible sources of funding at the federal and state levels
of government.
Federal Resources
Various federal entities may provide funding assistance for military historic preservation
initiatives. Some of the programs listed below are specifically focused on military-related
initiatives, while other programs focus more broadly on historic preservation initiatives. Where
possible, particularly for programs with broader purposes, examples of previous funding awards
for military historic preservation projects are included.
For congressional offices with constituent grantseekers seeking an introduction to the federal
grants landscape, refer to CRS Report RL34012, Resources for Grantseekers, by Maria Kreiser,
which provides an overview of federal grants, identifies the different types of entities eligible for
funding, and provides key resources that may help grantseekers identify relevant federal grant
opportunities.
National Endowment for the Humanities
Standing Together: The Humanities and the Experience of War
https://www.neh.gov/veterans/standing-together
Standing Together is an organization-wide initiative of the National Endowment for the
Humanities (NEH) to “promote understanding of the military experience and to support returning
veterans. NEH seeks grant proposals that explore war and its aftermath, promote discussion of the
experience of military service, and support returning veterans and their families.”1
NEH has awarded numerous grant awards for military history. For example, the Virginia
Historical Society received an NEH grant to assist with the preservation of its U.S. military
history materials, which document the lives of soldiers primarily between 1914 and 1975.2
Eligibility for NEH grants varies by program, but grant awardees typically include cultural
institutions such as museums, archives, libraries and institutes of higher education, and individual
scholars.3 For guidance on matching a project proposal to an NEH program, refer to
https://www.neh.gov/grants/match-your-project.
National Park Service
The National Park Service (NPS) administers several grant programs to assist with historic
preservation initiatives. Below are selected NPS historic preservation grant programs that may
provide funding assistance for military historic preservation initiatives. For more information on
the historic preservation programs of the NPS and federal historic preservation in general, refer to

1 NEH, “Standing Together,” at https://www.neh.gov/veterans/standing-together.
2 NEH, “Preservation and Access: Military History,” at https://www.neh.gov/veterans/preservation-and-access-
military-history.
3 NEH, “About the National Endowment for the Humanities,” at https://www.neh.gov/about.
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CRS Report R45800, The Federal Role in Historic Preservation: An Overview, by Mark K.
DeSantis.
American Battlefield Protection Program
https://www.nps.gov/orgs/2287/index.htm
The American Battlefield Protection Program (ABPP) awards funding to assist with the
preservation and interpretation of “significant historic battlefields and sites of armed conflict on
American soil.”4 NPS offers four types of grants through this program:5
• Battlefield Land Acquisition Grants
• Battlefield Interpretation Grants
• Battlefield Restoration Grants
• Preservation Planning Grants
Eligibility varies by program but may include state, local, and tribal governments and nonprofit
organizations.6 For application information and guidance, visit
https://www.nps.gov/orgs/2287/apply-for-grants.htm.
For additional background information on the ABPP, refer to CRS In Focus IF11329, American
Battlefield Protection Program, by Mark K. DeSantis.
Japanese American Confinement Sites Grant Program7
https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1379/index.htm
The Japanese American Confinement Sites (JACS) grant program provides funding assistance
“for the preservation and interpretation of incarceration sites where Japanese Americans were
detained during World War II.”8 These sites include the ten War Relocation Authority sites, as
well as other historically significant locations, as determined by the Secretary of the Interior,
where Japanese Americans were detained during World War II.9
As an example of a project funded through the JACS program, the Alaska Chapter of the
Japanese American Citizens League received a JACS grant in 2021 to support an oral history
project to record the stories from descendants and friends of Japanese Americans who lived in
Alaska at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor.10
Eligible entities are those organizations that seek to preserve Japanese American confinement
sites and their history and include state and local governments, educational institutions, nonprofit
organizations, and federally recognized Indian tribal governments.11 For grant application and
instructions, visit https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1379/grant-application.htm.

4 NPS, “What We Do,” at https://www.nps.gov/orgs/2287/whatwedo.htm.
5 NPS, “American Battlefield Protection Program,” at https://www.nps.gov/orgs/2287/index.htm.
6 NPS, “Apply for Grants,” at https://www.nps.gov/orgs/2287/apply-for-grants.htm.
7 The JACS grant program was authorized by Congress in 2006 (P.L. 109-441).
8 NPS, “Japanese American Confinement Sites Grant Program,” at https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1379/index.htm.
9 See P.L. 109-441. The ten War Relocation Authority sites are Gila River, Granada, Heart Mountain, Jerome,
Manzanar, Minidoka, Poston, Rohwer, Topaz, and Tule Lake.
10 NPS, “National Park Service commemorates Asian American, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander Heritage Month,
announces $3.15 million in grants to preserve and interpret World War II Japanese American Confinement Sites,” press
release, May 19, 2021, at https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1207/aanhpi_2021.htm.
11 See P.L. 109-441.
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Maritime Heritage Grants Program
https://www.nps.gov/subjects/maritimeheritage/maritime-heritage-grants.htm
The Maritime Heritage Grants program is administered by NPS in partnership with the Maritime
Administration (MARAD). The program awards grants for initiatives that seek to promote the
preservation and education of historic maritime resources.12 As an example of a previously
funded military project, the Destroyer Escort Historical Museum in Albany, New York, which
houses the USS Slater, a World War II-era Destroyer Escort,13 received funding to transport the
ship to a new location to address preservation concerns associated with the hull and mast.14
Eligible entities include state and local governments, federally recognized tribes, and nonprofits.15
For application information, visit https://www.nps.gov/maritime/grants/apply.htm.
Save America’s Treasures Grant Program – Preservation Projects16
https://www.nps.gov/subjects/historicpreservationfund/save-americas-treasures-grants.htm
The Save America’s Treasures Grant program is administered jointly by NPS, the Institute of
Museum and Library Services (IMLS), the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), and the
National Endowment for the Humanities. It promotes the preservation of America’s nationally
significant historic properties. 17
Grant funding is awarded for two types of projects: projects for the preservation of historic
properties; and projects for collections projects, such as artifacts, museum collections, documents,
and sculptures. NPS manages the preservation grants, which are reserved for properties listed on
the National Register of Historic Places for national significance or listed as a national historic
landmark. Grant funding for collections projects is managed by the IMLS.18 For more information
on the collections component, see “Institute of Museum and Library Services” below.
As an example of a preservation project funded under this program, the city of Detroit, Michigan,
received grant funding in 2021 for the rehabilitation of the Commanding Officer’s House at
Historic Fort Wayne.19
Eligible entities include nonprofit organizations, state and local governments, educational
institutions, federally recognized Indian Tribes20, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiian
Organizations.21 For application information visit
https://www.nps.gov/subjects/historicpreservationfund/sat-grant-info.htm.

