Introduction
Congressional Research Service
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Contents
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Budgetary Impact ............................................................................................................................ 4
Baseline ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Score .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Projected Outlays at Enactment ................................................................................................ 8
Title-by-Title Summaries ............................................................................................................... 14
Commodities ........................................................................................................................... 14 Conservation ........................................................................................................................... 17
Working Lands Programs.................................................................................................. 17 Land Retirement and Easement Programs ........................................................................ 18 Other Conservation Programs ........................................................................................... 18
Trade ....................................................................................................................................... 19 Nutrition .................................................................................................................................. 20 Credit ....................................................................................................................................... 22 Rural Development ................................................................................................................. 23 Research .................................................................................................................................. 24 Forestry ................................................................................................................................... 26 Energy ..................................................................................................................................... 27 Horticulture ............................................................................................................................. 28 Crop Insurance ........................................................................................................................ 29 Miscellaneous .......................................................................................................................... 30
Provisions of the 2018 Farm Bill by Title Compared with the House- and Senate-Passed
Bills (H.R. 2) and with Prior Law .............................................................................................. 33
Figures Figure 1. Projected Outlays Under the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, by Title................. 5 Figure 2. Projected Agriculture Outlays in the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 ................... 5 Figure 3. CBO Scores of the House, Senate, and Enacted 2018 Farm Bills, by Title ..................... 7
Tables Table 1. Legislative Action on the 2018 Farm Bill .......................................................................... 1 Table 2. Farm Bill Key CRS Policy Staff ........................................................................................ 3 Table 3. Budget for a 2018 Farm Bill: Baseline, Scores, and Outlays, by Title .............................. 6 Table 4. CBO Score of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, as Enacted, by Section ........... 9 Table 5. Commodities .................................................................................................................... 33 Table 6. Conservation .................................................................................................................... 89 Table 7. Trade .............................................................................................................................. 140 Table 8. Nutrition......................................................................................................................... 154 Table 9. Credit ............................................................................................................................. 183 Table 10. Rural Development ...................................................................................................... 199
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Table 11. Research, Extension, and Related Matters ................................................................... 230 Table 12. Forestry ........................................................................................................................ 260 Table 13. Energy .......................................................................................................................... 284 Table 14. Horticulture .................................................................................................................. 292 Table 15. Crop Insurance ............................................................................................................. 302 Table 16. Miscellaneous .............................................................................................................. 315
Contacts Author Information ...................................................................................................................... 367
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Introduction Congress has been active in establishing federal policy for the agricultural sector on an ongoing basis since the 1930s. Over the years, as economic conditions and technology have evolved, Congress has regularly revisited agricultural policy through periodic farm legislation. Across these decades, the breadth of policy areas addressed through such farm bills has expanded beyond providing support for a limited number of agricultural commodities to include establishing programs and policies that address a broad spectrum of related areas. These include agricultural conservation, credit, rural development, domestic nutrition assistance, trade and international food aid, organic agriculture, forestry, and support for beginning and veteran farmers and ranchers, among others.
The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334), known as the "“2018 farm bill,"” was enacted on December 20, 2018, approximately eight months after the bill was introduced (Table 1).1 In the House, the Agriculture Committee reported the bill on April 18, 2018, by a vote of 26-20. An initial floor vote on May 18, 2018, failed in the House by a vote of 198-213, but floor procedures allowed that vote to be reconsidered (H.Res. 905). The House passed H.R. 2 in a second vote of 213-211 on June 21, 2018. In the Senate, the Agriculture Committee reported its bill (S. 3042) on June 13, 2018, by a vote of 20-1. The Senate passed its bill as an amendment to H.R. 2 by a vote of 86-11 on June 28, 2018. Conference proceedings to resolve the differences between the House- and Senate-passed versions of H.R. 2 officially began on September 5, 2018, and concluded in December 2018 with Senate passage of H.R. 2 on a vote of 87-13 and House passage by a vote of 369-47 (H.Rept. 115-1072).
).
Table 1. Legislative Action on the 2018 Farm Bill
House
Senate
Conference Report Approval
Cmte.
Passage
Cmte.
Passage
Report
House
Senate
Public Law
2018 farm bill
4/18/2018
5/18/2018
6/13/2018 6/28/2018 12/10/2018 12/12/2018 12/11/2018 12/20/2018
Agriculture
H.R. 2
H.R. 2
S. 3042
H.R. 2
H.Rept.
H.R. 2
H.R. 2
P.L. 115-334
Improvement Act of
Initial vote failed
Vote of
Vote of
Vote of
115-1072
Vote of
Vote of
2018
by 198-213
26-20
20-1
86-11
369-47
87-13
Covers 2019-2023
Reconsidered
5/3/2018
crops or until
under
H.Rept.
9/30/2023
H.Res. 905
115-661
6/21/2018
Passed by vote
of 213-211
Source: CRS Report R45210, Farm Bills: Major Legislative Actions, 1965-2023.
Table 1. Legislative Action on the 2018 Farm Bill
|
House
|
Senate
|
Conference Report Approval
|
|
|
Cmte.
|
Passage
|
Cmte.
|
Passage
|
Report
|
House
|
Senate
|
Public Law
|
2018 farm bill
Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018
Covers 2019-2023 crops or until 9/30/2023
|
4/18/2018
H.R. 2
Vote of 2620
5/3/2018 H.Rept. 115-661
|
5/18/2018
H.R. 2
Initial vote failed by 198-213
Reconsidered under
H.Res. 905
6/21/2018 Passed by vote of 213-211
|
6/13/2018
S. 3042
Vote of
20-1
|
6/28/2018
H.R. 2
Vote of
86-11
|
12/10/2018
H.Rept. 115-1072
|
12/12/2018
H.R. 2
Vote of
369-47
|
12/11/2018
H.R. 2
Vote of
87-13
|
12/20/2018
P.L. 115-334
|
The enacted 2018 farm bill continues a tradition of multi-year farm bills that would establish policy for a broad array of agriculture and nutrition assistance programs. To this end, P.L. 115-334334 addresses agriculture and food policy across 12 titles. These titles cover commodity support programs, agricultural conservation, trade and international food aid, domestic nutrition assistance, credit, rural development, research and extension, forestry, horticulture, crop insurance, and a variety of other policies and initiatives.2
2
1 CRS Report R45210, Farm Bills: Major Legislative Actions, 1965-2023. 2 The disparity between the 11 titles in the House-passed bill and the 12 titles in the Senate-passed bill was resolved in (continued...)
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The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) projected at enactment that outlays of the 2018 farm bill will amount to $428 billion over the five-year life of the law (FY2019-FY2023). Most of this projected spending—$326 million, or 76%—is in the nutrition title for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). The remaining 24%—$102 billion of projected outlays—stems primarily from agricultural programs, including crop insurance, farm commodity programs, and conservation. CBO estimated that the conference agreement for the 2018 farm bill will be budget neutral over a 10-year period (FY2019-FY2028). CBO estimated that in its first five years, the enacted 2018 farm bill will increase spending by $1.8 billion, compared with a simple extension of the 2014 farm bill, but that this initial increase will be entirely offset in the second five years of the budget window. The "“Budgetary Impact"” section of this report provides additional detail at the level of individual titles and major programs.
The policymaking environment for the 2018 farm bill differed materially from that of the 2014 farm bill, reflecting lower farm income levels in recent years and disruptions to agricultural exports beginning in 2018. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) forecasts that for 2018, net cash farm income—a measure of the profitability of farming—will be about one-third below the levels of 2012 and 2013, which were the highest in the last 40 years adjusted for inflation.3 3 The decline in net cash farm income over this period reflects lower farm prices for many commodities. U.S. farm exports, which provide critical support to U.S. agricultural commodity prices and farm profitability, have been disrupted since early 2018 by a series of trade disputes involving major U.S. agricultural export markets—including China, Canada, Mexico, and the European Union—that has led to the imposition of tariffs by these trading partners on a range of U.S. farm product exports.44 The decline in farm income, coupled with uncertainty about prospects for agricultural exports, may well have played a role in shaping a set of policies in the enacted farm bill that provide farmers and ranchers with a degree of continuity for the next five years.
This report provides an analysis of the budgetary implications of both bills, followed by summaries identifying some of the changes contained in the enacted 2018 farm bill compared with prior law. These summaries are followed by tables containing a title-by-title analysis of all of the policies and provisions in the enacted 2018 farm bill compared to the House- and Senate-passed versions of H.R. 2 and with the expired 2014 farm bill.
Table 2. Farm Bill Key CRS Policy Staff
Policy Issue
|
Name
|
Farm Bill Budget
|
Jim Monke
|
Commodity Support
|
Randy Schnepf
|
APHIS
|
Sahar Angadjivand
|
Dairy Policy
|
Joel Greene
|
Sugar Policy
|
Joel Greene
|
Crop Insurance
|
Isabel Rosa
|
Disaster Assistance
|
Megan Stubbs
|
Conservation and Environment
|
Megan Stubbs
|
International Food Aid
|
Alyssa Casey
|
Domestic Food and Nutrition Assistance
|
Randy Alison Aussenberg
|
Agricultural Credit
|
Jim Monke
|
Rural Development
|
Tadlock Cowan and Alyssa Casey
|
Agricultural Research
|
Tadlock Cowan
|
Forestry
|
Katie Hoover
|
Agriculture-Based Biofuels/Bioenergy
|
Kelsi Bracmort
|
Horticulture and Organic Agriculture
|
Renée Johnson
|
Livestock/Animal Agriculture
|
Joel Greene
|
Textiles
|
Michaela Platzer
|
Pesticide Regulation
|
Jerry H. Yen
|
Fish and Wildlife
|
R. Eliot Crafton
|
Endangered Species
|
Pervaze A. Sheikh
|
Hazardous Chemical Management
|
Scott D. Szymendera
|
Clean Water Act
|
Laura Gatz
|
Child Nutrition and School Meals
|
Kara Clifford Billings
|
Fisheries and Seafood
|
Harold Upton
|
Trade
|
Anita Regmi
|
Budgetary Impact5
and with the expired 2014 farm bill.
the conference-passed version, which retains a separate title for energy programs as provided for in the Senate-passed version of H.R. 2, as compared with the House-passed version, which combined the agricultural energy programs with the rural infrastructure and economic development title.
3 CRS Report R45117, U.S. Farm Income Outlook for 2018. 4 CRS Report R45310, Farm Policy: USDA’s 2018 Trade Aid Package.
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The 2018 Farm Bill (P.L. 115-334): Summary and Side-by-Side Comparison
Table 2. Farm Bill Key CRS Policy Staff
Policy Issue
Name
Report Coordinator/Overview
Frank Gottron
Budget Situation and Outlook
Jim Monke
Farm Economy
Stephanie Rosch
Commodity Support
Stephanie Rosch Joel L. Greene
Crop Insurance
Stephanie Rosch
Disaster Assistance
Christine Whitt
Animal Agriculture
Joel L. Greene
Horticulture and Specialty Crops
Renée Johnson
Organic Agriculture
Renée Johnson
Hemp
Renée Johnson
Local, Urban, and Innovative
Renée Johnson
Production
Conservation
Megan Stubbs
Nutrition
Randy Alison Aussenberg Kara Clifford Bil ings
Trade and Export Promotion
Benjamin Tsui
International Food Assistance
Amber D. Nair
Credit
Jim Monke
Rural Development
Lisa Benson
Research, Extension, and Education
Eleni G. Bickel
Forestry
Anne Riddle
Energy
Kelsi Bracmort
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Budgetary Impact5 The allocation of federal spending is one way to measure the activities covered by a farm bill, both by how much is spent in total and by how a new law changes policy. CBO estimates are the official measures when bills are considered and are based on long-standing budget laws and rules.6
6
A farm bill authorizes funding in two ways: It authorizes and pays for mandatory outlays with multi-year budget estimates when the law is enacted. It also sets the parameters for discretionary programs and authorizes them to receive future appropriations but does not provide funding. Mandatory programs often dominate farm bill policy and the debate over the farm bill budget.
Figure 1 illustrates the $428 billion, five-year total of projected mandatory outlays at enactment for the life of the 2018 farm bill (FY2019-FY2023). Figure 2 shows program-level detail for agriculture-specific programs, particularly the farm commodity and conservation titles. The nutrition title is the largest component of the farm bill budget, followed by crop insurance, farm commodity programs, and conservation.
Baseline
Baseline The budgetary impact of mandatory spending proposals is measured relative to an assumption that certain programs continue beyond the end of the farm bill. The benchmark is the CBO baseline—a projection at a particular point in time of future federal spending on mandatory programs under current law. The baseline provides funding for reauthorization, reallocation to other programs, or offsets for deficit reduction. Generally, many programs (such as the farm commodity programs or supplemental nutrition assistance) are assumed to continue in the baseline as if there were no change in policy and the program did not expire. However, some programs are not assumed to continue beyond the end of a farm bill.7
7
The CBO baseline used to develop the 2018 farm bill was released in April 2018.88 It projected that if the 2014 farm bill, as amended as of April 2018, were extended, farm bill programs would cost $867 billion over the next 10 years, FY2019-FY2028.99 Most of that amount, 77%, was in the nutrition title for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)SNAP. The remaining 23%, $203 billion baseline (the first and fourth data columns inin Table 3), was for agricultural programs, mostly in crop insurance, farm commodity programs, and conservation. Other titles of the farm bill contributed about 1% of the baseline, some of which are funded primarily with discretionary spending.
Figure 1. Projected Outlays Under the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, by Title
5 This section was written by Jim Monke, Specialist in Agricultural Policy. 6 CRS Report 98-560, Baselines and Scorekeeping in the Federal Budget Process. 7 CRS Report R44758, Farm Bill Programs Without a Budget Baseline Beyond FY2018. 8 CBO, “Baseline Projections for Selected Programs,” April 2018, https://www.cbo.gov/about/products/baseline-projections-selected-programs, and at the title level in the table notes in CBO, “Cost Estimates for H.R. 2 as passed by the House of Representatives and as passed by the Senate,” July 24, 2018, https://www.cbo.gov/publication/54284. 9 Although the farm bill is a five-year authorization (the 2018 farm bill covers FY2019-FY2023), budget rules required it to be measured over a 10-year budget window. During legislative development, the farm bill may have been presented more in terms of its effect over the 10-year budget window than the intended five-year duration of the law. Separately, statements about the total cost of the farm bill may be in terms of its five-year outlays (i.e., projected spending over the five-year life of the farm bill). Both lengths of time are appropriate measures depending on one’s perspective.
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The 2018 Farm Bill (P.L. 115-334): Summary and Side-by-Side Comparison
Figure 1. Projected Outlays Under the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, by
Title
(Five-year projected mandatory outlays at enactment, billions of dollars, FY2019-FY2023)
(Five-year projected mandatory outlays at enactment, billions of dollars, FY2019-FY2023)
|
 |
Source: CRS. Compiled from CBO, "“Baseline Projections,"” April 2018, at the title level as shown in "“Cost Estimates for H.R. 2, July 24, 2018; and CBO cost estimate of the conference agreement, December 11, 2018.
|
Figure 2. Projected Agriculture Outlays in the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018
(Five-year projected mandatory outlays at enactment, billions of dollars, FY2019-FY2023)
|
 |
Source: CRS, using CBO Baseline for USDA Mandatory Farm Programs, April 2018; at the title level as shown in "“Cost Estimates for H.R. 2, July 24, 2018;"” and CBO cost estimate of the conference agreement, December 11, 2018.
Notes: PLC = Price Loss Coverage, ARC = Agricultural Risk Coverage, LDP = Loan Deficiency Payments, EQIP = Environmental Quality Incentives Program, CRP = Conservation Reserve Program, CSP = Conservation
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The 2018 Farm Bill (P.L. 115-334): Summary and Side-by-Side Comparison
Stewardship Program, ACEP = Agricultural Conservation Easement Program, RCPP = Regional Conservation Partnership Program, FFP = Food for Progress, NAP = Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program.
|
Table
Table 3. Budget for a 2018 Farm Bill: Baseline, Scores, and Outlays, by Title
(outlays in millions of dollars, five5- and 10-year totals)
|
5 years (FY2019-FY2023)
|
10 years (FY2019-FY2028)
April 2018
Score of
Projected
Score of
Projected
CBO
P.L. 115-
outlays at
April 2018
P.L. 115-
outlays at
Farm Bill Titles
baseline
334
enactment
baseline
334
enactment
Commodities
31,340
+101
31,440
61,151
+263
61,414
Conservation
28,715
+555
29,270
59,754
-6
59,748
Trade
1,809
+235
2,044
3,624
+470
4,094
Nutrition
325,922
+98
326,020
663,828
+0
663,828
Credit
-2,205
+0
-2,205
-4,558
+0
-4,558
Rural Development
98
-530
-432
168
-2,530
-2,362
Research
329
+365
694
604
+615
1,219
Forestry
5
+0
5
10
+0
10
Energy
362
+109
471
612
+125
737
Horticulture
772
+250
1,022
1,547
+500
2,047
Crop Insurance
38,057
-47
38,010
78,037
-104
77,933
Miscellaneous
1,259
+685
1,944
2,423
+738
3,161
Subtotal
426,462
+1,820
428,282
867,200
+70
867,270
- Increase revenue
-
+35
35
-
+70
70
Total
426,462
+1,785
428,247
867,200
+0
867,200
Source: CRS. Compiled from CBO, “Baseline Projections,” April 2018, https://www.cbo.gov/about/10 years (FY2019-FY2028)
|
Farm Bill Titles
|
April 2018 CBO baseline
|
Score of P.L. 115-334
|
Projected outlays at enactment
|
April 2018 baseline
|
Score of P.L. 115-334
|
Projected outlays at enactment
|
Commodities
|
31,340
|
+101
|
31,440
|
61,151
|
+263
|
61,414
|
Conservation
|
28,715
|
+555
|
29,270
|
59,754
|
-6
|
59,748
|
Trade
|
1,809
|
+235
|
2,044
|
3,624
|
+470
|
4,094
|
Nutrition
|
325,922
|
+98
|
326,020
|
663,828
|
+0
|
663,828
|
Credit
|
-2,205
|
+0
|
-2,205
|
-4,558
|
+0
|
-4,558
|
Rural Development
|
98
|
-530
|
-432
|
168
|
-2,530
|
-2,362
|
Research
|
329
|
+365
|
694
|
604
|
+615
|
1,219
|
Forestry
|
5
|
+0
|
5
|
10
|
+0
|
10
|
Energy
|
362
|
+109
|
471
|
612
|
+125
|
737
|
Horticulture
|
772
|
+250
|
1,022
|
1,547
|
+500
|
2,047
|
Crop Insurance
|
38,057
|
-47
|
38,010
|
78,037
|
-104
|
77,933
|
Miscellaneous
|
1,259
|
+685
|
1,944
|
2,423
|
+738
|
3,161
|
Subtotal
|
426,462
|
+1,820
|
428,282
|
867,200
|
+70
|
867,270
|
- Increase revenue
|
-
|
+35
|
35
|
-
|
+70
|
70
|
Total
|
426,462
|
+1,785
|
428,247
|
867,200
|
+0
|
867,200
|
Source: CRS. Compiled from CBO, "Baseline Projections," April 2018, https://www.cbo.gov/about/products/baseline-projections-selected-programs, and at the title level in the table notes in CBO, "“Cost Estimates for H.R. 2,” 2," https://www.cbo.gov/publication/54284, July 24, 2018; and CBO cost estimate of the conference agreement for H.R. 2, https://www.cbo.gov/publication/54880, December 11, 2018.
Note: Baseline for the Credit title is negative because of receipts to the Farm Credit System Insurance Fund. Baseline in Rural Development for the "“cushion of credit"” account exists elsewhere in the government. Funding for the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program was in the Miscellaneous title in the April 2018 baseline, where it remains for this table.
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The 2018 Farm Bill (P.L. 115-334): Summary and Side-by-Side Comparison
Figure 3. CBO Scores of the House, Senate, and Enacted 2018 Farm Bills, by Title
(projected change in 10-year mandatory outlays relative to baseline, FY2019-FY2028)
|
 |
Source: CRS, using the CBO cost estimates for H.R. 2 as passed by the House of Representatives and the amendment to H.R. 2 as passed by the Senate, https://www.cbo.gov/publication/5428454284, July 24, 2018; and CBO cost estimate of the conference agreement for H.R. 2, https://www.cbo.gov/publication/54880, December 11, 2018. 2018.
Note: Does not show amounts less than $50 million.
|
Score
mil ion.
Score When a new bill is proposed that would affect mandatory spending, CBO estimates the score (cost impact) in relation to the baseline. Changes that increase spending relative to the baseline have a positive score; those that decrease spending relative to the baseline have a negative score. Budget enforcement rules use these baselines and scores to follow "PayGo"“PayGo” and other budget rules (that in part may require no increase to the federal deficit).1010 The score (change) of the enacted 2018 farm bill is shown by title in the second and fifth columns inin Table 3.
Figure 3 shows the title-level scores that are made by the enacted 2018 farm bill and the House and Senate bills that preceded the conference agreement. Table 4 contains the more detailed section-by-section CBO score of the enacted 2018 farm bill.
-
• Relative to the baseline, the overall score of the 2018 farm bill is budget neutral
over a 10-year period. The farm bill increases spending in the first five years by
10 For example, CRS Report RL31943, Budget Enforcement Procedures: The Senate Pay-As-You-Go (PAYGO) Rule.
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$1.8 billion (Table 3).11 The House-passed bill would have decreased 10-year outlays by $1.8 billion; the Senate-passed bill was budget neutral (Figure 3).12
-
• Scores of separate titles show both increases and decreases. Generally, the
enacted farm bill follows the score of the Senate bill more closely than the House
billbill (Figure 3). In the enacted law, most of the reductions are from changes in the Rural Development title. Six titles have increased outlays over the 10-year period, including farm Commodities, Trade, Research, Energy, Horticulture, and Miscellaneous. The Conservation and Nutrition titles have increases over the first five years but are budget neutral over the 10-year periodperiod (Table 3).
-
• Within some titles, the net score may be a combination of increases and decreases
across provisions. This is particularly notable in the Conservation title, which reallocates spending across programs more than in other titles (Table 4).
For several of the "“programs without baseline"” from the 2014 farm bill,1313 the 2018 farm bill provides continuing funding and, in some cases, permanent baseline. Twenty-three of the 39 such programs received continued mandatory funding in the 2018 farm bill (see footnotes inin Table 4).
-
• Fourteen of the programs without baseline received mandatory funding during
FY2019-FY2023 but no baseline beyond the end of the farm bill.
-
• Nine of the programs without baseline received mandatory funding and
permanent baseline beyond the end of the farm bill. Three of these programs were combined with six others into six provisions in the 2018 farm bill.
-
• In addition, five provisions in the 2018 farm bill created new programs without
baseline for the next farm bill.
Projected Outlays at Enactment
When a new law is passed, the projected cost at enactment equals the baseline plus the score (the third and sixth columns of Table 3). This sum becomes the foundation of the new law and may be compared to future CBO baselines as an indicator of how actual costs transpire as the law is implemented and market conditions change.
-
As presented
aboveabove, Figure 1 illustrates the projected outlays at enactment for the life of the 2018 farm bill (FY2019-FY2023). Figure 2 shows program-level detail for agriculture-specific programs, particularly the Farm Commodity and Conservation titles. Most of $428 billion five-year total amount (76%) is in the Nutrition title for SNAP. The remaining 24%, $102 billion of projected outlays, is for agricultural programs, mostly in crop insurance (8.9%), farm commodity programs (7.3%), and conservation (6.8%).
11 CBO, “Cost Estimate of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Conference Agreement on H.R. 2),” https://www.cbo.gov/publication/54880, December 11, 2018.
12 CBO, “Cost Estimates for H.R. 2 as Passed by the House of Representatives and as Passed by the Senate,” https://www.cbo.gov/publication/54284, July 24, 2018.
13 See CRS In Focus IF10780, Farm Bill Primer: Programs Without Baseline Beyond FY2018.
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Table 4. CBO Score of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, as Enacted, by Section
(projected change in mandatory outlays relative to April 2018 baseline, millions of dollars)
Fiscal year
5 years
10 years
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2019-23
2019-28
Title I—Commodities
Dairy Risk Management Payments
-19
-15
-26
-11
-15
+20
-39
-49
-39
-64
-86
-257
ARC-Countya
+0
+0
-24
-28
-28
-20
-23
-20
-22
-20
-81
-186
Repeal Dairy Product Donation Program
-5
-5
-6
-6
-6
-5
-6
-6
-5
-5
-28
-54
ARC-Individuala
+0
+0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-2
-5
Tree Assistance Program
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+2
+4
Cattle Tick Fever Inspections
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+4
+7
Administrative Units for Large Counties
+0
+0
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+3
+7
Livestock Indemnity Payments
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+4
+8
Modified Sugar Loan Rates
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+1
+1
+2
+2
+3
+1
+9
Payment Limitations for Supplemental Disaster
+2
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+8
+15
Implementationb
+15
+1
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+16
+16
Payment Limitations—Family Definition
+4
+4
+4
+4
+4
+4
+4
+4
+4
+4
+20
+40
Milk Donation Program
+9
+5
+5
+5
+5
+5
+5
+5
+5
+5
+29
+54
Margin Protection Premium Refund Credit 75%
+58
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+58
+58
Dairy Risk Management, Livestock Gross Margin
+1
+10
+13
+14
+14
+13
+14
+14
+16
+14
+52
+123
Modified Marketing Assistance Loan Ratesa
+0
+27
+22
+16
+16
+13
+12
+10
+10
+10
+81
+136
PLCa
+0
+0
-65
+23
+38
+26
+26
+26
+36
+28
-4
+137
Annual ARC/PLC Enrol menta
+0
+0
+0
+0
+25
+25
+26
+26
+25
+26
+25
+153
Subtotal, Title I
+67
+30
-74
+21
+57
+84
+24
+16
+36
+2
+101
+263
CRS-9
link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 18
Fiscal year
5 years
10 years
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2019-23
2019-28
Title II—Conservation
Conservation Stewardship Program
-25
-358
-796
-1,103
-1,387
-1,562
-1,768
-1,810
-1,808
-1,808
-3,669
-12,426
Conservation Reserve Program
+38
-52
-110
-80
+15
+119
+33
+37
-0
+1
-189
-0
Grassroots Source Water Protection Programb
+2
+2
+1
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+5
+5
Voluntary Public Access and Habitat Incentiveb
+10
+10
+10
+10
+10
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+50
+50
Feral Swine Eradication and Control Pilotc
+15
+25
+20
+10
+5
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+75
+75
Watershed Rehabilitation/Operationsd
+2
+8
+19
+29
+37
+42
+45
+45
+45
+45
+95
+317
Regional Conservation Partnership Program
+80
+141
+157
+174
+191
+200
+200
+200
+200
+200
+742
+1,742
Agricultural Conservation Easement Program
+73
+151
+177
+187
+198
+197
+198
+199
+199
+200
+786
+1,779
EQIP and CSP
+170
+356
+539
+692
+903
+1,019
+1,100
+1,184
+1,233
+1,257
+2,660
+8,451
Subtotal, Title II
+365
+283
+17
-81
-29
+15
-192
-146
-131
-106
+555
-6
Title III—Trade
Agricultural Trade Promotion and Facilitationd
+47
+47
+47
+47
+47
+47
+47
+47
+47
+47
+235
+470
Subtotal, Title III
+47
+47
+47
+47
+47
+47
+47
+47
+47
+47
+235
+470
Title IV—Nutrition
Interstate Data Matching Multiple Issuances
+0
-6
-25
-40
-60
-75
-90
-90
-95
-95
-131
-576
Quality Control Improvements
-48
-48
-48
-48
-48
-48
-48
-48
-48
-48
-240
-480
Assistance for Community Food Projects
-4
-4
-4
-4
-4
-4
-4
-4
-4
-4
-20
-40
Child Support Enforcement Cooperation
+1
+3
+1
+1
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+5
+5
Food Distribution on Indian Reservations
+0
+3
+3
+4
+4
+4
+4
+4
+4
+4
+14
+34
Longitudinal Data for Research
+0
+11
+11
+1
+3
+5
+5
+5
+5
+5
+26
+51
Improvements to EBT System
+0
+3
+8
+14
+21
+15
+8
+1
+2
+2
+46
+74
Simplified Homeless Housing Costs
+3
+8
+8
+8
+8
+8
+8
+8
+8
+8
+35
+75
CRS-10
link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 18
Fiscal year
5 years
10 years
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2019-23
2019-28
Emergency Food Assistance Program
+12
+24
+23
+23
+23
+19
+20
+20
+21
+21
+105
+206
Employment and Training for SNAP
+19
+24
+24
+24
+24
+24
+24
+24
+24
+24
+115
+234
Schumacher Nutrition Incentive Programd
+6
+16
+28
+43
+50
+52
+54
+56
+56
+56
+143
+417
Subtotal, Title IV
-12
+33
+29
+26
+21
-0
-19
-24
-27
-27
+98
+0
Title V—Credit
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
Title VI—Rural Development
Reduction in Interest to Cushion of Credit
-50
-150
-350
-380
-400
-400
-400
-400
-400
-400
-1,330
-3,330
Modify Loans Under Rural Electrification
+800
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+800
+800
Subtotal, Title VI
+750
-150
-350
-380
-400
-400
-400
-400
-400
-400
-530
-2,530
Title VII—Research and Extension
Emerging Agricultural Production Researchc
+2
+2
+2
+2
+2
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+10
+10
Scholarships for Students at 1890 Institutionsc
+0
+10
+10
+10
+10
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+40
+40
Foundation for Food and Agriculture Researchb
+0
+185
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+185
+185
Organic Agriculture Research and Extensiond
+17
+19
+23
+29
+43
+50
+50
+50
+50
+50
+130
+380
Subtotal, Title VII
+19
+216
+35
+41
+55
+50
+50
+50
+50
+50
+365
+615
Title VIII—Forestry
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
Title IX—Energy
Biobased Market Programb
+2
+3
+3
+3
+3
+1
+0
+0
+0
+0
+14
+15
Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuelsb
+2
+4
+5
+7
+7
+5
+3
+2
+0
+0
+25
+35
Biorefinery Assistanceb
+0
+10
+20
+23
+18
+5
+0
+0
+0
+0
+70
+75
Subtotal, Title IX
+4
+17
+28
+32
+28
+11
+3
+2
+0
+0
+109
+125
Title X—Horticulture
Multiple Crop and Pesticide Use Surveyc
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+1
+1
CRS-11
link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 18
Fiscal year
5 years
10 years
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2019-23
2019-28
Organic Production and Market Data Initiativesb
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+5
+5
Organic Certification/Trade Tracking and Datab
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+5
+5
National Organic Certification Cost Shareb
+0
+0
+8
+8
+8
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+24
+24
Local Agriculture Market Programd
+28
+38
+50
+50
+50
+50
+50
+50
+50
+50
+215
+465
Subtotal, Title X
+30
+40
+60
+60
+60
+50
+50
+50
+50
+50
+250
+500
Title XI—Crop Insurance
Increase CAT Coverage Administrative Fee
-1
-12
-14
-14
-14
-14
-14
-14
-14
-14
-55
-125
Funding for Research and Development
-0
-4
-5
-5
-5
-5
-5
-5
-5
-5
-18
-40
Enterprise Units Across County Lines
-0
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-12
-27
Program Administration
-0
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-8
-18
Crop Production on Native Sod
-0
-0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-2
-4
Submission of Policies and Materials to Board
+0
+0
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+3
+8
Research and Development Authority
+0
+1
+2
+2
+2
+2
+2
+2
+2
+2
+6
+13
Treatment of Forage and Grazing
+1
+9
+10
+10
+10
+10
+10
+10
+10
+10
+40
+90
Subtotal, Title XI
-1
-10
-12
-12
-12
-12
-12
-12
-12
-11
-47
-104
Title XII—Miscellaneous
Extension of Merchandise Processing Fee
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
-371
+0
+0
-371
Sheep Production and Marketing Grantsb
+1
+1
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+2
+2
Wool Research and Promotionb
+0
+2
+2
+2
+2
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+9
+10
National Oilheat Research Alliance
+7
+7
+7
+7
+7
+7
+7
+7
+7
+7
+35
+70
Pima Agriculture Cotton Trust Fundb
+16
+16
+16
+16
+16
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+80
+80
Wool Apparel Manufacturers Trust Fundb
+0
+30
+30
+30
+30
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+120
+120
Emergency Citrus Trust Fundc
+25
+25
+25
+25
+25
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+125
+125
CRS-12
link to page 18
Fiscal year
5 years
10 years
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2019-23
2019-28
Animal Disease Prevention and Management
+60
+48
+6
+6
+29
+30
+30
+30
+30
+30
+149
+299
Farming Opportunities Training and Outreachd
+27
+30
+33
+35
+41
+45
+48
+48
+49
+50
+166
+404
Subtotal, Title XII
+136
+159
+119
+122
+149
+82
+85
+85
-285
+87
+685
+738
Total Changes in Direct Spending
+1,406
+664
-101
-124
-25
-73
-365
-333
-672
-307
+1,820
+70
Increases in Revenue: Title XII—Oilheat
+7
+7
+7
+7
+7
+7
+7
+7
+7
+7
+35
+70
Net Effect on the Deficit
+1,399
+657
-108
-131
-32
-80
-372
-340
-679
-314
+1,785
-0
(projected change in mandatory outlays relative to April 2018 baseline, millions of dollars)
|
Fiscal year
|
5 years
|
10 years
|
|
2019
|
2020
|
2021
|
2022
|
2023
|
2024
|
2025
|
2026
|
2027
|
2028
|
2019-23
|
2019-28
|
Title I—Commodities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dairy Risk Management Payments
|
-19
|
-15
|
-26
|
-11
|
-15
|
+20
|
-39
|
-49
|
-39
|
-64
|
-86
|
-257
|
ARC-Countya
|
+0
|
+0
|
-24
|
-28
|
-28
|
-20
|
-23
|
-20
|
-22
|
-20
|
-81
|
-186
|
Repeal Dairy Product Donation Program
|
-5
|
-5
|
-6
|
-6
|
-6
|
-5
|
-6
|
-6
|
-5
|
-5
|
-28
|
-54
|
ARC-Individuala
|
+0
|
+0
|
-1
|
-1
|
-1
|
-1
|
-1
|
-1
|
-1
|
-1
|
-2
|
-5
|
Tree Assistance Program
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+2
|
+4
|
Cattle Tick Fever Inspections
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+4
|
+7
|
Administrative Units for Large Counties
|
+0
|
+0
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+3
|
+7
|
Livestock Indemnity Payments
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+4
|
+8
|
Modified Sugar Loan Rates
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+1
|
+1
|
+2
|
+2
|
+3
|
+1
|
+9
|
Payment Limitations for Supplemental Disaster
|
+2
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+8
|
+15
|
Implementationb
|
+15
|
+1
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+16
|
+16
|
Payment Limitations—Family Definition
|
+4
|
+4
|
+4
|
+4
|
+4
|
+4
|
+4
|
+4
|
+4
|
+4
|
+20
|
+40
|
Milk Donation Program
|
+9
|
+5
|
+5
|
+5
|
+5
|
+5
|
+5
|
+5
|
+5
|
+5
|
+29
|
+54
|
Margin Protection Premium Refund Credit 75%
|
+58
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+58
|
+58
|
Dairy Risk Management, Livestock Gross Margin
|
+1
|
+10
|
+13
|
+14
|
+14
|
+13
|
+14
|
+14
|
+16
|
+14
|
+52
|
+123
|
Modified Marketing Assistance Loan Ratesa
|
+0
|
+27
|
+22
|
+16
|
+16
|
+13
|
+12
|
+10
|
+10
|
+10
|
+81
|
+136
|
PLCa
|
+0
|
+0
|
-65
|
+23
|
+38
|
+26
|
+26
|
+26
|
+36
|
+28
|
-4
|
+137
|
Annual ARC/PLC Enrollmenta
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+25
|
+25
|
+26
|
+26
|
+25
|
+26
|
+25
|
+153
|
Subtotal, Title I
|
+67
|
+30
|
-74
|
+21
|
+57
|
+84
|
+24
|
+16
|
+36
|
+2
|
+101
|
+263
|
Title II—Conservation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Conservation Stewardship Program
|
-25
|
-358
|
-796
|
-1,103
|
-1,387
|
-1,562
|
-1,768
|
-1,810
|
-1,808
|
-1,808
|
-3,669
|
-12,426
|
Conservation Reserve Program
|
+38
|
-52
|
-110
|
-80
|
+15
|
+119
|
+33
|
+37
|
-0
|
+1
|
-189
|
-0
|
Grassroots Source Water Protection Programb
|
+2
|
+2
|
+1
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+5
|
+5
|
Voluntary Public Access and Habitat Incentiveb
|
+10
|
+10
|
+10
|
+10
|
+10
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+50
|
+50
|
Feral Swine Eradication and Control Pilotc
|
+15
|
+25
|
+20
|
+10
|
+5
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+75
|
+75
|
Watershed Rehabilitation/Operationsd
|
+2
|
+8
|
+19
|
+29
|
+37
|
+42
|
+45
|
+45
|
+45
|
+45
|
+95
|
+317
|
Regional Conservation Partnership Program
|
+80
|
+141
|
+157
|
+174
|
+191
|
+200
|
+200
|
+200
|
+200
|
+200
|
+742
|
+1,742
|
Agricultural Conservation Easement Program
|
+73
|
+151
|
+177
|
+187
|
+198
|
+197
|
+198
|
+199
|
+199
|
+200
|
+786
|
+1,779
|
EQIP and CSP
|
+170
|
+356
|
+539
|
+692
|
+903
|
+1,019
|
+1,100
|
+1,184
|
+1,233
|
+1,257
|
+2,660
|
+8,451
|
Subtotal, Title II
|
+365
|
+283
|
+17
|
-81
|
-29
|
+15
|
-192
|
-146
|
-131
|
-106
|
+555
|
-6
|
Title III—Trade
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural Trade Promotion and Facilitationd
|
+47
|
+47
|
+47
|
+47
|
+47
|
+47
|
+47
|
+47
|
+47
|
+47
|
+235
|
+470
|
Subtotal, Title III
|
+47
|
+47
|
+47
|
+47
|
+47
|
+47
|
+47
|
+47
|
+47
|
+47
|
+235
|
+470
|
Title IV—Nutrition
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interstate Data Matching Multiple Issuances
|
+0
|
-6
|
-25
|
-40
|
-60
|
-75
|
-90
|
-90
|
-95
|
-95
|
-131
|
-576
|
Quality Control Improvements
|
-48
|
-48
|
-48
|
-48
|
-48
|
-48
|
-48
|
-48
|
-48
|
-48
|
-240
|
-480
|
Assistance for Community Food Projects
|
-4
|
-4
|
-4
|
-4
|
-4
|
-4
|
-4
|
-4
|
-4
|
-4
|
-20
|
-40
|
Child Support Enforcement Cooperation
|
+1
|
+3
|
+1
|
+1
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+5
|
+5
|
Food Distribution on Indian Reservations
|
+0
|
+3
|
+3
|
+4
|
+4
|
+4
|
+4
|
+4
|
+4
|
+4
|
+14
|
+34
|
Longitudinal Data for Research
|
+0
|
+11
|
+11
|
+1
|
+3
|
+5
|
+5
|
+5
|
+5
|
+5
|
+26
|
+51
|
Improvements to EBT System
|
+0
|
+3
|
+8
|
+14
|
+21
|
+15
|
+8
|
+1
|
+2
|
+2
|
+46
|
+74
|
Simplified Homeless Housing Costs
|
+3
|
+8
|
+8
|
+8
|
+8
|
+8
|
+8
|
+8
|
+8
|
+8
|
+35
|
+75
|
Emergency Food Assistance Program
|
+12
|
+24
|
+23
|
+23
|
+23
|
+19
|
+20
|
+20
|
+21
|
+21
|
+105
|
+206
|
Employment and Training for SNAP
|
+19
|
+24
|
+24
|
+24
|
+24
|
+24
|
+24
|
+24
|
+24
|
+24
|
+115
|
+234
|
Schumacher Nutrition Incentive Programd
|
+6
|
+16
|
+28
|
+43
|
+50
|
+52
|
+54
|
+56
|
+56
|
+56
|
+143
|
+417
|
Subtotal, Title IV
|
-12
|
+33
|
+29
|
+26
|
+21
|
-0
|
-19
|
-24
|
-27
|
-27
|
+98
|
+0
|
Title V—Credit
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
Title VI—Rural Development
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reduction in Interest to Cushion of Credit
|
-50
|
-150
|
-350
|
-380
|
-400
|
-400
|
-400
|
-400
|
-400
|
-400
|
-1,330
|
-3,330
|
Modify Loans Under Rural Electrification
|
+800
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+800
|
+800
|
Subtotal, Title VI
|
+750
|
-150
|
-350
|
-380
|
-400
|
-400
|
-400
|
-400
|
-400
|
-400
|
-530
|
-2,530
|
Title VII—Research and Extension
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Emerging Agricultural Production Researchc
|
+2
|
+2
|
+2
|
+2
|
+2
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+10
|
+10
|
Scholarships for Students at 1890 Institutionsc
|
+0
|
+10
|
+10
|
+10
|
+10
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+40
|
+40
|
Foundation for Food and Agriculture Researchb
|
+0
|
+185
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+185
|
+185
|
Organic Agriculture Research and Extensiond
|
+17
|
+19
|
+23
|
+29
|
+43
|
+50
|
+50
|
+50
|
+50
|
+50
|
+130
|
+380
|
Subtotal, Title VII
|
+19
|
+216
|
+35
|
+41
|
+55
|
+50
|
+50
|
+50
|
+50
|
+50
|
+365
|
+615
|
Title VIII—Forestry
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
Title IX—Energy
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Biobased Market Programb
|
+2
|
+3
|
+3
|
+3
|
+3
|
+1
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+14
|
+15
|
Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuelsb
|
+2
|
+4
|
+5
|
+7
|
+7
|
+5
|
+3
|
+2
|
+0
|
+0
|
+25
|
+35
|
Biorefinery Assistanceb
|
+0
|
+10
|
+20
|
+23
|
+18
|
+5
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+70
|
+75
|
Subtotal, Title IX
|
+4
|
+17
|
+28
|
+32
|
+28
|
+11
|
+3
|
+2
|
+0
|
+0
|
+109
|
+125
|
Title X—Horticulture
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Multiple Crop and Pesticide Use Surveyc
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+1
|
+1
|
Organic Production and Market Data Initiativesb
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+5
|
+5
|
Organic Certification/Trade Tracking and Datab
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+5
|
+5
|
National Organic Certification Cost Shareb
|
+0
|
+0
|
+8
|
+8
|
+8
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+24
|
+24
|
Local Agriculture Market Programd
|
+28
|
+38
|
+50
|
+50
|
+50
|
+50
|
+50
|
+50
|
+50
|
+50
|
+215
|
+465
|
Subtotal, Title X
|
+30
|
+40
|
+60
|
+60
|
+60
|
+50
|
+50
|
+50
|
+50
|
+50
|
+250
|
+500
|
Title XI—Crop Insurance
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase CAT Coverage Administrative Fee
|
-1
|
-12
|
-14
|
-14
|
-14
|
-14
|
-14
|
-14
|
-14
|
-14
|
-55
|
-125
|
Funding for Research and Development
|
-0
|
-4
|
-5
|
-5
|
-5
|
-5
|
-5
|
-5
|
-5
|
-5
|
-18
|
-40
|
Enterprise Units Across County Lines
|
-0
|
-3
|
-3
|
-3
|
-3
|
-3
|
-3
|
-3
|
-3
|
-3
|
-12
|
-27
|
Program Administration
|
-0
|
-2
|
-2
|
-2
|
-2
|
-2
|
-2
|
-2
|
-2
|
-2
|
-8
|
-18
|
Crop Production on Native Sod
|
-0
|
-0
|
-1
|
-1
|
-1
|
-1
|
-1
|
-1
|
-1
|
-1
|
-2
|
-4
|
Submission of Policies and Materials to Board
|
+0
|
+0
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+1
|
+3
|
+8
|
Research and Development Authority
|
+0
|
+1
|
+2
|
+2
|
+2
|
+2
|
+2
|
+2
|
+2
|
+2
|
+6
|
+13
|
Treatment of Forage and Grazing
|
+1
|
+9
|
+10
|
+10
|
+10
|
+10
|
+10
|
+10
|
+10
|
+10
|
+40
|
+90
|
Subtotal, Title XI
|
-1
|
-10
|
-12
|
-12
|
-12
|
-12
|
-12
|
-12
|
-12
|
-11
|
-47
|
-104
|
Title XII—Miscellaneous
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Extension of Merchandise Processing Fee
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
-371
|
+0
|
+0
|
-371
|
Sheep Production and Marketing Grantsb
|
+1
|
+1
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+2
|
+2
|
Wool Research and Promotionb
|
+0
|
+2
|
+2
|
+2
|
+2
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+9
|
+10
|
National Oilheat Research Alliance
|
+7
|
+7
|
+7
|
+7
|
+7
|
+7
|
+7
|
+7
|
+7
|
+7
|
+35
|
+70
|
Pima Agriculture Cotton Trust Fundb
|
+16
|
+16
|
+16
|
+16
|
+16
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+80
|
+80
|
Wool Apparel Manufacturers Trust Fundb
|
+0
|
+30
|
+30
|
+30
|
+30
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+120
|
+120
|
Emergency Citrus Trust Fundc
|
+25
|
+25
|
+25
|
+25
|
+25
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+0
|
+125
|
+125
|
Animal Disease Prevention and Management
|
+60
|
+48
|
+6
|
+6
|
+29
|
+30
|
+30
|
+30
|
+30
|
+30
|
+149
|
+299
|
Farming Opportunities Training and Outreachd
|
+27
|
+30
|
+33
|
+35
|
+41
|
+45
|
+48
|
+48
|
+49
|
+50
|
+166
|
+404
|
Subtotal, Title XII
|
+136
|
+159
|
+119
|
+122
|
+149
|
+82
|
+85
|
+85
|
-285
|
+87
|
+685
|
+738
|
Total Changes in Direct Spending
|
+1,406
|
+664
|
-101
|
-124
|
-25
|
-73
|
-365
|
-333
|
-672
|
-307
|
+1,820
|
+70
|
Increases in Revenue: Title XII—Oilheat
|
+7
|
+7
|
+7
|
+7
|
+7
|
+7
|
+7
|
+7
|
+7
|
+7
|
+35
|
+70
|
Net Effect on the Deficit
|
+1,399
|
+657
|
-108
|
-131
|
-32
|
-80
|
-372
|
-340
|
-679
|
-314
|
+1,785
|
-0
|
Source: CRS, sorted within titles using the CBO cost estimate of the conference agreement for H.R. 2, https://www.cbo.gov/publication/54880, December 11, 2018.
Notes: + denotes additional spending or, in the case of revenue, additional revenue. – denotes reduced spending.
a. The scoring effect is delayed because the farm commodity programs operate by "“crop year"” (when the crop is harvested), and some payments are delayed by
statute into a later fiscal year. For example, ARC and PLC payments for the 2019 crop year (the first covered by the 2018 farm billbil ) do not occur by statuestatute until FY2021. Payments under the marketing loan program are delayed generally by one fiscal year.
b.
b. Denotes a 2014 farm bill "bil “program without baseline"” that received new funding in the 2018 farm bill bil over FY2019-2023 but not permanent baseline. (The complete
list of programs without baseline prior to the farm bill bil is identified in CRS Report R44758, Farm Bill Programs Without a Budget Baseline Beyond FY2018.)
c.
c. Denotes a new "“program without baseline"” created in the 2018 farm bill.
d. bil . d. Denotes a 2014 farm bill "bil “program without baseline"” that received new funding in the 2018 farm bill bil over FY2019-2028 and permanent baseline. The six provisions
noted here cover nine programs from the list of programs without baseline because of consolidation within (1) trade programs; (2) farmers market, local food, and rural entrepreneurship programs; and (3) beginning farmer and outreach programs.
Title-by-Title Summaries
Commodities14
CRS-13
link to page 38 link to page 38 The 2018 Farm Bill (P.L. 115-334): Summary and Side-by-Side Comparison
Title-by-Title Summaries
Commodities14 Title I of the 2018 farm bill authorize support programs for dairy, sugar, and covered commodities—including major grain, oilseed, and pulse crops—as well as agricultural disaster assistance. Major field-crop programs include the Price Loss Coverage (PLC) and Agricultural Risk Coverage (ARC) programs and the Marketing Assistance Loan (MAL) program (seesee Table 5). The dairy program involves protecting a portion of the margin between milk and feed prices. The sugar program provides a combination of price support, limits on imports, and processor/refiner marketing allotments. Four disaster assistance programs that focus primarily on livestock and tree crops were permanently authorized in the 2014 farm bill. These disaster assistance programs provide federal assistance to help farmers recover financially from natural disasters, including drought and floods. Title I also includes several administrative provisions that suspend permanent farm law from 1938 and 1949 that would otherwise impose antiquated and potentially disruptive price support programs; assign payment limits for individuals, joint ventures or partnerships, and corporations; specify the adjusted gross income (AGI) threshold for program payment eligibility; and identify other details regarding payment attribution and eligibility.
The 2018 farm bill extends authority for most current commodity programs but with some modifications to the ARC, PLC, and MAL programs; dairy; sugar; and agricultural disaster assistance.
Under the 2014 farm bill, producers were allowed a one-time choice between ARC and PLC on a commodity-by-commodity basis, with payments made on 85% of each commodity'’s base acres (i.e., historical program acres that are eligible for ARC and PLC payments). To increase producer flexibility, the 2018 farm bill provides producers the option in 2019 of switching between ARC and PLC coverage, on a commodity-by-commodity basis, effective for both 2019 and 2020. Beginning in 2021, producers again have the option to switch between ARC and PLC but on an annual basis for each of 2021, 2022, and 2023. Producers may remotely and electronically sign annual contracts for ARC and PLC. Producers also have the option to sign a multi-year contract for the ARC and PLC programs. If no initial choice is made, then the program defaults to whichever program was in effect under the 2014 farm bill. Base acres that have not been planted to a commodity eligible to participate in these programs during the 2009-2017 period are not eligible to receive ARC and PLC payments under the 2018 farm bill. However, as a concession to the affected farms, these base acres may be enrolled in the Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) for five years at an annual program payment rate of $18 per acre.
Two changes to the PLC program include the option for producers to update their program yields (used in the PLC payment formula) based on 90% of the average yield for 2013-2017, using a yield plug of 75% of the county average for each year where the farm program yield is less, excluding any years with zero yields, and adjusting downward for any national trend yield growth. In addition, an escalator provision was added that could potentially raise a covered commodity'commodity’s effective reference price (used to determine the PLC per-unit payment rate) by as
14 This section was written by Randy Schnepf (farm commodity support) and Mark McMinimy (sugar), Specialists in Agricultural Policy; Joel Greene (dairy), Analyst in Agricultural Policy; and Megan Stubbs (disaster assistance), Specialist in Agricultural Conservation and Natural Resources Policy.
Congressional Research Service
14
The 2018 Farm Bill (P.L. 115-334): Summary and Side-by-Side Comparison
much as 115% of the statutory PLC reference price based on 85% of the five-year Olympic average15average15 of farm prices.
The 2018 farm bill also specifies several changes to the ARC program. Under the 2014 farm bill, USDA'USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) data for county average yields was used for calculating both ARC benchmark and actual revenues. Under the 2018 farm bill, data from USDA'USDA’s Risk Management Agency (RMA) will be the primary source for county average yield data. Where RMA data is not available, USDA will determine the data source considering data from NASS or the yield history of representative farms in the state, region, or crop-reporting district. This data reprioritization is intended to improve the integrity of the ARC program and avoid the disparity in ARC payments that some neighboring counties experienced in recent years. Also, up to 25 counties nationwide that meet certain criteria—larger than 1,400 square miles and with more than 190,000 base acres—may subdivide for purposes of calculating the ARC benchmark and actual revenue. This change is expected to allow ARC calculations to better reflect significant yield deviations within a county. Also, ARC will use a trend-adjusted yield, as is done by RMA for the federal crop insurance program. This has the potential to raise ARC revenue guarantees for producers. Finally, the five-year Olympic average county yield calculations will increase the yield floor (substituted into the formula for each year where the actual county yield is lower) to 80%, up from 70%, of the transitional county yield.1616 This yield calculation is used to calculate the ARC benchmark county revenue guarantee.
Marketing assistance loan rates are increased for several program crops, including barley, corn, grain sorghum, oats, extra-long-staple cotton, rice, soybeans, dry peas, lentils, and small and large chickpeas. Commodities excluded from the loan rate increase are upland cotton, peanuts, minor oilseeds, nongraded wool, mohair, and honey. Marketing assistance loan rates are used to establish the maximum payment under PLC. Thus, raising the loan rate for a commodity lowers its potential PLC program payment rate.
No changes were made to the "“actively engaged in farming"” criteria used to determine whether an individual is eligible for farm program payments. With respect to payment limits and the AGI limit, the 2018 farm bill leaves both the payment limit of $125,000 per individual ($250,000 per married couple) and the AGI limit of $900,000 unchanged, but it modifies the eligibility criteria for commodity program payment eligibility. However, MAL program benefits are exempted from inclusion under payment limits. Thus, payment limits apply only to combined ARC and PLC payments. Also, the definition of family farm is expanded to include first cousins, nieces, and nephews, thus increasing the potential pool of individuals eligible for individual payment limits on family farming operations.
The enacted bill also amends the permanent agricultural disaster assistance programs. The law expands payments for livestock losses caused by disease and for losses of unweaned livestock that occur before vaccination. The law also expands the definition of eligible producer to include Indian tribes or tribal organizations and increases replanting and rehabilitation payment rates for beginning and veteran orchardists. The law amends the limits on payments received under select disaster assistance programs—of the four disaster assistance programs, only the livestockLivestock Forage Program (LFP) is notnow subject to the $125,000/person payment limit. The AGI requirements are left unchanged.
15 The Olympic average excludes the high- and low-price years from calculation of the average. 16 RMA uses transitional yields (or T-Yields) in the operation of the federal crop insurance program whenever a producer does not have at least four consecutive years of records on crop yields. They are based on the 10-year historical county average. A producer is assigned a portion of the T-Yield based on the amount of available data.
Congressional Research Service
15
The 2018 Farm Bill (P.L. 115-334): Summary and Side-by-Side Comparison
The Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (NAP) is also amended. The enacted bill amends crop eligibility to include crops that may be covered by select forms of crop insurance but only under whole farm plans or weather index policies. It also amends the payment calculation to consider the producer'’s share of the crop, raises the service fees and creates separate payment limits for catastrophic ($125,000/person) and buy-up ($300,000/person) coverage. The law makes buy-up coverage permanent, and adds data collection and program coordination requirements.
The 2018 farm bill significantly revises the Margin Protection Program (MPP) for milk producers that was established in the 2014 farm bill. The new dairy program—Dairy Margin Coverage (DMC)—provides lower producer-paid premium rates for milk coverage of 5 million pounds or less (Tier I), adds margin coverage at higher levels of coverage, and allows producers to cover a larger quantity of milk production. DMC is authorized through December 31, 2023.
The DMC program will pay participating dairy producers the difference (when positive) between a producer-selected margin and the national milk margin (calculated as the all-milk price minus an average feed cost ration). The feed ration formula is unchanged from MPP. For a $100 administrative fee, participating dairy producers are automatically covered at the $4.00 per hundredweight (cwt) margin level. Producers may buy additional margin coverage from $4.50/cwt to $9.50/cwt on the first 5 million pounds of production, compared with $5.50/cwt to $8.00/cwt under MPP. Also, producers may now cover from 5% to 95% of their production history, compared with 25% to 90% under MPP.
Under DMC, premiums for Tier I coverage above $4.00/cwt are significantly reduced from MPP to incentivize dairy producers to buy higher levels of margin coverage. For example, under MPP, an $8.00 margin cost $0.142/cwt, but under DMC, the cost is $0.10/cwt. The premiums for the newly available coverage for margins of $8.50, $9.00, and $9.50 are established at $0.105/cwt, $0.11/cwt, and $0.15/cwt, respectively. For production of over 5 million pounds (Tier II coverage), the premium rates for $4.50 and $5.00 margins are also reduced compared with MPP, but margin coverage is only available up to $8.00, and the premium rates are generally higher than under MPP.
Another change under the 2018 farm bill is that dairy producers will receive a 25% discount on premiums if they select and lock in their margin and production coverage levels for the entire five years of the DMC program. Otherwise, producers may continue to select coverage levels annually. Also under DMC, dairy producers may apply for repayment of the premiums, less any payments received, that were paid under MPP during 2014-2017. If dairy producers opt to apply repayments to future DMC premiums, they are to receive credit for 75% of the eligible repayment. Otherwise, they may opt for a direct cash payment of 50% of the eligible repayment.
Unlike MPP, the DMC program allows dairy producers to participate in both margin coverage and the Livestock Gross Margin-Dairy (LGM-D) insurance program that insures the margin between feed costs and a designated milk price. In addition, producers who were excluded from participating in MPP in 2018 because their milk production was enrolled in LGM-D may retroactively participate in MPP.
The 2018 farm bill reauthorizes the Dairy Forward Pricing Program, the Dairy Indemnity Program, and the Dairy Promotion and Research Program through FY2023. The act repeals the Dairy Product Donation Program enacted in the 2014 farm bill. It also establishes a milk donation program designed to simplify donations of fluid milk that producers, processors, and cooperatives make to food banks and feeding organizations. The donation program is funded at $9 million for FY2019 and $5 million in each following fiscal years. Also, the act amends the formula for the Class I skim milk price used for calculating the Class I price under Federal Milk Marketing Orders.
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The farm bill requires USDA to conduct studies on whether the national feed cost ration is representative of actual feed costs used in the margin calculation and on the cost of corn silage versus the feed cost of corn, and it directs USDA to report alfalfa hay prices in the top five milk-producing states.
Conservation17
Conservation17 USDA administers a number of agricultural conservation programs that assist private landowners with natural resource concerns. These can be broadly grouped into working lands programs, land retirement and easement programs, watershed programs, emergency programs, technical assistance, and other programs. The enacted bill amends portions of programs in all of these categories (see Table 6). However, the general focus of the enacted 2018 farm bill is on the larger working lands, land retirement, and easement programs. All major conservation programs were reauthorized with varying degrees of amendments.
Farm bill conservation programs are authorized to receive mandatory funding through the Commodity Credit Corporations (CCC). Generally, the law reallocates mandatory funding within the title among the larger programs and pays for increases in the short term with reductions in the long term. CBO projects that the enacted bill would increase funding for conservation by $555 million in the short term (FY2019-FY2023) and reduce funding by $6 million in the long term (FY2019-FY2028).
Working Lands Programs
In general, working lands programs provide technical and financial assistance to help farmers improve land management practices. The two largest working lands programs—Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) and Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP)CSP—account for more than half of all conservation program funding. Total funding for both programs is reduced under the enacted bill, compared with prior law, but in different ways and to different degrees.
CSP provides financial and technical assistance to producers to maintain and improve existing conservation systems and to adopt additional conservation activities in a comprehensive manner on a producer'’s entire operation. The House bill would have repealed CSP and created a stewardship contract within EQIP, whereas the Senate bill would have reauthorized CSP and reduce program enrollment. The enacted bill creates a mix of both the House and Senate proposals with amendments. The law reauthorizes CSP but amends how the program limits future enrollment. The program is shifted away from an acreage limitation under prior law (10 million acres annually) to limits based on funding ($700 million in FY2019 increasing to $1 billion in FY2023), a reduction from prior law. The savings from limiting CSP in this manner are redistributed to EQIP and other farm bill conservation programs within the title. The enacted bill also amends CSP'’s ranking criteria; contract renewal requirements; payments for cover crops, grazing management, and comprehensive conservation plan development; and organic certification allocations. A new grassland conservation initiative is also added to CSP.
EQIP is reauthorized and expanded in the enacted bill. EQIP provides financial and technical assistance to producers and land owners to plan and install structural, vegetative, and land management practices on eligible lands to alleviate natural resource problems. The enacted bill increases EQIP funding in annual increments from $1.75 billion in FY2019 to $2.025 billion in FY2023. A number of amendments to EQIP focus on water quality and quantity-related practices, soil health improvement, and wildlife habitat improvement. The bill reduces the allocation for
17 This section was written by Megan Stubbs, Specialist in Agricultural Conservation and Natural Resources Policy.
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livestock-related practices from 60% to 50% and increases the allocation for wildlife-related practices from 5% to 10%. Water conservation system payments are expanded to irrigation and drainage entities with limitations. Conservation Innovation Grants, a subprogram under EQIP, is expanded to include community colleges, on-farm innovation, and soil health trials.
Land Retirement and Easement Programs
Land retirement and easement programs provide federal payments to private agricultural landowners for accepting permanent or long-term land-use restrictions. The largest land retirement program—the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)—is reauthorized and expanded under the enacted 2018 farm bill. CRP provides annual rental payments to producers to replace crops on highly erodible and environmentally sensitive land with long-term resource-conserving plantings. Under the new law, annual CRP enrollment is increased incrementally from 24 million acres in FY2019 to 27 million by FY2023. Within this limit, CRP is required to enroll up to 2 million acres in grasslands contracts and up to 8.6 million acres in continuous contracts. To offset this increased enrollment level, the enacted bill reduces payments to participants, including cost-share payments, annual rental payments, and incentive payments. Annual rental payments are limited to 85% of the county average for general enrollment and 90% for continuous enrollment. The enacted bill also makes a number of other changes that would further expand grazing and commercial uses on CRP acres as well as transition options for new and limited resource producers. Under CRP, new pilot programs are created, such as CLEAR 30 (Clean Lakes, Estuaries, and Rivers and Soil Health and Income Protection Pilot), while existing subprograms are reauthorized and codified (e.g., Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program and Farmable Wetlands Program).
The Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP) is reauthorized and amended in the 2018 farm bill. ACEP provides financial and technical assistance through two types of easements: (1) agricultural land easements that limit nonagricultural uses on productive farm or grasslands and (2) wetland reserve easements that protect and restore wetlands. Most of the changes to ACEP focus on the agricultural land easements in which USDA enters into partnership agreements with eligible entities to purchase agricultural land easements from willing landowners. Additional flexibilities are provided to ACEP-eligible entities, including amendments to nonfederal cost share requirements, consideration of geographical differences, terms and conditions of easements, and certification criteria of eligible entities. Several amendments reduce the roll of USDA in the administration of ACEP agricultural land easements, including amendments to the certification of eligible entities, the right of easement enforcement, and planning requirements. Changes to wetland reserve easements center on compatible use and vegetative cover requirements. The enacted bill increases overall funding from $250 million in FY2018 to $450 million annually for FY2019-FY2023.
Other Conservation Programs
The new farm bill reauthorizes and amends the Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) by shifting the program away from enrolling land through existing conservation programs to a standalone program with separate contracts and agreements. The program is to continue to enter into agreements with eligible partners, and these partners are to continue to define the scope and location of the project, provide a portion of the project cost, and work with eligible landowners to enroll in RCPP contracts. The scope of eligible activities under RCCP is expanded to include activities that may be carried out under additional covered programs. RCPP funding is increased to $300 million annually for FY2019-FY2023 from $100 million annually under prior law. The enacted bill provides additional flexibilities to partners, including the
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makeup of a partner’makeup of a partner's project contribution, guidance and reporting requirements, agreement renewals, and the application process.
The enacted bill also includes amendments to conservation programs and provisions with originating authorities outside of farm bill legislation, primarily various watershed and emergency conservation programs. The law also requires reports be provided to Congress on natural resources and on various pilot programs and trials.
Trade18
Trade18 The trade title—Title III of the enacted 2018 farm bill—addresses statutes concerning U.S. international food aid and agricultural export programs (see Table 7). Under the farm bill authority, U.S. international food assistance is distributed through three main programs: (1) Food for Peace (emergency and nonemergency food aid), (2) Food for Progress (agricultural development programs), and (3) the McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition program (school lunch and feeding programs). The largest of these, the Food for Peace (FFP) program, receives about $1.5 billion in annual appropriations. Traditionally, these three programs have relied on donated U.S. agricultural commodities as the basis for their activities. However, recent farm bills have increasingly added flexibility to purchase food in local markets or to directly transfer cash or vouchers to needy recipients. The U.S. Agency for International Development administers FFP, while the Foreign Agricultural Service of USDA administers the other two programs.
The bill reauthorizes all international food aid programs as well as certain operational details such as prepositioning of agricultural commodities and micronutrient fortification programs. P.L. 115-334334 also adds a provision requiring that food vouchers, cash transfers, and local and regional procurement of non-U.S. foods avoid market disruption in the recipient country. Under prior law, this requirement applied only to U.S. commodities. The enacted law amends FFP by eliminating the requirement to monetize—sell on local markets to fund development projects—at least 15% of FFP commodities. It also increases the minimum level of FFP funds allocated for nonemergency assistance from $350 million to $365 million each year while maintaining the maximum annual allocation of 30% of FFP funds.
P.L. 115-334 amends the McGovern-Dole program by authorizing up to 10% of annual appropriated funds to be used to purchase food in the country or region where it will be distributed. Prior law required all commodities provided under the program be produced in the United States. The bill also extends authority for several related international programs, including the Farmer-to-Farmer program, Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust, and Global Crop Diversity Trust, as well as two associated fellowship programs: Cochran Fellowships and Borlaug Fellowships.
P.L. 115-334 consolidates the existing U.S. export promotion programs—the Market Access Program (MAP), the Foreign Market Development Program (FMDP), the Emerging Markets Program (EMP), and Technical Assistance for Specialty Crops (TASC)—into one section, establishing permanent mandatory funding for those programs. It also establishes a Priority Trade Fund, from which the Secretary can provide additional funding to the export promotion programs. The programs are authorized to receive $255 million in annual mandatory CCC funds for FY2019-FY2023. Of that money, not less than $200 million is to be spent on MAP, not less than $34.5 million on FMDP, not more than $8 million on EMP, not more than $9 million on TASC,
18 This section was written by Randy Schnepf, Specialist in Agricultural Policy; Anita Regmi, Analyst in Agricultural Policy; and Alyssa Casey, Analyst in Agricultural Policy.
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and $3.5 million on the Priority Trade Fund. While the MAP and FMDP funding reflects 2014 farm bill funding levels for those programs, EMP and TASC are each authorized at $1 million less than in the 2014 farm bill. Another change is that MAP and FMDP funds can now also be spent on authorized programs in Cuba.
The law also reauthorizes direct credits or export credit guarantees for the promotion of agricultural exports to emerging markets of not less than $1 billion in each fiscal year through 2023. Further, the new law authorizes the appropriation of up to $2 million annually through 2023 to assist with the removal of nontariff and other trade barriers to U.S. agricultural products produced with biotechnology and other agricultural technologies. And the law adds a requirement that USDA facilitate the inclusion of more tribal food and agricultural products in federal trade-related activities and international trade missions.
Nutrition19
Nutrition19 The enacted farm bill'’s Nutrition title amends a variety of aspects of SNAP and related nutrition assistance programs (seesee Table 8). While the enacted provisions incorporate some of the SNAP policies included in the House- and/or Senate-passed bills, the Nutrition title does not include the House-passed bill'’s expansion of work requirements and SNAP employment and training (E&T) programs. The law reauthorizes SNAP and related programs for five years through the end of FY2023. CBO estimates the Nutrition title'’s impact on direct spending (in outlays) is cost-neutral over the 10-year period (FY2019-FY2028). While certain policies are estimated to increase spending by approximately $1.1 billion, all others total to an estimated decrease in spending by approximately $1.1 billion.
SNAP Eligibility and Benefit Calculation. The enacted 2018 farm bill'’s Nutrition title largely maintains current SNAP eligibility and benefit calculation rules. After debate over work requirements for SNAP, the enacted conference report maintains both the existing general work requirements and the time limit for nondisabled adults without dependents to receive SNAP, with a few amendments
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• While prior law allowed states to exempt up to 15% of those subject to the time
limit from the time limit, the 2018 farm bill reduces such exemptions to 12%.
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• The conference report expands the SNAP E&T activities that a state may provide
and emphasizes supervised job search over unsupervised job search programs.
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• The new law increases one stream of mandatory E&T funding by approximately
$14 million and prioritizes specified E&T activities for receiving any reallocated funding.
On benefit calculation, the new law requires states to conduct a simplified calculation for homeless households and also requires certain updates or studies of certain aspects of benefit calculation. Among other eligibility-related provisions that were not adopted, the House-passed bill would have limited categorical eligibility while amending asset limits, limited how utilities may have been calculated in benefit calculation, expanded work requirements to include individuals 50-59 years old and individuals with children over the age of six, made it more difficult for states to qualify for waivers from work requirements, and increased the earned income deductiondeduction. (Table 8 expands upon the eligibility and benefit calculation differences between the bills.)
SNAP
19 This section was written by Randy Alison Aussenberg, Specialist in Nutrition Assistance Policy; and Kara Clifford Billings, Analyst in Social Policy.
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SNAP fraud, errors, and related state administration. The enacted 2018 farm bill includes policies intended to reduce errors and fraud in SNAP. The enacted farm bill establishes a nationwide National Accuracy Clearinghouse to identify concurrent enrollment in multiple states and requires state action on information that could change benefit amounts. It increases USDA's ’s oversight of state systems and the quality control system. The enacted bill also repeals funding for state performance awards.
Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) and retailersretailers. The enacted Nutrition title contains policy changes for SNAP'’s EBT system and benefit redemption. It places limits on the fees EBT processors may charge, shortens the time frame for storing and expunging unused benefits, changes the authorization requirements for farmers'’ market operators with multiple locations, and requires USDA to conduct other specified retailer and EBT system oversight. The new law requires the nationwide implementation of the online acceptance of SNAP benefits and authorizes a pilot project to test SNAP recipients'’ use of mobile technology to redeem their SNAP benefits.
Other SNAP-related grants. The enacted 2018 farm bill makes changes to other SNAP-related funding (E&T, a type of SNAP-related grants, is discussed above). The enacted Nutrition title reauthorizes the Food Insecurity Nutrition Incentive (FINI) grant program, renaming it the Gus Schumacher FINI, and provides for evaluation, training, and technical assistance. As added by the 2014 farm bill, this program funds projects that incentivize participants to purchase fruits and vegetables. The 2018 farm bill expands these SNAP incentive programs, increasing mandatory funding, and, within FINI'’s funding, establishes grants for produce prescription projects to serve individuals eligible for SNAP or Medicaid in households with or at risk of developing a diet-related health condition. The new law increases FINI funding by $417 million over 10 years.
In addition to FINI'’s fruit and vegetable incentives or prescriptions, the Nutrition title also includes policies—but not federal funding—for retailer incentive programs and authorizes, with discretionary funding, pilot projects to focus on milk consumption. On nutrition education (SNAP-Ed), the new law makes some policy changes, such as requiring an electronic reporting system, but it does not change the program'’s funding.
Food distribution programs. The Nutrition title reauthorizes and makes some policy changes to the nutrition assistance programs that distribute USDA foods to low-income households. The law includes changes to the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations, including requiring the federal government to pay at least 80% of administrative costs and creating a demonstration project for tribes to purchase their own commodities. The Nutrition title reauthorizes the Commodity Supplemental Food Program and increases the length of certification periods.
The enacted bill also increases funding for The Emergency Food Assistance Program. CBO estimates that the increases will amount to an additional $206 million over 10 years. Included in this cost estimate is $4 million for each of FY2019-FY2023 for newly authorized projects to facilitate the donation of raw/unprocessed commodities by agricultural producers, processors, and distributors to emergency feeding organizations.
Other nutrition programs and policies. The enacted 2018 farm bill also continues the Senior Farmers'Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program and its mandatory funding. The enacted bill reduces funding for the Community Food Projects competitive grant program, providing $5 million per year instead of $9 million. Though generally the school meals programs are reauthorized outside of the farm bill, the 2018 farm bill continues the $50 million set-aside for USDA'’s fresh fruit and vegetable purchases for schools and requires USDA to take certain actions to enforce school meals'meals’ Buy American requirements. The enacted bill also authorizes new programs and discretionary funding for Public-Private Partnerships and Micro-Grants for Food Security.
Credit20
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Credit20 The Credit title (Title V) of the 2018 farm bill reauthorizes and makes several changes to provisions in the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act that governs the USDA farm loan programs (7 U.S.C. §1921 et seq.). It also modifies the Farm Credit Act that governs the Farm Credit System (12 U.S.C. §2001 et seq.) and reauthorizes the State Agricultural Loan Mediation Program (7 U.S.C. §5101; seesee Table 9).
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For the USDA farm loan programs, the 2018 farm bill adds specific criteria (e.g., coursework, military service, mentoring) that the Secretary may use to reduce the requirement for three years of farming experience in order for beginning farmers to qualify for loans. It also raises the maximum loan size for guaranteed loans (both farm ownership and farm operating) to $1.75 million per borrower in 2019, adjusted for inflation thereafter, from a lower statutory base of $700,000 established in 1996 ($1.4 million in 2018 after adjusting for inflation). For direct loans, the new farm bill increases the farm ownership loan limit to $600,000 and the farm operating loan limit to $400,000, both from $300,000 under prior law. For beginning and socially disadvantaged farmers, it increases the percentage of loans that may be guaranteed to 95%, generally from 80%-90%.
90%.
The State Agricultural Loan Mediation Program is reauthorized through FY2023, and the range of issues covered by the program is expanded.
For the government-chartered cooperative Farm Credit System (FCS), the 2018 farm bill eliminates obsolete references to outdated names and transition periods from the 1980s and 1990s. It clarifies that FCS entities may share privileged information with the Farm Credit Administration (FCA) for regulatory purposes without altering the privileged status elsewhere, and it expands FCA'’s jurisdiction to hold accountable "“institution-affiliated parties"” (including agents and independent contractors). It also repeals a compensation limit for FCS bank boards of directors.
For the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (FarmerMac), the new farm bill increases the acreage exception—subject to a study by FCA—from 1,000 acres to 2,000 acres for the dollar limit to remain a qualified loan.
For the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation (FCSIC), which insures repayment of certain FCS debt obligations, the 2018 farm bill provides greater statutory guidance regarding the powers and duties of the FCSIC when acting as a conservator or receiver of a troubled FCS institution and the rights and duties of parties affected by an FCS institution being placed into a conservatorship or receivership. These are largely modeled after provisions that apply to depository institutions that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
The enacted 2018 farm bill also directs four studies about agricultural credit: (1) an annual FSA report about its farm loan program that includes various performance characteristics, demographics, and participation by beginning and socially disadvantaged farmers; (2) an FCA study about the risks and capitalization of loans in the portfolios of FCS and FarmerMac and the feasibility of increasing the acreage for FarmerMac qualified loans; (3) a Government Accountability Office (GAO) study about credit availability for socially disadvantaged farmers; and (4) a GAO study about the credit needs of Indian tribes and members of Indian tribes.
Rural Development21
20 This section was written by Jim Monke, Specialist in Agricultural Policy, with assistance for the FCS Insurance Corporation from Raj Gnanarajah, Analyst in Financial Economics, and David H. Carpenter, Legislative Attorney.
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Rural Development21 The Rural Development title of the enacted 2018 farm bill (P.L. 115-334) addresses rural development policies including broadband deployment, opioid abuse and rural health, and business and infrastructure development (see Table 10).
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The law adds a new section to the Rural Development Act of 1972 authorizing the Secretary to temporarily prioritize assistance under certain USDA Rural Development loan and grant programs to respond to a public health emergency. P.L. 115-334 also directs the Secretary to prioritize assistance under certain programs between FY2019 and FY2025 to combat substance use disorder. It directs the Secretary to make available 20% of Distance Learning and Telemedicine Program funds for telemedicine projects that provide substance use disorder treatment services. It also gives priority for assistance under the Community Facilities Program and Rural Health and Safety Education Program to entities providing substance use prevention, treatment, and recovery services. The new law also allows loans or loan guarantees provided to a community facility or rural entity to be used to refinance a rural hospital'’s debt obligation.
P.L. 115-334 includes provisions that address access to broadband in rural communities. The law amends the Rural Broadband Access Loan and Loan Guarantee Program to allow USDA to provide grants, in addition to loans and loan guarantees, to fund broadband deployment projects. It increases authorized appropriations for broadband projects from $25 million to $350 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. Prior law established minimum acceptable levels of broadband service for a rural area for the purposes of this program as 4 megabits per second (Mbps) download and 1 Mbps upload. P.L. 115-334 increases these minimum acceptable levels to 25 Mbps download and 3 Mbps upload. The new law also reauthorizes the Rural Gigabit Network Pilot Program established in the 2014 farm bill (P.L. 113-79) and renames the program Broadband Innovative Advancement. It also codifies the Community Connect Grant Program and authorizes discretionary funding for the program of $50 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. The new law also establishes a Rural Broadband Integration Working Group to identify barriers and opportunities for broadband deployment in rural areas.
