Staff Pay, Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2001-FY2023

Changes from November 9, 2016 to June 11, 2019

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Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in Senators' Offices, FY2001-FY2015

~~November 9, 2016~~FY2018 Updated June 11, 2019 (R44324)
Jump to Main Text of Report

Introduction
Data Concerns
Data Tables and Visualizations

Senate Member Office Staff Pay Tables

Tables

Table 1. Annual Maximum Pay for Selected Staff Inin Senators' Offices, 2001-~~2015~~

2019

Table 2. Change in Median Pay for Selected Staff In Senators' Offices, Selected Periods
Table 3. Administrative Director
Table 4. Casework Supervisor
Table 5. Caseworker
Table 6. Chief of Staff
Table 7. Communications Director
Table 8. ~~Counsel~~

Constituent Service Representative

Table 9. ~~Executive Assistant~~

Counsel

Table 10. ~~Field Representative~~

Executive Assistant

Table 11. ~~Legislative Assistant~~

Field Representative

Table 12. Legislative ~~Correspondent~~

Assistant

Table 13. Legislative ~~Director~~

Correspondent

Table 14. ~~Press Secretary~~

Legislative Director

Table 15. ~~Scheduler~~

Press Secretary

Table 16. ~~Specials Director~~

Scheduler

Table 17. Staff Assistant
Table 18. State Director

Summary

~~The level~~Levels of pay for congressional staff isare a source of recurring questions among Members of Congress, congressional staff, and the public. There may be interest in congressional pay data from multiple perspectives, including assessment of the costs of congressional operations;, guidance in setting pay levels for staff in Member offices;, or comparison of congressional staff pay levels with those of other federal government pay systems.

This report provides pay data for 16 staff position titles that are typically ~~used~~found in Senators' offices. The positions include the following: Administrative Director, Casework Supervisor, Caseworker, Chief of Staff, Communications Director, Constituent Services Representative, Counsel, Executive Assistant, Field Representative, Legislative Assistant, Legislative Correspondent, Legislative Director, Press Secretary, Scheduler, "Specials Director" (a combined category that includes the job titles Director of Projects, Director of Special Projects, Director of Federal Projects, Director of Grants, Projects Director, or Grants Director), Staff Assistant, and State Director.

Tables provide tabular pay data for each of the selected staff positions in a Senator's office. Graphic displays are also included, providing representations of pay from three perspectives, including the following:
a line graph showing change in pay;

a comparison at 5-, 10-, and 15-year intervals from FY2015, depending on data availability, of the cumulative percentage change in pay for that position to changes in pay of Members of Congress and federal civilian workers paid under the General Schedule in Washington, DC, and surrounding areas; and

distributions of FY2015 pay in $10,000 increments.
In the past five years (FY2011 and FY2015), the change in median pay, in constant 2016 dollars, ranged from a 9.86% increase for press secretaries to a -26.05% decrease for specials directors. Eight of the 16 positions experienced increases in pay, while the remaining eight positions saw declines in pay. This may be compared to changes to the pay of Members of Congress, -5.10%, and General Schedule, DC, -3.19%, over approximately the same period (calendar years 2011-2015).

Pay data for staff working in House Member offices are available in CRS Report R44323, Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2001-2014. Data describing the pay of congressional staff working in House and Senate committee offices are available in CRS Report R44322, Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in House Committees, 2001-2014, and CRS Report R44325, Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in Senate Committees, FY2001-FY2014, respectively.

Information about the duration of staff employment is available in CRS Report R44683, Staff Tenure in Selected Positions in House Committees, 2006-2016, CRS Report R44685, Staff Tenure in Selected Positions in Senate Committees, 2006-2016, CRS Report R44682, Staff Tenure in Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2006-2016, and CRS Report R44684, Staff Tenure in Selected Positions in Senators' Offices, 2006-2016.

~~Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in Senators' Offices, FY2001-FY2015~~

~~Introduction~~
Staff Assistant, and State Director. The following table provides the change in median pay levels for these positions, in constant 2019 dollars between FY2017 and FY2018.

Percentage Change in Median Pay for Selected Staff In Senators' Offices, FY2017-FY2018

Position	FY17-FY18	Position	FY17-FY18
Administrative Director	-2.36%	Field Representative	-3.86%
Casework Supervisor	-3.21%	Legislative Assistant	8.04%
Caseworker	-18.02%	Legislative Correspondent	-2.13%
Chief of Staff	-2.38%	Legislative Director	4.81%
Communications Director	-0.38%	Press Secretary	-10.67%
Constituent Services Representative	-0.18%	Scheduler	-11.24%
Counsel	4.94%	Staff Assistant	4.68%
Executive Assistant	7.85%	State Director	-0.60%

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Change is based on constant 2019 dollars.

Report tables provide aggregate statistics on pay for each staff position for FY2001, FY2004, FY2009, and FY2014-FY2018, including quartiles, the median, and average pay. Complete data, FY2001-FY2018, are available to congressional requesters upon request. Graphic displays are also included, providing representations of pay from two perspectives, including the following:

a line graph showing change in median pay, FY2001-FY2018, in nominal (current) and constant 2019 dollars; and
distributions of FY2018 pay in constant 2019 dollars, in $10,000 increments.

The Congressional Research Service provides a number of products on staffing issues. These can be found in CRS Report R44688, Congressional Staff: CRS Products on Size, Pay, and Job Tenure.

Introduction

Levels of pay for congressional staff are a source of recurring questions among Members of Congress, congressional staff, and the public. Senators set the terms and conditions of employment for staff in their offices. ~~This includes~~These include job titles and descriptions,; rates of pay, subject to minimum and maximum levels,^;1 and resources available to them to carry out their official duties.² There may be interest in congressional pay data from multiple perspectives, including assessment of the costs of congressional operations, guidance in setting pay levels for staff in ~~Member~~Senators' offices, or comparison of congressional staff pay levels with those of other federal government pay systems.

Publicly available information sources do not provide aggregated congressional staff pay data in a readily retrievable form. The most recent publicly available Senate staff compensation report was issued in 2006,³ and relied on anonymous, self-reported survey data. Data in this report are based on official, retrievable Senate reports, which afford the opportunity to use ~~consistently collected~~ data from a consistent, authoritative source. Pay⁴ information in this report is based on the Senate's Report of the Secretary of the Senate, published semiannually, in periods from April 1 to September 30, and October 1 to March 31,⁵ as collated by LegiStorm, a private entity that provides some congressional data by subscription.⁶ ~~Additionally, this report provides annual data, which allows~~Annual data allow for observations about the nature of Senators' personal staff compensation over time.

This report provides pay data for 16 staff position titles that are typically ~~used~~found in Senators' offices.⁷ The positions include the following:

Administrative Director⁸
Casework Supervisor⁹

Caseworker¹⁰

Chief of Staff
Communications Director

~~Counsel¹¹~~

Constituent Services Representative

Counsel

Executive Assistant
Field Representative¹²

Legislative Assistant
Legislative Correspondent
Legislative Director
Press Secretary
Scheduler

"Specials Director," a combined category that includes the job titles Director of Projects, Director of Special Projects, Director of Federal Projects, Director of Grants, Projects Director, or Grants Director

Staff Assistant

State Director

Staff Assistant

State Director

The collection of Senators' staff pay data for FY2001-~~FY2015 were derived from a random sampling of Senators' offices in which at least one staff member worked in a position in each year~~FY2018 proceeded as follows. For each fiscal year, ~~FY2001-FY2015,~~ a random sample¹³11 of 25 Senators' offices was taken for each position. ~~In order to be included,~~ Senate staff had to hold a position with the same job title in the Senator's office for the entire fiscal year examined, and not receive pay from any other congressional employing authority. For some positions, it was not possible to identify 25 offices that employed staff for an entire year. In circumstances when data for 14 or fewer staff were identified for a position, this report provides no data. to be included. Generally, each position has no more than one observation per Senator's office each fiscal year. Every recorded payment ascribed in the LegiStorm data to those staff for the fiscal year is included~~.¹⁴~~ in the calculation of a staffer's annual pay. Data collected for this report may differ from an employee's stated annual salary due to the inclusion of overtime, bonuses, or other payments¹⁵12 in addition to base salary paid in the course of a year. ~~Generally, each position has no more than one observation per Senator's office each fiscal year.~~

Pay data for staff working in House Member offices are available in CRS Report R44323, Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2001-2014. Data describing the pay of congressional staff working in House and Senate committee offices are available in CRS Report R44322, Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in House Committees, 2001-2014, and CRS Report R44325, Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in Senate Committees, FY2001-FY2014, respectively.¹⁶

For some positions, it was not possible to identify 25 offices that employed staff in some positions for an entire year. In circumstances when data for 10 or fewer staff were identified for a position, this report provides no data.

The Congressional Research Service provides a number of products on staffing issues. These can be found in CRS Report R44688, Congressional Staff: CRS Products on Size, Pay, and Job Tenure.

Data Concerns

There may be some advantages to relying on official salary expenditure data instead of survey findings, but data presented here are subject to some challenges that could affect findings or their interpretation. Some of the concerns include the following:

~~Data are lacking for first-term Senators in the first session of a Congress. The~~Since periods of time covered by the Report of the Secretary of the Senate overlap the end of one Congress and convening of the next~~. This report provides no data for first-term Senators in~~, data are not available for first-term Senators in the first session of a Congress. Data presented in this report do not include staff serving in the offices of first-term Senators during the first nine months of their service.¹⁷

The Report of the Secretary of the Senate reports monies paid directly by the Senate to staff, but does not provide the individual value of other components of compensation, which might include paid leave or employer contributions to various insurance and retirement benefits.

Pay data provide no insight into the education, work experience, position tenure, full- or part-time status of staff, or other potential explanations for levels of compensation.
Staff could be based in Washington, DC, state offices, or both.
Potential differences might exist in the job duties of positions with the same title. Aggregation of pay by job title rests on the assumption that staff with the same title carry out the same or similar tasks. Given the wide discretion congressional employing authorities have in setting the terms and conditions of employment, there may be differences in the duties of similarly titled staff that could have effects on their levels of pay. Acknowledging the imprecision inherent in congressional job titles, an older edition of the Senate Handbook states, "Throughout the Senate, individuals with the same job title perform vastly different duties."¹⁸

14Data Tables and Visualizations

Tables in this section provide background information on Senate pay practices, comparative data for each position, and detailed data and visualizations for each position. Table 1 provides the maximum payable rates for staff in Senators' offices since 2001 in both nominal (current) and constant ~~2016~~2019 dollars.

Constant dollar calculations throughout the report are based on the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for various years, expressed in constant~~, 2016~~ 2019 dollars.¹⁹

Table 2 provides available ~~cumulative~~ percentage changes in median pay in constant ~~2016~~2019 dollars for each of the 16 positions, Members of Congress,²⁰16 and salaries paid under the General Schedule in Washington, DC, and surrounding areas, and in the Rest of the United States (RUS) area.¹⁷~~.²¹~~ Table 3 through 3-Table 18 provide tabular pay data for Senators' staff positions. The numbers of staff whose data were counted are identified as observations in the data tables. Graphic displays are also included, providing representations of pay from three perspectives, including the following:

~~a line graph showing change in pay, depending on data availability, in nominal (current) and constant 2016 dollars;~~

~~a comparison at 5-, 10-, and 15-year intervals from FY2015,²²~~ ~~depending~~each staff position for FY2001, FY2004, FY2009, and FY2014-FY2018, including data distributed by quartile, including the median, as well as average pay. The numbers of staff for which data were counted are identified as "Number" in the data tables. Staff pay tables also provide a comparison, at various intervals to FY2018, based on data availability, of the cumulative percentage change in median pay for~~pay of~~ that position ~~to changes in pay~~, in constant ~~2016 dollars, of Members of Congress and federal civilian workers paid under the General Schedule in Washington, DC, and surrounding areas; and~~

~~distributions of FY2015 pay, in 2016 dollars, in $10,000 increments.~~

~~Between FY2011 and FY2015, the~~2019 dollars.

Graphic displays are also included for each position, providing representations of pay from two perspectives, including the following:

a line graph showing change in median pay, FY2001-FY2018, in nominal (current) and constant 2019 dollars; and
distributions of FY2018 pay in 2019 dollars, in $10,000 increments.