12 NPS, “Maritime Heritage Grants,” at https://www.nps.gov/subjects/maritimeheritage/maritime-heritage-grants.htm.
13 USS Slater-Destroyer Escort Historical Museum at https://ussslater.org/.
14 NPS, “National Maritime Heritage Grant Recipients,” at https://www.nps.gov/maritime/grants/recipients.htm.
15 NPS, “Maritime Heritage Grants--Who May Apply,” at
https://www.nps.gov/maritime/grants/pdf/WhoMayApply.pdf.
16 The Save America’s Treasures grant program is authorized under 54 U.S.C. Ch. 3089.
17 NPS, “Save America’s Treasures Grants,” at https://www.nps.gov/subjects/historicpreservationfund/save-americas-
treasures-grants.htm.
18 Ibid.
19 NPS, “National Park Service and Partner Agencies Announce $15.5 million in Save America’s Treasures Grants,”
press release, September 10, 2021, https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1207/sat-grant-2021.htm.
20 To search for federally recognized tribes, visit https://www.bia.gov/service/tribal-leaders-directory/federally-
recognized-tribes.
21 NPS, “Save America’s Treasures Application Information,” at
https://www.nps.gov/subjects/historicpreservationfund/sat-grant-info.htm.
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Underrepresented Communities Grant Program
https://www.nps.gov/subjects/historicpreservationfund/underrepresented-community-grants.htm
The Underrepresented Communities grant program seeks to increase the diversity of nominations
to the National Register of Historic Places.22 Potential projects include “surveys and inventories
of historic properties associated with communities underrepresented in the National Register, as
well as the development of nominations to the National Register for specific sites.”23
As an example of a project funded through the Underrepresented Communities grant program, the
city of Pasco, Washington, received funding to examine historic properties associated with
Pasco’s African-American communities and changes in the communities’ population during
World War II.
Eligible entities are State Historic Preservation offices, Tribal Historic Preservation Offices,
federally recognized Indian Tribes, Alaska Natives Villages/Corporations, Native Hawaiian
Organizations, and Certified Local Governments. For application information, visit
https://www.nps.gov/subjects/historicpreservationfund/urc-grant-info.htm.
Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS)
Inspire! Grants for Small Museums
https://www.imls.gov/grants/available/inspire-grants-small-museums
The Inspire! Grants for Small Museums grant program supports small museums with a variety of
projects including exhibitions, digital learning resources, and collections management. For
example, in FY2019, the Virginia National Guard Museum received funding for a training
program to teach interns how to organize and preserve the museum’s archaeology collections.24
Museums for America
https://www.imls.gov/grants/available/museums-america
The Museums for American grant program provides assistance to museums of any size for
endeavors that promote the capacity to meet the needs of museum patrons. These grants may fund
diverse projects including exhibitions, collections management, professional development, and
educational programs. For example, in FY2018, the Boston Athenaeum in Massachusetts received
grant funding for a cataloging project of posters from the Richard W. Cheek World War II
Graphic Arts collection.25
Museum Grants for African American History and Culture
https://www.imls.gov/grants/available/museum-grants-african-american-history-and-culture
The Museum Grants for African American History and Culture grant program provides funding to
initiatives that support African American museums. Projects may include professional
development, institutional capacity, and museum and archival collections at both African
American museums and Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). For example, the

22 The National Register of Historic Places (or National Register) stands as the United States’ “official list” of
properties significant in “American history, architecture, archeology, engineering and culture” (54 U.S.C. §302101).
The National Register is maintained by the Department of the Interior (DOI) and in particular by NPS under the
authority of NHPA, as amended.
23 NPS, “Underrepresented Community Grants,” at
https://www.nps.gov/subjects/historicpreservationfund/underrepresented-community-grants.htm.
24 IMLS, “Virginia Department of Military Affairs (Virginia National Guard Museum),” at
https://www.imls.gov/grants/awarded/ma-35-19-0144-19.
25 IMLS, “Boston Athenaeum,” at https://www.imls.gov/grants/awarded/ma-30-18-0320-18.
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Buffalo Soldiers National Museum in Houston, Texas, was awarded a grant in FY2018 for a
multifaceted endeavor focused on incorporating new exhibition technology, improving collection
management methods, and developing educational programming.26
Native American/Native Hawaiian Museum Services Program
https://www.imls.gov/grants/available/native-americannative-hawaiian-museum-services-
program
The Native American/Native Hawaiian Museum Services Program is designed to “support Indian
Tribes and organizations that primarily serve and represent Native Hawaiians in sustaining
heritage, culture, and knowledge...”27 For example, in FY2020, the Chickaloon Native Village
received funding for its Nay'dini'aa Na' Kayax Nahwgholnicde project to catalog the military
contributions of Indigenous peoples and the effects of military service.28
Save America’s Treasures—Collections Projects
https://www.imls.gov/grants/available/save-americas-treasures
IMLS administers the collections projects grants component of the NPS Save America’s
Treasures Grant Program. Collections must be nationally significant and include artifacts,
museum collections, documents, and sculptures.29 For example, the Naval War College Museum
received funding in 2022 to inventory, catalog, and digitize its collection, which includes
manuscripts, oral history interviews, books, letters, and journals related to military history.
State Resources
Various state government entities may offer funding opportunities and other assistance for
military historic preservation projects. This section provides an overview of selected entities that
may be sources of funding. The entities listed here are not intended to reflect a comprehensive list
of all available at the state level.
Military History Grant Programs
There are several states that administer specific programs for the preservation of military history,
including:
• The Massachusetts State Historical Records Advisory Board administers the
Veteran’s Heritage Grants Program30
• The Tennessee War Commission administers the Civil War Sites Preservation
Fund and the Tennessee Wars Commission Grant Fund31
• The Texas Historical Commission administers a Military Sites Program32