The enacted 2018 farm bill directs the Northern Border Regional Commission to establish a new State Capacity Building Grant Program to provide grants to support economic and infrastructure development in commission states. P.L. 115-334 also establishes a Council on Rural Community Innovation and Economic Development to enhance federal efforts to address the needs of rural areas by creating working groups within the council to focus on job acceleration and integration of smart technologies in rural communities and making recommendations to the Secretary of Agriculture.
P.L. 115-334 reauthorizes the Rural Energy Savings Program and amends the program to allow financing of off-grid and renewable energy and energy storage systems. It increases authorized discretionary funding for the Emergency and Imminent Community Assistance Water Program from $35 million per year to $50 million per year for FY2019-FY2023. It also decreases authorized discretionary funding to capitalize revolving water and wastewater loan funds from $30 million per year to $15 million per year for FY2019-FY2023.
P.L. 115-334 amends the definition of rural in the ConAct (P.L. 92-419) to exclude from population-based criteria individuals incarcerated on a "“long-term or regional basis"” and to exclude the first 1,500 individuals who reside in housing located on military bases. It also amends
21 This section was written by Alyssa Casey, Analyst in Agricultural Policy.
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the Housing Act of 1949 to allow any area defined as a rural area between 1990 and 2020 to remain classified as such until receipt of the 2030 decennial census.
Among its other changes, the enacted 2018 farm bill establishes a new technical assistance and training program to assist communities in accessing programs offered through the Rural Business-Cooperative Service. In addition, it amends the Cushion of Credit Payments Program to cease new deposits and modify the interest rate structure that borrowers receive. It also allows borrowers to withdraw deposits from cushion of credit accounts to prepay loans under USDA's ’s Rural Utilities Service without a prepayment penalty through FY2020. The new law amends the Rural Economic Development Loan and Grant Program to authorize $10 million per year in discretionary funding for FY2019-FY2023 and $5 million per year in mandatory funding for FY2022-FY2023. The law also repeals several unfunded programs, including the Rural Telephone Bank, the Rural Collaborative Investment Program, and the Delta Region Agricultural Development Grants Program.
Research22
Research22 USDA is authorized under four major laws to conduct agricultural research at the federal level and to provide support for cooperative research, extension, and postsecondary agricultural education programs in the states through formula funds and competitive grants to land-grant universities (see Table 11). The enacted Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334, , Title VII) reauthorizes funding for these activities through FY2023 with either mandatory funding or discretionary funding that is subject to annual appropriations.
Several new research areas in the High Priority Research and Extension program are designated as high priorities: macadamia tree health, national turfgrass research, fertilizer management, cattle fever ticks, and laying hen and turkey research. The law also reauthorizes the Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative (OREI) and increases mandatory funding levels to $30 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. The Specialty Crop Research Initiative (SCRI) is reauthorized through FY2023 and will continue to include carve-out funding for the Emergency Citrus Disease Research and Extension Program. SCRI also expands program eligibility to include "“size-controlling rootstock systems for perennial crops"” and "“emerging and invasive species,"” among other production practices and technologies.
The enacted law provides new programs for the 1890 land-grant institutions and 1994 tribal colleges of agriculture, authorizes new support for urban and indoor agricultural production, authorizes new funding for industrial hemp research and development, and authorizes an initiative supporting advanced agricultural research. Other provisions reauthorize and extend national genetic resources programs, OREI, and SCRI. The research title also makes changes to the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research and reauthorizes several programs relating to agricultural biosecurity.
The law creates a new scholarship program for students attending 1890 land-grant universities (Historically Black Colleges and Universities). Authorized grants are for young African American students who commit to pursuing a career in the food and agricultural sciences. Another provision of the law also establishes at least three Centers of Excellence, each to be led by an 1890 institution. The centers are to concentrate research and extension activities in one or more defined areas, including nutrition, wellness and health, farming systems and rural prosperity, global food security and defense, natural resources, energy and the environment, and emerging technologies. A similar program, New Beginnings for Tribal Students, is to offer competitive grants to 1994
22 This section was written by Tadlock Cowan, Analyst in Natural Resources and Rural Development.
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tribal agriculture colleges to support recruiting, tuition, experiential learning, student services, counseling, and academic advising to increase the retention and graduation rates of tribal students at 1994 land-grant colleges. Another provision will make 1994 tribal colleges that offer an associate'associate’s degree or a baccalaureate eligible to participate in McIntire-Stennis forestry research support.
Several provisions authorize research and development funding for industrial hemp production. Under the Critical Agricultural Materials Act, hemp will now be included as an industrial product eligible for support. In amending and expanding a provision in the 2014 farm bill (Section 7606, P.L. 113-79), the Secretary is directed to conduct a study of hemp production pilot programs to determine the economic viability of domestic production and sale of hemp. A new provision creates a "“Hemp Production"” subtitle under the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, expanding the existing statutory definition of hemp and expanding eligibility to other producers and groups, including tribes and territories. States or Indian tribes wanting primary regulatory authority over hemp production will be required to implement a plan with specific requirements to further monitor and regulate their production of hemp.
A provision of the research title creates new programs supporting advanced agricultural research and urban, indoor, and emerging agricultural production systems. A new Agriculture Advanced Research and Development Authority (AGARDA) is established as a component of the Office of the Chief Scientist to examine the applicability for advanced research and development in food and agriculture through a pilot program that targets long-term and high-risk research. Focal areas include acceleration of novel, early-stage innovative agricultural research; prototype testing; and licensing and product approval under the Plant Protection Act and the Animal Health Protection Act, among other innovative research tools that might be used in the discovery, development, or manufacture of a food or agricultural product.
The Secretary is to develop and make publicly available a strategic plan setting forth the agenda that AGARDA will follow and provide for consultation with other federal research agencies; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; and others. There are provisions in the AGARDA program to expedite contract and grant awards and the appointments of highly qualified scientists and research program managers without regard to certain statutes governing appointments in the competitive federal service. The fund will have an authorized appropriation of $50 million each year for FY2019-FY2023. The program terminates at the end of FY2023.
The enacted bill also authorizes a new Urban, Indoor, and Emerging Agricultural Production, Research, Education, and Extension Initiative. The provision authorizes the Secretary to make competitive grants to facilitate development of urban and indoor agricultural production systems and emerging harvesting, packaging, and distribution systems and new markets. The grants could also support methods of remediating contaminated urban sites (e.g., brownfields); determining best practices in pest management; exploring new technologies to minimize energy, lighting systems, water, and other inputs for increased food production; and studying new crop varieties and agricultural products to connect to new markets. The provision provides mandatory and discretionary spending of $4 million and $10 million, respectively, for each year for FY2019-FY2023. In addition, there is authorization of $14 million for a study of urban and indoor agriculture production under the 2017 Census of Agriculture, including data on community gardens, rooftop gardens, urban farms, and hydroponic and aquaponic farm facilities.
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Forestry23 Similar to previous farm bills, the forestry title in the enacted 2018 farm bill (P.L. 115-334, Title VIII) includes provisions related to forestry research and establishes, modifies, or repeals several programs to provide financial and technical assistance to nonfederal forest landowners (seesee Table 12).24 The forestry title also includes several provisions addressing management of the National Forest System (NFS) lands managed by the USDA Forest Service and the public lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in the Department of the Interior.
Forestry assistance and research programs are primarily authorized under three main laws: the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act,2525 the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Research Act,2626 and the Healthy Forests Restoration Act.2727 Many forestry programs are permanently authorized to receive such sums as necessary in annual discretionary appropriations and thus do not require reauthorization in the farm bill. Some programs, however, are not permanently authorized and expired at the end of FY2018. The 2018 farm bill reauthorizes, through FY2023, four such programs: the Healthy Forests Reserve Program, Rural Revitalization Technology, National Forest Foundation, and funding for implementing statewide forest resource assessments. The 2018 farm bill also provides explicit statutory authorization and congressional direction for current programs that were operating under existing, but broad, authorizations. For example, the farm bill authorizes the Landscape Scale Restoration program to provide financial assistance for large restoration projects that cross landownership boundaries, providing statutory direction for an assistance program that has been operating since FY2015 based on authorities provided in the 2014 farm bill. The 2018 farm bill also modifies or repeals some existing assistance programs. For example, the bill amends the permanent authorization for the Semiarid Agroforestry Research Center and establishes an FY2023 expiration.
The forestry title also addresses issues related to the accumulation of biomass in many forests and the associated increased risk for uncharacteristic wildfires on both federal and nonfederal land. In Part III of Subtitle F, the Timber Innovation Act incorporates provisions from both the House- and Senate-passed bills to establish, reauthorize, and modify assistance programs to promote wood innovation for energy use and building construction and to facilitate the removal of forest biomass. The law also authorizes up to $20 million in annual appropriations to provide financial assistance to states for hazardous fuel reduction projects that cross landownership boundaries. The law also reduces the annual authorization for the Forest Service'’s hazardous fuels management program from $760 million annually to $660 million annually and adds a sunset date of FY2023 to the authorization. In addition, the law repeals other biomass-related programs, such as the Biomass Commercial Utilization Program, a biomass energy demonstration project, and a wood fiber recycling research program.
The 2018 farm bill contains a provision that changes how the Forest Service and BLM comply with the requirements under the National Environmental Policy Act28 for management activities Act28 for management activities
23 This section was written by Katie Hoover, Specialist in Natural Resource Policy. 24 The Agriculture Committees have jurisdiction over forestry issues generally and any national forest not reserved from the public domain. The House Committee on Natural Resources and the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources have jurisdiction over public lands generally, including national forests reserved from the public domain.
25 P.L. 95-313, 16 U.S.C. §§2101-2114. 26 P.L. 95-307, 16 U.S.C. §§1641 et seq. 27 P.L. 108-148, 16 U.S.C. §§6501-6591c. For more information on these programs, see CRS Report R45219, Forest Service Assistance Programs.
28 P.L. 91-109, 42 U.S.C. §§4321-4347. For more information, see CRS Report RL33152, The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA): Background and Implementation.
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involving sage grouse and/or mule deer habitat. The law establishes a categorical exclusion for specified activities under which projects up to 4,500 acres would not be subject to the requirements to prepare an environmental assessment or environmental impact statement. This provision was in the Senate-passed version of the bill. The House-passed version would have established 10 other categorical exclusions for various activities and would have also changed some of the consultation requirements under the Endangered Species Act.2929 The enacted farm bill also includes provisions from the House bill related to the Forest Service'’s authority to designate insect and disease treatment areas on NFS lands and procedures intended to expedite the environmental analysis for specified priority projects within those areas.3030 Specifically, the enacted farm bill adds hazardous fuels reduction as a priority project category and authorizes larger projects.
The enacted farm bill also addresses miscellaneous federal and tribal forest management issues. For example, the law expands the availability of Good Neighbor Agreements to include federally recognized Indian tribes and county governments and authorizes tribes to enter into contracts to perform specified forest management activities on tribal land. The enacted bill also reauthorizes the Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program to receive appropriations through FY2023, raises the authorized level to $80 million, and authorizes the Secretary to issue waivers to extend projects beyond the initial 10 years. In addition, the enacted farm bill also authorizes the conveyance of NFS land through lease, sale, or exchange. The enacted bill expands the Small Tracts Act, reauthorizes the Facility Realignment and Enhancement program, authorizes the Forest Service to lease administrative sites, and includes provisions for specific parcels.3131 The law also establishes two watershed protection programs on NFS lands and authorizes the Secretary to accept cash or in-kind donations from specified nonfederal partners to implement projects associated with one of those programs.
Energy32
Energy32 The Energy title (Title IX) supports agriculture-based renewable energy. In the 2018 farm bill, the energy title extends eight programs and one initiative through FY2023 (seesee Table 13). It repeals one program and one initiative—the Repowering Assistance Program and the Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative. It establishes one new grant program, the Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program, which is focused on the education and utilization of carbon sequestration as well as biogas systems. The title also amends the eligible material definition for the Biomass Crop Assistance Program to include algae. Further, the law modifies the definitions of biobased product (to include renewable chemicals), biorefinery (to include the conversion of an intermediate ingredient or feedstock), and renewable energy systems (to include ancillary infrastructure such as a storage system).
Mandatory program funding is less than what was provided in earlier farm bills. The 2018 farm bill authorizes a total of $375 million in mandatory funding for FY2019-FY2023. The 2014 farm bill authorized a total of $694 million in mandatory funding over its five-year life. Mandatory funding is provided for the Biobased Markets Program ($15 million over five years), the
29 P.L. 93-205, 16 U.S.C. §1531 et seq. For more information, see CRS Report RL31654, The Endangered Species Act: A Primer.
30 For more information on the forestry provisions in the 2014 farm bill, see CRS Report R43431, Forestry Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill (P.L. 113-79).
31 For more information on Forest Service land disposal, see CRS Report RL34273, Federal Land Ownership: Acquisition and Disposal Authorities.
32 This section was written by Kelsi Bracmort, Specialist in Natural Resources and Energy Policy.
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Biorefinery Assistance Program ($75 million over five years), the Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels ($35 million over five years), the Rural Energy for America Program ($250 million over five years), and the Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers, which is authorized for such sums as necessary for five years but with outlays projected to amount to $0 according to CBO. Mandatory funding is not provided for the Biodiesel Fuel Education Program, the Biomass Research and Development Initiative, the Biomass Crop Assistance Program, or the new Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program. The farm bill also authorizes discretionary appropriations, subject to annual appropriations action.
Horticulture33
Horticulture33 The 2018 farm bill reauthorizes many of the existing farm bill provisions supporting farming operations in the specialty crop, certified organic agriculture, and local foods sectors. These provisions cover several programs and policies benefitting these sectors, including block grants to states, support for farmers markets, data and information collection, education on food safety and biotechnology, and organic certification, among other market development and promotion initiatives (see Table 14).
.
Provisions affecting the specialty crop and certified organic sectors are not limited to the Horticulture title (Title X) but are contained within several other titles. Among these are programs in the Research, Nutrition, and Trade titles, among others. Related programs outside the Horticulture title include SCRI and OREI in the research title, as well as the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program and Section 32 purchases for fruits and vegetables under the Nutrition title, among other farm bill programs.
The new law makes changes both to farmers markets and local foods promotion programs, combining and expanding the Farmers Market Promotion Program and Local Food Promotion Program, along with the Value-Added Agricultural Product Market Development Grants program, to create a new "“Local Agriculture Market Program"” with an expanded mission and mandatory funding of $50 million for FY2019 and each year thereafter, plus authorized appropriations. The law also includes several provisions from S. 3005 (Urban Agriculture Act of 2018) supporting urban agriculture development (including new programs and authorization for both mandatory and discretionary funding in the Miscellaneous, Research, Conservation, and Crop Insurance titles).
The new law also makes changes to USDA'’s National Organic Program (NOP) and related programs, addressing concerns about organic import integrity by including provisions that strengthen the tracking, data collection, and investigation of organic product imports, including certain provisions in H.R. 3871 (Organic Farmer and Consumer Protection Act of 2017). It also amends the eligibility and consultation requirements of the National Organic Standards Board, among other changes. The law reauthorizes NOP appropriations above current levels while reauthorizing current funding for the Organic Production and Market Data Initiatives and for technology upgrades to improve tracking and verification of organic imports. It also expands mandatory funding for the National Organic Certification Cost Share Program.
The new law also includes a number of provisions that further facilitate the commercial cultivation, processing, and marketing of industrial hemp in the United States. These provisions were in the Senate-passed bill and contained within the Horticulture title as well as the Research, Crop Insurance, and Miscellaneous titles of the enacted farm bill. Many of these provisions originated from introduced versions of the Hemp Farming Act of 2018 (S. 2667; ; H.R. 5485). ).
33 This section was written by Renée Johnson, Specialist in Agricultural Policy.
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Chief among these provisions is an amendment to the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. §802(16)) to exclude hemp from the statutory definition of marijuana as redefined in the 2018 farm bill, provided it contains not more than a 0.3% concentration of delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol—marijuana'’s primary psychoactive chemical. The law also creates a new hemp program under the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. Section §1621 et seq.) establishing a regulatory framework for hemp production (under USDA'’s oversight), expands the statutory definition of hemp, and expands eligibility to produce hemp to a broader set of producers and groups, including tribes and territories. States or Indian tribes that seek primary regulatory authority over hemp production would be required to implement a "plan"“plan” to further monitor and regulate hemp production. States and tribal governments without USDA-approved plans would be subject to plans established by USDA to monitor and regulate hemp production. Without a license issued by USDA, it is unlawful to produce hemp in a state or tribal domain. Other provisions in the law'’s crop insurance title make hemp producers eligible to participate in federal crop insurance programs, while provisions in the Research title of the law make hemp production eligible for certain USDA research and development programs.
Crop Insurance34
Crop Insurance34 The federal crop insurance program offers subsidized crop insurance policies to farmers. Farmers can purchase policies that pay indemnities when their yields or revenues fall below guaranteed levels. While the majority of federal crop insurance policies cover yield or revenue losses, the program also offers policies with other types of guarantees, such as index policies that trigger an indemnity payment based on weather conditions.
The Federal Crop Insurance Corporation (FCIC), a government corporation within USDA, pays part of the premium (about 63% on average in crop year 2017) while policy holders—farmers and ranchers—pay the balance. Private insurance companies, known as Approved Insurance Providers, deliver the policies in return for administrative and operating subsidies from FCIC. Approved Insurance Providers also share underwriting risk with FCIC through a mutually negotiated Standard Reinsurance Agreement. The USDA Risk Management Agency administers the federal crop insurance program.
The Crop Insurance title (Title XI) of the enacted 2018 farm bill (P.L. 115-334) makes several modifications to the existing federal crop insurance program (Table 15). CBO projects that the 2018 farm bill will decrease outlays for crop insurance relative to baseline levels by $104 million during the FY2019-FY2028 period. This projected reduction represents around 0.1% of projected crop insurance outlays over the same time period, during which outlays are projected to total about $78 billion.
Within the 2018 farm bill'’s Crop Insurance title, the section with the highest projected increase in outlays ($90 million increase over FY2019-FY2028, Section 11109) expands coverage for forage and grazing by authorizing catastrophic level coverage for insurance plans covering grazing crops and grasses It also allows producers to purchase separate crop insurance policies for crops that can be both grazed and mechanically harvested on the same acres during the same growing season and to receive independent indemnities for each intended use.
Two other sections of the 2018 farm bill have projected outlay increases compared with prior law. One modifies the FCIC board'’s research and development authority in several ways, including redefining beginning farmer or rancher as an individual having actively operated and managed a farm or ranch for less than 10 years, thus making these individuals eligible for federal subsidy
34 This section was written by Isabel Rosa, Analyst in Agricultural Policy.
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benefits available for the purposes of research, development, and implementation of whole-farm insurance plans ($13 million increase over FY2019-FY2028, Section 11122). The other section that is projected to result in higher outlays authorizes FCIC to waive certain viability and marketability requirements in considering proposals from private submitters to develop a policy or pilot program relating to the production of hemp ($8 million increase over FY2019-FY2028, Section 11113).
The 2018 farm bill adds hemp to the definition of eligible crops for federal crop insurance subsidies (Sections 11101 and 11119) and also adds hemp to the list of crops whose policies may cover post-harvest losses (Section 11106). Most federal crop insurance policies do not cover post-harvest losses. Prior to the 2018 farm bill, coverage of post-harvest losses was limited to potatoes, sweet potatoes, and tobacco.
The section in the 2018 farm bill with the highest projected reduction in outlays ($125 million over FY2019-FY2028, Section 11110) raises the administrative fee for catastrophic level coverage from $300 to $655 per crop per county. Four other sections also scored projected reductions in outlays, according to CBO. These sections relate to consolidation and reduction of funding for certain research and development contracts and partnerships ($40 million over FY2019-FY2028, Section 11123); the expansion of enterprise units across county lines ($27 million over FY2019-FY2028, Section 11111); the reduction of funds available for review, compliance, and program integrity ($18 million over FY2019-FY2028, Section 11118); and modifications to how producer benefits are reduced when producing crops on native sod ($4 million over FY2019-FY2028, Section 11114).
Miscellaneous35
Miscellaneous35 The Miscellaneous title (Title XII) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 covers a wide array of issues across six subtitles, including livestock, agriculture and food defense, historically underserved producers, Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 Amendments, other miscellaneous provisions, and general provisions. The enacted provisions are organized by subtitle inin Table 16. Those provisions that were located in the Miscellaneous titles of the House- and Senate-passed bills but were moved to other titles in the enacted bill, along with those provisions that were not enacted, are listed at the end of Table 16.
The livestock subtitle of the enacted 2018 farm bill establishes the National Animal Disease Preparedness Response Program (NADPRP) and the National Animal Vaccine and Veterinary Countermeasures Bank (NAVVCB), both under the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) in the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. Section §8308a). The NADPRP is to address risks to U.S. livestock associated with the introduction of animal diseases and pests. The new law directs the NAVVCB to maintain significant quantities of vaccine and diagnostic products to respond to animal disease outbreaks. It also directs the NAVVCB is to prioritize foot-and-mouth disease. The act authorizes mandatory funding of $120 million for FY2019-FY2022 and $30 million for FY2023 and for each fiscal year thereafter. In addition, $30 million is authorized to be appropriated annually for FY2019-FY2023 for NAHLN, with as such sums as necessary appropriated for the NADPRP and NAVVCB.
Among other livestock provisions, the act authorizes appropriations for the Sheep Production and Marketing Grant Program; provides for a study on a livestock dealer statutory trust; adds llamas, alpacas, live fish, and crawfish to the list of covered animals under the Emergency Livestock Feed Assistance Act; calls for a report on the guidance and outreach USDA'’s Food Safety and
35 This section was written by Joel Greene, Analyst in Agricultural Policy.
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The 2018 Farm Bill (P.L. 115-334): Summary and Side-by-Side Comparison
s Food Safety and Inspection Service provides to small meat processors; and establishes regional cattle and carcass grading centers.
Within the Agriculture and Food Defense subtitle of the enacted bill, the USDA Office of Homeland Security, as authorized in the 2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246), is repealed and reestablished under the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. Section §6901 et seq.). Under the new authorities, USDA is required to conduct Disease and Pest of Concern Response Planning, establish a National Plant Diagnostic Network to monitor threats to plant health, and establish a National Plant Disease Recovery System for long-term planning. The section also amends the criteria for considering the impact on research performance when biological agents or toxins are added to the Biological Agents and Toxins List.
The Historically Underserved Producers subtitle expands USDA activities for beginning, socially disadvantaged, and veteran farmers and ranchers. It prioritizes youth agricultural employment and volunteer programs and promotes the role of youth-serving organizations and school-based agricultural education programs. It also establishes a Tribal Advisory Committee to advise USDA on tribal and Indian affairs. The new law authorizes $50 million in discretionary funding for FY2019-FY2023 for the Farming Opportunities Training and Outreach program and provides mandatory funding for the program that increases from $30 million in FY2019 to $50 million in FY2023. The act also establishes within USDA an Office of Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production to promote urban, indoor, and emerging agricultural practices.
The 2018 farm bill includes conforming amendments that address USDA reorganizational changes that created the Under Secretary for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs, the Under Secretary for Farm Production and Conservation, and the Assistant to the Secretary for Rural Development. For one, the act requires USDA to re-establish the position of Under Secretary of Agriculture for Rural Development that USDA abolished and replaced with an Assistant to the Secretary for Rural Development in its May 2017 reorganization. The new law amends the duties and provisions of the USDA Military Veterans Agricultural Liaison and the Office of Chief Scientist and creates a Rural Health Liaison. It further requires USDA to conduct a civil rights analysis on actions, policies, or decisions that may impact employees, contractors, or beneficiaries of USDA programs based on membership in a federally protected group.
The Other Miscellaneous Provisions and General Provisions subtitles contain 40 provisions that address a wide variety of issues. For example, the Protecting Animals with Shelter provision authorizes USDA—in consultation with the Departments of Justice, Housing and Urban Development, and Health and Human Services—to provide grants for emergency and transitional shelter for victims of domestic and dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking and their pets. Other animal-related provisions ban the slaughter of dogs and cats, impose a ban on animal fighting in U.S. territories, and require a report on the importation of dogs.
The enacted 2018 farm bill reauthorizes the Pima Cotton; the Wool Apparel Manufacturers; and the Wool Research, Development, and Promotion trust funds. It also establishes the Emergency Citrus Disease Research and Development Trust Fund to address invasive citrus diseases and pests. The act extends for 10 years the National Oilheat Research Alliance. It further establishes a Commission on Farm Transition to study issues affecting transitioning farms to the next generation and establishes a Century Farms program to recognize farms that have been owned by the same family and in operation for at least 100 years.
In addition, the enacted bill requires USDA to conduct and issue various studies and reports on a variety of topics, among which are food waste; the business centers of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Farm Service Agency, and the Risk Management Agency; the number of personnel in USDA agencies each year; the effect of absentee landlords; the level of funding
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that would allow the National Institute of Food and Agriculture to address evolving research and extension needs in rural and farming communities; an FDA food labeling regulation (81 Fed. Reg. 33742); and the impact of rice ratooning and post-disaster flooding on migratory birds.
The enacted 2018 farm bill directs USDA to restore exemptions for weighing and inspection services that were included in the United States Grain Standards Act (USGSA) in 2003 that were revoked when the USGSA was reauthorized in 2015. The act requires the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to clarify that the green sea urchin is exempt from the export permission requirements of the Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. Section §1538(d)(1)) and its licensing regulations. The act also amends the Controlled Substance Act (21 U.S.C. Section §802(16)) to exclude industrial hemp from the statutory definition of marijuana.
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Provisions of the 2018 Farm Bill by Title Compared with the House- and Senate-Passed Bills (H.R. 2) and with Prior Law
Table 5. Commodities
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
Table 5. Commodities
Prior Law/Policy
|
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
(H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Commodity Program Terms
Actual crop revenue. The amount
Same as current law. (§1111(1))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
P.L. 115-334)
|
Commodity Program Terms
|
Actual crop revenue. The amount determined by the Secretary under the Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC) program for each covered commodity for a crop year. (7 U.S.C. 9011(1))
|
ARC. Coverage provided under the
Same as current law. (§1111(12))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
ARC program. (7 )).
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
ARC. Coverage provided under the ARC program. (7 U.S.C. 9011(2))
|
U.S.C. 9011(2))
ARC guarantee. The amount
Same as current law. (§1111(23))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
)).
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
ARC guarantee. The amount determined by the Secretary under the ARC program for each covered commodity for a crop year. (7 U.S.C. 9011(3))
Base acres. For purposes of calculating Individual crop-specific base acres are
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
farm program payments, base acres are
retained, as in effect as under the 2014
the number of historical program acres
farm bil subject to any reallocation,
of a specific covered commodity on a
adjustment, or reduction as described in
farm as established under the 2008 farm
Section 1112. (§1111(4))
bil 9011(3))
|
Same as current law. (§1111(3)).
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Base acres. For purposes of calculating farm program payments, base acres are the number of historical program acres of a specific covered commodity on a farm as established under the 2008 farm bill, as in effect on September 30, 2013 (except upland cotton), subject to adjustments (see 7 U.S.C. 90112 below). (7 U.S.C. 9011(4))
County coverage. Type of coverage
No comparable definition.
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
9011(4))
|
Individual crop-specific base acres are retained, as in effect as under the 2014 farm bill subject to any reallocation, adjustment, or reduction as described in Section 1112. (§1111(4))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
County coverage. Type of coverage under the ARC program to be obtained by the producer at the county level. (7 U.S.C. 9011(5))
CRS-33
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Covered commodities. Wheat, oats,
Wheat, oats, and barley (including
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
and barley (including wheat, oats, and
wheat, oats, and barley used for haying
barley used for haying and grazing),
and grazing), corn, grain sorghum, long-
corn, grain sorghum, long-grain rice,
grain rice, medium-grain rice, pulse
medium-grain rice, pulse crops,
crops, soybeans, other oilseeds, seed
soybeans, other oilseeds, and peanuts.
cotton, and peanuts. (§1111(5))
U.S.C. 9011(5))
|
No comparable definition.
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Covered commodities. Wheat, oats, and barley (including wheat, oats, and barley used for haying and grazing), corn, grain sorghum, long-grain rice, medium-grain rice, pulse crops, soybeans, other oilseeds, and peanuts. Effective beginning with the 2018 crop year, the term covered commodity includes seed cotton. (7 U.S.C. 9011(6))
Effective price. The price calculated
Same as current law. (§1111(6))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
9011(6))
|
Wheat, oats, and barley (including wheat, oats, and barley used for haying and grazing), corn, grain sorghum, long-grain rice, medium-grain rice, pulse crops, soybeans, other oilseeds, seed cotton, and peanuts. (§1111(5))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Effective price. The price calculated by the Secretary under the Price Loss Coverage (PLC) program for each covered commodity for a crop year to determine whether PLC payments are required to be provided for that crop year. (7 U.S.C. 9011(7))
No comparable definition.
Effective reference price. The term
No comparable definition.
Identical to House provision. (§1101)
year. (7 U.S.C. 9011(7))
|
Same as current law. (§1111(6))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
No comparable definition.
|
Effective reference price. The term effective reference price, with respect to a covered commodity for a crop year, means the lesser of the followingfol owing: (A) 115% of the reference price for such covered commodity; or (B) the greater of (i) the reference price for such covered commodity or (ii) 85% of the average of the marketing year average price of the covered commodity for the most recent five crop years, excluding each of the crop years with the highest and lowest marketing year average price. (§1111(7))
Extra-long-staple (ELS) cotton.
Same as current law. (§1111(8))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
price. (§1111(7))
|
No comparable definition.
|
Identical to House provision. (§1101)
|
Extra-long-staple (ELS) cotton. Cotton that (A) is produced from pure strain varieties of the Barbadense species or any hybrid of the species or other similar types of ELS cotton,
CRS-34
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
designated by the Secretary, having characteristics needed for various end uses for which U.S. upland cotton is not suitable, and grown in irrigated or other
designated U.S. cotton-growing regions; and (B) is ginned on a rollerrol er-type gin or other authorized gin for experimental purposes. (7 U.S.C. 9011(8))
Generic base acres. The amount of
No comparable provision. Generic base
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
cotton base acres in effect under the
acres are indirectly retained via
2008 farm bil , as adjusted pursuant to
retention of base acres as under prior
Section 1101 of such act, as of
law by Section 1111(4). Base acres are
purposes. (7 U.S.C. 9011(8))
|
Same as current law. (§1111(8))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Generic base acres. The amount of cotton base acres in effect under the 2008 farm bill, as adjusted pursuant to Section 1101 of such act, as of September 30, 2013 (7 U.S.C. September 30, 2013 (7 U.S.C.
discussed further in Section 1112.
9011(9)), subject to any adjustment or reduction. (7 U.S.C. 9012(d))
Individual coverage. Type of
No comparable definition.
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
reduction. (7 U.S.C. 9012(d)).
|
No comparable provision. Generic base acres are indirectly retained via retention of base acres as under prior law by Section 1111(4). Base acres are discussed further in Section 1112.
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Individual coverage. Type of coverage selected by a producer under the ARC program at the farm (not county) level. (7 U.S.C. 9011(10))
No comparable definition. Instead, the
Marketing year average price
No comparable definition.
No comparable definition.
ful text “national average market price
(MYAP). The national average market
received by producers during the 12-
price received by producercounty) level. (7 U.S.C. 9011(10))
|
No comparable definition.
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
No comparable definition. Instead, the full text "national average market price received by producers during the during the
month marketing year” for a covered
12-month marketing year" for a covered
commodity is used in the PLC and ARC programs.
|
Marketing year average price (MYAP). The national average market price received by producer during the 12-month marketing year for a covered commodity. (§1111(9))
|
No comparable definition.
|
No comparable definition.
|
Medium-grain rice. Includes short
commodity. (§1111(9))
programs.
Medium-grain rice. Includes short
Same as current law. (§1111(10))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
grain rice and temperate japonica rice. (7 U.S.C. 9011(11))
|
Other oilseed. A crop of sunflower
Same as current law. (§1111(10))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Other oilseed. A crop of sunflower 11))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
seed, rapeseed, canola, safflower, flaxseed, mustard seed, crambe, sesame seed, or, if designated by the Secretary, another oilseed. (7 U.S.C. 9011(12))
CRS-35
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Payment acres. The number of acres
Same as current law. (§1111(12))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
for a farm, as determined under 7 U.S.C. another oilseed. (7 U.S.C. 9011(12))
|
Same as current law. (§1111(11))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Payment acres. The number of acres for a farm, as determined under 7 U.S.C. 9014, that are eligible for payments under the PLC or ARC programs. (7 U.S.C. 9011(13))
Payment yield. For a covered
For a covered commodity, the yield
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
commodity, the yield used to make
used to make PLC payments under the
counter-cyclical payments under the
2014 farm bil or the yield established in
2008 farm bil as in effect on September
Section 1113. (§1111(13))
U.S.C. 9011(13))
|
Same as current law. (§1111(12))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Payment yield. For a covered commodity, the yield used to make counter-cyclical payments under the 2008 farm bill as in effect on September 30, 2013, or the yield established under the PLC program. (7 U.S.C. 9011(14))
Price Loss Coverage (PLC).
Same as current law. (§1111(14))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
9011(14))
|
For a covered commodity, the yield used to make PLC payments under the 2014 farm bill or the yield established in Section 1113. (§1111(13))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Price Loss Coverage (PLC). Coverage provided under the PLC program. (7 U.S.C. 9011(15))
|
Producer. Generally, an owner,
Same as current law. (§1111(14))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Producer. Generally, an owner, 15))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
operator, landlord, tenant, or sharecropper that shares in the risk of producing a crop and is entitled to share in the crop available for marketing from the farm or would have shared had the crop been produced. For a grower of hybrid seed, the existence of a hybrid seed contract and other program rules shall not adversely affect the ability to receive a payment. (7 U.S.C. 9011(16))
Pulse crop. Dry peas, lentils, small
9011(16))
|
Same as current law. (§1111(15))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Pulse crop. Dry peas, lentils, small 16))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
chickpeas, and large chickpeas. (7 U.S.C. 9011(17))
|
Reference prices: With respect to a
Same as current law. (§1111(16))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Reference prices: With respect to a covered commodity for a crop year: - For wheat, $5.50 per bushel (bu.).
- For corn, $3.70 per bu.
- For grain sorghum, $3.95 per bu.
- For barley, $4.95 per bu.
- For oats, $2.40 per bu.
- For long-grain rice, $14.00 per hundredweight (cwt).
- 17)) but
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
covered commodity for a crop year:
with the fol owing addition:
•
For wheat, $5.50 per bushel (bu.).
Reference price for temperate
•
japonica rice. To reflect price
For corn, $3.70 per bu.
premiums, the reference price for
CRS-36
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
•
For grain sorghum, $3.95 per bu.
temperate japonica rice equals $14.00
•
per cwt., as adjusted by the formula for
For barley, $4.95 per bu.
calculating the effective reference price
•
For oats, $2.40 per bu.
(§1111(7)) multiplied by the ratio of
•
For long-grain rice, $14.00 per
the simple average of the MYAP of
hundredweight (cwt).
medium-grain rice from crop years
•
2012-2016 divided by the simple average
For medium-grain rice, $14.00 per cwt.
of the MYAP of all rice from crop years 2012-2016. (§1116(g))
•
cwt.
- For soybeans, $8.40 per bu.
-
•
For other oilseeds, $20.15 per cwt.
-
•
For peanuts, $535.00 per ton.
-
•
For dry peas, $11.00 per cwt.
-
•
For lentils, $19.97 per cwt.
-
•
For small chickpeas, $19.04 per cwt.
•
cwt.
- For large chickpeas, $21.54 per cwt.
•
cwt.
- For seed cotton, $0.367 per lb.
(7 U.S.C. 9011(18))
Secretary. The Secretary of
Same as current law. (§1111(18))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
(7 U.S.C. 9011(18))
|
Same as current law (§1111(17)) but with the following addition:
Reference price for temperate japonica rice. To reflect price premiums, the reference price for temperate japonica rice equals $14.00 per cwt., as adjusted by the formula for calculating the effective reference price (§1111(7)) multiplied by the ratio of the simple average of the MYAP of medium-grain rice from crop years 2012-2016 divided by the simple average of the MYAP of all rice from crop years 2012-2016. (§1116(g))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Secretary. The Secretary of Agriculture. (7 U.S.C. 9011(19))
|
Agriculture. (7 U.S.C. 9011(19))
Seed cotton. Unginned upland cotton
Same as current law. (§1111(18))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Seed cotton. Unginned upland cotton 19))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
that includes both lint and seed. (7 U.S.C. 9011(20))
|
State. Each of the U.S. states, the
Same as current law. (§1111(19))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
State. Each of the U.S. states, the 20))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any other U.S. territory or possession. (7 U.S.C. 9011(21))
|
Temperate japonica rice. Rice that is Same as current law. (§1111(20))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Temperate japonica rice. Rice that is 21))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
grown in high altitudes or temperate regions of high latitudes with cooler
CRS-37
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
climate conditions in the Western United States, as determined by the Secretary, for the purpose of the reallocation of base acres, the
establishment of a reference price and an effective price, and the determination of the actual crop revenue and ARC guarantee. (7 U.S.C. 9011(22))
Transitional yield. Defined in Section
9011(22))
|
Same as current law. (§1111(21))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Transitional yield. Defined in Section 22))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
502(b) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1502(b)(11)) as the maximum average production per acre or equivalent measure that is assigned to acreage for a crop year by the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation (FCIC) whenever the producer fails to certify that acceptable documentation of production and acreage for the crop year is in the possession of the producer or present the acceptable documentation. (7 U.S.C. 9011(23))
|
United States. When used in a
Same as current law. (§1111(22))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
United States. When used in a 23))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
geographical sense, all of the states. (7 U.S.C. 9011(24))
|
United States premium factor. The
Same as current law. (§1111(23))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
United States premium factor. The 24))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
percentage by which the difference in the U.S. loan schedule premiums for Strict Middling 1 1/8-inch upland cotton and for Middling 1 3/32-inch upland cotton exceeds the difference in the applicable premiums for comparable international qualities. (7 U.S.C. 9011(25))
CRS-38
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
PLC and ARC Programs
Base Acres
One-time reallocation of base
No comparable provision.
Continues current law.
No comparable provision.
acres among covered
Base acres (subject to the 2014-farm-
Base acres are included through the
commodities. Crop-specific base acres bil ’s one-time reallocation choice) are
retention of crop-specific base acres
were subject to a producer’s one-time
included through the retention of crop-
under prior law.
choice to retain base acres or undertake specific base acres under prior law.
a reallocation of total farm base acres
(§1114(a))
9011(25))
|
Same as current law. (§1111(24))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
PLC and ARC Programs
|
Base Acres
|
One-time reallocation of base acres among covered commodities. Crop-specific base acres were subject to a producer's one-time choice to retain base acres or undertake a reallocation of total farm base acres among covered commodities based on average shares of planted base by commodity during the 2009-2012 period. Generic base acres are retained and may not be reallocated. (7 U.S.C. 9012(a))
Seed cotton base acres. Not later
No comparable provision.
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
than May 10, 2018, the Secretary shall
Seed cotton base acres are included
require the owner of a farm to allocate
indirectly through the retention of crop-
all generic base acres based on whether
specific base acres under prior law.
the farm has a recent history of covered (§1114(a))
9012(a))
|
No comparable provision.
Base acres (subject to the 2014-farm-bill's one-time reallocation choice) are included through the retention of crop-specific base acres under prior law. (§1114(a))
|
Continues current law.
|
No comparable provision.
Base acres are included through the retention of crop-specific base acres under prior law.
|
Seed cotton base acres. Not later than May 10, 2018, the Secretary shall require the owner of a farm to allocate all generic base acres based on whether the farm has a recent history of covered commodities (including seed cotton) being planted or prevented from being planted during the 2009-2016 crop years. years.
If a farm has no such recent history, then the farm owner allocates the farm's ’s generic base to unassigned crop base for which no ARC or PLC payments may be made. made.
If a farm has such a recent history, then the farm owner allocates the farm's ’s generic base among seed cotton and other covered commodities as (A) to seed cotton base acres in a quantity equal to the greater of 80% of generic base acres or the average of seed cotton
CRS-39
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
acres planted or prevented from being planted on the farm during the 2009-2012 crop years (not to exceed the farm'farm’s total generic base acres) or (B) to
commodity-specific base acres in proportion to each crop'’s share of planted (or prevented from being planted) acreage during 2009 to 2012. FollowingFol owing the base allocation under either (A) or (B), any residual generic base acres shall be allocated to unassigned crop base for which no ARC or PLC payments may be made.
If a farm owner fails to make an election for generic base, then the farm owner shall be deemed to have elected to allocate all generic base acres in accordance with formulation (A) above. (7 U.S.C. 9014(b)(4))
|
No comparable provision.
Seed cotton base acres are included indirectly through the retention of crop-specific base acres under prior law. (§1114(a))
|
Adjustments to base. Base acres are
The same as current law. (§1112(a))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Adjustments to base. Base acres are increased/decreased when land leaves/enters conservation programs. (7 U.S.C. 9012(b)).
|
Prevention of excess base acres.
The same as current law. (§1112(a))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Prevention of excess base acres. b))
Continues current law with technical
Identical to Senate provision.
Base is reduced if the sum of the base acres for the farm (including any new oilseed acreage and generic base acres) plus any acreage in the Conservation
correction to change wetlands reserve
(§1102(a))
acres for the farm (including any new
program to wetland reserve easements
oilseed acreage and generic base acres)
under the Agricultural Conservation
plus any acreage in the Conservation
Easement Program. (§1709(a))
Reserve Program (CRP) or the Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) (or any other federal conservation program that makes payments in exchange for not producing a crop) exceeds the actual cropland acreage on the farm. An exception shall be made in the case of certain double-cropped acreage as
CRS-40
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
determined by the Secretary. The owner of the farm shall be given an opportunity to select the base acres that will wil be reduced. (7 U.S.C. 9012(c))
Reduction of base acres. The farm
Reduction of base acres is the same as
Continues current law.
Similar to House provision in retaining
owner may reduce, at any time, base
current law (§1112(c)(1-2)) but with
“reduction of base acres” (1) and (2) of
acres for any covered commodity. Such
two additional provisions under Section
(7 U.S.C. 9012(d)) but with two new
reduction shall be permanent. Base is
1112(c)(3) and Section 1112(c)(4).
conditions below. (§1102(b))
reduced proportionately when acreage has been subdivided and developed for multiple residential units or other nonfarming uses. (7 U.S.C. 9012(d))
No comparable provision.
Treatment of unplanted base. If no
No comparable provision.
Treatment of base planted to grass
base acres are planted to a covered
or pasture. If all cropland on a farm
commodity during the period January 1,
(including idled or fallow land) was
2009, to December 31, 2017, then all
planted to grass or pasture during
the base acres on that farm are allocated
January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2017,
to unassigned crop base for which no
then all base acres and payment yields
payment shall be made. (§1112(c)(3))
9012(c))
|
The same as current law. (§1112(b))
|
Continues current law with technical correction to change wetlands reserve program to wetland reserve easements under the Agricultural Conservation Easement Program. (§1709(a))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§1102(a))
|
Reduction of base acres. The farm owner may reduce, at any time, base acres for any covered commodity. Such reduction shall be permanent. Base is reduced proportionately when acreage has been subdivided and developed for multiple residential units or other nonfarming uses. (7 U.S.C. 9012(d))
|
Reduction of base acres is the same as current law (§1112(c)(1-2)) but with two additional provisions under Section 1112(c)(3) and Section 1112(c)(4).
|
Continues current law.
|
Similar to House provision in retaining "reduction of base acres" (1) and (2) of (7 U.S.C. 9012(d)) but with two new conditions below. (§1102(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Treatment of unplanted base. If no base acres are planted to a covered commodity during the period January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2017, then all the base acres on that farm are allocated to unassigned crop base for which no payment shall be made. (§1112(c)(3))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Treatment of base planted to grass or pasture. If all cropland on a farm (including idled or fallow land) was planted to grass or pasture during January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2017, then all base acres and payment yields on that farm are retained, but no payment shall be made to those base acres under ARC or PLC during the 2019-2023 crop years. The producers on such a farm are not eligible to change their election option of ARC or PLC. (§1102(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Reconstitution of farm to expand
No comparable provision.
Prohibition on reconstitution of
base. The Secretary shall ensure that a
farm. The Secretary shall ensure that a
farm may not be reconstituted after the
farm may not be reconstituted to void
date of enactment of this section to
or change the treatment of base acres.
alter the treatment of base acres.
(§1102(b))
(§1112(c)(4))
Payment Yields
Payment yields. For making PLC
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
program payments, all covered commodities must use a program yield
CRS-41
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Reconstitution of farm to expand base. The Secretary shall ensure that a farm may not be reconstituted after the date of enactment of this section to alter the treatment of base acres. (§1112(c)(4))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Prohibition on reconstitution of farm. The Secretary shall ensure that a farm may not be reconstituted to void or change the treatment of base acres. (§1102(b))
|
Payment Yields
|
Payment yields. For making PLC program payments, all covered commodities must use a program yield to derive a per-acre payment rate. In this regard, the Secretary shall establish a program yield for each farm for any designated oilseed for which a payment
yield was not established under Section 1102 of the 2008 farm billbil . (7 U.S.C. 9013(a))
Payment yield for designated
To make PLC payments, this provision
Continues current law.
Similar to House provision but with the
oilseeds. For designated oilseeds, such
continues the Secretary’s authority to
fol owing amendment: For any oilseed
a payment yield on a farm equals the
establish payment yields for each farm
that is designated on or after the date of
product of the average yield per planted
for any designated oilseed that does not
enactment of the 2018 farm bil , the
acre for the 1998-2001 crop years
have a payment yield under the 2014
payment yield shall be calculated as 90%
(excluding years in which acreage
farm bil . The payment yield is calculated
of the most recent five-year-average
planted was zero) and the ratio of the
as 90% of the most recent five-year-
yield (excluding any year in which the
national average yield for the 1981-1985 average yield (excluding any year in
yield was zero). (§1103(a))
crops and the national average yield for
which the yield was zero). Provides that
the 1998-2001 crops. If the yield per
this subsection only applies to oilseeds
planted acre for a designated oilseed for
designated after the date of enactment
any of the 1998-2001 crop years was
of the Agriculture and Nutrition Act of
less than 75% of the county yield for
2018. (§1113(a))
9013(a))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Payment yield for designated oilseeds. For designated oilseeds, such a payment yield on a farm equals the product of the average yield per planted acre for the 1998-2001 crop years (excluding years in which acreage planted was zero) and the ratio of the national average yield for the 1981-1985 crops and the national average yield for the 1998-2001 crops. If the yield per planted acre for a designated oilseed for any of the 1998-2001 crop years was less than 75% of the county yield for that designated oilseed, the Secretary shall assign a yield "plug"“plug” for that crop year equal to 75% of the county yield. (7 U.S.C. 9013(b))
For other covered commodities, see the discussion under 7 U.S.C. 9013 (c)-(e).
Absence of payment yield. In the
Authorizes the Secretary to establish a
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
case of a covered commodity on a farm
payment yield if no payment yield is
for which base acres have been
otherwise established for a covered
established or that is planted on generic
commodity using the program payment
base acres, if no payment yield has been
yields of similarly situated farms.
established, the Secretary shall establish
(§1113(b))
discussion under 7 U.S.C. 9013 (c)-(e).
|
To make PLC payments, this provision continues the Secretary's authority to establish payment yields for each farm for any designated oilseed that does not have a payment yield under the 2014 farm bill. The payment yield is calculated as 90% of the most recent five-year-average yield (excluding any year in which the yield was zero). Provides that this subsection only applies to oilseeds designated after the date of enactment of the Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018. (§1113(a))
|
Continues current law.
|
Similar to House provision but with the following amendment: For any oilseed that is designated on or after the date of enactment of the 2018 farm bill, the payment yield shall be calculated as 90% of the most recent five-year-average yield (excluding any year in which the yield was zero). (§1103(a))
|
Absence of payment yield. In the case of a covered commodity on a farm for which base acres have been established or that is planted on generic base acres, if no payment yield has been established, the Secretary shall establish an appropriate payment yield by taking into consideration the farm program payment yields applicable to that covered commodity for similarly
CRS-42
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
situated farms. The use of such data in an appeal, by the Secretary or by the producer, shall not be subject to any other provision of law. (7 U.S.C. 9013(c))
Updating payment yields. The
Yield update for drought-affected
Continues current law.
Single opportunity to update
owner of a farm was given a one-time
counties. Provides a one-time
yields. Provides a one-time opportunity
opportunity to update, on a covered
opportunity for a farm owner to update
for a farm owner to update program
commodity-by-covered-commodity
yields where the farm is located in a
yields on a covered-commodity-by-
basis, the payment yield used in
county that experienced 20 or more
covered-commodity basis for use in
calculating PLC payments for each
consecutive weeks of exceptional
calculating any PLC payment. Yields may
covered commodity for which the PLC
drought (rated D4 by the U.S. Drought
be updated at 90% of average yield per
election was made. The election shall be Monitor) between January 1, 2008, and
planted acre for 2013-2017 crop years
made at a time and manner to be in
December 31, 2012. On a covered-
but subject to a commodity-specific
effect beginning with the 2014 crop year commodity by covered-commodity
adjustment factor (equal to the ratio of
as determined by the Secretary. The
basis, yields may be updated as 90% of
the 2008-2012 national average yield
PLC payment yield update was equal to
average yield per planted acre for 2013-
over the 2013-2017 national average
90% of the average of the yield per
2017 crop years. (§1113(c))
yield) to account for national increase in
planted acre for the covered commodity
trend yield. The yield update election
for the 2008-2012 crop years, excluding
must be made so as to be in effect
any crop year in which the acreage
beginning with the 2020 crop year.
planted to the covered commodity was
(§1103(b))
zero. (7 U.S.C. 9013(d))
Yield plug. If the yield for any of the
If the farm-level yield is less than 75% of
Similar to the House provision but with
2008-2012 crop years was less than 75% the average county yield for a covered
the fol owing amendment: The election
of the average county yield, a “plug”
commodity for any of the years
must be made so as to be in effect
yield was used for that crop year equal
(excluding any year in which the yield
beginning with the 2020 crop year.
to 75% of the county average for 2008
was zero), then the Secretary shal
(§1103(b))
to 2012. (7 U.S.C. 9013(d)(4))
9013(c))
|
Authorizes the Secretary to establish a payment yield if no payment yield is otherwise established for a covered commodity using the program payment yields of similarly situated farms. (§1113(b))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Updating payment yields. The owner of a farm was given a one-time opportunity to update, on a covered commodity-by-covered-commodity basis, the payment yield used in calculating PLC payments for each covered commodity for which the PLC election was made. The election shall be made at a time and manner to be in effect beginning with the 2014 crop year as determined by the Secretary. The PLC payment yield update was equal to 90% of the average of the yield per planted acre for the covered commodity for the 2008-2012 crop years, excluding any crop year in which the acreage planted to the covered commodity was zero. (7 U.S.C. 9013(d))
|
Yield update for drought-affected counties. Provides a one-time opportunity for a farm owner to update yields where the farm is located in a county that experienced 20 or more consecutive weeks of exceptional drought (rated D4 by the U.S. Drought Monitor) between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2012. On a covered-commodity by covered-commodity basis, yields may be updated as 90% of average yield per planted acre for 2013-2017 crop years. (§1113(c))
|
Continues current law.
|
Single opportunity to update yields. Provides a one-time opportunity for a farm owner to update program yields on a covered-commodity-by-covered-commodity basis for use in calculating any PLC payment. Yields may be updated at 90% of average yield per planted acre for 2013-2017 crop years but subject to a commodity-specific adjustment factor (equal to the ratio of the 2008-2012 national average yield over the 2013-2017 national average yield) to account for national increase in trend yield. The yield update election must be made so as to be in effect beginning with the 2020 crop year. (§1103(b))
|
Yield plug. If the yield for any of the 2008-2012 crop years was less than 75% of the average county yield, a "plug" yield was used for that crop year equal to 75% of the county average for 2008 to 2012. (7 U.S.C. 9013(d)(4))
|
If the farm-level yield is less than 75% of the average county yield for a covered commodity for any of the years (excluding any year in which the yield was zero), then the Secretary shall assign 75% of the 2013-2017 average county yield for the covered commodity for that crop year. The election must be made prior to the 2019 crop year. (§1113(c)(3))
|
|
Similar to the House provision but with the following amendment: The election must be made so as to be in effect beginning with the 2020 crop year. (§1103(b))
|
Payment yield for seed cotton. The
Payment yield for seed cotton. The
The average yield for seed cotton per
Continues current law.
The average yield for seed cotton per
payment yield for seed cotton for a farm shall be equal to 2.4 times the payment yield for upland cotton for the farm established under the 2008 farm bill, as in effect on September 30, 2013. At the sole discretion of the owner of a farm with an established yield for upland cotton, the owner shall have a one-time opportunity to update the payment yield for upland cotton, as provided in 7 U.S.C. 9013(d), for the purpose of calculating the payment yield for seed cotton. (7 U.S.C. 9013(e))
|
The average yield for seed cotton per planted acre equals 2.4 times the average yield for upland cotton per planted acre. At the discretion of the owner of a farm that meets the drought criteria described in this section, the owner may update the payment yield for upland cotton, using the same method as described in this section. (§1113(c))
|
Continues current law.
|
The average yield for seed cotton per planted acre equals 2.4 times the average yield for upland cotton per planted acre. (§1103(b))
|
Payment Acres
|
Payment acres. With respect to PLC and county-level ARC payments, payment acres are 85% of the base acres planted acre equals 2.4 times the
planted acre equals 2.4 times the
shall be equal to 2.4 times the payment
average yield for upland cotton per
CRS-43
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
yield for upland cotton for the farm
planted acre. At the discretion of the
average yield for upland cotton per
established under the 2008 farm bil , as
owner of a farm that meets the drought
planted acre. (§1103(b))
in effect on September 30, 2013. At the
criteria described in this section, the
sole discretion of the owner of a farm
owner may update the payment yield for
with an established yield for upland
upland cotton, using the same method
cotton, the owner shall have a one-time
as described in this section. (§1113(c))
opportunity to update the payment yield for upland cotton, as provided in 7 U.S.C. 9013(d), for the purpose of calculating the payment yield for seed cotton. (7 U.S.C. 9013(e))
Payment Acres
Payment acres. With respect to PLC
Continues the establishment of payment Continues current law.
Continues current law.
and county-level ARC payments,
acres for PLC and county-level ARC
payment acres are 85% of the base acres payments for each covered commodity of a covered commodity on a farm. For
on the farm at 85% of the base acres.
of a covered commodity on a farm. For individual (farm-level) ARC, the payment (§1114(a)) acres equal 65% of the base acres for all of the covered commodities on the farm.
No reference is made to the individual
of the covered commodities on the
farm-level ARC program or its
farm.
associated payment acres.
Generic base is eligible for payments if a covered crop is planted on the farm. Specifically, for each crop year, generic base acres are attributed (i.e., temporarily designated as) base acres to a particular covered commodity base in proportion to that crop'’s share of total plantings of all covered commodities in that year. The amount of generic base attributed for a particular year cannot exceed the acreage planted to covered crops in that year (use of double-cropping for payment calculations is not allowed unless the practice is approved by the Secretary). (7 U.S.C. 9014)
CRS-44
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Exclusion from payment acres.
No comparable provision.
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
by the Secretary). (7 U.S.C. 9014)
|
Continues the establishment of payment acres for PLC and county-level ARC payments for each covered commodity on the farm at 85% of the base acres. (§1114(a))
No reference is made to the individual farm-level ARC program or its associated payment acres.
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Exclusion from payment acres. Payment acres may not include any crop subsequently planted during the same crop year on the same land for which the first crop is eligible for PLC or ARC payments unless the crop was approved for double cropping as determined by the Secretary. (7 U.S.C. 9014(c))
Minimal payment acres. A producer
Same as current law. (§1114(b))
Continues current law.
Retains current law but with new
on a farm may not receive PLC
exemptions. First, a farmer may
payments or ARC payments if the sum
combine base acres from all farms in
of the base acres on the farm is 10 acres
which the farmer has an interest. If this
or less except for socially disadvantaged
aggregate total for base acres is greater
farmers/ranchers or limited resource
than 10 acres, then these acres are
farmers/ranchers. (7 U.S.C. 9014(d))
the Secretary. (7 U.S.C. 9014(c))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Minimal payment acres. A producer on a farm may not receive PLC payments or ARC payments if the sum of the base acres on the farm is 10 acres or less except for socially disadvantaged farmers/ranchers or limited resource farmers/ranchers. (7 U.S.C. 9014(d))
|
Same as current law. (§1114(b))
|
Continues current law.
|
Retains current law but with new exemptions. First, a farmer may combine base acres from all farms in which the farmer has an interest. If this aggregate total for base acres is greater than 10 acres, then these acres are exempted from the prohibition on ARC and PLC payments. Also, two additional producer groupings—beginning farmers or ranchers and veteran farmers or ranchers—are excluded from the minimal base acres payment prohibition. (§1104(1))
|
Effect of planting fruits and
Same as current law. (§1114(c))
Amends this section to specify that any
Amends this section similar to Senate
vegetables on payment acres. Any
plantings to FVWR, for which a
provision but with different wording.
crop may be planted without effect on
reduction in payment acres is made
For each crop year for which FVWR are
base acres. However, payment acres on
under this subsection, shall not be used
planted to base acres on a farm for
a farm are reduced in any crop year in
to reduce base acres, meaning that such
which a reduction in payment acres is
which fruits, vegetables (other than
plantings of FVWR shall be considered
made under this subsection, the
mung beans and pulse crops), or wild
to be the same as the planting and
Secretary shall consider such base acres
rice (FVWR) have been planted on base
production of a covered commodity for
to be planted, or prevented from being
acres. The reduction to payment acres
purposes of recalculating base acres.
planted, to a covered commodity for
is one-for-one for each acre planted to
(§1101)
purposes of any adjustment or
these crops in excess of 15% of base
reduction of base acres. (§1104(2))
Effect of planting fruits and vegetables on payment acres. Any crop may be planted without effect on base acres. However, payment acres on a farm are reduced in any crop year in which fruits, vegetables (other than mung beans and pulse crops), or wild rice (FVWR) have been planted on base acres. The reduction to payment acres is one-for-one for each acre planted to these crops in excess of 15% of base acres for either the PLC or county coverage under the ARC program and in excess of 35% of base acres for ARC
CRS-45
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
individual coverage. (7 U.S.C. individual coverage. (7 U.S.C. 9014(e)(1-3))
No reduction to payment acres shall be made under this subsection, as
determined by the Secretary, if FVWR are grown solely for conservation purposes and not harvested for use or sale or if a region has a history of double-cropping covered commodities with FVWR and the FVWR were so double-cropped on the base acres. (7 U.S.C. 9014(e)(4))
Unassigned crop base. Requires the
Requires the Secretary to maintain
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
Secretary to maintain information on
information on unassigned crop base
generic base acres on a farm allocated as acres on a farm under the one-time unassigned crop base under the
reallocation of base acres under the
formulation for seed cotton base acres.
2014 farm bil and prevention of excess
(7 U.S.C. 9014(b)(4)(B,D);
base acres. (§1114(d))
7 U.S.C. 9014(f))
Producer Election
Producer election. For the 2014-2018 For the 2019-2023 crop years, all
For the 2019-2023 crop years, all
For the 2019-2020 crop years, all
crop years, all producers involved in a
producers involved in a single farm
producers on a farm must unanimously
producers on a farm must unanimously
single farm operation had to
operation must unanimously make a
make a one-time, irrevocable election to make a one-time, irrevocable election to
unanimously make a one-time,
one-time, irrevocable election to obtain
obtain either PLC or county-level ARC
obtain either PLC or county-level ARC
irrevocable election to obtain either (1)
either PLC or county-level ARC on a
on a covered-commodity-by-covered-
on a covered-commodity-by-covered-
Price Loss Coverage (PLC) program or
covered-commodity-by-covered-
commodity basis. (§1102)
commodity basis. If no choice is made,
county-level ARC on a covered-
commodity basis. (§1115(a))
the selection defaults to the same
commodity-by-covered-commodity
Prohibits farm reconstitution to void or
coverage as existed on the farm for the
basis or (2) ARC individual coverage
change an election made under this
2015-2018 crop years. For the 2021
applicable to all of the covered
section. (§1115(c))
crop year and each year thereafter
commodities on the farm.
through 2023, all of the producers on a
(7 U.S.C. 9015)
farm may agree to change the election
9014(e)(4))
|
Same as current law. (§1114(c))
|
Amends this section to specify that any plantings to FVWR, for which a reduction in payment acres is made under this subsection, shall not be used to reduce base acres, meaning that such plantings of FVWR shall be considered to be the same as the planting and production of a covered commodity for purposes of recalculating base acres. (§1101)
|
Amends this section similar to Senate provision but with different wording. For each crop year for which FVWR are planted to base acres on a farm for which a reduction in payment acres is made under this subsection, the Secretary shall consider such base acres to be planted, or prevented from being planted, to a covered commodity for purposes of any adjustment or reduction of base acres. (§1104(2))
|
Unassigned crop base. Requires the Secretary to maintain information on generic base acres on a farm allocated as unassigned crop base under the formulation for seed cotton base acres. (7 U.S.C. 9014(b)(4)(B,D); 7 U.S.C. 9014(f))
|
Requires the Secretary to maintain information on unassigned crop base acres on a farm under the one-time reallocation of base acres under the 2014 farm bill and prevention of excess base acres. (§1114(d))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Producer Election
|
Producer election. For the 2014-2018 crop years, all producers involved in a single farm operation had to unanimously make a one-time, irrevocable election to obtain either (1) Price Loss Coverage program (PLC) or county-level ARC on a covered-commodity-by-covered-commodity basis or (2) ARC individual coverage applicable to all of the covered commodities on the farm. (7 U.S.C. 9015)
Note: In Section 60101(a) of the Note: In Section 60101(a) of the
between PLC and ARC.
Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123; BBA), producers of seed cotton
(§1105 (1)-(2))
123; BBA), producers of seed cotton
CRS-46
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
base were given a one-time election for their seed cotton base between PLC and county-level ARC in the 2018 crop year. (7 U.S.C. 9015(g))
Failure to make a choice. Failure to
Failure to make a unanimous election
Failure to make a unanimous election
Similar to the Senate provision but with
make a unanimous election for the 2014 for the 2019 crop year results in no
for the 2019 crop year results in no
an amendment. Failure to make a
crop year results in no program
program payments to the farm for the
program payments to the farm for the
unanimous election for the 2019 crop
payments to the farm for the 2014 crop
2019 crop year, and producers on the
2019 crop year, and producers on the
year results in no program payments to
year, and the producers on the farm are
farm are deemed to have elected PLC
farm are deemed to have elected county the farm for the 2019 crop year, and
deemed to have elected PLC for all
for all covered commodities on the farm coverage for all covered commodities
producers on the farm are deemed to
covered commodities on the farm for
for the 2020-2023 crop years.
on the farm for the 2020 through 2023
have elected the same coverage for the
the 2015-2018 crop years. If all the
(§1115(b))
crop years. (§1102(2))
2020-2023 crop years as was applicable
producers on a farm selected ARC
for the 2015-2018 crop years.
county coverage for a covered
(§1105(3))
9015(g))
|
For the 2019-2023 crop years, all producers involved in a single farm operation must unanimously make a one-time, irrevocable election to obtain either PLC or county-level ARC on a covered-commodity-by-covered-commodity basis. (§1115(a))
Prohibits farm reconstitution to void or change an election made under this section. (§1115(c))
|
For the 2019-2023 crop years, all producers on a farm must unanimously make a one-time, irrevocable election to obtain either PLC or county-level ARC on a covered-commodity-by-covered-commodity basis. (§1102)
|
For the 2019-2020 crop years, all producers on a farm must unanimously make a one-time, irrevocable election to obtain either PLC or county-level ARC on a covered-commodity-by-covered-commodity basis. If no choice is made, the selection defaults to the same coverage as existed on the farm for the 2015-2018 crop years. For the 2021 crop year and each year thereafter through 2023, all of the producers on a farm may agree to change the election between PLC and ARC. (§1105 (1)-(2))
|
Failure to make a choice. Failure to make a unanimous election for the 2014 crop year results in no program payments to the farm for the 2014 crop year, and the producers on the farm are deemed to have elected PLC for all covered commodities on the farm for the 2015-2018 crop years. If all the producers on a farm selected ARC county coverage for a covered commodity, the Secretary could not make PLC payments to the producers on the farm with respect to that covered commodity. If all the producers on a farm selected individual coverage, payment calculations included the producer'producer’s share of all farms in the same state in which the producer has an interest and for which individual coverage was selected. Producers on a farm cannot reconstitute the farm to void or change a program election. (7 U.S.C. 9015(c))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Option to change producer
Option to change producer
election. Notwithstanding 7 U.S.C.
election. Notwithstanding 7 U.S.C.
9015(a), amends current law to al ow
9015(a), amends current law to al ow
participating producers a one-time
participating producers a one-time
choice in crop year 2021 to change their choice in crop year 2021 and each crop election choice between ARC and PLC
year thereafter to change their election
for crop years 2021-2023. (§1106)
choice between ARC and PLC. The new election shall apply to the crop year for which it is made and each crop year
CRS-47
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
thereafter until another election is made. (§1105(5))
Annual filing for ARC and PLC. In
One-time filing for ARC and PLC.
No comparable provision.
Options for electronic filing and
accordance with its authority to
Participating producers may file a one-
multi-year contract for ARC and
implement these programs (7 U.S.C.
time program contract with USDA to
PLC. Producers may remotely and
1601), USDA is directed to issue
enrol in ARC or PLC through crop year
electronically sign annual contracts for
regulations. Such regulations require
2023. Farmers must update their
ARC and PLC, and producers have the
that eligible producers of covered
contract within one year if any changes
option to sign a multi-year contract for
commodities with base acres must
are made to the farm operation. USDA
the ARC and PLC programs.
execute and submit an ARC or PLC
shall provide a notice to each producer
(§1706(b))
program contract not later than June 1
(filing a contract) that includes other
of the applicable year for each of 2016
USDA reporting requirements. (§1612)
through 2018 fiscal year contracts. (7 C.F.R. §1412.41)
Price Loss Coverage (PLC) Program
PLC. Establishes the PLC program for
Requires the Secretary to make PLC
Extends the PLC program through 2023. Identical to House provision.
crop years 2014-2018. PLC payments
payments on a covered-commodity-by-
(§1103(1))
(§1106(1)(D))
are made on a farm where the owners
covered-commodity basis where all of
have unanimously elected to participate
the producers on a farm have elected
in PLC on a covered commodity-by-
PLC for crop years 2019-2023 when the
covered-commodity basis if the effective U.S.C. 9015(c))
|
Failure to make a unanimous election for the 2019 crop year results in no program payments to the farm for the 2019 crop year, and producers on the farm are deemed to have elected PLC for all covered commodities on the farm for the 2020-2023 crop years. (§1115(b))
|
Failure to make a unanimous election for the 2019 crop year results in no program payments to the farm for the 2019 crop year, and producers on the farm are deemed to have elected county coverage for all covered commodities on the farm for the 2020 through 2023 crop years. (§1102(2))
|
Similar to the Senate provision but with an amendment. Failure to make a unanimous election for the 2019 crop year results in no program payments to the farm for the 2019 crop year, and producers on the farm are deemed to have elected the same coverage for the 2020-2023 crop years as was applicable for the 2015-2018 crop years. (§1105(3))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Option to change producer election. Notwithstanding 7 U.S.C. 9015(a), amends current law to allow participating producers a one-time choice in crop year 2021 to change their election choice between ARC and PLC for crop years 2021-2023. (§1106)
|
Option to change producer election. Notwithstanding 7 U.S.C. 9015(a), amends current law to allow participating producers a one-time choice in crop year 2021 and each crop year thereafter to change their election choice between ARC and PLC. The new election shall apply to the crop year for which it is made and each crop year thereafter until another election is made. (§1105(5))
|
Annual filing for ARC and PLC. In accordance with its authority to implement these programs (7 U.S.C. 1601), USDA is directed to issue regulations. Such regulations require that eligible producers of covered commodities with base acres must execute and submit an ARC or PLC program contract not later than June 1 of the applicable year for each of 2016 through 2018 fiscal year contracts. (7 C.F.R. §1412.41)
|
One-time filing for ARC and PLC. Participating producers may file a one-time program contract with USDA to enroll in ARC or PLC through crop year 2023. Farmers must update their contract within one year if any changes are made to the farm operation. USDA shall provide a notice to each producer (filing a contract) that includes other USDA reporting requirements. (§1612)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Options for electronic filing and multi-year contract for ARC and PLC. Producers may remotely and electronically sign annual contracts for ARC and PLC, and producers have the option to sign a multi-year contract for the ARC and PLC programs. (§1706(b))
|
Price Loss Coverage (PLC) Program
|
|
PLC. Establishes the PLC program for crop years 2014-2018. PLC payments are made on a farm where the owners have unanimously elected to participate in PLC on a covered commodity-by-covered-commodity basis if the effective price is less than the reference price. (7 U.S.C. 9016(a))
|
Requires the Secretary to make PLC payments on a covered-commodity-by-covered-commodity basis where all of the producers on a farm have elected PLC for crop years 2019-2023 when the effective price for a crop year is less than the effective reference price. (§1116(a))
|
Extends the PLC program through 2023. (§1103(1))
|
Identical to House provision. (§1106(1)(D))
|
PLC Effective Price
|
Effective price. The higher of (1) the "effective price for a crop year is less price is less than the reference price.
than the effective reference price.
(7 U.S.C. 9016(a))
(§1116(a))
PLC Effective Price
Effective price. The higher of (1) the
Same as current law. (§1116(b))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
“national average market price received by producers during the 12-month marketing year"” for the covered commodity, as determined by the Secretary, or (2) the national average loan rate for a marketing assistance loan. (7 U.S.C. 9016(b))
CRS-48
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Effective price for barley. The all-
Same as current law. (§1116(f))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
barley price. (7 U.S.C. 9016(f))
Effective price for seed cotton. The
Same as current law.
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
loan rate for a marketing assistance loan. (7 U.S.C. 9016(b))
|
Same as current law. (§1116(b))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Effective price for barley. The all-barley price. (7 U.S.C. 9016(f))
|
Same as current law. (§1116(f))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Effective price for seed cotton. The MYAP for seed cotton, calculated as the quotient obtained by dividing (A) the sum obtained by adding (i) the product of the upland cotton lint MYAP and total U.S. upland cotton lint production, measured in pounds, and (iii ) the product of the cottonseed MYAP and total U.S. cottonseed production, measured in pounds; by (B) the sum of total U.S. upland cotton lint production and total U.S. cottonseed production, both measured in pounds. (7 U.S.C. 9016(h))
Reference price for temperate
Reference price for temperate
Continues current law.
Identical to House provision.
9016(h)).
|
Same as current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Reference price for temperate japonica rice. The Secretary shall provide a reference price with respect to temperate japonica rice in an amount equal to 115% of the amount established for long grain and medium grain rice in order to reflect price premiums. (7 U.S.C. 9016(g))
|
Reference price for temperate japonica rice. To reflect price premiums, the reference price for temperate japonica rice equals $14.00 per cwt., as adjusted by the formula for calculating the effective reference price (Section 1111(17)) multiplied by the The Secretary shall
japonica rice. To reflect price
(§1106(3))
provide a reference price with respect
premiums, the reference price for
to temperate japonica rice in an amount
temperate japonica rice equals $14.00
equal to 115% of the amount established per cwt., as adjusted by the formula for for long grain and medium grain rice in
calculating the effective reference price
order to reflect price premiums.
(Section 1111(17)) multiplied by the
(7 U.S.C. 9016(g))
ratio of the simple average of the MYAP of medium-grain rice from crop years 2012-2016 divided by the simple average of the MYAP of all rice from crop years 2012-2016. (§1116(g))
CRS-49
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
PLC Payment Rate and Payment Amount
PLC payment rate. The difference
Defines the PLC payment rate for each
Continues current law.
Similar to the House provision with an
between the reference price in statute
covered commodity, for the crop years
amendment. Not later than 30 days
and the MYAP or loan rate, if higher.
2019 through 2023, as the difference
after the end of each applicable 12-
(7 U.S.C. 9016(c))
between the effective reference price
month marketing year for each covered
and the effective price for a crop year,
commodity, the Secretary shall publish
when the effective price is lower.
the PLC payment rate. (§1106(2)(B))
(§1116(c))
PLC payment amount. If PLC
If PLC payments for a covered
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
payments for a covered commodity are
commodity are triggered for any of crop
triggered for any of crop years 2014-
years 2019-2023, the payment amount
2018, the payment amount equals the
equals the payment rate times payment
payment rate times payment acres times acres times payment yield. (§1116(d)) payment yield. (7 U.S.C. 9016(d))
Timing of PLC payment. Payments
Same as current law. (§1116(e))
Not later than 30 days after the end of
Identical to Senate provision regarding
shall be made beginning October 1, or
each applicable 12-month marketing
timing but with an additional provision
as soon as practicable thereafter, after
year for each covered commodity, the
for insufficient data.
the end of the applicable marketing year
Secretary shall publish the PLC payment
Insufficient data. In the case of a
for the covered commodity. (7 U.S.C.
rate. (§1103(2))
covered commodity for which the
9016(e))
2012-2016. (§1116(g))
|
Continues current law.
|
Identical to House provision. (§1106(3))
|
PLC Payment Rate and Payment Amount
|
|
PLC payment rate. The difference between the reference price in statute and the MYAP or loan rate, if higher. (7 U.S.C. 9016(c))
|
Defines the PLC payment rate for each covered commodity, for the crop years 2019 through 2023, as the difference between the effective reference price and the effective price for a crop year, when the effective price is lower. (§1116(c))
|
Continues current law.
|
Similar to the House provision with an amendment. Not later than 30 days after the end of each applicable 12-month marketing year for each covered commodity, the Secretary shall publish the PLC payment rate. (§1106(2)(B))
|
PLC payment amount. If PLC payments for a covered commodity are triggered for any of crop years 2014-2018, the payment amount equals the payment rate times payment acres times payment yield. (7 U.S.C. 9016(d))
|
If PLC payments for a covered commodity are triggered for any of crop years 2019-2023, the payment amount equals the payment rate times payment acres times payment yield. (§1116(d))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Timing of PLC payment. Payments shall be made beginning October 1, or as soon as practicable thereafter, after the end of the applicable marketing year for the covered commodity. (7 U.S.C. 9016(e))
|
Same as current law. (§1116(e))
|
Not later than 30 days after the end of each applicable 12-month marketing year for each covered commodity, the Secretary shall publish the PLC payment rate. (§1103(2))
|
Identical to Senate provision regarding timing but with an additional provision for insufficient data.
Insufficient data. In the case of a covered commodity for which the Secretary cannot determine the payment rate for the most recent 12-month marketing year by the date described above due to insufficient reporting of timely pricing data by one or more nongovernmental entities, the Secretary shall publish the payment rate as soon as practicable after the marketing year data are made available. (§1106(2)(D))
|
Agricultural Risk Coverage (ARC) Program
|
ARC. Establishes the ARC program as either a county-level, commodity-specific ARC or an individual whole-farm ARC. Under the "producer election" (7 U.S.C. 9015), producers may select county-level ARC or PLC on a commodity-by-commodity basis for each farm or select individual farm-level ARC for all covered commodities on the farm.
ARC payments for a crop year are triggered if the actual crop revenue is less than its ARC guarantee. Both the actual crop revenue and ARC guarantee are calculated differently based on the producer's election choice: either county- or farm-level ARC. (7 U.S.C. 9017(a))
|
Requires the Secretary to make ARC payments if all of the producers on a farm have elected ARC for crop years 2019-2023 if a covered commodity's crop-year actual crop revenue is less than its ARC guarantee. (§1117(a))
(Refers only to the county-level ARC. Does not include the individual ARC
ARC. Establishes the ARC program as
Requires the Secretary to make ARC
Extends both the county- and individual-
Identical to Senate provision. (§1107)
either a county-level, commodity-
payments if all of the producers on a
level ARC programs through 2023.
specific ARC or an individual whole-
farm have elected ARC for crop years
Requires that payments are to be based
farm ARC. Under the “producer
2019-2023 if a covered commodity’s
CRS-50
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
election” (7 U.S.C. 9015), producers
crop-year actual crop revenue is less
on the physical location of the farm.
may select county-level ARC or PLC on
than its ARC guarantee. (§1117(a))
(§1104(1))
a commodity-by-commodity basis for
(Refers only to the county-level ARC.
each farm or select individual farm-level
Does not include the individual ARC
ARC for all covered commodities on
coverage option, thus the individual
the farm.
coverage option, thus the individual ARC program would expire at the end of the 2018 crop year.)
|
Extends both the county- and individual-level ARC programs through 2023. Requires that payments are to be based on the physical location of the farm. (§1104(1))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§1107)
|
Actual crop revenue. The actual crop revenue varies with the choice of county-level or farm-level ARC.