Table 1. Annual Maximum Pay for Selected Staff in Senators' Offices, 2001-2019 change in median²³ pay, in constant 2016 dollars, ranged from a 9.86% increase for press secretaries to a -26.05% decrease for specials directors. Of the 16 positions, half saw pay increases, while the other half saw pay decreases during the five-year period. This may be compared to changes in the pay of Members of Congress, -5.1%, and General Schedule, DC, -3.19%, over approximately the same period (calendar years 2011-2015).

Between FY2006 and FY2015, the change in median pay, in constant 2016 dollars, ranged from a 15.69% increase for field representatives to a -18.96% decrease for executive assistants. Of the 16 staff positions, 4 saw pay increases while 12 saw declines. This may be compared to changes in the pay of Members of Congress, -10.41%, and General Schedule, DC, -0.13%, over approximately the same period (calendar years 2006-2015).

Between FY2001 and FY2015, the change in median pay, in constant 2016 dollars, ranged from a 27.09% increase for state directors to a -19.64% decrease for press secretaries. Of 15 staff positions for which data were available between FY2001 and FY2015,²⁴ 7 positions saw pay increases while 8 saw declines. This may be compared to changes in the pay of Members of Congress, -10.4%, and General Schedule, DC, 7.36%, over approximately the same period (calendar years 2001-2015).

~~Table 1. Annual Maximum Pay for Selected Staff In Senators' Offices, 2001-2015~~

Year

Nominal $

Constant ~~2016~~2019 $

2001

$140,559

$201,753

2002

$145,459

$205,536

2003

$150,159

$207,450

2004

$153,459

$206,509

2005

$157,559

$205,078

2006

$160,659

$202,579

2007

$160,659

$196,968

2008

$164,759

$194,526

2009

$169,459

$200,790

2010

$169,459

$197,549

2011

$169,459

$191,504

2012

$169,459

$187,622

2013

$169,459

$184,913

2014

$169,459

$181,961

2015

$169,459

$181,746

2016

$169,459

$179,482

2017

$169,459

$175,736

2018

$169,459

$171,548

2019

$169,459

2001

$140,559

$189,514

2002

$145,459

$193,068

2003

$150,159

$194,866

2004

$153,559

$194,109

2005

$157,559

$192,638

2006

$160,659

$190,290

2007

$160,659

$185,020

2008

$164,759

$182,726

2009

$169,459

$188,610

2010

$169,459

$185,566

2011

$169,459

$179,888

2012

$169,459

$176,240

2013

$169,459

$173,696

2014

$169,459

$170,924

2015

$169,459

~~$170,721~~

Source: 2 U.S.C. 4575, note, CRS calculations. Detailed information about data sources is available above in "Data Tables and Visualizations."

Table 2. Change in Median Pay for Selected Staff In Senators' Offices, Selected Periods

FY01-FY18

3.05%

-15.64%

-13.27%

1.12%

5. -33.13%

-10.57~~3.91~~%

-1.80%

7.03%

-12.22%

5.63%

~~3.76%~~

23.50%

-14.56%

8.19%

Congressional Staff PositionsPay Change Summary

~~7.36%~~

	Change ( Based on Constant, ~~2016~~2019 Dollars)
	5 Years FY11-15	10 Years FY06-15	15 Years FY01-15 FY17-FY18	FY14-FY18	FY09-FY18	FY04-FY18
Administrative Director	-~~7.37~~2.36%	0.88%	~~2.31~~3.93%	— 21.65%
Casework Supervisor	~~1.75~~-3.21% 3.83%	-~~4.24~~9.81%	~~14.62~~0.30% 13.49%
Caseworker	~~4.72~~-18.02%	-13.96%	-~~9.20~~5.04%	~~3.32~~6.52%
Chief of Staff	-~~5.10~~2.38%	-5.49%	-~~8.48~~15.90%	-~~5.95~~11.23%
Communications Director	~~5.83~~-0.38%	~~1.85~~3.84%	~~8.74~~-6.77%	4.65%
~~Counsel~~ Constituent Services Representative	-0.18%	11.96%	11.96%	3.28%	15.97%	Counsel	4.94%	~~-0.~~44%	-~~7.12~~8.64%	-~~8.39~~11.75% -3.94%
Executive Assistant	~~-7.92~~7.85%	-19.03%	-~~18.96~~32.08%	-~~7.70~~20.77%
Field Representative	-3.86%	-6.49%	-15.00~~15.69~~%	~~7.87~~-4.45%
Legislative Assistant	~~-8.78~~8.04%	6.94%	-~~5.06~~2.27%	-~~6.42~~0.80%
Legislative Correspondent	-~~0.82~~2.13%	-~~3.19~~1.86%	-1.~~22%~~
Legislative Director	0.01%	-0.44%	~~5.55~~55%	-0.33%	2.21%	Legislative Director	4.81%	5.12%	-6.56%	4.76%
Press Secretary	~~9.86~~-10.67%	3.85%	-~~4.65~~16.61%	-~~19.64~~26.63%
Scheduler	-~~7.44~~11.24% 1.18%	-~~7.22~~11.48%	-3.44%	12.30%	Staff Assistant	4.68%
~~Specials Director~~	-~~26.05~~0.64%	-~~11.17~~14.68%	-~~17.14~~0.35%
~~Staff Assistant~~ State Director	-0.60~~0.09~~%	~~-12.47~~2.99%	~~-4.62~~4.38%	5.81%
~~State Director~~ Members of Congress	~~3.89~~-2.38%	-5.72%	~~13.53~~-17.21%	~~27.09~~-15.43%
~~Members of Congress~~ General Schedule, DC	-~~5.10~~0.14%	~~-10.41~~1.66%	-~~10.40~~4.77%	1.16%
General Schedule, DC Rest of U.S.	-~~3.19~~0.75%	-0.1346%	-7.29%	-5.91%	-0.34%
Increase	5	11	3	6	9
Decrease	11	5	13	10

Source: CRS calculations, based on pay data provided in Table ~~3-Table 18~~3-Table 18 for congressional positions in constant, ~~2016~~2019 dollars,; CRS Report 97-1011, Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables, by ~~[author name scrubbed]~~Ida A. Brudnick, for Members of Congress,; and the Office of Personnel Management for federal civilian workers in the District of Columbia and surrounding areas~~, various years. No data were available for administrative directors for FY2001~~ and rest of the U.S., various years. Detailed information about data sources is available above in "Data Tables and Visualizations." Senate Member Office Staff Pay Tables Interpreting Pay Tables: Statistics Describing Pay Data For each year that data are available, statistical values for staff positions are included in Table 3 through Table 18, including the following:

Minimum & Maximum	The smallest and largest pay level, respectively, for each position.
Average (Mean)	The mean is the average of a list of numbers, in which the sum of all the values is divided by the total number of values. For example, if three salaries, $30,000, $45,000, and $90,000 were identified for a given staff position, the average (mean) would be ($30,000 + $45,000 + $90,000) ÷ 3 = $55,000.
Median	The midpoint at which half of the numbers in a list are higher and the other half lower. For example, if three salaries, $30,000, $45,000, and $90,000 were identified for a given staff position, the midpoint (median) would be $45,000.
Statistical Quartiles	Statistical values that divide data into quarters for more detailed analysis. In a list of numbers, Quartile 1 (Q1) is a number that falls in the middle between the lowest number, or minimum, and the median. For example, if Q1 for a given staff position was $50,000, this would indicate that 25% of employees in that position make $50,000 or less. Quartile 2 (Q2) is also the median. Quartile 3 (Q3) is a number that falls in the middle between the median and the highest number in the list, or maximum. Numbers between Q1 and Q3 compose the interquartile range, the difference between the largest and smallest values in the middle 50% of a list of numbers. Quartiles might also be described as percentiles, as shown below.

Statistical Measures Used in Pay Tables

Minimum

Quartile1 (Q1)

Quartile2 (Q2) Median

Quartile3 (Q3)

Maximum

Average

Lowest number in a list

25^th percentile

50^th percentile

75^th percentile

Highest number in a list

The mean, or number expressing the central value in a set of data

25% of staff make less than Q1

50% of staff make less than Q2

75% of staff make less than Q3

Middle number between Minimum and Median

Median-midpoint at which half of the numbers in a list are higher and the other half lower

Middle number between Median and Maximum

Lower Quartile

Interquartile Range = Q3-Q1

Upper Quartile

Table 3. Administrative Director

Nominal, Current $

Constant, 2019, $

Year

Number

Minimum

25 %ile

50 %ile Median

75 %ile

Maximum

Average

Minimum

25 %ile

50 %ile Median

75 %ile

Maximum

Average

FY01

$46,340

$61,630

$66,542

$73,599

$76,500

$66,200

$66,515

$88,462

$95,512

$105,641

$109,805

$95,020

FY04

$33,750

$71,408

$83,080

$100,410

$142,968

$83,942

$45,417

$96,093

$111,800

$135,121

$192,392

$112,961

FY09

$46,459

$85,297

$95,164

$111,170

$140,250

$96,479

$55,048

$101,067

$112,758

$131,723

$166,180

$114,316

Most Recent Five Years

FY14

$50,937

$87,667

$107,265

$122,484

$139,080

$103,458

$54,696

$94,134

$115,179

$131,521

$149,341

$111,091

FY15

$56,375

$97,357

$104,433

$117,500

$150,522

$106,212

$60,462

$104,415

$112,005

$126,019

$161,436

$113,913

FY16

$40,625

$82,276

$107,752

$123,750

$154,035

$101,903

$43,028

$87,142

$114,125

$131,069

$163,145

$107,930

FY17

$63,667

$100,937

$114,750

$128,875

$160,192

$114,516

$66,025

$104,676

$119,000

$133,648

$166,125

$118,758

FY18

$72,510

$102,840

$114,778

$126,262

$161,458

$113,389

$73,404

$104,107

$116,192

$127,818

$163,448

$114,786

Median Pay

FY18 Pay Distribution

Change

FY17-FY18

FY14-FY18

FY09-FY18

FY04-FY18

FY01-FY18

-2.36%

0.88%

3.05%

3.93%

21.65%

~~. Detailed information about data sources is available above in "Data Tables and Visualizations."~~

~~Table 3. Administrative Director~~

		Nominal $					Constant $
Year	Obs	Minimum	Average	Median		Maximum	Minimum		Average	Median	Maximum
FY04	18	$33,750	$83,942	$83,080		$142,968	$42,662		$106,109	$105,019	$180,721
FY05	15	$33,200	$87,806	$85,875		$150,223	$40,592		$107,355	$104,994	$183,669
FY06	22	$38,597	$84,438	$86,821		$124,264	$45,715		$100,011	$102,834	$147,183
FY07	19	$65,453	$95,393	$95,271		$126,242	$75,377		$109,858	$109,717	$145,384
FY08	25	$71,706	$100,159	$98,179		$140,250	$79,525		$111,082	$108,886	$155,544
FY09	25	$46,459	$96,479	$95,164		$140,250	$51,709		$107,382	$105,918	$156,100
FY10	25	$64,772	$102,624	$105,167		$150,811	$70,928		$112,378	$115,163	$165,145
FY11	25	$54,375	$104,195	$107,000		$153,506	$57,721		$110,607	$113,585	$162,953
FY12	25	$58,000	$104,323	$107,000		$135,521	$60,321		$108,498	$111,282	$140,944
FY13	25	$42,667	$102,752	$103,200		$169,000	$43,733		$105,321	$105,780	$173,226
FY14	25	$50,937	$103,458	$107,265		$139,080	$51,378		$104,352	$108,192	$140,282
FY15	25	$56,375	$106,212	$104,433		$150,522	$56,795		$107,003	$105,211	$151,643
							Change		5 Years, FY11-FY15		-7.37%
									10 Years, FY06-FY15		2.31%
~~Median Pay~~					~~Change in Pay~~			~~FY15 Distribution of Pay~~
~~Dollars in figures are in thousands.~~												Dollars in figures are in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. ~~Tabular~~Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay (expressed in constant, March 2019 dollars) for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant ~~2016~~2019 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, isare presented in solid blue. Detailed information about data sources is available above in "Data Tables and Visualizations." Data provided here are partial; complete data, FY2001-FY2018, are available to congressional requesters upon request.blue. Change in Pay visualizations for General Schedule, Washington, DC, and Members of Congress are based on calendar year change calculated in constant 2016 dollars; staff position is based on change by fiscal year. Detailed information about data sources is available above in "Data Tables and Visualizations."