26 IMLS, “Buffalo Soldiers National Museum,” at https://www.imls.gov/grants/awarded/mh-00-18-0011-18.
27 IMLS, “Native American/Native Hawaiian Museums Services Program,” at
https://www.imls.gov/grants/available/native-americannative-hawaiian-museum-services-program.
28 IMLS, “Chickaloon Native Village,” at https://www.imls.gov/grants/awarded/mn-245530-oms-20.
29 NPS, “Save American’s Treasures Grants,” at https://www.nps.gov/subjects/historicpreservationfund/save-americas-
treasures-grants.htm.
30 See Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, “SHRAB Grants and Programs,” at
https://www.sec.state.ma.us/divisions/archives/shrab/shrab-grants.htm.
31 See Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, “Tennessee Wars Commission,” at
https://www.tn.gov/environment/about-tdec/grants/thc.html.
32 The Texas Historical Commission supports projects related to preserving Texas military history but may not
necessarily offer grants. See https://www.thc.texas.gov/preserve/projects-and-programs/military-history.
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The majority of states do not have grant programs geared specifically towards military history,
and it may be necessary for grantseekers to identify possible funding opportunities from state
programs that are broader in scope.
Historic Preservation Entities
A potential source of funding for military historic preservation initiatives may be state-level
agencies or other entities that focus on preserving state history. Although these entities vary
widely by state, agency, department, or division, names may include historical or heritage
commissions, historical societies, archives, and historic or cultural resources. Although
uncommon, there are some state entities that administer specific grant programs for the
preservation of military history.
Grantseekers may wish to reach out to the state entity responsible for historic preservation to
inquire about possible grant programs. Here are a few examples of previously awarded grants for
military preservation projects:
• In 2021, the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission awarded its
Cultural and Historical Support Grants to several entities, including the Braddock
Battlefield History Center and the Eldred World War II Museum Inc.33
• The Florida Department of Environmental Protection was recommended for a
Special Category Historic Preservation Grant for FY2023 from the Florida
Division of Historical Resources for its restoration project of Fort Clinch State
Park Barracks.34
• In 2018, the Fort Douglas Military Museum used grant funding from the Utah
Division of Archives and Records Service for a project involving a historic map
collection.35
See Appendix at the end of this report for a table of selected state- and territory-level grant
program websites from state historic preservation entities. These program websites may contain
funding opportunities for military historic preservation projects.
Other State Entities
While state-level agencies that focus on historic preservation initiatives are a likely source of
potential funding, other state grant programs may also provide assistance for military history
preservation projects. The types of state entities and programs vary widely by state. The
following are examples of previously awarded funds for military projects:
• The Indiana Destination Development Corporation awarded grant funding to the
Indiana Military Museum in Vincennes for the expansion of an “existing display
area as well as the development of a 1,200 square feet, 50-seat theater.”36

33 Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission, “The Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission Awards
More Than $2 Million In Grants to Museums, Historical Organizations, Local Governments and Academic
Institutions,” press release, December 8, 2021, at https://www.media.pa.gov/pages/phmc-details.aspx?newsid=400.
34 Florida Division of Historical Resources, “Special Category Historic Preservation Grants FY2023 Final Ranking
Project List,” at https://files.floridados.gov/media/704898/fy2023-sc-ranking-list.pdf.
35 Janell Tuttle, “USHRAB Grants Help Museums Organize Collections,” Utah Division of Archives and Records
Service, May 3, 2018, at https://archivesnews.utah.gov/2018/05/03/ushrab-grants-help-museums/.
36 Justus O’Neil, “The Indiana Destination Development Corporation Awards $450,000 Through Nine Grants,”
VisitIndiana.com, March 8, 2024, at https://www.visitindiana.com/articles/post/the-indiana-destination-development-
corporation-awards-450000-through-nine-grants/.
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• Empire State Development, an entity dedicated to economic development across
New York State,37 awarded grant funding to the Buffalo and Erie County Naval
and Military Park for upgrades to the Veterans Memorial Garden and the USS
Little Rock.38
• In 2020, the Illinois Department of Natural Resources awarded a Public Museum
Capital grant to the Veterans Memorial Hall and Museum in Rockford, Illinois.39
Commemorative Initiatives
This section provides selected sources of potential government funding for state, local and private
military commemorative initiatives, and includes examples of military commemorative efforts.
Funding opportunities for national monuments and memorials are outside the scope of this
report.40 All references to monuments and memorials refer to state, local, and private
commemorative initiatives.
In general, government funding for military commemorative initiatives is limited. At the federal
level, there are no grant programs that provide direct funding specifically for military memorials
or monuments. At the state and local levels, limited funding may be available for commemorative
projects, but funding assistance varies widely by state and locality.
The following potential state and local government funding sources are not a comprehensive list
of all possible sources of governmental funding. In addition, because government funding
opportunities may be limited, it may be useful for grantseekers to solicit assistance from private
entities, such as nonprofit organizations, corporations, and foundations, as well as individual
donations. For example, the construction of the African American Veterans Monument, unveiled
in September 2022 at the Buffalo and Erie County Naval & Military Park in Buffalo, New York,
was funded by contributions from New York State, charitable donations, and private businesses41
Refer below to section “Nongovernmental Organizations” for examples of potential private
sources of funding, and to the section “Additional Resources” for more information on how to
identify private funding sources.
State Resources
Various state government entities may administer grant programs that could potentially provide
funding for military commemorative initiatives. Although some states have specific grants
programs for military commemorative projects, the majority of states do not, so grantseekers may
seek funding from grant programs with broader objectives. The following are examples of
specific military grant programs available in certain states, as well as selected state government