County coverage for a crop year of a covered commodity: actual crop revenue per acre equals the actual average county yield per planted acre for a covered commodity times the higher of the MYAP, or the national average marketing assistance loan rate.
ARC program would expire at the end
ARC payments for a crop year are
of the 2018 crop year.)
triggered if the actual crop revenue is less than its ARC guarantee. Both the actual crop revenue and ARC guarantee are calculated differently based on the producer’s election choice: either county- or farm-level ARC. (7 U.S.C. 9017(a))
Actual crop revenue. The actual crop Defines actual crop revenue specific to
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
revenue varies with the choice of
county-level ARC for a crop year for a
county-level or farm-level ARC.
covered commodity as the product of
County coverage for a crop year of a
the actual average county yield per
covered commodity: actual crop
planted acre for a covered commodity
revenue per acre equals the actual
times the higher of the MYAP or the
average county yield per planted acre
national average marketing assistance
for a covered commodity times the
loan rate. (§1117(b))
higher of the MYAP, or the national
By omission, individual (farm-level) ARC
average marketing assistance loan rate.
expires at the end of the 2018 crop
Individual (farm-level) coverage.
year.
Individual (farm-level) coverage. Actual crop revenue per acre is the producer'producer’s share of the aggregated revenue per acre for all covered commodities planted on all farms for which individual coverage has been selected. Actual crop revenue per acre equals the sum of covered commodity revenue (total production of each covered commodity on such farms times the higher of (i) the MYAP or (ii) the national average loan rate) divided by
CRS-51
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
the total planted acres of all covered commodities on such farms. (7 U.S.C. 9017(b))
ARC revenue guarantee. ARC
Same as current law. (§1117(c))
Continues ARC program as in current
Identical to Senate provision.
guarantee per acre equals 86% times the By omission, individual (farm-level) ARC law through 2023. (§1104(1))
(§1107(1)(A)-(B))
benchmark revenue. The benchmark
expires at the end of the 2018 crop
revenue varies with the choice of
year; only the county-level ARC is
county-level or individual (farm-level)
extended through 2023.
ARC. 9017(b))
|
Defines actual crop revenue specific to county-level ARC for a crop year for a covered commodity as the product of the actual average county yield per planted acre for a covered commodity times the higher of the MYAP or the national average marketing assistance loan rate. (§1117(b))
By omission, individual (farm-level) ARC expires at the end of the 2018 crop year.
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
ARC revenue guarantee. ARC guarantee per acre equals 86% times the benchmark revenue. The benchmark revenue varies with the choice of county-level or individual (farm-level) ARC.
For county ARC coverage for a covered commodity for a crop year, benchmark revenue per acre equals the recent five-year average county yield (excluding the years with the highest and lowest yields, or "“Olympic average"”) times the covered commodity'’s Olympic MYAP for the most recent five crop years.
For individual ARC coverage for a crop year, benchmark revenue is based on the producer'’s share of all covered commodities planted on all farms for which individual coverage has been selected and in which the producer has an interest. Benchmark revenue is the summation of Olympic five-year average revenue for each covered commodity aggregated across all farms with individual coverage, adjusted to reflect current-year planted acreage shares by covered commodity. (7 U.S.C. 9017(c))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Trend-adjusted yields. Includes a
Identical to Senate provision.
trend-adjustment for both the average
(§1107(1)(C)-(E))
9017(c))
|
Same as current law. (§1117(c))
By omission, individual (farm-level) ARC expires at the end of the 2018 crop year; only the county-level ARC is extended through 2023.
|
Continues ARC program as in current law through 2023. (§1104(1))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§1107(1)(A)-(B))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Trend-adjusted yields. Includes a trend-adjustment for both the average historical county yield (i.e., the 5-year Olympic MYAP) and the actual average county yield per planted acre for the
CRS-52
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
county, crop, and year in question. The yield adjustment should not exceed the trend-adjusted yield factor used to increase yield history under the federal
crop insurance endorsement for that crop and county. (§1104(2)(E))
Yield plugs in ARC actual revenue
Same as current law. (§1117(c)(3))
Effective for the 2019 through 2023
Effective for the 2019-2023 crop years,
and revenue guarantee
crop years, if, for the covered
if, for the covered commodity for any of
calculations. If, for the covered
commodity for any of the five most
the five most recent crop years, the
commodity for any of the five most
recent crop years, the yield per planted
yield per planted acre or historical
crop and county. (§1104(2)(E))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§1107(1)(C)-(E))
|
Yield plugs in ARC actual revenue and revenue guarantee calculations. If, for the covered commodity for any of the five most recent crop years, the yield per planted acre or historical county yield per planted acre is less than 70% of the transitional yield, then 70% of the transitional yield shall be used for those years. (7 U.S.C. 9017(c)(4))
|
Same as current law. (§1117(c)(3))
|
Effective for the 2019 through 2023 crop years, if, for the covered commodity for any of the five most recent crop years, the yield per planted recent crop years, the yield per planted
acre or historical county yield per
county yield per planted acre is less than
acre or historical county yield per
planted acre is less than 75% of the
80% of the transitional yield, then 80%
planted acre is less than 70% of the
transitional yield, then 75% of the
of the transitional yield shall be used for
transitional yield, then 70county yield per planted acre is less than 75% of the transitional yield, then 75% of the transitional yield shall be used for those years. (§1104(2)(C))
|
Effective for the 2019-2023 crop years, if, for the covered commodity for any of the five most recent crop years, the yield per planted acre or historical county yield per planted acre is less than 80% of the transitional yield, then 80% of the % of the
transitional yield shall be used for those
those years. (§1107(2)(C))
transitional yield shall be used for those
years. (§1104(2)(C))
years. (7 U.S.C. 9017(c)(4))
Reference price in ARC revenue
Same as current law. (§1117(c)(4))
Continues current law.
Effective reference price in lieu of
guarantee. The reference price is used
low national average market price.
if the MYAP for any of the five most
For crop years 2019-2023, if the
recent crop years is lower than the
national average market price received
reference price. (7 U.S.C. 9017(c)(5))
those years. (§1107(2)(C))
|
Reference price in ARC revenue guarantee. The reference price is used if the MYAP for any of the five most recent crop years is lower than the reference price. (7 U.S.C. 9017(c)(5))
|
Same as current law. (§1117(c)(4))
|
Continues current law.
|
Effective reference price in lieu of low national average market price. For crop years 2019-2023, if the national average market price received by producers during the 12-month marketing year for any of the five most recent crop years is lower than the effective reference price (defined under §1101(8)) for the covered commodity, the Secretary shall use the effective reference price for those years in calculating the ARC revenue guarantee. (§1107(2)(F))
|
ARC payment rate. The payment
The payment rate for a covered
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
rate for a covered commodity, in the
commodity is equal to the lesser of (1)
case of either county coverage or
the amount that the ARC guarantee
individual coverage, is equal to the lesser exceeds the actual crop revenue for the of (1) the amount that the ARC
crop year or (2) 10% of the benchmark
guarantee exceeds the actual crop
revenue for the crop year. (§1117(d))
revenue for the crop year or (2) 10% of
CRS-53
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
The payment rate for a covered commodity, in the case of either county coverage or individual coverage, is equal to the lesser of (1) the amount that the ARC guarantee exceeds the actual crop revenue for the crop year or (2) 10% of the benchmark revenue for the crop year. (7 U.S.C. 9017(d))
|
The payment rate for a covered commodity is equal to the lesser of (1) the amount that the ARC guarantee exceeds the actual crop revenue for the crop year or (2) 10% of the benchmark revenue for the crop year. (7 U.S.C. 9017(d))
ARC payment amount. If ARC
If ARC payments are required to be paid Extends ARC payments through crop
Identical to Senate provision.
payments are required to be paid for
for any of the 2019-2023 crop years,
year 2023. (§1104(4))
(§1107(4))
any of the 2014-2018 crop years, then
then the payment amount equals the
the payment amount equals the payment payment rate times the payment acres. rate times the payment acres. (7 U.S.C. (§1117(e)) 9017(e))
Timing of ARC payments. Payments
Same as current law. (§1117(f))
Not later than 30 days after the end of
Identical to Senate provision.
shall be made beginning October 1, or
each applicable 12-month marketing
(§1107(3)(D))
as soon as practicable thereafter, after
year for each covered commodity, the
the end of the applicable marketing year
Secretary shall publish the ARC payment
for the covered commodity. (7 U.S.C.
rate. (§1104(3))
9017(f))
Additional duties of the Secretary.
Sets forth additional duties of the
Continues additional duties of the
Continues additional duties of the
In providing ARC, the Secretary shall, to Secretary, including using available
Secretary as in current law with an
Secretary as in current law with an
the maximum extent practical: (1) use all information and analysis to check for
additional specification regarding the
additional specification regarding county
available information and analysis,
anomalies in the determination of ARC
determination of the actual or
yield determinations as fol ows:
including data mining, to check for
payments; calculating a separate actual
benchmark county yield under county
Separate yields for irrigated and
anomalies in the determination of ARC
crop revenue and agriculture risk
coverage as fol ows.
nonirrigated land. In providing ARC,
payments, (2) calculating a separate
coverage guarantee for irrigated and
USDA shall consider a one-time request the Secretary shall calculate a separate
actual crop revenue and ARC guarantee
nonirrigated covered commodities;
to calculate separate yields for irrigated
actual crop revenue and agriculture risk
for irrigated and nonirrigated covered
assigning an actual or benchmark county and nonirrigated acres in determining
coverage guarantee for irrigated and
commodities, (3) for individual coverage, yield for planted acres for a covered
the ARC revenue guarantee and the
nonirrigated covered commodities.
if the Secretary determines that the
commodity for a crop year using first
actual revenue if, during the 2014
(§1107(5)(A))
farm has planted acreage in a quantity
Risk Management Agency data, if
through 2018 crop years: (A) an average
that is insufficient to calculate a
sufficient, or, second, other sources of
Prioritize RMA data. Effective for the
of not less than 5% of the planted and
representative average yield for the
data as determined by the Secretary, or,
2019-2023 crop years, in the case of
considered planted acreage of a covered
farm, then the Secretary wil assign an
third, the yield history of representative
county coverage the Secretary shall
commodity in the county was irrigated;
average yield for a farm on the basis of
farms in the state, region, or crop
assign an actual or benchmark county
and (B) an average of not less than 5%
the yield history of representative farms
reporting district; and making payments
yield for each planted acre for the crop
was nonirrigated. (§1104(6))
in the state, region, or crop reporting
using the payment rate of the county of
year for the covered commodity—
district, as determined by the Secretary;
the physical location of the base acres of Effective for the 2019 through 2023
(A) where county data col ected by the
and (4) for county coverage, if the
a farm. (§1117(g))
crop years, in the case of county
Risk Management Agency (RMA) are
Secretary cannot establish the actual or
coverage the Secretary shall:
sufficient to offer a county-wide
benchmark county yield for each planted
insurance product, using the actual
CRS-54
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
acre for a crop year for a covered
(A) assign an actual county yield for each average county yield determined by
commodity in the county, or the yield is
planted acre for the crop year for the
RMA (i.e., prioritize RMA data in the
an unrepresentative average yield for
covered commodity by giving priority to calculation of both the guarantee and
the county, then the Secretary is to
(1) the use of actual county yields to the actual yield in each county); or
assign an actual or benchmark county
maximum extent practicable from a
(B) for any other county using: (i) other
yield for each planted acre for the crop
single source of data that provides the
sources of yield information, as
year for the covered commodity on the
greatest national coverage of county-
determined by USDA; or (ii) the yield
basis of the yield history of
level data; (2) the use of a source of
history of representative farms in the
representative farms in the state, region,
data that may be used to determine an
state, region, or crop reporting district,
or crop reporting district, as
average actual and benchmark county
as determined by USDA.
determined by the Secretary.
yield for the same county; and (3) for a
(§1107(5)(D))
(7 U.S.C. 9017(g))
county not included in any data source identified under (1) or (2), use other sources of county yield information or the yield history of representative farms in the state, region, or crop reporting district, as determined by the Secretary; and (B) for a farm with base acres that cross county boundaries, prorate the base acres based on the share in each county, and calculate the crop revenue in a similar prorated manner. (§1104(5))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Reporting requirements. USDA shall Identical to Senate. (§1107(6) “(h)”) year. (§1117(d))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
ARC payment amount. If ARC payments are required to be paid for any of the 2014-2018 crop years, then the payment amount equals the payment rate times the payment acres. (7 U.S.C. 9017(e))
|
If ARC payments are required to be paid for any of the 2019-2023 crop years, then the payment amount equals the payment rate times the payment acres. (§1117(e))
|
Extends ARC payments through crop year 2023. (§1104(4))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§1107(4))
|
Timing of ARC payments. Payments shall be made beginning October 1, or as soon as practicable thereafter, after the end of the applicable marketing year for the covered commodity. (7 U.S.C. 9017(f))
|
Same as current law. (§1117(f))
|
Not later than 30 days after the end of each applicable 12-month marketing year for each covered commodity, the Secretary shall publish the ARC payment rate. (§1104(3))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§1107(3)(D))
|
Additional duties of the Secretary. In providing ARC, the Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practical: (1) use all available information and analysis, including data mining, to check for anomalies in the determination of ARC payments, (2) calculating a separate actual crop revenue and ARC guarantee for irrigated and nonirrigated covered commodities, (3) for individual coverage, if the Secretary determines that the farm has planted acreage in a quantity that is insufficient to calculate a representative average yield for the farm, then the Secretary will assign an average yield for a farm on the basis of the yield history of representative farms in the state, region, or crop reporting district, as determined by the Secretary; and (4) for county coverage, if the Secretary cannot establish the actual or benchmark county yield for each planted acre for a crop year for a covered commodity in the county, or the yield is an unrepresentative average yield for the county, then the Secretary is to assign an actual or benchmark county yield for each planted acre for the crop year for the covered commodity on the basis of the yield history of representative farms in the state, region, or crop reporting district, as determined by the Secretary. (7 U.S.C. 9017(g))
|
Sets forth additional duties of the Secretary, including using available information and analysis to check for anomalies in the determination of ARC payments; calculating a separate actual crop revenue and agriculture risk coverage guarantee for irrigated and nonirrigated covered commodities; assigning an actual or benchmark county yield for planted acres for a covered commodity for a crop year using first Risk Management Agency data, if sufficient, or, second, other sources of data as determined by the Secretary, or, third, the yield history of representative farms in the state, region, or crop reporting district; and making payments using the payment rate of the county of the physical location of the base acres of a farm. (§1117(g))
|
Continues additional duties of the Secretary as in current law with an additional specification regarding the determination of the actual or benchmark county yield under county coverage as follows.
USDA shall consider a one-time request to calculate separate yields for irrigated and nonirrigated acres in determining the ARC revenue guarantee and the actual revenue if, during the 2014 through 2018 crop years: (A) an average of not less than 5% of the planted and considered planted acreage of a covered commodity in the county was irrigated; and (B) an average of not less than 5% was nonirrigated. (§1104(6))
Effective for the 2019 through 2023 crop years, in the case of county coverage the Secretary shall:
(A) assign an actual county yield for each planted acre for the crop year for the covered commodity by giving priority to (1) the use of actual county yields to the maximum extent practicable from a single source of data that provides the greatest national coverage of county-level data; (2) the use of a source of data that may be used to determine an average actual and benchmark county yield for the same county; and (3) for a county not included in any data source identified under (1) or (2), use other sources of county yield information or the yield history of representative farms in the state, region, or crop reporting district, as determined by the Secretary; and
(B) for a farm with base acres that cross county boundaries, prorate the base acres based on the share in each county, and calculate the crop revenue in a similar prorated manner. (§1104(5))
|
Continues additional duties of the Secretary as in current law with an additional specification regarding county yield determinations as follows:
Separate yields for irrigated and nonirrigated land. In providing ARC, the Secretary shall calculate a separate actual crop revenue and agriculture risk coverage guarantee for irrigated and nonirrigated covered commodities. (§1107(5)(A))
Prioritize RMA data. Effective for the 2019-2023 crop years, in the case of county coverage the Secretary shall assign an actual or benchmark county yield for each planted acre for the crop year for the covered commodity—
(A) where county data collected by the Risk Management Agency (RMA) are sufficient to offer a county-wide insurance product, using the actual average county yield determined by RMA (i.e., prioritize RMA data in the calculation of both the guarantee and actual yield in each county); or
(B) for any other county using: (i) other sources of yield information, as determined by USDA; or (ii) the yield history of representative farms in the state, region, or crop reporting district, as determined by USDA. (§1107(5)(D))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Reporting requirements. USDA shall publish, for each covered commodity in each county, the county risk coverage guarantee, average historical county yield, and national average market price for each covered commodity in each county, not later than 30 days after the end of each applicable 12-month marketing year. In the event of insufficient data for a covered commodity, USDA shall rely on data from nongovernmental sources and publish the ARC data components
CRS-55
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
within 60 days of the end of the marketing year.
Similarly, USDA shall publish actual average county yield estimates by
covered commodity including sources of data and information on any USDA evaluations of that data. (§1104(6) "(i)")
|
Identical to Senate. (§1107(6) "(h)")
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Administrative units. Amends current law to allow, under certain circumstances, for the division of a county into two separate administrative units for determining ARC payments. To be eligible, a county must be: (1) larger “(i)”)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Administrative units. Amends
Identical to the Senate provision but
current law to allow, under certain
amended as fol ows: The requirement
circumstances, for the division of a
that a state be larger than 140,000
county into two separate administrative
square miles is deleted, the number of
units for determining ARC payments. To counties that may be divided is limited be eligible, a county must be: (1) larger
to 25, and preference is given to the
than 1,400 square miles; (2) contained
division of counties with greater
than 1,400 square miles; (2) contained within a state that is larger than 140,000 variation in climate, soils, and expected square miles; and (3) contains more than productivity between the proposed 190,000 base acres. Prior to any ARC
administrative units. (§1107(6) “(i)”)
payments for the 2019 crop, the FSA state committee, in consultation with the FSA county committee, may make a one-time election to divide a county into two administrative units to better reflect differences in weather patterns, soil types, or other factors. The election is in effect for the 2019 through 2023 crop years. (§12611)
Producer Agreements
Producer agreements. The Secretary Same as current law. (§1118(a))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
crop years. (§12611)
|
Identical to the Senate provision but amended as follows: The requirement that a state be larger than 140,000 square miles is deleted, the number of counties that may be divided is limited to 25, and preference is given to the division of counties with greater variation in climate, soils, and expected productivity between the proposed administrative units. (§1107(6) "(i)")
|
Producer Agreements
|
Producer agreements. The Secretary may require producers agree to comply with certain provisions in exchange for receiving payments, issue rules to ensure compliance, and modify compliance requirements.
CRS-56
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Eligibility for PLC and ARC payments and marketing loans requires producers to comply with conservation and wetland protection, control noxious
weeds, maintain sound agricultural practices, and use the farm'’s land attributable to base acres for agricultural or conserving use and not for nonagricultural commercial, industrial, or residential use as determined by the Secretary. (7 U.S.C. 9018(a))
|
Termination of payments. A
Same as current law. (§1118(a))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Termination of payments. A b))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
transfer of or change in the interest of the producers on a farm will wil result in the termination of payments unless the transferee or owner agrees to assume all compliance obligations. An exception to payment termination is made for producers who die or become incapacitated. (7 U.S.C. 9018(b))
|
Annual acreage reports. Eligibility for Same as current law. (§1118(b))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Annual acreage reports. Eligibility for c))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
PLC and ARC payments and marketing loans requires producers to submit annual acreage reports. (7 U.S.C. 9018(c))
Eligibility for ARC payments for
Eliminates the additional reporting
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
9018(c))
|
Same as current law. (§1118(c))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Eligibility for ARC payments for individual (i.e., the whole-farm, farm-individual (i.e., the whole-farm, farm-
requirement for producers participating
level) coverage (as opposed to the crop-
in the individual ARC coverage program.
specific, county-level ARC program) requires a producer to submit annual production reports for each covered commodity that is covered by the farm's ’s ARC individual program—as produced on all farms in the same State. (7 U.S.C. 9018(d))
CRS-57
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Effect of inaccurate reports. No
Same as current law. (§1118(d))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
U.S.C. 9018(d))
|
Eliminates the additional reporting requirement for producers participating in the individual ARC coverage program.
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Effect of inaccurate reports. No penalties (with respect to benefits under PLC, ARC, or marketing loans) can be assessed against a producer for an inaccurate acreage or production report unless the Secretary determines that the producer knowingly and willfullywil ful y falsified the report. (7 U.S.C. 9018(e))
|
Same as
The Secretary shall provide adequate
Same as in current law. (§1118(e-f))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
current law. (§1118(d))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
The Secretary shall provide adequate safeguards to protect the interests of tenants and sharecroppers and shall provide for the sharing of payments among producers on a farm. (7 U.S.C. 9018(f-g))
Transition Assistance for Producers of Upland Cotton
Cotton Transition Assistance
No provision.
Cotton Transition Assistance Payments
Identical to Senate provision. (§1108a)
Payments. Transition payments are
are repealed. (§1105)
9018(f-g))
|
Same as in current law. (§1118(e-f))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Transition Assistance for Producers of Upland Cotton
|
Cotton Transition Assistance Payments. Transition payments are made available for upland cotton for the 2014 crop year (and for 2015 if STAX is not yet available – —see Title XI). Payment equals program yield (divided by the national yield of 597 pounds per acre) times transition assistance rate times payment acres. Transition rate is based on cotton price decline between June 2013 and December 2013. Payment acres in 2014 equal 60% of 2013 cotton base acres and 36.5% in 2015. (7 U.S.C. 9019)
Nonrecourse Marketing Assistance Loan Program
Nonrecourse marketing loans are
Authorizes nonrecourse loans for loan
Extends nonrecourse marketing
Identical to Senate provision. (§1201)
available for any amount of loan of a
commodities for 2019-2023 crop years
assistance loans for all loan commodities
loan commodity (see list below)
in the same manner as current law.
(including peanuts) through crop year
produced in crop years 2014-2018. To
(§1201)
2023. (§1201(a)-(c))
CRS-58
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
U.S.C. 9019)
|
No provision.
|
Cotton Transition Assistance Payments are repealed. (§1105)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§1108a)
|
Nonrecourse Marketing Assistance Loan Program
|
Nonrecourse marketing loans are available for any amount of loan of a loan commodity (see list below) produced in crop years 2014-2018. To receive a marketing assistance loan, a producer must comply with applicable conservation and wetland protection requirements during the term of the loan. (7 U.S.C. 9031)
Peanuts nonrecourse marketing
Same as current law. (§1201(e))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
loan. (7 U.S.C. 9031)
|
Authorizes nonrecourse loans for loan commodities for 2019-2023 crop years in the same manner as current law. (§1201)
|
Extends nonrecourse marketing assistance loans for all loan commodities (including peanuts) through crop year 2023. (§1201(a)-(c))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§1201)
|
Peanuts nonrecourse marketing loans, authorized separately, may be obtained through a marketing cooperative or association approved by USDA. Storage to be provided on a nondiscriminatory basis and under any additional requirements. USDA shall pay storage, handling, and other associated costs incurred for peanuts placed under loan. Such costs must be repaid if the peanuts under loan are redeemed but not if forfeited. (7 U.S.C. 9031(e))
Loan commodities and loan rates.
Continues the loan rates for
Extends the statutory loan rates for
Similar to House provision but with
For crop years 2014-2018, the loan rate
commodities in current law for the
nonrecourse marketing assistance loans
additional specification that, for crop
for a nonrecourse marketing assistance
2019-2023 crop years, except for
through crop year 2023. (§1201(b))
years 2019-2023, the loan rate for a
loan for each loan commodity is as
establishing a loan rate for seed cotton
nonrecourse marketing assistance loan
fol ows:
of $0.25 per lb. (§1202(c)), establishing
for each loan commodity is as fol ows:
•
a floor of no more than 2% on any
Wheat, $2.94 per bu.
•
Wheat, $3.38 per bu.
downward adjustment to the upland
•
Corn, $1.95 per bu.
cotton loan rate (described below in
•
Corn, $2.20 per bu.
•
Grain sorghum, $1.95 per bu.
(§1202(a)(6))), and an upward
•
Grain sorghum, $2.20 per bu.
•
adjustment to the ELS cotton loan rate
Barley, $1.95 per bu.
•
Barley, $2.50 per bu.
to $0.95 per lb. (§1202(a)(7)).
•
Oats, $1.39 per bu.
•
Oats, $2.00 per bu.
•
ELS cotton, $0.7977 per lb.
•
ELS cotton, $0.95 per lb.
•
Long-grain rice, $6.50 per cwt.
•
Long-grain rice, $7.00 per cwt.
•
Medium-grain rice, $6.50 per cwt.
•
Mediumnot if forfeited. (7 U.S.C. 9031(e))
|
Same as current law. (§1201(e))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Loan commodities and loan rates. For crop years 2014-2018, the loan rate for a nonrecourse marketing assistance loan for each loan commodity is as follows: - Wheat, $2.94 per bu.
- Corn, $1.95 per bu.
- Grain sorghum, $1.95 per bu.
- Barley, $1.95 per bu.
- Oats, $1.39 per bu.
- ELS cotton, $0.7977 per lb.
- Long-grain rice, $6.50 per cwt.
- Medium-grain rice, $6.50 per cwt.
- Soybeans, $5.00 per bu.
- Other oilseeds, $10.09 per cwt. for sunflower seed, rapeseed, canola, safflower, flaxseed, mustard seed, crambe, sesame seed, or any other oilseeds designated by the Secretary.
- Dry peas, $5.40 per cwt.
- Lentils, $11.28 per cwt.
- Small chickpeas, $7.43 per cwt.
- Large chickpeas, $11.28 per cwt.
- Graded wool, $1.15 per lb.
- Nongraded wool, $0.40 per lb.
- Mohair, $4.20 per lb.
- Honey, $0.69 per lb.
- Peanuts, $355 per ton.
(7 U.S.C. 9032)
|
Continues the loan rates for commodities in current law for the 2019-2023 crop years, except for establishing a loan rate for seed cotton of $0.25 per lb. (§1202(c)), establishing a floor of no more than 2% on any downward adjustment to the upland cotton loan rate (described below in (§1202(a)(6))), and an upward adjustment to the ELS cotton loan rate to $0.95 per lb. (§1202(a)(7)).
|
Extends the statutory loan rates for nonrecourse marketing assistance loans through crop year 2023. (§1201(b))
|
Similar to House provision but with additional specification that, for crop years 2019-2023, the loan rate for a nonrecourse marketing assistance loan for each loan commodity is as follows: - Wheat, $3.38 per bu.
- Corn, $2.20 per bu.
- Grain sorghum, $2.20 per bu.
- Barley, $2.50 per bu.
- Oats, $2.00 per bu.
- ELS cotton, $0.95 per lb.
- Long-grain rice, $7.00 per cwt.
- Medium-grain rice, $7.00 per cwt.
- -grain rice, $7.00 per cwt.
•
Soybeans, $5.00 per bu.
•
Soybeans, $6.20 per bu.
-
•
Other oilseeds, $10.09 per cwt. for
•
Other oilseeds, $10.09 per cwt. for
sunflower seed, rapeseed, canola,
sunflower seed, rapeseed, canola,
CRS-59
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
safflower, flaxseed, mustard seed,
safflower, flaxseed, mustard seed,
crambe, sesame seed, or any other
crambe, sesame seed, or any other
oilseeds designated by the
oilseeds designated by the
Secretary.
Secretary.
•
Dry peas, $5.40 per cwt.
•
Dry peas, $6.15 per cwt.
•
Lentils, $11.28 per cwt.
•
Lentils, $13.00 per cwt.
•
Small chickpeas, $7.43 per cwt.
•
Small chickpeas, $10.00 per cwt.
•
Large chickpeas, $11.28 per cwt.
•
Large chickpeas, $14.00 per cwt.
•
Graded wool, $1.15 per lb.
•
sunflower seed, rapeseed, canola, safflower, flaxseed, mustard seed, crambe, sesame seed, or any other oilseeds designated by the Secretary.
- Dry peas, $6.15 per cwt.
- Lentils, $13.00 per cwt.
- Small chickpeas, $10.00 per cwt.
- Large chickpeas, $14.00 per cwt.
- Graded wool, $1.15 per lb.
- Graded wool, $1.15 per lb.
•
Nongraded wool, $0.40 per lb.
•
Nongraded wool, $0.40 per lb.
•
Mohair, $4.20 per lb.
•
Mohair, $4.20 per lb.
•
Honey, $0.69 per lb.
•
Honey, $0.69 per lb.
•
Peanuts, $355 per ton.
•
Peanuts, $355 per ton.
(7 U.S.C. 9032)
(§1202)
Upland cotton loan rate. The simple
The simple average of the adjusted
Continues current law.
Identical to the House provision.
average of the adjusted prevailing world
prevailing world price for the two
(§1202)
price for the two immediately preceding immediately preceding marketing years marketing years but in no case less than
but in no case more than $0.52 per lb.
$0.45 per lb. or
Nongraded wool, $0.40 per lb.
- Mohair, $4.20 per lb.
- Honey, $0.69 per lb.
- Peanuts, $355 per ton.
(§1202)
|
Upland cotton loan rate. The simple average of the adjusted prevailing world price for the two immediately preceding marketing years but in no case less than $0.45 per lb. or more than $0.52 per lb. (announced October 1 preceding the next domestic plantings). (7 U.S.C. 9032(a)(6))
|
The simple average of the adjusted prevailing world price for the two immediately preceding marketing years but in no case more than $0.52 per lb. more than $0.52 per lb.
nor less than $0.45 per lb. or an amount
(announced October 1 preceding the
equal to 98% of the loan rate for the
next domestic plantings).
preceding year (announced October 1
(7 U.S.C. 9032(a)(6))
preceding the next domestic plantings). (§1202(a)(6))
Single county loan rate for other
Same as current law. (§1202(b))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
equal to 98% of the loan rate for the preceding year (announced October 1 preceding the next domestic plantings). (§1202(a)(6))
|
Continues current law.
|
Identical to the House provision. (§1202)
|
Single county loan rate for other oilseeds is established in each county for each other kind of oilseed. (7 U.S.C. 9032(b))
|
Same as
Seed cotton loan rate. Only for
Same as in current law. (§1202(b))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Seed cotton loan rate. Only for c))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
implementation of the PLC and ARC programs, the loan rate for seed cotton is deemed to be $0.25 per lb. This does not authorize a seed cotton
CRS-60
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
not authorize a seed cotton nonrecourse marketing loan. (7 U.S.C. 9032(c))
Term of loans. Nine months after the
Same as current law. (§1203)
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
9032(c))
|
Same as in current law. (§1202(c))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Term of loans. Nine months after the day the loan is made. Extensions prohibited. (7 U.S.C. 9033)
Repayment of loans. Loans may be
Same as current law. (§1204(a))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
prohibited. (7 U.S.C. 9033)
|
Same as current law. (§1203)
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Repayment of loans. Loans may be repaid at the lesser of (1) the loan rate plus interest, (2) a rate based on average market prices during the preceding 30-day period, or (3) a rate determined by USDA that will wil minimize forfeitures, accumulation of stocks, storage costs, market impediments, and discrepancies in benefits across states and counties. Excludes upland cotton, rice, extra-long staple (ELS) cotton, confectionery, and each kind of sunflower seed (other than oil sunflower seed). (7 U.S.C. 9034(a))
Special repayment rates. For upland
Same as current law. (§1204(b,c,f))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
9034(a))
|
Same as current law. (§1204(a))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Special repayment rates. For upland cotton, long-grain rice, and medium-grain rice, repayment may be at the lesser of the loan rate plus interest or the prevailing world price for the commodity adjusted to U.S. quality and location. (7 U.S.C. 9034(b)) ELS cotton repayment rate is the loan rate plus interest. (7 U.S.C. 9034(c)) For confectionery and each kind of sunflower seed (other than oil sunflower seed), loans must be repaid at the lesser of the loan rate plus interest or the repayment rate for oil sunflower seed. (7 U.S.C. 9034(f))
CRS-61
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Prevailing world market price. The
Same as current law. (§1204(d,e))
Continues current law for repayment of
Continues current law.
Secretary shall prescribe by regulation a
marketing assistance loans for each of
The adjustments to the prevailing world
formula to determine the prevailing
upland cotton, long-grain rice, and
market price for upland cotton as used
world market price for each of upland
medium-grain rice.
to determine the repayment rate of
cotton, long-grain rice, and medium-
Extends current law for adjustments to
marketing assistance loans are extended
grain rice and a mechanism to announce
the prevailing world market price for
through July 31, 2024. (§1201(b)(1))
periodically prevailing world market
upland cotton as used to determine the
prices. (7 U.S.C. 9034(d)) Provides
repayment rate of marketing assistance
explicit market conditions to USDA for
loans through crop year 2023.
adjustments to the prevailing world
(§1201(c)(1))
seed. (7 U.S.C. 9034(f))
|
Same as current law. (§1204(b,c,f))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Prevailing world market price. The Secretary shall prescribe by regulation a formula to determine the prevailing world market price for each of upland cotton, long-grain rice, and medium-grain rice and a mechanism to announce periodically prevailing world market prices. (7 U.S.C. 9034(d)) Provides explicit market conditions to USDA for adjustments to the prevailing world market price for quality and location (both rice and upland cotton) and additionally the potential for loan forfeitures (upland cotton). (7 U.S.C. 9034(e))
Payment of cotton storage costs.
Extends current law for crop years
Same as House provision.
Identical to House and Senate
For each of crop years 2014-2018, the
2019-2023. (§1204(g))
(§1201(c)(2))
provisions. (§1201(b)(2))
9034(e))
|
Same as current law. (§1204(d,e))
|
Continues current law for repayment of marketing assistance loans for each of upland cotton, long-grain rice, and medium-grain rice.
Extends current law for adjustments to the prevailing world market price for upland cotton as used to determine the repayment rate of marketing assistance loans through crop year 2023. (§1201(c)(1))
|
Continues current law.
The adjustments to the prevailing world market price for upland cotton as used to determine the repayment rate of marketing assistance loans are extended through July 31, 2024. (§1201(b)(1))
|
Payment of cotton storage costs. For each of crop years 2014-2018, the Secretary shall make cotton storage payments available in the same manner and at the same rates as the Secretary provided storage payments for the 2006 crop of cotton, except that the rates shall be reduced by 10%. (7 U.S.C. 9034(g))
Repayment rate for peanuts. Loans
Same as current law. (§1204(h))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
9034(g))
|
Extends current law for crop years 2019-2023. (§1204(g))
|
Same as House provision. (§1201(c)(2))
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§1201(b)(2))
|
Repayment rate for peanuts. Loans may be repaid at the lesser of (1) the loan rate plus interest or (2) a rate determined by USDA that will wil minimize forfeitures, accumulation of stocks, storage costs, market impediments, and discrepancies in benefits across states and counties. (7 U.S.C. 9034(h))
|
Authority to temporarily adjust
Same as current law. (§1204(h))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Authority to temporarily adjust i))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
repayment rates. USDA may temporarily, and on a short term basis only, adjust the repayment rates in the
CRS-62
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
event of a severe disruption to marketing, transportation, or related infrastructure. (7 U.S.C. 9034(i))
Loan deficiency payments (LDPs).
Extends current law for crop years
Extends current law for loan deficiency
Extends current law through crop year
For the crop years 2014-2018, USDA
2019-2023. (§1205)
payments through crop year 2023.
2023. (§1201(c)(1))
makes available LDPs to producers who
(§1201(d)(1))
agree to forego marketing loans. An
Repeals loan deficiency payments for
LDP is computed by multiplying the
nongraded wool in the form of unshorn
infrastructure. (7 U.S.C. 9034(i))
|
Same as current law. (§1204(i))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Loan deficiency payments (LDPs). For the crop years 2014-2018, USDA makes available LDPs to producers who agree to forego marketing loans. An LDP is computed by multiplying the payment rate (the amount that the loan payment rate (the amount that the loan
pelts. (§1202)
rate exceeds the rate at which a marketing loan may be repaid) for the commodity times the quantity of the commodity produced. LDPs are available for unshorn pelts or hay and silage, even though they are not eligible for marketing loans. ELS cotton is not eligible. Payment rates determined using the rate in effect as of the date that producers request payment. (Producers do not need to lose beneficial interest.) (7 U.S.C. 9035)
|
Extends current law for crop years 2019-2023. (§1205)
|
Extends current law for loan deficiency payments through crop year 2023. (§1201(d)(1))
Repeals loan deficiency payments for nongraded wool in the form of unshorn pelts. (§1202)
|
Extends current law through crop year 2023. (§1201(c)(1))
|
Payments in lieu of LDPs are available for grazed acreage of wheat, barley, oats, or triticale if a producer forgoes harvesting any crop from that acreage. Crop production on the grazed acreage is not eligible for
Payments in lieu of LDPs are
Extends current law for crop years
Extends current law for payments in lieu Extends current law through crop year
available for grazed acreage of
2019-2023. (§1206)
of loan deficiency payments (and
2023. (§1201(c)(2))
wheat, barley, oats, or triticale if a
ineligibility for crop insurance or
producer forgoes harvesting any crop
noninsured crop assistance) for grazed
from that acreage. Crop production on
acreage through crop year 2023.
the grazed acreage is not eligible for
(§1201(d)(2))
crop insurance or noninsured crop assistance. (7 U.S.C. 9036)
Special marketing loan provisions
Continues both provisions in the same
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
for upland cotton. Imposes a special
manner as current law without an
import quota on upland cotton without
expiration date beginning on August 1,
an expiration date beginning on August
2019. (§1207(a,b))
assistance. (7 U.S.C. 9036)
|
Extends current law for crop years 2019-2023. (§1206)
|
Extends current law for payments in lieu of loan deficiency payments (and ineligibility for crop insurance or noninsured crop assistance) for grazed acreage through crop year 2023. (§1201(d)(2))
|
Extends current law through crop year 2023. (§1201(c)(2))
|
Special marketing loan provisions for upland cotton. Imposes a special import quota on upland cotton without an expiration date beginning on August 1, 2014, when price of U.S. cotton, delivered to a definable and significant international market, exceeds the
CRS-63
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
prevailing world market price for four weeks. (7 U.S.C. 9037(b)) Limited global import quota is imposed on upland cotton when U.S. prices average
130% of the previous three-year average of U.S. prices. (7 U.S.C. 9037(b))
Economic adjustment assistance to Extends without an expiration date the
Amends current law to extend the
Extends current law (at current
users of upland cotton provides
economic adjustment assistance to users economic adjustment assistance to users $0.03/lb. rate) without an expiration
assistance to domestic users of upland
of upland cotton at the rate of $0.0315
of upland cotton at the rate of $0.03 per date but changes the subsection heading
cotton for uses of all cotton regardless
per lb. (§1207(c))
lb. through July 31, 2021. There are
of current law to “Economic
of origin to acquire, construct, install,
authorized to be appropriated such
Adjustment Assistance for Textile Mil s.”
modernize, develop, convert, or expand
sums as are necessary to carry out this
(§1203(b))
land, plant, buildings, equipment,
program. For subsequent years, the
Repeals a redundant authority in
facilities, or machinery. Rate is $0.03 per
program is extended at the same
7 U.S.C. 8737(c). (§1203(a))
lb. effective beginning August 1, 2013.
payment rate but subject to funding
(7 U.S.C. 9037(c))
9037(b))
|
Continues both provisions in the same manner as current law without an expiration date beginning on August 1, 2019. (§1207(a,b))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Economic adjustment assistance to users of upland cotton provides assistance to domestic users of upland cotton for uses of all cotton regardless of origin to acquire, construct, install, modernize, develop, convert, or expand land, plant, buildings, equipment, facilities, or machinery. Rate is $0.03 per lb. effective beginning August 1, 2013. (7 U.S.C. 9037(c)).
|
Extends without an expiration date the economic adjustment assistance to users of upland cotton at the rate of $0.0315 per lb. (§1207(c))
|
Amends current law to extend the economic adjustment assistance to users of upland cotton at the rate of $0.03 per lb. through July 31, 2021. There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this program. For subsequent years, the program is extended at the same payment rate but subject to funding availability through annual appropriations. (§1203)
Special competitive provisions for
Continues the authorization through
Extends current law for special
Identical to House provision. (§1204)
ELS cotton. Payments to domestic
July 31, 2024, of the special competitive
competitiveness provisions for extra-
users and exporters are triggered
provisions for ELS cotton but adjusts
long staple cotton through crop year
whenever the world market price for
the payment trigger to whenever the
2023. (§1201(d)(3))
the lowest priced ELS cotton is below
world market price for the lowest
the prevailing U.S. price for a competing
priced ELS cotton is below the
growth of ELS cotton for a four-week
prevailing U.S. price for a competing
period and the lowest priced competing
growth of ELS cotton for a four-week
growth of ELS cotton is less than 134%
period and the lowest priced competing
of the loan rate for ELS cotton. Effective growth of ELS cotton is less than 113% through July 31, 2019. Payments equal
of the loan rate for ELS cotton. This
the difference between the trigger
adjustment reflects the increase in the
prices (above) times the amount
ELS cotton loan rate. (§1208)
appropriations. (§1203)
|
Extends current law (at current $0.03/lb. rate) without an expiration date but changes the subsection heading of current law to "Economic Adjustment Assistance for Textile Mills." (§1203(b))
Repeals a redundant authority in 7 U.S.C. 8737(c). (§1203(a))
|
Special competitive provisions for ELS cotton. Payments to domestic users and exporters are triggered whenever the world market price for the lowest priced ELS cotton is below the prevailing U.S. price for a competing growth of ELS cotton for a four-week period and the lowest priced competing growth of ELS cotton is less than 134% of the loan rate for ELS cotton. Effective through July 31, 2019. Payments equal the difference between the trigger prices (above) times the amount purchased by domestic users or exported by exporters in the week followingfol owing the four-week trigger period. (7 U.S.C. 9038)
Availability of recourse loan. For
Continues the authorization for
Extends current law for the availability
Identical to the House provision.
crop years 2014-2018, recourse loans
recourse loans for certain crops for the
of recourse loans for high-moisture feed (§1205)
CRS-64
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
for high-moisture feed grains and seed
2019-2023 crop years in same manner
grains and seed cotton through crop
cotton are available for farms that
as current law except for the addition of year 2023. (§1201(d)(4))
normally harvest corn or sorghum in a
a provision providing for recourse loans
high-moisture condition at rates set by
for commodities that are contaminated
the USDA. For recourse loans for seed
but stil merchantable. (§1209)
the four-week trigger period. (7 U.S.C. 9038)
|
Continues the authorization through July 31, 2024, of the special competitive provisions for ELS cotton but adjusts the payment trigger to whenever the world market price for the lowest priced ELS cotton is below the prevailing U.S. price for a competing growth of ELS cotton for a four-week period and the lowest priced competing growth of ELS cotton is less than 113% of the loan rate for ELS cotton. This adjustment reflects the increase in the ELS cotton loan rate. (§1208)
|
Extends current law for special competitiveness provisions for extra-long staple cotton through crop year 2023. (§1201(d)(3))
|
Identical to House provision. (§1204)
|
Availability of recourse loan. For crop years 2014-2018, recourse loans for high-moisture feed grains and seed cotton are available for farms that normally harvest corn or sorghum in a high-moisture condition at rates set by the USDA. For recourse loans for seed cotton, repayment is at loan rate plus interest. (7 U.S.C. 9039)
Adjustment of loans. Adjustments
Continues the authorization to adjust
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
are authorized for any commodity
loan rates in the same manner as
(other than cotton) based on differences current law except for the inclusion of in grade, type, quality, location, and
cost-saving option authority for the
interest. (7 U.S.C. 9039)
|
Continues the authorization for recourse loans for certain crops for the 2019-2023 crop years in same manner as current law except for the addition of a provision providing for recourse loans for commodities that are contaminated but still merchantable. (§1209)
|
Extends current law for the availability of recourse loans for high-moisture feed grains and seed cotton through crop year 2023. (§1201(d)(4))
|
Identical to the House provision. (§1205)
|
Adjustment of loans. Adjustments are authorized for any commodity (other than cotton) based on differences in grade, type, quality, location, and other factors. Allows county loan rates other factors. Allows county loan rates
Secretary that requires the
as low as 95% of the U.S. average if it does not increase outlays. Prohibits adjustments that would increase the
consideration of methods that minimize
does not increase outlays. Prohibits
the potential for loan forfeitures.
adjustments that would increase the
(§1210)
national average loan rate. For cotton, loan rates may be adjusted for differences in quality factors (made after consultation with the U.S. cotton industry). For rice, loan rates may be adjusted for differences in grade and quality (including millingmil ing yields). (7 U.S.C. 9040)
Sugar Program
Price support program. Requires
Same as current law except that all
Same as House provision (§1301).
Similar to the House provision but with
USDA to the maximum extent
price-support-related provisions,
For feedstock flexibility program. (See
an amendment that increases the price
practicable to operate the sugar
including loan rates and flexible
§9109)
support loan rates for domestically
nonrecourse loan program at no net
marketing allotments are extended
grown sugar for crop years 2019-2023.
cost by avoiding loan forfeitures to the
through the 2023 crop year. (§1301)
The loan rate available to processors of
CCC (i.e., no outlays recorded). (7
Extends the feedstock flexibility
domestically grown raw cane sugar is
U.S.C. 7272 (f)) Directs USDA to
program (i.e., sugar-to-ethanol program)
increased by $0.01 per lb. to $0.1975
maintain market prices above loan rates
through 2023 crops. (See §6409)
cents per lb. This simultaneously has the
by (1) limiting amount of sugar that
effect of raising the loan rate for refined
processors of sugar beets and sugarcane
beet sugar by $0.0128 cents per lb. to
sell into the U.S. market under
$0.2537 cents per lb. (§1301)
marketing allotments (see Flexible
CRS-65
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Marketing Allotments below), (2)
Feedstock flexibility program is identical
restricting imports tariff-rate quotas,
to House provision. (See §9009)
U.S.C. 9040)
|
Continues the authorization to adjust loan rates in the same manner as current law except for the inclusion of cost-saving option authority for the Secretary that requires the consideration of methods that minimize the potential for loan forfeitures. (§1210)
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Sugar Program
|
Price support program. Requires USDA to the maximum extent practicable to operate the sugar nonrecourse loan program at no net cost by avoiding loan forfeitures to the CCC (i.e., no outlays recorded). (7 U.S.C. 7272 (f)) Directs USDA to maintain market prices above loan rates by (1) limiting amount of sugar that processors of sugar beets and sugarcane sell into the U.S. market under marketing allotments (see Flexible Marketing Allotments below), (2) restricting imports tariff-rate quotas, and (3) operating the feedstock flexibility program for bioenergy
producers (i.e., sugar-to-ethanol program) under specified conditions. (7 U.S.C. 1359aa et seq., 7 U.S.C. 8110) 8110)
Maintains sugar loan rates through the 2018 crop year at $0.1875 per lb. for raw cane sugar and $0.2409 per lb. for refined beet sugar. Continues other provisions found in prior law. (7 U.S.C. 7272 (a, b, c, d, e, g, h, i))
Extends flexible marketing allotments for sugar, which limits amount of sugar food that processors can sell into the domestic market for human consumption each year, which is divided between sugarcane and sugar beet sectors, and then allocated to individual processors. Requires USDA each year to set the overall allotment quantity at not less than 85% of estimated U.S. human consumption. (7 U.S.C. 1359aa-1359jj, 1359ll)
Dairy Programs
No comparable provision.
Review of data used in calculation
No comparable provision.
Identical to the House provision.
1359aa-1359jj, 1359ll)
|
Same as current law except that all price-support-related provisions, including loan rates and flexible marketing allotments are extended through the 2023 crop year. (§1301) Extends the feedstock flexibility program (i.e., sugar-to-ethanol program) through 2023 crops. (See §6409)
|
Same as House provision (§1301).
For feedstock flexibility program. (See §9109)
|
Similar to the House provision but with an amendment that increases the price support loan rates for domestically grown sugar for crop years 2019-2023.
The loan rate available to processors of domestically grown raw cane sugar is increased by $0.01 per lb. to $0.1975 cents per lb. This simultaneously has the effect of raising the loan rate for refined beet sugar by $0.0128 cents per lb. to $0.2537 cents per lb. (§1301)
Feedstock flexibility program is identical to House provision. (See §9009)
|
Dairy Programs
|
No comparable provision.
|
Review of data used in calculation of average feed cost. No later than of average feed cost. No later than
(§1401(a))
60 days from enactment, USDA is to provide the House Committee on Agriculture and the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry a report that evaluates whether the average feed costs used to calculate
CRS-66
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
dairy margins are representative of actual feed costs. (§1401(a))
No comparable provision.
Corn silage report. No later than one No comparable provision.
Identical to the House provision.
year from enactment, USDA is to
(§1401(b))
average feed costs used to calculate dairy margins are representative of actual feed costs. (§1401(a))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to the House provision. (§1401(a))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Corn silage report. No later than one year from enactment, USDA is to provide the committees a detailed report on the cost for dairies to use corn silage as feed and the difference between the feed cost of corn silage and corn. (§1401(b))
No comparable provision.
Collection of alfalfa hay data. Not
No comparable provision.
Identical to the House provision.
corn. (§1401(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to the House provision. (§1401(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Collection of alfalfa hay data. Not later than 120 days from enactment, the later than 120 days from enactment, the
(§1401(c))
USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service is to revise monthly price survey reports to include the prices for high-quality alfalfa hay for the top five milk-producing states, by volume, in the month prior to the reported monthly price. (§1401(c))
Subtitle D—Dairy, Part I—Margin
Amends the heading to read “Part I—
Amends the heading to read “Part I—
Similar to House provision but amends
Protection Program for Dairy
Dairy Risk Management Program for
Dairy Risk Coverage.” (DRC)
the name of the program to Dairy
Producers. (Agricultural Act of 2014
Dairy Producers.” (DRMP)
(§1401(a))
Margin Coverage (DMC) to replace
(P.L. 113-79))
(§1401(i)(1))
Margin Protection Program (MPP). (§1401(k)(1))
price. (§1401(c))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to the House provision. (§1401(c))
|
Subtitle D—Dairy, Part I—Margin Protection Program for Dairy Producers. (Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79))
|
Amends the heading to read "Part I—Dairy Risk Management Program for Dairy Producers." (DRMP) (§1401(i)(1))
|
Amends the heading to read "Part I—Dairy Risk Coverage." (DRC) (§1401(a))
|
Similar to House provision but amends the name of the program to Dairy Margin Coverage (DMC) to replace Margin Protection Program (MPP). (§1401(k)(1))
|
Definitions. Section 1401 of the Definitions. Section 1401 of the
Deletes paragraphs 5 and 6 of 7 U.S.C.
Similar to House provision. Replaces the Similar to House provision but amends
Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79) defines certain terms of the dairy MPP. (7 U.S.C. 9051)
|
Deletes paragraphs 5 and 6 of 7 U.S.C. 9051 and inserts new paragraphs that define the DRMP as the program )
9051 and inserts new paragraphs that
term margin protection program where it
the name of the program to DMC.
defines certain terms of the dairy MPP.
define the DRMP as the program
appears and inserts dairy risk coverage.
(§1401(k)(2))
(7 U.S.C. 9051)
required in Sections 1403 and 1406 of P.L. 113-79. Deletes the term margin protection in paragraphs 7 and 8 of the section. (§1401(i)(2))
No comparable provision.
Amends the section by adding
No comparable provision.
catastrophic coverage defined as 40% of production history of participating dairy operations. (§1401(b))
CRS-67
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Calculation of actual dairy
Amends the section by striking margin
Amends the section by striking margin
Similar to House provision but amends
production margin. Calculates the
protection and inserting dairy risk
protection and inserting dairy risk
the name of the program to DMC.
margin for the MPP as the difference
management. (§1401(i)(3))
coverage. (§1401(c))
(§1401(k)(3))
between the feed cost and all-milk price. (7 U.S.C. 9052(b)(1))
Establishment of MPP for dairy
The section heading is amended by
The section heading is amended to Dairy Similar to Senate provision but amends
producers. Requires USDA to
deleting Establishing Margin Protection and Risk Coverage Administration. Requires
the provision to specify that existing
establish and administer the MPP no
inserting Dairy Risk Management. The
USDA to administer the dairy risk
MPP regulations that do not conflict
later than September 1, 2014. (7
September 1, 2014, date is struck and
coverage program beginning with 2019.
with the structure of DMC remain in
U.S.C. 9053)
replaced with The Secretary shall continue
The regulations in 7 C.F.R. 1430 (Margin place and do not need to be reissued.
to administer a dairy risk management
Protection Program for Dairy
(§1401(k)(4))
program. Margin protection payment is
Producers) in effect when the
replaced with dairy risk management
Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018
payment where it appears.
(Senate-passed H.R. 2) is enacted wil
(§1401(i)(4))
section. (§1401(i)(2))
|
Similar to House provision. Replaces the term margin protection program where it appears and inserts dairy risk coverage.
|
Similar to House provision but amends the name of the program to DMC. (§1401(k)(2))
|
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends the section by adding catastrophic coverage defined as 40% of production history of participating dairy operations. (§1401(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Calculation of actual dairy production margin. Calculates the margin for the MPP as the difference between the feed cost and all-milk price. (7 U.S.C. 9052(b)(1))
|
Amends the section by striking margin protection and inserting dairy risk management. (§1401(i)(3))
|
Amends the section by striking margin protection and inserting dairy risk coverage. (§1401(c))
|
Similar to House provision but amends the name of the program to DMC. (§1401(k)(3))
|
Establishment of MPP for dairy producers. Requires USDA to establish and administer the MPP no later than September 1, 2014. (7 U.S.C. 9053)
|
The section heading is amended by deleting Establishing Margin Protection and inserting Dairy Risk Management. The September 1, 2014, date is struck and replaced with The Secretary shall continue to administer a dairy risk management program. Margin protection payment is replaced with dairy risk management payment where it appears. (§1401(i)(4))
|
The section heading is amended to Dairy Risk Coverage Administration. Requires USDA to administer the dairy risk coverage program beginning with 2019. The regulations in 7 C.F.R. 1430 (Margin Protection Program for Dairy Producers) in effect when the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Senate-passed H.R. 2) is enacted will remain in effect for the dairy risk coverage program beginning 2019. (§1401(d))
|
Similar to Senate provision but amends the provision to specify that existing MPP regulations that do not conflict with the structure of DMC remain in place and do not need to be reissued. (§1401(k)(4))
|
Participation of dairy operations in MPP. Describes eligibility, the registration process, and the annual administrative fee to participate in MPP. (7 U.S.C. 9054)
|
Strikes Margin Protection from section heading. Replaces margin protection with dairy risk management where it appears. (§1401(i)(5))
|
Similar to House provision. Replaces margin protection with dairy risk coverage. (§1401(e))
|
Similar to House provision but amends the name of the program to DMC. (§1401(k)(5))
|
|
|
Amends the section by adding a catastrophic coverage option that allows dairy producers select catastrophic 1401(d))
Participation of dairy operations in
Strikes Margin Protection from section
Similar to House provision. Replaces
Similar to House provision but amends
MPP. Describes eligibility, the
heading. Replaces margin protection with
margin protection with dairy risk coverage.
the name of the program to DMC.
registration process, and the annual
dairy risk management where it appears.
(§1401(e))
(§1401(k)(5))
administrative fee to participate in MPP.
(§1401(i)(5))
(7 U.S.C. 9054)
Amends the section by adding a
No comparable provision. Instead
catastrophic coverage option that al ows
producers may choose the $4 coverage
dairy producers select catastrophic
level and pay no premium. (§1401(h))
coverage and receive a payment on 40% of production history when the margin is $5.00/cwt or less, instead of paying premiums to buy a selected margin level. Producers that select catastrophic coverage are required to pay $200 in administrative fees, consisting of the original $100 fee, plus an additional $100 fee. (§1401(e))
CRS-68
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Treatment of multi-producer dairy In multi-producer dairy operations,
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision but adds
operations. In dairy operations with
registration information may be
Election Period for 2019 Calendar Year
more than one producer, all of the
excluded for producers with less than
provision that requires USDA to open
producers are treated as a single dairy
5% ownership or who are entitled to
an election period for DMC of no less
operation for the purposes of
less than 5% of income, revenue, profit,
than 90 days no later than 60 days after
participating in the dairy Margin
gain, loss, expenditure, deduction, or
January 1, 2019.
Protection Program (MPP). (7 U.S.C.
credit in a multi-producer operation.
Amends the provision to clarify that (1)
9054(b)(3))
The dairy risk management payment to
a multi-producer dairy wil be treated as
the multi-producer operation is reduced
a single dairy, and (2) dairy operations
by the ownership share of the excluded
may not reduce production history to
owner(s) or the percentage of income,
impact eligibility for Tier I or Tier II
revenue, profit, gain, loss, expenditure,
premiums. (§1401(d))
$100 fee. (§1401(e))
|
No comparable provision. Instead producers may choose the $4 coverage level and pay no premium. (§1401(h))
|
Treatment of multi-producer dairy operations. In dairy operations with more than one producer, all of the producers are treated as a single dairy operation for the purposes of participating in the dairy Margin Protection Program (MPP). (7 U.S.C. 9054(b)(3))
|
In multi-producer dairy operations, registration information may be excluded for producers with less than 5% ownership or who are entitled to less than 5% of income, revenue, profit, gain, loss, expenditure, deduction, or credit in a multi-producer operation.
The dairy risk management payment to the multi-producer operation is reduced by the ownership share of the excluded owner(s) or the percentage of income, revenue, profit, gain, loss, expenditure, deduction, or credit of the excluded owner(s), whichever is greater. (§1401(d))
Relation to livestock gross margin
Amends the provision to allow dairy
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision but amends
for dairy program. Dairy producers
producers to participate in the renamed
the provision to allow dairy producers
may participate in MPP or Livestock
DRMP, and the LGM-D. The dual
to participate in DMC and LGM-D on
Gross Margin-Dairy (LGM-D) but not
coverage cannot be on the same milk
the same milk. Also, producers ineligible
both programs. (7 U.S.C. 9054(d))
production. (§1401(e))
to enrol owner(s), whichever is greater. (§1401(d))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision but adds Election Period for 2019 Calendar Year provision that requires USDA to open an election period for DMC of no less than 90 days no later than 60 days after January 1, 2019.
Amends the provision to clarify that (1) a multi-producer dairy will be treated as a single dairy, and (2) dairy operations may not reduce production history to impact eligibility for Tier I or Tier II premiums. (§1401(d))
|
Relation to livestock gross margin for dairy program. Dairy producers may participate in MPP or Livestock Gross Margin-Dairy (LGM-D) but not both programs. (7 U.S.C. 9054(d))
|
Amends the provision to allow dairy producers to participate in the renamed DRMP, and the LGM-D. The dual coverage cannot be on the same milk production. (§1401(e))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision but amends the provision to allow dairy producers to participate in DMC and LGM-D on the same milk. Also, producers ineligible to enroll in MPP because of LGM-D participation during any part of 2018 may retroactively sign up for MPP as amended in the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123), and USDA is to provide a signup period of not less than 90 days. (§1401(e))
|
Production history. For MPP, the production history is equal to the highest annual milk marketings of dairy operations during any one of the three calendar years 2011, 2012, or 2013. In subsequent years, USDA shall adjust the production history to reflect any increase in the national average milk production. Also, describes adjustments to production history, elections for new dairy operations, and required information to establish production history in the MPP (7 U.S.C. 9055)
|
Margin protection program is replaced with dairy risk management program
Production history. For MPP, the
Margin protection program is replaced
Replaces margin protection with dairy risk
Similar to House provision but amends
production history is equal to the
with dairy risk management program
coverage. (§1401(f))
the name of the program to DMC.
highest annual milk marketings of dairy
where it appears. (§401(i)(6))
The DRMP uses the highest annual milk marketings during calendar years 2011, 2012, or 2013 for production history for participation through 2023. USDA is to adjust production history to reflect increases in national average milk production for calendar years ending before January 1, 2019. (§1401(f)(1) and (2))
|
Replaces margin protection with dairy risk coverage. (§1401(f))
|
Similar to House provision but amends the name of the program to DMC. (§1401(k)(6))
Also, amends provision to allow dairies not in operation prior to January 1, 2014, and which have a production history of one year or more, to choose marketings for any one year for their production history. This production history will be adjusted up or down relative to national average milk production in 2017. (§1401(f)(1))
|
No comparable provision.
|
401(i)(6))
(§1401(k)(6))
operations during any one of the three
The DRMP uses the highest annual milk
Also, amends provision to allow dairies
calendar years 2011, 2012, or 2013. In
marketings during calendar years 2011,
not in operation prior to January 1,
subsequent years, USDA shall adjust the
2012, or 2013 for production history for
2014, and which have a production
production history to reflect any
participation through 2023. USDA is to
history of one year or more, to choose
increase in the national average milk
adjust production history to reflect
marketings for any one year for their
production. Also, describes adjustments
increases in national average milk
production history. This production
to production history, elections for new
production for calendar years ending
history wil be adjusted up or down
CRS-69
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
dairy operations, and required
before January 1, 2019. (§1401(f)(1)
relative to national average milk
information to establish production
and (2))
production in 2017. (§1401(f)(1))
history in the MPP (7 U.S.C. 9055)
No comparable provision.
Limitation on changes to business
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision.
Limitation on changes to business structure. Amends 7 U.S.C. 9055 by
(§1401(f)(2))
adding a subsection that limits changes to business structure of participating dairy operations. USDA may not make payments to dairy operations that reorganize for the sole purpose of qualifying as new dairy operations. (§1401(f)(3))
Margin protection payments.
Dairy Risk Management replaces Margin
Similar to House provision. Strikes
Similar to House provision but amends
Participating dairy operations annually
Protection in the section heading. Strikes
margin protection in each place it appears
the name of the program to DMC.
elect coverage level thresholds and the
margin protection in each place it appears. and inserts dairy risk coverage.
(§1401(k)(7))
percentage of milk production history
Strikes Margin Protection from the
(§1401(g))
covered by margin payments. (7 U.S.C. heading of subsection (c). (§1401(i)(7)) 9056)
Amends subsection (a) by deleting
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
annually and inserting the fol owing new subsection: (§1401(f)(3))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§1401(f)(2))
|
Margin protection payments. Participating dairy operations annually elect coverage level thresholds and the percentage of milk production history covered by margin payments. (7 U.S.C. 9056)
|
Dairy Risk Management replaces Margin Protection in the section heading. Strikes margin protection in each place it appears. Strikes Margin Protection from the heading of subsection (c). (§1401(i)(7))
|
Similar to House provision. Strikes margin protection in each place it appears and inserts dairy risk coverage. (§1401(g))
|
Similar to House provision but amends the name of the program to DMC. (§1401(k)(7))
|
|
Amends subsection (a) by deleting annually and inserting the following new subsection:
Deadline for election; duration. Not later than 90 days after enactment of DRMP, participating dairies are to elect a coverage level threshold and a coverage percentage. This election remains in effect for the duration of the DRMP. (§1401(g)(1))
Participating dairy operations may elect
Amends the section by adding $8.50 and Amends the thresholds for the first 5
Similar to House provision but amends
a coverage level threshold from $4.00 to $9.00 thresholds for the first 5 mil ion
mil ion pounds of milk production by
the provision to require participating
$8.00 in $0.50 increments. (7 U.S.C.
pounds of milk production.
removing the $4.00, $4.50, $5.00, and
dairies to select coverage of $4.00 to
9056(a)(1))
(§1401(g)(2))
$5.50 threshold levels.
$9.50, in $0.50 increments, on the first
Adds $5.00 threshold level for
5 mil ion pounds of production.
catastrophic coverage.
Also, dairies that cover the first 5 mil ion pounds of production at $8.00 to
CRS-70
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Amends the coverage level thresholds
$9.50 may select coverage from $4.00
for Tier I production to $5.50 to $9.00
to $8.00 on production over 5 mil ion
as shown in the producer premium
pounds. (§1401(g))
schedule. (§1401(g)(3))
Participating dairy operations may elect
Amends the section by striking 25%.
Identical to the House provision on
Similar to House provision but amends
a coverage percentage, in 5%
Dairy operations may elect a coverage
coverage percentage.
the section to allow production
increments, from 25% to 90% of
percentage, in 5% increments, not to
coverage percentage for 5%-95% of
production history. (7 U.S.C.
exceed 90% of production history.
production history. (§1401(g))
9056(a)(2))
(§1401(g)(3))
DRMP. (§1401(g)(1))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Participating dairy operations may elect a coverage level threshold from $4.00 to $8.00 in $0.50 increments. (7 U.S.C. 9056(a)(1))
|
Amends the section by adding $8.50 and $9.00 thresholds for the first 5 million pounds of milk production. (§1401(g)(2))
|
Amends the thresholds for the first 5 million pounds of milk production by removing the $4.00, $4.50, $5.00, and $5.50 threshold levels.
Adds $5.00 threshold level for catastrophic coverage.
Amends the coverage level thresholds for Tier I production to $5.50 to $9.00 as shown in the producer premium schedule. (§1401(g)(3))
|
Similar to House provision but amends the provision to require participating dairies to select coverage of $4.00 to $9.50, in $0.50 increments, on the first 5 million pounds of production.
Also, dairies that cover the first 5 million pounds of production at $8.00 to $9.50 may select coverage from $4.00 to $8.00 on production over 5 million pounds. (§1401(g))
|
Participating dairy operations may elect a coverage percentage, in 5% increments, from 25% to 90% of production history. (7 U.S.C. 9056(a)(2))
|
Amends the section by striking 25%. Dairy operations may elect a coverage percentage, in 5% increments, not to exceed 90% of production history. (§1401(g)(3))
|
Identical to the House provision on coverage percentage.
|
Similar to House provision but amends the section to allow production coverage percentage for 5%-95% of production history. (§1401(g))
|
|
|
Adds a coverage percentage of 40% for Adds a coverage percentage of 40% for
No comparable provision.
catastrophic coverage. (§1401(g)(3))
Premiums for MPP. Describes
Dairy Risk Management replaces Margin
Strikes margin protection where is
Similar to House provision but amends
premium calculations, lists premiums for Protection in the section heading. In
appears and inserts dairy risk coverage.
the name of the program to DMC.
different coverage level thresholds and
subsection (a), dairy risk management
(§1401(h))
(§1401(k)(8))
coverage percentages, and premium
program replaces margin protection
obligations. (7 U.S.C. 9057(a))
program. Strikes subsection (e). (§1401(i)(8))
Tier I Premiums for MPP. For the
DRMP amends the producer coverage
DRC amends the producer coverage
DMC amends the producer coverage
first 5 mil ion pounds of milk
threshold premiums, per cwt., for the
threshold premiums, per cwt, for the
threshold premiums, per cwt, for the
production, producer premiums for
first 5 mil ion pounds of milk production first 5 mil ion pounds of milk production first 5 mil ion pounds of milk production
catastrophic coverage. (§1401(g)(3))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Premiums for MPP. Describes premium calculations, lists premiums for different coverage level thresholds and coverage percentages, and premium obligations. (7 U.S.C. 9057(a))
|
Dairy Risk Management replaces Margin Protection in the section heading. In subsection (a), dairy risk management program replaces margin protection program. Strikes subsection (e). (§1401(i)(8))
|
Strikes margin protection where is appears and inserts dairy risk coverage. (§1401(h))
|
Similar to House provision but amends the name of the program to DMC. (§1401(k)(8))
|
Tier I Premiums for MPP. For the first 5 million pounds of milk production, producer premiums for coverage level thresholds per cwt. are $0 for $4.00, $4.50, and $5.00; $0.009 for $5.50, $0.016 for $6.00, $0.040 for $6.50, $0.063 for $7.00, $0.087 for $7.50, and $0.142 for $8.00. (7 U.S.C. 9057(b)(2); as amended by the Bipartisan Budget Act (P.L. 115-123)).
|
DRMP amends the producer coverage threshold premiums, per cwt., for the first 5 million pounds of milk production to $0 for $4.00, $0.002 for $4.50, $0.005 for $5.00, $0.008 for $5.50, $0.010 for $6.00, $0.017 for $6.50, $0.041 for $7.00, $0.057 for $7.50, $0.090 for $8.00, $0.120 for $8.50, and $0.170 for $9.00. (§1401(h)(1))
|
DRC amends the producer coverage threshold premiums, per cwt, for the first 5 million pounds of milk production to $0 for $4.00, $4.50, and $5.00, $0.020 for $5.50, $0.040 for $6.00, $0.070 for $6.50, $0.100 for $7.00, coverage level thresholds per cwt. are
to $0 for $4.00, $0.002 for $4.50,
to $0 for $4.00, $4.50, and $5.00,
to $0 for $4.00, $0.0025 for $4.50,
$0 for $4.00, $4.50, and $5.00; $0.009
$0.005 for $5.00, $0.008 for $5.50,
$0.020 for $5.50, $0.040 for $6.00,
$0.005 for $5.00, $0.030 for $5.50,
for $5.50, $0.016 for $6.00, $0.040 for
$0.010 for $6.00, $0.017 for $6.50,
$0.070 for $6.50, $0.100 for $7.00,
$0.050 for $6.00, $0.070 for $6.50,
$6.50, $0.063 for $7.00, $0.087 for
$0.041 for $7.00, $0.057 for $7.50,
$0.120 for $7.50, $0.140 for $8.00,
$0.080 for $7.00, $0.090 for $7.50,
$7.50, and $0.142 for $8.00. (7 U.S.C.
$0.090 for $8.00, $0.120 for $8.50, and
$0.160 for $8.50, and $0.180 for $9.00.
$0.100 for $8.00, $0.105 for $8.50,
9057(b)(2); as amended by the
$0.170 for $9.00. (§1401(h)(1))
(§1401(h)(3))
$0.110 for $9.00, and $0.150 for $9.50.
Bipartisan Budget Act (P.L. 115-
(§1401(h)(1))
123))
Tier II Premiums for MPP. For milk
No comparable provision.
DRC amends the producer coverage
DRC amends the producer coverage
production in excess of 5 mil ion
threshold premiums, per cwt, for milk
threshold premiums, per cwt, for milk
pounds, producer premiums for
production in excess of 5 mil ion pounds production in excess of 5 mil ion pounds
$0.120 for $7.50, $0.140 for $8.00, $0.160 for $8.50, and $0.180 for $9.00. (§1401(h)(3))
|
DMC amends the producer coverage threshold premiums, per cwt, for the first 5 million pounds of milk production to $0 for $4.00, $0.0025 for $4.50, $0.005 for $5.00, $0.030 for $5.50, $0.050 for $6.00, $0.070 for $6.50, $0.080 for $7.00, $0.090 for $7.50, $0.100 for $8.00, $0.105 for $8.50, $0.110 for $9.00, and $0.150 for $9.50. (§1401(h)(1))
|
Tier II Premiums for MPP. For milk production in excess of 5 million pounds, producer premiums for coverage level thresholds per cwt. are $0 for $4.00, $0.020 for $4.50, $0.040 for $5.00, $0.100 for $5.50, $0.155 for $6.00, $0.290 for $6.50, $0.830 for $7.00, $1.060 for $7.50, and $1.360 for $8.00. (7 U.S.C. 9057(c)(2))
|
No comparable provision.
|
DRC amends the producer coverage threshold premiums, per cwt, for milk production in excess of 5 million pounds to $0 for $4.00, $4.50, and $5.00, $0.144 for $5.50, $0.240 for $6.00, $0.420 for $6.50, $1.080 for $7.00, $1.320 for $7.50, and $1.680 for $8.00. (§1401(h)(4))
|
DRC amends the producer coverage threshold premiums, per cwt, for milk production in excess of 5 million pounds to $0 for $4.00, $0.0025 for $4.50, $0.005 for $5.00, $0.100 for $5.50, $0.310 for $6.00, $0.650 for $6.50, $1.107 for $7.00, $1.413 for $7.50, and $1.813 for $8.00. (§1401(h)(2))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
coverage level thresholds per cwt. are
to $0 for $4.00, $4.50, and $5.00,
to $0 for $4.00, $0.0025 for $4.50,
$0 for $4.00, $0.020 for $4.50, $0.040
$0.144 for $5.50, $0.240 for $6.00,
$0.005 for $5.00, $0.100 for $5.50,
for $5.00, $0.100 for $5.50, $0.155 for
$0.420 for $6.50, $1.080 for $7.00,
$0.310 for $6.00, $0.650 for $6.50,
$6.00, $0.290 for $6.50, $0.830 for
CRS-71
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
$7.00, $1.060 for $7.50, and $1.360 for
$1.320 for $7.50, and $1.680 for $8.00.
$1.107 for $7.00, $1.413 for $7.50, and
$8.00. (7 U.S.C. 9057(c)(2))
(§1401(h)(4))
$1.813 for $8.00. (§1401(h)(2))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Small and medium farm discount. Tier I and Tier II premiums are discounted 50% for milk production history of 2 million pounds or less for participating dairies. The premiums are discounted 25% on milk production history over 2 million pounds and not greater than 10 million pounds. (§1401(h)(6))
|
Similar to Senate provision but amends the provision to provide a 25% premium discount to any dairy that selects and commits to coverage level and covered production in a tier for 2019-2023. For new dairies, the discount covers the year of established production history through 2023. The selection may not be .
Similar to Senate provision but amends
Tier I and Tier II premiums are
the provision to provide a 25% premium
discounted 50% for milk production
discount to any dairy that selects and
history of 2 mil ion pounds or less for
commits to coverage level and covered
participating dairies. The premiums are
production in a tier for 2019-2023. For
discounted 25% on milk production
new dairies, the discount covers the
history over 2 mil ion pounds and not
year of established production history
greater than 10 mil ion pounds.
through 2023. The selection may not be
(§1401(h)(6))
changed during the period. Dairies may make the selections annually but will wil not receive a premium discount. (§1401(j))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Repayment of premiums. Requires
Similar to Senate provision but amends
USDA to repay premiums to dairy
the provision to clarify that dairy
operations that participated in MPP
operations must apply for repayment
during 2015-2017. Dairy operations may and select whether to take 75% of the receive a premium repayment if their
repayment as credit for DMC premiums
amount of premiums paid exceeded the
or a 50% direct cash payment.
amount of margin payments, plus the
(§1401(i))
Repayment of premiums. Requires USDA to repay premiums to dairy operations that participated in MPP during 2015-2017. Dairy operations may receive a premium repayment if their amount of premiums paid exceeded the amount of margin payments, plus the MPP program costs, received for a calendar year. (§1401(g))
Time for payment of premiums.
In a technical correction, the subsection
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to provide more than
title is amended to Method of
one method for participating dairies to
Payment of Premiums.
pay premiums to maximize payment
(§1401(h)(2))
calendar year. (§1401(g))
|
Similar to Senate provision but amends the provision to clarify that dairy operations must apply for repayment and select whether to take 75% of the repayment as credit for DMC premiums or a 50% direct cash payment. (§1401(i))
|
Time for payment of premiums. Requires USDA to provide more than one method for participating dairies to pay premiums to maximize payment flexibility and program integrity. (7 U.S.C. 9057(d))
No comparable provision.
Effective date. The amendments
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision but amends
establishing the DRMP take effect 60
the effective date for DMC to January 1,
days after the date of enactment.
2019. (§1401(m))
(§1401(j))
Duration. The margin protection
Deletes margin protection and inserts
Similar to House provision. Deletes
Similar to House and Senate provisions.
program ends on December 31, 2018.
dairy risk management. Amends the end
margin protection and inserts dairy risk
Authorizes the DMC program through
(7 U.S.C. 9059)
December 31, 2023. (§1401(l))
CRS-72
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
date to December 31, 2023.
U.S.C. 9057(d))
|
In a technical correction, the subsection title is amended to Method of Payment of Premiums. (§1401(h)(2))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Effective date. The amendments establishing the DRMP take effect 60 days after the date of enactment. (§1401(j))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision but amends the effective date for DMC to January 1, 2019. (§1401(m))
|
Duration. The margin protection program ends on December 31, 2018. (7 U.S.C. 9059)
|
Deletes margin protection and inserts dairy risk management. Amends the end date to December 31, 2023. (§1401(k))
|
Similar to House provision. Deletes margin protection and inserts dairy risk coverage. Amends the end date to coverage. Amends the end date to
(§1401(k))
December 31, 2023. (§1401(j))
Effect of failure to pay
Strikes margin protection where it
Similar to House provision. Strikes
Similar to House provision but amends
administrative fees or premiums.
appears and replaces it with dairy risk
margin protection where it appears and
the name of the program to DMC.