Table 4. Casework Supervisor

$72,621

81,661

$87,875

Most Recent Five Years 84,653 62,017

FY17-FY18

FY14-FY18

FY09-FY18

FY04-FY18

FY01-FY18

-3.21%

3.83%

-9.81%

0.30%

13.49%

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay (expressed in constant, March 2019 dollars) for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2019 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, are presented in solid blue. Detailed information about data sources is available above in "Data Tables and Visualizations." Data provided here are partial; complete data, FY2001-FY2018, are available to congressional requesters upon request.

Table 5. Caseworker

FY17-FY18

FY14-FY18

FY09-FY18

FY04-FY18

FY01-FY18

-18.02%

-13.96%

-15.64%

-5.04%

6.52%

Table 6. Chief of Staff

FY17-FY18

FY14-FY18

FY09-FY18

FY04-FY18

FY01-FY18

-2.38%

-5.49%

-13.27%

-15.90%

-11.23%

			Nominal $						~~Constant~~ Nominal, Current $ Constant, 2019, $
Year	~~Obs~~	Number	Minimum	~~Average~~ 25 %ile	50 %ile Median		~~Maximum~~	75 %ile	~~Minimum~~ Maximum		Average	~~Median~~	Maximum
~~FY01~~ Minimum	25	%ile	~~$23,928~~	$50,594	$51,828		$83,000	50 %ile Median	~~$32,262~~ 75 %ile		~~$68,215~~ Maximum	~~$69,878~~	~~$111,908~~ Average
~~FY02~~ FY01	25		$28,334	~~$57,812~~ $23,928	$~~55,667~~ 45,479		$51,828		$56,550	$83,000	$50,594	$34,345	$65,279		$74,391	$81,169	$119,135	$87,625	$37,608		$76,734	$73,886	$116,305
FY03	24		$27,620	$58,399	$60,956		$82,750		$35,844		$75,786	$79,104	~~$107,387~~
FY04	25		$27,500	$~~60,683~~ 54,125	$62,549		$~~88,679~~	70,954	$~~34,762~~ 88,679		$~~76,708~~ 60,683	$~~79,066~~ 37,007	$~~112,096~~
FY05	25	72,836	$~~33,933~~ 84,172	$~~65,254~~ 95,483	$~~65,250~~ 119,335		$~~137,450~~		~~$41,488~~ FY09		~~$79,782~~ 25	$~~79,777~~ 55,750	$~~168,052~~
FY06	25	69,349	$79,000		$~~33,933~~ 109,356	$~~67,610~~ 79,269	$~~70,611~~ 66,057		$~~102,768~~	82,171	$~~40,191~~ 93,606		$~~80,079~~ 104,122	$~~83,634~~ 129,575	$~~121,722~~ 93,924
~~FY07~~	25		~~$33,741~~ FY14	~~$69,613~~ 25	$~~70,599~~		$103,461	35,500	$~~38,857~~ 66,427		$~~80,169~~ 75,719	$~~81,305~~ 86,800	$~~119,149~~
FY08	25	113,875	$~~50,708~~ 74,974	$~~73,334~~ 38,119	$71,~~789~~		$109,333	328	$~~56,238~~ 81,306		$~~81,331~~ 93,204	$~~79,617~~ 122,276	$~~121,256~~ 80,505
~~FY09~~ FY15	25		$55,750	~~$79,269~~ $37,829	$7964,000		$~~109,356~~		~~$62,050~~ 79,500		$~~88,227~~ 86,788	$~~87,928~~ 118,500	$~~121,715~~
FY10	25		$40,773	~~$80,992~~ 79,051 $40,572	$~~81,416~~ 68,640		$~~120,697~~		~~$44,648~~ 85,264		$~~88,690~~ 93,081	$~~89,154~~ 127,092	$~~132,169~~ 84,782
~~FY11~~ FY16	25		$~~40,773~~ 52,698	$~~76,233~~ 67,264	$~~74,154~~ 77,821		$~~122,000~~	90,251	$~~43,282~~ 127,500		$~~80,924~~ 81,928	$~~78,718~~ 55,815	$~~129,508~~
FY12	25	71,242	$~~40,000~~ 82,424	$~~74,940~~	$76,000		$127,000		$41,601		~~$77,939~~ 95,588	$79135,041	$~~132,082~~ 86,773
~~FY13~~ FY17	25		$~~34,187~~ 46,219	$~~68,184~~ 70,103	$~~72,000~~ 84,106		$~~95,583~~	90,815	$~~35,041~~ 115,167		$~~69,889~~ 81,630	$~~73,800~~ 47,931	$~~97,973~~
FY14	25	72,699	$~~35,500~~ 87,221	$~~74,974~~ 94,178	$~~75,719~~ 119,432		$~~113,875~~		~~$35,807~~ FY18		~~$75,622~~ 25	$~~76,374~~ 36,500	$~~114,859~~
~~FY15~~ $83,395	25	$96,754	$~~37,829~~ 155,750	$~~79,051~~ 84,682	$~~79,500~~ 36,950		$~~118,500~~	62,782	$~~38,111~~ 84,423		$~~79,640~~ 97,947	$~~80,092~~ 157,670	$~~119,382~~ 85,726
	Median Pay	FY18 Pay Distribution				Change						Dollars in figures are in thousands.								Nominal, Current $				Constant, 2019, $
Year	Number	Minimum	25 %ile	50 %ile Median		75 %ile	Maximum	Average	Minimum	25 %ile		50 %ile Median	75 %ile		Maximum	Average
FY01	25	$23,227	$27,873	$31,781		$39,900	$61,039	$34,342	$33,339	$40,007		$45,617	$57,271		$87,613	$49,293
FY04	25	$25,775	$31,250	$38,024		$41,982	$57,700	$38,761	$34,686	$42,053		$51,168	$56,495		$77,647	$52,160
FY09	20	$37,837	$41,875	$48,611		$55,411	$92,988	$52,042	$44,833	$49,617		$57,599	$65,656		$110,180	$61,664
Most Recent Five Years
FY14	24	$21,167	$41,340	$52,598		$62,125	$81,250	$53,187	$22,728	$44,390		$56,478	$66,708		$87,244	$57,111
FY15	21	$21,167	$42,083	$48,250		$66,485	$80,000	$52,439	$22,701	$45,135		$51,748	$71,306		$85,800	$56,241
FY16	25	$23,355	$39,583	$47,607		$62,955	$86,458	$50,554	$24,736	$41,924		$50,423	$66,678		$91,572	$53,543
FY17	21	$35,000	$41,958	$57,156		$68,523	$87,500	$56,058	$36,296	$43,512		$59,273	$71,061		$90,741	$58,135
FY18	22	$31,000	$43,437	$48,000		$64,850	$70,000	$51,829	$31,382	$43,973		$48,592	$65,649		$70,863	$52,468
Median Pay					FY18 Pay Distribution				Change						Dollars in figures are in thousands.								Nominal, Current $		Constant, 2019, $
Year	Number	Minimum	25 %ile	50 %ile Median		75 %ile	Maximum	Average	Minimum	25 %ile		50 %ile Median	75 %ile		Maximum	Average
FY01	25	$103,657	$124,270	$134,630		$138,000	$139,609	$130,841	$148,784	$178,372		$193,242	$198,079		$200,389	$187,803
FY04	25	$100,000	$142,000	$151,576		$152,526	$152,709	$145,165	$134,570	$191,089		$203,975	$205,253		$205,500	$195,347
FY09	25	$147,960	$165,305	$166,926		$167,305	$167,305	$164,532	$175,316	$195,867		$197,789	$198,237		$198,237	$194,952
Most Recent Five Years
FY14	25	$141,050	$161,214	$169,042		$169,459	$169,459	$164,932	$151,456	$173,108		$181,514	$181,961		$181,961	$177,100
FY15	25	$102,800	$167,000	$169,459		$169,459	$169,459	$162,671	$110,253	$179,108		$181,746	$181,746		$181,746	$174,466
FY16	25	$154,500	$166,000	$169,000		$169,459	$169,459	$166,857	$163,638	$175,818		$178,995	$179,481		$179,481	$176,725
FY17	25	$126,775	$165,743	$169,459		$169,459	$169,459	$165,680	$131,470	$171,882		$175,735	$175,735		$175,735	$171,816
FY18	25	$143,815	$166,957	$169,459		$169,459	$169,459	$166,646	$145,587	$169,015		$171,548	$171,548		$171,548	$168,700
Median Pay					FY18 Pay Distribution				Change						Dollars in figures are in thousands.										Change	5 Years, FY11-FY15	1.75%
											10 Years, FY06-FY15		-4.24%
											15 Years, FY01-FY15		14.62%
~~Median Pay~~						~~Change in Pay~~				~~FY15 Distribution of Pay~~
Dollars in figures are in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. In the visualizations, position pay information is based on constant 2016 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in blue. Change in Pay visualizations for General Schedule, Washington, DC, and Members of Congress are based on calendar year change calculated in constant 2016 dollars; staff position is based on median change by fiscal year. Detailed information about data sources is available above in "Data Tables and Visualizations."

~~Table 5. Caseworker~~

		Nominal $					Constant $
Year	Obs	Minimum	Average	Median		Maximum	Minimum		Average	Median	Maximum
FY01	25	$23,802	$34,979	$33,197		$50,200	$32,092		$47,162	$44,760	$67,684
FY02	25	$23,414	$34,963	$33,500		$59,968	$31,077		$46,407	$44,465	$79,596
FY03	25	$25,985	$37,602	$35,135		$58,964	$33,722		$48,797	$45,596	$76,519
FY04	25	$25,896	$39,605	$38,822		$63,100	$32,734		$50,063	$49,074	$79,763
FY05	25	$25,251	$39,871	$38,777		$57,500	$30,872		$48,748	$47,411	$70,302
FY06	25	$29,956	$44,725	$43,000		$74,313	$35,481		$52,974	$50,930	$88,019
FY07	25	$26,833	$43,262	$41,503		$65,603	$30,902		$49,823	$47,796	$75,551
FY08	25	$26,601	$46,851	$44,685		$72,337	$29,501		$51,960	$49,558	$80,225
FY09	25	$19,583	$44,897	$42,629		$76,847	$21,796		$49,971	$47,446	$85,532
FY10	25	$23,500	$47,926	$41,745		$90,800	$25,734		$52,481	$45,712	$99,430
FY11	25	$28,237	$44,809	$41,603		$87,450	$29,975		$47,567	$44,163	$92,832
FY12	25	$30,000	$44,187	$43,365		$87,465	$31,200		$45,956	$45,100	$90,965
FY13	25	$30,000	$46,201	$44,125		$85,000	$30,750		$47,357	$45,228	$87,125
FY14	25	$32,500	$48,662	$44,633		$89,179	$32,781		$49,083	$45,019	$89,949
FY15	25	$21,167	$47,047	$45,904		$83,084	$21,324		$47,397	$46,246	$83,703
							Change		5 Years, FY11-FY15		4.72%
									10 Years, FY06-FY15		-9.20%
									15 Years, FY01-FY15		3.32%
~~Median Pay~~					~~Change in Pay~~			~~FY15 Distribution of Pay~~
Dollars in figures are in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Tabular change is based on change in median pay expressed in constant dollars for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2016 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in blue. Change in Pay visualizations for General Schedule, Washington, DC, and Members of Congress are based on calendar year change calculated in constant 2016 dollars; staff position is based on change by fiscal year. Detailed information about data sources is available above in "Data Tables and Visualizations."