37 Empire State Development, “Our Mission Statement,” at https://esd.ny.gov/about-us.
38 Regional Economic Development Councils, “Buffalo and Erie County Naval & Military Park Improvement Capital,”
at https://regionalcouncils.ny.gov/cfa/project/255824.
39 Veterans Memorial Hall and Museum, “Illinois Department of Natural Resources Public Museum Capital Grants
Program Awards Veterans Memorial Hall $192,000,” press release, November 19, 2020, at
http://veteransmemorialhall.com/news/21/illinois-department-of-natural-resources-public-museum-capital-grants-
program-awards-veterans-memorial-hall-192-000.
40 For further information on commemorative memorials, see CRS Report R45741, Memorials and Commemorative
Works Outside Washington, DC: Background, Federal Role, and Options for Congress, by Jacob R. Straus and Laura
B. Comay.
41 Cathy Free, “New Monument Honors Service of Black Americans in 12 U.S. Wars,” Washington Post, October 6,
2022, at https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2022/10/06/buffalo-monument-black-veterans/.
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entities that may provide funding assistance through broader grant funding programs. This is not
a comprehensive list of all possible state-level sources.
Military Commemorative Grant Programs
When soliciting funding, grantseekers may wish to determine if there are grant programs
specifically for military commemorative initiatives available at the state level. The following
states administer specific programs for military monuments and memorials or administer
programs that explicitly state the monuments and memorials projects are eligible. For state
programs that focus more broadly on military historic preservation initiatives, see “Military
History Grant Programs” above.
• The Alaska Veterans Memorial Endowment Fund provides grants both for the
maintenance of existing monuments and memorials and the creation of new ones
to honor veterans and the military.42
• The Massachusetts Veterans Heritage Grant Program awards funding for the
maintenance or enhancement of existing military monuments and memorials.43
• For fiscal years 2022 and 2023, the Minnesota Department of Administration
administered a Veterans Memorial Grants program for local units of
government.44
• The Oregon Veterans and War Memorial Grant Program awards funding for the
creation and rehabilitation of military memorials to honor Oregon military
personnel and veterans.45
Natural Resources/Parks and Recreation Entities
Because the majority of states do not administer grant programs specifically dedicated to military
commemorative initiatives, grantseekers may wish to seek opportunities from broader state-level
grant programs. One possible source of state grants for military monuments and memorials may
be state natural resources department or similar entities, such as parks and recreation departments.
Since many military monuments and memorials are installed in parks or other public spaces,
these projects may be eligible for outdoor and recreation-oriented grants offered by these state
agencies. Refer to the examples below of previously awarded grants from these types of state
entities:
• In 2020, the California Department of Parks and Recreation awarded funds to the
City of Santa Maria Recreation and Parks Department for improvements to the
city’s Veterans Memorial Park, including the addition of a memorial garden to
honor veterans.46

42 Alaska State Office of Veterans Affairs, “Veterans Memorial Endowment Fund,” at
https://veterans.alaska.gov/endowment-fund/.
43 Massachusetts State Historic Records Advisory Board, “SHRAB Grants and Programs,” at
https://www.sec.state.ma.us/divisions/archives/shrab/shrab-grants.htm.
44 Minnesota Department of Administration, “Competitive Grant Opportunities,” at
https://mn.gov/admin/government/grants/arts-cultural-heritage-fund/competitive-grants/.
45 Oregon Heritage, “Grants,” at https://www.oregon.gov/oprd/OH/Pages/Grants.aspx.
46 Patricia Martellotti, “Santa Maria Gets $2 Million Grant to Remodel Veterans Memorial Park,” News Channel 12 3
11, March 5, 2020, at https://keyt.com/lifestyle/community/2020/03/05/santa-maria-gets-2-million-grant-to-remodel-
veterans-memorial-park/.
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• In 2019, the South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism
awarded a Park and Recreation Development grant to Bamberg County to build a
Veterans Memorial Park with benches dedicated to Bamberg County veterans.47
• In 2019, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources approved a NatureWorks
grant for the village of Attica for the development of Attica’s Veterans Memorial
Park project. The initiative proposed the addition of memorials and flags in honor
of the U.S. Armed Forces, benches for reflection, and remembrance bricks in
honor of local veterans.48
Refer to the Appendix at the end of this report for a selected list of state- and territory-level grant
program websites from state parks and recreation entities. These program websites may contain
grant opportunities for military commemorative initiatives.
Other State Entities
State-level parks and recreation entities are not the only potential sources of possible state
government funding. Because state entities and programs vary so widely by state, there is no
comprehensive list of all possible state-level sources. Grantseekers might consider making
inquiries with the state entities listed in the “State Resources” for military historic preservation
initiatives, and also search for state grant programs with broader purposes and objectives. For
example, the Connecticut Office of Policy and Management approved a Small Town Economic
Assistance Program grant in 2022 for the town of Harwinton, Connecticut to support upgrades to
the town’s Veterans War Memorial.49
Local Resources
Local units of governments, such as municipalities or counties, may also be possible sources of
funding for military commemorative initiatives. Grantseekers may wish to reach out to local
bodies such as town councils, local parks and recreation departments, and county governments to
discuss potential funding opportunities. The following example projects received assistance from
local governments:
• In 2021, the San Diego County Government in California, through its
Neighborhood Reinvestment Program awarded the Rotary Club of Vista,
California a grant to complete the Vista Military Memorial Wall, which honors
the military service of Vista Residences from all military branches.50