Dairy operations that participate in MPP management. (§1401(i)(9))
replaces it with dairy risk coverage.
(§1401(k)(9))
are legally obligated to pay
(§1401(i))
December 31, 2023. (§1401(j))
|
Similar to House and Senate provisions. Authorizes the DMC program through December 31, 2023. (§1401(l))
|
Effect of failure to pay administrative fees or premiums. Dairy operations that participate in MPP are legally obligated to pay administrative fees and premiums. They may not receive MPP payments if payments are in arrears. (7 U.S.C. 9058)
Administration and enforcement.
Strikes margin protection where it
Similar to House provision. Strikes
Similar to House provision but amends
The Secretary wil promulgate
appears and replaces it with dairy risk
margin protection where it appears and
the name of the program to DMC.
regulations for (1) the MPP, (2)
management. (§1401(i)(10))
replaces it with dairy risk coverage.
(§1401(k)(10))
prohibiting reconstituting dairies to
(§1401(k))
receive MPP payments, and (3) administrative appeals. (7 U.S.C. 9060)
Repeal, Amend, and Reauthorization of Other Dairy Programs
Dairy Product Donation Program
Repeals DPDP. (§1406)
Amends DPDP by replacing it with the
Similar to Senate provision in amending
(DPDP). Requires USDA to purchase
Milk Donation Program. No later
the provision to repeal the DPDP and
dairy products at prevailing market
than 180 days from enactment, USDA is
establish a new donation program.
prices when the dairy margin (milk
required to establish and administer a
Provides mandatory funding of $9
price-feed costs) is $4.00 per cwt. or
milk donation program to (1) encourage mil ion in FY2019 and $5 mil ion in each
lower for two-consecutive months.
the donation of fluid milk; (2) provide
fol owing fiscal year to remain available
DPDP purchases end when certain
nutrition assistance to individuals in low-
until expended. (§1404)
conditions occur, such as three-
income groups; and (3) reduce food
consecutive months of purchases, or the
waste. (§1413)
margin moves higher than $4.00/cwt.
Under the program, dairy farmers,
Purchased dairy products are to be
cooperatives, or processors, who
given to low-income populations
account for milk under the federal milk
utilizing the services of public and
marketing order system, may donate
private nonprofit groups. DPDP is
fluid milk to public or private nonprofit
funded through the CCC. Expires
organizations that distribute donated
December 31, 2018. (7 U.S.C. 9071)
9058)
|
Strikes margin protection where it appears and replaces it with dairy risk management. (§1401(i)(9))
|
Similar to House provision. Strikes margin protection where it appears and replaces it with dairy risk coverage. (§1401(i))
|
Similar to House provision but amends the name of the program to DMC. (§1401(k)(9))
|
Administration and enforcement. The Secretary will promulgate regulations for (1) the MPP, (2) prohibiting reconstituting dairies to receive MPP payments, and (3) administrative appeals. (7 U.S.C. 9060)
|
Strikes margin protection where it appears and replaces it with dairy risk management. (§1401(i)(10))
|
Similar to House provision. Strikes margin protection where it appears and replaces it with dairy risk coverage. (§1401(k))
|
Similar to House provision but amends the name of the program to DMC. (§1401(k)(10))
|
Repeal, Amend, and Reauthorization of Other Dairy Programs
|
Dairy Product Donation Program (DPDP). Requires USDA to purchase dairy products at prevailing market prices when the dairy margin (milk price-feed costs) is $4.00 per cwt. or lower for two-consecutive months. DPDP purchases end when certain conditions occur, such as three-consecutive months of purchases, or the margin moves higher than $4.00/cwt. Purchased dairy products are to be given to low-income populations utilizing the services of public and private nonprofit groups. DPDP is funded through the CCC. Expires December 31, 2018. (7 U.S.C. 9071)
|
Repeals DPDP. (§1406)
|
Amends DPDP by replacing it with the Milk Donation Program. No later than 180 days from enactment, USDA is required to establish and administer a milk donation program to (1) encourage the donation of fluid milk; (2) provide nutrition assistance to individuals in low-income groups; and (3) reduce food waste. (§1413)
Under the program, dairy farmers, cooperatives, or processors, who account for milk under the federal milk marketing order system, may donate fluid milk to public or private nonprofit organizations that distribute donated milk and receive a reimbursement for costs associated with the donated milk. Participants are required to provide
CRS-73
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
USDA donation and distribution plans that (1) describe how they will wil donate, process, transport, store, and distribute milk; (2) estimate how much milk will be wil be
donated and provide a plan for unanticipated donations; and (3) explain their reimbursement rate. The reimbursement rate may not exceed the value of the difference of Class I milk and the lower of Class III or Class IV milk in the federal milk marketing order pool for the applicable month. USDA is to review and approve the plans at least once a year, and USDA may verify the documentation for reimbursements by spot checks or audits.
Donated milk is prohibited for resale and distributors who violate this will wil be barred from future participation in the program.
The provision provides $8 millionmil ion in CCC funding for FY2019, and $5 million mil ion for each year FY2020 through FY2023. Funds are available until expended.
Dairy Forward Pricing Program.
Extends program through FY2023.
Identical to the House provision.
Identical to House and Senate
Authorizes a dairy forward pricing
Allows for new contracts until
(§1411(a))
provisions. (§1402(a))
program. Prices paid by milk handlers
September 30, 2023, but no contract
under forward contracts are deemed to
can extend beyond September 30, 2026.
satisfy the minimum price requirements
(§1403)
Funds are available until expended.
|
Similar to Senate provision in amending the provision to repeal the DPDP and establish a new donation program. Provides mandatory funding of $9 million in FY2019 and $5 million in each following fiscal year to remain available until expended. (§1404)
|
Dairy Forward Pricing Program. Authorizes a dairy forward pricing program. Prices paid by milk handlers under forward contracts are deemed to satisfy the minimum price requirements of federal milk marketing orders. Forward contracts apply only to milk purchased for manufactured products (Classes II, III, and IV) and excludes milk purchased for fluid consumption (Class I). Expires on September 30, 2018. (7 U.S.C. 8772)
CRS-74
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Dairy Indemnity Program.
Extends program through FY2023.
Identical to the House provision.
Identical to House and Senate
Authorizes payments to dairy farmers
(§1404)
(§1411(b))
provisions. (§1402(b))
U.S.C. 8772)
|
Extends program through FY2023. Allows for new contracts until September 30, 2023, but no contract can extend beyond September 30, 2026. (§1403)
|
Identical to the House provision. (§1411(a))
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§1402(a))
|
Dairy Indemnity Program. Authorizes payments to dairy farmers when a public regulatory agency directs removal of raw milk from the market because of contamination by pesticides, nuclear radiation or fallout, or toxic substances and other chemical residues. Expires September 30, 2018. (7 U.S.C. 4551)
Dairy Promotion and Research
Extends program through FY2023.
Identical to the House provision.
Identical to House and Senate
Program. The Dairy Production
(§1405)
(§1411(c))
provisions. (§1402(c))
4551)
|
Extends program through FY2023. (§1404)
|
Identical to the House provision. (§1411(b))
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§1402(b))
|
Dairy Promotion and Research Program. The Dairy Production Stabilization Act of 1983 authorized a generic dairy product promotion, research, and nutrition education program, funded by a mandatory $0.15 per cwt. assessment on milk produced/marketed in the 48 contiguous states. Importers in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico must also pay an assessment rate of $0.075 per cwt. on imported products. Expires September 30, 2018. (7 U.S.C. 4504)
Federal Milk Marketing Orders
Terms—milk and its products. Sets
Class I skim milk price. Amends the
Identical to the House provision.
Identical to House and Senate
terms of classifying milk by its use and
section by striking the minimum
(§1412)
provisions. (§1403)
setting a minimum price for each
adjustments to Class I milk, the table of
classified use (Class I, II, III, and IV) that
marketing area adjustments, and the
handlers pay producers or cooperatives. effective period. The amended Class I The prices are uniform to handlers
skim milk price per cwt. is to be
subject to adjustments for (1) volume,
calculated as the simple average of the
market, and production differentials; (2)
USDA reported advanced Class III and
30, 2018. (7 U.S.C. 4504)
|
Extends program through FY2023. (§1405)
|
Identical to the House provision. (§1411(c))
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§1402(c))
|
Federal Milk Marketing Orders
|
Terms—milk and its products. Sets terms of classifying milk by its use and setting a minimum price for each classified use (Class I, II, III, and IV) that handlers pay producers or cooperatives. The prices are uniform to handlers subject to adjustments for (1) volume, market, and production differentials; (2) grade or quality of milk; and (3) location grade or quality of milk; and (3) location
Class IV skim milk pricing factors plus
for delivery of milk to handlers. The
applicable differential adjustments as
section sets minimum dollardol ar amounts of adjustments to Class I milk by marketing
CRS-75
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
areas for a hundredweight of milk at
specified in regulation plus $0.74.
3.5% milkfat. The minimum adjustments
(§1402(a))
went into effect on December 23, 1985,
The amended pricing takes effect on the
and are included in a table. (7 U.S.C.
first day of the first month beginning
608c(5)(A))
adjustments to Class I milk by marketing areas for a hundredweight of milk at 3.5% milkfat. The minimum adjustments went into effect on December 23, 1985, and are included in a table. (7 U.S.C. 608c(5)(A))
|
Class I skim milk price. Amends the section by striking the minimum adjustments to Class I milk, the table of marketing area adjustments, and the effective period. The amended Class I skim milk price per cwt. is to be calculated as the simple average of the USDA reported advanced Class III and Class IV skim milk pricing factors plus applicable differential adjustments as specified in regulation plus $0.74. (§1402(a))
The amended pricing takes effect on the first day of the first month beginning more than 120 days after enactment. (§1402(b)(1)
more than 120 days after enactment. (§1402(b)(1) The amendment is not subject to (1) the notice and comment provisions of 5 U.S.C. 553, (2) the notice and hearing requirements of 7 U.S.C. 608c, (3) the order amendment requirements of 7 U.S.C. 608c(17), or (4) the referendum section of 7 U.S.C. 608c(19). (§1402(b)(2)
|
Identical to the House provision. (§1412)
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§1403)
|
Supplemental Agricultural Disaster Assistance Programs
|
Definitions. Four terms are defined under the Supplemental Agricultural Disaster Assistance Program: eligible producer on a farm, farm-raised fish, livestock, and Secretary. Eligible producer on a farm is defined as an individual or entity that assumes the production and 1402(b)(2)
Supplemental Agricultural Disaster Assistance Programs
Definitions. Four terms are defined
No comparable provision.
Adds Indian tribe or tribal organization, as
Identical to Senate provision.
under the Supplemental Agricultural
defined in Section 4 of the Indian Self-
(§1501(a))
Disaster Assistance Program: eligible
Determination and Education Assistance
producer on a farm, farm-raised fish,
Act (15 U.S.C. 3504), to the list of
livestock, and Secretary. Eligible producer
individual or entities referenced in the
on a farm is defined as an individual or
definition of an eligible producer on a
entity that assumes the production and
farm. (§1501(a))
market risks associated with the agricultural production of crops or livestock. The terms individual or entity specifically refer to 1) a U.S. citizen, 2) a resident alien, 3) a partnership of U.S. citizens, or 4) a corporation, limited liability corporation, or other farm organization structure organized under State law. (7 U.S.C. 9081(a))
The Livestock Indemnity Program
Expands payments to include losses
Specifies that USDA may disregard
Adopts both House and Senate
(LIP) compensates producers at a rate
from disease that is caused or
management practices, vaccination
provisions. (§1501(b))
of 75% of market value for livestock
transmitted by a vector and is not
protocol, or lack of vaccination by the
mortality or livestock sold at a loss
control ed by vaccination or other
eligible producer when the loss from
CRS-76
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
caused by adverse weather or
acceptable management practices.
adverse weather was the death of
reintroduced animal attacks.
(§1501(a))
unweaned livestock. (§1501(b))
(7 U.S.C. 9081(b))
Emergency Assistance for
No comparable provision.
Amends the program to add the cost of
Similar to Senate provision. Effective
Livestock, Honey Bees, and Farm-
inspecting for cattle tick fever to the list
date of amendment applies to
Raised Fish Program (ELAP).
of approved costs covered by the
inspections conducted on or after
Provides payments to producers of
program. (§12610)
enactment. (§1501(c))
State law. (7 U.S.C. 9081(a))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds Indian tribe or tribal organization, as defined in Section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (15 U.S.C. 3504), to the list of individual or entities referenced in the definition of an eligible producer on a farm. (§1501(a))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§1501(a))
|
The Livestock Indemnity Program (LIP) compensates producers at a rate of 75% of market value for livestock mortality or livestock sold at a loss caused by adverse weather or reintroduced animal attacks. (7 U.S.C. 9081(b))
|
Expands payments to include losses from disease that is caused or transmitted by a vector and is not controlled by vaccination or other acceptable management practices. (§1501(a))
|
Specifies that USDA may disregard management practices, vaccination protocol, or lack of vaccination by the eligible producer when the loss from adverse weather was the death of unweaned livestock. (§1501(b))
|
Adopts both House and Senate provisions. (§1501(b))
|
Emergency Assistance for Livestock, Honey Bees, and Farm-Raised Fish Program (ELAP). Provides payments to producers of livestock, honey bees, and farm-raised fish as compensation for losses due to disease, adverse weather, feed or water shortages, or other conditions (such as wildfires) that are not covered under Livestock Indemnity Program (LIP) or Livestock Forage Disaster Program (LFP). (7 U.S.C. 9081(d)(2))
The Tree Assistance Program
No comparable provision.
Adds a new, increased payment rate for
Identical to Senate provision.
(TAP) provides payments to eligible
beginning and veteran producers of 75%
(§1501(d))
orchardists and nursery growers to
of the cost of replanting and
replant or rehabilitate trees, bushes and
rehabilitation. (§1501(c))
(LFP). (7 U.S.C. 9081(d)(2))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends the program to add the cost of inspecting for cattle tick fever to the list of approved costs covered by the program. (§12610)
|
Similar to Senate provision. Effective date of amendment applies to inspections conducted on or after enactment. (§1501(c))
|
The Tree Assistance Program (TAP) provides payments to eligible orchardists and nursery growers to replant or rehabilitate trees, bushes and vines damaged by natural disasters. Eligible losses must exceed 15%, after adjustment for normal mortality. Payments cover 65% of the cost of replanting trees or nursery stock and 50% of the cost of rehabilitation (e.g., pruning and removal). (7 U.S.C. 9081(e))
Total payments received under the LFP Excludes ELAP from the $125,000 per
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision.
and ELAP are limited to $125,000 for
crop year payment limit. LFP remains
(§1501(e))
any crop year. (7 U.S.C. 9081(f))
9081(e))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds a new, increased payment rate for beginning and veteran producers of 75% of the cost of replanting and rehabilitation. (§1501(c))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§1501(d))
|
Total payments received under the LFP and ELAP are limited to $125,000 for any crop year. (7 U.S.C. 9081(f))
|
Excludes ELAP from the $125,000 per crop year payment limit. LFP remains subject to a $125,000 per crop year payment limit. (§1501(b)(1))
No comparable provision.
Adds exclusion to the adjusted gross
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
payment limit. (§1501(b)(1))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§1501(e))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds exclusion to the adjusted gross income limit (Section 1604) for participants under the Supplemental Agricultural Disaster Assistance
CRS-77
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Programs who receive more than 75% of their income from farming, ranching, or silviculture. (§1501(b)(2))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Peach and Blueberry Losses.
No comparable provision.
Provides $18 mil ionor silviculture. (§1501(b)(2))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Peach and Blueberry Losses. Provides $18 million in mandatory funding for peach and blueberry losses in CY2017 due to extreme cold. (§1502)
Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (NAP)
Operation and Administration.
No comparable provision.
Adds a data col ection and coordination
Identical to Senate provision.
NAP provides a catastrophic-level of
requirement. (§1601(1)(A))
(§1601(1)(A))
in CY2017 due to extreme cold. (§1502)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (NAP)
|
Operation and Administration. NAP provides a catastrophic-level of coverage to producers of crops that are not insurable under the federal crop insurance program. (7 U.S.C. 7333(a)(1))
Crops eligible for NAP are defined as
Amends the definition of eligible crop to
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision.
commercial crops or commodities
include those crops that may be
(§1601(1)(B))
(except livestock) for which catastrophic insurable under the crop insurance
risk protection and select policies
program but only for whole farm plans
(including buy-up coverage) under the
or policies that provide coverage for
federal crop insurance program is
specific intervals based on weather
unavailable. (7 U.S.C. 7333(a)(2))
indexes. (§11501)
Native sod. Fol owing enactment of
No comparable provision.
Amends benefit reductions on native
Similar to Senate provision but with
the 2014 farm bil , native sod acreage
sod to include all “eligible” crops rather
amendments. Amends benefits
that has been til ed to produce annual
than “annual” crops for four years.
reduction to not more than four years
crops receive reduced benefits under
Requires producers to certify the
during the first 10 years after initial
NAP during the first four years of
location of til ed native sod acreage.
til age. Also, excludes the Senate’s
planting. Crops planted on native sod
Adds an annual reporting requirement
certification and reporting requirements
have higher fees and reduced yield
for benefits reduced by the native sod
and excludes the ability for governors to
guarantees. Benefit reductions are
provision. Allows governors from other
opt in to the provision. Adds an
limited to native sod in Minnesota, Iowa,
states to request the native sod
amendment to yield guarantee reduction
North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana,
provision apply to their state.
from transition yields to county
and Nebraska. (7 U.S.C. 7333(a)(4))
(§1601(1)(B))
expected yields. (§1601(1)(C))
CRS-78
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Applications. NAP applications are
No comparable provision.
Provides flexibility for NAP application
Similar to Senate provision with an
due 30-days prior to the coverage
deadlines and requires a streamlined
amendment to streamline the process
period. Producers must provide annual
process for submitting records and
for submitting records. (§1601(2))
production records and acreage reports.
acreage reports for diverse production
(7 U.S.C. 7333(b))
systems. (§1601(2))
Payments. Payments are made based
No comparable provision.
Adjusts the payment formula to include
Identical to Senate provision.
on 50% of the established yield of the
the total number of acres devoted to
(§1601(3))
crop. (7 U.S.C. 7333(d))
7333(a)(1))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds a data collection and coordination requirement. (§1601(1)(A))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§1601(1)(A))
|
Crops eligible for NAP are defined as commercial crops or commodities (except livestock) for which catastrophic risk protection and select policies (including buy-up coverage) under the federal crop insurance program is unavailable. (7 U.S.C. 7333(a)(2))
|
Amends the definition of eligible crop to include those crops that may be insurable under the crop insurance program but only for whole farm plans or policies that provide coverage for specific intervals based on weather indexes. (§11501)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§1601(1)(B))
|
Native sod. Following enactment of the 2014 farm bill, native sod acreage that has been tilled to produce annual crops receive reduced benefits under NAP during the first four years of planting. Crops planted on native sod have higher fees and reduced yield guarantees. Benefit reductions are limited to native sod in Minnesota, Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and Nebraska. (7 U.S.C. 7333(a)(4))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends benefit reductions on native sod to include all "eligible" crops rather than "annual" crops for four years. Requires producers to certify the location of tilled native sod acreage. Adds an annual reporting requirement for benefits reduced by the native sod provision. Allows governors from other states to request the native sod provision apply to their state. (§1601(1)(B))
|
Similar to Senate provision but with amendments. Amends benefits reduction to not more than four years during the first 10 years after initial tillage. Also, excludes the Senate's certification and reporting requirements and excludes the ability for governors to opt in to the provision. Adds an amendment to yield guarantee reduction from transition yields to county expected yields. (§1601(1)(C))
|
Applications. NAP applications are due 30-days prior to the coverage period. Producers must provide annual production records and acreage reports. (7 U.S.C. 7333(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Provides flexibility for NAP application deadlines and requires a streamlined process for submitting records and acreage reports for diverse production systems. (§1601(2))
|
Similar to Senate provision with an amendment to streamline the process for submitting records. (§1601(2))
|
Payments. Payments are made based on 50% of the established yield of the crop. (7 U.S.C. 7333(d))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adjusts the payment formula to include the total number of acres devoted to the eligible crop and based on the approved yield rather than the established yield. (§1601(3))
Yield Determinations are calculated
No comparable provision.
Amends yield determinations with no
Identical to Senate provision.
based on actual production history or, if
production history to use county
(§1601(4))
established yield. (§1601(3))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§1601(3))
|
Yield Determinations are calculated based on actual production history or, if unavailable, 65% of the transitional yield. unavailable, 65% of the transitional yield.
expected yields rather than transitional
(7 U.S.C. 7333(e)(1)-(e)(3))
yields. (§1601(4))
Payment limits. Total NAP payments
No comparable provision.
Separates the payment limit for
Identical to Senate provision.
are limited to $125,000 per crop year,
catastrophic coverage ($125,000) and
(§1601(5))
per individual or entity. (7 U.S.C.
additional coverage ($300,000).
7333(i)(2))
(§1601(5))
Service fee. Producers pay a fee of
Increases the service fees to $350 per
Increases service fees to $325 per crop
Identical to Senate provision.
$250 per crop per county or $750 per
crop per county or $1,050 per producer per county, or $825 per producer per
(§1601(6))
producer per county, not to exceed
per county, not to exceed $2,100 per
county, not to exceed $1,950 per
$1,875 per producer. (7 U.S.C.
producer. (§11502)
producer. Deletes sunset dates for buy-
7333(k)(1))
up coverage. (§1601(6))
Buy-up coverage. Additional, or buy-
Extends buy-up coverage through
Adds the producer’s share of the crop
Similar to Senate provision with
up coverage, may be purchased at 50%
FY2023, deletes a 2012 fruit loss
to the list of multipliers used to
amendments. Includes House bil ’s
to 65% (in 5% increments) of established provision, and amends the premium for
calculate the payment amount and
amendment on additional coverage
yield and 100% of average market price.
additional coverage to be proportional
amends the average market price
premiums. (§1601(7))
The farmer-paid fee for additional
to a producer’s share of the crop.
multiplier to include to contract price or
coverage is 5.25% times the product of
(§11503)
other premium price. Deletes 2012 fruit
the selected coverage level and value of
loss provision and buy-up coverage
production (acreage times yield times
expiration date. (§1601(7))
average market price). Buy-up coverage is available each crop year 2015 through 2018. (7 U.S.C. 7333(l)
CRS-79
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
(7 U.S.C. 7333(e)(1)-(e)(3))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends yield determinations with no production history to use county expected yields rather than transitional yields. (§1601(4))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§1601(4))
|
Payment limits. Total NAP payments are limited to $125,000 per crop year, per individual or entity. (7 U.S.C. 7333(i)(2))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Separates the payment limit for catastrophic coverage ($125,000) and additional coverage ($300,000). (§1601(5))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§1601(5))
|
Service fee. Producers pay a fee of $250 per crop per county or $750 per producer per county, not to exceed $1,875 per producer. (7 U.S.C. 7333(k)(1))
|
Increases the service fees to $350 per crop per county or $1,050 per producer per county, not to exceed $2,100 per producer. (§11502)
|
Increases service fees to $325 per crop per county, or $825 per producer per county, not to exceed $1,950 per producer. Deletes sunset dates for buy-up coverage. (§1601(6))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§1601(6))
|
Buy-up coverage. Additional, or buy-up coverage, may be purchased at 50% to 65% (in 5% increments) of established yield and 100% of average market price. The farmer-paid fee for additional coverage is 5.25% times the product of the selected coverage level and value of production (acreage times yield times average market price). Buy-up coverage is available each crop year 2015 through 2018. (7 U.S.C. 7333(l)
|
Extends buy-up coverage through FY2023, deletes a 2012 fruit loss provision, and amends the premium for additional coverage to be proportional to a producer's share of the crop. (§11503)
|
Adds the producer's share of the crop to the list of multipliers used to calculate the payment amount and amends the average market price multiplier to include to contract price or other premium price. Deletes 2012 fruit loss provision and buy-up coverage expiration date. (§1601(7))
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Includes House bill's amendment on additional coverage premiums. (§1601(7))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds a new requirement for certain Adds a new requirement for certain
No comparable provision.
producers that suffered losses due to volcanic activity stating that USDA must provide NAP assistance, less fees, to cover losses of eligible crops in counties with a qualifying disaster declaration. (§1602)
Payment Limits
Payment limitations. Establishes the
Retains the payment limit of $125,000
Continues current law with amendment
Retains the payment limit of $125,000
maximum amount of payments per year
per year for all covered commodities
to add a definition for a “significant
per year for all covered commodities
to a person or legal entity from PLC and (with a separate limit for peanuts) to a
contribution of active personal
(with a separate limit for peanuts) to a
ARC payments, marketing loan gains,
person or legal entity but applies it only
management” (see below).
person or legal entity but applies it only
and LDPs for the sum of all covered
to the sum of PLC and ARC payments.
to the sum of PLC and ARC payments.
commodities, except peanuts, at
(§1603(a)(2))
Marketing assistance loan benefits are
$125,000. Any benefits arising from
Any benefits arising from marketing loan
excluded from payment limits.
forfeiture of crops held under marketing gains, LDPs, and forfeiture of crops held
(§1703(a)(2))
assistance loans is not subject to a
under marketing assistance loans are not
Amends the definition of family member
payment limit. Peanuts has a separate
subject to a payment limit.
(see below) (§1703(a)(1)(B))
payment limit of $125,000 for those
(§1603(a)(3))
same programs. (7 U.S.C. 1308(a)-
Amends current law to require the
(d))
Amends the definition of family member
Secretary to apply reductions in PLC or
(see below) (§1603(a)(1)(B)) and adds
ARC payments due to a sequester
Payments made to a legal entity are
qualified pass through entity as a payment
before applying payment limitations.
reduced proportionately by the
recipient subject to specific treatment
(§1603(a)(4))
ownership share of any person or legal
(see below). (§1603(a)(1)(D))
entity that has otherwise exceeded the
As in House provision, all changes made
applicable payment limitation.
The House provision also amends
to payment limits shall apply starting
(7 U.S.C. 1308(e)(3)(B)(iii))
with a qualifying disaster declaration. (§1602)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Payment Limits
|
Payment limitations. Establishes the maximum amount of payments per year to a person or legal entity from PLC and ARC payments, marketing loan gains, and LDPs for the sum of all covered commodities, except peanuts, at $125,000. Any benefits arising from forfeiture of crops held under marketing assistance loans is not subject to a payment limit. Peanuts has a separate payment limit of $125,000 for those same programs. (7 U.S.C. 1308(a)-(d))
Payments made to a legal entity are reduced proportionately by the ownership share of any person or legal entity that has otherwise exceeded the applicable payment limitation. (7 U.S.C. 1308(e)(3)(B)(iii))
|
Retains the payment limit of $125,000 per year for all covered commodities (with a separate limit for peanuts) to a person or legal entity but applies it only to the sum of PLC and ARC payments. (§1603(a)(2))
Any benefits arising from marketing loan gains, LDPs, and forfeiture of crops held under marketing assistance loans are not subject to a payment limit. (§1603(a)(3))
Amends the definition of family member (see below) (§1603(a)(1)(B)) and adds qualified pass through entity as a payment recipient subject to specific treatment (see below). (§1603(a)(1)(D))
The House provision also amends current law to require the Secretary to apply reductions in PLC or ARC payments due to a sequester before applying payment limitations. (§1603(a)(4)
All changes made to payment limits shall apply starting with the 2019 crop year. (§1603(d))
|
Continues current law with amendment to add a definition for a "significant contribution of active personal management" (see below).
|
Retains the payment limit of $125,000 per year for all covered commodities (with a separate limit for peanuts) to a person or legal entity but applies it only to the sum of PLC and ARC payments. Marketing assistance loan benefits are excluded from payment limits. (§1703(a)(2))
Amends the definition of family member (see below) (§1703(a)(1)(B))
Amends current law to require the Secretary to current law to require the Secretary to
with the 2019 crop year. (§1703(b))
apply reductions in PLC or ARC payments due to a sequester before applying payment limitations. (§1603(a)(4) All(§1603(a)(4))
As in House provision, all changes made to payment limits shall apply starting with the 2019 crop year. (§1703(b))
|
No comparable definition.
|
1603(d))
No comparable definition.
No comparable provision.
|
Significant contribution of Active Personal Management. Amends
No comparable provision.
Personal Management. Amends
CRS-80
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
current law to add a definition for a "“significant contribution of active personal management"” to include activities performed by a person with a
direct or indirect ownership interest in the farming operation on a regular, continuous, and substantial basis to the farming operation, and that meet at least one of the followingfol owing to be considered significant: (A) are performed for at least 25% of the total management hours required for the farming operation on an annual basis; or (B) are performed for at least 500 hours annually for the farming operation. (§1704)
Actively engaged in farming (AEF)
No comparable provision.
Amends current law to add specificity
Continues current law; does not adopt
farming operation. (§1704)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Actively engaged in farming (AEF) requirement. To be eligible to receive an ARC or PLC payment or MAL benefit, a person or legal entity shall be actively engaged in farming with respect to a farming operation according to the following criteria.
A person (including a partner in a general partnership or joint venture, a To be eligible to receive
on the requirement for “actively
the Senate amendment.
an ARC or PLC payment or MAL
engaged in farming (AEF).”
benefit, a person or legal entity shall be
(A) USDA shall consider not more than
actively engaged in farming with respect
1 person or legal entity per farming
to a farming operation according to the
operation to be AEF using active
fol owing criteria.
personal management.
A person (including a partner in a
(B) USDA may only consider a person
general partnership or joint venture, a
or legal entity to be AEF using active
grantor of a revocable trust, or a
personal management under
grantor of a revocable trust, or a participant in a similar entity) shall be
subparagraph (A) if the person or legal
considered AEF if: (1) the person makes
entity—
a significant contribution of (A) capital, equipment, or land; and (B) personal
(i) together with other persons or legal
labor or active personal management;
entities in the farming operation
(2) the person's share of the profits or
qualifying as AEF under current law,
losses from the farming operation is
does not col ectively receive, directly or
commensurate with contributions to the
indirectly, an amount equal to more
farming operation; and (3) the person’s
than the allowable payment limit;
contributions are at risk.
(i ) does not use the active management
A legal entity that is a corporation, joint
contribution allowed under this section
stock company, association, limited
CRS-81
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
partnership, charitable organization, or
to qualify as AEF in more than 1 farming
other similar entity shall be considered
operation; and
as AEF if: (i) the legal entity separately
(i i) manages a farming operation that
makes a significant contribution of
does not substantially share equipment,
capital, equipment, or land; (i ) the
labor, or management with persons or
stockholders or members col ectively
legal entities that, together with the
make a significant contribution of
person or legal entity, col ectively
personal labor or active personal
receive, directly or indirectly, an amount
management to the operation; and (ii )
equal to more than the allowable
the standards (2) and (3) above for a
equipment, or land; and (B) personal labor or active personal management; (2) the person's share of the profits or losses from the farming operation is commensurate with contributions to the farming operation; and (3) the person's contributions are at risk.
A legal entity that is a corporation, joint stock company, association, limited partnership, charitable organization, or other similar entity shall be considered as AEF if: (i) the legal entity separately makes a significant contribution of capital, equipment, or land; (ii) the stockholders or members collectively make a significant contribution of personal labor or active personal management to the operation; and (iii) the standards (2) and (3) above for a person are met by the legal entity.
(7 U.S.C. 1308-1(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends current law to add specificity on the requirement for "actively engaged in farming (AEF)."
(A) USDA shall consider not more than 1 person or legal entity per farming operation to be AEF using active personal management.
(B) USDA may only consider a person or legal entity to be AEF using active personal management under subparagraph (A) if the person or legal entity—
(i) together with other persons or legal entities in the farming operation qualifying as AEF under current law, does not collectively receive, directly or indirectly, an amount equal to more than the allowable payment limit;
(ii) does not use the active management contribution allowed under this section to qualify as AEF in more than 1 farming operation; and
(iii) manages a farming operation that does not substantially share equipment, labor, or management with persons or legal entities that, together with the person or legal entity, collectively receive, directly or indirectly, an amount equal to more than the allowable payment limit. (§1705)
|
Continues current law; does not adopt the Senate amendment.
|
Family member. A person to whom a member in the farming operation is related as lineal ancestor, lineal descendant, sibling, spouse, or otherwise by marriage. (7 U.S.C. 1308(a)(2))
|
Revises the definition of family member to include first cousins, nieces, and nephews. (§1603(a)(1)(B))
|
Continues current law.
|
Identical to House provision. (§1703(a)(1)(B))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Defines a qualified pass-through (§1705)
person are met by the legal entity.
(7 U.S.C. 1308-1(b))
Family member. A person to whom a Revises the definition of family member
Continues current law.
Identical to House provision.
member in the farming operation is
to include first cousins, nieces, and
(§1703(a)(1)(B))
related as lineal ancestor, lineal
nephews. (§1603(a)(1)(B))
descendant, sibling, spouse, or otherwise by marriage. (7 U.S.C. 1308(a)(2))
No comparable provision.
Defines a qualified pass-through
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
entity (QPTE). Based on the Internal Revenue Code definition (subchapter K, chapter 1), QPTE includes partnerships, limited liability companies (LLCs), S S corporations, and joint ventures. (§1603(a)(1)(D))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Treatment of joint ventures and partnerships. Payment limit for joint ventures and general partnerships equals
Treatment of joint ventures and
Treatment of QPTE. The payment
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
partnerships. Payment limit for joint
limit for joint ventures and partnerships
ventures and general partnerships equals is replaced with a broader payment limit the payment limit for a person or legal
for QPTEs that encompasses joint
the payment limit for a person or legal entity of $125,000 times the number of eligible persons or legal entities that comprise the businesses ownership. (7 U.S.C. 1308(e)(3)(B)(ii))
|
Treatment of QPTE. The payment limit for joint ventures and partnerships is replaced with a broader payment limit for QPTEs that encompasses joint ventures, partnerships, limited liability companies, and S corporations. The payment limit equals the individual
ventures, partnerships, limited liability
eligible persons or legal entities that
companies, and S corporations. The
comprise the businesses ownership.
payment limit equals the individual
(7 U.S.C. 1308(e)(3)(B)(ii))
payment limit times the number of eligible persons or legal entities that comprise the QTPE. Thus, the payment passes through the QTPE and is
CRS-82
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
attributed to its owners (either individuals or entities) depending on where taxable revenue is recognized. (§1603(b))
Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) Limitation.
AGI limitation. Prohibits farm
Amends AGI limitation to no longer
Amends current law to lower the AGI
Continues current AGI limitation
commodity program benefits (including
apply to any benefits under the MAL
threshold to $700,000. (§1706)
subject to the two amendments.
benefits under PLC, ARC, MAL,
program (§1604(a)).
Provides authority to Secretary to waive
agricultural disaster assistance, or
Exempts QPTEs from the AGI
AGI limitation, on case-by-case basis, to
conservation programs) to an individual
limitation. (§1604(b))
protect environmentally sensitive land of
or entity if AGI exceeds $900,000. The
special significance. (§1704 (a)(2))
AGI limit is calculated as the average
Provides authority to Secretary to waive
AGI or comparable measure of the
AGI limitation, on case-by-case basis, to
Applies the §1704 changes starting with
person or legal entity over the three
protect environmentally sensitive land of
the 2018 crop, fiscal, or program year as
taxable years prior to the most
special significance. (§1604 (b)(1)(B)
appropriate. (§1704(c))
immediately complete taxable year.
Applies §1604(a-b) changes starting
(7 U.S.C. 1308-3a)
where taxable revenue is recognized. (§1603(b))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) Limitation.
|
AGI limitation. Prohibits farm commodity program benefits (including benefits under PLC, ARC, MAL, agricultural disaster assistance, or conservation programs) to an individual or entity if AGI exceeds $900,000. The AGI limit is calculated as the average AGI or comparable measure of the person or legal entity over the three taxable years prior to the most immediately complete taxable year. (7 U.S.C. 1308-3a)
|
Amends AGI limitation to no longer apply to any benefits under the MAL program (§1604(a)).
Exempts QPTEs from the AGI limitation. (§1604(b))
Provides authority to Secretary to waive AGI limitation, on case-by-case basis, to protect environmentally sensitive land of special significance. (§1604 (b)(1)(B)
Applies §1604(a-b) changes starting with the 2018 crop, fiscal, or program year as appropriate. (§1604(c))
|
Amends current law to lower the AGI threshold to $700,000. (§1706)
|
Continues current AGI limitation subject to the two amendments.
Provides authority to Secretary to waive AGI limitation, on case-by-case basis, to protect environmentally sensitive land of special significance. (§1704 (a)(2))
Applies the §1704 changes starting with the 2018 crop, fiscal, or program year as appropriate. (§17041604(c))
Administrative Programs
General administration. The
Continues these provisions as current
Amends current law for expedited
Identical to Senate provision. (§1701)
Secretary may use the funds and
law, noting that promulgation of
rulemaking to extend the authority to
facilities of the CCC to carry out this
implementing regulations shall occur not include title I of the 2018 farm bil , and
title (7 U.S.C. 9091(a)). Provides that
later than 90 days after enactment.
the amendments made by this title.
a determination made by the Secretary
(§1601(a,b,c))
(§1701)
(c))
|
Administrative Programs
|
General administration. The Secretary may use the funds and facilities of the CCC to carry out this title (7 U.S.C. 9091(a)). Provides that a determination made by the Secretary under this title shall be final and conclusive (7 U.S.C. 9091(b)). Provides for an expedited implementation of this title: Not later than 90 days after February 7, 2014, USDA and the CCC shall promulgate such regulations as necessary. (7 U.S.C. 9091(c))
Adjustment authority to comply
Same as current law. (§1601(d))
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
with trade agreements. Provides the Secretary authority to adjust
CRS-83
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
9091(c)).
|
Continues these provisions as current law, noting that promulgation of implementing regulations shall occur not later than 90 days after enactment. (§1601(a,b,c))
|
Amends current law for expedited rulemaking to extend the authority to include title I of the 2018 farm bill, and the amendments made by this title. (§1701)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§1701)
|
Adjustment authority to comply with trade agreements. Provides the Secretary authority to adjust expenditures under this title to ensure that the United States remains in compliance with domestic support levels allowed under the World Trade Organization. (7 U.S.C. 9091(d))
Suspension of permanent price
Extends the suspension of permanent
Extends the suspension of permanent
Identical to the Senate provision.
support authority. Suspends the
price authority in the Agriculture
price authority in the Agriculture
(§1702)
permanent price support authority of
Marketing Adjustment Act of 1938 and
Marketing Adjustment Act of 1938 and
the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 the Agricultural Act of 1949 for the
the Agricultural Act of 1949 through
and the Agricultural Adjustment Act of
2019-2023 crop years; adds eleven new
December 31, 2023. (§1702)
1949 for the 2014-2018 crop years
commodities—covered commodities,
(covered commodities, cotton, and
cotton, sugar, and milk—for price
sugar) and for milk through December
support under the 1949 Act were it to
31, 2018. (7 U.S.C. 9092)
become effective. (§1602)
Prevention of deceased individuals
Same as current law. (§1605)
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
9091(d))
|
Same as current law. (§1601(d))
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Suspension of permanent price support authority. Suspends the permanent price support authority of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 and the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1949 for the 2014-2018 crop years (covered commodities, cotton, and sugar) and for milk through December 31, 2018. (7 U.S.C. 9092)
|
Extends the suspension of permanent price authority in the Agriculture Marketing Adjustment Act of 1938 and the Agricultural Act of 1949 for the 2019-2023 crop years; adds eleven new commodities—covered commodities, cotton, sugar, and milk—for price support under the 1949 Act were it to become effective. (§1602)
|
Extends the suspension of permanent price authority in the Agriculture Marketing Adjustment Act of 1938 and the Agricultural Act of 1949 through December 31, 2023. (§1702)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§1702)
|
Prevention of deceased individuals receiving payments under farm commodity programs. At least twice each year, the secretary shall reconcile Social Security numbers of all individuals who receive payments under this chapter, whether directly or indirectly, with the commissioner of Social Security to determine if the individuals are alive. The Secretary shall preclude the issuance of payments to, and on behalf of, deceased individuals that were not eligible for payments. (7 U.S.C. 9003)
|
Same as current law. (§1605)
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Assignment of payments. Provides 9003)
Assignment of payments. Provides
Same as current law. (§1606)
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
the authority for a producer who receives a payment under this title to assign the payment to someone else after proper notice to the Secretary. (7 U.S.C. 9003)
Tracking of benefits. Authorizes the
Same as current law. (§1607)
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
Secretary to track the benefits provided
CRS-84
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
U.S.C. 9003)
|
Same as current law. (§1606)
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Tracking of benefits. Authorizes the Secretary to track the benefits provided to individuals getting payments under Titles I and II programs. (7 U.S.C. 9003)
Signature authority. In carrying out a
Same as current law but with the
Continues current law.
Continues current law.
Title I or II program, if the Secretary
addition of a QPTE to the list of
approves a document, then the
potential represented groups. (§1608)
9003)
|
Same as current law. (§1607)
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Signature authority. In carrying out a Title I or II program, if the Secretary approves a document, then the Secretary may not subsequently (or retroactively) determine that the document is inadequate or invalid due to the lack of authority of any person signing on behalf of another individual, entity, general partnership, or joint venture unless the person knowingly and wil ful yand willfully falsified the signature. (7 U.S.C. 9003)
Personal liability of producers for
Extends current law to include the
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
deficiencies. No producer shall be
provisions of this bil . (§1609)
U.S.C. 9003)
|
Same as current law but with the addition of a QPTE to the list of potential represented groups. (§1608)
|
Continues current law.
|
Continues current law.
|
Personal liability of producers for deficiencies. No producer shall be personally liable for any deficiency arising from the sale of the collateral col ateral securing any nonrecourse loan unless the loan was obtained through a fraudulent representation by the producer. However, USDA may require a producer to assume liability for a deficiency in the grade, quality, or quantity of a commodity stored on a farm or delivered by the producer; failure to properly care for and preserve a commodity; or failure or refusal to deliver a commodity in accordance with a program. (7 U.S.C. 7284)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Base acres review and report.
No comparable provision; does not
USDA shall review the establishment,
adopt the Senate proposed amendment.
7284)
|
Extends current law to include the provisions of this bill. (§1609)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Base acres review and report. USDA shall review the establishment, calculation, reallocation, adjustment, and reduction of base acres specified under current law. (7 U.S.C. 9011 et seq.).
CRS-85
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment, USDA shall submit a report describing the results of the base acre review to the House and Senate Agriculture Committees. (§1707)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Agriculture Committees. (§1707)
|
No comparable provision; does not adopt the Senate proposed amendment.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Farm Service Agency (FSA) Farm Service Agency (FSA)
Similar to the Senate provision but
accountability. (a) Not later than one year from enactment, USDA shall establish policies, procedures, and plans to improve accountability and integrity through targeted and coordinated activities, including data mining to
amends (b) as fol ows. Not later than 3
year from enactment, USDA shall
years after enactment, USDA shal
establish policies, procedures, and plans
submit a report to the House and
to improve accountability and integrity
Senate Agriculture Committees
through targeted and coordinated
describing efforts to achieve the goals
activities, including data mining to
cited in (a). (§1705(b))
identify and reduce errors, waste, fraud, and abuse in FSA programs.
(b) Not later than 2 years after enactment, and annually thereafter through 2023, USDA shall submit a report to the House and Senate Agriculture Committees describing efforts: to improve FSA accountability; identified weaknesses; related data sampling and mining efforts; errors, waste, fraud, or abuse; and any plan of action or recommended legislative changes. (§1708)
Implementation. Requires the
Same as current law for all provisions
Continues current implementation law
Adopts the House provisions with the
Secretary to maintain base acres and
except:
with the fol owing exceptions.
fol owing amendments:
payment yields for each covered
No agent, approved insurance provider
Amends current law to update
Crop insurance agents and AIPs are
commodity. (7 U.S.C. 9097(a))
(AIP), or employee or contractor of an
requirements of ACRSI to make
allowed access to records held by FSA
Requires the Secretary to continue to
agency or AIP, bears responsibility or
available more detailed USDA data
necessary for effective crop insurance
streamline administrative burdens and
liability under ACRSI for the eligibility of
across agencies and accessible via a
program delivery. (§1706(b))
costs including through the Acreage
a producer for programs administered
single Department-wide login.
USDA shall continue to improve
Crop Reporting and Streamlining
by USDA that are not policies or plans
(§1703(1))
coordination and data sharing efforts
Initiative (ACRSI); to improve
of insurance offered under the Federal
Amends current law to require that any
with the Natural Resources
coordination, information sharing, and
Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1501 et.
USDA payment obligations—that have
Conservation Service (NRCS), FSA, and
administrative work within USDA; and
seq.) except in cases of fraud,
not been disbursed or liquidated, and
CRS-86
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
to use new technologies to enhance
misrepresentation, or scheme and
remain outstanding five years after the
the Risk Management Agency (RMA).
efficiency and effectiveness of program
device (§1610(b)(1)(C));
date on which the payment was
(§1706(b))
delivery. (7 U.S.C. 9097(b))
Producers may remotely and
obligated or made available—shall be
By September 30, 2020, RMA and FSA
The Secretary shall make $100 mil ion
electronically sign annual contracts for
de-obligated and revert to the Treasury. shall implement a consistent method for
available to implement this title.
ARC and PLC (§1610(b)(4));
The Secretary may delay the date of de-
determining farm and crop acreage,
Additional funds are made available
obligation. (§1703(2))
The Secretary is required to make $25
yields, property descriptions, and other
upon notification to House and Senate
mil ion available to implement this title
common informational requirements,
Agriculture Committees of significant
(§1610(c)); and
including measures of common land
progress by September 20, 2014 ($10
units. (§1706(b))
mil ion) and ful implementation by
USDA shall use CCC funds to ensure
Producers may remotely and
September 30, 2015 ($10 mil ion). Also
that PLC and ARC payments are ful y
electronically sign annual contracts for
$3 mil ion is available for state extension made prior to enforcing in any year
ARC and PLC, and producers have the
services to educate farmers and
where discretionary spending limits are
option to sign a multi-year contract for
ranchers of their options under this title enforced via sequestration or other
the ARC and PLC programs.
and $3 mil ion to support qualified
budgetary means. (§1603(a)(4))
(§1706(b))
universities to develop and train producers on web-based decision aids.
Reduces the mandatory funding available
(7 U.S.C. 9097(c))
to the FSA for implementation to $15.5 mil ion. (§1706(c))
USDA shall use CCC funds to ensure that the MAL program and benefits are
Any USDA payment obligations that
ful y functional in any year that
have not been disbursed or liquidated
discretionary spending limits are
and remain outstanding five years after
enforced via sequestration or other
the date on which the payment was
means. (7 U.S.C. 9097(d))
changes. (§1708)
|
Similar to the Senate provision but amends (b) as follows. Not later than 3 years after enactment, USDA shall submit a report to the House and Senate Agriculture Committees describing efforts to achieve the goals cited in (a). (§1705(b))
|
Implementation. Requires the Secretary to maintain base acres and payment yields for each covered commodity. (7 U.S.C. 9097(a))
Requires the Secretary to continue to streamline administrative burdens and costs including through the Acreage Crop Reporting and Streamlining Initiative (ACRSI); to improve coordination, information sharing, and administrative work within USDA; and to use new technologies to enhance efficiency and effectiveness of program delivery. (7 U.S.C. 9097(b))
The Secretary shall make $100 million available to implement this title. Additional funds are made available upon notification to House and Senate Agriculture Committees of significant progress by September 20, 2014 ($10 million) and full implementation by September 30, 2015 ($10 million). Also $3 million is available for state extension services to educate farmers and ranchers of their options under this title and $3 million to support qualified universities to develop and train producers on web-based decision aids. (7 U.S.C. 9097(c)).
USDA shall use CCC funds to ensure that the MAL program and benefits are fully functional in any year that discretionary spending limits are enforced via sequestration or other means. (7 U.S.C. 9097(d))
|
Same as current law for all provisions except:
No agent, approved insurance provider (AIP), or employee or contractor of an agency or AIP, bears responsibility or liability under ACRSI for the eligibility of a producer for programs administered by USDA that are not policies or plans of insurance offered under the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1501 et. seq.) except in cases of fraud, misrepresentation, or scheme and device (§1610(b)(1)(C));
Producers may remotely and electronically sign annual contracts for ARC and PLC (§1610(b)(4));
The Secretary is required to make $25 million available to implement this title (§1610(c)); and
USDA shall use CCC funds to ensure that PLC and ARC payments are fully made prior to enforcing in any year where discretionary spending limits are enforced via sequestration or other budgetary means. (§1603(a)(4))
|
Continues current implementation law with the following exceptions.
Amends current law to update requirements of ACRSI to make available more detailed USDA data across agencies and accessible via a single Department-wide login. (§1703(1))
Amends current law to require that any USDA payment obligations—that have not been disbursed or liquidated, and remain outstanding five years after the date on which the payment was obligated or made available—shall be de-obligated and revert to the Treasury. The Secretary may delay the date of de-obligation. (§1703(2))
|
Adopts the House provisions with the following amendments:
Crop insurance agents and AIPs are allowed access to records held by FSA necessary for effective crop insurance program delivery. (§1706(b))
USDA shall continue to improve coordination and data sharing efforts with the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), FSA, and the Risk Management Agency (RMA). (§1706(b))
By September 30, 2020, RMA and FSA shall implement a consistent method for determining farm and crop acreage, yields, property descriptions, and other common informational requirements, including measures of common land units. (§1706(b))
Producers may remotely and electronically sign annual contracts for ARC and PLC, and producers have the option to sign a multi-year contract for the ARC and PLC programs. (§1706(b))
Reduces the mandatory funding available to the FSA for implementation to $15.5 million. (§1706(c))
Any USDA payment obligations that have not been disbursed or liquidated and remain outstanding five years after the date on which the payment was obligated or made available shall be de-obligated and revert to the Treasury. The Secretary may delay the date of de-obligation. (§1706(e))
Not later than January 1, 2020, and each January 1 thereafter through January 1, 2023, USDA shall submit a report on tilledtil ed native sod that was subject to benefit reductions under crop insurance or NAP. (§1706(f))
Exemption from certain reporting
Expands the federal grant financial
Similar to House provision. Retains the
Similar to House provision with
requirements for certain
reporting requirement exemption for
provision in the conservation title, but
amendments. Further defines exempted
producers. Section 1244(m) of the
NRCS conservation programs to all
expands the exemption to all USDA
producer as an eligible entity that
Food Security Act of 1985, as amended
commodity, indemnity, and conservation commodity and conservation programs
participates in a farm bil conservation
CRS-87
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
by Section 766 of the Consolidated
programs administered by the Farm
administered by the Farm Service
program, an indemnity or disease
Appropriations Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-
Service Agency, the Animal and Plant
Agency and the NRCS. (§2305(d))
control program, or a Title I commodity
124), stipulates that select federal grant
Health Inspection Service (APHIS), and
program (excluding cotton)
financial reporting requirements for
the NRCS. (§1611)
administered by NRCS, the Animal and
producers (defined as producers and
Plant Health Inspection Service, and
landowners eligible to participate in any
FSA. (§1707)
USDA conservation program) should not apply to Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) conservation programs. (16 U.S.C. 3844(m))
CRS-88
Table 6. Conservation
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
or NAP. (§1706(f))
|
Exemption from certain reporting requirements for certain producers. Section 1244(m) of the Food Security Act of 1985, as amended by Section 766 of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-124), stipulates that select federal grant financial reporting requirements for producers (defined as producers and landowners eligible to participate in any USDA conservation program) should not apply to Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) conservation programs. (16 U.S.C. 3844(m))
|
Expands the federal grant financial reporting requirement exemption for NRCS conservation programs to all commodity, indemnity, and conservation programs administered by the Farm Service Agency, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), and the NRCS. (§1611)
|
Similar to House provision. Retains the provision in the conservation title, but expands the exemption to all USDA commodity and conservation programs administered by the Farm Service Agency and the NRCS. (§2305(d))
|
Similar to House provision with amendments. Further defines exempted producer as an eligible entity that participates in a farm bill conservation program, an indemnity or disease control program, or a Title I commodity program (excluding cotton) administered by NRCS, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, and FSA. (§1707)
|
Prior Law/Policy
|
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
(H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Wetland Conservation
Program ineligibility. The wetland
Requires the Secretary to consider all
Requires that a producer cannot be
Identical to Senate provision. (§2101)
conservation or “swampbuster” provision
possible exemptions before denying
denied program benefits if an
denies various USDA program benefits to
program benefits to producers found to
exemption applies to that producer.
producers who plant program crops on
be out of compliance. (§2101)
(§2412)
P.L. 115-334)
|
Wetland Conservation
|
Program ineligibility. The wetland conservation or "swampbuster" provision denies various USDA program benefits to producers who plant program crops on wetlands converted after December 23, 1985, or who convert wetlands, making agricultural commodity production possible, after November 28, 1990. For a producer to be found out of compliance, crop production does not actually have to occur; production only needs to be made possible through activities such as draining, dredging, fillingfil ing, or leveling the wetland. Exemptions for compliance violators may be granted followingfol owing a review. (16 U.S.C. 3821 et seq.)
On-site inspection requirement. The
No comparable provision.
Requires that the on-site inspection be Similar to Senate provision with
Secretary is required to conduct an on-site
conducted in the presence of the
amendments. Amends the exception
visit before program benefits may be
affected person, as long as that person
to allow for an on-site visit if a
withheld for noncompliance. (16 U.S.C.
makes themselves available for the on-
reasonable effort was made to include
3821(c))
site visit. (§2401)
the affected person. (§2102)
Wetland mitigation banking
Provides the wetland mitigation banking
Similar to House provision but
Identical to Senate provision. (§2103)
program. One option violators of
program with an additional $10 mil ion
authorizes no additional mandatory
wetland conservation have to mitigate the
in mandatory funding authority for
funding. Authorizes the appropriation
violation is through wetland mitigation
FY2019 and authorizes the appropriation of $5 mil ion for each of FY2019
banking. Wetland mitigation banking is a
of $5 mil ion for each of FY2019 through through FY2023. (§2413(b))
type of wetlands mitigation whereby a
FY2023. (§2102(b))
3821 et seq.)
|
Requires the Secretary to consider all possible exemptions before denying program benefits to producers found to be out of compliance. (§2101)
|
Requires that a producer cannot be denied program benefits if an exemption applies to that producer. (§2412)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§2101)
|
On-site inspection requirement. The Secretary is required to conduct an on-site visit before program benefits may be withheld for noncompliance. (16 U.S.C. 3821(c))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires that the on-site inspection be conducted in the presence of the affected person, as long as that person makes themselves available for the on-site visit. (§2401)
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Amends the exception to allow for an on-site visit if a reasonable effort was made to include the affected person. (§2102)
|
Wetland mitigation banking program. One option violators of wetland conservation have to mitigate the violation is through wetland mitigation banking. Wetland mitigation banking is a type of wetlands mitigation whereby a wetland is created, enhanced, or restored, and “credit”and "credit" for those efforts is sold to others as compensation for the loss of impacted wetlands elsewhere. The 2014 farm bill bil created a permanent wetland mitigation banking program exclusively for
CRS-89
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
farmers to comply with swampbuster. The program has a onetime authorization for $10 mil ion$10 million in mandatory funding. (16 U.S.C. 3822(k))
Minimal effect. The Secretary is required Requires that categorical minimal effect
Similar to the House provision but
No comparable provision.
to exempt producers that are found in
exemptions be published no later than
adds requirements for the categorical
violation of the wetland conservation
180 days after the date of enactment.
minimal effects exemptions to be (1)
requirements if the action is determined to (§2102(a))
in compliance with applicable federal
have a “minimal effect” on the functional
environmental laws (including the
hydrological and biological value of the
National Environmental Policy Act of
wetland area, including wildlife. USDA has
1969); (2) in accordance with existing
identified categorical minimal effect
minimal effect determination and
exemptions for activities that are routinely
categorical minimal effect exemption
determined to have a minimal effect on
regulations (as issued before the date
wetland functions. (16 U.S.C. 3822(d))
U.S.C. 3822(k))
|
Provides the wetland mitigation banking program with an additional $10 million in mandatory funding authority for FY2019 and authorizes the appropriation of $5 million for each of FY2019 through FY2023. (§2102(b))
|
Similar to House provision but authorizes no additional mandatory funding. Authorizes the appropriation of $5 million for each of FY2019 through FY2023. (§2413(b))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§2103)
|
Minimal effect. The Secretary is required to exempt producers that are found in violation of the wetland conservation requirements if the action is determined to have a "minimal effect" on the functional hydrological and biological value of the wetland area, including wildlife. USDA has identified categorical minimal effect exemptions for activities that are routinely determined to have a minimal effect on wetland functions. (16 U.S.C. 3822(d))
|
Requires that categorical minimal effect exemptions be published no later than 180 days after the date of enactment. (§2102(a))
|
Similar to the House provision but adds requirements for the categorical minimal effects exemptions to be (1) in compliance with applicable federal environmental laws (including the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969); (2) in accordance with existing minimal effect determination and categorical minimal effect exemption regulations (as issued before the date of enactment); and (3) in consultation with select federal, state, and local agencies, and interested organizations. (§2413(a))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
|
Authority. CRP is authorized through FY2018 to provide annual rental payments
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
Authority. CRP is authorized through
Reauthorizes CRP through FY2023.
Identical to House provision.
Identical to House and Senate
FY2018 to provide annual rental payments
(§2201(a))
(§2101(1))
provisions. (§2201(a))
to producers to replace crops on highly erodible and environmentally sensitive land with long-term resource conserving plantings. (16 U.S.C. 3831(a))
|
Reauthorizes CRP through FY2023. (§2201(a))
|
Identical to House provision. (§2101(1))
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§2201(a))
|
Eligible land. Highly erodible land is considered eligible for enrollment in CRP if (1) untreated could substantially reduce the land's future agricultural production capability or (2) it cannot be farmed in accordance with a conservation plan; and has a cropping history or was considered to be planted for four of the six years preceding February 7, 2014 (except for land previously enrolled
Eligible land. Highly erodible land is
No comparable provision.
Amends the enrol ment eligibility for
Similar to Senate provision with
considered eligible for enrol ment in CRP if
highly erodible land to include both
amendments. Does not require both
(1) untreated could substantially reduce
conditions (1) and (2) under current
conditions. Extends the six-year
the land’s future agricultural production
law. Extends the six-year cropping
cropping history to include land
capability or (2) it cannot be farmed in
history to include land planted for
planted for four of the six years
accordance with a conservation plan; and
four of the six years preceding
preceding enactment of the bil . Adds
has a cropping history or was considered
enactment of the bil . (§2101(2))
land that would have a positive impact
to be planted for four of the six years
on water quality if enrol ed and other
preceding February 7, 2014 (except for
expired CRP land. (§2201(b))
land previously enrol ed in CRP). Eligible
CRS-90
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
in CRP). Eligible land also includes marginal pastureland, grasslands, cropland, and land devoted to buffer or filterstrips. (16 U.S.C. 3831(b))
Maximum enrollment. CRP is
Increases enrol ment limits to 25 mil ion
Increases enrol ment limit to 25
Similar to House and Senate
authorized to enrol up to 27.5 mil ion
acres in FY2019, 26 mil ion acres in
mil ion acres in FY2019 through
provisions with amendments.
acres in FY2014, 26 mil ion acres in
FY2020, 27 mil ion acres in FY2021, 28
FY2023. (§2101(3)(A))
Increases enrol ment limit to 24
FY2015, 25 mil ion acres in FY2016, and 24 mil ion acres in FY2022, and 29 mil ion
mil ion acres in FY2019, 24.5 mil ion
mil ion acres in both FY2017 and FY2018.
acres in FY2023. (§2201(b)(1))
acres in FY2020, 25 mil ion acres in
(16 U.S.C. 3831(d)(1))
FY2021, 25.5 mil ionbuffer or filterstrips. (16 U.S.C. 3831(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends the enrollment eligibility for highly erodible land to include both conditions (1) and (2) under current law. Extends the six-year cropping history to include land planted for four of the six years preceding enactment of the bill. (§2101(2))
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Does not require both conditions. Extends the six-year cropping history to include land planted for four of the six years preceding enactment of the bill. Adds land that would have a positive impact on water quality if enrolled and other expired CRP land. (§2201(b))
|
Maximum enrollment. CRP is authorized to enroll up to 27.5 million acres in FY2014, 26 million acres in FY2015, 25 million acres in FY2016, and 24 million acres in both FY2017 and FY2018. (16 U.S.C. 3831(d)(1))
|
Increases enrollment limits to 25 million acres in FY2019, 26 million acres in FY2020, 27 million acres in FY2021, 28 million acres in FY2022, and 29 million acres in FY2023. (§2201(b)(1))
|
Increases enrollment limit to 25 million acres in FY2019 through FY2023. (§2101(3)(A))
|
Similar to House and Senate provisions with amendments. Increases enrollment limit to 24 million acres in FY2019, 24.5 million acres in FY2020, 25 million acres in FY2021, 25.5 million acres in FY2022, and 27 millionmil ion acres in FY2023. (§2201(c)(1))
|
Grasslands enrollment. CRP grassland
Creates a minimum CRP grassland
Reauthorizes CRP grassland
Similar to House and Senate
enrol ment is capped at 2 mil ion acres
enrol ment level of 3 mil ion acres by the enrol ment at 2 mil ion acres through
provisions with amendments. Creates
between FY2014 and FY2018. Priority is
end of FY2023. Incrementally increases
FY2023. Requires CRP grassland
a minimum CRP grassland enrol ment
given to expiring CRP contracts and
the enrol ment of grassland acres to 1
enrol ment to prioritize expiring CRP
of 2 mil ion acres by the end of
enrol ment is continuous. (16 U.S.C.
mil ion acres in FY2019, 1.5 mil ion acres land, land at risk of development, or
FY2021. Incrementally increases the
3831(d)(2))
in FY2020, 2 mil ion acres in FY2021, 2.5
land of ecological significance.
minimum enrol ment of grassland
mil ion acres in FY2022, and 3 mil ion
(§2101(3)(B))
acres to 1 mil ion acres in FY2019, 1.5
acres in FY2023. If USDA cannot enrol
mil ion acres in FY2020, and 2 mil ion
grassland acres according to the defined
acres in FY2021-FY2023. Allows CRP
schedule, the unenrol ed acres may not
grassland enrol ment to prioritize
be used to enrol other eligible land into
expiring CRP land, land at risk of
the program. (§2201(b)(2))
Grasslands enrollment. CRP grassland enrollment is capped at 2 million acres between FY2014 and FY2018. Priority is given to expiring CRP contracts and enrollment is continuous. (16 U.S.C. 3831(d)(2))
|
Creates a minimum CRP grassland enrollment level of 3 million acres by the end of FY2023. Incrementally increases the enrollment of grassland acres to 1 million acres in FY2019, 1.5 million acres in FY2020, 2 million acres in FY2021, 2.5 million acres in FY2022, and 3 million acres in FY2023. If USDA cannot enroll grassland acres according to the defined schedule, the unenrolled acres may not be used to enroll other eligible land into the program. (§2201(b)(2))
|
Reauthorizes CRP grassland enrollment at 2 million acres through FY2023. Requires CRP grassland enrollment to prioritize expiring CRP land, land at risk of development, or land of ecological significance. (§2101(3)(B))
|
Similar to House and Senate provisions with amendments. Creates a minimum CRP grassland enrollment of 2 million acres by the end of FY2021. Incrementally increases the minimum enrollment of grassland acres to 1 million acres in FY2019, 1.5 million acres in FY2020, and 2 million acres in FY2021-FY2023. Allows CRP grassland enrollment to prioritize expiring CRP land, land at risk of development, or land of ecological significance. EnrollmentEnrol ment is required on an annual basis. Includes the limit on using unenrolledunenrol ed grassland acres for other types of enrollmentenrol ment. (§2201(c)(2))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Enrollment of water quality
Similar to Senate provision with
practices. Requires offers that would
amendments. Creates a water quality
have a positive impact on water
incentive, referred to as Clean Lakes,
quality and would be devoted to select Estuaries, and Rivers (CLEAR) water quality improving practices to
initiative. Gives priority under
be given priority enrol ment under
continuous enrol ment to land that
continuous sign-up. Not less than 40%
would reduce sediment and nutrient
of total CRP continuous sign-up acres
loading and harmful algal blooms.
CRS-91
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
must be enrol ed under this priority.
Limits the 40% carve-out for this
When establishing the water quality
initiative to nongrassland contracts.
priority, USDA is required to consider Includes monthly report requirements. watersheds impacted by sediment and
(§2201(c)(3))
nutrient loading, and where enrol ment. (§2201(c)(2))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Enrollment of water quality practices. Requires offers that would have a positive impact on water quality and would be devoted to select water quality improving practices to be given priority enrollment under continuous sign-up. Not less than 40% of total CRP continuous sign-up acres must be enrolled under this priority. When establishing the water quality priority, USDA is required to consider watersheds impacted by sediment and nutrient loading, and where enrollment would reduce harmful algal blooms. A monthly and annual report is required. (§2101(3)(C))
No comparable provision. CRP acres are
Minimum enrollment by state.
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision with
enrol ed based on the relative
Requires a minimum enrol ment rate per
amendments. Limits allocations based
environmental benefits of the land offered. state based on historical enrol ment.
on historical enrol ment to 60% of
Enrol ment rates must consider the
available acres. (§2201(c)(3))
average total number of acres enrol ed is required. (§2101(3)(C))
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Creates a water quality incentive, referred to as Clean Lakes, Estuaries, and Rivers (CLEAR) initiative. Gives priority under continuous enrollment to land that would reduce sediment and nutrient loading and harmful algal blooms. Limits the 40% carve-out for this initiative to nongrassland contracts. Includes monthly report requirements. (§2201(c)(3))
|
No comparable provision. CRP acres are enrolled based on the relative environmental benefits of the land offered.
|
Minimum enrollment by state. Requires a minimum enrollment rate per state based on historical enrollment. Enrollment rates must consider the average total number of acres enrolled in each state during FY2007 through FY2016, average number of acres enrolledenrol ed in CRP during FY2007 through FY2016, and the acres available for enrollmentenrol ment for FY2019 through FY2023. Also requires that a general sign-up be held every year. (§2201(b)(3))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision with amendments. Limits allocations based on historical enrollment to 60% of available acres. (§2201(c)(3))
|
No comparable provision. There are two types of enrollment into CRP: general sign-up and continuous sign-up. A general sign-up is a specific period of time during which USDA accepts offers and competitively enrolls acres. Land offered under continuous sign-up may be enrolled at any time and is not subject to competitive bidding. CRP grassland offers are accepted on a continuous basis with periodic ranking periods. All sign-ups are subject to available acres within the authorized limits. (7 C.F.R. 1410.30)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Additional enrollment procedures. Requires CRP grassland and continuous sign-up offers to be accepted on a continuous basis, subject to available acres within the authorized limits. Also requires USDA to enroll CRP land each fiscal year, subject to available acres within the authorized limits. (§2101(3)(C))
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Requires CRP enrollment to be continuous for marginal pastureland, land that would have a positive impact on water quality if enrolled, select cropland, and Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) contracts. Adds minimum enrollment targets for these continuous contracts of not fewer than 8 million acres by FY2019, 8.25 million acres by FY2020, 8.5 million acres by FY2021, and 8.6 million of
No comparable provision. There are two
No comparable provision.
Additional enrollment
Similar to Senate provision with
types of enrol ment into CRP: general sign-
procedures. Requires CRP grassland
amendments. Requires CRP
up and continuous sign-up. A general sign-
and continuous sign-up offers to be
enrol ment to be continuous for
up is a specific period of time during which
accepted on a continuous basis,
marginal pastureland, land that would
USDA accepts offers and competitively
subject to available acres within the
have a positive impact on water
enrol s acres. Land offered under
authorized limits. Also requires USDA
quality if enrol ed, select cropland, and
continuous sign-up may be enrol ed at any
to enrol CRP land each fiscal year,
Conservation Reserve Enhancement
time and is not subject to competitive
subject to available acres within the
Program (CREP) contracts. Adds
bidding. CRP grassland offers are accepted
authorized limits. (§2101(3)(C))
minimum enrol ment targets for these
on a continuous basis with periodic ranking
continuous contracts of not fewer
periods. All sign-ups are subject to
than 8 mil ion acres by FY2019, 8.25
available acres within the authorized limits.
mil ion acres by FY2020, 8.5 mil ion
(7 C.F.R. 1410.30)
acres by FY2021, and 8.6 mil ion of acres by FY2022 and FY2023. (§2201(c)(3))
CRS-92
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Contract duration. CRP contracts are
Amends the duration for CRP contracts
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
10-15 years in duration. In the case of land
by requiring select continuous
devoted to hardwood trees, shelterbelts,
enrol ment contracts to enrol for 15-30
windbreaks, or wildlife corridors, the
years. (§2201(c))
acres by FY2022 and FY2023. (§2201(c)(3))
|
Contract duration. CRP contracts are 10-15 years in duration. In the case of land devoted to hardwood trees, shelterbelts, windbreaks, or wildlife corridors, the landowner may specify the duration of the contract between 10 and 15 years. (16 U.S.C. 3831(e))
Reenrollment of expired land. All
Limits reenrol ment for land devoted to
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision with
expiring CRP land is eligible for
hardwood trees to only one
amendment. Adds exclusions to the
reenrol ment in the program. (16 U.S.C.
reenrol ment. (§2201(d))
hardwood tree limitation for riparian
3831(h))
U.S.C. 3831(e))
|
Amends the duration for CRP contracts by requiring select continuous enrollment contracts to enroll for 15-30 years. (§2201(c))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Reenrollment of expired land. All expiring CRP land is eligible for reenrollment in the program. (16 U.S.C. 3831(h))
|
Limits reenrollment for land devoted to hardwood trees to only one reenrollment. (§2201(d))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision with amendment. Adds exclusions to the hardwood tree limitation for riparian forested buffers forested wetlands and shelterbelts. (§2201(d))
|
No comparable provision. The State
No comparable provision.
Establishes a format in which states
No comparable provision.
Acres for Wildlife Enhancement
and Indian Tribes may request “SAFE
(SAFE) Initiative is a CRP continuous
areas” under CRP. Priority is given to
sign-up initiative created by the George W.
SAFE area requests that 1) include
Bush Administration in 2008. SAFE project
habitat for species that are declining
areas are proposed by conservation
No comparable provision. The State Acres for Wildlife Enhancement (SAFE) Initiative is a CRP continuous sign-up initiative created by the George W. Bush Administration in 2008. SAFE project areas are proposed by conservation groups, nonprofit organizations, government agencies, biologists, farmers, and ranchers and must contain acres with wildlife species that may be threatened or endangered, suffering population decline, or provide value to the local community. Acres enrolled under the SAFE initiative receive a higher percentage of cost-share assistance, additional practice incentive payments, and a sign-up incentive payment.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Establishes a format in which states and Indian Tribes may request "SAFE areas" under CRP. Priority is given to SAFE area requests that 1) include habitat for species that are declining or in danger of declining; 2) would or in danger of declining; 2) would
groups, nonprofit organizations,
help prevent the listing of or remove a species as a threatened species or endangered species under the
government agencies, biologists, farmers,
species as a threatened species or
and ranchers and must contain acres with
endangered species under the
wildlife species that may be threatened or
Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C.
endangered, suffering population decline,
Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.); 3) is adjacent to other conservation land; or 4) provides economic or social value to the local community for outdoor recreation. Priority is also given for requests that
or provide value to the local community.
conservation land; or 4) provides
Acres enrol ed under the SAFE initiative
economic or social value to the local
receive a higher percentage of cost-share
community for outdoor recreation.
assistance, additional practice incentive
Priority is also given for requests that
payments, and a sign-up incentive payment.
offer to pay additional incentive payments for CRP contracts in SAFE areas. Regional balance must be maintained and, monthly and annual reports are required. (§2101(4))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Requires offers in SAFE project areas
No comparable provision.
to be given priority enrol ment under reports are required. (§2101(4))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires offers in SAFE project areas to be given priority enrollment under continuous sign-up. At least 30% of total CRP continuous sign-up acres
CRS-93
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
must be in a SAFE project area. (§2101(3)(C))
No directly comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Adds a new provision establishing
Similar to Senate provision with
Conservation Reserve Enhancement
CREP as a permanent subprogram
amendments. Limits eligible partners
Program (CREP) is a subprogram of
under CRP. Provisions are similar to
to states, political subdivisions of a
CRP in which USDA enters into
the existing CREP. Allows USDA to
state, Indian tribes, and
agreements with States to target select
enter into agreements with eligible
nongovernmental organizations.
areas and resource concerns in exchange
entities to carry out CREP.
Amends agreement requirements to
for continuous CRP sign-ups and higher
Agreement requirements are defined
include matching fund contributions
payments for enrol ment. CREP was
and existing CREP agreements remain
and possible temporary waiver of
administratively established in 1997 and is
in force, but may be modified.
matching funds. Amends the cost-
regulated at 7 C.F.R. 1410.50.
Payments from an eligible partner may
share incentive payments to include a
be in cash, in-kind, or through
waiver of mid-contract management
technical assistance. Includes
grazing. For forested riparian buffers, a
additional requirements for select
reduction in rental rate is added when
cost-share payments, incentive
a food-producing woody plant is used
payments, and maintenance payments.
as a buffer, and technical assistance
Requires at least 20% of continuous
provisions are limited to coordination
contracts to be enrol ed in CREP.
with state forestry agencies. Includes
Status reports are required 180 days
drought and water conservation
after the end of each fiscal year
agreements. Deletes the 20%
fol owing enactment. Dryland farming
requirement for continuous contracts.
total CRP continuous sign-up acres must be in a SAFE project area. (§2101(3)(C))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No directly comparable provision. Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) is a subprogram of CRP in which USDA enters into agreements with States to target select areas and resource concerns in exchange for continuous CRP sign-ups and higher payments for enrollment. CREP was administratively established in 1997 and is regulated at 7 C.F.R. 1410.50.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds a new provision establishing CREP as a permanent subprogram under CRP. Provisions are similar to the existing CREP. Allows USDA to enter into agreements with eligible entities to carry out CREP. Agreement requirements are defined and existing CREP agreements remain in force, but may be modified. Payments from an eligible partner may be in cash, in-kind, or through technical assistance. Includes additional requirements for select cost-share payments, incentive payments, and maintenance payments. Requires at least 20% of continuous contracts to be enrolled in CREP. Status reports are required 180 days after the end of each fiscal year following enactment. Dryland farming is allowed on CREP acres if the is allowed on CREP acres if the
(§2202)
purpose of the CREP agreement is to address regional drought concerns. (§2105(a)) and (§12612)
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Limits eligible partners to states, political subdivisions of a state, Indian tribes, and nongovernmental organizations. Amends agreement requirements to include matching fund contributions and possible temporary waiver of matching funds. Amends the cost-share incentive payments to include a waiver of mid-contract management grazing. For forested riparian buffers, a reduction in rental rate is added when a food-producing woody plant is used as a buffer, and technical assistance provisions are limited to coordination with state forestry agencies. Includes drought and water conservation agreements. Deletes the 20% requirement for continuous contracts. (§2202)
|
Farmable Wetlands Program (FWP). A subprogram under CRP authorized through FY2018 to enroll up to 750,000 acres of wetland and buffer acreage in CRP. USDA may, after a review, increase the number of acres enrolled and (§12612)
Farmable Wetlands Program (FWP).
Reauthorizes FWP through FY2023.
Reauthorizes FWP through FY2023.