~~Table 6. Chief of Staff~~

		Nominal $					Constant $
Year	Obs	Minimum	Average	Median		Maximum	Minimum		Average	Median	Maximum
FY01	25	$103,657	$130,841	$134,630		$139,609	$139,759		$176,411	$181,520	$188,233
FY02	25	$109,875	$133,309	$136,241		$144,234	$145,837		$176,941	$180,833	$191,442
FY03	25	$124,000	$140,044	$144,234		$148,984	$160,918		$181,739	$187,176	$193,341
FY04	25	$100,000	$145,165	$151,576		$152,709	$126,407		$183,497	$191,601	$193,034
FY05	25	$107,100	$148,145	$153,559		$156,742	$130,945		$181,128	$187,748	$191,640
FY06	25	$130,600	$152,445	$157,486		$160,659	$154,687		$180,562	$186,532	$190,290
FY07	25	$138,871	$156,287	$160,659		$160,659	$159,928		$179,985	$185,020	$185,020
FY08	25	$145,833	$158,701	$159,863		$163,734	$161,737		$176,007	$177,296	$181,589
FY09	25	$147,960	$164,532	$166,926		$167,305	$164,681		$183,126	$185,791	$186,212
FY10	25	$156,930	$166,654	$169,428		$169,459	$171,846		$182,494	$185,532	$185,566
FY11	25	$138,500	$166,692	$169,459		$169,459	$147,023		$176,951	$179,888	$179,888
FY12	25	$140,417	$166,399	$169,459		$169,459	$146,036		$173,058	$176,240	$176,240
FY13	25	$128,844	$161,550	$166,500		$169,459	$132,065		$165,589	$170,663	$173,696
FY14	25	$141,050	$164,932	$169,042		$169,459	$142,269		$166,357	$170,503	$170,924
FY15	25	$102,800	$162,671	$169,459		$169,459	$103,565		$163,882	$170,721	$170,721
							Change		5 Years, FY11-FY15		-5.10%
									10 Years, FY06-FY15		-8.48%
									15 Years, FY01-FY15		-5.95%
~~Median Pay~~					~~Change in Pay~~			~~FY15 Distribution of Pay~~
Dollars in figures are in thousands.

~~Table 7. Communications Director~~

75 %ile

$142,726

Most Recent Five Years

120,625

$132,797

123,598 106,875

FY17-FY18

FY14-FY18

FY09-FY18

FY04-FY18

FY01-FY18

-0.38%

3.84%

-6.77%

4.65%

1.12%

Table 7. Communications Director

Nominal, Current $

~~Constant~~ Constant, 2019, $

Year

~~Obs~~

Number

Minimum

~~Average~~
25 %ile

50 %ile Median

~~Maximum~~

75 %ile

~~Minimum~~
Maximum

Average

~~Median~~
Minimum

~~Maximum~~

FY01

25 %ile

50 %ile Median

~~$42,189~~
Maximum

~~$83,784~~

$83,186

$128,974

Average

FY01

~~$56,883~~
25

$~~112,964~~

42,189

$~~112,159~~

72,441

$~~173,895~~

FY02

83,186

$94,455

$~~48,999~~

128,974

$~~88,399~~

83,784

$~~89,500~~

60,556

$~~134,826~~

103,979

$~~65,036~~

119,402

$~~117,332~~

135,577

$~~118,794~~

185,124

$~~178,955~~

120,259

~~FY03~~
FY04

~~$45,451~~

$56,908

$~~89,453~~

76,001

$85,733

$110,160

$84,860

$140,191

$58,984

$116,086

$110,125

$181,930

FY04

~~$56,908~~

$92,741

$~~85,733~~

76,581

$~~142,726~~

102,275

$~~71,935~~

115,371

$~~117,230~~

148,242

$~~108,373~~

192,065

$~~180,414~~

124,801

~~FY05~~
FY09

$58,083

~~$94,798~~

$75,400

$92,~~875~~

333

$~~147,206~~

109,296

$~~71,015~~

121,277

$~~115,905~~

156,687

$~~113,553~~

111,197

$~~179,980~~

FY06

89,340

$~~74,431~~

109,404

$~~103,309~~

129,503

$~~101,108~~

143,699

$~~152,000~~

$88,159

$122,363

$119,755

~~$180,034~~
185,656

$131,756

~~FY07~~
FY14

$~~53,068~~

80,000

$~~98,056~~

99,500

$~~95,917~~

108,288

$~~150,942~~

122,836

$~~61,115~~

157,137

$112,~~925~~

337

$~~110,461~~

85,902

$~~173,829~~

FY08

106,841

$~~72,500~~

116,277

$~~102,827~~

131,899

$~~97,798~~

168,730

$~~146,878~~

~~$80,406~~
FY15

~~$114,040~~
25

$~~108,463~~

95,675

$~~162,895~~

FY09

102,000

$121,065

$~~75,400~~

169,459

$~~111,197~~

122,710

$~~109,296~~

102,612

$~~156,687~~

109,395

$~~83,921~~

129,843

$~~123,764~~

142,426

$~~121,647~~

181,746

$~~174,394~~

131,607

~~FY10~~
FY16

~~$90,875~~

$75,344

$~~115,873~~

105,871

$116,~~996~~

250

$~~167~~127,500

$~~99,513~~

148,750

$~~126,886~~

116,696

$~~128,116~~

79,800

$~~183,421~~

FY11

112,133

$~~90,000~~

123,126

$~~113,114~~

135,041

$~~108,562~~

157,548

$~~168,547~~

~~$95,539~~
FY17

~~$120,075~~
25

$~~115,243~~

92,000

$~~178,920~~

~~FY12~~
$116,875

$128,000

$~~91,855~~

155,000

$~~115,597~~

118,145

$~~117,500~~

95,408

$~~147,184~~

110,833

$~~95,531~~

121,204

$~~120,223~~

132,741

$~~122,202~~

160,741

$~~153,074~~

122,520

~~FY13~~
FY18

$80,333

$116,213

$115,575

$164,568

$76,717

$~~82,342~~

107,000

$119,~~119~~

270

$~~118,465~~

126,960

$~~168,683~~

FY14

163,275

$~~80,000~~

117,207

$~~112,337~~

77,663

$108,~~288~~

$157,137

319

$~~80,691~~

120,740

$~~113,308~~

128,525

$~~109,223~~

165,288

$~~158,495~~

118,652

~~FY15~~

25
Median Pay

FY18 Pay Distribution

Change

Dollars in figures are in thousands.

$95,675

$122,710

$121,065

$169,459

$96,387

$123,624

$121,967

$170,721

Change

5 Years, FY11-FY15

5.83%

10 Years, FY06-FY15

1.85%

15 Years, FY01-FY15

8.74%

~~Median Pay~~

~~Change in Pay~~

~~FY15 Distribution of Pay~~

~~Dollars in figures are in thousands.~~

Table 8. ~~Counsel~~

Constituent Service Representative

75 %ile

38,652

FY17-FY18

FY14-FY18

FY09-FY18

FY04-FY18

FY01-FY18

-0.18%

11.96%

3.28%

15.97%

			Nominal $						~~Constant~~ Nominal, Current $ Constant, 2019, $
Year	~~Obs~~	Number	Minimum	~~Average~~ 25 %ile	50 %ile Median		~~Maximum~~	75 %ile	~~Minimum~~ Maximum		Average	~~Median~~ Minimum	~~Maximum~~
FY01	15	25 %ile	50 %ile Median	~~$25,000~~ Maximum	~~$67,125~~	$69,875		$93,833	Average	FY01	$~~33,707~~ 23,802		$~~90,504~~ 26,801	$~~94,212~~ 31,611	$~~126,514~~
FY02	25	37,367	$~~32,886~~ 45,180	$~~67,720~~ 31,778	$~~67,536~~ 34,165		$~~144,234~~	38,468	$~~43,649~~ 45,373		$~~89,885~~ 53,635	$~~89,641~~ 64,850	$~~191,442~~ 45,613
~~FY03~~	21	FY04	~~$25,000~~ 25	$~~81,319~~	$82,900		$148,984	23,410	$32,~~443~~ 031		$~~105,530~~ 37,863	$~~107,582~~ 42,000	$~~193,341~~
FY04	25	58,719	$~~45,000~~ 37,753	$~~84,890~~ 31,503	$~~81,127~~ 43,104		$~~152,526~~	50,951	$56,~~883~~		~~$107,306~~ 519	$~~102,550~~ 79,018	$~~192,802~~ 50,804
~~FY05~~ FY09	23	25	$~~45,000~~ 19,583	$~~81,559~~ 31,125	$~~76,386~~ 39,667		$~~134,375~~	44,000	$~~55,019~~ 71,208		$~~99,717~~ 40,223	$~~93,392~~ 23,204	$~~164,292~~
FY06	25	36,880	$~~42,458~~ 47,000	$~~86,828~~ 52,135	$~~78,454~~ 84,374		$~~144,792~~		$50,289		$102,842	$92,924	~~$171,497~~ 47,659 Most Recent Five Years
~~FY07~~ FY14	21	25	$~~45,000~~ 30,463	$~~92,050~~ 37,175	$~~88,167~~ 43,771		$~~145~~48,000		~~$51,824~~ $89,179		$~~106,007~~ 45,446	$~~101,536~~ 32,710	$~~166,987~~
FY08	25	39,918	$~~45,000~~ 47,001	$~~92,195~~ 51,541	$~~91,167~~ 95,758		$~~128,570~~		~~$49,907~~ 48,799 FY15		~~$102,249~~ 25	$~~101,108~~ 31,500	$~~142,591~~
~~FY09~~ $44,125	23	$47,960	$~~45,000~~ 83,084	$~~88,826~~ 44,926	$~~89,000~~ 33,784		$~~129,788~~	41,454	$~~50,085~~ 47,324		$~~98,864~~ 51,438	$~~99,058~~ 89,108	$~~144,455~~ 48,184
~~FY10~~ FY16	25		~~$45,000~~ $26,659	$~~86,043~~ 38,806	$~~85,250~~ 42,852		$~~141~~46,500		$~~49,277~~ 69,229		$~~94,221~~ 43,881	$~~93,353~~ 28,236	$41,101		$45,387	$49,250	$73,324	$46,476
FY17	25	$30,900	$44,456	$50,833		$54,187	$83,325	$49,863	$32,044	$46,103		$52,716	$56,194		$86,411	$51,710
FY18	25	$36,154	$41,310	$51,980		$56,500	$64,167	$49,749	$36,600	$41,819		$52,620	$57,196		$64,958	$50,362
Median Pay					FY18 Pay Distribution				Change						$154,949
FY11	21		$45,000	$81,035	$81,663		$138,000		$47,769		$86,022	$86,689	$146,493
FY12	25		$49,750	$87,312	$80,868		$151,275		$51,741		$90,806	$84,104	$157,329
FY13	21		$55,250	$83,353	$83,200		$109,000		$56,631		$85,437	$85,280	$111,726
FY14	25		$53,250	$90,638	$85,100		$153,120		$53,710		$91,421	$85,835	$154,444
FY15	25		$58,000	$93,777	$85,669		$154,659		$58,432		$94,475	$86,307	$155,811
									Change		5 Years, FY11-FY15		-0.44%
											10 Years, FY06-FY15		-7.12%
											15 Years, FY01-FY15		-8.39%
~~Median Pay~~						~~Change in Pay~~				~~FY15 Distribution of Pay~~
~~Dollars in figures are in thousands.~~														Dollars in figures are in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. ~~Tabular~~Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay (expressed in constant, March 2019 dollars) for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant ~~2016~~2019 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, isare presented in solid blue. Detailed information about data sources is available above in "Data Tables and Visualizations." Data provided here are partial; complete data, FY2001-FY2018, are available to congressional requesters upon request. Table 9. Counselblue. Change in Pay visualizations for General Schedule, Washington, DC, and Members of Congress are based on calendar year change calculated in constant 2016 dollars; staff position is based on change by fiscal year. Detailed information about data sources is available above in "Data Tables and Visualizations."