47 Bamberg County Government, “Bamberg County Citizens Work Together to Create Veterans Memorial Park,” press
release, December 3, 2018, at https://www.bambergcountysc.gov/bamberg-county-citizens-work-together-to-create-
veterans-memorial-park.
48 Seneca County Government, “Attica Veterans Memorial Development to Get $83,380 Grant,” press release,
November 19, 2019, at https://senecacountyohio.gov/3036-2/.
49 Connecticut Office of the Governor, “Governor Lamont Approves $31.3 Million in State Grants to 77 Small Towns
for Infrastructure Improvements,” press release, September 19, 2022, at https://portal.ct.gov/Office-of-the-
Governor/News/Press-Releases/2022/09-2022/Governor-Lamont-Approves-State-Grants-to-77-Towns-for-
Infrastructure-Improvements.
50 Linda McIntosh, “Rotary Club Receives Grant to Finish Military Memorial Wall Project,” The San Diego Tribune,
May 14, 2021, at https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/north-county-community-news/story/2021-05-14/rotary-club-
receives-grant-to-finish-military-memorial-wall-project.
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• Providence City Council in Rhode Island provided monetary assistance in 2019
to the Downtown Providence Parks Conservancy for a project to restore Rhode
Island’s Soldiers and Sailors Monument.51
• The City of Norwalk, Connecticut, through its Recreation, Parks, and Cultural
Affairs Committee and Veterans Committee, provided funding for the creation of
a monument to honor the city’s Purple Heart recipients.52
• In September 2021, the Pensacola City Council in Florida agreed to award funds
for both the creation of a monument honoring women veterans as well as a statue
in honor of General Daniel “Chappie” James, the first African American to
become a four-star General in the U.S. Air Force.53
Nongovernmental Organizations
In addition to government funding opportunities, private entities may also be a potential source of
funding for military historic preservation and commemoration projects. The following entities are
examples of organizations that might provide financial assistance or general support for military-
related initiatives. This is not an exhaustive list of all possible private funding resources.
Community-based Organizations
Community-based organizations, such as the Rotary Club, Lions Club, and Kiwanis Club, may be
able to provide funding for military-related initiatives or serve as fundraising partners,
particularly for commemorative projects that seek to honor military personnel and veterans. Refer
to the following examples from some community-based organizations.
• As of May 2022, numerous Lions Club chapters are listed among the donors for a
veteran monuments restoration project in Waconia, Michigan.54
• In 2022, the Lincoln East Rotary Club donated funds to help maintain and
enhance the Veterans Memorial Garden in Lincoln, Nebraska.55
• In 2020, the Bowling Green chapter of the Kiwanis Club in Ohio donated $5,000
for the construction of a Veterans Memorial Plaza in Wood County.56

51 Providence City Council, “City Council Awards $50K to Help Restore Soldiers and Sailors Monument in Kennedy
Plaza,” press release, January 24, 2019, at https://council.providenceri.gov/2019/01/24/city-council-awards-50k-to-
help-restore-soldiers-and-sailors-monument-in-kennedy-plaza/.
52 Abigail Brone, "Norwalk Secures Funding for Purple Heart Monument at Veteran’s Park," The Hour, September 20,
2021, at https://www.thehour.com/news/article/Norwalk-secures-funding-for-Purple-Heart-monument-16473771.php.
53 Jim Little, “Pensacola Agrees to Help Fund Gen. 'Chappie' James Statue and Women Veterans Monument,”
Pensacola News Journal, September 9, 2021, at
https://www.pnj.com/story/news/local/pensacola/2021/09/09/pensacola-help-fund-chappie-james-statue-and-womens-
veteran-monument/5776042001/.
54 Al Lohman, "Work on Monument Progresses as Funding Grows," Sun Patriot Newspapers, May 26, 2022, at
https://www.hometownsource.com/sun_patriot/community/work-on-monument-progresses-as-funding-
grows/article_ed07382a-dcf1-11ec-b1c6-3fc33e420920.html.
55 Maggie Stuckey-Ross, “East Rotary Donates $50K to Veterans Memorial Garden,” Lincoln Journal Star, April 1,
2022, at https://journalstar.com/niche/neighborhood-extra/east-rotary-donates-50k-to-veterans-memorial-
garden/article_1cd72219-1bb6-516d-b15b-57178a1f67ca.html. (Note: A subscription is required to access article).
56 Jan Larson McLaughlin, "BG Kiwanis Club Donates to New Wood County Veterans Memorial," BG Independent
News, January 16, 2020, at https://bgindependentmedia.org/bg-kiwanis-club-donates-to-new-wood-county-veterans-
memorial/.
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Foundations
Private, corporate, and community foundations are possible sources of nongovernmental funding
for grantseekers. As defined by the Council on Foundations,57 a foundation “supports charitable
activities by making grants to unrelated organizations or institutions or to individuals for
scientific, educational, cultural, religious, or other charitable purposes.”58 Foundations narrowly
focused on military issues, as well as foundations with broader scopes, may be able to provide
assistance for military-related projects.
An example of a foundation with a focus on military initiatives is the Pritzker Military
Foundation, a component of the Pritzker Military Museum and Library.59 This foundation
provides grant funding for projects related to preserving and promoting military history and
supporting servicemembers and veterans.60 For 2021, the foundation allocated grant funding in
numerous areas, including military history, cultural institutions, and historic preservation.61 For
the latest application information, visit https://www.pritzkermilitaryfoundation.org/apply/.
Grantseekers may also seek funding assistance from foundations that have broader missions, such
as regional foundations. For example, in 2020 the Carlsbad Community Foundation in New
Mexico awarded a grant to the Carlsbad Veterans Memorial Park Committee for the purchase of a
Vietnam-era combat helicopter.62
For informational resources on foundations, see “Additional Resources” below.
Humanities Councils
Humanities councils are independent, nonprofit entities affiliated with the National Endowment
for the Humanities to promote the humanities within each state, the District of Columbia, Puerto
Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, and American Samoa. To
encourage public awareness of the humanities, these councils administer various types of grant
programs.63 These organizations may provide funding for military-related initiatives. For
example, in 2024 the organization Idaho Humanities awarded the Warhawk Air Museum a grant
to support a Global War on Terror exhibit.64
For contact and website information for the humanities councils in each state and territory, visit
https://www.neh.gov/about/state-humanities-councils.