Similar to Senate provision with minor
A subprogram under CRP authorized
Amends buffer acreage enrol ment and
(§2102)
amendments. (§2203)
through FY2018 to enrol up to 750,000
reduces total enrol ment to not more
acres of wetland and buffer acreage in
than 500,000 acres. Deletes a provision
CRP. USDA may, after a review, increase
allowing buffer acres and CREP acres to
the number of acres enrol ed in FWP by
be considered separate from the total
in FWP by 200,000 additional acres. (16 U.S.C. 3831b(a)-(c))
|
Reauthorizes FWP through FY2023. Amends buffer acreage enrollment and reduces total enrollment to not more than 500,000 acres. Deletes a provision allowing buffer acres and CREP acres to be considered separate from the total enrollment cap. Deletes USDA's 200,000 additional acres. (16 U.S.C.
enrol ment cap. Deletes USDA’s
3831b(a)-(c))
authority to increase acreage enrollmentenrol ment. (§2202(a)-(c))
CRS-94
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Owners and operators of FWP land must
Deletes the prohibition on commercial
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
. (§2202(a)-(c))
|
Reauthorizes FWP through FY2023. (§2102)
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§2203)
|
Owners and operators of FWP land must agree to (1) restore the hydrology of the agree to (1) restore the hydrology of the
use. (§2202(d))
wetland, (2) establish vegetative cover, (3) prohibit commercial use, and (4) carry out the other duties required of all CRP contracts. (16 U.S.C. 3831b(e))
Under FWP, the Secretary is required to
Reduces the annual rental rate and
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
make rental payments and cost-share
deletes the additional incentives for
payments in accordance with CRP.
filterstrips. (§2202(e))
Additional incentives are authorized to enrol filterstrips. (16 U.S.C. 3831b(f))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
CRP Easements. Adds a new
Similar to Senate provision with
provision for select expiring land (see
amendments. Creates a new contract,
§2106(a)(4)) to be enrol ed into a
referred to as CLEAR 30, that
permanent easement under CRP. In
enrol s expiring land into 30-year CRP
exchange for a payment the
contracts (see §2201(c)(3)).
landowner must maintain the land in
Enrol ment is restricted by the overall
accordance with an approved plan and
CRP enrol ment limit. Land is enrol ed
the terms and conditions of the
into contracts, not easements. Under
easement. Payments are based on the
a CLEAR 30 contract the landowner
lowest of (1) the appraised fair market must maintain the land in accordance value of the land, (2) a corresponding
with an approved plan and the terms
geographical limitation, or (3) the
and conditions the contract.
landowner’s offer. All payments are to
Compensation is made in 30 annual
contracts. (16 U.S.C. 3831b(e))
|
Deletes the prohibition on commercial use. (§2202(d))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Under FWP, the Secretary is required to make rental payments and cost-share payments in accordance with CRP. Additional incentives are authorized to enroll filterstrips. (16 U.S.C. 3831b(f))
|
Reduces the annual rental rate and deletes the additional incentives for filterstrips. (§2202(e))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
CRP Easements. Adds a new provision for select expiring land (see §2106(a)(4)) to be enrolled into a permanent easement under CRP. In exchange for a payment the landowner must maintain the land in accordance with an approved plan and the terms and conditions of the easement. Payments are based on the lowest of (1) the appraised fair market value of the land, (2) a corresponding geographical limitation, or (3) the landowner's offer. All payments are to be made in cash and may be received be made in cash and may be received
cash payments similar to those
in a lump sum or ten annual payments. USDA may delegate the management, monitoring, and enforcement responsibilities of CRP easements to calculated under general CRP. Terms, USDA may delegate the management,
conditions, technical assistance, and
monitoring, and enforcement
administration provisions are similar
responsibilities of CRP easements to
to the Senate provision. (§2204)
other federal, state, or local government agencies, or conservation organizations. There are no limits on the number of easements that may be entered into and enrollmentenrol ment is not restricted by the overall CRP enrollmentenrol ment limit. (§2107)
CRS-95
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Adds a new reenrol ment requirement Similar to Senate provision but for select expiring CRP contracts.
included under the new CLEAR 30
Covered contracts include new CRP
contracts described above (see
contracts entered into during the bil ’s
§2204)
limit. (§2107)
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Creates a new contract, referred to as CLEAR 30, that enrolls expiring land into 30-year CRP contracts (see §2201(c)(3)). Enrollment is restricted by the overall CRP enrollment limit. Land is enrolled into contracts, not easements. Under a CLEAR 30 contract the landowner must maintain the land in accordance with an approved plan and the terms and conditions the contract. Compensation is made in 30 annual cash payments similar to those calculated under general CRP. Terms, conditions, technical assistance, and administration provisions are similar to the Senate provision. (§2204)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds a new reenrollment requirement for select expiring CRP contracts. Covered contracts include new CRP contracts entered into during the bill's authorization (through FY2023), continuous contracts with select water quality practices, and SAFE contracts. Upon expiration, covered contracts may (1) not reenroll reenrol in CRP, (2) reenrol (2) reenroll with a 40% reduction in annual rental payments and no incentive payments, or (3) enroll enrol in a CRP easement (see §2107). If the land is determined to not be suitable for a CRP easement then it may be reenrolledreenrol ed with the terms in effect on the date of expiration. (§2106(a)(4))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Soil health and income
Creates a pilot program under CRP
protection program. Creates a new similar to the Senate provision with program providing annual rental
amendments. Limits the pilot to states
payments of 50% of the county
within the prairie pothole region and
average rental rate for less productive
on land that has not participated in
farm land to be taken out of
CRP in the previous three crop years.
production and planted to a low-cost
Also, no more than 50,000 acres may
perennial cover crop. At least 15% of
be used for the pilot. Contract
the eligible land on the farm must be
requirements, payments, and
enrol ed for 3-5 years. Higher annual
restrictions are similar to the Senate
rental rates of 75%, and cost-share
provision. Adds a required annual
assistance is available for beginning,
report to Congress. (§2204)
small, social ythe date of expiration. (§2106(a)(4))
|
Similar to Senate provision but included under the new CLEAR 30 contracts described above (see §2204)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Soil health and income protection program. Creates a new program providing annual rental payments of 50% of the county average rental rate for less productive farm land to be taken out of production and planted to a low-cost perennial cover crop. At least 15% of the eligible land on the farm must be enrolled for 3-5 years. Higher annual rental rates of 75%, and cost-share assistance is available for beginning, small, socially disadvantaged, young, or veteran farmers and ranchers. Harvesting, haying, and grazing are allowedal owed outside of the local nesting and brood-rearing period. Such sums as necessary are authorized to be appropriated. (§2404)
CRS-96
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Duties of owners and operators. In
Adds grazing as a management activity
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision but deletes
exchange for payments under CRP, owners that may be undertaken to implement a
the grazing as management activity
and operators agree to a number of
conservation plan. Allows for a
addition and the inclusion of
requirements and restrictions on the land
conservation plan to include permitted
commercial uses. (§2205)
under contract. These requirements are
commercial uses. Adds a requirement
outlined in the CRP contract and
for hardwood and other trees, excluding
conservation plan. (16 U.S.C. 3832)
appropriated. (§2404)
|
Creates a pilot program under CRP similar to the Senate provision with amendments. Limits the pilot to states within the prairie pothole region and on land that has not participated in CRP in the previous three crop years. Also, no more than 50,000 acres may be used for the pilot. Contract requirements, payments, and restrictions are similar to the Senate provision. Adds a required annual report to Congress. (§2204)
|
Duties of owners and operators. In exchange for payments under CRP, owners and operators agree to a number of requirements and restrictions on the land under contract. These requirements are outlined in the CRP contract and conservation plan. (16 U.S.C. 3832)
|
Adds grazing as a management activity that may be undertaken to implement a conservation plan. Allows for a conservation plan to include permitted commercial uses. Adds a requirement for hardwood and other trees, excluding windbreaks and shelterbelts, to carry out thinning and forest management practices. (§2203)
Duties of the Secretary. In return for a
Amends reference to the annual rental
Amends cost-share payments to
Similar to both House and Senate
CRP contract, landowners are
payments. (§2204(a))
include the cost of fencing and water
provisions with amendments. Amends
compensated for a percentage of the cost
distribution practices. (§2103(a))
annual rental payments by adding
(cost-share) of carrying out conservation
marginal pastureland to the list of land
measures within the contract and an annual
converted to less intensive uses and
rental payment for 1) the conversion of
removes payments to permanently
highly erodible land and other agricultural
retire base history. (§2206(a))
practices. (§2203)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision but deletes the grazing as management activity addition and the inclusion of commercial uses. (§2205)
|
Duties of the Secretary. In return for a CRP contract, landowners are compensated for a percentage of the cost (cost-share) of carrying out conservation measures within the contract and an annual rental payment for 1) the conversion of highly erodible land and other agricultural land to less intensive uses, 2) permanent retirement of base history, and 3) development and management of grasslands. (16 U.S.C. 3833(a))
Specified permitted activities. Certain
Expands permitted harvesting and
Expands permitted harvesting and
Similar to House and Senate
specified activities (e.g., harvesting, grazing,
grazing activities on CRP land. Caps the
grazing activities on CRP land.
provisions with amendments. Requires
or other commercial uses of the forage)
reduction in annual rental rate for
Expands permitted harvesting, grazing,
USDA to expand permitted uses of
are permitted on CRP land under select
managed harvesting at 25% and does not
and other commercial uses of the
cover on CRP land. Permitted
conditions. These activities are allowed
allow vegetative cover to be harvested
forage on CRP acres without a
activities would not be subject to a
without a reduction in the annual rental
for seed. Amends the frequency of
reduction in annual rental rate when a
reduction in rental rate for emergency
rate when in response to drought,
harvesting to not more than once every
state of emergency is caused by a
uses, mid-contract management
flooding, or other emergency. Managed
three years and not more than 75% of
drought or wildfire. Managed
practices, select uses of vegetative
harvesting is allowed if it is consistent with
the covered acres in accordance with a
harvesting is permitted for a 25%
buffers, and grazing by beginning
soil conservation, water quality, and
conservation plan. Routine grazing is
reduction in the annual rental rate
farmers or ranchers. A 25% reduction
wildlife habitat (including primary nesting
amended to allow for grazing during
subject to: vegetation management
in rental rate may be approved for
seasons) and in exchange for not less than
periods of primary nesting season if the
requirements; primary nesting season
limited grazing and haying activities
a 25% reduction in annual rental rates for
stocking rates are reduced by 50% in
restrictions; a limit of not more than
and wind turbine installation subject
acres covered by the activity. Managed
accordance with a conservation plan.
once every three years; and not more
to select limitations. Includes the
harvesting may occur at least every five
Requires the frequency and duration of
than 1/3 of an owner’s CRP acres in a
Senate provision’s SAFE and CREP
years but not more than once every three
routine grazing to be limited to the
given year. Grazing in exchange for an
limitation. (§2206(b))
CRS-97
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
years. Routine grazing is also permitted in
health of established cover rather than a
annual rental rate reduction of 25% is
exchange for not less than a 25% reduction specific time frame. Adds a provision
allowed subject to: vegetation
in annual rental rate, subject to nesting
allowing grazing conducted as a
management requirements and
season restrictions, vegetation
management activity under a
carrying capacity under LFP; timing
management requirements and stocking
conservation plan to occur without a
restrictions; a limit of not more than
rates, and limited to not more than once
rental rate reduction. Adds a new
once every three years; and a waiver
every two years (accounting for regional
provision that allows for grazing on CRP
of all reductions for veterans or
differences). (16 U.S.C. 3833(b))
land during the FSA determined “normal
beginning farmers or ranchers.
grazing period” under the Livestock
Managed and routine grazing is not
Forage Disaster Program (LFP)
permitted during times of severe or
without regard to primary nesting
high intensity drought (as determined
season if there is a 50% reduction of the
by the U.S. Drought Monitor) or
normal carrying capacity determined
when determined to cause long-term
under LFP. (§2204(b))
grasslands. (16 U.S.C. 3833(a))
|
Amends reference to the annual rental payments. (§2204(a))
|
Amends cost-share payments to include the cost of fencing and water distribution practices. (§2103(a))
|
Similar to both House and Senate provisions with amendments. Amends annual rental payments by adding marginal pastureland to the list of land converted to less intensive uses and removes payments to permanently retire base history. (§2206(a))
|
Specified permitted activities. Certain specified activities (e.g., harvesting, grazing, or other commercial uses of the forage) are permitted on CRP land under select conditions. These activities are allowed without a reduction in the annual rental rate when in response to drought, flooding, or other emergency. Managed harvesting is allowed if it is consistent with soil conservation, water quality, and wildlife habitat (including primary nesting seasons) and in exchange for not less than a 25% reduction in annual rental rates for acres covered by the activity. Managed harvesting may occur at least every five years but not more than once every three years. Routine grazing is also permitted in exchange for not less than a 25% reduction in annual rental rate, subject to nesting season restrictions, vegetation management requirements and stocking rates, and limited to not more than once every two years (accounting for regional differences). (16 U.S.C. 3833(b))
|
Expands permitted harvesting and grazing activities on CRP land. Caps the reduction in annual rental rate for managed harvesting at 25% and does not allow vegetative cover to be harvested for seed. Amends the frequency of harvesting to not more than once every three years and not more than 75% of the covered acres in accordance with a conservation plan. Routine grazing is amended to allow for grazing during periods of primary nesting season if the stocking rates are reduced by 50% in accordance with a conservation plan. Requires the frequency and duration of routine grazing to be limited to the health of established cover rather than a specific time frame. Adds a provision allowing grazing conducted as a management activity under a conservation plan to occur without a rental rate reduction. Adds a new provision that allows for grazing on CRP land during the FSA determined "normal grazing period" under the Livestock Forage Disaster Program (LFP) without regard to primary nesting season if there is a 50% reduction of the normal carrying capacity determined under LFP. (§2204(b))
|
Expands permitted harvesting and grazing activities on CRP land. Expands permitted harvesting, grazing, and other commercial uses of the forage on CRP acres without a reduction in annual rental rate when a state of emergency is caused by a drought or wildfire. Managed harvesting is permitted for a 25% reduction in the annual rental rate subject to: vegetation management requirements; primary nesting season restrictions; a limit of not more than once every three years; and not more than 1/3 of an owner's CRP acres in a given year. Grazing in exchange for an annual rental rate reduction of 25% is allowed subject to: vegetation management requirements and carrying capacity under LFP; timing restrictions; a limit of not more than once every three years; and a waiver of all reductions for veterans or beginning farmers or ranchers. Managed and routine grazing is not permitted during times of severe or high intensity drought (as determined by the U.S. Drought Monitor) or when determined to cause long-term damage to the vegetative cover. SAFE and CREP acres may be grazed if permitted under the related agreement. (§2103(b))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Adds a new provision allowing state
Similar to Senate provision but allows
technical committees to determine
USDA to make the determination, not
agreement. (§2103(b))
|
Similar to House and Senate provisions with amendments. Requires USDA to expand permitted uses of cover on CRP land. Permitted activities would not be subject to a reduction in rental rate for emergency uses, mid-contract management practices, select uses of vegetative buffers, and grazing by beginning farmers or ranchers. A 25% reduction in rental rate may be approved for limited grazing and haying activities and wind turbine installation subject to select limitations. Includes the Senate provision's SAFE and CREP limitation. (§2206(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds a new provision allowing state technical committees to determine years in which harvesting and grazing years in which harvesting and grazing
state technical committees.
shall not be permitted if it would
(§2206(b))
cause long-term damage to vegetative cover on that land. (§2103(c))
No comparable provision.
Adds a new provision providing that
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision.
when a natural disaster or adverse
(§2206(c))
cover on that land. (§2103(c))
|
Similar to Senate provision but allows USDA to make the determination, not state technical committees. (§2206(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds a new provision providing that when a natural disaster or adverse weather event has the same effect as a management practice required under a conservation plan, USDA cannot require a similar management practice if the natural disaster or adverse weather event achieved the same effect. (§2204(c))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§2206(c))
|
Cost-share payments. Land enrolled in
Cost-share payments. Land enrol ed in
Reduces cost-share assistance. Cost-
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision with
CRP is eligible to receive cost-share assistance for practices implemented. Cost-
share payments are limited to 50% of the actual or average cost of establishing the practice and no more than 100% of the total cost. Hardwood trees, windbreaks, shelterbelts, and wildlife corridors are eligible for additional cost-share payments. Owners are ineligible from receiving cost-share payments if assistance is provided under other federal programs (16 U.S.C. 3834(b))
|
Reduces cost-share assistance. Cost-share payments are limited to 40% of the actual or average cost of establishing the practice except for seed, which is limited to 25% of the cost. No cost-share is available for contract management activities. No incentive payments, except those described below, are allowed beyond the cost of installing the practices. Removes the additional cost-share assistance for hardwood trees, windbreaks, shelterbelts, and wildlife corridors. (§2205(a))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision with amendments, including removal of the 40% cost-share payment limit. Includes seed cost limitation but increases the limit to 50%. Removes incentive payment limitation. Adds an exception to ineligibility for cost-share for CREP contracts. Also, adds a 50% limit on practice incentives for continuous enrollment practices. (§2207(a))
|
Incentive payments. Incentive payments are allowed for up to 150% of the total cost of thinning and other practices to promote forest management or enhance wildlife habitat. (16 U.S.C. 3834(c))
|
Reduces incentive payments to not more than 100% of the total cost of thinning and other practices to promote forest management or enhance wildlife habitat. (§2205(b))
|
Adds a new provision allowing signing and practice incentive payments for continuous sign-up contracts to encourage participation. These 40% of
amendments, including removal of the
assistance for practices implemented.
the actual or average cost of establishing
40% cost-share payment limit. Includes
Cost-share payments are limited to 50% of
the practice except for seed, which is
seed cost limitation but increases the
CRS-98
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
the actual or average cost of establishing
limited to 25% of the cost. No cost-
limit to 50%. Removes incentive
the practice and no more than 100% of the share is available for contract
payment limitation. Adds an exception
total cost. Hardwood trees, windbreaks,
management activities. No incentive
to ineligibility for cost-share for CREP
shelterbelts, and wildlife corridors are
payments, except those described
contracts. Also, adds a 50% limit on
eligible for additional cost-share payments.
below, are allowed beyond the cost of
practice incentives for continuous
Owners are ineligible from receiving cost-
installing the practices. Removes the
enrol ment practices. (§2207(a))
share payments if assistance is provided
additional cost-share assistance for
under other federal programs (16 U.S.C.
hardwood trees, windbreaks,
3834(b))
shelterbelts, and wildlife corridors. (§2205(a))
Incentive payments. Incentive payments
Reduces incentive payments to not
Adds a new provision allowing signing
Identical to House provision.
are allowed for up to 150% of the total
more than 100% of the total cost of
and practice incentive payments for
(§2207(b))
cost of thinning and other practices to
thinning and other practices to promote
continuous sign-up contracts to
promote forest management or enhance
forest management or enhance wildlife
encourage participation. These
wildlife habitat. (16 U.S.C. 3834(c))
habitat. (§2205(b))
incentive payments are limited to periods of high commodity prices. (§2104(1)(B))
Annual rental payments. Land enrol ed
Adds a requirement that when
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision with
in CRP is eligible to receive an annual
determining the amount of annual rental
amendments. Requires the Secretary
rental payment. In determining the amount
payments the Secretary must consider
to consider the impact on the local
to be paid, the Secretary has discretion in
the impact on the local farmland rental
farmland rental market and other
determining the amount necessary to
market. (§2205(c)(1))
factors determined by the Secretary.
encourage enrol ment. (16 U.S.C.
periods of high commodity prices. (§2104(1)(B))
|
Identical to House provision. (§2207(b))
|
Annual rental payments. Land enrolled in CRP is eligible to receive an annual rental payment. In determining the amount to be paid, the Secretary has discretion in determining the amount necessary to encourage enrollment. (16 U.S.C. 3834(d)(1))
|
Adds a requirement that when determining the amount of annual rental payments the Secretary must consider the impact on the local farmland rental market. (§2205(c)(1))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision with amendments. Requires the Secretary to consider the impact on the local farmland rental market and other factors determined by the Secretary. (§2207(c)(1))
|
CRP enrollment is conducted through the submission of bids by owners and operators of eligible land. Annual rental payments under CRP contracts are determined by the Secretary in accordance with the rental rate criteria (see below). (16 U.S.C. 3834(d)(2))
|
Reduces annual rental payments based on enrollment type. Newly enrolled acres receive not more than 80% of the average county rental rate (described below). Reenrolled land receives not more than a percentage of the average county rental rate for the year of reenrollment subject to the following schedule: - First reenrollment: not more than 65%,
- Second reenrollment: not more than 55%,
- Third reenrollment: not more than 45%, and
- Fourth reenrollment: not more than 35%.
- (§2205(c)(2))
|
No directly comparable provision. See rental rates under (Section 2104(2)(B) below.
|
Similar to House provision with amendments. Does not limit average county rental rates for newly enrolled land. Reenrolled land receives not more than 85% of the average county rental rate for general enrollment contracts and 90% for continuous enrollment(§2207(c)(1))
3834(d)(1))
CRP enrol ment is conducted through the
Reduces annual rental payments based
No directly comparable provision. See
Similar to House provision with
submission of bids by owners and
on enrol ment type. Newly enrol ed
rental rates under (Section 2104(2)(B)
amendments. Does not limit average
operators of eligible land. Annual rental
acres receive not more than 80% of the
below.
county rental rates for newly enrol ed
payments under CRP contracts are
average county rental rate (described
land. Reenrol ed land receives not
determined by the Secretary in accordance
below). Reenrol ed land receives not
more than 85% of the average county
with the rental rate criteria (see below).
more than a percentage of the average
rental rate for general enrol ment
(16 U.S.C. 3834(d)(2))
county rental rate for the year of
contracts and 90% for continuous
reenrol ment subject to the fol owing
enrol ment contracts. The reduction
schedule:
contracts. The reduction may be waived for CREP contracts.
•
Adds a sign-up incentive for
First reenrol ment: not more than 65%,
continuous enrol ment of 32.5% of the
CRS-99
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
•
Second reenrol ment: not more
first annual rental payment.
than 55%,
(§2207(c)(2))
•
Third reenrol ment: not more than 45%, and
•
Fourth reenrol ment: not more than 35%.
(§2205(c)(2))
When accepting CRP offers, USDA may
No comparable provision.
Adds a requirement for USDA to
No comparable provision.
consider how the land would improve soil
prioritize marginal and
resources, water quality, or wildlife habitat
environmentally sensitive land when
or provide other environmental benefits.
evaluating offers. (§2104(2)(A)(iii))
(16 U.S.C. 3834(d)(3))
Enrol ment of hardwood tree acres are to
Deletes provision. (§2205(c)(3))
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision.
be considered on a continuous basis. (16
(§2207(c)(3))
U.S.C. 3834(d)(4))
Rental rates. CRP rental rates are based
Requires NASS to conduct a county
Requires NASS to conduct a county
Similar to House and Senate
on soil productivity and the county average average rental rate survey annually and
average rental rate survey annually.
provisions with amendments. Requires
rental rate. USDA may use the National
publish the survey estimate not later
Reduces annual rental payments to
NASS to conduct a county average
Agricultural Statistics Service’s (NASS)
than September 15 each year. Requires
not more than 88.5% of the rental
rental rate survey annually and publish
survey estimates relating to dryland cash
the Secretary to use the NASS survey
rate (excluding incentive payments).
the survey estimate not later than
rental rates when determining annual
estimates relating to dryland rental rates
(§2104(2)(B))
September 15 each year. Adds a
rental rates. NASS is required to conduct a when determining annual rental rates.
requirement that USDA post the
survey no less than once a year on county
Deletes references to “cash” rental
current and previous soil rental rates
average market dryland and irrigated cash
rates. (§2205(c)(4))
for each county online. Requires the
rental rates. (16 U.S.C. 3834(d)(5))
Adds a sign-up incentive for continuous enrollment of 32.5% of the first annual rental payment. (§2207(c)(2))
|
When accepting CRP offers, USDA may consider how the land would improve soil resources, water quality, or wildlife habitat or provide other environmental benefits. (16 U.S.C. 3834(d)(3))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds a requirement for USDA to prioritize marginal and environmentally sensitive land when evaluating offers. (§2104(2)(A)(iii))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Enrollment of hardwood tree acres are to be considered on a continuous basis. (16 U.S.C. 3834(d)(4))
|
Deletes provision. (§2205(c)(3))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§2207(c)(3))
|
Rental rates. CRP rental rates are based on soil productivity and the county average rental rate. USDA may use the National Agricultural Statistics Service's (NASS) survey estimates relating to dryland cash rental rates when determining annual rental rates. NASS is required to conduct a survey no less than once a year on county average market dryland and irrigated cash rental rates. (16 U.S.C. 3834(d)(5))
|
Requires NASS to conduct a county average rental rate survey annually and publish the survey estimate not later than September 15 each year. Requires the Secretary to use the NASS survey estimates relating to dryland rental rates when determining annual rental rates. Deletes references to "cash" rental rates. (§2205(c)(4))
|
Requires NASS to conduct a county average rental rate survey annually. Reduces annual rental payments to not more than 88.5% of the rental rate (excluding incentive payments). (§2104(2)(B))
|
Similar to House and Senate provisions with amendments. Requires NASS to conduct a county average rental rate survey annually and publish the survey estimate not later than September 15 each year. Adds a requirement that USDA post the current and previous soil rental rates for each county online. Requires the Secretary to use the NASS survey estimates relating to dryland rental rates when determining annual rental rates. rates.
Creates a new provision allowing FSA state committees and CREP partners to propose alternative soil rental rates with acceptable documentation and with notification to congressional authorizing committees. The county average soil rental rate is limited to
CRS-100
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
85% for general enrol ment85% for general enrollment or 90% for continuous enrollmentenrol ment. (§2207(c)(5))
Limits on rental payments. The total
Adds a limit on payments to states
Maintains the $50,000 rental payment
Identical to Senate provision.
amount of rental payments received
under CREP to 50% of the cost of
limit. Adds a waiver of payment limits
(§2207(d))
directly or indirectly may not exceed
activities carried out under the CREP
and adjusted gross income (AGI)
$50,000. Additional payment received
agreement. (§2205(d))
requirements for rural water district
under a CREP contract is not subject to
or association land enrol ed for the
the payment limit. USDA is allowed to
purpose of protecting a wellhead.
enter into CREP agreements with States.
Deletes reference to CREP
(16 U.S.C. 3834(g))
agreements. (§2104(3))
Early termination. Owners and
Amends the early termination provisions Deletes the early termination
No comparable provision.
operators were allowed to terminate their
to allow producers with a CRP contract
provision. (§2106(a)(1))
CRP contracts in FY2015 without penalty if in place for five or more years to the contract had been in place for at least
terminate the contract in FY2019.
five years. Land not eligible for early
(§2206(a))
. (§2207(c)(5))
|
Limits on rental payments. The total amount of rental payments received directly or indirectly may not exceed $50,000. Additional payment received under a CREP contract is not subject to the payment limit. USDA is allowed to enter into CREP agreements with States. (16 U.S.C. 3834(g))
|
Adds a limit on payments to states under CREP to 50% of the cost of activities carried out under the CREP agreement. (§2205(d))
|
Maintains the $50,000 rental payment limit. Adds a waiver of payment limits and adjusted gross income (AGI) requirements for rural water district or association land enrolled for the purpose of protecting a wellhead. Deletes reference to CREP agreements. (§2104(3))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§2207(d))
|
Early termination. Owners and operators were allowed to terminate their CRP contracts in FY2015 without penalty if the contract had been in place for at least five years. Land not eligible for early release includes filterstrips, waterways, strips adjacent to riparian areas, windbreaks, shelterbelts, erodibility index of more than 15, hardwood trees, wildlife habitat, duck nesting habitat, pollinator pol inator habitat, upland bird habitat buffer, wildlife food plots, State Acres for Wildlife Enhancement, shallow water areas for wildlife, rare and declining habitat, farmable wetlands, restored wetlands, diversions, erosion control structures, flood control structures, contour grass strips, living snow fences, salinity reducing vegetation, cross wind trap strips, sediment retention structures, federally designated wellhead protection areas, an easement under CRP, an average width of a perennial stream or permanent water body, and a CREP contract. Terminations become effective upon approval and payments are prorated. Land is still stil eligible for future CRP
CRS-101
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
eligible for future CRP contracts and, if returned to production, is subject to conservation compliance requirements. (16 U.S.C. 3835(e))
|
Amends the early termination provisions to allow producers with a CRP contract in place for five or more years to terminate the contract in FY2019. (§2206(a))
|
Deletes the early termination provision. (§2106(a)(1))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Transition Incentives Program. The transition option under CRP facilitates the transfer of CRP acres from a retiring owner to a beginning/socially disadvantaged/veteran producer to return land to production, and it allows the new owner to begin land improvements or start the organic certification process one year before the CRP contract expires. In exchange, the retiring owner receives up to two additional years of annual CRP rental payments following the expiration of the CRP contract. (16 U.S.C. 3835(f))
|
Amends the CRP transition option to allow new owners to start the organic certification process up to three years before the CRP contract expires. Requires that financial and technical assistance be provided to the new owner to carry out a conservation plan. (§2206(b))
|
Amends the program to transfer land from any CRP contract holder (not limited to retiring or retired farmer or rancher) to a beginning/socially disadvantaged/veteran producer. Extends the time available for the new owner to begin land improvements or start the organic certifications contract from one year to two years before the CRP contract expires. Amends participation requirements to allow short-term leases (less than 5
Transition Incentives Program. The
Amends the CRP transition option to
Amends the program to transfer land
Similar to Senate provision with minor
transition option under CRP facilitates the
allow new owners to start the organic
from any CRP contract holder (not
amendments. (§2208(a))
transfer of CRP acres from a retiring
certification process up to three years
limited to retiring or retired farmer or
owner to a beginning/socially
before the CRP contract expires.
rancher) to a beginning/socially
disadvantaged/veteran producer to return
Requires that financial and technical
disadvantaged/veteran producer.
land to production, and it allows the new
assistance be provided to the new
Extends the time available for the new
owner to begin land improvements or start owner to carry out a conservation plan.
owner to begin land improvements or
the organic certification process one year
(§2206(b))
start the organic certifications
before the CRP contract expires. In
contract from one year to two years
exchange, the retiring owner receives up
before the CRP contract expires.
to two additional years of annual CRP
Amends participation requirements to
rental payments fol owing the expiration of
allow short-term leases (less than 5
the CRP contract. (16 U.S.C. 3835(f))
years) with option to purchase. In addition, gives land enrollmentenrol ment priority for EQIP, CSP, and Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP). Allows for enrollmentenrol ment into a CRP grassland contract. (§2106(a)(3))
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§2208(a))
|
End of Contracts. Landowners may enroll in Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) and conduct activities required under CSP in the final year of the CRP contract without violating the terms of the contract. (16 U.S.C. 3835(g))
|
Amends the provision to allow for enrollment in EQIP and conduct EQIP practices in the final year of the CRP contract without violating the terms of the contract. (§2206(c))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision but allows a landowner to begin the organic certification process three years prior to the end of the contract. (§2208(b))
|
State laws. Land is considered ineligible for CRP if the landowner has received written notice that the land is required to have a resource concern or environmental
End of Contracts. Landowners may
Amends the provision to allow for
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision but allows
enrol in Conservation Stewardship
enrol ment in EQIP and conduct EQIP
a landowner to begin the organic
Program (CSP) and conduct activities
practices in the final year of the CRP
certification process three years prior
required under CSP in the final year of the
contract without violating the terms of
to the end of the contract.
CRP contract without violating the terms
the contract. (§2206(c))
(§2208(b))
of the contract. (16 U.S.C. 3835(g))
State laws. Land is considered ineligible
No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to amend CRP
Similar to Senate provision except the
for CRP if the landowner has received
regulations prohibiting enrol ment of
provision is limited to CREP land.
written notice that the land is required to
land with existing protection measures (§2209)
have a resource concern or environmental
if FSA, in consultation with the state
protection measure or practices in place in
technical committee, considers the
protection measure or practices in place in accordance with tribal, state, or other local law, ordinances, or other regulation. (7 C.F.R. 1410.6(d)(4))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires USDA to amend CRP regulations prohibiting enrollment of land with existing protection measures if FSA, in consultation with the state technical committee, considers the enrollment to be in the best interest of the program. (§2108)
|
Similar to Senate provision except the provision is limited to CREP land. (§2209)
|
Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
accordance with tribal, state, or other local
enrol ment to be in the best interest
law, ordinances, or other regulation. (7
of the program. (§2108)
C.F.R. 1410.6(d)(4))
CRS-102
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Moves the Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) under the EQIP chapter and makes conforming amendments. (§§2301(a), (b), & (d))
Purpose. The purpose of EQIP is to
No comparable provision.
Adds climate adaptation to the 3rd
Similar to Senate provision with minor
promote production and environmental
purpose area. Amends the 4th purpose amendments. (§2302)
quality as compatible goals, and optimize
area to address identified, new, or
environmental benefits by assisting
expected resources associated with
producers: (1) with compliance with
changes to production systems and
regulatory requirements; (2) avoid the
removes the cost-effective purpose.
(d))
|
Purpose. The purpose of EQIP is to promote production and environmental quality as compatible goals, and optimize environmental benefits by assisting producers: (1) with compliance with regulatory requirements; (2) avoid the need for regulation; (3) install and maintain need for regulation; (3) install and maintain
(§2301)
conservation practices; and (4) make cost-effective changes to current production systems. (16 U.S.C. 3839aa)
Definitions. Five terms are defined under
Amends the definition of practice by
Adds a definition for conservation
Similar to House and Senate
EQIP: eligible land, organic system plan,
adding precision conservation
planning survey which may be
provisions with amendments
payment, practice, and program. Practice is
management planning and the use of
developed by non-USDA entity and
Adds a definition for conservation
defined as one or more improvements
cover crops and resource conserving
incorporated into the required EQIP
planning assessment that may be
(e.g., structural, land management, or
crop rotations as eligible conservation
plan.
developed by non-USDA entity and
vegetative practice; forest management;
activities.
Amends the definition for eligible land
incorporated into the required EQIP
and other practices defined by USDA) or
Adds definitions for priority resource
to include land that facilitates the
plan.
conservation activities (e.g., comprehensive concerns and stewardship practice. Both
avoidance of crossing an
nutrient management plans and other plans
Amends the definition of eligible land
new definitions are similar but not
environmentally sensitive area.
as determined by USDA). (16 U.S.C.
to include environmentally sensitive
identical to the definitions for priority
3839aa-1) Under CSP, priority resource
Amends the definition of practice to
areas and identified or expected
resource concern and stewardship
concern is defined as a resource concerned
include soil tests and soil remediation
resource concerns related to
threshold that are repealed under CSP.
that is identified at the national, state, or
practices. Adds resource-conserving
agricultural production.
(§2301)
local level as a priority, is significant in a
crop rotation planning, soil health
Adds definitions for incentive practice
state or region, and could be addressed
planning, and conservation planning
and priority resource concern similar to
successful y under the program.
survey to the list of eligible
the stewardship threshold and priority
Stewardship threshold is defined as a level of
conservation activity plans.
resource concern definitions under CSP.
management required to conserve or
Adds a definition for producer, which
Amends the definition of practice to
improve the quality and condition of a
includes an acequia. (§2302)
include soil tests and soil remediation practices. Adds resource-conserving
CRS-103
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
natural resource. (16 U.S.C. 3838d(5)
crop rotation planning, soil health
and (7))
systems. (16 U.S.C. 3839aa)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds climate adaptation to the 3rd purpose area. Amends the 4th purpose area to address identified, new, or expected resources associated with changes to production systems and removes the cost-effective purpose. (§2301)
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§2302)
|
Definitions. Five terms are defined under EQIP: eligible land, organic system plan, payment, practice, and program. Practice is defined as one or more improvements (e.g., structural, land management, or vegetative practice; forest management; and other practices defined by USDA) or conservation activities (e.g., comprehensive nutrient management plans and other plans as determined by USDA). (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-1) Under CSP, priority resource concern is defined as a resource concerned that is identified at the national, state, or local level as a priority, is significant in a state or region, and could be addressed successfully under the program. Stewardship threshold is defined as a level of management required to conserve or improve the quality and condition of a natural resource. (16 U.S.C. 3838d(5) and (7))
|
Amends the definition of practice by adding precision conservation management planning and the use of cover crops and resource conserving crop rotations as eligible conservation activities.
Adds definitions for priority resource concerns and stewardship practice. Both new definitions are similar but not identical to the definitions for priority resource concern and stewardship threshold that are repealed under CSP. (§2301)
|
Adds a definition for conservation planning survey which may be developed by non-USDA entity and incorporated into the required EQIP plan.
Amends the definition for eligible land to include land that facilitates the avoidance of crossing an environmentally sensitive area.
Amends the definition of practice to include soil tests and soil remediation practices. Adds resource-conserving crop rotation planning, soil health planning, and conservation planning survey to the list of eligible conservation activity plans.
Adds a definition for producer, which includes an acequia. (§2302)
|
Similar to House and Senate provisions with amendments
Adds a definition for conservation planning assessment that may be developed by non-USDA entity and incorporated into the required EQIP plan.
Amends the definition of eligible land to include environmentally sensitive areas and identified or expected resource concerns related to agricultural production.
Adds definitions for incentive practice and priority resource concern similar to the stewardship threshold and priority resource concern definitions under CSP.
Amends the definition of practice to include soil tests and soil remediation practices. Adds resource-conserving crop rotation planning, soil health planning, conservation planning assessments, and precision conservation planning to the list of eligible conservation activity plans.
Adds a definition for soil remediation as a scientifically based practice that addresses soil contaminates and sustainability.
Adds a definition for soil testing as an evaluation of soil health. (§2303)
|
Establishment. EQIP is authorized
Reauthorizes EQIP through FY2023.
Identical to House provision.
Identical to House and Senate
through FY2019. (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-
(§2302(a))
(§2303(1))
provisions. (§2304(a))
2(a))
Advanced payments. EQIP contracts
No comparable provision.
Increases advanced payments to at
Similar to Senate provision with
are paid upon the completion of the
least 50% of the practice cost. Extends amendments. Includes the increased
approved conservation practice. USDA is
the fund return period to 180-days
advance payments at the election of
authorized, however, to make up to 50%
and adds an opt-out option for eligible
the producer. Does not include the
of the cost of the practice available in
producers. (§2303(3)(A))
180-day extension but adds a
advance for a limited resource, socially
notification and documentation clause.
disadvantaged, veteran, or beginning farmer
(§2304(b)(1))
Establishment. EQIP is authorized through FY2019. (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(a))
|
Reauthorizes EQIP through FY2023. (§2302(a))
|
Identical to House provision. (§2303(1))
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§2304(a))
|
Advanced payments. EQIP contracts are paid upon the completion of the approved conservation practice. USDA is authorized, however, to make up to 50% of the cost of the practice available in advance for a limited resource, socially disadvantaged, veteran, or beginning farmer or rancher. Advanced funds must be used to purchase materials within 90-days or the funds must be returned. (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(d)(4)(B))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Adds new sections requiring review
Similar to Senate provision with
and guidance, within a year of
amendments. Moves elements of the
enactment, on the cost effectiveness
review of cost-share rates or
of cost-share rates and the flexibility
conservation practices standards to
of conservation practice standards.
the “Administrative requirements for
Also requires that each state, in
conservation programs” section (see
consultation with the state technical
§2503(b)). Allows states the option,
committee, identify ten high-priority
in consultation with the state technical
practices that wil be eligible for up to
committee, to identify 10 high-priority practices that wil be eligible for up to
CRS-104
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
90% of the practice cost.
90% of the practice cost.
(§2303(3)(B))
(§2304(b)(2))
Funding allocation. Requires that 60% of Deletes carve-out for livestock related
Reauthorizes and reduces the carve-
Similar to Senate provision with
payments go to practices related to
practices. Reauthorizes the wildlife
out for livestock related practices to
amendments. Does not include the
livestock production and that a minimum
habitat payment minimum (5%) through
50% through FY2023 and includes
review of the allocation process.
of 5% of annual funds go to payments
FY2023. (§2302(b))
grazing management practices.
(§2304(c))
benefiting wildlife habitat through FY2018.
Reauthorizes and increases the wildlife
(16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(f))
3839aa-2(d)(4)(B))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Increases advanced payments to at least 50% of the practice cost. Extends the fund return period to 180-days and adds an opt-out option for eligible producers. (§2303(3)(A))
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Includes the increased advance payments at the election of the producer. Does not include the 180-day extension but adds a notification and documentation clause. (§2304(b)(1))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds new sections requiring review and guidance, within a year of enactment, on the cost effectiveness of cost-share rates and the flexibility of conservation practice standards. Also requires that each state, in consultation with the state technical committee, identify ten high-priority practices that will be eligible for up to 90% of the practice cost. (§2303(3)(B))
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Moves elements of the review of cost-share rates or conservation practices standards to the "Administrative requirements for conservation programs" section (see §2503(b)). Allows states the option, in consultation with the state technical committee, to identify 10 high-priority practices that will be eligible for up to 90% of the practice cost. (§2304(b)(2))
|
Funding allocation. Requires that 60% of payments go to practices related to livestock production and that a minimum of 5% of annual funds go to payments benefiting wildlife habitat through FY2018. (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(f))
|
Deletes carve-out for livestock related practices. Reauthorizes the wildlife habitat payment minimum (5%) through FY2023. (§2302(b))
|
Reauthorizes and reduces the carve-out for livestock related practices to 50% through FY2023 and includes grazing management practices. Reauthorizes and increases the wildlife habitat payment minimum to 10% through FY2023. Adds a requirement for USDA, within a year of enactment, to review the annual funding allocation process. (§2303(4))
Wildlife habitat incentives program.
No comparable provision.
Adds a provision to EQIP contract
Similar to Senate provision but moves
Subprogram under EQIP that provides
terms allowing 10-year contracts for
provision to the wildlife habitat
payments for conservation practices that
wildlife practices which may include
incentives section of EQIP. Adds new
benefit wildlife habitat. (16 U.S.C.
incentivizing seasonal wetland
requirements that limits wildlife
3839aa-2(g))
development for waterfowl and
contracts to 10 years. Also adds
Contract terms. EQIP contracts are
migratory birds. (§2303(2))
specific requirements for seasonal
limited to 10 years. (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-
wetland habitat practices. (§2304(d))
2(b)(2))
Water conservation. EQIP may fund
Amends the provision by specifying that
Allows EQIP payments to be made to
Similar to Senate provision with
irrigation efficiency practices. Priority is
payments may be provided for water
producers or selected eligible entities
amendments. Adds land-grant
given for applications that reduce water
conservation scheduling technology or
for water conservation or irrigation
mercedes as an eligible entity. Adds
use on the operation or those in which the management, irrigation-related structural efficient practices. Eligible entities may
land adjacent to as producer’s eligible
producer agrees not to use the water
practices, use of existing or upgrade of
be a state, irrigation district,
land to the list of land on which water
savings to bring new land into irrigation.
drainage systems, or transition to water-
groundwater management district,
conservation or irrigation efficient
(16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(h))
conservation crops or rotations. Adds a
acequia, or similar entity. Practices
practices must be implanted. Allows
new provision allowing USDA to
must be implemented on eligible land
USDA to waive income and payment
contract with irrigation districts,
of the producer or land under the
limits and impose additional limits.
irrigation associations, drainage districts,
control of the eligible entity. AGI and
(§2304(e))
and acequias if the watershed-wide
payment limits may be waived for
project wil effectively conserve water.
eligible entities. Priority is given to
Only eligible land or land owned by the
applications that reduce water use.
irrigation entity is eligible. USDA may
(§2303(5))
waive income and payment limits and impose additional limits. Priority is
CRS-105
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
amended to include the new irrigation entity land. (§2302(c))
Organic payment limits. Payments for
No comparable provision.
Amends the payment limit to a total of Similar to Senate provision except
conservation practices related to organic
$160,000 from FY2019 through
amends the payment limit to a total of
production are limited to a total of
FY2023. (§2303(6))
$140,000 from FY2019 through
$20,000 per year or $80,000 during any 6-
FY2023. (§2304(f))
year period. (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(i))
No directly comparable provision.
Stewardship contracts. Establishes a
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision with
Under CSP, contracts (five years in length
new stewardship contract based on
amendments. Establishes a new
with the option of renewal) are based on
priority resource concerns within a
Conservation Incentive Contract
meeting or exceeding a stewardship
state. No more than three priority
under EQIP. Limits application of the
threshold on the entire agricultural
resource concerns are identified in each
contracts to identified priority
operation. Participants must meet two
state. Contracts are for five to 10 years
resource concerns within select
priority resource concerns upon entry and
and provide annual payments to
geographic regions. Adds prioritization
meet or exceed one additional priority
incentivize increased conservation
for applications that address eligible
resource concern by the end of the
stewardship and the adoption,
priority resource concerns and are
contract. Contract renewal participants
installation, management, and
grouped by similar operations.
must meet the threshold for two additional maintenance of conservation practices.
Expands provisions providing
priority resources concerns or exceed the
Payment amounts are to consider the
payments for income forgone.
threshold for two existing priority
level and extent of the practice, cost,
Requires annual payments be made at
resource concerns. CSP provides two
income forgone, and longevity of the
the beginning of each fiscal year and
possible payments: (1) an annual payment
practice. Payments are limited to
practice payments soon after
for installing new conservation activities
$50,000 per fiscal year. Not more than
implementation of the practice. Does
and maintaining existing activities and (2) a
50% of total EQIP funds may be used for
not include payment limits or a
supplemental payment for adopting a
stewardship contracts. (§2302(d))
percentage of EQIP funds to be used
resource-conserving crop rotation.
for incentive contracts. (§2304(g))
Enrol ment is offered through a continuous sign-up and applications are accepted year-round. CSP payments are limited to not more than $200,000 total between FY2014 and FY2018. (16 U.S.C. 3838d-3838g)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
process. (§2303(4))
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Does not include the review of the allocation process. (§2304(c))
|
Wildlife habitat incentives program. Subprogram under EQIP that provides payments for conservation practices that benefit wildlife habitat. (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(g))
Contract terms. EQIP contracts are limited to 10 years. (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(b)(2))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds a provision to EQIP contract terms allowing 10-year contracts for wildlife practices which may include incentivizing seasonal wetland development for waterfowl and migratory birds. (§2303(2))
|
Similar to Senate provision but moves provision to the wildlife habitat incentives section of EQIP. Adds new requirements that limits wildlife contracts to 10 years. Also adds specific requirements for seasonal wetland habitat practices. (§2304(d))
|
Water conservation. EQIP may fund irrigation efficiency practices. Priority is given for applications that reduce water use on the operation or those in which the producer agrees not to use the water savings to bring new land into irrigation. (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(h))
|
Amends the provision by specifying that payments may be provided for water conservation scheduling technology or management, irrigation-related structural practices, use of existing or upgrade of drainage systems, or transition to water-conservation crops or rotations. Adds a new provision allowing USDA to contract with irrigation districts, irrigation associations, drainage districts, and acequias if the watershed-wide project will effectively conserve water. Only eligible land or land owned by the irrigation entity is eligible. USDA may waive income and payment limits and impose additional limits. Priority is amended to include the new irrigation entity land. (§2302(c))
|
Allows EQIP payments to be made to producers or selected eligible entities for water conservation or irrigation efficient practices. Eligible entities may be a state, irrigation district, groundwater management district, acequia, or similar entity. Practices must be implemented on eligible land of the producer or land under the control of the eligible entity. AGI and payment limits may be waived for eligible entities. Priority is given to applications that reduce water use. (§2303(5))
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Adds land-grant mercedes as an eligible entity. Adds land adjacent to as producer's eligible land to the list of land on which water conservation or irrigation efficient practices must be implanted. Allows USDA to waive income and payment limits and impose additional limits. (§2304(e))
|
Organic payment limits. Payments for conservation practices related to organic production are limited to a total of $20,000 per year or $80,000 during any 6-year period. (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(i))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends the payment limit to a total of $160,000 from FY2019 through FY2023. (§2303(6))
|
Similar to Senate provision except amends the payment limit to a total of $140,000 from FY2019 through FY2023. (§2304(f))
|
No directly comparable provision.
Under CSP, contracts (five years in length with the option of renewal) are based on meeting or exceeding a stewardship threshold on the entire agricultural operation. Participants must meet two priority resource concerns upon entry and meet or exceed one additional priority resource concern by the end of the contract. Contract renewal participants must meet the threshold for two additional priority resources concerns or exceed the threshold for two existing priority resource concerns. CSP provides two possible payments: (1) an annual payment for installing new conservation activities and maintaining existing activities and (2) a supplemental payment for adopting a resource-conserving crop rotation. Enrollment is offered through a continuous sign-up and applications are accepted year-round. CSP payments are limited to not more than $200,000 total between FY2014 and FY2018. (16 U.S.C. 3838d-3838g)
|
Stewardship contracts. Establishes a new stewardship contract based on priority resource concerns within a state. No more than three priority resource concerns are identified in each state. Contracts are for five to 10 years and provide annual payments to incentivize increased conservation stewardship and the adoption, installation, management, and maintenance of conservation practices. Payment amounts are to consider the level and extent of the practice, cost, income forgone, and longevity of the practice. Payments are limited to $50,000 per fiscal year. Not more than 50% of total EQIP funds may be used for stewardship contracts. (§2302(d))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision with amendments. Establishes a new Conservation Incentive Contract under EQIP. Limits application of the contracts to identified priority resource concerns within select geographic regions. Adds prioritization for applications that address eligible priority resource concerns and are grouped by similar operations. Expands provisions providing payments for income forgone. Requires annual payments be made at the beginning of each fiscal year and practice payments soon after implementation of the practice. Does not include payment limits or a percentage of EQIP funds to be used for incentive contracts. (§2304(g))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Pilot program. Establishes a pilot Pilot program. Establishes a pilot
No comparable provision.
program, in not more than ten states, for small-scale agricultural operations. The pilot includes a payment criteria, application requirements, program
CRS-106
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
coordinator, and a report to Congress. (§2303(7))
Evaluation of applications. USDA is
No comparable provision.
Adds a requirement that the
No comparable provision.
required to develop criteria for evaluating
evaluation criteria give priority to the
applications that wil Congress. (§2303(7))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Evaluation of applications. USDA is required to develop criteria for evaluating applications that will ensure that national, ensure that national,
most effective conservation practices.
state, and local conservation priorities are
(§2304)
effectively addressed. (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-3(a))
EQIP plans. All EQIP contracts require
No comparable provision.
Amends the EQIP plan of operation
Identical to Senate provision. (§2305)
an approved plan of operations. For
for confined livestock feeding
confined livestock feeding operations, the
operations to develop and progressively
plan provides for the development and
implement a CNMP. (§2306)
3(a))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds a requirement that the evaluation criteria give priority to the most effective conservation practices. (§2304)
|
No comparable provision.
|
EQIP plans. All EQIP contracts require an approved plan of operations. For confined livestock feeding operations, the plan provides for the development and implementation of a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP). (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-5(a)(3))
Limitation on payments. An EQIP
Extends the EQIP payment limit
Identical to House provision. (§2307)
Similar to House and Senate
participant’s payments are limit to an
($450,000) for FY2019-FY2023 (§2303)
provisions, except exempts new
U.S.C. 3839aa-5(a)(3))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends the EQIP plan of operation for confined livestock feeding operations to develop and progressively implement a CNMP. (§2306)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§2305)
|
Limitation on payments. An EQIP participant's payments are limit to an aggregate of $450,000 between FY2014-aggregate of $450,000 between FY2014-
Conservation Incentive Contracts
FY2018. (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-7)
|
from the EQIP payment limit. Extends the EQIP payment limit (of $450,000) for FY2019-FY2023. (§2303)
|
Identical to House provision. (§2307)
|
Similar to House and Senate provisions, except exempts new Conservation Incentive Contracts from the EQIP payment limit. Extends the EQIP payment limit of $450,000 for FY2019-FY2023. (§2306)
|
Conservation Innovation Grants (CIG) and payments. CIG is a competitive grant program within EQIP. Grants are provided, on a matching basis, to implement innovative conservation projects. (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-8(a))
|
Limits CIG to no more than $25 million annually. Amends eligible uses to include persons participating in an educational activity through an institution of higher education. (§2304(a))
|
Expands the type of conservation projects to include urban agriculture and edge of field monitoring. (§2308(1))
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Adds community colleges carrying out demonstration projects to the list of eligible organizations. Amends the inclusion of 2306)
Conservation Innovation Grants
Limits CIG to no more than $25 mil ion
Expands the type of conservation
Similar to Senate provision with
(CIG) and payments. CIG is a
annually. Amends eligible uses to include
projects to include urban agriculture
amendments. Adds community
competitive grant program within EQIP.
persons participating in an educational
and edge of field monitoring.
col eges carrying out demonstration
Grants are provided, on a matching basis,
activity through an institution of higher
(§2308(1))
projects to the list of eligible
to implement innovative conservation
education. (§2304(a))
organizations. Amends the inclusion of
projects. (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-8(a))
urban agriculture projects and includes edge of field monitoring. (§2307(a))
|
Requires that $25 million of EQIP funds annually (through FY2018) be used to address air quality concerns. (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-8(b))
|
Reauthorizes and increases the air quality funding carve-out to $37 million of EQIP annually between FY2019 and FY2023. (§2304(b))
|
Reauthorizes the air quality funding carve-out of $25 million through FY2023. (§2308(2))
|
Similar to House provision with minor amendments. (§2307(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires up to $25 million of EQIP funds for FY2019-FY2023 be used for on-farm conservation innovation trials to test new or innovative conservation approaches either directly with producers or with eligible entities. (§2304(c))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision with amendments. Establishes an on-farm conservation innovation trial but adds an AGI limit, a reporting requirement, and prohibition on administrative expenses for eligible mil ion of EQIP funds
Reauthorizes and increases the air
Reauthorizes the air quality funding
Similar to House provision with minor
annually (through FY2018) be used to
quality funding carve-out to $37 mil ion
carve-out of $25 mil ion through
amendments. (§2307(b))
address air quality concerns. (16 U.S.C.
of EQIP annually between FY2019 and
FY2023. (§2308(2))
3839aa-8(b))
FY2023. (§2304(b))
CRS-107
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
No comparable provision.
Requires up to $25 mil ion of EQIP funds No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision with
for FY2019-FY2023 be used for on-farm
amendments. Establishes an on-farm
conservation innovation trials to test
conservation innovation trial but
new or innovative conservation
adds an AGI limit, a reporting
approaches either directly with
requirement, and prohibition on
producers or with eligible entities.
administrative expenses for eligible
(§2304(c))
entities. Adds a geographic factor. Includes a soil health demonstration pilot similar to the Senate provision (see below). (§2307(c))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Soil health demonstration pilot.
Similar to Senate provision with
Authorizes a new pilot project to
amendments. Adds a soil health
provide financial assistance for soil
demonstration trial under the on-farm
health practices. A study and a report
conservation innovation trial within
are required. Authorizes $15 mil ion
CIG (see (§2307(c) above). Does not
of EQIP funding annually between
include separate funding authority.
FY2019 and FY2023 to be used for
(§2307(c))
the pilot. (§2309)
CIG report. A report is required no later
Adds a requirement that USDA use the
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision with
than December 31, 2014, and every two
required CIG reports to establish and
amendments. Adds the soil health
years thereafter, to Congress regarding
maintain a public conservation practice
demonstration trial report to the list
CIG funding, project results, and
database. (§2304(c))
of reports required. (§2307(c))
technology transfer efforts. (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-8(c))
Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
(see below). (§2307(c))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Soil health demonstration pilot. Authorizes a new pilot project to provide financial assistance for soil health practices. A study and a report are required. Authorizes $15 million of EQIP funding annually between FY2019 and FY2023 to be used for the pilot. (§2309)
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Adds a soil health demonstration trial under the on-farm conservation innovation trial within CIG (see (§2307(c) above). Does not include separate funding authority. (§2307(c))
|
CIG report. A report is required no later than December 31, 2014, and every two years thereafter, to Congress regarding CIG funding, project results, and technology transfer efforts. (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-8(c))
|
Adds a requirement that USDA use the required CIG reports to establish and maintain a public conservation practice database. (§2304(c))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision with amendments. Adds the soil health demonstration trial report to the list of reports required. (§2307(c))
|
Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Moves the CSP under the EQIP chapter and makes conforming amendments. (§§2301(a), (b) & (d))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision. Repeals CSP
No comparable provision.
No directly comparable provision.
with transition provisions for current
Terminates CSP as in effect on the day
contracts to receive CCC funding until
before enactment. Provides transition
expiration with no option for renewal.
provisions allowing current contracts
(§2801)
amendments. (§§2301(a), (b) & (d))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision. Repeals CSP with transition provisions for current contracts to receive CCC funding until expiration with no option for renewal. (§2801)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No directly comparable provision. Terminates CSP as in effect on the day before enactment. Provides transition provisions allowing current contracts to remain in effect until completion and eligible for an extension in the fifth year of the original contract.
CRS-108
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Existing contracts may not be renewed unless certain conditions are met. Specific provisions are provided for Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) agreements that include CSP acreage. CCC funding is to be made available to carry out current contracts. (§§2301(c)(2)-(c)(5))
(c)(5))
|
Definitions. Seven terms are defined under CSP: agricultural operation, conservation activities, conservation stewardship plan, eligible land, priority resource concern, program, and stewardship threshold. Conservation activities are defined as a conservation systems, practices, or management measures that can include structural, vegetative, and land management measures as well as planning. Definitions. Seven terms are defined
No comparable provision.
Amends the definition of conservation
Identical to Senate provision.
under CSP: agricultural operation,
activities to include comprehensive
(§2308(a))
conservation activities, conservation
conservation plans, soil health planning
stewardship plan, eligible land, priority
to increase soil organic matter, and
resource concern, program, and stewardship
activities that wil adapt or mitigate
threshold. Conservation activities are defined
against increasing weather volatility.
as a conservation systems, practices, or
Amends the definition of stewardship
management measures that can include
threshold to include measurable
structural, vegetative, and land
resource improvements through the
management measures as well as planning.
use of tools, models, criteria, data, and
Stewardship threshold is defined as a level of
other methods. (§2201)
Stewardship threshold is defined as a level of management required to conserve or improve the quality and condition of a natural resource. (16 U.S.C. 3838d(2) and (7))
Establishment and exclusions. The
No comparable provision.
Extends the authorization through
Similar to Senate provision with minor
purpose of CSP is to encourage producers
FY2023. Extends the cropping history
amendments. (§2308(b))
to address priority resource concerns in a
requirement to 4 of the 6 years
comprehensive manner by undertaking
preceding the date of enactment.
additional conservation activities and
(§2202)
and (7))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends the definition of conservation activities to include comprehensive conservation plans, soil health planning to increase soil organic matter, and activities that will adapt or mitigate against increasing weather volatility.
Amends the definition of stewardship threshold to include measurable resource improvements through the use of tools, models, criteria, data, and other methods. (§2201)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§2308(a))
|
Establishment and exclusions. The purpose of CSP is to encourage producers to address priority resource concerns in a comprehensive manner by undertaking additional conservation activities and improving, maintaining, and managing existing conservation activities. CSP is authorized through FY2023. Eligible land may not be enrolledenrol ed in other retirement or easement conservation programs (e.g., CRP and ACEP) and must have a cropping
CRS-109
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
history (4 of the 6 years preceding February 7, 2014). (16 U.S.C. 3838e)
Ranking of applications. Applications
No comparable provision.
Amends the application ranking
Identical to Senate provision.
are ranked based on the (1) level of
criteria to include (1) the conservation (§2308(c)(1))
conservation treatment at the time of
benefits on all applicable priority
application, (2) degree of proposed
resource concerns at the time of
increased conservation performance, (3)
application, (2) the degree of
number of proposed priority resource
proposed increased conservation
concerns to be treated, (4) extent other
benefits, and (3) other consistent
priority resource concerns wil be
criteria, as determined by the
February 7, 2014). (16 U.S.C. 3838e)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Extends the authorization through FY2023. Extends the cropping history requirement to 4 of the 6 years preceding the date of enactment. (§2202)
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§2308(b))
|
Ranking of applications. Applications are ranked based on the (1) level of conservation treatment at the time of application, (2) degree of proposed increased conservation performance, (3) number of proposed priority resource concerns to be treated, (4) extent other priority resource concerns will be addressed, (5) cost effectiveness of the addressed, (5) cost effectiveness of the
Secretary. Requires that similarly
offer, and (6) effect of priority resource
ranked applications be determined
concerns when transitioning from CRP to
based on the cost-effectiveness of the
agricultural production. (16 U.S.C.
offer. (§2203(1))
3838f(b)(1))
After a producer is determined eligible for
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Amends contracting language to
CSP and the contract offer ranks high
include contract renewals as eligible
enough under the evaluation criteria, then
for enrol ment. (§2308(c)(2))
offer, and (6) effect of priority resource concerns when transitioning from CRP to agricultural production. (16 U.S.C. 3838f(b)(1))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends the application ranking criteria to include (1) the conservation benefits on all applicable priority resource concerns at the time of application, (2) the degree of proposed increased conservation benefits, and (3) other consistent criteria, as determined by the Secretary. Requires that similarly ranked applications be determined based on the cost-effectiveness of the offer. (§2203(1))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§2308(c)(1))
|
After a producer is determined eligible for CSP and the contract offer ranks high enough under the evaluation criteria, then a conservation stewardship contract is offered to enroll enrol the eligible land into CSP. (16 U.S.C. 3838f(c))
Contract renewal. CSP contracts may
No comparable provision.
Increases the renewal threshold
Similar to the Senate provision with
be renewed for an additional five years if
requiring the adoption of new or
amendments. Specifies that contract
the producer is in compliance with the
improved conservation activities that
renewals may be offered in the first
expiring contract and agrees, at a
can demonstrate continued
half of the fifth year. (§2308(c)(4))
minimum, to meet or exceed the
improvement on the entire operation
stewardship threshold for at least two
for the additional five-year period. The
additional priority resource concerns, or
producer must also agree, at a
exceed the stewardship threshold of two
minimum, to meet or exceed the
existing priority resource concerns. (16
stewardship threshold for at least two
U.S.C. 3838f(e))
the eligible land into CSP. (16 U.S.C. 3838f(c))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends contracting language to include contract renewals as eligible for enrollment. (§2308(c)(2))
|
Contract renewal. CSP contracts may be renewed for an additional five years if the producer is in compliance with the expiring contract and agrees, at a minimum, to meet or exceed the stewardship threshold for at least two additional priority resource concerns, or exceed the stewardship threshold of two existing priority resource concerns. (16 U.S.C. 3838f(e))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Increases the renewal threshold requiring the adoption of new or improved conservation activities that can demonstrate continued improvement on the entire operation for the additional five-year period. The producer must also agree, at a minimum, to meet or exceed the stewardship threshold for at least two additional priority resource concerns, or adopt or improve at least two existing priority resource concerns. (§2203(2))
Acreage enrollment limitation. Total
No comparable provision.
Amends the acreage enrol ment
Deletes acreage limitation and national
acreage enrol ment is limited to 10 mil ion
limitation to begin on the date of
average payment rate. Makes
CRS-110
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
acres annually between February 7, 2014
enactment and end on September 30,
conforming amendments limiting the
and September 30, 2028. Requires a
2028. Lowers the annual acreage
program to a funding amount rather
national average rate of $18 per acre (to
enrol ment limit to 8,797,000.
than to an acreage total.
include all costs). (16 U.S.C. 3838g(c))
(§2204(1))
(§§2308(d)(1)-(d)(3))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Cover crop payments. Requires
Identical to Senate provision.
that payments for cover crop activities (§2308(d)(4)) existing priority resource concerns. (§2203(2))
|
Similar to the Senate provision with amendments. Specifies that contract renewals may be offered in the first half of the fifth year. (§2308(c)(4))
|
Acreage enrollment limitation. Total acreage enrollment is limited to 10 million acres annually between February 7, 2014 and September 30, 2028. Requires a national average rate of $18 per acre (to include all costs). (16 U.S.C. 3838g(c))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends the acreage enrollment limitation to begin on the date of enactment and end on September 30, 2028. Lowers the annual acreage enrollment limit to 8,797,000. (§2204(1))
|
Deletes acreage limitation and national average payment rate. Makes conforming amendments limiting the program to a funding amount rather than to an acreage total. (§§2308(d)(1)-(d)(3))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Cover crop payments. Requires that payments for cover crop activities be at least 125% of the annual payment rate. (§2204(2))
Crop rotation payments. Additional
No comparable provision.
Authorizes additional payments for
Similar to Senate provision with minor
payments are authorized for the adoption
resource-conserving crop rotations
amendments. (§2308(d)(5))
of resource-conserving crop rotations.
and advanced grazing management.
Resource-conserving crop rotation is defined
Defines advanced grazing management
and the rotation is required to provide a
and requires that payments for these
conservation and production benefit. (16
additional payments be at least 150%
U.S.C. 3838g(e))
payment rate. (§2204(2))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§2308(d)(4))
|
Crop rotation payments. Additional payments are authorized for the adoption of resource-conserving crop rotations. Resource-conserving crop rotation is defined and the rotation is required to provide a conservation and production benefit. (16 U.S.C. 3838g(e))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Authorizes additional payments for resource-conserving crop rotations and advanced grazing management. Defines advanced grazing management and requires that payments for these additional payments be at least 150% of the annual payment rate. (§2204(3))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Comprehensive conservation
Similar to Senate provision with minor
plans.(§2204(3))
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§2308(d)(5))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Comprehensive conservation plans. Adds a new provision Adds a new provision
amendments. (§2308(d)(6))
authorizing a one-time payment for the development of a comprehensive conservation plan. (§2204(5))
Payment limit. CSP payments are limited No comparable provision.
Extends the payment limit aggregate of Similar to Senate provision with minor
to a total of $200,000 for all contracts
$200,000 for all CSP contracts
amendments. (§2308(d)(7))
entered into between FY2014 through
between FY2019 and FY2023.
FY2023. (16 U.S.C. 3838g(f))
(§2204(6))
Organic certification. USDA is required
No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to allocate CSP
Similar to Senate provision with minor
to establish transparent means by which
funding to states to support organic
amendments. (§2308(d)(8))
CSP participants may initiate organic
transition and production. Allocations
certification under the Organic Foods
must be based on the number of
conservation plan. (§2204(5))
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§2308(d)(6))
|
Payment limit. CSP payments are limited to a total of $200,000 for all contracts entered into between FY2014 through FY2023. (16 U.S.C. 3838g(f))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Extends the payment limit aggregate of $200,000 for all CSP contracts between FY2019 and FY2023. (§2204(6))
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§2308(d)(7))
|
Organic certification. USDA is required to establish transparent means by which CSP participants may initiate organic certification under the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6501 et Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6501 et
organic operations and organic acres
seq.). (16 U.S.C. 3838g(h))
within a state. (§2204(7))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Additional CSP requirements.
Similar to Senate provision with minor
Requires that USDA streamline and
amendments. (§2308(d)(9))
coordinate CSP and EQIP. Requires
CRS-111
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
seq.). (16 U.S.C. 3838g(h))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires USDA to allocate CSP funding to states to support organic transition and production. Allocations must be based on the number of organic operations and organic acres within a state. (§2204(7))
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§2308(d)(8))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Additional CSP requirements. Requires that USDA streamline and coordinate CSP and EQIP. Requires USDA to manage CSP to enhance soil health. Requires annual reports on the program. (§2204(8))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
program. (§2204(8))
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§2308(d)(9))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Grassland Conservation Initiative. Creates a new grassland conservation contract. One sign-up is to be held in FY2019. Contracts are limited to five years, with no renewal, but can be terminated at any time with no repayment penalty. Payments are limited to $18 per acre. (§2309)
Other Conservation Programs
Watershed Protection and Flood
No comparable provision.
Waives the 250,000-acre limit for
Similar to Senate provision with
Prevention (Watershed Operations).
regional drought projects. Waives the
amendments. Waives the watershed
Provides technical and financial assistance
watershed planning requirements
planning requirements when
to states and local organizations to plan
when considered unnecessary or
considered unnecessary or duplicative
and install watershed projects. Such sums
duplicative. (§2427)
but does not include the acres limit
as necessary are authorized to be
waiver for drought projects.
appropriated for the program. No
(§2401(a))
are limited to $18 per acre. (§2309)
|
Other Conservation Programs
|
Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention (Watershed Operations). Provides technical and financial assistance to states and local organizations to plan and install watershed projects. Such sums as necessary are authorized to be appropriated for the program. No watershed project may exceed 250,000 acres, and no structure may exceed more than 12,500 acre-feet of floodwater detention capacity, or 25,000 acre-feet of total capacity. Assistance is provided according to a plan. (16 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.)
No comparable provision.
Adds a new section authorizing $100
Limits and sunsets authorization for
Adds a new section permanently
mil ion annually in mandatory funding
appropriation to $200 mil ion annually
authorizing $50 mil ion in mandatory
between FY2019 and FY2023 to remain
from FY2019 through FY2023.
funding annually beginning in FY2019.
available until expended. (§2404(b))
(§2415)
(§2401(c))
Small Watershed Rehabilitation
Extends annual authorization of
Extends and decreases annual
Identical to House provision.
Program. Authorizes appropriations of
appropriations of $85 mil ion annually
authorization of appropriations to $20 (§2401(b))
up to $85 mil ion annually for FY2008-
through FY2023. (§2404(a))
mil ion annually through FY2023.
FY2018 and $250 mil ion in mandatory
(§2416)
CRS-112
link to page 320
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
seq.)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Waives the 250,000-acre limit for regional drought projects. Waives the watershed planning requirements when considered unnecessary or duplicative. (§2427)
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Waives the watershed planning requirements when considered unnecessary or duplicative but does not include the acres limit waiver for drought projects. (§2401(a))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds a new section authorizing $100 million annually in mandatory funding between FY2019 and FY2023 to remain available until expended. (§2404(b))
|
Limits and sunsets authorization for appropriation to $200 million annually from FY2019 through FY2023. (§2415)
|
Adds a new section permanently authorizing $50 million in mandatory funding annually beginning in FY2019. (§2401(c))
|
Small Watershed Rehabilitation Program. Authorizes appropriations of up to $85 million annually for FY2008-FY2018 and $250 million in mandatory funding for FY2014 to remain available until expended. (16 U.S.C. 1012(h)(2)(E))
Soil and Water Resources
Amends the RCA to require USDA to
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision with
Conservation Act of 1977 (RCA). The
conduct two comprehensive appraisals
amendments. Extends original RCA
RCA provides USDA with broad natural
of soil, water, and related natural
with varying completion dates. Does
resource strategic assessment and planning
resources (completed by year-end
not include requirement for two new
authority. USDA is required to conduct a
2022). Adds a new requirement for
appraisals. (§2402)
nationwide appraisal of soil, water, and
assessing and monitoring USDA
related resources. USDA is also required
programs and initiatives and their
to develop a national conservation program
progress in reaching natural resource
to guide the department’s administration of and environmental objectives. Requires a conservation activities. Appraisals and
report in the third fiscal year after
program statements are due to Congress
enactment, and periodically thereafter.
on a fixed schedule. (16 U.S.C. 2001 et
expended. (16 U.S.C. 1012(h)(2)(E))
|
Extends annual authorization of appropriations of $85 million annually through FY2023. (§2404(a))
|
Extends and decreases annual authorization of appropriations to $20 million annually through FY2023. (§2416)
|
Identical to House provision. (§2401(b))
|
Soil and Water Resources Conservation Act of 1977 (RCA). The RCA provides USDA with broad natural resource strategic assessment and planning authority. USDA is required to conduct a nationwide appraisal of soil, water, and related resources. USDA is also required to develop a national conservation program to guide the department's administration of conservation activities. Appraisals and program statements are due to Congress on a fixed schedule. (16 U.S.C. 2001 et seq.)
|
Amends the RCA to require USDA to conduct two comprehensive appraisals of soil, water, and related natural resources (completed by year-end 2022). Adds a new requirement for assessing and monitoring USDA programs and initiatives and their progress in reaching natural resource and environmental objectives. Requires a report in the third fiscal year after enactment, and periodically thereafter. Authorizes appropriations equal to 1% Authorizes appropriations equal to 1%
seq.)
of all mandatory conservation program funding (excluding CRP). (§2408)
Emergency Conservation Program
Adds a reference to wildfires in a list of
Similar to House provision, except for
Similar to Senate provision with minor
(ECP). Provides emergency funding and
natural disasters. Adds a new provision
the provision of advanced payment,
amendments. (§§2403(a)&(b))
technical assistance to producers to
allowing producers repairing or replacing which limits advanced payments to
rehabilitate farmland damaged by natural
damaged fences the option of accepting
25% of the total payment and requires
disasters. (16 U.S.C. 2201) Payments are
payment (percentage of the fair market
that funds not expended after 60 days
made to individual producers based on a
value of the cost) before repairing or
be returned. Amendments are in the
share of the cost of completing the
replacing the fence rather than fol owing
Miscellaneous title, See Table 16.
practice. This can be up to 75% of the cost
the completion and inspection of the
(§12614)
or up to 90% of the cost if the producer is
practice. Adds a new section similar to
considered to be a limited-resources
existing regulations limiting the cost-
producer. Total payments may not exceed
share to 75% of the total allowable cost
50% of the agricultural value of the affected or up to 90% of the total allowable cost land. Payments are made fol owing
if the producer is considered limited
completion and inspection of the practice.
resource, socially disadvantaged, or
(7 C.F.R. 701.126)
funding (excluding CRP). (§2408)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision with amendments. Extends original RCA with varying completion dates. Does not include requirement for two new appraisals. (§2402)
|
Emergency Conservation Program (ECP). Provides emergency funding and technical assistance to producers to rehabilitate farmland damaged by natural disasters. (16 U.S.C. 2201) Payments are made to individual producers based on a share of the cost of completing the practice. This can be up to 75% of the cost or up to 90% of the cost if the producer is considered to be a limited-resources producer. Total payments may not exceed 50% of the agricultural value of the affected land. Payments are made following completion and inspection of the practice. (7 C.F.R. 701.126)
|
Adds a reference to wildfires in a list of natural disasters. Adds a new provision allowing producers repairing or replacing damaged fences the option of accepting payment (percentage of the fair market value of the cost) before repairing or replacing the fence rather than following the completion and inspection of the practice. Adds a new section similar to existing regulations limiting the cost-share to 75% of the total allowable cost or up to 90% of the total allowable cost if the producer is considered limited resource, socially disadvantaged, or beginning farmer or rancher. Requires that total payments for a single event may not exceed 50% the agricultural; value of the land. (§2406)
CRS-113
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Adds an ECP payment limitation of
Similar to Senate provision with minor
$500,000 for agricultural producers.
amendments. (§2403(c))
(§2414(b))
Emergency Watershed Protection
No comparable provision.
Amends funding authority to include a
Similar to Senate provision with minor
(EWP) program. Assists sponsors,
set-aside of 25% of all available funding
amendments. (§§2403(d)&(e))
landowners, and operators in implementing
to repair and replace fencing.
emergency recovery measures for runoff
(§2414(c))
value of the land. (§2406)
|
Similar to House provision, except for the provision of advanced payment, which limits advanced payments to 25% of the total payment and requires that funds not expended after 60 days be returned. Amendments are in the Miscellaneous title, See Table 16. (§12614)
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§§2403(a)&(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds an ECP payment limitation of $500,000 for agricultural producers. (§2414(b))
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§2403(c))
|
Emergency Watershed Protection (EWP) program. Assists sponsors, landowners, and operators in implementing emergency recovery measures for runoff retardation and erosion prevention to relieve imminent hazards to life and property created by natural disasters. EWP is authorized to be appropriated such sums as necessary, to remain available until expended. Facilities, services and authorities of the CCC may be used when funding is specifically appropriated. (16 U.S.C. 2204)
Conservation of Private Grazing
Extends authorization of appropriations
Similar to House provision but adds a
Identical to Senate provision. (§2404)
Land Program. Authorizes
at $60 mil ion annually through FY2023.
provision requiring education and
appropriations of $60 mil ion annually
(§2401)
outreach through partnership with
through FY2018. (16 U.S.C. 3839bb(e))
land-grant col egesU.S.C. 2204)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends funding authority to include a set-aside of 25% of all available funding to repair and replace fencing. (§2414(c))
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§§2403(d)&(e))
|
Conservation of Private Grazing Land Program. Authorizes appropriations of $60 million annually through FY2018. (16 U.S.C. 3839bb(e))
|
Extends authorization of appropriations at $60 million annually through FY2023. (§2401)
|
Similar to House provision but adds a provision requiring education and outreach through partnership with land-grant colleges and universities and nongovernmental organizations. (§2403)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§2404)
|
Grassroots Source Water Protection Program. Authorizes appropriations of $20 million annually through FY2018 and a one-time authorization for $5 million in mandatory funding to remain available until expended. (16 U.S.C. 3839bb-2(b))
|
Extends authorization of appropriations at $20 million annually through FY2023 and authorizes an additional $5 million in mandatory funding in FY2019 to remain available until expended. (§2402)
|
Extends and increases the authorization of appropriations at $25 million annually through FY2023. Does not reauthorize mandatory funding. (§2405)
|
Identical to House provision. (§2405)
|
Voluntary Public Access and Habitat Incentive Program. Authorizes $50 million in mandatory funds for FY2009-FY2012 and $40 million in mandatory funds for FY2014-2018. (16 U.S.C. 3839bb-5(f))
|
Adds authorization for $50 million in mandatory funding for FY2019-FY2023. (§2403)
|
Amends and moves the program under EQIP. Authorizes $40 million of EQIP funding for FY2019-FY2023. (§2407)
|
Similar to House provision with amendments. Adds a $3 million set-aside to encourage public access on land covered by wetland reserve easements. (§2406)
|
No comparable provision. Under the Working Lands for Wildlife Initiative, USDA NRCS and the Department of the Interior (DOI) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), through a partnership agreement, provide voluntary targeted financial and technical assistance for wildlife
Grassroots Source Water Protection
Extends authorization of appropriations
Extends and increases the
Identical to House provision. (§2405)
Program. Authorizes appropriations of
at $20 mil ion annually through FY2023
authorization of appropriations at $25
$20 mil ion annually through FY2018 and a
and authorizes an additional $5 mil ion in mil ion annually through FY2023. Does
one-time authorization for $5 mil ion in
mandatory funding in FY2019 to remain
not reauthorize mandatory funding.
mandatory funding to remain available until
available until expended. (§2402)
(§2405)
expended. (16 U.S.C. 3839bb-2(b))
Voluntary Public Access and Habitat
Adds authorization for $50 mil ion in
Amends and moves the program
Similar to House provision with
Incentive Program. Authorizes $50
mandatory funding for FY2019-FY2023.
under EQIP. Authorizes $40 mil ion of
amendments. Adds a $3 mil ion set-
mil ion in mandatory funds for FY2009-
(§2403)
EQIP funding for FY2019-FY2023.
aside to encourage public access on
FY2012 and $40 mil ion in mandatory funds
(§2407)
land covered by wetland reserve
for FY2014-2018. (16 U.S.C. 3839bb-
easements. (§2406)
5(f))
CRS-114
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
No comparable provision. Under the
No comparable provision.