~~Table 9. Executive Assistant~~

75 %ile

FY17-FY18

FY14-FY18

FY09-FY18

FY04-FY18

FY01-FY18

4.94%

5.44%

-8.64%

-11.75%

-3.94%

Table 10. Executive Assistant

Minimum

			Nominal $						~~Constant~~ Nominal, Current $ Constant, 2019, $
Year	~~Obs~~	Number	Minimum	~~Average~~ 25 %ile	50 %ile Median		~~Maximum~~	75 %ile	~~Minimum~~ Maximum		Average	~~Median~~ Minimum	~~Maximum~~
FY01	25	25 %ile	50 %ile Median	~~$36,000~~ Maximum	~~$65,378~~	$60,480		$124,583	Average FY01	~~$48,538~~ 15		$~~88,149~~ 25,000	$~~81,544~~ 61,723	$~~167,974~~
FY02	25	69,875 $74,691	$~~32,880~~ 93,833	$~~62,934~~ 67,125	$~~57,608~~ 35,884		$~~139,492~~	88,595	$~~43,642~~100,296		$~~83,532~~107,209	$~~76,464~~134,684	$~~185,148~~96,349
~~FY03~~ FY04	25		$29,926	$70,414	$66,040		$148,984	$45,000 $66,952	$~~38,836~~ 81,127		$91,~~378~~	$85,702	$193,341
FY04	25	992	$~~32,262~~ 152,526	$~~76,616~~ 84,890	$~~75,250~~ 60,556		$~~152,709~~	90,097	$~~40,781~~109,173		$~~96,847~~123,793	$~~95,121~~205,253	$~~193,034~~114,236
~~FY05~~ FY09	25	23	$3445,000	$~~72,919~~ 77,313	$~~75,750~~ 89,000		$~~107,705~~	98,542	$~~41,570~~ 129,788		$~~89,154~~ 88,826	$~~92,615~~53,320	$~~131,685~~
FY06	25	91,607	$~~36,375~~ 105,455	$~~73,189~~ 116,761	$~~78,417~~ 153,784		$~~120,500~~		$43,084		$86,687	$92,879	~~$142,724~~ 105,248 Most Recent Five Years
~~FY07~~ FY14	25		~~$37,176~~ $53,250	$~~83,038~~ 77,000	$~~81,880~~ 85,100		$~~160,659~~	101,734	$~~42,813~~ 153,120		$~~95,630~~ 90,638	$~~94,296~~57,179	$82,681		$91,378	$109,240	$164,417	$97,325
FY15	25	$58,000	$79,417	$85,669		$113,333	$154,659	$93,777	$62,205	$85,175		$91,881	$121,551		$165,873	$100,576
FY16	25	$52,500	$73,646	$87,500		$97,083	$134,932	$88,773	$55,605	$78,002		$92,675	$102,825		$142,913	$94,024
FY17	25	$66,500	$84,728	$88,535		$96,169	$142,271	$93,268	$68,963	$87,866		$91,814	$99,731		$147,540	$96,722
FY18	16	$55,000	$80,221	$95,172		$99,808	$114,392	$90,265	$55,678	$81,210		$96,345	$101,038		$115,802	$91,377
Median Pay					FY18 Pay Distribution				Change						Dollars in figures are in thousands.				Nominal, Current $	Constant, 2019, $	Year	Number	Minimum	25 %ile	50 %ile Median	75 %ile	Maximum	Average	$185,020
FY08	25		$40,928	$87,763	$85,833		$163,563		$45,391		$97,334	$95,193	$181,400
FY09	25		$42,272	$91,183	$86,817		$167,305		$47,049		$101,488	$96,628	$186,212
FY10	25		$33,458	$90,428	$88,531		$169,459		$36,638		$99,023	$96,946	$185,566
FY11	25		$37,500	$84,788	$77,000		$169,459		$39,808		$90,006	$81,739	$179,888
FY12	25		$37,500	$87,805	$86,000		$169,459		$39,001		$91,319	$89,441	$176,240
FY13	22		$37,667	$85,565	$81,372		$169,459		$38,608		$87,705	$83,407	$173,696
FY14	23		$32,750	$85,535	$79,110		$169,459		$33,033		$86,274	$79,794	$170,924
FY15	21		$42,983	$85,603	$74,710		$169,459		$43,303		$86,240	$75,266	$170,721
									Change		5 Years, FY11-FY15		-7.92%
											10 Years, FY06-FY15		-18.96%
											15 Years, FY01-FY15		-7.70%
~~Median Pay~~						~~Change in Pay~~				~~FY15 Distribution of Pay~~
Dollars in figures are in thousands.

~~Table 10. Field Representative~~

Average

$93,841

FY17-FY18

FY14-FY18

FY09-FY18

FY04-FY18

FY01-FY18

7.85%

-19.03%

-33.13%

-32.08%

-20.77%

			Nominal $						Constant $
Year	Obs		Minimum	Average	Median		Maximum		Minimum		Average	Median	Maximum
FY01	25		25 %ile		50 %ile Median	75 %ile		Maximum	$20,519	$42,290	$41,337		$70,466		$27,666		$57,019	$55,734	~~$95,009~~
~~FY02~~ FY01	25		$~~22,746~~ 36,000	$~~38,968~~ 51,486	$~~38,625~~ 60,480		$~~56,250~~	79,529	$~~30,191~~ 124,583		$~~51,722~~ 65,378	$51,673	$73,901		$86,810	$114,153		$178,822	$51,267	$74,661
FY03	25		$23,898	$43,528	$45,292		$73,897		$31,013		$56,487	$58,777	~~$95,898~~
FY04	25		~~$21,518~~ $32,262	$~~46,831~~ 60,167	$~~49,562~~ 75,250		$~~87,500~~	89,299	$~~27,200~~ 152,709		$~~59,198~~ 76,616	$~~62,650~~43,415	$~~110,606~~80,967	$101,263	$120,170		$205,500	$103,102
FY09	25	$42,272	$67,151	$86,817		$105,750	$167,305	$91,183	$50,087	$79,566		$102,868	$125,302		$198,237	$108,042
Most Recent Five Years
FY14	23	$32,750	$59,062	$79,110		$111,741	$169,459	$85,535	$35,166	$63,420		$84,947	$119,985		$181,961	$91,845
FY15	21	$42,983	$55,375	$70,000		$107,544	$169,459	$84,837	$46,100	$59,390		$75,075	$115,342		$181,746	$90,988
FY16	21	$33,752	$60,657	$80,559		$126,000	$169,459	$92,915	$35,749	$64,245		$85,323	$133,452		$179,481	$98,411
FY17	19	$36,750	$48,099	$61,500		$100,426	$169,459	$79,059	$38,111	$49,881		$63,778	$104,146		$175,735	$81,987
FY18	18	$38,250	$57,811	$67,946		$79,018	$169,459	$78,477	$38,721	$58,524		$68,783	$79,992		$171,548	$79,445
Median Pay					FY18 Pay Distribution				Change
FY05	25		$26,228	$44,154	$43,500		$68,608		$32,067		$53,984	$53,185	$83,883
FY06	25		$29,199	$47,152	$43,875		$73,075		$34,585		$55,848	$51,967	$86,552
FY07	25		$19,562	$49,139	$47,931		$76,250		$22,529		$56,590	$55,199	$87,812
FY08	25		$36,113	$53,956	$52,859		$80,750		$40,052		$59,840	$58,623	$89,556
FY09	25		$29,495	$55,405	$53,500		$91,750		$32,829		$61,667	$59,546	$102,119
FY10	25		$30,712	$58,025	$58,750		$102,500		$33,632		$63,540	$64,334	$112,242
FY11	25		$32,250	$54,968	$54,504		$74,927		$34,235		$58,351	$57,858	$79,538
FY12	25		$31,750	$55,790	$53,768		$79,670		$33,021		$58,023	$55,919	$82,858
FY13	25		$33,500	$55,482	$53,000		$83,000		$34,337		$56,869	$54,325	$85,075
FY14	25		$34,833	$60,554	$56,458		$93,948		$35,134		$61,078	$56,946	$94,760
FY15	25		$35,615	$58,997	$59,678		$89,458		$35,881		$59,437	$60,122	$90,124
									Change		5 Years, FY11-FY15		3.91%
											10 Years, FY06-FY15		15.69%
											15 Years, FY01-FY15		7.87%
~~Median Pay~~						~~Change in Pay~~				~~FY15 Distribution of Pay~~
~~Dollars in figures are in thousands.~~														Dollars in figures are in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. ~~Tabular~~Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay (expressed in constant, March 2019 dollars) for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant ~~2016~~2019 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, isare presented in solid blue. Detailed information about data sources is available above in "Data Tables and Visualizations." Data provided here are partial; complete data, FY2001-FY2018, are available to congressional requesters upon request. Table 11. Field Representativeblue. Change in Pay visualizations for General Schedule, Washington, DC, and Members of Congress are based on calendar year change calculated in constant 2016 dollars; staff position is based on change by fiscal year. Detailed information about data sources is available above in "Data Tables and Visualizations."