57 The Council on Foundations is a nonprofit membership association. See more at https://cof.org/about.
58 Council on Foundations, “Foundation Basics,” at https://cof.org/content/foundation-basics.
59 See Pritzker Military Museum & Library, at https://www.pritzkermilitary.org/.
60 Pritzker Military Foundation, “Our Focus,” at https://www.pritzkermilitaryfoundation.org/our-focus/.
61 Pritzker Military Foundation, “Our Grants,” at https://www.pritzkermilitaryfoundation.org/our-grants/.
62 Carlsbad Community Foundation, “Carlsbad Community Foundation Announces Grant Award to Benefit Carlsbad
Veterans Memorial Park,” press release, June 25, 2020, at https://carlsbadfoundation.org/wp-
content/uploads/2020/06/Foundation-Announces-Grant-Award-to-Benefit-Carlsbad-Veterans-Memorial-Park.pdf.
63 NEH, “Office of Federal/State Partnership,” at https://www.neh.gov/divisions/fedstate.
64 Idaho Humanities, “Idaho Humanities Council Awards $74,837 in Grants in Winter 2024,” press release, March 14,
2024, at https://idahohumanities.org/idaho-humanities-council-awards-february2024/.
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Veterans Service Organizations
Veterans Service Organizations (VSOs) are “organizations that aid and serve veterans,
servicemembers, dependents, and survivors.”65 For military commemorative initiatives,
grantseekers may wish to reach out to local chapters as potential fundraising partners. For
example, a Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) post in Pawcatuck, Connecticut partnered with the
town of Stonington to raise funds for the creation of a veterans’ monument dedicated to the
Stonington residents who have served in the armed forces since World War I.66
For more information on VSOs, refer to CRS Report R46412, Veterans Service Organizations
(VSOs): Frequently Asked Questions, by Tamar B. Breslauer.
Additional Resources
The following selected resources may help grantseekers identify additional sources of grant
funding.
Candid
https://candid.org/
Candid is an information portal that serves as a gateway to the foundation grantseeking process.
Users can identify private funding sources (including national, state, community, and corporate
foundations), explore online training modules, and access guidelines on grant writing proposals.
Candid has a network of local libraries, community foundations, and other nonprofit resource
centers that provide full public access to their subscription database, The Foundation Directory
Online. See their Funding Information Network page to find a local participating organization,
https://candid.org/improve-your-nonprofit/funding-information-network.
State Grant Resources (The Grantsmanship Center)
https://www.tgci.com/funding-sources
The State Grant Resources tool from the Grantsmanship Center lists the top grantmaking,
community, and corporate foundations for each state.
Community Foundation Locator (Council on Foundations)
https://www.cof.org/page/community-foundation-locator
The Community Foundation Locator from the Council on Foundations is an interactive map that
allows users to find community foundations across the United States. Community foundations are
grantmaking public charities that operate within a specific geographic area and work to provide
funding to nonprofit organizations in their communities.67

65 CRS Report R46412, Veterans Service Organizations (VSOs): Frequently Asked Questions, by Tamar B. Breslauer.
66 VFW, “A ‘Unique Moment’ VFW members help raise funds for Connecticut monument,” press release, March 22,
2022, at https://www.vfw.org/media-and-events/latest-releases/archives/2022/3/a-unique-monument and Town of
Stonington, “Stonington Veterans Monument Project” at https://www.stonington-ct.gov/selectmens-
office/pages/stonington-veterans-monument-project.
67 Council on Foundation, “Community Foundations,” at https://www.cof.org/foundation-type/community-foundations-
taxonomy.
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Relevant CRS Reports
The following CRS reports are also freely available to the public at
https://crsreports.congress.gov/.
CRS Report RL32159, How to Develop and Write a Grant Proposal, by Maria Kreiser
CRS Report RL34012, Resources for Grantseekers, by Maria Kreiser
CRS Report R45800, The Federal Role in Historic Preservation: An Overview, by Mark K.
DeSantis
CRS In Focus IF11329, American Battlefield Protection Program, by Mark K. DeSantis
CRS Report R46813, Department of Veterans Affairs: Burial Benefits and the National Cemetery
Administration, by Scott D. Szymendera and Tamar B. Breslauer68