Codifies the Working Lands for
Identical to Senate provision. (§2407)
Working Lands for Wildlife Initiative,
Wildlife initiative as in effect on the
USDA NRCS and the Department of the
day before enactment. Allows for a
Interior (DOI) U.S. Fish and Wildlife
similar agreement to be developed
Service (FWS), through a partnership
between FWS and FSA. The period of
agreement, provide voluntary targeted
regulatory predictability may be
financial and technical assistance for wildlife
extended if agreed to. (§§2425(a)-
habitat improvement on private land in
(c))
habitat improvement on private land in exchange for regulatory predictability relative to the Endangered Species Act.
No directly comparable provision.
Creates a new Feral Swine
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision with minor
National Feral Swine Damage
Eradication and Control Pilot
amendments. (§2408)
Management Program. APHIS
Program. USDA is required to study
administers the program to manage
the extent of damage from feral swine,
damage caused by feral swine in the United develop eradication and control States. APHIS works with states, tribes,
measures and restoration methods, and
federal agencies, universities, organizations,
provide cost-share funding to
and the public and coordinates with
agricultural producers in established
Mexico and Canada on feral swine disease
pilot areas. NRCS and APHIS must
monitoring and control activities.
relative to the Endangered Species Act.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Codifies the Working Lands for Wildlife initiative as in effect on the day before enactment. Allows for a similar agreement to be developed between FWS and FSA. The period of regulatory predictability may be extended if agreed to. (§§2425(a)-(c))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§2407)
|
No directly comparable provision.
National Feral Swine Damage Management Program. APHIS administers the program to manage damage caused by feral swine in the United States. APHIS works with states, tribes, federal agencies, universities, organizations, and the public and coordinates with Mexico and Canada on feral swine disease monitoring and control activities.
Feral Swine Initiative. Administered by NRCS in select states through EQIP. The initiative offers planning and management practice implementation to affected landowners.
|
Creates a new Feral Swine Eradication and Control Pilot Program. USDA is required to study the extent of damage from feral swine, develop eradication and control measures and restoration methods, and provide cost-share funding to agricultural producers in established pilot areas. NRCS and APHIS must coordinate the pilot through NRCS state technical committees. Cost-share assistance is limited to 75% of the cost of eradication and control measures or restoration. Authorizes $100 million in
Feral Swine Initiative. Administered by
assistance is limited to 75% of the cost
NRCS in select states through EQIP. The
of eradication and control measures or
initiative offers planning and management
restoration. Authorizes $100 mil ion in
practice implementation to affected
mandatory funding for the period
landowners.
mandatory funding for the period FY2019-FY2023. Requires funding to be split equally between NRCS and APHIS with no more than 10% for administrative expenses. (§2405)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Report on small wetlands.
Similar to Senate provision with
Requires NRCS to submit a report to
amendments. Limits the scope of the
Congress describing the number of
report to FY2014-FY2018. (§2409)
administrative expenses. (§2405)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision with minor amendments. (§2408)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Report on small wetlands. Requires NRCS to submit a report to Congress describing the number of wetlands measuring less than one acre in size in North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, and Iowa. All wetlands included in the report must
CRS-115
link to page 320 link to page 235
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
be described in 1/10 of an acre increments and be based on available science. (§2507)
No comparable provision.
Adds a sense of Congress statement
Identical to House provision. (§2428)
Identical to House and Senate
encouraging partnerships at the
provisions. (§2410)
science. (§2507)
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Limits the scope of the report to FY2014-FY2018. (§2409)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds a sense of Congress statement encouraging partnerships at the watershed level between nonpoint sources and regulated point sources to advance the goals of the Federal Water PollutionPol ution Control Act (Clean Water Act). (§2407)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Soil testing and remediation.
No comparable provision.
Act). (§2407)
|
Identical to House provision. (§2428)
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§2410)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Soil testing and remediation. Creates a new program to assist small-scale producers with soil contaminant mitigation. USDA, in consultation with EPA, is required to create a contaminated soil testing protocol and provide technical assistance for remediation and assessment. At the request of the producer, USDA may refer the producer to EPA for additional assistance. (§2406)
Agriculture Conservation
No comparable provision.
Amends and expands the program in
Similar to Senate provision with minor
Experienced Service Program
the Miscellaneous title (see §12305 of
amendments included in the Research,
(ACES). Authorizes USDA to enter into
Table 16). Adds a sunset date on the
Extension and Related Matters title
agreements with organizations to provide
provision of October 1, 2023.
(see §7611 of Table 11). Does not
technical assistance (excludes
(§2408)
include the sunset provision.
assistance. (§2406)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Agriculture Conservation Experienced Service Program (ACES). Authorizes USDA to enter into agreements with organizations to provide technical assistance (excludes administrative tasks) using qualified individuals 55 years or older. Funding from farm bill bil conservation programs (excluding CRP) may be used to carry out the ACES program. (16 U.S.C. 3851)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Remote telemetry data system.
No comparable provision.
Requires that the use of remote telemetry data systems for irrigation scheduling be considered a best
CRS-116
link to page 265 link to page 265 link to page 265
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
management practice under EQIP. (§2409)
Healthy Forests Reserve Program
See §8107 of Table 12.
§2426.
See §8407 of Table 12.
(HFRP). See Table 12. (16 U.S.C. 6571 et seq.)
Funding and Administration
Commodity Credit Corporation
Extends the CCC authority between
Identical to House provision. Specific
Identical to House and Senate
(CCC). Authorizes the use of funds
FY2014 and FY2023. Specific funding
funding levels for programs are
provisions. Specific funding levels for
(mandatory), facilities, and authorities of
levels for programs are outlined below.
outlined below. (§2501(a)(1))
programs are outlined below.
the CCC to carry out conservation
(§2501(a)(1))
(§2501(a)(1))
programs between FY2014 and FY2018
and through FY2019 for EQIP. (16 U.S.C. 3841(a))
CRP funding. Authorizes $10 mil ion for
Extends the specific authorizations of
Extends the specific authorization of
Similar to Senate provision with
thinning activities and $33 mil ion for
$10 mil ion for thinning incentive
$11 mil ion for thinning incentive
amendments. Increases forest
transition contracts between FY2014 and
payments and $33 mil ion for transition
payments and $50 mil ion for
management thinning payments to $12
FY2018. Total funding for CRP is limited by contracts between FY2014 and FY2023.
transition contracts between FY2019
mil ion between FY2019 and FY2023.
enrol ed acres, not total dol ars. See above. (§2501(a)(1) & (a)(2))
and FY2023. Limits outreach and
Includes $50 mil ion for transition
(16 U.S.C. 3841(a)(1))
technical assistanceprogram. (16 U.S.C. 3851)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends and expands the program in the Miscellaneous title (see §12305 of Table 16). Adds a sunset date on the provision of October 1, 2023. (§2408)
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments included in the Research, Extension and Related Matters title (see §7611 of Table 11). Does not include the sunset provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Remote telemetry data system. Requires that the use of remote telemetry data systems for irrigation scheduling be considered a best management practice under EQIP. (§2409)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Healthy Forests Reserve Program (HFRP). See Table 12. (16 U.S.C. 6571 et seq.)
|
See §8107 of Table 12.
|
§2426.
|
See §8407 of Table 12.
|
Funding and Administration
|
Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC). Authorizes the use of funds (mandatory), facilities, and authorities of the CCC to carry out conservation programs between FY2014 and FY2018 and through FY2019 for EQIP. (16 U.S.C. 3841(a))
|
Extends the CCC authority between FY2014 and FY2023. Specific funding levels for programs are outlined below. (§2501(a)(1))
|
Identical to House provision. Specific funding levels for programs are outlined below. (§2501(a)(1))
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. Specific funding levels for programs are outlined below. (§2501(a)(1))
|
CRP funding. Authorizes $10 million for thinning activities and $33 million for transition contracts between FY2014 and FY2018. Total funding for CRP is limited by enrolled acres, not total dollars. See above. (16 U.S.C. 3841(a)(1))
|
Extends the specific authorizations of $10 million for thinning incentive payments and $33 million for transition contracts between FY2014 and FY2023. (§2501(a)(1) & (a)(2))
|
Extends the specific authorization of $11 million for thinning incentive payments and $50 million for transition contracts between FY2019 and FY2023. Limits outreach and technical assistance for transition contracts to $5 million. (§2501(a)(2))
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Increases forest management thinning payments to $12 million between FY2019 and FY2023. Includes $50 million for transition for transition
contracts and a $5 million limit on technical assistance. (§2501(a)(2))
|
ACEP funding. Authorizes $400 million in FY2014, $425 million in FY2015, $450 million in FY2016, $500 million in FY2017, and $250 million in FY2018. (16 U.S.C. 3841(a)(2))
|
Reauthorizes the authority for the CCC to fund ACEP for $500 million annually between FY2019 and FY2023. (§2501(a)(3))
|
Reauthorizes the authority for the CCC to fund ACEP for $400 million annually in FY2019 through FY2021, $425 million in FY2022, and $450 million in FY2023. (§2501(a)(3))
|
Similar to House provision with amendments. Reduces ACEP funding to $450 million annually between FY2019 and FY2023. (§2501(a)(3))
|
Conservation Security Program funding. Authorizes contracts (enrolled prior to FY2009) with such sums as necessary. (16 U.S.C. 3841(a)(3))
|
Deletes provision. (§2501(a)(4))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§2501(a)(4))
|
CSP funding. Total funding for CSP is limited by enrolled acres, not total dollars between FY2014 and FY2018. (16 U.S.C. 3841(a)(4))
|
Authorizes the CCC to carry out CSP contracts enrolled prior to enactment. (§2501(a)(5))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Authorizes CSP to enroll contracts limited by funding rather than acres. Authorized funding includes $700 million in FY2019, $725 million in FY2020, $750 million in FY2021, $800 million in FY2022, and $1 billion in mil ion limit on
contracts to $5 mil ion.
technical assistance. (§2501(a)(2))
(§2501(a)(2))
ACEP funding. Authorizes $400 mil ion
Reauthorizes the authority for the CCC
Reauthorizes the authority for the
Similar to House provision with
in FY2014, $425 mil ion in FY2015, $450
to fund ACEP for $500 mil ion annually
CCC to fund ACEP for $400 mil ion
amendments. Reduces ACEP funding
mil ion in FY2016, $500 mil ion in FY2017,
between FY2019 and FY2023.
annually in FY2019 through FY2021,
to $450 mil ion annually between
and $250 mil ion in FY2018. (16 U.S.C.
(§2501(a)(3))
$425 mil ion in FY2022, and $450
FY2019 and FY2023. (§2501(a)(3))
3841(a)(2))
mil ion in FY2023. (§2501(a)(3))
Conservation Security Program
Deletes provision. (§2501(a)(4))
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision.
funding. Authorizes contracts (enrol ed
(§2501(a)(4))
prior to FY2009) with such sums as necessary. (16 U.S.C. 3841(a)(3))
CSP funding. Total funding for CSP is
Authorizes the CCC to carry out CSP
No comparable provision.
Authorizes CSP to enrol contracts
limited by enrol ed acres, not total dol ars
contracts enrol ed prior to enactment.
limited by funding rather than acres.
(§2501(a)(5))
Authorized funding includes $700 mil ion in FY2019, $725 mil ion in
CRS-117
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
between FY2014 and FY2018. (16 U.S.C.
FY2020, $750 mil ion in FY2021, $800
3841(a)(4))
mil ion in FY2022, and $1 bil ion in FY2023. (§2501(a)(4)) FY2023. (§2501(a)(4))
Authorizes the CCC to carry out CSP contracts enrolledenrol ed prior to enactment using such sums as necessary.
(§2501(a)(5))
(§2501(a)(5))
|
EQIP funding. Authorizes $1.35 billion in FY2014, $1.6 billion in FY2015, $1.65 billion in each FY2016 and FY2017, and $1.75 billion in each FY2018 and FY2019. (16 U.S.C. 3841(a)(5))
|
Reauthorizes the authority for the CCC to fund EQIP, including: $2 billion in FY2019, $2.5 billion in FY2020, $2.75 billion in FY2021, $2.935 billion in FY2022, and $3 billion in FY2023. (§2501(a)(6))
|
Reauthorizes the authority for the CCC to fund EQIP, including: $1.473 billion in FY2019, $1.478 billion in FY2020, $1.541 billion in FY2021, $1.571 billion in FY2022, and $1.595 billion in FY2023. (§2501(a)(4))
|
Reauthorizes the authority for the CCC to fund EQIP, including $1.75 billion in FY2019 and FY2020, $1.8 billion in FY2021, $1.85 billion in FY2022, and $2.025 billion in FY2023. (§2501(a)(4))
|
Availability of funds. Mandatory funding made available for CRP, ACEP, CSP, and EQIP between FY2014 and FY2018 (FY2019 for EQIP) are authorized to remain available until expended. (16 U.S.C. 3841(b))
|
Reauthorizes mandatory funding made available for CRP, ACEP, CSP, and EQIP between FY2019 and FY2023 to remain available until expended. (§2501(b))
|
Identical to House provision. (§2501(b))
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§2501(b))
|
Report on program enrollments and assistance. Reports are required for program enrollments and assistance under conservation programs, including significant payments, waivers, and exceptions. (16 U.S.C. 3841(i))
|
Reauthorizes reporting requirements through FY2023, adds reports on annual and current enrollment statistics, and removes references to CSP. (§2501(f))
|
Similar to House provision but does not add reports and does not remove CSP. (§2602)
|
Similar to House provision with minor amendments. (§2501(c))
|
Allocations. USDA is required to review all conservation program allocation formulas no later than January 1, 2012. Updates are required to reflect the cost of carrying out the programs. (16 U.S.C. 3841(g))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends the allocation review to require an update of all conservation program allocation formulas. (§2501(c))
|
Amends the allocation review requiring, within one year following enactment of the bill, annual allocation formulas to account for local data and input. Adds requirements for USDA bil ion in
Reauthorizes the authority for the CCC
Reauthorizes the authority for the
Reauthorizes the authority for the
FY2014, $1.6 bil ion in FY2015, $1.65
to fund EQIP, including: $2 bil ion in
CCC to fund EQIP, including: $1.473
CCC to fund EQIP, including $1.75
bil ion in each FY2016 and FY2017, and
FY2019, $2.5 bil ion in FY2020, $2.75
bil ion in FY2019, $1.478 bil ion in
bil ion in FY2019 and FY2020, $1.8
$1.75 bil ion in each FY2018 and FY2019.
bil ion in FY2021, $2.935 bil ion in
FY2020, $1.541 bil ion in FY2021,
bil ion in FY2021, $1.85 bil ion in
(16 U.S.C. 3841(a)(5))
FY2022, and $3 bil ion in FY2023.
$1.571 bil ion in FY2022, and $1.595
FY2022, and $2.025 bil ion in FY2023.
(§2501(a)(6))
bil ion in FY2023. (§2501(a)(4))
(§2501(a)(4))
Availability of funds. Mandatory funding
Reauthorizes mandatory funding made
Identical to House provision.
Identical to House and Senate
made available for CRP, ACEP, CSP, and
available for CRP, ACEP, CSP, and EQIP
(§2501(b))
provisions. (§2501(b))
EQIP between FY2014 and FY2018
between FY2019 and FY2023 to remain
(FY2019 for EQIP) are authorized to
available until expended. (§2501(b))
remain available until expended. (16 U.S.C. 3841(b))
Report on program enrollments and
Reauthorizes reporting requirements
Similar to House provision but does
Similar to House provision with minor
assistance. Reports are required for
through FY2023, adds reports on annual
not add reports and does not remove
amendments. (§2501(c))
program enrol ments and assistance under
and current enrol ment statistics, and
CSP. (§2602)
conservation programs, including significant removes references to CSP. (§2501(f)) payments, waivers, and exceptions. (16 U.S.C. 3841(i))
Allocations. USDA is required to review
No comparable provision.
Amends the allocation review to
Amends the allocation review
all conservation program allocation
require an update of all conservation
requiring, within one year fol owing
formulas no later than January 1, 2012.
program allocation formulas.
enactment of the bil , annual allocation
Updates are required to reflect the cost of
(§2501(c))
formulas to account for local data and
carrying out the programs. (16 U.S.C.
input. Adds requirements for USDA
3841(g))
to consider when updating allocation formulas. (§2501(d))
CRS-118
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Assistance to certain farmers or
Reauthorizes the EQIP set-aside through Reauthorizes the EQIP and CSP set-
Reauthorizes the EQIP and CSP set-
ranchers for conservation access.
FY2023 and deletes the reference to
asides through FY2023 and increases
asides through FY2023. Makes
Establishes an annual set-aside in EQIP and
CSP. (§2501(e))
the percentage set-aside to 15% to
technical amendments regarding the
CSP from FY2014 to FY2018—5% to
beginning farmers or ranchers and
repooling of CSP funds and preference
beginning farmers or ranchers and 5% to
15% to socially disadvantaged farmers
for veteran farmers or ranchers.
socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers.
or ranchers. (§2501(d))
(§2501(e))
Unobligated funds for EQIP and unobligated acres for CSP under this provision may be repooled and obligated in accordance with the respective program. Preference is providedformulas. (§2501(d))
|
Assistance to certain farmers or ranchers for conservation access. Establishes an annual set-aside in EQIP and CSP from FY2014 to FY2018—5% to beginning farmers or ranchers and 5% to socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers. Unobligated funds for EQIP and unobligated acres for CSP under this provision may be repooled and obligated in accordance with the respective program. Preference is provided for veteran farmers or ranchers eligible under the provision. (16 U.S.C. 3841(h))
|
Reauthorizes the EQIP set-aside through FY2023 and deletes the reference to CSP. (§2501(e))
|
Reauthorizes the EQIP and CSP set-asides through FY2023 and increases the percentage set-aside to 15% to beginning farmers or ranchers and 15% to socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers. (§2501(d))
|
Reauthorizes the EQIP and CSP set-asides through FY2023. Makes technical amendments regarding the repooling of CSP funds and preference for veteran farmers or ranchers eligible under the provision. (16 U.S.C. 3841(h))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Conservation standards.
Similar to Senate provision with
Establishes the Natural Resources
amendments. Moves elements of the
Conservation Service (NRCS) as the
local flexibility requirements to the
lead agency for developing technical
“Review of conservation practice
standards and requirements for farm
standards” section (see §2502(c)).
bil conservation programs. Requires
(§2501(f))
or ranchers. (§2501(e))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Conservation standards. Establishes the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) as the lead agency for developing technical standards and requirements for farm bill conservation programs. Requires the Farm Service Agency (FSA) to use standards consistent with NRCS. Allows local flexibility for standards and requirements. (§2501(e))
Technical assistance. USDA is required
Deletes reporting requirements.
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
to give priority to producers who request
(§2501(c))
and requirements. (§2501(e))
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Moves elements of the local flexibility requirements to the "Review of conservation practice standards" section (see §2502(c)). (§2501(f))
|
Technical assistance. USDA is required to give priority to producers who request technical assistance to comply with highly erodible land conservation (sodbuster) and wetland conservation (swampbuster) for the first time because of the changes made in the 2014 farm bill bil that tied crop insurance subsidies to compliance requirements. Requires reports to Congress related to the effect of conservation compliance on specialty crop producers and requested technical assistance. (16 U.S.C. 3841(c))
CRS-119
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Regional equity. Requires regional equity Deletes provision. (§2501(d))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
assistance. (16 U.S.C. 3841(c))
|
Deletes reporting requirements. (§2501(c))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Regional equity. Requires regional equity through proportional distribution of conservation program funds based on historical funding levels. Allows states in the first quarter of the fiscal year to establish that they can use a total of 0.6% of certain conservation funds. If established, those states may receive 0.6% of funds. (16 U.S.C. 3841(d))
Delivery of technical assistance. All
Adds a definition of third-party provider: Similar to House provision with minor
Similar to House and Senate
producers participating in conservation
a commercial entity, nonprofit entity,
amendments. (§2502(1))
provisions with minor amendments.
programs must be provided technical
state or local government, or federal
(§2502(a))
assistance either by USDA or through an
agency that has expertise in the technical
approved third party. (16 U.S.C.
aspect of conservation planning.
3842(a))
(§2502(a))
Technical service providers (TSP).
Adds an alternative certification process
TSPs may be certified through NRCS
Similar to Senate provision with
TSPs are third-party providers (individuals
for TSPs requiring the acceptance of
or a nonfederal entity approved by
amendments. Does not include
or businesses) that have technical expertise other professional certification criteria
USDA to perform the certification.
reference to the American Society of
in conservation planning and design for a
that meets or exceeds the TSP
Requires USDA to streamline the
Agronomy’s certifications. (§2502(b))
variety of conservation activities. Farmers,
certification criteria. (§2502(b))
certification process for select
ranchers, private businesses, nonprofit
specialty certification, specifically the
organizations, or public agencies hire TSPs
American Society of Agronomy’s 4R
to provide these services on behalf of
nutrient management and sustainability
NRCS. NRCS certifies and approves TSPs.
specialty certification. (§2502(2))
(16 U.S.C. 3842(e))
Review of conservation practice
No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to develop, within
Similar to Senate provision with
standards. USDA is required to
one year of enactment, an
amendments. Adds local flexibility in
periodically review all conservation
administrative process to expedite the
the creation of interim practice
practice standards. USDA must consult
revision of conservation practice
standards and partner-proposed
with local interest and expedite required
standards and consideration of
techniques. Also adds state technical
revisions. (16 U.S.C. 3842(h))
innovative conservation measures.
committee input requirement.
Requires a report to Congress every
(§2502(c))
two years on the process. (§2502(3))
CRS-120
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Acreage limitations. No county may
No comparable provision.
Increases the percentage limitation on
Similar to Senate provision with minor
enrol more than 25% of the cropland into
wetland reserve easements to 15%.
amendments. (§2503(a))
CRP or wetland reserve easements under
(§2503(b))
of funds. (16 U.S.C. 3841(d))
|
Deletes provision. (§2501(d))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Delivery of technical assistance. All producers participating in conservation programs must be provided technical assistance either by USDA or through an approved third party. (16 U.S.C. 3842(a))
|
Adds a definition of third-party provider: a commercial entity, nonprofit entity, state or local government, or federal agency that has expertise in the technical aspect of conservation planning. (§2502(a))
|
Similar to House provision with minor amendments. (§2502(1))
|
Similar to House and Senate provisions with minor amendments. (§2502(a))
|
Technical service providers (TSP). TSPs are third-party providers (individuals or businesses) that have technical expertise in conservation planning and design for a variety of conservation activities. Farmers, ranchers, private businesses, nonprofit organizations, or public agencies hire TSPs to provide these services on behalf of NRCS. NRCS certifies and approves TSPs. (16 U.S.C. 3842(e))
|
Adds an alternative certification process for TSPs requiring the acceptance of other professional certification criteria that meets or exceeds the TSP certification criteria. (§2502(b))
|
TSPs may be certified through NRCS or a nonfederal entity approved by USDA to perform the certification. Requires USDA to streamline the certification process for select specialty certification, specifically the American Society of Agronomy's 4R nutrient management and sustainability specialty certification. (§2502(2))
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Does not include reference to the American Society of Agronomy's certifications. (§2502(b))
|
Review of conservation practice standards. USDA is required to periodically review all conservation practice standards. USDA must consult with local interest and expedite required revisions. (16 U.S.C. 3842(h))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires USDA to develop, within one year of enactment, an administrative process to expedite the revision of conservation practice standards and consideration of innovative conservation measures. Requires a report to Congress every two years on the process. (§2502(3))
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Adds local flexibility in the creation of interim practice standards and partner-proposed techniques. Also adds state technical committee input requirement. (§2502(c))
|
Acreage limitations. No county may enroll more than 25% of the cropland into CRP or wetland reserve easements under ACEP. Not more than 10% of a county may be enrolledenrol ed as a wetland reserve easement under ACEP. In select situations, USDA may waive this limitation. (16 U.S.C. 3844(f))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Review of practice costs and
Similar to Senate provision with
payment rates. Under EQIP, a new
amendments. Adds a new section
section requires review and guidance,
requiring review and guidance, within
within a year of enactment, on the
a year of enactment, on the cost
cost effectiveness of cost-share rates
effectiveness of cost-share rates and
and the flexibility of conservation
payment rates for all farm bil
practice standards. (§2303(3)(B))
conservation programs. (§2503(b))
Funding for Indian tribes. USDA may
No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to use alternative
Similar to Senate provision with
use alternative funding arrangements with
funding arrangements with Indian
amendments. Adds the requirements
Indian tribes for CSP and EQIP contracts.
tribes for CSP and EQIP contracts.
that alternative funding arrangements
(16 U.S.C. 3844(l))
(§2503(c))
U.S.C. 3844(f))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Increases the percentage limitation on wetland reserve easements to 15%. (§2503(b))
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§2503(a))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Review of practice costs and payment rates. Under EQIP, a new section requires review and guidance, within a year of enactment, on the cost effectiveness of cost-share rates and the flexibility of conservation practice standards. (§2303(3)(B))
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Adds a new section requiring review and guidance, within a year of enactment, on the cost effectiveness of cost-share rates and payment rates for all farm bill conservation programs. (§2503(b))
|
Funding for Indian tribes. USDA may use alternative funding arrangements with Indian tribes for CSP and EQIP contracts. (16 U.S.C. 3844(l))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires USDA to use alternative funding arrangements with Indian tribes for CSP and EQIP contracts. (§2503(c))
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Adds the requirements that alternative funding arrangements for Indian tribes include a sufficient number of eligible participants and allows USDA to waive program limits if authorized under EQIP and CSP to do so. (§2503(c))
No comparable provision.
Source water protection carve-out.
Similar to House provision. Limits
Similar to House provision with
Requires USDA to encourage
applicability to CSP and EQIP.
amendments. Limits higher payments
conservation practices related to water
Incentives are subject to program
to not more than 90% of the practice
quality and quantity that protect source
limitations. Does not specify a
cost. Restricts the 10% carve-out from
waters for drinking through all farm bil
percentage carve-out of each
transferring funds between
conservation programs. Producers can
program. (§2305(e))
conservation programs. (§2503(d))
do so. (§2503(c))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Source water protection carve-out. Requires USDA to encourage conservation practices related to water quality and quantity that protect source waters for drinking through all farm bill conservation programs. Producers can receive incentives and high payments for such practices. USDA must collaborate col aborate with community water systems and NRCS state technical committees to identify local priority areas. Requires 10% of all funding for conservation programs (except CRP) be used annually
CRS-121
link to page 38 link to page 38
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
between FY2019 and FY2023. (§2503(2))
No directly comparable provisions. Most
Environmental services markets.
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision with
NRCS administered conservation
Under ACEP, adds new provision
amendments. Adds a new section
programs include a provision in regulations
preventing USDA from limiting
preventing USDA from limiting
whereby NRCS asserts o interest on any
participation in environmental services
participation in environmental services
environmental services that may be
markets. (§2603(b)(3))
markets for all farm bil conservation
marketable and produced through
programs. (§2503(e))
programs (except CRP) be used annually between FY2019 and FY2023. (§2503(2))
|
Similar to House provision. Limits applicability to CSP and EQIP. Incentives are subject to program limitations. Does not specify a percentage carve-out of each program. (§2305(e))
|
Similar to House provision with amendments. Limits higher payments to not more than 90% of the practice cost. Restricts the 10% carve-out from transferring funds between conservation programs. (§2503(d))
|
No directly comparable provisions. Most NRCS administered conservation programs include a provision in regulations whereby NRCS asserts o interest on any environmental services that may be marketable and produced through participation in a conservation program. For example, see EQIP at 7 C.F.R. 1466.36(a), ACEP at 7 C.F.R. 1468.10, and CSP at 7 C.F.R. 1470.37 (a).
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Regulatory certainty. Authorizes
Identical to Senate provision.
USDA to provide technical assistance
(§2503(f))
under the farm bil and CSP at 7 C.F.R. 1470.37 (a).
|
Environmental services markets. Under ACEP, adds new provision preventing USDA from limiting participation in environmental services markets. (§2603(b)(3))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision with amendments. Adds a new section preventing USDA from limiting participation in environmental services markets for all farm bill conservation programs. (§2503(e))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Regulatory certainty. Authorizes USDA to provide technical assistance under the farm bill conservation programs to support regulatory assurances for producers and landowners, under select conditions. (§2425(d))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§2503(f))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Transition provisions. Allows USDA to carry out CRP, EQIP, CSP, ACEP, and RCPP using funding, regulations, and policies in effect before enactment, consistent with amendments made in the billbil , until September 30, 2019. (§2504)
Administrative requirements for
Deletes provision and adds a similar
Similar to House provision. Retains
Similar to House provision with
conservation programs. Stipulates that
provision to Section 1611 of the
the provision in the conservation title,
amendments (see Table 5). Further
select federal grant financial reporting
September 30, 2019. (§2504)
|
Administrative requirements for conservation programs. Stipulates that select federal grant financial reporting requirements for producers (defined as producers and landowners eligible to participate in any USDA conservation program) should not apply to NRCS conservation programs. (16 U.S.C. 3844(m)).
|
Deletes provision and adds a similar provision to Section 1611 of the Commodities title (see Table 5), which
but expands the exemption to all
defines exempted producer as an
requirements for producers (defined as
expands the federal grant financial
USDA commodity and conservation
eligible entity that participates in a
producers and landowners eligible to
reporting requirement exemption for
programs administered by the Farm
farm bil conservation program, an
participate in any USDA conservation
NRCS conservation programs to all
Service Agency and the NRCS.
indemnity or disease control program,
program) should not apply to NRCS
USDA commodity and conservation
(§2503(d))
or a Title I commodity program
conservation programs. (16 U.S.C.
programs administered by the Farm
(excluding cotton) that is administered
3844(m)).
, which expands the federal grant financial reporting requirement exemption for NRCS conservation programs to all USDA commodity and conservation programs administered by the Farm Service Agency and the NRCS. (§2503(1))
|
Similar to House provision. Retains the provision in the conservation title, but expands the exemption to all USDA commodity and conservation programs administered by the Farm Service Agency and the NRCS. (§2503(d))
|
Similar to House provision with amendments (see Table 5). Further defines exempted producer as an eligible entity that participates in a farm bill conservation program, an indemnity or disease control program, or a Title I commodity program (excluding cotton) that is administered by NRCS, APHIS, and FSA. (§1707)
|
Incentives for certain producers. USDA may provide additional incentives through farm bill §1707)
CRS-122
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Service Agency and the NRCS. (§2503(1))
Incentives for certain producers.
No comparable provision.
Adds acequias to the list of farmers
No comparable provision.
USDA may provide additional incentives
and ranchers eligible for additional
through farm bil conservation programs
incentives. (§2503(a))
conservation programs for certain farmers and ranchers, including beginning, socially disadvantaged, limited resource, and veteran farmers or ranchers, and Indian tribes. (16 U.S.C. 3844(a))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision
Acequias payments. Waives the
No comparable provision.
and Indian tribes. (16 U.S.C. 3844(a))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds acequias to the list of farmers and ranchers eligible for additional incentives. (§2503(a))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision
|
Acequias payments. Waives the adjusted gross income (AGI) requirement and payment limits under EQIP for contracts with acequias. If a waiver is granted, USDA must impose a separate payment limitation to the contract. (§2503(f))
Twenty seven terms are defined under the
No comparable provision.
Adds a definition of acequia as a
No comparable provision.
conservation title of the Food Security Act
political subdivision of a state
of 1985: agricultural commodity, beginning
organized for the purpose of managing
farmer or rancher, conservation plan,
operations of irrigation ditches and
conservation system, conservation district, cost
which cannot impose taxes or levies.
sharing payment, converted wetland, farm,
Adds acequias to the list of land
field, highly erodible cropland, highly erodible
considered to be nonindustrial private
land, hydric soils, hydrophytic vegetation,
forest land. (§2504)
contract. (§2503(f))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Twenty seven terms are defined under the conservation title of the Food Security Act of 1985: agricultural commodity, beginning farmer or rancher, conservation plan, conservation system, conservation district, cost sharing payment, converted wetland, farm, field, highly erodible cropland, highly erodible land, hydric soils, hydrophytic vegetation, Indian tribe, in-kind commodities, integrated pest management, livestock, nonindustrial private forest land, person and legal entity, rental payment, Secretary, shelterbelt, socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher, state, technical assistance, vegetative cover, and wetland. Definitions apply to all conservation programs within the Food Security Act of 1985. (16 U.S.C. 3801)
Water Bank Program. Offers 10-year,
No comparable provision.
Amends funding authorization to $5
No comparable provision.
nonrenewable rental agreements to
mil ion annually between FY2019
landowners in Minnesota, North Dakota,
CRS-123
link to page 320
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
and South Dakota to maintain wetlands in
through FY2023, to remain available
lieu of draining the land for agricultural
until expended. (§2505)
Security Act of 1985. (16 U.S.C. 3801)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds a definition of acequia as a political subdivision of a state organized for the purpose of managing operations of irrigation ditches and which cannot impose taxes or levies. Adds acequias to the list of land considered to be nonindustrial private forest land. (§2504)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Water Bank Program. Offers 10-year, nonrenewable rental agreements to landowners in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota to maintain wetlands in lieu of draining the land for agricultural production. The program is authorized to be appropriated such sums as necessary without fiscal year limitation. Annual payments to landowners are limited to $30 millionmil ion. No more than 15% of authorized funding may be used for agreements in any one state. (16 U.S.C. 1310)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Report on land access, tenure,
Moves provision to §12607 (see
and transition. Requires USDA,
Table 16) and adopts portions of the
within one year of enactment, to
House bil ’s §7604 and Senate bil ’s
report on barriers to farmland
§2506 and §12625.
one state. (16 U.S.C. 1310)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends funding authorization to $5 million annually between FY2019 through FY2023, to remain available until expended. (§2505)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Report on land access, tenure, and transition. Requires USDA, within one year of enactment, to report on barriers to farmland acquisition, how federal programs improve access to farmland, and required changes to improve access. (§2506)
Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP)
Establishment and purpose. ACEP
Amends the purpose of ACEP
Similar to House provision. Amends
Identical to House provision. (§2601)
provides financial and technical assistance
agricultural land easements by adding
the purpose of ACEP agricultural land
through two types of easements:
that the purpose of protecting
easements by adding that the purpose
agricultural land easements that limit
agricultural use by limiting
of protecting agricultural use by
nonagricultural uses on productive farm or
nonagricultural uses applies specifically
limiting nonagricultural uses applies
grasslands and wetland reserve easements
for those uses that negatively affect
specifically for those uses that
that protect and restore wetlands. (16
agricultural uses and conservation values. negatively affect agricultural uses and
U.S.C. 3865)
For grasslands, the purpose is amended
conservation values. Does not amend
from protecting grasslands by restoring
grasslands purpose. (§2410(a))
required changes to improve access. (§2506)
|
Moves provision to §12607 (see Table 16) and adopts portions of the House bill's §7604 and Senate bill's §2506 and §12625.
|
Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP)
|
Establishment and purpose. ACEP provides financial and technical assistance through two types of easements: agricultural land easements that limit nonagricultural uses on productive farm or grasslands and wetland reserve easements that protect and restore wetlands. (16 U.S.C. 3865)
|
Amends the purpose of ACEP agricultural land easements by adding that the purpose of protecting agricultural use by limiting nonagricultural uses applies specifically for those uses that negatively affect agricultural uses and conservation values. For grasslands, the purpose is amended from protecting grasslands by restoring and conserving land to restoring or conserving land. (§2601)
|
Similar to House provision. Amends the purpose of ACEP agricultural land easements by adding that the purpose of protecting agricultural use by limiting nonagricultural uses applies specifically for those uses that negatively affect agricultural uses and conservation values. Does not amend grasslands purpose. (§2410(a))
|
Identical to House provision. (§2601)
|
Definitions. Five terms are defined under ACEP: agricultural land easement, eligible entity, eligible land, program, and wetland reserve easement.
Agricultural land easement is defined as an easement that protects the natural resources and the agricultural nature of the land while maintaining production.
Eligible entity is defined as a state or local government, Indian tribe, or conservation organization.
Eligible land is defined separately for agricultural land easements and wetland reserve easements. Agricultural land easements include land with a pending easement offer; with prime, unique, or productive soils; that contains historical or archaeological resources; that would protect grazing uses; that furthers a similar state or local policy; that is cropland, rangeland, grassland, area historically dominated by grassland, pastureland, or nonindustrial private forest land. Wetland reserve easements include farmed or converted wetlands; cropland or grassland that has prior flooding from a closed basin lake or pothole if the state or other entity is willing to provide a 50% cost-share of the easement; wetlands that are enrolled in the CRP, have high wetland functions, and are likely to return to production after CRP; riparian areas that link protected wetlands; and wetlands determined by USDA to be significant. (16 U.S.C. 3865a)
|
Amends the definition of agricultural land easement by removing the requirement that landowners farm according to an approved agricultural easement plan.
Amends the definition of eligible land. Increases the percentage of nonindustrial private forest land that may be enrolled in an agricultural land easement to 100%. Removes the requirement under wetland reserve easements that USDA consult with the Department of the Interior on the wildlife benefits and wetland functions and values.
Adds a definition for monitoring report for agricultural land easements. (§2602)
|
Amends the definition of agricultural land easement by removing the requirement that landowners farm according to an approved agricultural easement plan.
Amends the definition of eligible entity by adding acequias.
Amends the definition of eligible land to include land owned by an organization, subject to the timely transfer of ownership to a farmer or rancher following the acquisition of the agricultural land easement. (§2410(b))
|
Amends the definition of agricultural land easement similar to House and Senate provisions.
Adds a definition for buy-protect-sell transaction, which allows land owned by an organization to be eligible for the program, subject to the transfer of ownership to a farmer or rancher within three years following the acquisition of the agricultural land easement.
Amends the definition of eligible land to include reference to a buy-protect-sell transaction and removes the requirement under wetland reserve easements that USDA consult with the Department of the Interior on the wildlife benefits and wetland functions and values.
Adds definition of monitoring report similar to House provision with minor amendments.
Does not amend eligible entity. (§2602)
|
Agricultural land easements. ACEP funds are provided for the purchase of agricultural land easements by eligible entities and for technical assistance pursuant to an agricultural land easement plan. (16 U.S.C. 3565b(a))
|
Deletes the requirement that technical assistance be used pursuant to an agricultural land easement plan and instead be used to implement the program. (§2603(a))
|
Requires USDA to facilitate and implement the program, including technical assistance. (§2410(c)(1))
|
Similar to House provision with amendments. Makes buy-protect-sell transactions eligible for funding. (§2603(a))
|
Eligible entities are required to provide contributions equivalent to the federal share or at least 50% of the federal share if the entity includes contributions from the private landowner. Grasslands of special environmental significance are allowed up to 75% of the fair market for the federal share. USDA is authorized to waive any portion of the eligible entity cash contribution requirement for projects of special significance subject to an increase of private landowner donation equal to the amount of the waiver if donation is voluntary. (16 U.S.C. 3865b(b)(2)(B) & (b)(2)(C))
|
Amends the nonfederal share of agricultural land easements. Removes the requirement that an eligible entity's contribution be equal to the federal share or at least 50% of the federal share if the entity includes contributions from the private landowner. Allows the eligible entity to use cash contributions, landowner contributions, or other non-USDA federal funding. Deletes the exception authority for USDA to waive an eligible entity's cash contribution for projects of special significance. (§2603(b)(1))
|
Similar to House provision. Amends the nonfederal share of agricultural land easements, but not the exception authority. (§2410(c)(2)(A) & (c)(2)(B))
|
Similar to House provision with amendments, including allowing the nonfederal portion used by the eligible entity to be cash, landowner donations, costs associated with the easement, or other costs determined by USDA. (§2603(b)(1))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Definitions. Five terms are defined under
Amends the definition of agricultural land
Amends the definition of agricultural
Amends the definition of agricultural
ACEP: agricultural land easement, eligible
easement by removing the requirement
land easement by removing the
land easement similar to House and
entity, eligible land, program, and wetland
that landowners farm according to an
requirement that landowners farm
Senate provisions.
reserve easement.
approved agricultural easement plan.
according to an approved agricultural
Adds a definition for buy-protect-sell
Agricultural land easement is defined as an
Amends the definition of eligible land.
easement plan.
transaction, which allows land owned
easement that protects the natural
Increases the percentage of nonindustrial
by an organization to be eligible for
CRS-124
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
resources and the agricultural nature of
private forest land that may be enrol ed
Amends the definition of eligible entity
the program, subject to the transfer of
the land while maintaining production.
in an agricultural land easement to 100%. by adding acequias.
ownership to a farmer or rancher
Eligible entity is defined as a state or local
Removes the requirement under
Amends the definition of eligible land
within three years fol owing the
government, Indian tribe, or conservation
wetland reserve easements that USDA
to include land owned by an
acquisition of the agricultural land
organization.
consult with the Department of the
organization, subject to the timely
easement.
Interior on the wildlife benefits and
Eligible land is defined separately for
transfer of ownership to a farmer or
Amends the definition of eligible land
wetland functions and values.
agricultural land easements and wetland
rancher fol owing the acquisition of
to include reference to a buy-protect-
reserve easements. Agricultural land
Adds a definition for monitoring report for the agricultural land easement.
sell transaction and removes the
easements include land with a pending
agricultural land easements. (§2602)
(§2410(b))
requirement under wetland reserve
easement offer; with prime, unique, or
easements that USDA consult with
productive soils; that contains historical or
the Department of the Interior on the
archaeological resources; that would
wildlife benefits and wetland functions
protect grazing uses; that furthers a similar
and values.
state or local policy; that is cropland,
Adds definition of monitoring report
rangeland, grassland, area historically
similar to House provision with minor
dominated by grassland, pastureland, or
amendments.
nonindustrial private forest land. Wetland
Does not amend eligible entity.
reserve easements include farmed or
(§2602)
converted wetlands; cropland or grassland that has prior flooding from a closed basin lake or pothole if the state or other entity is wil ing to provide a 50% cost-share of the easement; wetlands that are enrol ed in the CRP, have high wetland functions, and are likely to return to production after CRP; riparian areas that link protected wetlands; and wetlands determined by USDA to be significant. (16 U.S.C. 3865a)
Agricultural land easements. ACEP
Deletes the requirement that technical
Requires USDA to facilitate and
Similar to House provision with
funds are provided for the purchase of
assistance be used pursuant to an
implement the program, including
amendments. Makes buy-protect-sell
agricultural land easements by eligible
agricultural land easement plan and
technical assistance. (§2410(c)(1))
transactions eligible for funding.
entities and for technical assistance
instead be used to implement the
(§2603(a))
pursuant to an agricultural land easement
program. (§2603(a))
plan. (16 U.S.C. 3565b(a))
CRS-125
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Eligible entities are required to provide
Amends the nonfederal share of
Similar to House provision. Amends
Similar to House provision with
contributions equivalent to the federal
agricultural land easements. Removes
the nonfederal share of agricultural
amendments, including allowing the
share or at least 50% of the federal share if
the requirement that an eligible entity’s
land easements, but not the exception
nonfederal portion used by the eligible
the entity includes contributions from the
contribution be equal to the federal
authority. (§2410(c)(2)(A) &
entity to be cash, landowner
private landowner. Grasslands of special
share or at least 50% of the federal
(c)(2)(B))
donations, costs associated with the
environmental significance are allowed up
share if the entity includes contributions
easement, or other costs determined
to 75% of the fair market for the federal
from the private landowner. Allows the
by USDA. (§2603(b)(1))
share. USDA is authorized to waive any
eligible entity to use cash contributions,
portion of the eligible entity cash
landowner contributions, or other non-
contribution requirement for projects of
USDA federal funding. Deletes the
special significance subject to an increase of exception authority for USDA to waive private landowner donation equal to the
an eligible entity’s cash contribution for
amount of the waiver if donation is
projects of special significance.
voluntary. (16 U.S.C. 3865b(b)(2)(B) &
(§2603(b)(1))
(b)(2)(C))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Adds a new cost-share assistance
No comparable provision.
Adds a new cost-share assistance requirement for eligible entities to develop an agricultural land easement plan. (§2410(c)(2)(C))
The evaluation and ranking criteria for
Adds a requirement that USDA adjust
Similar to the House provision with
Similar to House provision with minor
agricultural land easement applications is
the evaluation and ranking criteria for
minor differences.
amendmentsplan. (§2410(c)(2)(C))
|
No comparable provision.
|
The evaluation and ranking criteria for agricultural land easement applications is required to maximize the benefit of federal investment under ACEP. (16 U.S.C. 3865b(b)(3))
|
Adds a requirement that USDA adjust the evaluation and ranking criteria for geographic differences among states. (§2603(b)(2))
|
Similar to the House provision with minor differences. . (§2603(b)(2))
required to maximize the benefit of federal
geographic differences among states.
(§2410(c)(2)(D)(i))
investment under ACEP. (16 U.S.C.
(§2603(b)(2))
3865b(b)(3))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Adds a new provision allowing USDA
Similar to Senate provision with minor
to prioritize applications that maintain
amendments. (§2603(b)(2)
agricultural viability. (§2410(c)(2)(D)(ii))
ACEP agricultural land easement
Amends the minimum terms and
Amends the minimum terms and
Amends the minimum terms and
enrol ment is through eligible entities that
conditions by limiting the right of
conditions by limiting the right of
conditions by limiting the right of
enter into cooperative agreement of three
enforcement for USDA and removing
inspection and removing the
enforcement for USDA and removing
to five years in length with USDA. The
the requirement that an agricultural land
requirement that an agricultural land
the requirement that an agricultural
entities acquire easements and hold,
easement be subject to an agricultural
easement be subject to an agricultural
land easement be subject to an
monitor, manage, and enforce the
land easement plan unless the land is
land easement plan. Adds the ability
agricultural land easement plan unless
easements. Entities agree to a minimum
highly erodible. Adds new provisions
for eligible entities to add additional
the land is highly erodible. Adds the
CRS-126
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
level of terms and conditions for
al owing mineral development and
terms and conditions to an agricultural ability for eligible entities to add
agricultural land easements including the
preventing USDA from limiting
land easement. (§2410(c)(2)(E))
additional terms and conditions to an
effect of a violation. (16 U.S.C.
participation in environmental services
agricultural land easement, including
3865b(b)(4))
markets. (§2603(b)(3))
(§2410(c)(2)(D)(i))
|
Similar to House provision with minor amendments. (§2603(b)(2))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds a new provision allowing USDA to prioritize applications that maintain agricultural viability. (§2410(c)(2)(D)(ii))
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§2603(b)(2)
|
ACEP agricultural land easement enrollment is through eligible entities that enter into cooperative agreement of three to five years in length with USDA. The entities acquire easements and hold, monitor, manage, and enforce the easements. Entities agree to a minimum level of terms and conditions for agricultural land easements including the effect of a violation. (16 U.S.C. 3865b(b)(4))
|
Amends the minimum terms and conditions by limiting the right of enforcement for USDA and removing the requirement that an agricultural land easement be subject to an agricultural land easement plan unless the land is highly erodible. Adds new provisions allowing mineral development and preventing USDA from limiting participation in environmental services markets. (§2603(b)(3))
|
Amends the minimum terms and conditions by limiting the right of inspection and removing the requirement that an agricultural land easement be subject to an agricultural land easement plan. Adds the ability for eligible entities to add additional terms and conditions to an agricultural land easement. (§2410(c)(2)(E))
|
Amends the minimum terms and conditions by limiting the right of enforcement for USDA and removing the requirement that an agricultural land easement be subject to an agricultural land easement plan unless the land is highly erodible. Adds the ability for eligible entities to add additional terms and conditions to an agricultural land easement, including allowing mineral development. (§2603(b)(3))
allowing mineral development. (§2603(b)(3)) Moves and expands elements of the environmental services market participation included in the House bill bil to the "“Administrative requirements for conservation programs"” section (see §2503(e) above).
|
USDA certifies eligible entities through a
Amends the certification process to
Adds to the certification criteria for
Similar to Senate provision with minor
certification process and according to a
allow certified entities to use their own
land trusts accredited by the Land
amendments. (§2603(b)(4))
criterion. (16 U.S.C. 3865b(b)(5))
terms and conditions for agricultural
Trust Accreditation Commission with
land easements.
more than ten successful agricultural
Adds to the certification criteria for land
land easements under ACEP or
trusts accredited by the Land Trust
another easement program, and state
Accreditation Commission with more
agencies with more than ten
than five agricultural land easements
successful agricultural land easements
under ACEP. (§2603(b)(4))
USDA certifies eligible entities through a certification process and according to a criterion. (16 U.S.C. 3865b(b)(5))
|
Amends the certification process to allow certified entities to use their own terms and conditions for agricultural land easements.
Adds to the certification criteria for land trusts accredited by the Land Trust Accreditation Commission with more than five agricultural land easements under ACEP. (§2603(b)(4))
|
Adds to the certification criteria for land trusts accredited by the Land Trust Accreditation Commission with more than ten successful agricultural land easements under ACEP or another easement program, and state agencies with more than ten successful agricultural land easements under ACEP or another easement program. Allows certified entities to use their own terms and conditions for agricultural land easements. (§2410(c)(2)(F))
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§2603(b)(4))
|
USDA, if requested, may provide technical assistance for compliance with the terms
USDA, if requested, may provide technical
Deletes reference to the agricultural
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision.
assistance for compliance with the terms
land easement plan. (§2603(c))
(§2603(b)(5))
and conditions of the easements and to implement an agricultural land easement plan. (16 U.S.C. 3865b(d))
Wetland reserve easements. ACEP
No comparable provision.
Makes acequias eligible for 30-year
No comparable provision.
wetland reserve easements may enrol land
contracts. (§2410(d)(1)(A))
plan. (16 U.S.C. 3865b(d))
|
Deletes reference to the agricultural land easement plan. (§2603(c))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§2603(b)(5))
|
Wetland reserve easements. ACEP wetland reserve easements may enroll land through 30-year easements, permanent easements, or 30-year contracts for Indian tribes. (16 U.S.C. 3865c(b)(1))
CRS-127
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
When evaluating ACEP wetland reserve
No comparable provision.
Adds the ability to sequester carbon
No comparable provision.
easement applications USDA may consider
to the list of considerations that may
tribes. (16 U.S.C. 3865c(b)(1))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Makes acequias eligible for 30-year contracts. (§2410(d)(1)(A))
|
No comparable provision.
|
When evaluating ACEP wetland reserve easement applications USDA may consider (1) the benefits of obtaining the easement (1) the benefits of obtaining the easement
be used when evaluating ACEP
and removing the land from production,
wetland reserve easement
(2) the cost effectiveness of the easement,
applications. (§2410(d)(1)(B)(i))
(3) the leveraging of federal funds, and (4) other factors determined by USDA. (16 U.S.C. 3865c(b)(3)(B))
USDA is required to give priority to ACEP
No comparable provision.
Adds water quality improvement to
Similar to Senate provision with minor
wetland reserve easements based on the
the wildlife and migratory bird
amendments. (§2604(1)(A))
value of protection and enhancement of
priority. (§2410(d)(1)(B)(ii))
wildlife and migratory bird habitat. (16 U.S.C. 3865c(b)(3)(C))
ACEP wetland reserve easements may be
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Adds water management to the list of
used for compatible economic uses,
compatible economic uses. Creates a
including hunting and fishing, managed
new authorization for determining
U.S.C. 3865c(b)(3)(B))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds the ability to sequester carbon to the list of considerations that may be used when evaluating ACEP wetland reserve easement applications. (§2410(d)(1)(B)(i))
|
No comparable provision.
|
USDA is required to give priority to ACEP wetland reserve easements based on the value of protection and enhancement of wildlife and migratory bird habitat. (16 U.S.C. 3865c(b)(3)(C))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds water quality improvement to the wildlife and migratory bird priority. (§2410(d)(1)(B)(ii))
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§2604(1)(A))
|
ACEP wetland reserve easements may be used for compatible economic uses, including hunting and fishing, managed timber harvest, or periodic haying and timber harvest, or periodic haying and
compatible use requiring consultation
grazing if such uses are permitted under
with the state technical committee,
the wetland reserve easement plan. (16
consideration of land management
U.S.C. 3865c(b)(5)(C))
U.S.C. 3865c(b)(5)(C))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds water management to the list of compatible economic uses. Creates a new authorization for determining compatible use requiring consultation with the state technical committee, consideration of land management requirements, and furthering the functions and values of the easement. (§2604(1)(B))
ACEP wetland reserve easements may
Adds that a grazing management plan
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
include grazing rights if it complies with the may be used if consistent with the wetland reserve easement plan. (16
wetland reserve easement plan and is
U.S.C. 3865c(b)(5)(D)(III))
reviewed at least every five years. (§2604)
A wetland reserve easement plan is
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Amends the wetland reserve
required for all eligible land subject to a
easement plan to include management
wetland reserve easement. The plan must
and monitoring functions. Associated
include all practices and activities required
practices and activities, including
on the enrol ed land. (16 U.S.C.
repair or replacement necessary to
3865c(f))
functions and values of the easement. (§2604(1)(B))
|
ACEP wetland reserve easements may include grazing rights if it complies with the wetland reserve easement plan. (16 U.S.C. 3865c(b)(5)(D)(III))
|
Adds that a grazing management plan may be used if consistent with the wetland reserve easement plan and is reviewed at least every five years. (§2604)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
A wetland reserve easement plan is required for all eligible land subject to a wetland reserve easement. The plan must include all practices and activities required on the enrolled land. (16 U.S.C. 3865c(f))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends the wetland reserve easement plan to include management and monitoring functions. Associated practices and activities, including repair or replacement necessary to restore and maintain the functions and values of the easement, are also required. (§2604(2)(A))
CRS-128
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Adds a provision allowing for the
Similar to Senate provision with
establishment of restoration of an
amendments. Includes coordination
alternative vegetative community on
with state technical committees and
the entirety of the wetland reserve
that the vegetative community must
easement if it would benefit wildlife or
be hydrologically appropriate.
meet local resource needs.
(§2604(2)(C))
(§2410(d)(4))
Administration. Certain land is ineligible
Amends ineligible land where an ACEP
Allows easement acquisition on lands
Similar to House provision but does
for ACEP easements, including land owned
easement would be undermined to
owned by an acequia. (§2410(e)(1))
not include the on-site only
by the federal government, land owned by
consider only on-site conditions.
conditions. (§2605(1))
a state, land subject to an easement or
Amends examples from proposed rights
deed restriction, or land where an ACEP
of way to permitted rights of way.
easement would be undermined due to on- (§2605(a)) required. (§2604(2)(A))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds a provision allowing for the establishment of restoration of an alternative vegetative community on the entirety of the wetland reserve easement if it would benefit wildlife or meet local resource needs. (§2410(d)(4))
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Includes coordination with state technical committees and that the vegetative community must be hydrologically appropriate. (§2604(2)(C))
|
Administration. Certain land is ineligible for ACEP easements, including land owned by the federal government, land owned by a state, land subject to an easement or deed restriction, or land where an ACEP easement would be undermined due to on- and off-site conditions (e.g., hazardous substances, proposed or existing rights of way, infrastructure development, or adjacent land use). (16 U.S.C. 3865d(a))
USDA may subordinate, exchange, modify,
Amends the subordination, exchange,
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision with
or terminate any ACEP easement if it is in
modification, and termination
amendments. Allows subordination,
the federal government’s interest, wil
requirements by providing separate
including for utilities and energy
address a compelling public need where
criteria for modifications and
transmission services, if it wil increase
there is no alternative or further the
terminations.
or have limited negative effect on
administration of ACEP, and wil result in a
Modifications may be made if they would
conservation values, wil minimally
comparable conservation value and greater
have a neutral or increased conservation
affect acreage, and is in the public
or equivalent economic value to the
effect and are consistent with the
interest or practical administration of
United States. (16 U.S.C. 3865d(c))
original intent of the easement and
the program.
purposes of ACEP.
Exchanges and modifications may be
Terminations may be made if the current
made if there is no reasonable
land owner and easement holder agree
alternative, they would result in
and the termination would be in the
adjacent land use). (16 U.S.C. 3865d(a))
|
Amends ineligible land where an ACEP easement would be undermined to consider only on-site conditions. Amends examples from proposed rights of way to permitted rights of way. (§2605(a))
|
Allows easement acquisition on lands owned by an acequia. (§2410(e)(1))
|
Similar to House provision but does not include the on-site only conditions. (§2605(1))
|
USDA may subordinate, exchange, modify, or terminate any ACEP easement if it is in the federal government's interest, will address a compelling public need where there is no alternative or further the administration of ACEP, and will result in a comparable conservation value and greater or equivalent economic value to the United States. (16 U.S.C. 3865d(c))
|
Amends the subordination, exchange, modification, and termination requirements by providing separate criteria for modifications and terminations.
Modifications may be made if they would have a neutral or increased conservation effect and are consistent with the original intent of the easement and purposes of ACEP.
Terminations may be made if the current land owner and easement holder agree and the termination would be in the public interest. (§2605(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision with amendments. Allows subordination, including for utilities and energy transmission services, if it will increase or have limited negative effect on conservation values, will minimally affect acreage, and is in the public interest or practical administration of the program.
Exchanges and modifications may be made if there is no reasonable alternative, they would result in increased conservation effect, and increased conservation effect, and
public interest. (§2605(b))
they are consistent with the original intent of the easement and purposes of ACEP.
Requires compensation for the termination of any easement.
CRS-129
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Adds a consent requirement for any subordination, exchange, modification, or termination. (§2605(2))
|
A CRP contract may be terminated or
No comparable provision.
Limits the CRP transfer option to
Similar to Senate provision with minor
modified if the land is transferred into
enrol ment of an ACEP wetland
amendments. (§2605(3))
ACEP. (16 U.S.C. 3865d(d))
A CRP contract may be terminated or modified if the land is transferred into ACEP. (16 U.S.C. 3865d(d))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Limits the CRP transfer option to enrollment of an ACEP wetland reserve easement. Adds a new provision allowing land with an ACEP agricultural land easement to participate in CRP. (§2410(e)(2))
No comparable provision.
Waives the Adjusted Gross Income
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
(AGI) limitation for ACEP landowners. (§2605(c))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Conservation easement
No comparable provision.
participate in CRP. (§2410(e)(2))
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§2605(3))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Waives the Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) limitation for ACEP landowners. (§2605(c))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Conservation easement modification. Adds a provision outlining requirements for modifying a wetland reserve easement under ACEP. Allows for the landowner to request the modification of an easement if it is jointly agreed to by the state technical committee and the relevant state department of natural resources, or is exchanged for land of equal or greater conservation value. The modification is required to facilitate administration of the easement and not adversely affect the functions and values of the easement as established. The modification cannot result in a net loss of wetland reserve easement acres or an increase in payments to any party. The party requesting the modification is responsible for all costs associated with the modification. (§2429)
CRS-130
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP)
Establishment and purpose. Establishes No comparable provision.
Expands the establishment of RCPP to
Similar to Senate provision with
the RCPP. Combines the purposes of four
include grant agreements with eligible
amendments. Does not include
repealed conservation programs to further
partners. The purpose of RCPP is
advancement of conservation and
conservation, restoration, and sustainability
expanded to include the flexible
rural development goals. (§2701)
on a regional or watershed scale, and
delivery of conservation assistance,
encourage partners to cooperate with
the coordination of conservation
producers in meeting or avoiding
partnership projects, the engagement
regulatory requirements and implementing
of eligible producers, and the
projects. (16 U.S.C. 3871)
with the modification. (§2429)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP)
|
Establishment and purpose. Establishes the RCPP. Combines the purposes of four repealed conservation programs to further conservation, restoration, and sustainability on a regional or watershed scale, and encourage partners to cooperate with producers in meeting or avoiding regulatory requirements and implementing projects. (16 U.S.C. 3871)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Expands the establishment of RCPP to include grant agreements with eligible partners. The purpose of RCPP is expanded to include the flexible delivery of conservation assistance, the coordination of conservation partnership projects, the engagement of eligible producers, and the advancement of conservation and rural development goals. (§2411(a))
Definitions. Six terms are defined under
Amends the definition of covered program Amends the definition of covered
Similar to House and Senate
RCPP: covered program, eligible activity,
by adding CRP and Watershed
program by adding CRP and
provisions with amendments.
eligible land, eligible partner, partnership
Protection and Flood Prevention
Watershed Protection and Flood
Amends the definition of covered
agreement, and program.
operations and removing CSP.
Prevention.
program by adding CRP and
Covered program is defined as ACEP, EQIP,
Amends the definition of eligible activity
Replaces the definition of eligible
Watershed Protection and Flood
CSP, and HFRP.
by adding resource-conserving crop
activity by including all activities under
Prevention operations and by
Eligible activity is defined as activities for
rotations and protection of source
the statutory authority of the covered
excluding the grasslands initiative
water quality and quantity improvement,
waters for drinking water. (§2701)
programs and any other related
under CSP and the watershed
drought mitigation, flood prevention, water
activities, including source water
rehabilitation program.
retention, air quality improvement, habitat
protection for drinking water, soil
Replaces the definition of eligible
conservation, erosion control and
health, or drought resilience.
activity to include any practice, activity
sediment reduction, forest restoration, and
Replaces the definition of eligible land
agreement, easement, or related
others defined by USDA.
by including all land eligible under the
measure under a covered program.
Eligible land is defined as land on which
statutory authority of the covered
Replaces the definition of eligible land
agricultural commodities, livestock, or
programs and other land as
by including all agricultural,
forest-related products are produced,
determined by the Secretary.
nonindustrial private forest, or other
including cropland, grassland, rangeland,
Adds acequia, conservation districts,
associated land that would achieve a
pastureland, nonindustrial private forest
and eligible entities under ACEP to
conservation benefit.
land, and other incidental land.
the definition of eligible partner.
Adds acequia, conservation districts,
Eligible partner is defined as producer
Adds a definition of eligible producer to
and eligible entities under ACEP to
groups, state or local governments, Indian
mean a person, legal entity, or Indian
the definition of eligible partner.
tribes, farmer cooperatives, water district,
rural development goals. (§2411(a))
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Does not include advancement of conservation and rural development goals. (§2701)
|
Definitions. Six terms are defined under RCPP: covered program, eligible activity, eligible land, eligible partner, partnership agreement, and program.
Covered program is defined as ACEP, EQIP, CSP, and HFRP.
Eligible activity is defined as activities for water quality and quantity improvement, drought mitigation, flood prevention, water retention, air quality improvement, habitat conservation, erosion control and sediment reduction, forest restoration, and others defined by USDA.
Eligible land is defined as land on which agricultural commodities, livestock, or forest-related products are produced, including cropland, grassland, rangeland, pastureland, nonindustrial private forest land, and other incidental land.
Eligible partner is defined as producer groups, state or local governments, Indian tribes, farmer cooperatives, water district, irrigation district, rural water district or association, municipal water or waste treatment entity, institutes of higher education, and other nongovernmental entity or organizations with a history of working with producers on conservation projects. (16 U.S.C. 3871a)
|
Amends the definition of covered program by adding CRP and Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention operations and removing CSP.
Amends the definition of eligible activity by adding resource-conserving crop rotations and protection of source waters for drinking water. (§2701)
|
Amends the definition of covered program by adding CRP and Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention.
Replaces the definition of eligible activity by including all activities under the statutory authority of the covered programs and any other related activities, including source water protection for drinking water, soil health, or drought resilience.
Replaces the definition of eligible land by including all land eligible under the statutory authority of the covered programs and other land as determined by the Secretary.
Adds acequia, conservation districts, and eligible entities under ACEP to the definition of eligible partner.
Adds a definition of eligible producer to mean a person, legal entity, or Indian tribe that owns or operates the land.
tribe that owns or operates the land.
Adds a definition of program contract. (§2411(b))
|
Similar to House and Senate provisions with amendments.
Amends the definition of covered program by adding CRP and Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention operations and by excluding the grasslands initiative under CSP and the watershed rehabilitation program.
Replaces the definition of eligible activity to include any practice, activity agreement, easement, or related measure under a covered program.
Replaces the definition of eligible land by including all agricultural, nonindustrial private forest, or other associated land that would achieve a conservation benefit.
Adds acequia, conservation districts, and eligible entities under ACEP to the definition of eligible partner.
Adds a definition of program contract that does not include a contract entered into under a covered program. (§2702)
|
Regional conservation partnerships. Under RCPP, USDA enters into partnership agreements with eligible partners for a period not to exceed five years with a possible one-year extension. (16 U.S.C. 3871b(b))
|
Amends the length of partnership agreements to include agreements longer than five years. (§2702(a))
|
Amends the length of partnership agreements to no more than five years, except when a concurrent deadline established under a state or federal program is longer than five
irrigation district, rural water district or
Adds a definition of program contract.
that does not include a contract
association, municipal water or waste
(§2411(b))
CRS-131
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
treatment entity, institutes of higher
entered into under a covered
education, and other nongovernmental
program. (§2702)
entity or organizations with a history of working with producers on conservation projects. (16 U.S.C. 3871a)
Regional conservation partnerships.
Amends the length of partnership
Amends the length of partnership
Similar to House provision with minor
Under RCPP, USDA enters into
agreements to include agreements
agreements to no more than five
amendments. (§2703(1))
partnership agreements with eligible
longer than five years. (§2702(a))
years, except when a concurrent
partners for a period not to exceed five
deadline established under a state or
years with a possible one-year extension.
federal program is longer than five
(16 U.S.C. 3871b(b))
years, or when an extension is granted due to delayed implementation. Adds a renewal option for projects that have made progress in addressing natural resource concerns. (§2411(c)(2))
Partners define the scope of RCPP
Amends the project assessments to
Amends what may be in the scope of a Similar to Senate provision with
projects, conduct outreach, act on behalf
require partners to quantify the project’s project. Partner contributions may be
amendments. Amends the scope of
of producers to apply for assistance,
environmental outcomes. (§2702(b))
through direct funding, in-kind support the project to include a timeline for
leverage financial and technical assistance,
or a combination of both, and can
project implementation. Does not
conduct assessments, and report results.
include the salaries of staff required to
allow new or modified conservation
Partners must provide a “significant
develop the partnership agreement.
practice standards. (§§2703(2)-(4))
portion” of the overall cost of the project.
Adds requirements for the Secretary
(16 U.S.C. 3871b(c))
natural resource concerns. (§2411(c)(2))
|
Similar to House provision with minor amendments. (§2703(1))
|
Partners define the scope of RCPP projects, conduct outreach, act on behalf of producers to apply for assistance, leverage financial and technical assistance, conduct assessments, and report results. Partners must provide a "significant portion" of the overall cost of the project. (16 U.S.C. 3871b(c))
|
Amends the project assessments to require partners to quantify the project's environmental outcomes. (§2702(b))
|
Amends what may be in the scope of a project. Partner contributions may be through direct funding, in-kind support or a combination of both, and can include the salaries of staff required to develop the partnership agreement. Adds requirements for the Secretary that include (1) establishing a timeline for USDA under the partnership agreement, (2) appointing a designated USDA coordinator within each state to assist partners and producers with RCPP, (3) establishing guidance for assessments, (4) providing reports to partners, (5) allowing new or modified conservation practice standards, and (6) ensuring the effectiveness of eligible activities. (§2411(c)(3) & (c)(5))
CRS-132
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
RCPP applications are competitive, and the
Adds a renewal option for projects that
Amends the application criteria to
Similar to House and Senate
selection criteria are publicly available.
have met or exceeded the project’s
evaluate the engagement between the
provisions with amendments. Does
Priority is given to applications that assist
objectives. (§2702(c))
lead eligible partner and local
not amend criteria evaluation or
producers meeting or avoiding the need
conservation district. Requires a
include feedback requirements. Moves
for regulation, include a large percentage of
simplified application process. Adds
the Senate provision’s waiver of AGI
producers in the project area, provide
priority requirements for stakeholder
for eligible partners to this section.
significant resource leverage, deliver a high
diversity, and watershed and habitat
(§§2703(5)&(6))
percentage of applied conservation to
plan development. Requires USDA to
priorities or conservation initiatives, or
provide feedback to applicants
provide innovative conservation methods
throughout the annual application
and delivery. (16 U.S.C. 3871b(d))
process. (§2411(c)(6))
Assistance to producers. Directs USDA No comparable provision.
Amends the contracting and
Similar to Senate provision with minor
to enter into contracts to provide
agreement language. Requires USDA
amendments. (§2704(1))
technical and financial assistance to
to enter into program contracts with
producers participating in projects with
eligible producers to conduct activities
eligible partners, or producers within a
on eligible land under conditions
project area or critical conservation area
defined by USDA. Priority may be
not working through an eligible partner.
given to partnership applications that
Program rules, requirements, and
include bundles of program contracts
payments are to be consistent with the
with producers. (§2411(d)(2))
(c)(5))
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Amends the scope of the project to include a timeline for project implementation. Does not allow new or modified conservation practice standards. (§§2703(2)-(4))
|
RCPP applications are competitive, and the selection criteria are publicly available. Priority is given to applications that assist producers meeting or avoiding the need for regulation, include a large percentage of producers in the project area, provide significant resource leverage, deliver a high percentage of applied conservation to priorities or conservation initiatives, or provide innovative conservation methods and delivery. (16 U.S.C. 3871b(d))
|
Adds a renewal option for projects that have met or exceeded the project's objectives. (§2702(c))
|
Amends the application criteria to evaluate the engagement between the lead eligible partner and local conservation district. Requires a simplified application process. Adds priority requirements for stakeholder diversity, and watershed and habitat plan development. Requires USDA to provide feedback to applicants throughout the annual application process. (§2411(c)(6))
|
Similar to House and Senate provisions with amendments. Does not amend criteria evaluation or include feedback requirements. Moves the Senate provision's waiver of AGI for eligible partners to this section. (§§2703(5)&(6))
|
Assistance to producers. Directs USDA to enter into contracts to provide technical and financial assistance to producers participating in projects with eligible partners, or producers within a project area or critical conservation area not working through an eligible partner. Program rules, requirements, and payments are to be consistent with the covered programs (ACEP, EQIP, CSP, and HFRP). Provides USDA the authority to adjust the rules of a covered program, including operational guidance and requirements in order to simplify the application and evaluation process. Prohibits the adjustment of statutory requirements for a covered program, including appeals, payment limits, conservation compliance, and prior irrigation history. Authorizes no more than 20 alternative funding arrangements with multi-state water agencies or authorities. (16 U.S.C. 3871c(a)-(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends the contracting and agreement language. Requires USDA to enter into program contracts with eligible producers to conduct activities on eligible land under conditions defined by USDA. Priority may be given to partnership applications that include bundles of program contracts with producers. (§2411(d)(2))
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§2704(1))
|
Authorizes USDA to make payments to producers in accordance with the statutory requirements under covered programs. Five-year payments may be made for conversion to dryland farming and nutrient management. AGI limits may be waived to fulfill the objectives of the program. (16 U.S.C. 3871c(c))
|
Extends the payments for dryland farming conversion and nutrient management to match the extended partnership agreements. Expands the AGI waiver to also waive a covered program's payment limitation. (§2703)
|
Minor amendments referencing new funding language. (§2411(d)(3))
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§2704(2))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds a new section for funding arrangements through grant agreements. Allows for USDA to enter into grant agreements directly with partners. Activities through these agreements must benefit agricultural producers and address resource (b))
Authorizes USDA to make payments to
Extends the payments for dryland
Minor amendments referencing new
Similar to Senate provision with minor
producers in accordance with the statutory farming conversion and nutrient
funding language. (§2411(d)(3))
amendments. (§2704(2))
CRS-133
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
requirements under covered programs.
management to match the extended
Five-year payments may be made for
partnership agreements. Expands the
conversion to dryland farming and nutrient
AGI waiver to also waive a covered
management. AGI limits may be waived to
program’s payment limitation. (§2703)
fulfil the objectives of the program. (16 U.S.C. 3871c(c))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Adds a new section for funding
Similar to Senate provision with
arrangements through grant
amendments. Does not include
agreements. Allows for USDA to
piloting new technologies and
enter into grant agreements directly
transferring land. Moves AGI waiver
with partners. Activities through these to an earlier section and does not agreements must benefit agricultural
include the 30% funding limit.
producers and address resource
(§2704(3))
concerns on a regional scale, such as water infrastructure, watershed plans, leveraging federal and private funds, piloting new technologies, and transferring land to select farmers and ranchers. Limits grants to 30% of RCPP funding and waives AGI requirements for recipients. Annual reports are required. (§2411(d)(4))
Funding. Authorized to receive $100
Increases mandatory funding authority
Increases funding to $200 mil ion
Similar to Senate provision with
mil ion in mandatory funding annually for
to $250 mil ion annually for FY2019-
annually for FY2019-FY2023. Requires
amendments. Increases funding to
FY2014-FY2018 to remain available until
FY2023. (§2704)
7% of funds and acres under EQIP,
$300 mil ion annually for FY2019-
expended. The program utilizes a
CSP, and ACEP to be transferred to
FY2023. Deletes the reserve of 7% of
percentage of other conservation program
and obligated through RCPP only.
covered program funds. Amends
funding (ACEP, EQIP, CSP, and HFRP).