~~Table 11. Legislative Assistant~~

FY17-FY18

FY14-FY18

FY09-FY18

FY04-FY18

FY01-FY18

-3.86%

-6.49%

-10.57%

-15.00%

-4.45%

Table 12. Legislative Assistant

FY17-FY18

FY14-FY18

FY09-FY18

FY04-FY18

FY01-FY18

8.04%

6.94%

-1.80%

-2.27%

-0.80%

Table 13. Legislative Correspondent

FY17-FY18

FY14-FY18

FY09-FY18

FY04-FY18

FY01-FY18

-2.13%

-1.86%

-1.55%

-0.33%

2.21%

Table 14. Legislative Director

			Nominal $						~~Constant~~ Nominal, Current $ Constant, 2019, $
Year	~~Obs~~	Number	Minimum	~~Average~~ 25 %ile	50 %ile Median		~~Maximum~~	75 %ile	~~Minimum~~ Maximum		Average	~~Median~~	Maximum
~~FY01~~ Minimum	25	%ile	~~$31,916~~	$55,641	$54,032		$83,533		~~$43,032~~ 50 %ile Median		~~$75,021~~ 75 %ile	~~$72,850~~ Maximum	~~$112,626~~ Average
~~FY02~~ FY01	25		~~$32,706~~ $20,519	$~~54,456~~ 35,839	$~~52,592~~ 41,337		$~~92,917~~	48,744	$~~43,411~~ 70,466		$~~72,279~~	$69,805	$123,329
FY03	25	42,290	$29,~~996~~ 452	$~~57,178~~ 51,441	$~~52,337~~ 59,333		$~~117,500~~	69,965	$~~38,926~~ 101,144		$~~74,201~~	$67,920	~~$152,483~~ 60,701
FY04	25		~~$30,203~~ $21,518	$~~66,495~~ 33,793	$~~58,500~~ 49,562		$~~135,000~~	54,449	$~~38,178~~ 87,500		$~~84,053~~ 46,831	$28,956	$45,474	$66,696	$73,272	$117,748	$63,021
FY09	25	$29,495	$45,378	$53,500		$65,434	$91,750	$55,405	$34,949	$53,768		$63,391	$77,532	$108,713	$65,649
Most Recent Five Years
FY14	25	$34,833	$50,247	$56,458		$73,500	$93,948	$60,554	$37,403	$53,955		$60,624	$78,923	$100,880	$65,022
FY15	25	$35,615	$44,500	$59,678		$73,000	$89,458	$58,997	$38,198	$47,726		$64,004	$78,293	$95,944	$63,275
FY16	24	$33,476	$41,076	$47,833		$69,750	$98,125	$55,119	$35,456	$43,505		$50,662	$73,875	$103,929	$58,379
FY17	25	$37,691	$48,375	$56,863		$68,437	$87,500	$58,369	$39,087	$50,167		$58,969	$70,972	$90,741	$60,531
FY18	25	$38,083	$47,000	$56,000		$70,625	$93,042	$60,296	$38,553	$47,579		$56,690	$71,495	$94,188	$61,039
Median Pay					FY18 Pay Distribution				Change					Dollars in figures are in thousands.				Nominal, Current $		Constant, 2019, $
Year	Number	Minimum	25 %ile	50 %ile Median		75 %ile	Maximum	Average	Minimum	25 %ile		50 %ile Median	75 %ile	Maximum	Average
FY01	25	$31,916	$46,440	$54,032		$65,250	$83,533	$55,641	$45,811	$66,658		$77,555	$93,657	$119,899	$79,865
FY04	25	$30,203	$49,871	$58,500		$76,436	$135,000	$66,495	$40,644	$67,111		$78,723	$102,859	$181,669	$89,481
FY09	25	$50,042	$57,228	$66,125		$77,500	$106,916	$69,293	$59,294	$67,809		$78,351	$91,829	$126,683	$82,104
Most Recent Five Years
FY14	25	$30,333	$61,667	$67,000		$73,331	$87,500	$66,806	$32,571	$66,216		$71,943	$78,741	$93,955	$71,735
FY15	25	$58,755	$65,000	$67,667		$76,083	$103,375	$71,209	$63,015	$69,713		$72,573	$81,600	$110,870	$76,372
FY16	25	$50,667	$60,000	$73,000		$79,619	$106,383	$71,792	$53,663	$63,548		$77,317	$84,328	$112,675	$76,038
FY17	25	$44,420	$55,000	$68,667		$87,875	$120,901	$71,667	$46,066	$57,037		$71,210	$91,130	$125,379	$74,321
FY18	25	$53,333	$65,500	$76,000		$84,254	$122,901	$76,770	$53,991	$66,307		$76,937	$85,292	$124,415	$77,716
Median Pay					FY18 Pay Distribution				Change					Dollars in figures are in thousands.				Nominal, Current $		Constant, 2019, $
Year	Number	Minimum	25 %ile	50 %ile Median		75 %ile	Maximum	Average	Minimum	25 %ile		50 %ile Median	75 %ile	Maximum	Average
FY01	25	$22,344	$27,496	$29,250		$32,500	$41,250	$30,560	$32,071	$39,467		$41,984	$46,649	$59,208	$43,865
FY04	25	$25,327	$29,779	$31,994		$35,320	$56,467	$34,350	$34,083	$40,074		$43,055	$47,530	$75,987	$46,224
FY09	25	$30,156	$35,381	$36,786		$40,530	$49,750	$38,093	$35,731	$41,922		$43,587	$48,024	$58,948	$45,136
Most Recent Five Years
FY14	25	$32,388	$35,806	$40,722		$41,904	$58,333	$40,412	$34,778	$38,448		$43,726	$44,996	$62,637	$43,393
FY15	25	$33,875	$36,875	$38,668		$42,000	$52,000	$39,794	$36,331	$39,549		$41,471	$45,045	$55,770	$42,679
FY16	25	$34,265	$37,348	$39,589		$43,650	$45,500	$39,947	$36,292	$39,556		$41,930	$46,231	$48,191	$42,309
FY17	25	$30,000	$39,000	$42,281		$45,156	$62,250	$42,879	$31,111	$40,444		$43,847	$46,829	$64,556	$44,468
FY18	25	$33,855	$38,400	$42,389		$45,687	$52,458	$42,409	$34,273	$38,873		$42,911	$46,250	$53,104	$42,931
Median Pay					FY18 Pay Distribution				Change					Dollars in figures are in thousands.				$73,948	$170,649
FY05	25		$38,933	$62,584	$58,788		$113,636		$47,601		$76,517	$71,876	$138,936
FY06	25		$35,376	$64,299	$60,625		$129,356		$41,900		$76,158	$71,806	$153,214
FY07	25		$40,333	$64,727	$68,000		$128,270		$46,449		$74,542	$78,311	$147,720
FY08	25		$49,688	$69,144	$66,971		$106,532		$55,106		$76,684	$74,274	$118,150
FY09	25		$50,042	$69,293	$66,125		$106,916		$55,697		$77,123	$73,598	$118,998
FY10	25		$55,021	$75,900	$77,344		$110,528		$60,250		$83,114	$84,696	$121,033
FY11	25		$46,042	$70,272	$70,396		$112,078		$48,875		$74,596	$74,728	$118,975
FY12	25		$46,667	$73,228	$74,000		$120,828		$48,534		$76,158	$76,961	$125,663
FY13	25		$42,333	$65,043	$65,640		$87,750		$43,392		$66,669	$67,281	$89,944
FY14	25		$30,333	$66,806	$67,000		$87,500		$30,595		$67,383	$67,579	$88,256
FY15	25		$58,755	$71,209	$67,667		$103,375		$59,193		$71,739	$68,170	$104,145
									Change		5 Years, FY11-FY15		-8.78%
											10 Years, FY06-FY15		-5.06%
											15 Years, FY01-FY15		-6.42%
~~Median Pay~~						~~Change in Pay~~				~~FY15 Distribution of Pay~~
Dollars in figures are in thousands.

~~Table 12. Legislative Correspondent~~

		Nominal $					Constant $
Year	Obs	Minimum	Average	Median		Maximum	Minimum		Average	Median	Maximum
FY01	25	$22,344	$30,560	$29,250		$41,250	$30,126		$41,204	$39,437	$55,617
FY02	25	$25,833	$31,677	$29,874		$44,525	$34,289		$42,044	$39,652	$59,098
FY03	25	$25,391	$32,950	$32,000		$46,853	$32,951		$42,760	$41,527	$60,803
FY04	25	$25,327	$34,350	$31,994		$56,467	$32,015		$43,420	$40,443	$71,377
FY05	25	$27,000	$32,787	$32,327		$43,585	$33,011		$40,086	$39,525	$53,289
FY06	25	$26,823	$34,706	$33,973		$47,070	$31,770		$41,108	$40,239	$55,751
FY07	25	$30,337	$36,061	$34,689		$44,500	$34,937		$41,529	$39,949	$51,248
FY08	25	$31,350	$38,316	$38,000		$52,250	$34,769		$42,494	$42,144	$57,948
FY09	25	$30,156	$38,093	$36,786		$49,750	$33,563		$42,398	$40,943	$55,372
FY10	25	$30,484	$39,817	$39,850		$50,500	$33,381		$43,602	$43,638	$55,300
FY11	25	$31,500	$37,460	$37,000		$51,250	$33,439		$39,766	$39,277	$54,404
FY12	25	$29,250	$37,616	$35,786		$53,417	$30,421		$39,122	$37,218	$55,554
FY13	25	$34,000	$39,396	$37,787		$49,083	$34,850		$40,381	$38,732	$50,311
FY14	25	$32,388	$40,412	$40,722		$58,333	$32,668		$40,761	$41,073	$58,837
FY15	25	$33,875	$39,794	$38,668		$52,000	$34,127		$40,090	$38,956	$52,387
							Change		5 Years, FY11-FY15		-0.82%
									10 Years, FY06-FY15		-3.19%
									15 Years, FY01-FY15		-1.22%
~~Median Pay~~					~~Change in Pay~~			~~FY15 Distribution of Pay~~
Dollars in figures are in thousands.

~~Table 13. Legislative Director~~

		Nominal $					Constant $
Year	Obs	Minimum	Average	Median		Maximum	Minimum		Average	Median	Maximum
FY01	25	$70,417	$97,697	$96,988		$138,459	$94,942		$131,724	$130,768	$186,683
FY02	25	$88,750	$106,021	$104,925		$140,542	$117,798		$140,722	$139,267	$186,542
FY03	25	$63,821	$102,688	$106,396		$130,986	$82,823		$133,262	$138,072	$169,985
FY04	25	$67,401	$107,803	$105,695		$140,245	$85,200		$136,271	$133,605	$177,279
FY05	25	$46,028	$114,528	$119,391		$156,559	$56,275		$140,027	$145,973	$191,415
FY06	25	$87,083	$118,402	$117,038		$152,430	$103,144		$140,240	$138,624	$180,544
FY07	25	$76,166	$114,607	$117,333		$146,601	$87,716		$131,985	$135,125	$168,831
FY08	25	$88,042	$125,774	$122,500		$160,395	$97,643		$139,490	$135,859	$177,887
FY09	25	$98,743	$135,702	$134,583		$167,305	$109,902		$151,037	$149,793	$186,212
FY10	25	$105,000	$138,951	$134,500		$169,459	$114,980		$152,158	$147,284	$185,566
FY11	25	$96,458	$129,435	$130,000		$169,459	$102,394		$137,400	$138,000	$179,888
FY12	25	$99,667	$133,606	$131,500		$169,459	$103,655		$138,953	$136,762	$176,240
FY13	25	$94,854	$128,555	$130,000		$156,205	$97,226		$131,769	$133,250	$160,111
FY14	25	$100,000	$128,618	$132,000		$155,750	$100,864		$129,730	$133,141	$157,096
FY15	25	$106,583	$132,473	$137,000		$162,625	$107,377		$133,460	$138,020	$163,836
							Change		5 Years, FY11-FY15		0.01%
									10 Years, FY06-FY15		-0.44%
									15 Years, FY01-FY15		5.55%
~~Median Pay~~					~~Change in Pay~~			~~FY15 Distribution of Pay~~
Dollars in figures are in thousands.

~~Table 14. Press Secretary~~

50 %ile Median

$124,167

$141,479

FY17-FY18

FY14-FY18

FY09-FY18

FY04-FY18

FY01-FY18

4.81%

5.12%

-6.56%

4.76%

7.03%

Table 15. Press Secretary

Minimum

			Nominal, Current $						~~Constant~~ Constant, 2019, $
Year	~~Obs~~	Number	Minimum	~~Average~~ 25 %ile	50 %ile Median		~~Maximum~~	75 %ile	~~Minimum~~ Maximum		Average	~~Median~~	Maximum
FY01	25		$21,120	$64,528	$66,625		$92,242		~~$28,476~~ Minimum		25 %ile		~~$87,003~~ 75 %ile	~~$89,830~~ Maximum	~~$124,369~~ Average
~~FY02~~ FY01	25		~~$38,042~~ $70,417	$~~69,220~~ 90,429	$~~72,533~~ 96,988		$~~102,667~~	106,671	$~~50,493~~ 138,459		$~~91,876~~ 97,697	$~~96,273~~ 101,073	$~~136,270~~
FY03	25	129,798	$~~41,983~~ 139,213	$~~70,863~~ 153,111	$~~68,893~~ 198,738		$~~100,000~~		~~$54,483~~ 140,231 FY04		~~$91,961~~ 25	$~~89,404~~ 67,401	$~~129,773~~
FY04	25	92,751	$105,695		$~~41,098~~ 140,245	$~~67,127~~ 107,803	$~~62,523~~ 90,702		$~~109,734~~	124,815	$~~51,950~~ 142,233		$~~84,854~~ 167,090	$~~79,033~~ 188,727	$~~138,711~~ 145,071
~~FY05~~ FY09	25		$~~47,280~~ 98,743	$~~73,719~~ 122,544	$~~70,625~~ 134,583		$~~116,347~~	150,654	$~~57,807~~ 167,305		$~~90,132~~ 135,702	$~~86,349~~ 116,999	$~~142,251~~
FY06	25	145,201	$~~38,667~~ 159,466	$~~65,042~~ 178,508	$~~63,917~~ 198,237		$~~112,446~~		$45,798		$77,039	$75,705	~~$133,185~~ 160,791 Most Recent Five Years
~~FY07~~ FY14	25		~~$44,958~~ $100,000	$~~70,928~~ 118,750	$61132,000		$~~125,644~~	139,569	$~~51,775~~ 155,750		$~~81,683~~ 128,618	$~~70,250~~ 107,378	$~~144,696~~
FY08	25	127,511	$~~53,333~~ 141,739	$~~70,951~~ 149,866	$~~66,323~~ 167,241		$~~147,569~~		~~$59,149~~ 138,107 FY15		~~$78,689~~ 25	$~~73,555~~ 106,583	$~~163,661~~
FY09	25	119,135	$137,000		$~~38,452~~ 162,625	$~~71,592~~ 132,473	$~~67,453~~ 114,311		$~~131,000~~	127,773	$~~42,797~~ 146,933		$~~79,683~~ 151,737	$~~75,076~~ 174,416	$~~145,804~~ 142,078
~~FY10~~ FY16	25	$101,375	$125,380	$138,923		$151,167	$165,647	$138,102	$107,371	$132,795		$147,140	$160,107		$175,444	$146,270
FY17	25	$104,667	$125,000	$137,083		$146,007	$168,679	$136,547	$108,543	$129,630		$142,161	$151,415		$174,926	$141,605
FY18	25	$97,122	$130,001	$147,188		$150,588	$169,459	$141,493	$98,319	$131,603		$149,002	$152,444		$171,548	$143,237
Median Pay					FY18 Pay Distribution				Change						Dollars in figures are in thousands.		Nominal, Current $	Constant, 2019, $	Year	Number	Minimum	25 %ile	50 %ile Median	75 %ile	Maximum	Average	25	$41,000	$73,021	$70,096	$138,419	$44,897	$79,961	$76,758	$151,575
FY11	24		$46,808	$65,442	$61,896		$110,591		$49,689		$69,470	$65,705	$117,397
FY12	25		$40,000	$64,934	$59,083		$118,000		$41,601		$67,533	$61,448	$122,722
FY13	25		$39,221	$64,690	$59,500		$127,500		$40,202		$66,308	$60,988	$130,688
FY14	25		$50,333	$71,385	$62,914		$130,000		$50,768		$72,002	$63,458	$131,123
FY15	25		$53,610	$73,754	$71,650		$127,813		$54,009		$74,303	$72,183	$128,765
									Change		5 Years, FY11-FY15		9.86%
											10 Years, FY06-FY15		-4.65%
											15 Years, FY01-FY15		-19.64%
~~Median Pay~~						~~Change in Pay~~				~~FY15 Distribution of Pay~~
Dollars in figures are in thousands.