68 This CRS report contains information about the VA’s Veterans Cemetery Grant program, which provides assistance
to states, federally recognized tribes, and U.S. territories for “establishing (or improving) state and tribal veterans
cemeteries.”
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Appendix. State and Territory Grant Programs
This table contains selected state and territory grant program websites. These websites may
contain information on grant programs that may offer funding assistance for military-related
initiatives. CRS identified grant program websites from departments and agencies with purposes
related to parks and recreation, natural resources, historic preservation, and other similar entities.
This table is not a comprehensive list of all state and territory grant program websites.
Table A-1. Selected Grant Resources by State/Territory
State/
Territory
State Government Grant Websites
AK
Alaska Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation
http://dnr.alaska.gov/parks/grants/index.htm
Alaska Office of History and Archaeology
http://dnr.alaska.gov/parks/oha/designations/grants.htm
AL
Alabama Historical Commission
https://ahc.alabama.gov/Resources/grants.aspx
AR
Arkansas Heritage Division
https://www.arkansasheritage.com/available-grants/division-of-arkansas-heritage-grants
Arkansas Historic Preservation Program
https://www.arkansasheritage.com/arkansas-preservation/about/available-grants
Arkansas State Archives
https://www.arkansasheritage.com/arkansas-state-archives/arkansas-state-archives-about/available-
grants
AS
American Samoa Historic Preservation Office*
Executive Offices of the Governor
AS Government/Historic Preservation Office
Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799
Phone: 684-699-2316
AZ
Arizona State Parks and Trails
https://azstateparks.com/grants/
CA
California Department of Parks and Recreation
https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=29752
California Natural Resources Agency
https://resources.ca.gov/grants
California Office of Historic Preservation
https://ohp.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1073
CO
Colorado Parks and Wildlife Department
https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/GrantPrograms.aspx
History Colorado
https://www.historycolorado.org/grants-incentives
CT
Connecticut Department of Economic and Community Development
https://portal.ct.gov/DECD/Content/Historic-Preservation/02_Review_Funding_Opportunities/Grant-
Opportunities/
DC
District of Columbia Office of Planning
https://planning.dc.gov/page/preservation-grants
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State/
Territory
State Government Grant Websites
DE
Delaware Heritage Commission
https://heritage.delaware.gov/grants/
Delaware Division of Parks and Recreation
https://destateparks.com/Know/Grants
FL
Florida Department of Environmental Protection
https://floridadep.gov/Grants
Florida Division of Historical Resources
https://dos.myflorida.com/historical/grants/
GA
Georgia Department of Community Affairs
https://www.dca.ga.gov/georgia-historic-preservation-division/tax-incentives-grants/georgia-heritage-
grant-0
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
https://gadnr.org/grants
GU
Guam State Historic Preservation Office
https://historicguam.net/
HI
Hawai‘i State Foundation on Culture and the Arts
https://sfca.hawaii.gov/grants/
IA
Iowa Department of Cultural Affairs
https://iowaculture.gov/about-us/about/grants
Iowa Department of Natural Resources
https://www.iowadnr.gov/About-DNR/Grants-Other-Funding
ID
Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation
https://parksandrecreation.idaho.gov/grants-and-funding/
Idaho State Historical Society
https://history.idaho.gov/grants/
IL
Illinois Department of Natural Resources
https://www2.il inois.gov/dnr/grants/Pages/default.aspx
IN
Indiana Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology
https://www.in.gov/dnr/historic-preservation/financial-assistance/
Indiana Division of Outdoor Recreation
https://www.in.gov/dnr/state-parks/recreation/grants/
KS
Kansas Department of Wildlife & Parks
https://ksoutdoors.com/KDWP-Info/Grants
Kansas Historical Society
https://www.kshs.org/p/kansas-historical-society-grants/18575
KY
Kentucky Historical Society
https://history.ky.gov/participate/support-local-history
LA
Louisiana Office of Cultural Development
https://www.crt.state.la.us/cultural-development/historic-preservation/grants/index
Louisiana Office of State Parks
https://www.lastateparks.com/grant-opportunities-for-outdoor-recreation
MA
Massachusetts State Historic Records Advisory Board
https://www.sec.state.ma.us/arc/arcshrab/shrab-grants-and-programs.htm
Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs
https://www.mass.gov/land-and-recreation-grants-loans
Massachusetts Historical Commission
https://www.sec.state.ma.us/mhc/mhcmppf/mppfidx.htm
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State/
Territory
State Government Grant Websites
ME
Maine Bureau of Parks and Lands
https://www.maine.gov/dacf/parks/grants/index.shtml
Maine Historic Preservation Commission
https://www.maine.gov/mhpc/programs/grants
MD
Maryland Department of Natural Resources
https://dnr.maryland.gov/Pages/grantsandloans.aspx
Maryland Historical Trust
https://mht.maryland.gov/Pages/funding/grants.aspx
MH
Marshall Islands State Historic Preservation Office
Phone: 011-692-625-4642
Email: rmihpo@ntamar.net
MI
Michigan Department of Natural Resources
https://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,4570,7-350-79134_81684---,00.html
MN
Minnesota Department of Administration
https://mn.gov/admin/government/grants/arts-cultural-heritage-fund/competitive-grants/
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/grants/recreation/index.html
MO
Missouri State Parks
https://mostateparks.com/page/55065/outdoor-recreation-grants
MP
Northern Marianas Islands Department of Community and Cultural Affairs
http://dcca.gov.mp/
MS
Mississippi Department of Archives and History
https://www.mdah.ms.gov/historic-preservation/preservation-planning-development#grants
Mississippi Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks
https://www.mdwfp.com/parks-destinations/outdoor-recreational-grants/
MT
Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks
https://fwp.mt.gov/aboutfwp/grant-programs/
Montana Historical Society
https://mhs.mt.gov/Shpo/RMRH/
NC
North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources
https://www.dncr.nc.gov/programs-services/grants-opportunities
North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office
https://www.hpo.nc.gov/grants-historic-preservation-projects
ND
North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department
https://www.parkrec.nd.gov/business/grants
North Dakota State Historical Society
https://www.history.nd.gov/hp/grants.html
NE
Nebraska Game and Parks Commission
http://outdoornebraska.gov/grants/
NH
New Hampshire Division of Historical Resources
https://www.nh.gov/nhdhr/grants/
New Hampshire Division of Parks and Recreation
https://www.nhstateparks.org/find-parks-trails/find-a-trail/grants
NJ
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
https://www.nj.gov/dep/grantandloanprograms/
New Jersey Historic Trust
https://www.nj.gov/dca/njht/programs/overview/
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Military Memorials, Monuments, and Museums: Selected Funding Resources