Funding is to be distributed to
allocations to 50% for state and
Annually reserves 7% of covered program
projects of similar purposes to the
multistate competitions and 50% for
funds and acres until April 1each year, after
covered programs. Amends
critical conservation areas. Limits
which time uncommitted funds are
allocations to 40% for state and multi-
advanced funding for partners to be
returned to the covered program.
state competition, and 60% for critical
used within 90 days. Does not include
Allocates 25% for a state competition, 40%
conservation areas. Allows for funding
reimbursable language. (§2705)
for a national competition, and 35% for
reports are required. (§2411(d)(4))
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Does not include piloting new technologies and transferring land. Moves AGI waiver to an earlier section and does not include the 30% funding limit. (§2704(3))
|
Funding. Authorized to receive $100 million in mandatory funding annually for FY2014-FY2018 to remain available until expended. The program utilizes a percentage of other conservation program funding (ACEP, EQIP, CSP, and HFRP). Annually reserves 7% of covered program funds and acres until April 1each year, after which time uncommitted funds are returned to the covered program. Allocates 25% for a state competition, 40% for a national competition, and 35% for critical conservation areas. Administrative expenses of eligible partners are not covered. (16 U.S.C. 3871d)
|
Increases mandatory funding authority to $250 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§2704)
|
Increases funding to $200 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. Requires 7% of funds and acres under EQIP, CSP, and ACEP to be transferred to and obligated through RCPP only. Funding is to be distributed to projects of similar purposes to the covered programs. Amends allocations to 40% for state and multi-state competition, and 60% for critical conservation areas. Allows for funding to be advanced to eligible partners for to be advanced to eligible partners for
critical conservation areas. Administrative
outreach activities and reimbursed for agreement development. Adds new technical assistance requirements,
CRS-134
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
expenses of eligible partners are not
including USDA reporting, limiting
covered. (16 U.S.C. 3871d)
expenses for USDA, and third-party provider assistance. (§2411(e))
Administration. USDA is required to
Adds a requirement for USDA to
Extends reporting requirement to
Similar to Senate provision with
make information on selected projects
provide partners and producers
December 31, 2018 (and every two
amendments. Does not include
publicly available and report to Congress
guidance on how to quantify and report
years thereafter), and adds a progress
progress requirements. (§2706)
by December 31, 2014 (and every two
environmental outcomes associated with requirement. Adds a prohibition on
years thereafter) on the status of projects
conservation practice adoption. Requires providing assistance to producers out
funded. (16 U.S.C. 3871e)
a report on the progress of
of compliance with highly erodible
quantification. (§2705)
technical assistance requirements, including USDA reporting, limiting expenses for USDA, and third-party provider assistance. (§2411(e))
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Increases funding to $300 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. Deletes the reserve of 7% of covered program funds. Amends allocations to 50% for state and multistate competitions and 50% for critical conservation areas. Limits advanced funding for partners to be used within 90 days. Does not include reimbursable language. (§2705)
|
Administration. USDA is required to make information on selected projects publicly available and report to Congress by December 31, 2014 (and every two years thereafter) on the status of projects funded. (16 U.S.C. 3871e)
|
Adds a requirement for USDA to provide partners and producers guidance on how to quantify and report environmental outcomes associated with conservation practice adoption. Requires a report on the progress of quantification. (§2705)
|
Extends reporting requirement to December 31, 2018 (and every two years thereafter), and adds a progress requirement. Adds a prohibition on providing assistance to producers out of compliance with highly erodible cropland and wetland conservation compliance requirements. Adds a requirement to maintain benefits for historically underserved producers and requires USDA to issue regulations for RCPP. (§2411(f))
Critical conservation areas. USDA is
Deletes the authority to use the
Adds a definition of critical conservation
Similar to Senate provision with
required to use 35% of the funds and acres
Watershed Protection and Flood
areas and critical conservation condition.
amendments. Adds a definition of
available for partnership agreements in no
Prevention program in critical
Adds a requirement that USDA
priority resource concern. Does not
more than eight critical conservation areas
conservation areas. (§2706)
identify one or more critical
include reporting requirements.
that expire after five years, subject to
conservation condition for each
(§2707)
redesignation. Areas are selected based on:
critical conservation area. Allows
multi-state areas with significant
USDA to review critical conservation
agricultural production; existing agreement
areas every five years and withdraw
or plan in place; water quality concerns;
the designation if no longer critical.
water quantity concerns; or subject to
Requires outreach to partners and
regulatory requirements. Partner
producers in critical conservation
agreements and producer contracts are
areas. Adds reporting requirements
administered according to the applicable
on critical conservation areas and
covered program and, where possible,
conditions. (§2411(g))
regulations for RCPP. (§2411(f))
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Does not include progress requirements. (§2706)
|
Critical conservation areas. USDA is required to use 35% of the funds and acres available for partnership agreements in no more than eight critical conservation areas that expire after five years, subject to redesignation. Areas are selected based on: multi-state areas with significant agricultural production; existing agreement or plan in place; water quality concerns; water quantity concerns; or subject to regulatory requirements. Partner agreements and producer contracts are administered according to the applicable covered program and, where possible, complement existing water quality and quantity strategies. Allows the use of authorities granted under the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention program in critical conservation areas. (16 U.S.C. 3871f)
CRS-135
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Repeals and Technical Amendments
Repeals
Conservation Security Program.
Repeals the program. (§2801)
Identical to House provision. (§2402)
Identical to House and Senate
Authorized in the 2002 farm bil and
provisions. (§2301(c)(1))
3871f)
|
Deletes the authority to use the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention program in critical conservation areas. (§2706)
|
Adds a definition of critical conservation areas and critical conservation condition. Adds a requirement that USDA identify one or more critical conservation condition for each critical conservation area. Allows USDA to review critical conservation areas every five years and withdraw the designation if no longer critical. Requires outreach to partners and producers in critical conservation areas. Adds reporting requirements on critical conservation areas and conditions. (§2411(g))
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Adds a definition of priority resource concern. Does not include reporting requirements. (§2707)
|
Repeals and Technical Amendments
|
Repeals
|
Conservation Security Program. Authorized in the 2002 farm bill and replaced by the Conservation Stewardship Program in the 2008 farm billbil . The program enrollsenrol s acres in five- to 10-year stewardship contracts, the last of which will wil expire in FY2018. (16 U.S.C. 3838 – 16 U.S.C. 3838c)
Conservation Corridor
No comparable provision.
Repeals the program. (§2417)
Identical to Senate provision. (§2811)
16 U.S.C. 3838c)
|
Repeals the program. (§2801)
|
Identical to House provision. (§2402)
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§2301(c)(1))
|
Conservation Corridor Demonstration Program. Authorized in the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (2002 farm bill, bil , P.L. 107-171). Permits one or more states, along with local governments on the Delmarva Peninsula, to develop and implement over three to five years, a conservation corridor
plan to improve the economic viability of agriculture and the environmental integrity of watersheds. Funding was never appropriated. (16 U.S.C. 3801 note)
|
Cranberry Acreage Reserve
No comparable provision.
|
Repeals the program. (§2417)
|
2418)
Identical to Senate provision. (§2811)
|
Cranberry Acreage Reserve 2812)
Program. Authorized in the 2002 farm bill bil to purchase permanent wetland easements on and around cranberry-producing land. Funding was never appropriated. (16 U.S.C. 3801 note)
|
National Natural Resources
No comparable provision.
|
Repeals the program. (§2418)
|
foundation. (§2419)
Identical to Senate provision. (§2812)
|
National Natural Resources 2813)
Foundation. Authorized in the Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (1996 farm bill, bil , P.L. 104-127) to establish a nonprofit corporation to promote and assist the conservation
CRS-136
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
efforts of NRCS. Funding was never appropriated. (16 U.S.C. 5801 et seq.)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Repeals the foundation. (§2419)
|
Flood risk reduction. Authorized in the
No comparable provision.
Repeals the program. (§2420)
Identical to Senate provision. (§2813)
|
Flood risk reduction. Authorized in the 2814)
1996 farm bill bil to contract with Market Transition Program participants to retire frequently flooded cropland. Related programs were repealed in subsequent legislation and funding was not appropriated. (7 U.S.C. 7334)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Repeals the program. (§2420)
|
Study of land use for expiring
No comparable provision.
Repeals the study. (§2421)
Identical to Senate provision. (§2814)
|
Study of land use for expiring 2815)
contracts and extension authority. Authorized in the Food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act of 1990 (1990 farm bill, bil , P.L. 101-624) requiring USDA to create a report on expiring CRP contracts. (16 U.S.C. 3831 note)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Repeals the study. (§2421)
|
Integrated Farm Management
No comparable provision.
Repeals the program. (§2422)
Identical to Senate provision. (§2815)
|
Integrated Farm Management 2816)
Program. Authorized in the 1990 farm bill bil to encourage producers to adopt integrated, multi-year, site-specific farm management plans by not reducing the farm program payments of participants who use a resource conserving crop as part of a rotation on payment acres. Related programs were repealed in subsequent legislation. (7 U.S.C. 5822)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Repeals the program. (§2422)
|
Definition of agricultural lands. The
No comparable provision.
Repeals the provision. (§2423)
Identical to Senate provision. (§2816)
|
Definition of agricultural lands. The 2817)
1996 farm bill bil defined the term agricultural lands as related to a 1994 memorandum of agreement among USDA, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Department of the Army (Corps) for the delineation of wetlands. USDA and the Corps withdrew from the agreement in 2005. (110 Stat. 992)
CRS-137
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Resource Conservation and
No comparable provision.
Adds a sunset authority to the
No comparable provision.
Development (RC&D) program.
program of October 1, 2023. (§2424)
2005. (110 Stat. 992)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Repeals the provision. (§2423)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§2817)
|
Resource Conservation and Development (RC&D) program. Provided local coordinators of conservation activities in 375 designated areas. FY2014 appropriations act permanently cancelled any remaining funds. (16 U.S.C. 3451 et seq.)
Technical Amendments
Watershed Protection and Flood
Corrects spelling and makes technical
No comparable provision.
Identical to House bil . (§2821(a))
Prevention (Watershed Operations).
corrections to agency titles. (§2803(d))
(16 U.S.C. 3451 et seq.)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds a sunset authority to the program of October 1, 2023. (§2424)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Technical Amendments
|
Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention (Watershed Operations). Under the program, projects with a federal Under the program, projects with a federal
share greater than $25 millionmil ion or with a total structure capacity over 2,500 acre-feet must be submitted to various federal agencies for comment prior to submission to Congress. (16 U.S.C. 1005(4))
|
Corrects spelling and makes technical corrections to agency titles. (§2803(d))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House bill. (§2821(a))
|
Wetland determinations. Technical
Wetland determinations. Technical
Corrects agency spelling. (§2803(a))
No comparable provision.
Identical to House bil . (§2821(b))
determinations, restoration and mitigation plans, and monitoring activities must be conducted by the Natural Resources Conservation Service. (16 U.S.C. 3822(j))
Desert terminal lakes. USDA is
Repeals the program. (§2802)
No comparable provision.
Adds a sunset date on the program of
required to transfer $150 mil ion of CCC
October 1, 2023. (§2821(d))
3822(j))
|
Corrects agency spelling. (§2803(a))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House bill. (§2821(b))
|
Desert terminal lakes. USDA is required to transfer $150 million of CCC funds to the Bureau of Reclamation to purchase water for at-risk desert terminal lakes. Includes a voluntary land purchase grant program authorized to receive $25 millionmil ion through appropriations and to remain available until expended. (16 U.S.C. 3839bb-6)
Establishment of state technical
Adds land-grant col eges to the list of
No comparable provision.
Similar to House bil with minor
committees. Requires each state
required representatives. (§2504)
amendments. (§2822(b))
U.S.C. 3839bb-6)
|
Repeals the program. (§2802)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds a sunset date on the program of October 1, 2023. (§2821(d))
|
Establishment of state technical committees. Requires each state technical committee be composed of representatives from: NRCS, FSA, Forest
CRS-138
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Service, the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, state fish and wildlife agency, state forester, state water resources agency, state department of agriculture, state soil and water conservation district, agriculture producers, nonindustrial private forest landowners, nonprofit organizations working with producers, and agribusinesses. (16 U.S.C. 3861(c))
State technical committees are required to
No comparable provision.
Adds a requirement that state
No comparable provision.
meet regularly to provide information and
technical committees regularly review
recommendations to USDA officials
new and innovative technologies and
regarding implementation of conservation
practices, and provide
agribusinesses. (16 U.S.C. 3861(c))
|
Adds land-grant colleges to the list of required representatives. (§2504)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House bill with minor amendments. (§2822(b))
|
State technical committees are required to meet regularly to provide information and recommendations to USDA officials regarding implementation of conservation programs and provisions. Committees are programs and provisions. Committees are
recommendations on the
advisory in nature and exempt from
development and incorporation of
Federal Advisory Committee Act
those practices into conservation
requirements. (16 U.S.C. 3862)
practice standards. (§2508)
CRS-139
Table 7. Trade
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
advisory in nature and exempt from Federal Advisory Committee Act requirements. (16 U.S.C. 3862)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds a requirement that state technical committees regularly review new and innovative technologies and practices, and provide recommendations on the development and incorporation of those practices into conservation practice standards. (§2508)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Prior Law/Policy
|
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
(H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
P.L. 115-334)
|
Food for Peace Act (All section references in this subsection are to this act.)
|
Labeling. Commodity donations shall, to the extent practicable, be clearly identified with appropriate markings on the package
Extends the labeling requirement to
Continues current law.
Identical to House provision. (§3101)
the extent practicable, be clearly identified
commodities and food procured
with appropriate markings on the package
outside of the United States or on
or container of such commodity in the
printed material that accompanies
or container of such commodity in the language of the locality in which such
other assistance. (§3002)
commodities are distributed as being furnished by the people of the United States of America. (7 U.S.C. 1722(g))
Food aid quality assurance. The
Extends authority to fund this section
Identical to House provision. (§3101)
Identical to House and Senate
administrator of USAID shall use the funds
through FY2023. (§3003)
provisions. (§3102)
1722(g))
|
Extends the labeling requirement to commodities and food procured outside of the United States or on printed material that accompanies other assistance. (§3002)
|
Continues current law.
|
Identical to House provision. (§3101)
|
Food aid quality assurance. The administrator of USAID shall use the funds made available annually from FY2014 onwards to carry out Food for Peace programs to assess types and quality of agricultural commodities donated as food aid, adjust products and formulation as necessary to meet nutrient needs of target populations, test prototypes, adopt new specifications or improve existing specifications for micronutrient food aid products based on latest development in food and nutrition science, develop new program guidance for cooperators to
facilitate improved matching of products to purposes, develop improved guidance on how to address nutritional efficiencies among long-term food-aid recipients, and evaluate the performance and cost-effectiveness of new/modified food products and program approaches to meet nutritional needs of vulnerable groups. Authorizes not more than $4.5 millionmil ion of funds be made available for FY2014-FY2018 to carry out this section. (7 U.S.C. 1722(h)(3))
CRS-140
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Local sale and barter of
Amends this section to remove the
Amends this section to provide for
Identical to House provision. (§3103)
commodities. An agreement between
requirement for a minimum level of
administrator discretion in the levels
the administrator of USAID and a private
monetization for nonemergency
of local sales and to remove the
voluntary organization or cooperative (i.e.,
programs in recipient country or
requirement for a minimum level of
nongovernmental organization) to provide
neighboring regional markets. (§3004)
monetization for nonemergency
U.S.-donated commodities for sale or
programs in recipient country or
barter in recipient countries, or a
neighboring regional markets. (§3102)
U.S.C. 1722(h)(3))
|
Extends authority to fund this section through FY2023. (§3003)
|
Identical to House provision. (§3101)
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§3102)
|
Local sale and barter of commodities. An agreement between the administrator of USAID and a private voluntary organization or cooperative (i.e., nongovernmental organization) to provide U.S.-donated commodities for sale or barter in recipient countries, or a neighboring region, to generate proceeds for use as provided in this section. Such an agreement must involve a minimum level of local sales equal to not less than 15% of all commodities distributed under nonemergency Food for Peace programs for each fiscal year. (7 U.S.C. 1723)
|
Amends this section to remove the requirement for a minimum level of monetization for nonemergency programs in recipient country or neighboring regional markets. (§3004)
|
Amends this section to provide for administrator discretion in the levels of local sales and to remove the requirement for a minimum level of monetization for nonemergency programs in recipient country or neighboring regional markets. (§3102)
|
Identical to House provision. (§3103)
|
Minimum levels of assistance. The Administrator of USAID shall make available not less than 2.5 million metric 1723)
Minimum levels of assistance. The
Extends authority, with waiver
Identical to House provision. (§3103)
Identical to House and Senate
Administrator of USAID shall make
authority, for requiring minimum levels
provisions. (§3104)
available not less than 2.5 mil ion metric
of food quantities be available for
tons (mt) of agricultural commodities for
emergency and nonemergency
tons (mt) of agricultural commodities for food distribution each fiscal year through
assistance through FY2023. (§3005)
FY2018, including not less than 1,875,000 mt for nonemergency food distribution through eligible organizations. The Administrator may waive this requirement if sufficient quantities of donated commodities are not available. (7 U.S.C. 1724(a))
Food Aid Consultative Group.
Extends the authority for the Food Aid
Extends the authority for the Food
Identical to Senate provision (§3105)
Establishes a Food Aid Consultative Group
Consultative Group through FY2023.
Aid Consultative Group through
to review and address issues concerning
(§3006)
FY2023, and amends the consultation
the effectiveness of the regulations and
period for proposed regulations,
procedures that govern food assistance
handbooks, or guidelines concerning
programs established and implemented
this subchapter to 30 days. (§3104)
1724(a))
|
Extends authority, with waiver authority, for requiring minimum levels of food quantities be available for emergency and nonemergency assistance through FY2023. (§3005)
|
Identical to House provision. (§3103)
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§3104)
|
Food Aid Consultative Group. Establishes a Food Aid Consultative Group to review and address issues concerning the effectiveness of the regulations and procedures that govern food assistance programs established and implemented under Title II of the Food for Peace Act. The group shall terminate on December 31, 2018. (7 U.S.C. 1725(f))
CRS-141
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Regulations and guidance. Not later
Requires that the Administrator shall
Continues current law.
Identical to House provision. (§3106)
than 270 days after enactment of the
issue all necessary regulations and
Agricultural Act of 2014, the administrator
revisions to agency guidelines with
shall issue all necessary regulations and
respect to changes in the operation or
revisions to agency guidelines with respect
implementation of the U.S. food
to changes in the operation or
assistance programs not later than 270
implementation of the U.S. food assistance
days after enactment of the Agricultural
programs. (7 U.S.C. 1726a(c)(1))
and Nutrition Act of 2018. (§3007)
Program oversight, monitoring, and
Extends authority to fund this section
Extends authority to fund this section
Similar to Senate provision but includes
evaluation. The Administrator shall
through FY2023. Amends this section
through FY2023. Amends this section
the House provision requiring an
establish systems and carry out activities to by replacing the $17 mil ion cap on
by replacing the $17 mil ion cap on
annual maximum of $8 mil ion for early
determine the need for food assistance and funds with a maximum of 1.5% of the
funds with a maximum of 1.5% of the
warning assessments and systems to
to improve, monitor, and evaluate the
funds made available under Title II of
funds made available under Title II of
help prevent famines (provided at least
effectiveness and efficiency of the
the Food for Peace Act for each of
the Food for Peace Act, but not less
$8 mil ion is available under the Foreign
assistance provided so as to maximize its
FY2019-FY2023 for monitoring of
than $17 mil ion, for each of FY2019-
Assistance Act of 1961 for such
impact. The Administrator may contract
emergency food assistance subject to
FY2023 for monitoring of emergency
purposes). (§3107)
with cooperators for such services to be
an annual $500,000 maximum for
food assistance subject to an annual
performed in recipient countries or
maintenance of information technology
$500,000 maximum for maintenance
regions. In addition to other funds made
systems and an annual maximum of $8
of information technology systems.
available for monitoring of emergency food mil ion for early warning assessments
(§3105)
assistance, the Administrator may use up
and systems to help prevent famines
to $17 mil ion of the funds made available
(provided at least $8 mil ion is available
under Title II of the Food for Peace Act
under the Foreign Assistance Act of
for each of FY2014 through FY2018,
1961). (§3008)
31, 2018. (7 U.S.C. 1725(f))
|
Extends the authority for the Food Aid Consultative Group through FY2023. (§3006)
|
Extends the authority for the Food Aid Consultative Group through FY2023, and amends the consultation period for proposed regulations, handbooks, or guidelines concerning this subchapter to 30 days. (§3104)
|
Identical to Senate provision (§3105)
|
Regulations and guidance. Not later than 270 days after enactment of the Agricultural Act of 2014, the administrator shall issue all necessary regulations and revisions to agency guidelines with respect to changes in the operation or implementation of the U.S. food assistance programs. (7 U.S.C. 1726a(c)(1))
|
Requires that the Administrator shall issue all necessary regulations and revisions to agency guidelines with respect to changes in the operation or implementation of the U.S. food assistance programs not later than 270 days after enactment of the Agricultural and Nutrition Act of 2018. (§3007)
|
Continues current law.
|
Identical to House provision. (§3106)
|
Program oversight, monitoring, and evaluation. The Administrator shall establish systems and carry out activities to determine the need for food assistance and to improve, monitor, and evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the assistance provided so as to maximize its impact. The Administrator may contract with cooperators for such services to be performed in recipient countries or regions. In addition to other funds made available for monitoring of emergency food assistance, the Administrator may use up to $17 million of the funds made available under Title II of the Food for Peace Act for each of FY2014 through FY2018, subject to an annual $500,000 maximum for maintenance of information technology systems, and an annual maximum of $8 million for early warning assessments and systems to help prevent famines (provided at least $8 million are available under chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961). (7 U.S.C. 1726a(f)(4))
|
Extends authority to fund this section through FY2023. Amends this section by replacing the $17 million cap on funds with a maximum of 1.5% of the funds made available under Title II of the Food for Peace Act for each of FY2019-FY2023 for monitoring of emergency food assistance subject to an annual $500,000 maximum for maintenance of information technology systems and an annual maximum of $8 million for early warning assessments and systems to help prevent famines (provided at least $8 million is available under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961). (§3008)
|
Extends authority to fund this section through FY2023. Amends this section by replacing the $17 million cap on funds with a maximum of 1.5% of the funds made available under Title II of the Food for Peace Act, but not less than $17 million, for each of FY2019-FY2023 for monitoring of emergency food assistance subject to an annual $500,000 maximum for maintenance of information technology systems. (§3105)
|
Similar to Senate provision but includes the House provision requiringsystems, and an annual maximum of $8 millionmil ion for early warning assessments and systems to help prevent famines (provided at least $8 million is available undermil ion are available under chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961). (7 U.S.C. 1726a(f)(4))
Assistance for stockpiling and rapid
Changes the heading of this section to
Extends the program authority to
Identical to House provision. (§3108)
transportation, delivery, and
“International Food Relief Partnership”
FY2023. (§3106)
distribution of shelf-stable pre-
CRS-142
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
packaged foods. The administrator may
and extends the program authority to
provide grants to qualifying cooperators
FY2023. (§3009)
Assistance Act of 1961 for such purposes). (§3107)
|
Assistance for stockpiling and rapid transportation, delivery, and distribution of shelf-stable pre-packaged foods. The administrator may provide grants to qualifying cooperators for preparation of shelf-stable prepackaged foods and establishment and maintenance of stockpiles of the foods in the United States and for the rapid transportation, delivery, and distribution of shelf-stable prepackaged foods to needy individuals in foreign countries. (7 U.S.C. 1726b)
Impact on local farmers and
Amends this section to ensure that no
Continues current law.
Identical to House provision. (§3109)
economy. Under general provisions
modalities of assistance—importation
governing the implementation of Title II of
of donated commodities or food
the Food for Peace Act, no agricultural
vouchers, cash transfers, or local and
commodity shall be made available unless it regional procurement of food outside is determined that (1) adequate storage
of the United States—are distributed in
facilities wil be available in the recipient
a recipient country where adequate
country at the time of the arrival of the
storage facilities are not available or
commodity to prevent the spoilage or
where distribution would create a
waste of the commodity; and (2) the
substantial disincentive to, or
distribution of the commodity in the
interference with, domestic production
recipient country wil not result in a
or marketing or where it would have a
substantial disincentive to, or interference
disruptive impact on the farmers or
with, domestic production or marketing in
local economy of a recipient country.
foreign countries. (7 U.S.C. 1726b)
|
Changes the heading of this section to "International Food Relief Partnership" and extends the program authority to FY2023. (§3009)
|
Extends the program authority to FY2023. (§3106)
|
Identical to House provision. (§3108)
|
Impact on local farmers and economy. Under general provisions governing the implementation of Title II of the Food for Peace Act, no agricultural commodity shall be made available unless it is determined that (1) adequate storage facilities will be available in the recipient country at the time of the arrival of the commodity to prevent the spoilage or waste of the commodity; and (2) the distribution of the commodity in the recipient country will not result in a substantial disincentive to, or interference with, domestic production or marketing in that country. Also, the Secretary or the that country. Also, the Secretary or the
(§3010)
administrator, as appropriate, shall shal ensure that the donation of U.S. agricultural commodities and the use of local currencies for development purposes will wil not have a disruptive impact on the farmers or local economy of the recipient country. (7 U.S.C. 1733(a))
Allowance of Distribution Costs.
No comparable provision.
Amends this section to clarify
Amends this section to clarify that the
USDA’s Commodity Credit Corporation
allowable distribution costs specified
allowable costs include distribution and
(CCC) may pay various related acquisition
as “the types of activities for which
program implementation costs
and distribution costs associated with food
costs were paid under this subsection
associated with the use of the provided
assistance as specified under this title. In
prior to fiscal year 2017.” (§3107)
commodities. (§3110)
particular, in the case of commodities for
CRS-143
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
U.S.C. 1733(a))
|
Amends this section to ensure that no modalities of assistance—importation of donated commodities or food vouchers, cash transfers, or local and regional procurement of food outside of the United States—are distributed in a recipient country where adequate storage facilities are not available or where distribution would create a substantial disincentive to, or interference with, domestic production or marketing or where it would have a disruptive impact on the farmers or local economy of a recipient country. (§3010)
|
Continues current law.
|
Identical to House provision. (§3109)
|
Allowance of Distribution Costs. USDA's Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) may pay various related acquisition and distribution costs associated with food assistance as specified under this title. In particular, in the case of commodities for urgent and extraordinary relief requirements (including pre-positioned commodities) the transportation costs incurred in moving the commodities from designated points of entry or ports of entry abroad to storage and distribution sites and associated storage and distribution costs. (7 U.S.C. 1736(b)(6))
Prepositioning of agricultural
Extends authority for prepositioning of
Same as House provision. (§3108)
Identical to House and Senate
commodities. The administrator may use donated agricultural commodities
provisions. (§3111)
funds made available for FY2001-FY2018
through FY2023. (§3011)
U.S.C. 1736(b)(6))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends this section to clarify allowable distribution costs specified as "the types of activities for which costs were paid under this subsection prior to fiscal year 2017." (§3107)
|
Amends this section to clarify that the allowable costs include distribution and program implementation costs associated with the use of the provided commodities. (§3110)
|
Prepositioning of agricultural commodities. The administrator may use funds made available for FY2001-FY2018 to carry out Title II (subchapter III) and Title III (subchapter III-A) of the Food for Peace Act to procure, transport, and store agricultural commodities for prepositioning within the United States and in foreign countries, except that for each of FY2014-FY2018 not more than $15 millionmil ion of such funds may be used to store agricultural commodities for prepositioning in foreign countries. (7 U.S.C. 1736a)
Annual report on food aid programs
Amends this section to allow the
Amends this section to allow the
Same as House provision but without
and activities. The administrator and the
administrator and the Secretary to file
administrator and the Secretary to file
the provision requiring congressional
Secretary shall jointly prepare and submit
the annual report either jointly or
the annual report either jointly or
notification relating to reasons for
to the appropriate committees of
separately. In addition, this section
separately. (§3109)
delay in production of the report.
Congress, by April 1 of each fiscal year, a
requires that, where the annual report
(§3112)
report regarding each program and activity
is not filed by the April 1 deadline, the
carried out under U.S. international food
administrator and the Secretary notify
assistance programs—Food for Peace,
the relevant congressional committees
Section 416(b), Food for Progress, and
countries. (7 U.S.C. 1736a)
|
Extends authority for prepositioning of donated agricultural commodities through FY2023. (§3011)
|
Same as House provision. (§3108)
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§3111)
|
Annual report on food aid programs and activities. The administrator and the Secretary shall jointly prepare and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress, by April 1 of each fiscal year, a report regarding each program and activity carried out under U.S. international food assistance programs—Food for Peace, Section 416(b), Food for Progress, and McGovern-Dole programs—during the prior fiscal year including funds spent, quantities distributed, number of beneficiaries, progress made in reducing food insecurity in recipient populations, description of the Food Aid Consultative Group efforts, an assessment of progress made as relates to food assistance quality, and finally an assessment of the program oversight, monitoring, and evaluation system and its impact on program effectiveness. (7 U.S.C. 1736a(f)(1))
|
Amends this section to allow the administrator and the Secretary to file the annual report either jointly or separately. In addition, this section requires that, where the annual report is not filed by the April 1 deadline, the administrator and the Secretary notify the relevant congressional committees of any delay and the reasons for such delay. In addition, Section 407(f) is updated to combine an existing annual report with more detailed information about the utilization of funds by cooperators and recipient countries under each program and the rate of return for each commodity monetized (sold to generate cash to fund cooperator projects) in recipient countries. The rate of return is defined as the ratio of the proceeds generated of any delay and the reasons for such
McGovern-Dole programs—during the
delay. In addition, Section 407(f) is
prior fiscal year including funds spent,
updated to combine an existing annual
quantities distributed, number of
report with more detailed information
beneficiaries, progress made in reducing
about the utilization of funds by
food insecurity in recipient populations,
cooperators and recipient countries
description of the Food Aid Consultative
under each program and the rate of
Group efforts, an assessment of progress
return for each commodity monetized
CRS-144
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
made as relates to food assistance quality,
(sold to generate cash to fund
and finally an assessment of the program
cooperator projects) in recipient
oversight, monitoring, and evaluation
countries. The rate of return is defined
system and its impact on program
as the ratio of the proceeds generated
effectiveness. (7 U.S.C. 1736a(f)(1))
from monetization and the cost to procure and ship a commodity to the recipient country for monetization. (§3012)
|
Amends this section to allow the administrator and the Secretary to file the annual report either jointly or separately. (§3109)
|
Same as House provision but without the provision requiring congressional notification relating to reasons for delay in production of the report. (§3112)
|
Agreements to finance sales or to provide other assistance. No agreements to finance sales or to provide
Agreements to finance sales or to
Extends the deadline for agreements to
Identical to House provision. (§3110)
Identical to House and Senate
provide other assistance. No
finance sales or to provide other
provisions. (§3113)
agreements to finance sales or to provide
assistance until December 31, 2023.
other assistance under the Food for Peace
(§3013)
other assistance under the Food for Peace Act shall be entered into after December 31, 2018. (7 U.S.C. 1736b)
Minimum level of nonemergency
Extends this section through 2023 and
Renames this section as
Similar to House provision but also
food assistance. In general, of the
amends it to provide a minimum annual
“Nonemergency food assistance” and
adopts the Senate provision to specify
amounts made available to carry out
outlay for nonemergency food
extends it through FY2023.
that Farmer-to-Farmer program outlays
emergency and nonemergency food
assistance of not less than $365 mil ion
Amends this section to provide a
may be considered as being expended
assistance programs under Title II
nor more than 30% of the amounts
minimum outlay for nonemergency
for nonemergency food assistance
(subchapter III) of the Food for Peace Act,
made available to carry out Title II
food assistance of not less than 20%
under this section. (§3114)
not less than 20% nor more than 30% for
(subchapter III) of the act. Further,
nor more than 30% for each fiscal
each of FY2014-FY2018 shall be expended
certain community development funds
year, of the amounts made available to
for nonemergency food assistance
that are made available through grants
carry out Title II (subchapter III) of the
programs but subject to a minimum level
or cooperative agreements and that
act, but subject to a minimum level of
of not less than $350 mil ion for any fiscal
assist in implementing certain
not less than $365 mil ion for any fiscal
year that shall be made available to carry
activities—income-generating,
year.
out nonemergency food assistance
community development, health,
programs. (7 U.S.C. 1736f(e))
nutrition, cooperative development,
Amends this section to specify that
agricultural and other development—
outlays for the Farmer-to-Farmer
may be deemed to have been expended program (7 U.S.C. U.S.C. 1736b)
|
Extends the deadline for agreements to finance sales or to provide other assistance until December 31, 2023. (§3013)
|
Identical to House provision. (§3110)
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§3113)
|
Minimum level of nonemergency food assistance. In general, of the amounts made available to carry out emergency and nonemergency food assistance programs under Title II (subchapter III) of the Food for Peace Act, not less than 20% nor more than 30% for each of FY2014-FY2018 shall be expended for nonemergency food assistance programs but subject to a minimum level of not less than $350 million for any fiscal year that shall be made available to carry out nonemergency food assistance programs. (7 U.S.C. 1736f(e))
|
Extends this section through 2023 and amends it to provide a minimum annual outlay for nonemergency food assistance of not less than $365 million nor more than 30% of the amounts made available to carry out Title II (subchapter III) of the act. Further, certain community development funds that are made available through grants or cooperative agreements and that assist in implementing certain activities—income-generating, community development, health, nutrition, cooperative development, agricultural and other development—may be deemed to have been expended on nonemergency food assistance programs for the purposes of this section. (§3014)
|
Renames this section as "Nonemergency food assistance" and extends it through FY2023.
Amends this section to provide a minimum outlay for nonemergency food assistance of not less than 20% nor more than 30% for each fiscal year, of the amounts made available to carry out Title II (subchapter III) of the act, but subject to a minimum level of not less than $365 million for any fiscal year.
Amends this section to specify that outlays for the Farmer-to-Farmer program (7 U.S.C. 1737) and funds 1737) and funds on nonemergency food assistance
appropriated to carry out Part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 as amended (22 U.S.C.
programs for the purposes of this
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 as
section. (§3014)
amended (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) may be considered as being expended for nonemergency food assistance under this section. (§3111)
CRS-145
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Micronutrient fortification programs.
Extends authority for the micronutrient Identical to House provision. (§3112)
Identical to House and Senate
The administrator shall establish
fortification program through FY2023.
provisions. (§3115)
micronutrient fortification programs to
(§3015)
this section. (§3111)
|
Similar to House provision but also adopts the Senate provision to specify that Farmer-to-Farmer program outlays may be considered as being expended for nonemergency food assistance under this section. (§3114)
|
Micronutritient fortification programs. The administrator shall establish micronutrient fortification programs to assist developing countries in correcting micronutrient dietary deficiencies among segments of the populations of the countries and to assess and apply technologies and systems to improve and ensure the quality, shelf life, bioavailability, and safety of fortified food aid agricultural commodities and products of those agricultural commodities. Under the program, grains and other commodities made available to a participating developing country may be fortified with micronutrients (such as vitamin A, iron, iodine, and folic acid) with respect to which a substantial portion of the population in the country is deficient. The commodity may be fortified in the United States or in the developing country. The authority to carry out programs established under this section shall shal terminate on September 30, 2018. (7 U.S.C. 1736g-2)
John Ogonowski and Doug Bereuter
Amends the F2F program to add
Amends this section to allow
Similar to Senate provision but includes
Farmer-to-Farmer (F2F) Program.
specificity to the types of technical
employees or staff of a state
provisions from the House provision
The F2F program is established to
assistance provided by American
cooperative institution to volunteer
that add specificity to the types of
implement assistance between the United
volunteers. Extends volunteer eligibility
under the F2F program. Reauthorizes
technical assistance American
States and qualifying countries—developing to retired USDA extension staff, and
the authorization of appropriations
volunteers provide and establish a new
and middle income countries, emerging
encourages long-term and sequenced
through FY2023. (§3113)
grant program to facilitate partnerships
markets, and in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)
assignments that contribute to
and innovative activities under the F2F
and the Caribbean Basin (CB)—to increase institutional capacity-building.
program. (§3116)
farm production and farmer incomes. The
Continues minimum fiscal year funding
F2F program may use U.S. agricultural
of not less than the greater of $15
producers, agriculturalists, col eges and
mil ion or 0.6% of amounts made
universities, private agribusinesses, private
available to carry out the Food for
CRS-146
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
organizations, private corporations, and
Peace Act through FY2023—with
nonprofit farm organizations to work in
continued set-asides for certain
conjunction with agricultural producers
geographic locations: not less than 0.1%
and farm organizations in those countries
for programs in developing countries,
on a voluntary basis. Not less than the
and not less than 0.1% for programs in
greater of $15 mil ion or 0.6% of total
SSA andU.S.C. 1736g-2)
|
Extends authority for the micronutrient fortification program through FY2023. (§3015)
|
Identical to House provision. (§3112)
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§3115)
|
John Ogonowski and Doug Bereuter Farmer-to-Farmer (F2F) Program. The F2F program is established to implement assistance between the United States and qualifying countries—developing and middle income countries, emerging markets, and in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and the Caribbean Basin (CB)—to increase farm production and farmer incomes. The F2F program may use U.S. agricultural producers, agriculturalists, colleges and universities, private agribusinesses, private organizations, private corporations, and nonprofit farm organizations to work in conjunction with agricultural producers and farm organizations in those countries on a voluntary basis. Not less than the greater of $15 million or 0.6% of total Food for Peace program funds available for each of FY2014-FY2018, shall be used to carry out F2F programs with not less than 0.2% for programs in developing countries and not less than 0.1% for programs in SSA and CB countries. There are authorized to be appropriated for each of FY2008-FY2018 $10 million for SSA and CB countries and $5 million for other developing or middle-income countries or emerging markets not included in SSA or CB countries. (7 U.S.C. 1737)
|
Amends the F2F program to add specificity to the types of technical assistance provided by American volunteers. Extends volunteer eligibility to retired USDA extension staff, and encourages long-term and sequenced assignments that contribute to institutional capacity-building.
Continues minimum fiscal year funding of not less than the greater of $15 million or 0.6% of amounts made available to carry out the Food for Peace Act through FY2023—with continued set-asides for certain geographic locations: not less than 0.1% for programs in developing countries, and not less than 0.1% for programs in SSA and CB countries. Provides that funds used to carry out F2F programs shall be counted toward the minimum level of nonemergency food assistance of the Food for Peace Act.
Reauthorizes the authorization of appropriations until 2023. Establishes both a geographically defined crop yield metrics system for evaluating the degree of F2F program success, and a grant program to facilitate new partnerships and innovative activities under the F2F program. (§3016)
|
Amends this section to allow employees or staff of a state cooperative institution to volunteer under the F2F program. Reauthorizes the authorization of appropriations through FY2023. (§3113)
|
Similar to Senate provision but includes provisions from the House provision that add specificity to the types of technical assistance American volunteers provide and establish a new grant program to facilitate partnerships and innovative activities under the F2F program. (§3116)
|
Other Food Aid Programs
|
Local and Regional Food Aid Procurement Program. Establishes a local and regional procurement program with appropriations of $80 million CB countries. Provides that
Food for Peace program funds available for
funds used to carry out F2F programs
each of FY2014-FY2018, shall be used to
shall be counted toward the minimum
carry out F2F programs with not less than
level of nonemergency food assistance
0.2% for programs in developing countries
of the Food for Peace Act.
and not less than 0.1% for programs in SSA Reauthorizes the authorization of
and CB countries. There are authorized to
appropriations until 2023. Establishes
be appropriated for each of FY2008-
both a geographically defined crop yield
FY2018 $10 mil ion for SSA and CB
metrics system for evaluating the
countries and $5 mil ion for other
degree of F2F program success, and a
developing or middle-income countries or
grant program to facilitate new
emerging markets not included in SSA or
partnerships and innovative activities
CB countries. (7 U.S.C. 1737)
under the F2F program. (§3016)
Other Food Aid Programs
Local and Regional Food Aid
Extends authority to fund this section
Same as House provision but with a
Identical to Senate provision. ((§3311)
Procurement Program. Establishes a
through FY2023. (§3201)
provision to specify the Secretary as
local and regional procurement program
the proper entity to receive
with appropriations of $80 mil ion
appropriations. (§3309)
authorized for each of FY2014-FY2018. Preference in carrying out this program may be given to eligible organizations that have, or are working toward, projects under the McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Program. Requires an annual report to Congress on the program's ’s implementation time frame, costs, and impact on local and regional producers, markets, and consumers. (7 U.S.C. 1726c)
CRS-147
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust.
Amends Section 302 of the Bil
Identical to House provision. (§3302)
Identical to House and Senate
Establishes a reserve of commodities and
Emerson Humanitarian Trust to
provisions. (§3303)
cash to meet emergency food needs in
reauthorize the trust through 2023.
developing countries when there are
(§3203)
1726c)
|
Extends authority to fund this section through FY2023. (§3201)
|
Same as House provision but with a provision to specify the Secretary as the proper entity to receive appropriations. (§3309)
|
Identical to Senate provision. ((§3311)
|
Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust. Establishes a reserve of commodities and cash to meet emergency food needs in developing countries when there are unanticipated needs or when U.S. domestic supplies are short. The trust can be held as a combination of cash and commodities. The commodities in the trust may be exchanged for funds available under Title II or the McGovern-Dole Program or for sale in the market. The funds in the trust can be invested in low-risk short-term securities or instruments. (7 U.S.C. 1736f-1 note)
Food for Progress Program. Provides
Expands eligible program cooperators
Extends authority to implement and
Similar to House provision but includes
donated commodities to participating
to include a col ege or university as
fund the Food for Progress program
the Senate provision to replace
cooperators (under agreement with the
defined in 7 U.S.C. 3103(4). Extends
through FY2023. Amends this section
presidential approval with secretarial
U.S. government and subject to
authority to implement and fund the
to replace presidential approval with
approval throughout and adds several
presidential approval) to support countries
Food for Progress program through
secretarial approval throughout.
new provisions.
that have made commitments to expand
FY2023. (§3204)
Expands eligible program cooperators
Adds a new provision authorizing a
free enterprise in their agricultural
to include land grant universities. Adds pilot program for FY2019-FY2023 (with
economies. Authorized through FY2018.
flexibility in use of funding: a
annual reporting requirements) to
(7 U.S.C. 1736o)
percentage of program assistance to
provide financial assistance to eligible
come directly from cash rather than
entities to cover the costs of
monetization of commodities,
humanitarian or development activities
supplemented by an additional $26
targeting hunger, malnutrition, and food
mil ion of CCC funding each fiscal
security. Authorizes annual
year. USDA shall issue implementing
appropriations of $10 mil ion for the
regulations and begin consultations
pilot program.
with relevant congressional committees within 270 days of
Also adds new provisions requiring
enactment. (§3301)
1736f-1 note)
|
Amends Section 302 of the Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust to reauthorize the trust through 2023. (§3203)
|
Identical to House provision. (§3302)
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§3303)
|
Food for Progress Program. Provides donated commodities to participating cooperators (under agreement with the U.S. government and subject to presidential approval) to support countries that have made commitments to expand free enterprise in their agricultural economies. Authorized through FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 1736o)
|
Expands eligible program cooperators to include a college or university as defined in 7 U.S.C. 3103(4). Extends authority to implement and fund the Food for Progress program through FY2023. (§3204)
|
Extends authority to implement and fund the Food for Progress program through FY2023. Amends this section to replace presidential approval with secretarial approval throughout. Expands eligible program cooperators to include land grant universities. Adds flexibility in use of funding: a percentage of program assistance to come directly from cash rather than monetization of commodities, supplemented by an additional $26 million of CCC funding each fiscal year. USDA shall issue implementing regulations and begin consultations with relevant congressional committees within 270 days of enactment. (§3301)
|
Similar to House provision but includes the Senate provision to replace presidential approval with secretarial approval throughout and adds several new provisions.
Adds a new provision authorizing a pilot program for FY2019-FY2023 (with annual reporting requirements) to provide financial assistance to eligible entities to cover the costs of humanitarian or development activities targeting hunger, malnutrition, and food security. Authorizes annual appropriations of $10 million for the pilot program.
Also adds new provisions requiring annual reporting on the rate of return for monetized commodities, including the factors affecting the rate of return with an explanation for any rate of return less than 70% and defines rate of
CRS-148
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
return for the purposes of annual reporting.
(§3302)
McGovern-Dole International Food
Amends this section to ensure, to the
Extends authority to implement and
Identical to Senate provision. (§3309).
for Education and Child Nutrition.
extent practicable, that assistance wil
fund the McGovern-Dole program
Makes available U.S. agricultural
be provided on a timely basis so as to
through FY2023. Amends this section
commodities and financial and technical
coincide with the beginning of the
to permit up to 10% of funding for this
assistance to carry out food for education
school year and when needed during
program be used to purchase
and child nutrition programs in foreign
the relevant school year. Extends
commodities produced in developing
countries. Authorizes such sums as may be
authority to fund this program through
recipient countries or developing
necessary during FY2008-FY2013.
FY2023. (§3205)
countries within the same regions of
(7 U.S.C. 1736o-1 note)
(§3302)
|
McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition. Makes available U.S. agricultural commodities and financial and technical assistance to carry out food for education and child nutrition programs in foreign countries. Authorizes such sums as may be necessary during FY2008-FY2013. (7 U.S.C. 1736o-1 note)
|
Amends this section to ensure, to the extent practicable, that assistance will be provided on a timely basis so as to coincide with the beginning of the school year and when needed during the relevant school year. Extends authority to fund this program through FY2023. (§3205)
|
Extends authority to implement and fund the McGovern-Dole program through FY2023. Amends this section to permit up to 10% of funding for this program be used to purchase commodities produced in developing recipient countries or developing countries within the same regions of the recipient countries that meet nutritional, quality and labeling standards of the recipient countries, and provides for associated costs of transporting those commodities. Also amends this section to direct the Secretary of Agriculture to ensure that assistance under this section is provided in a timely manner and is made available when needed throughout the applicable school year. (§3307)
Other International Agricultural Programs
Cochran Fellowship Program. As
Amends this section to permit study in
Reauthorizes and amends this section
Similar to Senate provision but includes
established by the Secretary of Agriculture, foreign col eges or universities that
to clarify that the purpose of the
the House provision that permits study
the Cochran Fellowship Program provides
have met certain criteria: have sufficient fellowship includes trade linkages
in foreign col eges or universities that
a fellowships to individuals from eligible
scientific and technical facilities, have
involving regulatory systems governing
have sufficient scientific and technical
countries—(1) middle-income countries
established a partnership with at least
sanitary and phytosanitary standards
facilities, established partnership with at
that are not receiving U.S. bilateral foreign
one col ege or university in the United
for agricultural products.
least one col ege or university in the
aid assistance, (2) middle-income countries
States, and have substantial
United States, and substantial
that have never received U.S. bilateral
participation by U.S. faculty in the
participation by U.S. faculty in the
assistance but where a mutual relationship
design of the fel owship curriculum and
Amends authorized appropriations, by
design of the fellowship curriculum and
with the United States would be beneficial,
classroom instruction under the
country category, as (1) $4 mil ion, (2)
classroom instruction under the
or (3) a country that is transitioning to a
fellowship. Also amends this section to
$3 mil ion, and (3) $6 mil ion. (§3304)
fellowship. (§3305)
representative type of government—who
clarify that the purpose of the
CRS-149
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
specialize in agriculture for study in the
fellowship includes trade linkages
United States. Appropriations are
involving regulatory systems governing
authorized, by country category, as (1) $3
sanitary and phytosanitary standards for
mil ion, (2) $2 mil ion, and (3) $5 mil ion.
agricultural products. (§3206)
(7 U.S.C. 3293)
Borlaug Fellowship Program. As
Amends current law to permit U.S.
Reauthorizes and amends this section
Similar to Senate provision but does
established by the Secretary of Agriculture, citizens to receive Borlaug fellowships
to add the development of agricultural
not include Senate language specifying
the Borlaug Fellowship Program provides
in order to assist eligible countries in
extension services in foreign countries
that capacity building projects that
fellowships for scientific training and study
developing school-based agriculture and to the purpose of the program.
fellowship alumni contribute to be
in the United States to individuals from
youth extension programs and to
Further, the section encourages the
sponsored by federal agencies or
eligible countries (i.e., developing country,
permit study in foreign col eges or
ongoing engagement of prior
institutions of higher education.
as determined by the Secretary using a
universities that have met certain
fellowship recipients to contribute to
Also, the House provision establishing a
gross national income per capita test) that
criteria. Further, Section 3207 clarifies
new or ongoing agricultural
fellowship program for U.S. citizens is
specialize in agricultural education,
that training or study of fellowship
development projects, including
adopted as a new program separate
research, and extension. The Secretary
recipients from eligible countries
capacity building projects. (§3305)
from the Borlaug Fellowship Program
shall—directly or via col aborating
outside of the United States shall occur
in Section 3307 below. (§3306)
universities—manage, coordinate, evaluate, in the United States or at a qualified and monitor the fellowship program.
col ege or university outside of the
There are authorized to be appropriated
United States. Finally, Section 3207
such sums as are necessary to carry out
authorizes appropriations of $6 mil ion
this section to remain available until
for the Borlaug fellowship program
expended. (7 U.S.C. 3319j)
with $2.8 mil ion set aside for participants from eligible foreign countries. (§3207)
No comparable provision.
See House bil Section 3207.
No comparable provision.
throughout the applicable school year. (§3307)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§3309).
|
Other International Agricultural Programs
|
Cochran Fellowship Program. As established by the Secretary of Agriculture, the Cochran Fellowship Program provides a fellowships to individuals from eligible countries—(1) middle-income countries that are not receiving U.S. bilateral foreign aid assistance, (2) middle-income countries that have never received U.S. bilateral assistance but where a mutual relationship with the United States would be beneficial, or (3) a country that is transitioning to a representative type of government—who specialize in agriculture for study in the United States. Appropriations are authorized, by country category, as (1) $3 million, (2) $2 million, and (3) $5 million. (7 U.S.C. 3293)
|
Amends this section to permit study in foreign colleges or universities that have met certain criteria: have sufficient scientific and technical facilities, have established a partnership with at least one college or university in the United States, and have substantial participation by U.S. faculty in the design of the fellowship curriculum and classroom instruction under the fellowship. Also amends this section to clarify that the purpose of the fellowship includes trade linkages involving regulatory systems governing sanitary and phytosanitary standards for agricultural products. (§3206)
|
Reauthorizes and amends this section to clarify that the purpose of the fellowship includes trade linkages involving regulatory systems governing sanitary and phytosanitary standards for agricultural products.
Amends authorized appropriations, by country category, as (1) $4 million, (2) $3 million, and (3) $6 million. (§3304)
|
Similar to Senate provision but includes the House provision that permits study in foreign colleges or universities that have sufficient scientific and technical facilities, established partnership with at least one college or university in the United States, and substantial participation by U.S. faculty in the design of the fellowship curriculum and classroom instruction under the fellowship. (§3305)
|
Borlaug Fellowship Program. As established by the Secretary of Agriculture, the Borlaug Fellowship Program provides fellowships for scientific training and study in the United States to individuals from eligible countries (i.e., developing country, as determined by the Secretary using a gross national income per capita test) that specialize in agricultural education, research, and extension. The Secretary shall—directly or via collaborating universities—manage, coordinate, evaluate, and monitor the fellowship program. There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section to remain available until expended. (7 U.S.C. 3319j)
|
Amends current law to permit U.S. citizens to receive Borlaug fellowships in order to assist eligible countries in developing school-based agriculture and youth extension programs and to permit study in foreign colleges or universities that have met certain criteria. Further, Section 3207 clarifies that training or study of fellowship recipients from eligible countries outside of the United States shall occur in the United States or at a qualified college or university outside of the United States. Finally, Section 3207 authorizes appropriations of $6 million for the Borlaug fellowship program with $2.8 million set aside for participants from eligible foreign countries. (§3207)
|
Reauthorizes and amends this section to add the development of agricultural extension services in foreign countries to the purpose of the program. Further, the section encourages the ongoing engagement of prior fellowship recipients to contribute to new or ongoing agricultural development projects, including capacity building projects. (§3305)
|
Similar to Senate provision but does not include Senate language specifying that capacity building projects that fellowship alumni contribute to be sponsored by federal agencies or institutions of higher education.
Also, the House provision establishing a fellowship program for U.S. citizens is adopted as a new program separate from the Borlaug Fellowship Program in Section 3307 below. (§3306)
|
No comparable provision.
|
See House bill Section 3207.
|
No comparable provision.
|
International Agricultural Education Fellowship Program. Similar to Section 3207 of the House billbil , but establishes the fellowship program for U.S. citizens as a new standalone program, the International Agricultural Education Fellowship Program, separate from the Borlaug Fellowship program. Authorizes appropriations of $5 millionmil ion for each of FY2019-FY2023 for the new program
CRS-150
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
to remain available until expended. (§3307)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
International Food Security
Identical to Senate provision. (§3308)
FY2019-FY2023 for the new program to remain available until expended. (§3307)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
International Food Security Technical Assistance. Amends current law by adding a new section that defines "“international food security"security” as access by any person at any time to food and nutrition that is sufficient for a healthy and productive life. It directs the Secretary to compile and make available information on the improvement of international food security. Further, the section authorizes the Secretary to provide technical assistance to certain eligible entities to implement programs for the improvement of international food security. Authorizes funding of $1 millionmil ion for each of fiscal years 2019-2023. (§3306)
Global Crop Diversity Trust. The
Amends this section to limit the
Reauthorizes appropriations for the
Similar to House provision but adds a
administrator of USAID shall contribute
aggregate contribution of U.S. funds to
Global Crop Diversity Trust through
new provision limiting the annual
funds to endow the Global Crop Diversity
the trust to 33% of the total funds
FY2023. (§3308)
contribution of U.S. funds to $5.5
Trust to assist in the conservation of
contributed from all sources and
mil ion for FY2019-FY2023. ((§3310)
genetic diversity in food crops through the
authorizes appropriations beginning
col ection and storage of germ plasm to
with FY2019. (§3208)
2023. (§3306)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§3308)
|
Global Crop Diversity Trust. The administrator of USAID shall contribute funds to endow the Global Crop Diversity Trust to assist in the conservation of genetic diversity in food crops through the collection and storage of germ plasm to provide for (1) maintenance and storage of seed col ectionsseed collections; (2) documentation and cataloguing of genetics and characteristics of conserved seeds for researchers, plant breeders, and the public; (3) building the capacity of seed collection in developing countries; (4) making information regarding crop genetic data publicly available for researchers, plant breeders, and the public; (5) operation and maintenance of a backup facility in which
CRS-151
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
are stored duplicate samples of seeds in the case of natural or man-made disasters; and (6) oversight to ensure international coordination of those actions and efficient, public accessibility to that diversity through a cost-effective system. U.S. fund contributions to the trust shall not exceed 25% of the total funds contributed from all sources. There is authorized to be appropriated $60 millionmil ion for FY2014-FY2018. (22 U.S.C. 2220a note)
Export Promotion and Market Development
Market development and export
International Market
Reauthorizes MAP, FMDP, TASC and
Consolidates USDA’s four market
assistance programs. Provides funds
Development Program. Merges
EMP. Creates the Priority Trade Fund
development and export promotion
and assistance to U.S. farmers and
USDA’s four market development and
and allows for the fund to be used
programs (MAP, FMDP, EMP, and
commodity exporters through the Market
export promotion programs into one
when MAP, FMDP, TASC and EMP
TASC) into one section while repealing
Access Program (MAP) (7 U.S.C. 5623),
program. Maintains requirements for
applications exceed authorized funding
individual statutes for these programs.
Foreign Market Development Cooperator
spending for components of MAP,
for those programs. Authorizes
Maintains requirements for funding for
Program (FMDP) (7 U.S.C. 5721),
FY2018. (22 U.S.C. 2220a note)
|
Amends this section to limit the aggregate contribution of U.S. funds to the trust to 33% of the total funds contributed from all sources and authorizes appropriations beginning with FY2019. (§3208)
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for the Global Crop Diversity Trust through FY2023. (§3308)
|
Similar to House provision but adds a new provision limiting the annual contribution of U.S. funds to $5.5 million for FY2019-FY2023. ((§3310)
|
Export Promotion and Market Development
|
Market development and export assistance programs. Provides funds and assistance to U.S. farmers and commodity exporters through the Market Access Program (MAP) (7 U.S.C. 5623), Foreign Market Development Cooperator Program (FMDP) (7 U.S.C. 5721), Emerging Markets Program (EMP) (7 U.S.C. 5622 note), and Technical Assistance for Specialty Crops Program (TASC) (7 U.S.C. 5680). Authorizes mandatory CCC funds totaling $253.5 million annually (FY2014-FY2018) across all programs.
|
International Market Development Program. Merges USDA's four market development and export promotion programs into one program. Maintains requirements for spending for components of MAP, FMDP, EMP, and TASC. Authorizes mandatory CCC funds of $255 million annually (FY2019-FY2023). Repeals individual statutes for MAP, FMDP, EMP, and TASC. (§3102)
|
Reauthorizes MAP, FMDP, TASC and EMP. Creates the Priority Trade Fund and allows for the fund to be used when MAP, FMDP, TASC and EMP applications exceed authorized funding for those programs. Authorizes mandatory CCC funds of $260 million annually (FY2019-FY2023). Allows for MAP and FMDP funding to be used to carry out authorized programs in Cuba, although projects that contravene the directives set forth under the National Security Presidential Memorandum entitled 'Strengthening the Policy of the United States Toward Cuba' issued by the President on June 16, 2017, are prohibited. (§3201)
|
Consolidates USDA's four market development and export promotion programs (MAP, FMDP, EMP, and TASC) into one section while repealing individual statutes for these programs. Maintains requirements for funding for MAP, FMDP, EMP, and TASC. Creates the Priority Trade Fund, which allows the Secretary to distribute $3.5 million for trade promotion at his discretion. Authorizes mandatory CCC funds of $255 million annually (FY2019-FY2023). Allows for MAP and FMDP funding to be used to carry out authorized programs in Cuba. (§3201)
|
Promotion of agricultural exports to emerging markets. Authorizes direct FMDP, EMP, and TASC. Authorizes
mandatory CCC funds of $260 mil ion
MAP, FMDP, EMP, and TASC. Creates
Emerging Markets Program (EMP) (7
mandatory CCC funds of $255 mil ion
annually (FY2019-FY2023). Allows for
the Priority Trade Fund, which allows
U.S.C. 5622 note), and Technical
annually (FY2019-FY2023). Repeals
MAP and FMDP funding to be used to
the Secretary to distribute $3.5 mil ion
Assistance for Specialty Crops Program
individual statutes for MAP, FMDP,
carry out authorized programs in
for trade promotion at his discretion.
(TASC) (7 U.S.C. 5680). Authorizes
EMP, and TASC. (§3102)
Cuba, although projects that
Authorizes mandatory CCC funds of
mandatory CCC funds totaling $253.5
contravene the directives set forth
$255 mil ion annually (FY2019-FY2023).
mil ion annually (FY2014-FY2018) across
under the National Security
Allows for MAP and FMDP funding to
all programs.
Presidential Memorandum entitled
be used to carry out authorized
‘Strengthening the Policy of the United
programs in Cuba. (§3201)
States Toward Cuba’ issued by the President on June 16, 2017, are prohibited. (§3201)
Promotion of agricultural exports to
Reauthorizes funding through FY2023.
Same as House provision. (§3303)
Identical to House provision ((§3304)
emerging markets. Authorizes direct
(§3202)
credits or export credit guarantees of not less than $1 billionbil ion each fiscal year through 2018 for exports to emerging markets. Requires export credit guarantees be
CRS-152
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
made available to establish or improve facilities and services for U.S. products. (7 U.S.C. 5622 note)
No comparable provision.
Biotechnology and Agricultural
No comparable provision.
Provides $2 mil ion annually until
Trade Program. Establishes a
FY2023 to the Biotechnology and
program to assist with the removal of
Agricultural Trade Program to address
nontariff and other trade barriers to
trade barriers to products produced
U.S.C. 5622 note)
|
Reauthorizes funding through FY2023. (§3202)
|
Same as House provision. (§3303)
|
Identical to House provision ((§3304)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Biotechnology and Agricultural Trade Program. Establishes a program to assist with the removal of nontariff and other trade barriers to U.S. agricultural products produced U.S. agricultural products produced
with biotechnology and other new
with biotechnology and other
agricultural technologies. (§3301)
agricultural technologies. (§1543A)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
with biotechnology and other agricultural technologies. (§1543A)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Provides $2 million annually until FY2023 to the Biotechnology and Agricultural Trade Program to address trade barriers to products produced with biotechnology and other new agricultural technologies. (§3301)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Tribal representations on trade Tribal representations on trade
Identical to Senate provision.
missions. Directs the secretary to
(§3312)
work with tribal advisors to increase the inclusion of tribal agricultural and food products in trade-related activities. Requires the establishment of goals for measuring tribal inclusion and sets a two-year deadline for a report on the department'’s efforts. (§3310)
CRS-153
Table 8. Nutrition
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
s efforts. (§3310)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§3312)
|
Prior Law/Policy
|
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
(H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
P.L. 115-334)
|
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)—Appropriations, Implementation Funding
|
Authorizes appropriations for SNAP and related programs through FY2017. (7 U.S.C. 2027(a))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations through FY2023. (§4031)
|
Authorizes appropriations for SNAP and
Reauthorizes appropriations through
Same as House. (§4112)
Same as House. (§4112)
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§4016)
|
related programs through FY2017. (7
FY2023. (§4031)
provisions. (§4016)
U.S.C. 2027(a))
Implementation funds. No comparable provision.
|
Provides $150 millionmil ion in mandatory
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
provision.
in mandatory funding in FY2019, available until expended, to be used by the Secretary to carry out the amendments made by Subtitle A, which consists of Sections 4001 to 4036. (§4036)
SNAP—Eligibility, Benefit Calculation
Thrifty Food Plan (TFP). Maximum
Requires the Secretary to re-evaluate
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision but with an
monthly benefit allotments are tied to the
the current TFP market basket and
amendment to consider dietary
cost of purchasing a nutritionally adequate
publish findings by 2022. Requires
guidance as one of the bases for re-
low-cost diet, as measured by the USDA-
subsequent re-evaluations every five
evaluation. (§4002)
created and -calculated TFP. Allotments
years. (§4004)
4001 to 4036. (§4036)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
SNAP—Eligibility, Benefit Calculation
|
Thrifty Food Plan (TFP). Maximum monthly benefit allotments are tied to the cost of purchasing a nutritionally adequate low-cost diet, as measured by the USDA-created and -calculated TFP. Allotments are adjusted for food price inflation annually, each October, to reflect the cost of the TFP in the immediately previous June. Although USDA calculates the cost of the TFP each year to account for food price inflation, the contents of the TFP—often thought of as its own market basket of goods—were last revised in 2006. Maximum allotments are standard across the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia, but they are higher—reflecting substantially different food costs—in Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, and the Virgin Islands. (7 U.S.C. 2012(u), 2017(a))
Broad-based categorical eligibility. In
Effective October 1, 2020, limits
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
addition to regular eligibility rules of 130%
categorical eligibility to TANF cash
of the federal poverty line and an asset
assistance, Supplemental Security
CRS-154
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
limit of $2,000 or $3,000 (inflation
Income, state-funded general assistance
indexed), states may opt to implement
cash benefits, or “ongoing and
broad-based categorical eligibility. Under
substantial” TANF-funded services.
this option, a SNAP applicant that receives
Limits categorical eligibility for
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
households without elderly or disabled
(TANF) cash assistance, Supplemental
members to at or below 130% of the
Security Income, state-funded general
federal poverty line. Households with
assistance cash benefits, or any TANF-
elderly or disabled members must be at
funded benefit may be deemed eligible for
or below 200% of the federal poverty
SNAP benefits and potentially not subject
line. (§4006)
Islands. (7 U.S.C. 2012(u), 2017(a))
|
Requires the Secretary to re-evaluate the current TFP market basket and publish findings by 2022. Requires subsequent re-evaluations every five years. (§4004)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision but with an amendment to consider dietary guidance as one of the bases for re-evaluation. (§4002)
|
Broad-based categorical eligibility. In addition to regular eligibility rules of 130% of the federal poverty line and an asset limit of $2,000 or $3,000 (inflation indexed), states may opt to implement broad-based categorical eligibility. Under this option, a SNAP applicant that receives Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) cash assistance, Supplemental Security Income, state-funded general assistance cash benefits, or any TANF-funded benefit may be deemed eligible for SNAP benefits and potentially not subject to asset limits. By regulation, the TANF-funded benefit must be for households at or below 200% of the federal poverty line. (7 U.S.C. 2014(a), 7 C.F.R. 273.2(j))
|
Effective October 1, 2020, limits categorical eligibility to TANF cash assistance, Supplemental Security Income, state-funded general assistance cash benefits, or "ongoing and substantial" TANF-funded services. Limits categorical eligibility for households without elderly or disabled members to at or below 130% of the federal poverty line. Households with elderly or disabled members must be at or below 200% of the federal poverty line. (§4006)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Basic allowance for housing. Some )
Basic allowance for housing. Some
Amends law to exclude from income
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
active military members receive a "“Basic
up to $500 of BAH. Amends excess
Basic Allowance for Housing"” (BAH) within their shelter deduction to include a pay (37 U.S.C. 403) in lieu of on-base or
household’s BAH above $500. (§4007)
other in-kind housing. This payment is not excluded (and therefore counted) in income for SNAP eligibility determination. (7 U.S.C. 2014(d)) Among SNAP deductions from gross income is an "“excess shelter deduction"” for which a household is eligible if housing expenses exceed a threshold set in law and adjusted annually. (7 U.S.C. 2014(e)(5))
Earned income deduction. Applicants
Increases earned income deduction to
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
annually. (7 U.S.C. 2014(e)(5))
|
Amends law to exclude from income up to $500 of BAH. Amends excess shelter deduction to include a household's BAH above $500. (§4007)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Earned income deduction. Applicants with earned income (i.e., from a job) have with earned income (i.e., from a job) have
22%. (§4008)
20% of that income deducted from their gross income for net income eligibility and benefit calculations. (7 U.S.C. 2014(e)(2))
Simplified homeless housing costs.
Requires states to include a deduction
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§4004)
For households where all members are
of $143 (indexed for inflation) for
homeless, but the household has some
households where all members are
CRS-155
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
housing costs and does not claim the
homeless, free shelter has not been
“excess shelter deduction,” states have an
provided, and the household has not
option to simplify SNAP’s calculation of
opted to use the excess shelter
housing costs with a standard deduction of
deduction. (§4009)
$143. (7 U.S.C. 2014(e)(2))
Standard utility allowances. A SNAP
For households without elderly
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
household can use a Low Income Home
members, a LIHEAP payment (of any
Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)
amount) would no longer suffice for the
payment (so long as it is greater than $20)
standard utility allowance. (§4010)
as evidence that the household has
Does not change the law for
incurred heating and cooling costs. This
households with elderly or disabled
2014(e)(2))
|
Increases earned income deduction to 22%. (§4008)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Simplified homeless housing costs. For households where all members are homeless, but the household has some housing costs and does not claim the "excess shelter deduction," states have an option to simplify SNAP's calculation of housing costs with a standard deduction of $143. (7 U.S.C. 2014(e)(2))
|
Requires states to include a deduction of $143 (indexed for inflation) for households where all members are homeless, free shelter has not been provided, and the household has not opted to use the excess shelter deduction. (§4009)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§4004)
|
Standard utility allowances. A SNAP household can use a Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) payment (so long as it is greater than $20) as evidence that the household has incurred heating and cooling costs. This documentation triggers a standard utility documentation triggers a standard utility
members.
allowance, a figure that enters into the SNAP benefit calculation equation. Unless the household is already receiving the maximum SNAP benefit, a household's ’s monthly benefit can increase if the standard utility allowance calculation
results in an excess shelter deduction. LIHEAP payments are excluded from counted income. (7 U.S.C. 2014(e)(6)(C))
Child support. For noncustodial parents
Requires all states to treat child
No comparable provision.
Requires the Secretary, in consultation
applying for SNAP, states have the option
support paid as an income exclusion,
with the Secretary of Health and
to treat child support paid as an income
not a deduction. Requires all states to
Human Services, to conduct an
exclusion (impacting eligibility and benefit
require child support cooperation for
independent evaluation of the child-
calculation) or as a deduction (impacting
custodial and noncustodial parents.
support-enforcement-related state
only benefit calculation). For SNAP
Eliminates disqualification for child
options. Specific objectives of and
eligibility, states may choose to require
support arrears. (§4011)
areas of assessment for evaluation are
custodial parent and/or noncustodial
specified in provision. The Secretary
parent cooperation with the state’s child
shall submit the report to committees
support enforcement program. States may
of jurisdiction no later than three years
choose not to require either. States may
after enactment. (§4014)
2014(e)(6)(C))
|
For households without elderly members, a LIHEAP payment (of any amount) would no longer suffice for the standard utility allowance. (§4010) Does not change the law for households with elderly or disabled members.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Child support. For noncustodial parents applying for SNAP, states have the option to treat child support paid as an income exclusion (impacting eligibility and benefit calculation) or as a deduction (impacting only benefit calculation). For SNAP eligibility, states may choose to require custodial parent and/or noncustodial parent cooperation with the state's child support enforcement program. States may choose not to require either. States may also choose to disqualify applicants based on child support arrears. (7 U.S.C. 2014(e), 2016(l)-(n))
CRS-156
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Asset/resource limits. Households
Increases asset limits to $7,000 and
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
without elderly or disabled members cannot $12,000, respectively. Continues have counted liquid assets above $2,000.
inflation adjustment. (§4012)
2014(e), 2016(l)-(n))
|
Requires all states to treat child support paid as an income exclusion, not a deduction. Requires all states to require child support cooperation for custodial and noncustodial parents. Eliminates disqualification for child support arrears. (§4011)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, to conduct an independent evaluation of the child-support-enforcement-related state options. Specific objectives of and areas of assessment for evaluation are specified in provision. The Secretary shall submit the report to committees of jurisdiction no later than three years after enactment. (§4014)
|
Asset/resource limits. Households without elderly or disabled members cannot have counted liquid assets above $2,000. Households with elderly or disabled members cannot have counted liquid assets above $3,000. Limits are adjusted annually for inflation and rounded down to the nearest $250. For FY2018, these limits were $2,250 and $3,500, respectively. (7 U.S.C. 2014(g)(1))
In calculating assets for asset limit, excludes Excludes up to $12,000 of the fair
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
up to $4,650 of the fair market value of any market value of one vehicle per household vehicle. This amount is not
licensed driver and adds inflation
adjusted for inflation. States have the
adjustment. Deletes the state option to
option to conform how they count vehicles use an alternative vehicle allowance in SNAP with how they count vehicles in
that conforms with how vehicles are
TANF. TANF frequently excludes the value counted in TANF. (§4013) of a vehicle. (7 U.S.C. 2014(g)(2))
Any savings account—regardless of
Excludes up to $2,000 (adjusted
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
whether there is a penalty for early
annually for inflation) of a household’s
withdrawal—is included in a household’s
savings from assets counted in eligibility
counted assets in eligibility. (7 U.S.C.
determination. (§4014)
2014(g)(2))
Work-related requirements.
Amends work-related rules to combine
Largely retains current law work-
Largely retains current law work-
SNAP law includes general work (or work
aspects of general work requirements
related requirements. Reorganizes
related requirements. Incorporates
registration) requirements for certain
and time limit to create one work
provisions so work-related eligibility
some aspects of House and Senate
participants; a subgroup of the work
requirement that applies to one
rules are located only in 7 U.S.C.
proposals but maintains separate
registrants is subject to a 3-month time
population (though more expanded
2015(d). Amends eligibility rules and
general work requirements and time
limit.
than the time limit subgroup).
E&T provisions to authorize
limit sections of statute.
“workforce partnerships” (described
General work requirements and E&T. Able-
Beginning in FY2021, able-bodied adults
From House bil : includes veterans
below) as a means of satisfying work
bodied, nonelderly (ages 16-60) SNAP
(ages 18-59) with no children or with
E&T programs as a way to meet time
requirements. (see below, under “E&T
applicants that are not working are
children six years of age or older are
limit requirements, requires E&T
Components and Funding”) (§4103)
required to register with the state for
required to work, participate in E&T
programs to include case management
work opportunities. Certain individuals,
(including veterans’ E&T programs at
services, reduces states’ available
such as students and those with children
Department of Labor or Veterans
CRS-157
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
under six, are exempt. Each state is
Affairs), or combine work and E&T for
exemptions from time limit from 15%
required to operate a SNAP Employment
a minimum of 20 hours per week
to 12% (beginning in FY2020).
and Training (E&T) program. States design
(increased to 25 hours in FY2026).
From Senate bil , authorizes
their respective programs’ services and
Certain individuals are exempt from the
“workforce partnerships.”
capacity and may offer workfare. States
work requirement, including pregnant
have the option to require SNAP
women. Nonexempt individuals who do
For households containing at least one
participants to participate in E&T and may
not comply with work requirement are,
adult with no elderly or disabled
require a maximum of 120 hours per
subject to exceptions for good cause,
members and with no earned income
month of participation or the number of
ineligible for benefits for 12 months for
at their last certification, requires state
hours equal to the household’s benefit
first violation and 36 months for
agency to advise nonexempt members
amount divided by the applicable minimum
subsequent violations. Eligibility
of available E&T services.
wage. Individuals that do not comply with
reinstates if an individual obtains
(Enacted changes regarding E&T
general requirements (including state-
employment sufficient to meet hourly
components and funding listed below.)
specific requirements) are, subject to
requirements or becomes exempt. If an
(§4005(a)-(b))
exceptions for good cause, ineligible for
individual becomes ineligible to
benefits anywhere from one month to
participate in SNAP as a household
indefinitely, depending on the number of
member, “the remaining household
occurrences and the state’s chosen
members (including children), shal not
options. In some cases, sanction may apply
become ineligible to apply to participate
to entire household. Program
in SNAP.”
requirements, uptake of these funds, and
For geographic or labor-market-based
activities designed vary by state. (7 U.S.C.
waivers to the work requirement,
2015(d)(4), 7 U.S.C. 2025(h))
includes but modifies the requirements
Able-bodied adults without dependents
in ABAWD time limit regulations,
(ABAWDs) time limit and available waivers
limiting the combining of areas and
and exemptions. ABAWDs (ages 18-49)
making a more stringent unemployment
who do not meet specified work
rate standard. Changes the proportion
requirements (20 hours per week of work
of the caseload that may be exempted
or comparable workfare) are limited to
from the time limit: for FY2021-
receiving three months of SNAP benefits in FY2025, 15% of covered individuals, as a 36-month period. Some are exempt from defined by bil ; for FY2026 and this time limit, including pregnant women.
thereafter, 12%.
States and portions of states may waive
During transition period of FY2019 and
enforcement of the time limit if specified
FY2020, current law work-related
unemployment conditions are met. States
requirements and ABAWD time limit
are permitted to exempt up to 15% of a
would continue to apply, but the bil ’s
specified caseload, as defined in statute,
changes to geographic or labor-market-
CRS-158
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
from the time limit. States are not required based waivers would apply for the to provide E&T or work opportunities for
transition period.
ABAWDs subject to the time limit. (7
(§4015(a),(b),(d),(e),(f),(g))
U.S.C. 2015(o); 7 C.F.R. 273.24)
U.S.C. 2014(g)(1))
|
Increases asset limits to $7,000 and $12,000, respectively. Continues inflation adjustment. (§4012)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
In calculating assets for asset limit, excludes up to $4,650 of the fair market value of any household vehicle. This amount is not adjusted for inflation. States have the option to conform how they count vehicles in SNAP with how they count vehicles in TANF. TANF frequently excludes the value of a vehicle. (7 U.S.C. 2014(g)(2))
|
Excludes up to $12,000 of the fair market value of one vehicle per licensed driver and adds inflation adjustment. Deletes the state option to use an alternative vehicle allowance that conforms with how vehicles are counted in TANF. (§4013)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Any savings account—regardless of whether there is a penalty for early withdrawal—is included in a household's counted assets in eligibility. (7 U.S.C. 2014(g)(2))
|
Excludes up to $2,000 (adjusted annually for inflation) of a household's savings from assets counted in eligibility determination. (§4014)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Work-related requirements.
SNAP law includes general work (or work registration) requirements for certain participants; a subgroup of the work registrants is subject to a 3-month time limit.
General work requirements and E&T. Able-bodied, nonelderly (ages 16-60) SNAP applicants that are not working are required to register with the state for work opportunities. Certain individuals, such as students and those with children under six, are exempt. Each state is required to operate a SNAP Employment and Training (E&T) program. States design their respective programs' services and capacity and may offer workfare. States have the option to require SNAP participants to participate in E&T and may require a maximum of 120 hours per month of participation or the number of hours equal to the household's benefit amount divided by the applicable minimum wage. Individuals that do not comply with general requirements (including state-specific requirements) are, subject to exceptions for good cause, ineligible for benefits anywhere from one month to indefinitely, depending on the number of occurrences and the state's chosen options. In some cases, sanction may apply to entire household. Program requirements, uptake of these funds, and activities designed vary by state. (7 U.S.C. 2015(d)(4), 7 U.S.C. 2025(h))
Able-bodied adults without dependents (ABAWDs) time limit and available waivers and exemptions. ABAWDs (ages 18-49) who do not meet specified work requirements (20 hours per week of work or comparable workfare) are limited to receiving three months of SNAP benefits in a 36-month period. Some are exempt from this time limit, including pregnant women. States and portions of states may waive enforcement of the time limit if specified unemployment conditions are met. States are permitted to exempt up to 15% of a specified caseload, as defined in statute, from the time limit. States are not required to provide E&T or work opportunities for ABAWDs subject to the time limit. (7 U.S.C. 2015(o); 7 C.F.R. 273.24)
|
Amends work-related rules to combine aspects of general work requirements and time limit to create one work requirement that applies to one population (though more expanded than the time limit subgroup).