~~Table 15. Scheduler~~

Average

$80,917

$76,856

FY18 Pay Distribution

Change

Nominal $

Constant $

Year

Obs

Minimum

Average

Median

Maximum

Minimum

Average

Median

Maximum

FY01

25 %ile

50 %ile Median

75 %ile

Maximum

$29,690

$50,705

$50,917

$75,308

$40,031

$68,365

$68,650

~~$101,537~~

~~FY02~~
FY01

~~$31,625~~

$21,120

$~~54,661~~

48,125

$~~52,875~~

66,625

$~~83,000~~

77,143

$~~41,976~~

92,242

$~~72,552~~

64,528

$~~70,181~~

30,315

$~~110,166~~

FY03

69,077

$~~20,000~~

95,631

$~~55,495~~

110,728

$~~51,292~~

132,401

$~~86,488~~

~~$25,954~~
92,621

FY04

~~$72,017~~
25

$~~66,563~~

41,098

$~~112,237~~

FY04

51,150

$62,523

$~~39,583~~

109,734

$~~64,745~~

67,127

$~~63,167~~

55,305

$~~120,280~~

68,832

$~~50,036~~

84,137

$~~81,842~~

108,890

$~~79,847~~

147,668

$~~152,042~~

90,333

~~FY05~~
FY09

~~$35,508~~

$38,452

$~~60,678~~

59,500

$~~59,594~~

67,453

$~~93,865~~

82,852

$~~43,413~~

131,000

$~~74,188~~

71,592

$~~72,862~~

45,561

$~~114,764~~

FY06

70,501

$~~44,026~~

79,924

$~~64,998~~

98,171

$~~64,825~~

155,220

$~~102,673~~

$52,146

$76,985

$76,781

~~$121,609~~
84,829

Most Recent Five Years

~~FY07~~
FY14

~~$29,021~~

$50,333

$~~61,579~~

56,916

$62,~~357~~

$106,447

914

$~~33,421~~

78,182

$~~70,916~~

130,000

$71,~~812~~

385

$~~122,588~~

FY08

54,047

$~~37,975~~

61,115

$~~72,018~~

67,556

$~~74,594~~

83,951

$~~112,096~~

$42,116

$79,872

$82,729

~~$124,320~~
139,591

$76,652

~~FY09~~
FY15

~~$28,468~~

$53,610

$~~76,762~~

62,833

$~~78,250~~

71,650

$~~162,986~~

78,802

$~~31,685~~

127,813

$~~85,437~~

73,754

$~~87,093~~

57,497

$~~181,405~~

FY10

67,389

$~~34,916~~

76,845

$~~78,105~~

84,516

$~~76,887~~

137,080

$~~125,701~~

~~$38,235~~
79,102

FY16

~~$85,528~~
25

$~~84,195~~

53,771

$~~137,648~~

FY11

65,937

$69,375

$~~38,000~~

132,125

$~~76,168~~

75,205

$~~72,500~~

56,951

$~~159,333~~

69,837

$~~40,339~~

73,478

$~~80,855~~

81,401

$~~76,962~~

139,939

$~~169,139~~

79,653

~~FY12~~
FY17

$38,792

$77,970

~~$76~~

$52,389

$66,000

$~~135,000~~

75,737

$~~40,344~~

88,000

$~~81,091~~

132,192

$79,~~041~~

425

$~~140,402~~

FY13

54,329

$~~33,641~~

68,444

$~~72,157~~

78,543

$~~67,500~~

91,259

$~~130,000~~

$34,482

$73,962

$69,188

~~$133,251~~
137,088

$82,367

~~FY14~~
FY18

~~$35,262~~

$48,093

$~~77,111~~

61,197

$~~75,546~~

69,306

$~~131,812~~

87,000

$~~35,567~~

142,404

$~~77,777~~

74,966

$~~76,199~~

48,686

$~~132,952~~

FY15

61,951

$~~42,925~~

70,160

$~~76,226~~

88,072

$~~70,708~~

144,160

$75,890

Median Pay

$134,921

$43,245

$76,794

$71,235

$135,925

~~Change~~

5 Years, FY11-FY15

-7.44%

10 Years, FY06-FY15

-7.22%

15 Years, FY01-FY15

3.76%

~~Median Pay~~

~~Change in Pay~~

~~FY15 Distribution of Pay~~

FY17-FY18

FY14-FY18

FY09-FY18

FY04-FY18

FY01-FY18

-10.67%

3.85%

-12.22%

-16.61%

-26.63%

Dollars in figures are in thousands.

Table 16. ~~Specials Director~~

Scheduler

Average

FY17-FY18

FY14-FY18

FY09-FY18

FY04-FY18

FY01-FY18

-11.24%

1.18%

-11.48%

-3.44%

12.30%

Table 17. Staff Assistant

FY17-FY18

FY14-FY18

FY09-FY18

FY04-FY18

FY01-FY18

4.68%

5.63%

-0.64%

-14.68%

-0.35%

Table 18. State Director

FY17-FY18

FY14-FY18

FY09-FY18

FY04-FY18

FY01-FY18

-0.60%

2.99%

4.38%

5.81%

23.50%

Author Contact Information

R. Eric Petersen, Coordinator, Specialist in American National Government ([email address scrubbed], [phone number scrubbed])

Raymond T. Williams, Research Assistant ([email address scrubbed], [phone number scrubbed])

Acknowledgments

In addition to the listed authors, a number of CRS staff made substantial contributions to this report. Sandra L. Edwards, User Support Specialist, and Michael M. McCarthy, Editor, provided formatting and editorial support. Amber Hope Wilhelm, Visual Information Specialist, created the visualizations. Lara Chausow, former Research Assistant, was a coauthor of this report and collected some of the data provided. Casey Burgat, former Research Assistant, provided update support. Claudia Guidi, formerly a User Support Specialist, and Alex Marine, former Publications Editor, provided formatting and editorial support. Jacobo Licona, Brian Hamel, Joe Wisniewski, and Claire Laurence, former CRS interns, collected data for this report.

Footnotes

Since 2017, the minimum level of gross annual pay has been $2,921 for Senate staff. The maximum annual pay for staff in a Senator's personal office has since 2009 been $169,459, 2 U.S.C. 4575. Maximum payable rates for staff in a Senator's office since 2001 are available in Table 1. For discussion of resources available to Members to carry out their official duties, see CRS Report RL30064

			Nominal, Current $						~~Constant~~ Constant, 2019, $
Year	~~Obs~~	Number	Minimum	~~Average~~ 25 %ile	50 %ile Median		~~Maximum~~	75 %ile	~~Minimum~~ Maximum		Average	~~Median~~ Minimum	~~Maximum~~
~~FY01~~ 25 %ile 50 %ile Median	23 75 %ile	Maximum	~~$32,322~~	$55,308	~~$49,538~~ FY01		~~$107,883~~	25	$~~43,579~~ 29,690		$~~74,571~~ 42,167	$~~66,791~~ 50,917	$~~145,457~~
FY02	25	54,670	$~~25,167~~ 75,308	$~~54,933~~ 50,705	$~~49,498~~ 42,616		$~~116,095~~	60,524	$~~33,404~~73,084		$~~72,913~~78,471	$~~65,699~~108,094	$~~154,094~~72,780
~~FY03~~ FY04	22	25	$~~26,667~~ 39,583	$~~53,825~~ 48,250	$~~47,619~~ 63,167		$~~122,214~~	77,292	$~~34,606~~ 120,280		$~~69,850~~ 64,745	$~~61,796~~53,267	$64,930	$85,003	$104,011	$161,860	$87,128
FY09	25	$28,468	$55,653	$78,250		$87,372	$162,986	$76,762	$33,731	$65,942		$92,717	$103,526	$193,119	$90,955
Most Recent Five Years
FY14	25	$35,262	$58,432	$75,546		$91,500	$131,812	$77,111	$37,864	$62,743		$81,120	$98,251	$141,537	$82,800
FY15	25	$42,925	$52,596	$70,708		$90,000	$134,921	$76,226	$46,038	$56,410		$75,835	$96,525	$144,703	$81,753
FY16	20	$39,716	$56,775	$69,017		$88,068	$137,897	$74,235	$42,065	$60,133		$73,099	$93,276	$146,053	$78,626
FY17	15	$45,335	$71,778	$89,167		$98,415	$140,632	$87,838	$47,014	$74,437		$92,469	$102,060	$145,841	$91,092
FY18	20	$45,268	$67,356	$81,076		$93,322	$151,993	$84,916	$45,826	$68,186		$82,075	$94,472	$153,867	$85,963
Median Pay					FY18 Pay Distribution				Change					Dollars in figures are in thousands.				Nominal, Current $			Constant, 2019, $
Year	Number	Minimum	25 %ile	50 %ile Median		75 %ile	Maximum	Average	Minimum	25 %ile		50 %ile Median	75 %ile	Maximum	Average
FY01	25	$22,000	$26,875	$28,985		$33,008	$51,275	$31,205	$31,578	$38,575		$41,604	$47,379	$73,598	$44,791
FY04	25	$21,000	$28,792	$36,107		$44,142	$62,917	$36,668	$28,260	$38,745		$48,590	$59,402	$84,667	$49,344
FY09	25	$18,683	$32,777	$35,216		$40,529	$56,500	$37,386	$22,137	$38,837		$41,727	$48,022	$66,946	$44,298
Most Recent Five Years
FY14	25	$28,114	$34,010	$36,551		$43,093	$75,000	$39,920	$30,188	$36,519		$39,247	$46,272	$80,533	$42,865
FY15	25	$27,025	$32,375	$37,000		$40,917	$75,000	$38,956	$28,984	$34,722		$39,683	$43,883	$80,438	$41,780
FY16	25	$24,401	$34,500	$36,500		$43,417	$64,083	$39,479	$25,844	$36,540		$38,659	$45,984	$67,873	$41,814
FY17	25	$32,624	$34,937	$38,192		$39,578	$46,000	$37,750	$33,832	$36,231		$39,606	$41,044	$47,704	$39,148
FY18	25	$30,000	$37,412	$40,953		$46,333	$87,950	$43,898	$30,370	$37,873		$41,458	$46,904	$89,034	$44,439
Median Pay					FY18 Pay Distribution				Change					Dollars in figures are in thousands.				Nominal, Current $			Constant, 2019, $
Year	Number	Minimum	25 %ile	50 %ile Median		75 %ile	Maximum	Average	Minimum	25 %ile		50 %ile Median	75 %ile	Maximum	Average
FY01	25	$56,000	$74,089	$79,521		$91,065	$122,533	$82,660	$80,380	$106,344		$114,141	$130,710	$175,879	$118,647
FY04	25	$70,000	$83,598	$99,000		$105,396	$123,126	$96,097	$94,199	$112,498		$133,224	$141,832	$165,690	$129,318
FY09	25	$81,132	$103,750	$113,975		$129,500	$167,305	$118,890	$96,132	$122,932		$135,047	$153,443	$198,237	$140,871
Most Recent Five Years
FY14	25	$78,833	$115,125	$127,467		$152,545	$169,459	$132,613	$84,649	$123,619		$136,871	$163,800	$181,961	$142,397
FY15	25	$93,500	$111,817	$135,250		$157,094	$169,459	$134,582	$100,279	$119,924		$145,056	$168,484	$181,746	$144,340
FY16	25	$77,042	$117,500	$132,563		$144,500	$169,459	$131,694	$81,598	$124,449		$140,403	$153,046	$179,481	$139,483
FY17	25	$105,208	$116,883	$136,750		$148,000	$169,459	$134,059	$109,105	$121,212		$141,815	$153,482	$175,735	$139,024
FY18	25	$60,750	$121,667	$139,250		$154,046	$169,459	$137,312	$61,499	$123,166		$140,966	$155,944	$171,548	$139,004
Median Pay					FY18 Pay Distribution				Change					Dollars in figures are in thousands.				1.	2.	$158,600
FY04	25		$33,040	$55,154	$49,082		$98,051		$41,764		$69,718	$62,043	$123,943
FY05	25		$30,508	$57,955	$49,525		$133,860		$37,301		$70,858	$60,552	$163,663
FY06	25		$34,875	$58,483	$52,598		$105,933		$41,307		$69,269	$62,299	$125,471
FY07	22		$32,753	$63,093	$58,978		$109,000		$37,720		$72,661	$67,921	$125,528
FY08	21		$39,700	$63,145	$58,167		$123,875		$44,030		$70,031	$64,510	$137,384
FY09	25		$16,810	$64,690	$59,246		$134,557		$18,710		$72,001	$65,942	$149,764
FY10	25		$25,088	$63,544	$60,653		$139,788		$27,473		$69,584	$66,418	$153,075
FY11	19		$38,000	$67,259	$70,500		$96,655		$40,338		$71,398	$74,838	$102,603
FY12	22		$33,825	$65,481	$60,962		$97,083		$35,179		$68,101	$63,402	$100,968
FY13	15		$40,600	$60,860	$55,000		$105,083		$41,615		$62,382	$56,375	$107,711
FY14	20		$39,338	$64,122	$55,386		$129,000		$39,678		$64,676	$55,865	$130,115
FY15	22		$33,833	$61,688	$54,934		$108,020		$34,085		$62,147	$55,343	$108,824
									Change		5 Years, FY11-FY15		-26.05%
											10 Years, FY06-FY15		-11.17%
											15 Years, FY01-FY15		-17.14%
~~Median Pay~~						~~Change in Pay~~				~~FY15 Distribution of Pay~~
Dollars in figures are in thousands.