State/
Territory
State Government Grant Websites
NM
New Mexico Historic Preservation Division
http://www.nmhistoricpreservation.org/programs/grants.html
NV
Nevada State Historic Preservation Office
https://shpo.nv.gov/homepage/commission-for-cultural-centers-and-historic-preservation-ccchp
Nevada Division of State Parks
http://parks.nv.gov/about/grant-programs
NY
New York State Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation
https://parks.ny.gov/grants/grant-programs.aspx
OH
Ohio History Connection
https://www.ohiohistory.org/preserve/local-history-services/history-fund
Ohio Department of Natural Resources
https://ohiodnr.gov/wps/portal/gov/odnr/buy-and-apply/apply-for-grants/grants
OK
Oklahoma Historical Society
https://www.okhistory.org/about/grants
OR
Oregon Parks and Recreation Department
https://www.oregon.gov/oprd/gra/pages/gra-overview.aspx
PA
Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
https://www.dcnr.pa.gov/Communities/Grants/Pages/default.aspx
Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission
https://www.phmc.pa.gov/Preservation/Grants-Funding/Pages/default.aspx
PR
Puerto Rico State Historic Preservation Office*
P.O. Box 9023935
San Juan, PR 00902-3935
Phone: 787-721-3737
RI
Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management
http://www.dem.ri.gov/programs/planning/grants/
Rhode Island Historical Preservation and Heritage Commission
https://preservation.ri.gov/preserve-protect/financial-assistance/grants
SC
South Carolina Department of Archives and History
https://scdah.sc.gov/historic-preservation/programs/grants
South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism
https://www.scprt.com/grants
SD
South Dakota Game, Fish, and Parks
https://gfp.sd.gov/partnerships/
South Dakota State Historical Society
https://history.sd.gov/preservation/fundingopportunities.aspx
TN
Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation
https://www.tn.gov/environment/program-areas/res-recreation-educational-services/res-recreation-
educational-services-grants0.html
Tennessee Historical Commission
https://www.tn.gov/historicalcommission/federal-programs.html
TX
Texas Historical Commission
https://thc.texas.gov/preserve/grants-tax-credits-and-funding
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
https://tpwd.texas.gov/business/grants/
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State/
Territory
State Government Grant Websites
UT
Utah State Historical Records Advisory Board
https://ushrab.org/guidelines/
Utah Division of Outdoor Recreation
https://recreation.utah.gov/grants/
VA
Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation
https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/grants-funding
Virginia Department of Historic Resources
https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/grants/
VI
Virgin Islands State Historic Preservation Office
https://dpnr.vi.gov/state-historic-preservation-office/
VT
Vermont Agency of Commerce and Community Development
https://accd.vermont.gov/historic-preservation/funding
Vermont Department of Forests, Parks, and Recreation, Agency of Natural Resources
https://fpr.vermont.gov/about/grants
WA
Washington Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation
https://dahp.wa.gov/grants-and-funding/grants-contracts
Washington State Recreation and Conservation Office
https://rco.wa.gov/recreation-and-conservation-office-grants/
WI
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/aid/Grants.html
WV
West Virginia Department of Arts, Culture and History
https://wvculture.org/agencies/archives-and-history/grants-provided
WY
Wyoming Department of State Parks & Cultural Resources
https://wyospcr.wyo.gov/index.php/administration/grants
Source: Table compiled by CRS from various state and territory government websites and the National Park
Service website “State Historic Preservation Offices.”
Notes: For states or territories where no grants program website was identified, the website or contact
information of the State Historic Preservation Office is provided.
* Indicates that the contact information was identified from the National Conference of State Historic
Preservation Officers at https://ncshpo.org/directory/.

Author Information

Carly A. Miller

Research Librarian

Acknowledgments
The following CRS analysts and librarians provided valuable contributions to this report:
Tamar Breslauer, Senior Research Librarian, Domestic Social Policy (DSP)
Abigail Coupe, Research Assistant, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade (FDT)
Carol Davis, former Senior Research Librarian, DSP
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Military Memorials, Monuments, and Museums: Selected Funding Resources

Mark DeSantis, Analyst in Natural Resources Policy, Resources, Science and Industry (RSI)
R. Sam Garrett, Specialist in American National Government, Government and Finance (G&F)
Maria Kreiser, Senior Research Librarian, G&F
Jennifer Manning, Senior Research Librarian, G&F
Heather Salazar, former Analyst in Veterans Policy, DSP
Barbara Salazar Torreon, Senior Research Librarian, FDT

Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan
shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and
under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other
than public understanding of information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in
connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the United States Government, are not
subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be reproduced and distributed in
its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include copyrighted images or
material from a third party, you may need to obtain the permission of the copyright holder if you wish to
copy or otherwise use copyrighted material.

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