~~Table 17. Staff Assistant~~

		Nominal $					Constant $
Year	Obs	Minimum	Average	Median		Maximum	Minimum		Average	Median	Maximum
FY01	25	$22,000	$31,205	$28,985		$51,275	$29,662		$42,074	$39,081	$69,133
FY02	25	$21,746	$34,269	$31,500		$67,250	$28,864		$45,485	$41,810	$89,261
FY03	25	$21,500	$37,073	$34,095		$72,250	$27,901		$48,111	$44,245	$93,761
FY04	25	$21,000	$36,668	$36,107		$62,917	$26,545		$46,351	$45,642	$79,531
FY05	25	$21,153	$38,744	$36,365		$66,333	$25,863		$47,370	$44,461	$81,102
FY06	25	$22,781	$39,231	$35,954		$84,136	$26,983		$46,467	$42,585	$99,654
FY07	25	$25,962	$41,297	$39,275		$83,998	$29,899		$47,559	$45,230	$96,735
FY08	25	$19,600	$44,694	$40,104		$81,750	$21,737		$49,568	$44,477	$90,665
FY09	25	$18,683	$37,386	$35,216		$56,500	$20,794		$41,611	$39,196	$62,885
FY10	25	$18,781	$36,566	$35,661		$61,500	$20,566		$40,041	$39,051	$67,346
FY11	25	$27,668	$37,963	$35,083		$59,300	$29,371		$40,299	$37,242	$62,949
FY12	25	$22,000	$37,968	$33,583		$72,000	$22,880		$39,487	$34,927	$74,881
FY13	25	$24,431	$35,959	$35,062		$60,300	$25,042		$36,858	$35,939	$61,808
FY14	25	$28,114	$39,920	$36,551		$75,000	$28,357		$40,265	$36,866	$75,648
FY15	25	$27,025	$38,956	$37,000		$75,000	$27,226		$39,246	$37,275	$75,559
							Change		5 Years, FY11-FY15		0.09%
									10 Years, FY06-FY15		-12.47%
									15 Years, FY01-FY15		-4.62%
~~Median Pay~~					~~Change in Pay~~			~~FY15 Distribution of Pay~~
Dollars in figures are in thousands.

~~Table 18. State Director~~

		Nominal $					Constant $
Year	Obs	Minimum	Average	Median		Maximum	Minimum		Average	Median	Maximum
FY01	25	$56,000	$82,660	$79,521		$122,533	$75,504		$111,450	$107,217	$165,210
FY02	25	$61,604	$87,459	$84,567		$130,104	$81,767		$116,085	$112,246	$172,688
FY03	25	$57,083	$85,785	$88,700		$109,667	$74,079		$111,325	$115,108	$142,317
FY04	25	$70,000	$96,097	$99,000		$123,126	$88,484		$121,473	$125,142	$155,639
FY05	25	$77,017	$104,232	$102,927		$139,312	$94,165		$127,438	$125,843	$170,329
FY06	25	$54,398	$104,504	$101,328		$159,755	$64,431		$123,779	$120,016	$189,219
FY07	25	$79,146	$106,843	$99,707		$160,659	$91,147		$123,044	$114,826	$185,020
FY08	25	$73,750	$112,563	$110,006		$163,563	$81,792		$124,838	$122,003	$181,400
FY09	25	$81,132	$118,890	$113,975		$167,305	$90,301		$132,325	$126,855	$186,212
FY10	25	$79,429	$120,986	$116,496		$169,459	$86,979		$132,485	$127,569	$185,566
FY11	25	$81,500	$126,386	$123,557		$169,459	$86,516		$134,163	$131,161	$179,888
FY12	25	$83,500	$123,006	$116,500		$169,459	$86,841		$127,928	$121,162	$176,240
FY13	25	$56,167	$125,491	$120,400		$169,459	$57,571		$128,629	$123,410	$173,696
FY14	25	$78,833	$132,613	$127,467		$169,459	$79,515		$133,760	$128,568	$170,924
FY15	25	$93,500	$134,582	$135,250		$169,459	$94,196		$135,584	$136,257	$170,721
							Change		5 Years, FY11-FY15		3.89%
									10 Years, FY06-FY15		13.53%
									15 Years, FY01-FY15		27.09%
~~Median Pay~~					~~Change in Pay~~			~~FY15 Distribution of Pay~~
Dollars in figures are in thousands.

~~Author Contact Information~~

[author name scrubbed], Coordinator, Specialist in American National Government ([email address scrubbed], [phone number scrubbed])

[author name scrubbed], Research Assistant ([email address scrubbed], [phone number scrubbed])

~~Acknowledgments~~

~~[author name scrubbed], Research Assistant, provided update support. Jacobo Licona, Brian Hamel, Joe Wisniewski,~~ and Claire Laurence, former CRS interns, collected data for this report. [author name scrubbed], Visual Information Specialist, created the visualizations for this report. Claudia Guidi and Sandra L. Edwards, User Support Specialists, and Alex Marine, Publications Editor, provided formatting and editorial support.

~~Footnotes~~

1.	Since 2014, the minimum level of gross pay has been $2,267 for Senate staff. The maximum annual pay for staff in a Senator's personal office has since 2009 been $169,459, 2 U.S.C. 4575. Maximum payable rates for staff in a Senator's office since 2001 are available in ~~Table 1~~.
2.	For discussion of resources available to Members to carry out their official duties, see, Congressional Salaries and Allowances~~, by [author name scrubbed]~~, Congressional Salaries and Allowances: In Brief, by Ida A. Brudnick.
3.	U.S. Senate, Secretary of the Senate, 2006 U.S. Senate Employment, Compensation, Hiring and Benefits Study (Washington: 2006).
4.	In this report, pay refers to monies paid by the Senate to staff, and excludes other components of total compensation, which might include paid leave or employer contributions to various insurance and retirement benefits.
5.	The Report of the Secretary of the Senate since April 2011 is available at https://www.senate.gov/legislative/common/generic/report_secsen.htm.
6.	See http://www.legistorm.com/.
7.	For a discussion of staff roles in Members' offices, see CRS Report RL34545, Congressional Staff: Duties and Functions of Selected Positions~~, by [author name scrubbed]~~.
8.	Other job titles which may indicate similar duties, and for which pay data were collected for this category, include Office Manager, Office Administrator, and Administrative Manager. No data are available for administrative directors in FY2001-FY2003.
9.	~~Other job titles which may indicate~~ similar duties, and for which pay data were collected for this category, include Casework Director, Casework Coordinator, and Director of Constituent Services.
109.	Other job titles which may indicate similar duties, and for which pay data were collected for this category, include ~~Constituent Services Representative and Federal Caseworker.~~
11.	Other job titles which may indicate similar duties, and for which pay data were collected for this category, include Legal Counsel, Legislative Counsel, Senior Counsel, Chief Counsel, and General CounselFederal Caseworker and Constituent Caseworker.
1210.	Another job title which may indicate similar duties, and for which pay data were collected for this category, was Regional Representative.
1311.	Obtaining the salaries of every congressional staff member from every Senator's office listed in the Report of the Secretary of the Senate ~~was~~is beyond the capacity of available resources. Each year, a different, random sample of Senators' offices was taken for each position. The large random samples of positions in Senators' offices mean that a full accounting would be unlikely to yield significantly different results. At the same time, a study that examines pay data based on different job titles, or which combines pay data from positions of similar titles or duties (e.g., legislative assistant and senior legislative assistant, or executive assistants, schedulers, and executive assistant/schedulers), could result in findings that are different from those provided here.
14.	The numbers of staff whose data were counted are identified as observations in the data tables.
1512.	Other forms of payment do not appear to be recorded in a consistent manner. Sometimes overtime and other pay is listed as separate entries and in other instances, significant one-time changes in a quarterly total may suggest payments in addition to regular salary.
16.	Information about the duration of staff employment is available in CRS Report R44683, Staff Tenure in Selected Positions in House Committees, 2006-2016, CRS Report R44685, Staff Tenure in Selected Positions in Senate Committees, 2006-2016, CRS Report R44682, Staff Tenure in Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2006-2016, and CRS Report R44684, Staff Tenure in Selected Positions in Senators' Offices, 2006-2016.
1713.	For information on the number of first-term Members in each Congress, see CRS Report R41283, First-Term Members of the House of Representatives and Senate, 64~~^th - 113^th Congresses, by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed]~~64th-114th Congresses, by Jennifer E. Manning and R. Eric Petersen.
1814.	U.S. Senate, Committee on Rules and Administration, Senate Handbook (Washington: 1996), ppp. I-13.
1915.	U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index, at http://www.bls.gov/cpi/tables.htm.
2016.	Member pay data are taken from CRS Report 97-1011, Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables, by ~~[author name scrubbed]~~Ida A. Brudnick.
2117.	General Schedule pay change is based on changes in pay levels, and not the pay of individuals. General Schedule pay tables are available at https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/salaries-wages/~~2015~~2019/general-schedule/. For a complete description of areas covered under the Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA locality pay table, see ~~http~~https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/salaries-wages/~~2014~~2019/locality-pay-area-definitions/#wDC. For areas covered by the RUS, see https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/salaries-wages/2019/locality-pay-area-definitions/#US.
22.	5 years, FY2011-FY2015; 10 years, FY2006-FY2015; and 14 years, FY2001-FY2015.
23.	The median is the midpoint at which half of the numbers in a list are higher and the other half lower.
24.	~~Data are not available in FY2001 for administrative directors~~.

Staff Pay, Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2001-FY2023

Changes from November 9, 2016 to June 11, 2019

Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in Senators' Offices, FY2001-FY2015

Contents

Tables

Summary

Introduction

Data Concerns

14Data Tables and Visualizations

Footnotes

Footnotes