Beginning in FY2021, able-bodied adults (ages 18-59) with no children or with children six years of age or older are required to work, participate in E&T (including veterans' E&T programs at Department of Labor or Veterans Affairs), or combine work and E&T for a minimum of 20 hours per week (increased to 25 hours in FY2026). Certain individuals are exempt from the work requirement, including pregnant women. Nonexempt individuals who do not comply with work requirement are, subject to exceptions for good cause, ineligible for benefits for 12 months for first violation and 36 months for subsequent violations. Eligibility reinstates if an individual obtains employment sufficient to meet hourly requirements or becomes exempt. If an individual becomes ineligible to participate in SNAP as a household member, "the remaining household members (including children), shall not become ineligible to apply to participate in SNAP."
For geographic or labor-market-based waivers to the work requirement, includes but modifies the requirements in ABAWD time limit regulations, limiting the combining of areas and making a more stringent unemployment rate standard. Changes the proportion of the caseload that may be exempted from the time limit: for FY2021-FY2025, 15% of covered individuals, as defined by bill; for FY2026 and thereafter, 12%.
During transition period of FY2019 and FY2020, current law work-related requirements and ABAWD time limit would continue to apply, but the bill's changes to geographic or labor-market-based waivers would apply for the transition period. (§4015(a),(b),(d),(e),(f),(g))
Allows a state to request earned income data from the Internal Revenue Service "“for purposes of ensuring equitable treatment among all households (including those containing a married couple)."” (§4015(h))
E&T components and funding.
Requires states to offer E&T services
States with mandatory E&T programs
Includes some of the House
States are required to offer E&T programs
for individuals subject to the work
are eligible to run such a project only if provision’s expansion of allowable E&T
that include one or more of the fol owing
requirement to get to 20 hours of
the project provides individualized case components: supervised job search
components: job search, job search
work or otherwise reach compliance.
management designed to help remove
programs, apprenticeships, subsidized
training, workfare, work experience,
Requires all state E&T programs to
barriers to employment and if
employment. Also adds activities from
education, self-employment. (7 U.S.C.
provide case management services.
participants are not assigned to
the 2014 farm bil E&T pilots that
2015(d)(4))
Modifies allowable E&T components to
activities primarily consisting of job
“have the most demonstrable impact
include supervised job search,
search, job search training, or
on the ability of participants to find
The federal government funds SNAP E&T
apprenticeships, subsidized
workforce activities. Requires that
and retain employment that leads to
in four ways: (1) $90 mil ion in mandatory
employment, family literacy, and
state E&T programs offering job search increased household income and
funds that are allocated and reallocated to
financial literacy.
as a component must also offer at least reduced reliance on public assistance.”
states based on a formula, (2) $20 mil ion
one additional component.
in mandatory funding allocated to states
For FY2020, increases to $270 mil ion
Includes Senate’s “workforce
that pledge to provide E&T to all
mandatory funds that are allocated and
Creates “workforce partnerships” as
partnerships” component.
ABAWDs, (3) open-ended matching funds
reallocated to states based on a
an E&T component, defined as
When individuals are found to be “il -
for states’ administrative costs for E&T,
formula. Increases to $1 bil ion annually
programs run by private employers, a
suited” to an E&T component,
and (4) open-ended matching funds for
in FY2021 and each fiscal year
network of private employers, or
requires state agencies to refer
states' reimbursement of E&T participants'
thereafter. In FY2021 and each year
nonprofit organizations providing
individuals to other
dependent care and transportation costs.
thereafter, reserves not more than
workforce services that are certified
components/programs or reassess the
(7 U.S.C. 2025(h))
$150 mil ion of E&T funding for
to meet certain standards. These
fitness of individuals for work.
allocation to states to provide training
programs must use no federal funding.
2014 farm bill E&T pilots. USDA selected 10
(§4005(a)-(b))
services through providers on the
states to pilot projects to test a variety of
Requires the Secretary to carry out
state’s eligible training provider list
State agencies must include in their
work and job readiness strategies for
eight or more additional E&T pilot
(defined in the Workforce Innovation
state plans the extent to which SNAP
SNAP participants, including mandatory
projects using a competitive grant
and Opportunity Act) for SNAP
E&T programs wil coordinate with
and voluntary strategies. Those pilots and
process. The Secretary may give
participants subject to hourly
their Workforce Innovation and
their independent longitudinal evaluation
priority to projects targeted to
requirements. Strikes authority to
Opportunity Act activities. (§4005(c))
are ongoing. Progress reports are available,
specified populations, including
reallocate Employment & Training
Increases the $90 mil ion funding
but evaluation is not complete. Mandatory
individuals 50 years of age or older,
funds, instead requiring states' unspent
stream to $103.9 mil ion. Specifies
CRS-159
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
funding of $200 mil ion was provided and
allocated funding to be returned to the
formerly incarcerated individuals, and
reallocation priorities for unused
was available for federal obligation until the Treasury. Strikes outdated pilot project
individuals participating in a substance
funding, including not less than 50% for
end of FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 2025(h)(1)(F)) authority in 7 U.S.C. 2026(b).
abuse treatment program. Provides
programs and activities currently being
An outdated authority, added in 1977 and
(§4015(a),(b),(d),(e),(f),(g))
mandatory funding of $92.5 mil ion in
piloted under the 2014 farm bil
to be completed in 1981, required certain
each of FY2019 and FY2020 to remain
programs, not less than 30% for
pilot projects on the performance of work
available until expended.
programs and activities to serve
in exchange for program benefits. (7
Amends 2014 farm bil pilots’ funding,
specified individuals with barriers to
U.S.C. 2026(b))
making it available until end of FY2023
employment or “ (§4015(h))
|
Largely retains current law work-related requirements. Reorganizes provisions so work-related eligibility rules are located only in 7 U.S.C. 2015(d). Amends eligibility rules and E&T provisions to authorize "workforce partnerships" (described below) as a means of satisfying work requirements. (see below, under "E&T Components and Funding") (§4103)
|
Largely retains current law work-related requirements. Incorporates some aspects of House and Senate proposals but maintains separate general work requirements and time limit sections of statute.
From House bill: includes veterans E&T programs as a way to meet time limit requirements, requires E&T programs to include case management services, reduces states' available exemptions from time limit from 15% to 12% (beginning in FY2020).
From Senate bill, authorizes "workforce partnerships."
For households containing at least one adult with no elderly or disabled members and with no earned income at their last certification, requires state agency to advise nonexempt members of available E&T services.
(Enacted changes regarding E&T components and funding listed below.)
(§4005(a)-(b))
|
E&T components and funding.
States are required to offer E&T programs that include one or more of the following components: job search, job search training, workfare, work experience, education, self-employment. (7 U.S.C. 2015(d)(4))
The federal government funds SNAP E&T in four ways: (1) $90 million in mandatory funds that are allocated and reallocated to states based on a formula, (2) $20 million in mandatory funding allocated to states that pledge to provide E&T to all ABAWDs, (3) open-ended matching funds for states' administrative costs for E&T, and (4) open-ended matching funds for states' reimbursement of E&T participants' dependent care and transportation costs. (7 U.S.C. 2025(h))
2014 farm bill E&T pilots. USDA selected 10 states to pilot projects to test a variety of work and job readiness strategies for SNAP participants, including mandatory and voluntary strategies. Those pilots and their independent longitudinal evaluation are ongoing. Progress reports are available, but evaluation is not complete. Mandatory funding of $200 million was provided and was available for federal obligation until the end of FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 2025(h)(1)(F))
An outdated authority, added in 1977 and to be completed in 1981, required certain pilot projects on the performance of work in exchange for program benefits. (7 U.S.C. 2026(b))
|
Requires states to offer E&T services for individuals subject to the work requirement to get to 20 hours of work or otherwise reach compliance. Requires all state E&T programs to provide case management services. Modifies allowable E&T components to include supervised job search, apprenticeships, subsidized employment, family literacy, and financial literacy.
For FY2020, increases to $270 million mandatory funds that are allocated and reallocated to states based on a formula. Increases to $1 billion annually in FY2021 and each fiscal year thereafter. In FY2021 and each year thereafter, reserves not more than $150 million of E&T funding for allocation to states to provide training services through providers on the state's eligible training provider list (defined in the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act) for SNAP participants subject to hourly requirements. Strikes authority to reallocate Employment & Training funds, instead requiring states' unspent allocated funding to be returned to the Treasury. Strikes outdated pilot project authority in 7 U.S.C. 2026(b).
(§4015(a),(b),(d),(e),(f),(g))
|
States with mandatory E&T programs are eligible to run such a project only if the project provides individualized case management designed to help remove barriers to employment and if participants are not assigned to activities primarily consisting of job search, job search training, or workforce activities. Requires that state E&T programs offering job search as a component must also offer at least one additional component.
Creates "workforce partnerships" as an E&T component, defined as programs run by private employers, a network of private employers, or nonprofit organizations providing workforce services that are certified to meet certain standards. These programs must use no federal funding.
Requires the Secretary to carry out eight or more additional E&T pilot projects using a competitive grant process. The Secretary may give priority to projects targeted to specified populations, including individuals 50 years of age or older, formerly incarcerated individuals, and individuals participating in a substance abuse treatment program. Provides mandatory funding of $92.5 million in each of FY2019 and FY2020 to remain available until expended.
Amends 2014 farm bill pilots' funding, making it available until end of FY2023 for continuing the pilot projects currently (as of date of enactment) being carried out and also makes funding available for the additional pilot projects. (§4103(c))
|
Includes some of the House provision's expansion of allowable E&T components: supervised job search programs, apprenticeships, subsidized employment. Also adds activities from the 2014 farm bill E&T pilots that "have the most demonstrable impact on the ability of participants to find and retain employment that leads to increased household income and reduced reliance on public assistance."
Includes Senate's "workforce partnerships" component.
When individuals are found to be "ill-suited" to an E&T component, requires state agencies to refer individuals to other components/programs or reassess the fitness of individuals for work. (§4005(a)-(b))
State agencies must include in their state plans the extent to which SNAP E&T programs will coordinate with their Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act activities. (§4005(c))
Increases the $90 million funding stream to $103.9 million. Specifies reallocation priorities for unused funding, including not less than 50% for programs and activities currently being piloted under the 2014 farm bill programs, not less than 30% for programs and activities to serve specified individuals with barriers to employment or "in households facing in households facing
for continuing the pilot projects
multi-generational poverty,"” and
currently (as of date of enactment)
and remaining funds for activities "the Secretary determines have the most demonstrable impact on the ability of “the
being carried out and also makes
Secretary determines have the most
funding available for the additional pilot demonstrable impact on the ability of projects. (§4103(c))
participants to find and retain employment that leads to increased household income and reduced reliance on public assistance."” (§4005(d))
As in House billbil , strikes outdated pilot project authority. (§4005(e)).
|
College students. For the most part, college students (attending higher education courses half-time or more) between ages 18 and 50 are ineligible for SNAP. A student enrolled in an institution of higher education more than half-time is eligible for SNAP benefits only if the
Amends the exception for parents of
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
col ege students (attending higher
children under age six to also include
education courses half-time or more)
care of an incapacitated person.
between ages 18 and 50 are ineligible for
Amends exceptions for parents to also
SNAP. A student enrol ed in an institution
apply to “other household member[s]
of higher education more than half-time is
with responsibility for the care of” the
eligible for SNAP benefits only if the
specified child or incapacitated person.
individual is (1) under age 18 or age 50 or
(§4015(c))
individual is (1) under age 18 or age 50 or older, (2) disabled, (3) enrolledenrol ed in school because of participation in certain programs, (4) employed at least 20 hours per week or participates in a work-study program during the school year, (5) a certain category of parent, or (6) receiving TANF cash assistance benefits. Eligible parent circumstances are a single parent enrolledenrol ed in school fullful -time caring for a dependent under the age of 12, a parent
CRS-160
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
caring for a dependent under age six, or a parent caring for a child between the ages of five and 12 for whom child care is not available to enable the parent to both attend class and work 20 or more hours per week. (7 U.S.C. 2015(e))
Transitional benefits. States have the
Requires states to provide five months
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
option to provide not more than five
of SNAP benefits to such households.
per week. (7 U.S.C. 2015(e))
|
Amends the exception for parents of children under age six to also include care of an incapacitated person. Amends exceptions for parents to also apply to "other household member[s] with responsibility for the care of" the specified child or incapacitated person. (§4015(c))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Transitional benefits. States have the option to provide not more than five months of SNAP benefits to households months of SNAP benefits to households
(§4024)
that have had their cash assistance from TANF terminated. The benefit amount for these months is to equal the amount received before TANF assistance was terminated. (7 U.S.C. 2020(s))
Certification period length. Length of
No comparable provision.
Maintains 12- and 24-month periods in
No comparable provision.
SNAP households’ certification period is
current law, but adds that if each adult
based on state policy, but states must set
household member is elderly or
their policy within a framework in federal
disabled and the household has no
SNAP law. Certification periods may not
earned income at the time of
exceed 12 months, unless all adult
certification, then certification periods
members of a household are elderly or
may not exceed 36 months. (§4101)
terminated. (7 U.S.C. 2020(s))
|
Requires states to provide five months of SNAP benefits to such households. (§4024)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Certification period length. Length of SNAP households' certification period is based on state policy, but states must set their policy within a framework in federal SNAP law. Certification periods may not exceed 12 months, unless all adult members of a household are elderly or disabled, in which case the certification period may be up to 24 months. (7 U.S.C. 2012(f))
Criminal convictions. In addition to a
Amends disqualification to apply to all
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
state option to ban drug felons, current
with such convictions, not only those
law bars individuals convicted (after
out of compliance with sentence or
February 7, 2014) of specified federal
fleeing felon. (§4039)
2012(f))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Maintains 12- and 24-month periods in current law, but adds that if each adult household member is elderly or disabled and the household has no earned income at the time of certification, then certification periods may not exceed 36 months. (§4101)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Criminal convictions. In addition to a state option to ban drug felons, current law bars individuals convicted (after February 7, 2014) of specified federal crimes (including murder, rape, and certain crimes against children) and state offenses determined by the Attorney General to be substantially similar, from receiving SNAP, if an individual is not in compliance with the terms of his or her sentence or who is a “a "fleeing felon."” (7 U.S.C. 2015(r)).
CRS-161
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
SNAP— (7 U.S.C. 2015(r)).
|
Amends disqualification to apply to all with such convictions, not only those out of compliance with sentence or fleeing felon. (§4039)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
SNAP— Fraud, Errors, Related State Administration Issues
|
Concurrent enrollment in multiple states. Individuals are not allowed to apply for or receive benefits from more than one state agency at a time. (7 U.S.C. 2015(j)) Some state agencies detect duplicate enrollment by exchanging enrollment data with neighboring states. Since 2013, the National Accuracy Clearinghouse (NAC), a five-state pilot, has used a database to detect and prevent duplicate enrollment.
Periodically, USDA publishes a report that uses data from the U.S. Census Bureau's Survey of Income and Program Participation to analyze participants' duration of participation. The last report was published in 2014 and uses data from 2008 to 2012.
|
Requires the Secretary to establish a Duplicative Enrollment Database. Requires the states to use the database in eligibility determinations to prevent participants from receiving benefits concurrently in multiple states. The Secretary is to establish a uniform method and format for collection and submission of data, and states are required to collect from each household member a Social Security number (or substitute), employment status, specified income, benefits, and asset information. Requires the Secretary to use the database to publish an annual report on participants' duration of participation in the program. (§4001)
|
Requires the development of a nationwide data system (called National Accuracy Clearinghouse) to prevent participants from receiving benefits concurrently in multiple states. Limits the scope of data system by requiring that the Secretary require states to make available only such information as is necessary for the multi-state duplication purpose. Specifies certain data protections, including that data shall only be used for, and shall not be retained for longer than is necessary for, the duplication prevention purpose. (§4109)
|
Incorporates aspects of House and Senate provisions. Requires the development of a National Accuracy Clearinghouse, an interstate data system to prevent multiple (by more than one state) issuances of SNAP benefits. Includes Senate provision's data protections and adds that data shall be exempt from FOIA disclosure, be used in a matter that protects the identity and location of vulnerable individuals, and meet security standards as determined by the Secretary. Requires Secretary to promulgate regulations, reflecting certain aspects specified in the Fraud, Errors, Related State Administration Issues
Concurrent enrollment in multiple
Requires the Secretary to establish a
Requires the development of a
Incorporates aspects of House and
states. Individuals are not allowed to apply Duplicative Enrol ment Database.
nationwide data system (called
Senate provisions. Requires the
for or receive benefits from more than one Requires the states to use the database
National Accuracy Clearinghouse) to
development of a National Accuracy
state agency at a time. (7 U.S.C. 2015(j))
in eligibility determinations to prevent
prevent participants from receiving
Clearinghouse, an interstate data
Some state agencies detect duplicate
participants from receiving benefits
benefits concurrently in multiple states. system to prevent multiple (by more
enrol ment by exchanging enrol ment data
concurrently in multiple states. The
Limits the scope of data system by
than one state) issuances of SNAP
with neighboring states. Since 2013, the
Secretary is to establish a uniform
requiring that the Secretary require
benefits. Includes Senate provision’s
National Accuracy Clearinghouse (NAC), a method and format for col ection and
states to make available only such
data protections and adds that data
five-state pilot, has used a database to
submission of data, and states are
information as is necessary for the
shall be exempt from FOIA disclosure,
detect and prevent duplicate enrol ment.
required to col ect from each
multi-state duplication purpose.
be used in a matter that protects the
Periodical y, USDA publishes a report that
household member a Social Security
Specifies certain data protections,
identity and location of vulnerable
uses data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s
number (or substitute), employment
including that data shall only be used
individuals, and meet security
Survey of Income and Program
status, specified income, benefits, and
for, and shall not be retained for
standards as determined by the
Participation to analyze participants’
asset information. Requires the
longer than is necessary for, the
Secretary. Requires Secretary to
duration of participation. The last report
Secretary to use the database to
duplication prevention purpose.
promulgate regulations, reflecting
was published in 2014 and uses data from
publish an annual report on
(§4109)
certain aspects specified in the
2008 to 2012.
participants’ duration of participation in
provision, not later than 18 months
the program. (§4001)
provision, not later than 18 months after enactment. The system'’s initial data matches are required within three years of enactment. (§4011)
Separately, state agencies may, with Secretary'Secretary’s approval and required guidance, establish longitudinal databases for research purposes. Databases are to include, if available, household demographic information, income and financial resources, employment status, and information about household circumstances such as deductible expenses and the
monthly SNAP allotment while protecting privacy and may include other listed data sources. The Secretary may award grants to states for their approved databases. Provision
CRS-162
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
includes mandatory funding: $20 millionmil ion for FY2019 to remain available through FY2021 and $5 millionmil ion for FY2022 and each fiscal year thereafter. (§4015)
(§4015)
|
Data matching, verification of household information. All state agencies are required to conduct certain data matches to verify applicant information. Some states may perform additional checks using federal, state, local, or private data systems in order to verify information provided by applicants. States are required to verify household income. (7 U.S.C. 2020(e), 7 C.F.R. 273.2(f))
|
No comparable provision.
|
In state plans, requires state agencies to act (clarify or verify) on data matches if the information appears to significantly conflict with that provided by household, comes from specified data matches (e.g., SSA's match of deceased individuals), is fewer than 60 days old, and would have been required to be reported by the Data matching, verification of
No comparable provision.
In state plans, requires state agencies
Adopts the portion of the Senate
household information. All state
to act (clarify or verify) on data
provision that requires state agencies
agencies are required to conduct certain
matches if the information appears to
to act (clarify or verify) on data
data matches to verify applicant
significantly conflict with that provided
matches. (§4009)
information. Some states may perform
by household, comes from specified
additional checks using federal, state, local,
data matches (e.g., SSA’s match of
or private data systems in order to verify
deceased individuals), is fewer than 60
information provided by applicants. States
days old, and would have been
are required to verify household income.
required to be reported by the
(7 U.S.C. 2020(e), 7 C.F.R. 273.2(f))
household to the state. (§4106) household to the state. (§4106)
Requires the Secretary to establish a pilot program, in no more than eight states, to test strategies to improve the accuracy or efficiency of the process for verifying earned income during households'’ certification and recertification. Before soliciting project applications, requires Secretary to assess contract options, by reviewing,
e.g., the availability and cost-effectiveness of using specified data sources. Secretary may make grants and must submit a report to Congress on the results of the pilot projects. Authorizes, in FY2019, $10 millionmil ion in mandatory funding for pilot program; funds are available until expended; no more than 10% of funding may be used for assessing contract options or writing the report to Congress. (§4107)
|
Adopts the portion of the Senate provision that requires state agencies to act (clarify or verify) on data matches. (§4009)
|
State agencies' authority to contract. States are required to use state merit system personnel to conduct SNAP certification interviews and make final decisions on eligibility determinations. (7 U.S.C. 2020(e)(6))
|
Provides states the authority to contract out certification or any other SNAP administrative function. Contractor must have no direct or indirect financial interest in an approved retail food store. (§4043)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Access to state systems. States are required to keep such records as may be necessary to determine compliance with SNAP law. The law requires that these records be available for audit and inspection. (7 U.S.C. 2020(a)(3)(B)) States participate in a federally-run Quality Control (QC) system. (7 U.S.C. 2025(c)) USDA pays half of states'
CRS-163
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
State agencies’ authority to contract.
Provides states the authority to
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
States are required to use state merit
contract out certification or any other
system personnel to conduct SNAP
SNAP administrative function.
certification interviews and make final
Contractor must have no direct or
decisions on eligibility determinations. (7
indirect financial interest in an approved
U.S.C. 2020(e)(6))
retail food store. (§4043)
Access to state systems. States are
Amends to specify that records and
Similar to House bil . Does not specify
Adopts the House provision with
required to keep such records as may be
information systems that contain
that access is subject to security
technical changes. (§4013(a), (c),
necessary to determine compliance with
records are to be made available for
protocols agreed to by the state and
(e))
SNAP law. The law requires that these
inspection and audit by the Secretary,
the Secretary. (§4110(a))
records be available for audit and
subject to security protocols agreed to
inspection. (7 U.S.C. 2020(a)(3)(B))
by the state and the Secretary. QC
States participate in a federally-run Quality
system reporting requirements are also
Control (QC) system. (7 U.S.C. 2025(c)) amended to reflect the availability of USDA pays half of states’ computer system
these records and systems. Computer
computer system costs, as allowed. (7 U.S.C. 2025(g))
|
Amends to specify that records and information systems that contain records are to be made available for inspection and audit by the Secretary, subject to security protocols agreed to by the state and the Secretary. QC system reporting requirements are also amended to reflect the availability of these records and systems. Computer costs, as allowed. (7 U.S.C. 2025(g))
systems must be accessible by the Secretary for program oversight in order to receive federal cost-share funding for computer systems. (§4023)
Error rate calculation. The SNAP QC
For FY2018 and subsequent years,
Requires the Secretary to issue interim Adopts the Senate provision with
system measures improper payments in
reduces QC tolerance level to $0.
final regulations to ensure the integrity
technical changes. (§4013(b))
SNAP by comparing the amounts of
Makes related amendments in the
of the QC system as specified further
overpayments and underpayments that
calculation of liability amounts in light of in the provision. Requires Secretary to
exceed the error tolerance level or
the changed tolerance level. (§4028)
bar from federal procurement any
threshold to total benefits issued. Error
person that, in carrying out the QC
rates are used as a basis for calculating
system, knowingly submits or causes
state award and liability amounts depending
to be submitted, false information to
on high or low performance. Via statute
the Secretary. (§4110(b))
funding for computer systems. (§4023)
|
Similar to House bill. Does not specify that access is subject to security protocols agreed to by the state and the Secretary. (§4110(a))
|
Adopts the House provision with technical changes. (§4013(a), (c), (e))
|
Error rate calculation. The SNAP QC system measures improper payments in SNAP by comparing the amounts of overpayments and underpayments that exceed the error tolerance level or threshold to total benefits issued. Error rates are used as a basis for calculating state award and liability amounts depending on high or low performance. Via statute and regulation, the threshold amount has changed over the years. Since FY2014, the quality control error threshold has been set in statute at $37 (with annual inflation adjustment). (7 U.S.C. 2025(c))
Performance awards. Based on QC
Repeals authority and funding for bonus Reduces amount and scope of
Similar to the House provision, with
system error rates and other data, USDA
awards. Beginning in FY2018, requires
performance bonus awards. Beginning
the additional specification that bonus
measures state performance and provides
Secretary to establish, by regulation,
with the awards for FY2018
awards for FY2018 performance shall
CRS-164
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
financial awards to highest performing and
performance criteria relating to actions
performance and each year thereafter,
not be awarded in FY2019.
most improved states. Performance awards taken to correct errors, reduce rates of Secretary is required to make
(§4013(d))
total $48 mil ion in mandatory funding each error, and improve eligibility
performance bonus awards to states
fiscal year. (7 U.S.C. 2025(d); 7 C.F.R.
determinations and other indicators of
for high or most improved
275.24)
effective administration as determined
performance for application processing
by the Secretary. (§4029)
timeliness only, and a total of $6 mil ionadjustment). (7 U.S.C. 2025(c))
|
For FY2018 and subsequent years, reduces QC tolerance level to $0. Makes related amendments in the calculation of liability amounts in light of the changed tolerance level. (§4028)
|
Requires the Secretary to issue interim final regulations to ensure the integrity of the QC system as specified further in the provision. Requires Secretary to bar from federal procurement any person that, in carrying out the QC system, knowingly submits or causes to be submitted, false information to the Secretary. (§4110(b))
|
Adopts the Senate provision with technical changes. (§4013(b))
|
Performance awards. Based on QC system error rates and other data, USDA measures state performance and provides financial awards to highest performing and most improved states. Performance awards total $48 million in mandatory funding each fiscal year. (7 U.S.C. 2025(d); 7 C.F.R. 275.24)
|
Repeals authority and funding for bonus awards. Beginning in FY2018, requires Secretary to establish, by regulation, performance criteria relating to actions taken to correct errors, reduce rates of error, and improve eligibility determinations and other indicators of effective administration as determined by the Secretary. (§4029)
|
Reduces amount and scope of performance bonus awards. Beginning with the awards for FY2018 performance and each year thereafter, Secretary is required to make performance bonus awards to states for high or most improved performance for application processing timeliness only, and a total of $6 million in mandatory funding is available annually. Specifies that $6 millionmil ion is available in FY2019 for Secretary to make the awards for FY2018 performance. (§4110(c))
Adjustment to percentage of
Increases to 50% the amount of
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
recovered funds retained by states.
col ected claims the state agency is
State agencies establish and col ect claims
entitled to retain. Allows states to use
against recipients who traffic SNAP
amounts col ected only for SNAP,
benefits. If a state agency col ects on a
including investments in technology and
claim resulting from fraud, such as recipient other actions to prevent fraud. trafficking or recipient application fraud,
(§4027)
FY2018 performance. (§4110(c))
|
Similar to the House provision, with the additional specification that bonus awards for FY2018 performance shall not be awarded in FY2019. (§4013(d))
|
Adjustment to percentage of recovered funds retained by states. State agencies establish and collect claims against recipients who traffic SNAP benefits. If a state agency collects on a claim resulting from fraud, such as recipient trafficking or recipient application fraud, the state agency is entitled to retain 35% of the amount collectedcol ected. (7 U.S.C. 2025(a))
States’ computer system costs are eligible
No comparable provision.
System testing. Requires state
Similar to the Senate bil with a
for receiving federal matching funds. (7
agencies to test automatic data
technical change. (§4012)
U.S.C. 2025(g))
. (7 U.S.C. 2025(a))
|
Increases to 50% the amount of collected claims the state agency is entitled to retain. Allows states to use amounts collected only for SNAP, including investments in technology and other actions to prevent fraud. (§4027)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
States' computer system costs are eligible for receiving federal matching funds. (7 U.S.C. 2025(g))
|
No comparable provision.
|
System testing. Requires state agencies to test automatic data processing and information retrieval systems in a live production environment prior to implementation in order to receive federal match. (§4111)
|
Similar to the Senate bill with a technical change. (§4012)
|
Retail food store and recipient trafficking. Authorizes civil penalties and SNAP disqualification penalties for retailers
Retail food store and recipient
Extends authorization of $5 mil ion
No comparable provision.
Identical to the House provision.
trafficking. Authorizes civil penalties and
annual funding through FY2023.
(§4020)
SNAP disqualification penalties for retailers
(§4034)
that engage in SNAP trafficking (the sale of SNAP benefits for money or ineligible items). USDA enforces those penalties through a variety of activities and funds from the SNAP account. Provides additional grant funding to track and
CRS-165
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
prevent SNAP trafficking: $15 millionmil ion in mandatory funding in FY2014, which was available until expended; authorizes up to $5 mil ion$5 million, subject to appropriations, for each year from FY2014 through FY2018. (7 U.S.C. §2036b)
|
Extends authorization of $5 million annual funding through FY2023. (§4034)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to the House provision. (§4020)
|
2036b)
SNAP—Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) Systems, Retailers, Eligible Foods
|
EBT standards. Required state agencies to implement EBT systems by October 1,
Requires Secretary to periodically
Related changes in Section 4104(c)-(d).
Includes House language requiring
to implement EBT systems by October 1,
update EBT system regulations.
(summarized below)
Secretary to periodically update EBT
2002, unless Secretary provided a waiver.
Requires Secretary to include “risk-
system regulations but does not
Requires Secretary to issue final
based measures” to maximize system
include “risk-based measures”
regulations that establish standards for the
security based on what the state agency
language. (§4006(b))
approval of such systems. (7 U.S.C.
considers appropriate and cost-
2016(h)(1)-(2))
effective, balanced against recipients’ program access. (§4016)
Processing fees. No “interchange fees”
Bars a state or an agent or contractor
Similar to House provision but ban on
Incorporates aspects of House and
shall apply to EBT transactions. No bar on
of the state from charging any fee for
fees is in effect through FY2022.
Senate provisions, banning switching
“switching” fees in Food and Nutrition Act, switching or routing SNAP benefits.
(§4104(a))
fees through FY2023. (§4006(d))
the statute authorizing SNAP. (7 U.S.C.
Switching is defined as “routing of an
2016(f)(13)) In recent years, third-party
intrastate or interstate transaction that
processors have been charging retailers
consists of transmitting the details of a
fees for switching and routing SNAP
transaction electronically recorded
benefits. FY2018 appropriations law
through the use of an [EBT] card in one
provision bars charging of “switching fees”
State to the issuer of the card that may
through FY2019. (P.L. 115-141, §750)
be in the same or different State.” (§4018)
Replacement of EBT cards. Secretary
Amends statute to specify that “2 lost
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
has the authority to require states to
cards in a 12-month period” is an
decline, unless an explanation is provided,
excessive number. (§4019)
Requires Secretary to issue final regulations that establish standards for the approval of such systems. (7 U.S.C. 2016(h)(1)-(2))
|
Requires Secretary to periodically update EBT system regulations. Requires Secretary to include "risk-based measures" to maximize system security based on what the state agency considers appropriate and cost-effective, balanced against recipients' program access. (§4016)
|
Related changes in Section 4104(c)-(d). (summarized below)
|
Includes House language requiring Secretary to periodically update EBT system regulations but does not include "risk-based measures" language. (§4006(b))
|
Processing fees. No "interchange fees" shall apply to EBT transactions. No bar on "switching" fees in Food and Nutrition Act, the statute authorizing SNAP. (7 U.S.C. 2016(f)(13)) In recent years, third-party processors have been charging retailers fees for switching and routing SNAP benefits. FY2018 appropriations law provision bars charging of "switching fees" through FY2019. (P.L. 115-141, §750)
|
Bars a state or an agent or contractor of the state from charging any fee for switching or routing SNAP benefits. Switching is defined as "routing of an intrastate or interstate transaction that consists of transmitting the details of a transaction electronically recorded through the use of an [EBT] card in one State to the issuer of the card that may be in the same or different State." (§4018)
|
Similar to House provision but ban on fees is in effect through FY2022. (§4104(a))
|
Incorporates aspects of House and Senate provisions, banning switching fees through FY2023. (§4006(d))
|
Replacement of EBT cards. Secretary has the authority to require states to decline, unless an explanation is provided, to issue a replacement card to a household that has made "“excessive requests"” for replacement cards. (7 U.S.C. 2016(h)(8)) Current regulations require a state to contact a household after they have made four replacement requests in a
CRS-166
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
12-month period. (7 C.F.R. 274.6(b)(6)) In December 2017, USDA'’s Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) granted a waiver for one state to contact recipients who request a replacement card more than two times in a 12-month period.
Benefit recovery. States may store
Allows benefit storage after a
No comparable provision.
Incorporates aspects of House
offline benefits a household has not
household has not accessed SNAP
provision. Allows benefit storage after
accessed in a sixtimes in a 12-month period.
|
Amends statute to specify that "2 lost cards in a 12-month period" is an excessive number. (§4019)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Benefit recovery. States may store offline benefits a household has not accessed in a six-month period. States must expunge from participants' EBT cards benefits that have not been accessed after a 12-month period. (7 U.S.C. 2016(h)(12))
|
Allows benefit storage after a household has not accessed SNAP account for three months or due to the death of all members of the household. Requires benefit expunging if the benefits have not been accessed by a household for six months or upon verification that all members of the household are deceased. (§4020)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Incorporates aspects of House provision. Allows benefit storage after a household has not accessed SNAP account for three months or due to death of all members of the household. Requires benefit expunging if the benefits have not been accessed by a household for nine months or upon -month period. States
account for three months or due to the
a household has not accessed SNAP
must expunge from participants' EBT cards
death of all members of the household.
account for three months or due to
benefits that have not been accessed after
Requires benefit expunging if the
death of all members of the household.
a 12-month period. (7 U.S.C.
benefits have not been accessed by a
Requires benefit expunging if the
2016(h)(12))
household for six months or upon
benefits have not been accessed by a
verification that all members of the
household for nine months or upon
household are deceased. (§4020)
verification that all members of the household are deceased. Requires states to notify household of storage or expungement actions and to make
offline benefits available no later than 48 hours after a household'’s request (§4006(c))
|
Online acceptance of benefits.
Amends definition of retail food store to
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§4001)
Requires, depending on results of a
include “online entity.” Amends pilot
demonstration project, that USDA
provision to require nationwide
authorize retailers to accept benefits
implementation of online benefit
online. (7 U.S.C. 2016(k))
redemption. (§4021)
Demonstration is ongoing.
USDA is required to set procedures for
National gateway. Expands the
Requires GAO to study EBT fees,
Includes the portions of Senate
the delivery of benefits to benefit issuers
Secretary’s EBT authority to set
outages, and intermediaries providing
provision requiring the Secretary to
(i.e., state-contracted EBT processors). (7
procedures for independent sales
services between retailers and state-
issue guidance for retailers and
U.S.C. 2016(d)) To connect to the
organizations, third-party processors,
contracted EBT processors. Requires
allowing the Secretary to require
state’s EBT processor and accept SNAP,
and web service providers (each
the Secretary to review state EBT
applicant retailers to provide certain
most SNAP-authorized retailers are
defined in provision) in addition to
contract service agreements,
EBT-related information during the
required to pay for their own EBT
benefit issuers. Requires, pending the
compatibility of systems with USDA
retailer authorization process.
equipment and services. (7 U.S.C.
completion of a feasibility study, the
fraud monitoring systems, and third-
(§4104(d))
2016(f)(2)) These retailers purchase
Secretary to establish a centralized
party applications’ access to EBT
CRS-167
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
equipment and processing services from a
“national gateway” through which all
systems; review is to be based on a
variety of private entities. Between the
SNAP transactions are required to
minimum of five states. Requires
retailer and EBT processor, transactions
route. States are required to ensure
Secretary, based on study and review,
are technologically routed through third-
that benefit issuers connect to the
to promulgate regulations or guidance
party processors and sometimes
national gateway. The Secretary is
appropriate to prohibit the imposition
“gateways.” A variety of third parties can
required to set and col ect fees, paid by
of fees, minimize and update
hinder USDA access to and analysis of
benefit issuers and third-party
procedures for outages, and other
SNAP data.
processors, to sustain the national
specified topics. (§4104(c))
gateway. Provision includes additional
Requires that the Secretary issue
specifications for study and gateway.
guidance to retailers on selecting EBT
Authorizes funding of $10.5 mil ion for
equipment and service providers that
FY2019 and $9.5 mil ion for each of
provide sufficient transaction
FY2020-FY2023 and allows no more
information to minimize the risk of
than $1 mil ion from these funds to be
fraudulent transactions. Allows the
used for the study. (§4022)
Online acceptance of benefits. Requires, depending on results of a demonstration project, that USDA authorize retailers to accept benefits online. (7 U.S.C. 2016(k)) Demonstration is ongoing.
|
Amends definition of retail food store to include "online entity." Amends pilot provision to require nationwide implementation of online benefit redemption. (§4021)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§4001)
|
USDA is required to set procedures for the delivery of benefits to benefit issuers (i.e., state-contracted EBT processors). (7 U.S.C. 2016(d)) To connect to the state's EBT processor and accept SNAP, most SNAP-authorized retailers are required to pay for their own EBT equipment and services. (7 U.S.C. 2016(f)(2)) These retailers purchase equipment and processing services from a variety of private entities. Between the retailer and EBT processor, transactions are technologically routed through third-party processors and sometimes "gateways." A variety of third parties can hinder USDA access to and analysis of SNAP data.
|
National gateway. Expands the Secretary's EBT authority to set procedures for independent sales organizations, third-party processors, and web service providers (each defined in provision) in addition to benefit issuers. Requires, pending the completion of a feasibility study, the Secretary to establish a centralized "national gateway" through which all SNAP transactions are required to route. States are required to ensure that benefit issuers connect to the national gateway. The Secretary is required to set and collect fees, paid by benefit issuers and third-party processors, to sustain the national gateway. Provision includes additional specifications for study and gateway. Authorizes funding of $10.5 million for FY2019 and $9.5 million for each of FY2020-FY2023 and allows no more than $1 million from these funds to be used for the study. (§4022)
|
Requires GAO to study EBT fees, outages, and intermediaries providing services between retailers and state-contracted EBT processors. Requires the Secretary to review state EBT contract service agreements, compatibility of systems with USDA fraud monitoring systems, and third-party applications' access to EBT systems; review is to be based on a minimum of five states. Requires Secretary, based on study and review, to promulgate regulations or guidance appropriate to prohibit the imposition of fees, minimize and update procedures for outages, and other specified topics. (§4104(c))
Requires that the Secretary issue guidance to retailers on selecting EBT equipment and service providers that provide sufficient transaction information to minimize the risk of fraudulent transactions. Allows the Secretary to require applicant retailers to provide certain EBT-related information during retailer authorization process. (§4104(d))
|
Includes the portions of Senate provision requiring the Secretary to issue guidance for retailers and allowing the Secretary to require applicant retailers to provide certain EBT-related information during the retailer authorization process. (§4104(d))
No comparable provision. USDA
SNAP benefit transfer transaction
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
undertook research on SNAP recipients’
data report. Requires the Secretary
purchases using 2011 transaction data and
to col ect, not more often than every
published a report in November 2016.
authorization process. (§4104(d))
|
No comparable provision. USDA undertook research on SNAP recipients' purchases using 2011 transaction data and published a report in November 2016.
|
SNAP benefit transfer transaction data report. Requires the Secretary to collect, not more often than every two years, a statistically significant sample of retailer food store transaction data, including cost and description of items purchased with SNAP, and to summarize and report that data in a manner that prevents identification of individual retailer food store chains and SNAP recipients. Provision requires specified data protections. (§4026)
Mobile technologies. Depending on
Amends this provision to create a
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision, except
results of an authorized demonstration
different pilot to test SNAP recipients’
demonstration project states are to be
project, retailers are authorized to conduct use of mobile technology (e.g.,
selected by January 1, 2021.
EBT transactions using mobile technologies
smartphones) to redeem their SNAP
(§4006(e))
(defined as “electronic means other than
benefits. Authorizes up to five states to
CRS-168
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
wired point of sale devices”) if retailers
pilot. States are to submit a plan to the
meet certain requirements. (7 U.S.C.
Secretary that meets certain
2016(h)(14))
protections. (§4026)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Mobile technologies. Depending on results of an authorized demonstration project, retailers are authorized to conduct EBT transactions using mobile technologies (defined as "electronic means other than wired point of sale devices") if retailers meet certain requirements. (7 U.S.C. 2016(h)(14))
|
Amends this provision to create a different pilot to test SNAP recipients' use of mobile technology (e.g., smartphones) to redeem their SNAP benefits. Authorizes up to five states to pilot. States are to submit a plan to the Secretary that meets certain requirements including recipient privacy, access protections, and retailers (with some exemptions) bearing the costs of implementation. States are to be selected by January 1, 2020. By January 1, 2022, the Secretary is required to determine whether to implement in all states and/or whether further study is required. Participating retailers are to bear the costs of equipment and supplies for the benefit redemption, including fees. (§4017)
|
Meal providers accepting SNAP
Requires Secretary to review a
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision with some
benefits. Specified facilities that serve
representative sample of those elderly-
technical changes. Nothing in this
meals to the elderly and disabled (and their and disabled-serving facilities authorized
provision authorizes the Secretary to
spouses) may become authorized to accept to accept benefits and determine
deny authorization based on a
SNAP benefits as payment for those meals;
whether benefits are properly used by
determination that facilities’ residents
this includes senior citizens’ centers,
or on behalf of participating households
were residents of an institution prior
apartment buildings occupied primarily by
residing in such facilities in 7 U.S.C.
to 18 months after enactment.
the elderly and disabled, public or private
2012(k)(3). Gives the Secretary
(§4007)
nonprofit establishments that feed the
discretion to carry out similar reviews
elderly and disabled, and federally
for group living arrangements and drug
Similar to House provision, except demonstration project states are to be selected by January 1, 2021. (§4006(e))
|
Meal providers accepting SNAP benefits. Specified facilities that serve meals to the elderly and disabled (and their spouses) may become authorized to accept SNAP benefits as payment for those meals; this includes senior citizens' centers, apartment buildings occupied primarily by the elderly and disabled, public or private nonprofit establishments that feed the elderly and disabled, and federally subsidized housing for the elderly. (7 subsidized housing for the elderly. (7
and alcohol treatment facilities.
U.S.C. 2012(k)(3), (o)(2)) Group living arrangements and drug and alcohol treatment facilities may become authorized
Specifies that nothing in this provision
arrangements and drug and alcohol
authorizes the Secretary to deny an
treatment facilities may become authorized application for authorization based on a to accept SNAP benefits as payment for
determination that facilities’ residents
to accept SNAP benefits as payment for those meals provided. (7 U.S.C.
were residents of an institution prior to
2012(k)(5), (k)(7), (o)(2)) Treatment
the submission of the required report
facilities and group living arrangements may to Congress, or three years after serve as authorized representatives for
enactment, whichever is earlier.
SNAP participants in their care. (7 U.S.C.
(§4038)
2017(e)(f))
CRS-169
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
In general, SNAP benefits may be
Makes “multivitamin-mineral dietary
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
redeemed for any foods for home
supplement,” as defined in the
preparation and consumption. SNAP
provision, eligible for purchase with
benefits may not be redeemed for alcohol,
SNAP benefits. (§4037)
2012(k)(5), (k)(7), (o)(2)) Treatment facilities and group living arrangements may serve as authorized representatives for SNAP participants in their care. (7 U.S.C. 2017(e)(f))
|
Requires Secretary to review a representative sample of those elderly- and disabled-serving facilities authorized to accept benefits and determine whether benefits are properly used by or on behalf of participating households residing in such facilities in 7 U.S.C. 2012(k)(3). Gives the Secretary discretion to carry out similar reviews for group living arrangements and drug and alcohol treatment facilities. Specifies that nothing in this provision authorizes the Secretary to deny an application for authorization based on a determination that facilities' residents were residents of an institution prior to the submission of the required report to Congress, or three years after enactment, whichever is earlier. (§4038)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision with some technical changes. Nothing in this provision authorizes the Secretary to deny authorization based on a determination that facilities' residents were residents of an institution prior to 18 months after enactment. (§4007)
|
In general, SNAP benefits may be redeemed for any foods for home preparation and consumption. SNAP benefits may not be redeemed for alcohol, tobacco, or hot foods intended for immediate consumption. (7 U.S.C. 2012(k))
SNAP authorization law refers to retailer
No comparable provision.
Allows farmer’s markets and direct
Identical to Senate provision.
establishments in the singular (e.g., “an
marketing farmers to operate an EBT
(§4006(a))
establishment,” “a store”2012(k))
|
Makes "multivitamin-mineral dietary supplement," as defined in the provision, eligible for purchase with SNAP benefits. (§4037)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
SNAP authorization law refers to retailer establishments in the singular (e.g., "an establishment," "a store"). (7 U.S.C. ). (7 U.S.C.
point of sale device at more than one
2012(o); 2018(c),(d)) FNS has long
location under the same SNAP retailer
interpreted this to mean one SNAP
authorization, provided that retailer
retailer authorization authorizes one
2012(o); 2018(c),(d)) FNS has long interpreted this to mean one SNAP retailer authorization authorizes one location.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Allows farmer's markets and direct marketing farmers to operate an EBT point of sale device at more than one location under the same SNAP retailer authorization, provided that retailer provides specified information to the provides specified information to the
location.
Secretary. (§4104(b))
SNAP—Other SNAP-Related Grants
Food Insecurity Nutrition Incentive
Renames the program The Gus
Renames the program The Gus
Similar to Senate provision with some
(FINI) and other bonus incentive
Schumacher Food Insecurity
Schumacher Food Insecurity
amendments. Includes a produce
programs. Grant program provides grants Nutrition Incentive Program. Adds
Nutrition Incentive Program.
prescription program within FINI and
to governmental agencies and nonprofit
new priority criteria for the awarding
Amends definition of eligible entity to
related funding (more detail below).
organizations for projects that “increase
of grants. Certain other additional
“governmental agency or nonprofit
Provides mandatory funding: $45
the purchase of fruits and vegetables by
priority criteria are at the Secretary’s
organization.” Makes Puerto Rico and
mil ion for FY2019, $48 mil ion for
low-income consumers participating in
discretion. Limits program incentives to American Samoa eligible for grants.
each of FY2020 and FY2021, $53
[SNAP] by providing incentives at the point financial incentives. Requires Secretary
Allows grantees to partner or make
mil ion for FY2022, $56 mil ion for
of purchase.” Typically, these are projects
to consult with the director of the
subgrants to a list of organizational
FY2023 and each year thereafter.
that provide matching “bonus dol ars”
National Institute of Food and
types. Allows tribal agency grantees to
Within each year of funding, the
when a SNAP purchase of fruits or
Agriculture (NIFA) to establish a
use certain federal funding to meet
Secretary shall use not more than 10%
vegetables is made. Retailers often partner
training, evaluation, and information
matching requirements. Requires
for the produce prescription program
with grantees, and retailers financially
center for use by program grantees.
grantees to measure fruit and
and not more than 8% for NIFA and
benefit from incentives, but for-profit
Increases funding, providing $45 mil ion
vegetable purchases, except in the case FNS administration. The established
retailers are not eligible grantees.
for FY2019, $50 mil ion for FY2020,
of projects receiving $100,000 or less.
“Nutrition Incentive Program Training,
Mandatory funding is provided through a
$55 mil ion for FY2021, $60 mil ion for
Adds new priority criteria for the
Technical Assistance, Evaluation, and
transfer from the Commodity Credit
FY2022, and $65 mil ion for FY2023
awarding of grants, some the same and
Information Centers” are to receive
Corporation (CCC): $35 mil ion for
and each year thereafter. (§4003)
some different from the House-passed
not more than $17 mil ion in aggregate
FY2014 and FY2015, $20 mil ion for each
bil . Requires the Secretary to establish
for FY2019 and FY2020 and $7 mil ion
of FY2016 and FY2017, $25 mil ion for
one or more training and technical
CRS-170
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
FY2018. FINI evaluation is ongoing. (7
centers and one or more information
for each of FY2021, FY2022, and
U.S.C. 7517(b))
and evaluation centers to provide
FY2023. (§4205)
Secretary. (§4104(b))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§4006(a))
|
SNAP—Other SNAP-Related Grants
|
Food Insecurity Nutrition Incentive (FINI) and other bonus incentive programs. Grant program provides grants to governmental agencies and nonprofit organizations for projects that "increase the purchase of fruits and vegetables by low-income consumers participating in [SNAP] by providing incentives at the point of purchase." Typically, these are projects that provide matching "bonus dollars" when a SNAP purchase of fruits or vegetables is made. Retailers often partner with grantees, and retailers financially benefit from incentives, but for-profit retailers are not eligible grantees. Mandatory funding is provided through a transfer from the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC): $35 million for FY2014 and FY2015, $20 million for each of FY2016 and FY2017, $25 million for FY2018. FINI evaluation is ongoing. (7 U.S.C. 7517(b))
|
Renames the program The Gus Schumacher Food Insecurity Nutrition Incentive Program. Adds new priority criteria for the awarding of grants. Certain other additional priority criteria are at the Secretary's discretion. Limits program incentives to financial incentives. Requires Secretary to consult with the director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) to establish a training, evaluation, and information center for use by program grantees. Increases funding, providing $45 million for FY2019, $50 million for FY2020, $55 million for FY2021, $60 million for FY2022, and $65 million for FY2023 and each year thereafter. (§4003)
|
Renames the program The Gus Schumacher Food Insecurity Nutrition Incentive Program. Amends definition of eligible entity to "governmental agency or nonprofit organization." Makes Puerto Rico and American Samoa eligible for grants. Allows grantees to partner or make subgrants to a list of organizational types. Allows tribal agency grantees to use certain federal funding to meet matching requirements. Requires grantees to measure fruit and vegetable purchases, except in the case of projects receiving $100,000 or less. Adds new priority criteria for the awarding of grants, some the same and some different from the House-passed bill. Requires the Secretary to establish one or more training and technical centers and one or more information and evaluation centers to provide specified technical assistance and evaluation support, including information on point-of-sale technology. Requires the information and evaluation centers to use standard metrics developed in collaboration col aboration with the director of NIFA and administrator of FNS. Requires the Secretary to conduct and publish an evaluation of each project annually. Increases mandatory funding, providing $50 mil ion$50 million for FY2019 and each fiscal year thereafter. Not more than 15% of the funding is to be allocated for the centers and evaluation. (§4303)
Produce prescription programs. Under
No comparable provision.
Establishes Harvesting Health Pilot
Establishes produce prescription
current law and agency grant-making, some
Projects, a grant program to conduct
program, similar to Senate bil with
FINI grants fund “produce [fruit and
pilot projects that demonstrate and
amendments, within the Gus
vegetable] prescription programs,” that
evaluate the impact of “produce
Schumacher FINI program. No longer
provide fruits and vegetables in health care
prescription programs” on the
uses “Harvesting Health Pilot Projects”
environments to SNAP participants who
improvement of dietary health through name. Requires produce prescription
are patients with diet-related health
increased consumption of fruits and
projects to share information with the
conditions. Nonfederal funds may also
vegetables, the reduction of individual
Nutrition Incentive Program Training,
support such programs.
and household food insecurity, and the
Technical Assistance, Evaluation, and
reduction in health care use and
Information Centers. Strikes limitation
associated costs. “Produce
on grantees conducting SNAP or
prescription program” is defined as a
Medicaid eligibility determinations.
program that prescribes fresh fruits
Mandatory funding provided within
and vegetables to eligible individuals,
Gus Schumacher FINI totals (see
and that may: provide financial or
above). (§4205)
centers and evaluation. (§4303)
|
Similar to Senate provision with some amendments. Includes a produce prescription program within FINI and related funding (more detail below). Provides mandatory funding: $45 million for FY2019, $48 million for each of FY2020 and FY2021, $53 million for FY2022, $56 million for FY2023 and each year thereafter. Within each year of funding, the Secretary shall use not more than 10% for the produce prescription program and not more than 8% for NIFA and FNS administration. The established "Nutrition Incentive Program Training, Technical Assistance, Evaluation, and Information Centers" are to receive not more than $17 million in aggregate for FY2019 and FY2020 and $7 million for each of FY2021, FY2022, and FY2023. (§4205)
|
Produce prescription programs. Under current law and agency grant-making, some FINI grants fund "produce [fruit and vegetable] prescription programs," that provide fruits and vegetables in health care environments to SNAP participants who are patients with diet-related health conditions. Nonfederal funds may also support such programs.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Establishes Harvesting Health Pilot Projects, a grant program to conduct pilot projects that demonstrate and evaluate the impact of "produce prescription programs" on the improvement of dietary health through increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, the reduction of individual and household food insecurity, and the reduction in health care use and associated costs. "Produce prescription program" is defined as a program that prescribes fresh fruits and vegetables to eligible individuals, and that may: provide financial or nonfinancial incentives for members to purchase fresh fruits and vegetables or educational resources on nutrition, or establish additional accessible locations for members to procure fresh fruits
CRS-171
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
and vegetables. Entities eligible for grants must be a nonprofit organization, state, or local government; and entities must partner with one or more health care partners (defined as a hospital, federally-qualified health center, Veterans Affairs hospital or clinic, or a health care provider group). These projects serve individuals who, as determined by the Secretary, are eligible for SNAP or Medicaid, but the prescription programs themselves cannot conduct an eligibility determination for SNAP or Medicaid. Requires Secretary's collaboration’s col aboration with Secretary of Health and Human Services and "“heads of other appropriate federal agencies." ” Provides mandatory funding of $4 millionmil ion for each of FY2019 through FY2023; the Secretary may use not greater than 10% of funding to pay for administering, monitoring, and evaluating each pilot project. (§4304)
Retailer-provided incentives. For a retailer to
Establishes a Retailer-Funded Incentives
Requires Secretary to promulgate
Adopts a Retail Incentives provision,
provide incentives (such as for fruit and
Pilot through which authorized retail
regulations clarifying the process by
requiring the Secretary to issue
vegetable purchases) to SNAP participants,
food stores may receive federal funding
which a retail food store may seek a
guidance to clarify the process by
whether or not federally-funded, requires
to provide bonus incentives to SNAP
waiver to offer SNAP bonus incentives
which an approved retail food store
USDA to waive equal treatment
households for purchases of fruits,
for certain eligible foods (defined as a
may seek a waiver to offer an
regulations which specify that “no retailer
vegetables, and milk. The Secretary is
food that is “identified for increased
incentive. Eligible incentive foods are
food store may single out coupon users for required to reimburse retailers at a
consumption” by the most recent
“a staple food that is identified for
special treatment in any way.” (7 C.F.R.
rate not to exceed 25% of total
Dietary Guidelines for Americans and
increased consumption, consistent
278.2)
bonuses earned by households.
is a fruit, vegetable, low-fat dairy, or
with the most recent dietary
Types of Food. FINI and related funding
Retailers participating in FINI are not
whole grain). Among other
recommendations” and “a fruit,
allows for incentives for fruit and vegetable
eligible. Aggregate value of
requirements for regulations, a waiver
vegetable, dairy, whole grain, or
purchases but does not mention other
reimbursements in a pilot project shall
granted shall not be used to limit the
product thereof.” Guidance may not
types of food. (7 U.S.C. 7517(b))
not exceed $120 mil ion each fiscal
use of benefits. (§4105)
be used to limit the use of SNAP
CRS-172
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
year. Mandatory funding from SNAP
Pilot projects to increase
benefits. Does not provide federal
account provided. (§4002)
purchase of cow milk. Authorizes
funding for incentives. (§4008)
the Secretary to carry out pilot
Healthy Fluid Milk Incentive
projects to develop and test methods
Projects. Similar to Senate pilot
that would, by providing an incentive
projects provision and same level of
for the purchase of milk at the point of
discretionary funding. Projects are to
purchase, increase the purchase of
increase the purchase and
fluid milk, in a manner consistent with
consumption of fluid milk by members
the most recent Dietary Guidelines for of households that receive SNAP
Americans, by those participating in
benefits. Strikes the Senate bil ’s focus
SNAP who under-consume milk.
on those who “under-consume” milk.
Secretary may award cooperative
Secretary may award cooperative
agreements or grants to governmental
agreements or grants to governmental
agencies or nonprofit organizations for
agencies or nonprofit organizations,
this purpose, including allowing
striking the subgrants to retailers.
awardees to award subgrants to
Funding for specified evaluation is
SNAP-authorized retailers. Funding
limited to 7% of funding provided.
evaluating each pilot project. (§4304)
|
Establishes produce prescription program, similar to Senate bill with amendments, within the Gus Schumacher FINI program. No longer uses "Harvesting Health Pilot Projects" name. Requires produce prescription projects to share information with the Nutrition Incentive Program Training, Technical Assistance, Evaluation, and Information Centers. Strikes limitation on grantees conducting SNAP or Medicaid eligibility determinations. Mandatory funding provided within Gus Schumacher FINI totals (see above). (§4205)
|
Retailer-provided incentives. For a retailer to provide incentives (such as for fruit and vegetable purchases) to SNAP participants, whether or not federally-funded, requires USDA to waive equal treatment regulations which specify that "no retailer food store may single out coupon users for special treatment in any way." (7 C.F.R. 278.2)
Types of Food. FINI and related funding allows for incentives for fruit and vegetable purchases but does not mention other types of food. (7 U.S.C. 7517(b))
|
Establishes a Retailer-Funded Incentives Pilot through which authorized retail food stores may receive federal funding to provide bonus incentives to SNAP households for purchases of fruits, vegetables, and milk. The Secretary is required to reimburse retailers at a rate not to exceed 25% of total bonuses earned by households. Retailers participating in FINI are not eligible. Aggregate value of reimbursements in a pilot project shall not exceed $120 million each fiscal year. Mandatory funding from SNAP account provided. (§4002)
|
Requires Secretary to promulgate regulations clarifying the process by which a retail food store may seek a waiver to offer SNAP bonus incentives for certain eligible foods (defined as a food that is "identified for increased consumption" by the most recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans and is a fruit, vegetable, low-fat dairy, or whole grain). Among other requirements for regulations, a waiver granted shall not be used to limit the use of benefits. (§4105)
Pilot projects to increase purchase of cow milk. Authorizes the Secretary to carry out pilot projects to develop and test methods that would, by providing an incentive for the purchase of milk at the point of purchase, increase the purchase of fluid milk, in a manner consistent with the most recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans, by those participating in SNAP who under-consume milk. Secretary may award cooperative agreements or grants to governmental agencies or nonprofit organizations for this purpose, including allowing awardees to award subgrants to SNAP-authorized retailers. Funding shall not be used for any project that shall not be used for any project that
(§4208)
limits the use of SNAP benefits. Projects are to be in effect for not more than 24 months. Projects are to determine whether incentives result in improved nutritional outcomes, changes in purchasing and consumption
of fluid milk, or diets more closely aligned with Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Requires an independent evaluation and reporting as further specified. Authorizes discretionary funding of $20 millionmil ion to remain available until expended. (§4108)
Nutrition Education and Obesity
Makes “1862” and “1890” higher
Requires the Secretary to describe
Similar to Senate provision with
Prevention Grant Program. Formerly
education institutions eligible
how the states shall use an electronic
amendments. Required electronic
SNAP Nutrition Education and formerly an
institutions for carrying out this
reporting system that measures and
reporting system is also to account for
open-ended federal match to state funding,
program. Requires Secretary to act
evaluates projects. Requires state
state agency administrative costs.
this program, administered by FNS,
through NIFA to implement the
agency to send an annual evaluation
Requires the Secretary to provide
provides formula grant funding to SNAP
program and to consult with FNS.
report to Secretary. Requires the
technical assistance to state agencies
CRS-173
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
state agencies to provide programs for
Requires eligible institutions, to the
Administrator of the Food and
regarding development and
SNAP (and other domestic food assistance
extent practicable, to employ and train
Nutrition Service to consult with the
implementation of their state plans.
programs) participants as well as other
professional and paraprofessional aides
director of NIFA to coordinate
Requires additional contents in annual
low-income households. Annual mandatory from the target population to engage in
activities of SNAP nutrition education
state reports to Secretary and requires
funding is provided, most recently $421
direct nutrition education and to
and the Expanded Food and Nutrition
an annual federal report to Congress.
mil ion in FY2018. For FY2018 and each
partner with other entities to optimize
Education Program. (§4114)
(§4019)
fiscal year thereafter, 50% of funding is
program delivery. Increases mandatory
allocated based on states’ SNAP
funding to $485 mil ion beginning in
populations, and 50% of funding is allocated FY2019. This amount is adjusted for based on states’ funding received during
inflation in FY2020 and subsequent
FY2009 (when funding for the program was years. Authorizes additional an open-ended federal match). (7 U.S.C.
discretionary funding of $65 mil ion for
2036a, P.L. 115-141)
available until expended. (§4108)
|
Adopts a Retail Incentives provision, requiring the Secretary to issue guidance to clarify the process by which an approved retail food store may seek a waiver to offer an incentive. Eligible incentive foods are "a staple food that is identified for increased consumption, consistent with the most recent dietary recommendations" and "a fruit, vegetable, dairy, whole grain, or product thereof." Guidance may not be used to limit the use of SNAP benefits. Does not provide federal funding for incentives. (§4008)
Healthy Fluid Milk Incentive Projects. Similar to Senate pilot projects provision and same level of discretionary funding. Projects are to increase the purchase and consumption of fluid milk by members of households that receive SNAP benefits. Strikes the Senate bill's focus on those who "under-consume" milk. Secretary may award cooperative agreements or grants to governmental agencies or nonprofit organizations, striking the subgrants to retailers. Funding for specified evaluation is limited to 7% of funding provided. (§4208)
|
Nutrition Education and Obesity Prevention Grant Program. Formerly SNAP Nutrition Education and formerly an open-ended federal match to state funding, this program, administered by FNS, provides formula grant funding to SNAP state agencies to provide programs for SNAP (and other domestic food assistance programs) participants as well as other low-income households. Annual mandatory funding is provided, most recently $421 million in FY2018. For FY2018 and each fiscal year thereafter, 50% of funding is allocated based on states' SNAP populations, and 50% of funding is allocated based on states' funding received during FY2009 (when funding for the program was an open-ended federal match). (7 U.S.C. 2036a, P.L. 115-141)
|
Makes "1862" and "1890" higher education institutions eligible institutions for carrying out this program. Requires Secretary to act through NIFA to implement the program and to consult with FNS. Requires eligible institutions, to the extent practicable, to employ and train professional and paraprofessional aides from the target population to engage in direct nutrition education and to partner with other entities to optimize program delivery. Increases mandatory funding to $485 million beginning in FY2019. This amount is adjusted for inflation in FY2020 and subsequent years. Authorizes additional discretionary funding of $65 million for FY2019 through FY2023. Funds are allocated based solely on states'’ SNAP populations. Limits administrative costs for eligible institutions to 10%; makes certain administrative costs eligible for SNAP'SNAP’s matching administrative funds. (§4033)
Mandatory funding of $5 mil ion provided
Retitles to “Grants for Simple
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision with
for Grants for Simple Application and
Application and Eligibility
amendments. Retains current law
Eligibility Determination Systems and Determination Systems.” Amends law
name for grants. (§4010)
Improved Access to Benefits. (7
to exclude projects with the purposes
U.S.C. 2020(s))
s matching administrative funds. (§4033)
|
Requires the Secretary to describe how the states shall use an electronic reporting system that measures and evaluates projects. Requires state agency to send an annual evaluation report to Secretary. Requires the Administrator of the Food and Nutrition Service to consult with the director of NIFA to coordinate activities of SNAP nutrition education and the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program. (§4114)
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Required electronic reporting system is also to account for state agency administrative costs. Requires the Secretary to provide technical assistance to state agencies regarding development and implementation of their state plans. Requires additional contents in annual state reports to Secretary and requires an annual federal report to Congress. (§4019)
|
Mandatory funding of $5 million provided for Grants for Simple Application and Eligibility Determination Systems and Improved Access to Benefits. (7 U.S.C. 2020(s))
|
Retitles to "Grants for Simple Application and Eligibility Determination Systems." Amends law to exclude projects with the purposes of reducing barriers to participation or improving methods for informing and enrollingenrol ing eligible households. (§4025)
No comparable provision.
Public-private partnerships.
No comparable provision.
Similar to House bil with amendments,
Authorizes grants for up to 10 pilot
including changes to definitions of
projects that support public-private
eligible private and public entities.
partnerships addressing food insecurity
Requires an independent evaluation of
eligible households. (§4025)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision with amendments. Retains current law name for grants. (§4010)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Public-private partnerships. Authorizes grants for up to 10 pilot projects that support public-private partnerships addressing food insecurity and poverty. Projects are to last no and poverty. Projects are to last no
projects. (§4021)
more than two years and address specified objectives. Grantees shall shal report annually to Secretary, who shall report to congressional committees. Authorizes $5 millionmil ion in discretionary
CRS-174
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
funding for grants to eligible entities. (§4030)
Puerto Rico. Since 1982, Puerto Rico has
Authorizes discretionary funding for
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
received a block grant, Nutrition
the Secretary to carry out a study to
Assistance Program for Puerto Rico
determine the feasibility and impact of
(NAP), in lieu of SNAP). The annual
developing a Thrifty Food Plan to
amount is based on the USDA-calculated
specifically apply to NAP. (§4040)
Thrifty Food Plan, which uses data from
Requires the Secretary to again carry
the contiguous states. (7 U.S.C. 2028) In
out a study of the feasibility and effects
2010, USDA published a study, required by
of including Puerto Rico in SNAP as
the 2008 farm bil , on the feasibility of
opposed to the NAP block grant.
Puerto Rico administering SNAP. (§4142
Provides $1 mil ion in mandatory
of in discretionary funding for grants to eligible entities. (§4030)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House bill with amendments, including changes to definitions of eligible private and public entities. Requires an independent evaluation of projects. (§4021)
|
Puerto Rico. Since 1982, Puerto Rico has received a block grant, Nutrition Assistance Program for Puerto Rico (NAP), in lieu of SNAP). The annual amount is based on the USDA-calculated Thrifty Food Plan, which uses data from the contiguous states. (7 U.S.C. 2028) In 2010, USDA published a study, required by the 2008 farm bill, on the feasibility of Puerto Rico administering SNAP. (§4142 of P.L. 110-246)
|
Authorizes discretionary funding for the Secretary to carry out a study to determine the feasibility and impact of developing a Thrifty Food Plan to specifically apply to NAP. (§4040) Requires the Secretary to again carry out a study of the feasibility and effects of including Puerto Rico in SNAP as opposed to the NAP block grant. Provides $1 million in mandatory funding and an authorization for additional discretionary funding. (§4042)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Food Distribution Programs
|
Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR). Commodity distribution program established to distribute agricultural commodities, in lieu of SNAP benefits, at the request of a tribal organization. $5 million in mandatory funding authorized for a traditional and )
funding and an authorization for additional discretionary funding. (§4042)
Food Distribution Programs
Food Distribution Program on Indian
Amends locally-grown and traditional
Requires the Secretary to pay at least
Incorporates House and Senate
Reservations (FDPIR). Commodity
food fund to include “regionally grown”
80% of the administrative costs and
provisions. Not later than one year
distribution program established to
foods. Reauthorizes fund’s
that FDPIR administrative funding be
after demonstration project funding is
distribute agricultural commodities, in lieu
authorization of appropriations through available for spending for a two-year
appropriated and annually thereafter,
of SNAP benefits, at the request of a tribal
FY2023. Requires that FDPIR funding
period. Establishes a demonstration
Secretary is required to submit a
organization. $5 mil ion in mandatory
be available for spending for a two-year
project for one or more tribal
report to committees of jurisdiction.
funding authorized for a traditional and
period. (§4005)
organizations to enter into a self-
(§4003)
locally-grown food fund. (7 U.S.C.
determination contract to purchase
locally-grown food fund. (7 U.S.C. (2014)(b)) USDA funds 75% of program's ’s
commodities for FDPIR; to carry out
administrative costs. (7 C.F.R. 253.11)
this project, authorizes $5 mil ion in
Annual appropriations language provides
discretionary funding to be available
FDPIR funding and makes it available for
until expended. Like the House bil ,
spending within one fiscal year. (e.g., P.L.
reauthorizes locally-grown and
115-141)
traditional food fund through FY2023 and makes all FDPIR funding administrative costs. (7 C.F.R. 253.11) Annual appropriations language provides FDPIR funding and makes it available for spending within one fiscal year. (e.g., P.L. 115-141)
|
Amends locally-grown and traditional food fund to include "regionally grown" foods. Reauthorizes fund's authorization of appropriations through FY2023. Requires that FDPIR funding be available for spending for a two-year period. (§4005)
|
Requires the Secretary to pay at least 80% of the administrative costs and that FDPIR administrative funding be available for spending for a two-year period. Establishes a demonstration project for one or more tribal organizations to enter into a self-determination contract to purchase commodities for FDPIR; to carry out this project, authorizes $5 million in discretionary funding to be available until expended. Like the House bill, reauthorizes locally-grown and traditional food fund through FY2023 and makes all FDPIR funding available for spending for a two-year period. (§4102)
|
Incorporates House and Senate provisions. Not later than one year after demonstration project funding is appropriated and annually thereafter, Secretary is required to submit a report to committees of jurisdiction. (§4003)
|
The Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP). For FY2018, for USDA-purchased commodity foods, provides $250 million in TEFAP commodity purchases plus the addition of $15 million, each adjusted for inflation according to changes to the Thrifty Food Plan. USDA is to distribute the foods to states for distribution to emergency feeding organizations. (7 U.S.C. 2036) In addition to other aspects of TEFAP authorization and discretionary funding, the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 authorizes discretionary funding for an Emergency Food Program Infrastructure Grants through FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 7511a)
|
Increases annual mandatory funding by $45 million (plus inflation adjustment), for FY2019 and each fiscal year thereafter, by amending the additional funds from $15 million to $60 million. Establishes a "Farm to Food Bank Fund" where, of TEFAP commodity funds provided, Secretary is required to distribute $20 million to states to procure, or for states to enter into agreements with food banks to procure, excess fresh fruits and vegetables grown in the state or surrounding regions to be provided to emergency feeding organizations. (§4032)
|
As compared to FY2018, increases annual mandatory funding by $8 million in FY2019, $20 million in FY2020, and $20 million in each of FY2021, FY2022, and FY2023. Adjusts funding by specified inflation measures for FY2024 and each year thereafter. (§4115(e)) Establishes "Projects to Harvest, Process, and Package Donated Commodities," where unharvested, unprocessed, or unpackaged commodities are donated by agricultural producers, processors, or distributors for use by emergency feeding organizations. Provides $4 million4102)
The Emergency Food Assistance
Increases annual mandatory funding by
As compared to FY2018, increases
Adopts the Senate provision—
Program (TEFAP). For FY2018, for
$45 mil ion (plus inflation adjustment),
annual mandatory funding by $8 mil ion including its funding levels—with one
CRS-175
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
USDA-purchased commodity foods,
for FY2019 and each fiscal year
in FY2019, $20 mil ion in FY2020, and
change: newly authorized projects to
provides $250 mil ion in TEFAP commodity thereafter, by amending the additional
$20 mil ion in each of FY2021, FY2022, harvest, process, or package
purchases plus the addition of $15 mil ion,
funds from $15 mil ion to $60 mil ion.
and FY2023. Adjusts funding by
unharvested, unprocessed, or
each adjusted for inflation according to
Establishes a “Farm to Food Bank Fund” specified inflation measures for FY2024 unpackaged donated commodities may
changes to the Thrifty Food Plan. USDA is
where, of TEFAP commodity funds
and each year thereafter. (§4115(e))
also include the transportation of such
to distribute the foods to states for
provided, Secretary is required to
Establishes “Projects to Harvest,
commodities and are renamed
distribution to emergency feeding
distribute $20 mil ion to states to
Process, and Package Donated
“Projects to Harvest, Process, Package,
organizations. (7 U.S.C. 2036) In addition
procure, or for states to enter into
Commodities,” where unharvested,
or Transport Donated Commodities.”
to other aspects of TEFAP authorization
agreements with food banks to
unprocessed, or unpackaged
(§4018)
and discretionary funding, the Emergency
procure, excess fresh fruits and
commodities are donated by
Food Assistance Act of 1983 authorizes
vegetables grown in the state or
agricultural producers, processors, or
discretionary funding for an Emergency
surrounding regions to be provided to
distributors for use by emergency
Food Program Infrastructure Grants
emergency feeding organizations.
feeding organizations. Provides $4
through FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 7511a)
(§4032)
mil ion in mandatory funding for each of FY2019 through FY2023; the federal share of project costs shall not exceed 50% of the total cost of the project. Requires the Secretary to allocate funds to states that have included such a project in their state plans, based on an allocation formula determined by the Secretary. (§4115(b)) Requires states to include, in their TEFAP state plans, a plan that provides emergency
feeding organizations or recipient agencies an opportunity to provide input on commodity preferences and needs. (§4115(a)) Requires the Secretary to issue guidance outlining best practices to minimize food waste of those commodities donated by non-USDA entities. (§4115(c)) Reauthorizes infrastructure grants through FY2023. (§4115(d))
Commodity Distribution Program.
Reauthorizes through FY2023. (§4101) Same as House bil . (§4201)
Similar to House and Senate provision,
Authority to purchase and distribute
with technical changes. (§4101)
CRS-176
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
through FY2023. (§4115(d))
|
Adopts the Senate provision—including its funding levels—with one change: newly authorized projects to harvest, process, or package unharvested, unprocessed, or unpackaged donated commodities may also include the transportation of such commodities and are renamed "Projects to Harvest, Process, Package, or Transport Donated Commodities." (§4018)
|
Commodity Distribution Program. Authority to purchase and distribute agricultural commodities expired at the end of FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 612c note)
Commodity Supplemental Food
Reauthorizes through FY2023. (§4102) Reauthorizes through FY2023.
Identical to Senate provision. (§4102)
Program. Various authorities expire at
Requires states to establish a minimum
Requires states to establish a minimum
the end of FY2018. No minimum
certification period of not less than one
certification period of not less than
certification period for participants is
year and allows the Secretary to
one year but not more than three
provided in statute; a six-month minimum
approve state requests for longer
years (if certain requirements are met),
is in regulation. (7 U.S.C. 612c note, 7
certification periods if certain
while allowing for temporary monthly
C.F.R. 247.16(a)) Some states currently
requirements are met. (§4103)
certification when other certified
provide temporary certifications on a
participants do not participate.
month-to-month basis when clients
(§4202)
certified for six months do not claim foods.
Distribution of surplus commodities
Reauthorizes through FY2023. (§4104) Same as House bil . (§4203)
Identical to House and Senate
to special nutrition projects. Secretary
provisions. (§4103)
end of FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 612c note)
|
Reauthorizes through FY2023. (§4101)
|
Same as House bill. (§4201)
|
Similar to House and Senate provision, with technical changes. (§4101)
|
Commodity Supplemental Food Program. Various authorities expire at the end of FY2018. No minimum certification period for participants is provided in statute; a six-month minimum is in regulation. (7 U.S.C. 612c note, 7 C.F.R. 247.16(a)) Some states currently provide temporary certifications on a month-to-month basis when clients certified for six months do not claim foods.
|
Reauthorizes through FY2023. (§4102)
Requires states to establish a minimum certification period of not less than one year and allows the Secretary to approve state requests for longer certification periods if certain requirements are met. (§4103)
|
Reauthorizes through FY2023. Requires states to establish a minimum certification period of not less than one year but not more than three years (if certain requirements are met), while allowing for temporary monthly certification when other certified participants do not participate. (§4202)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§4102)
|
Distribution of surplus commodities to special nutrition projects. Secretary required to encourage consumption of surplus commodities by contracting with private companies to process such commodities into end-food products. Authority expired at the end of FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 1431e(a))
Other Nutrition Programs and Policies
Bill Emerson Good Samaritan Food
No comparable provision.
Food donation standards. Requires
Identical to Senate provision. (§4104)
Donation Act provides protection from
Secretary to issue guidance within 180
liability for people or entities donating
days of enactment to promote
apparently wholesome food to nonprofit
awareness of donations of apparently
organizations as well as protection from
wholesome food, as defined by the Bil
liability for nonprofit organizations
Emerson Good Samaritan Food
receiving such foods. (42 U.S.C. 1791)
Donation Act, by “U.S.C. 1431e(a))
|
Reauthorizes through FY2023. (§4104)
|
Same as House bill. (§4203)
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§4103)
|
Other Nutrition Programs and Policies
|
Bill Emerson Good Samaritan Food Donation Act provides protection from liability for people or entities donating apparently wholesome food to nonprofit organizations as well as protection from liability for nonprofit organizations receiving such foods. (42 U.S.C. 1791)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Food donation standards. Requires Secretary to issue guidance within 180 days of enactment to promote awareness of donations of apparently wholesome food, as defined by the Bill Emerson Good Samaritan Food Donation Act, by "qualified direct donors,"” a term defined in the bill bil provision to include retail food stores, wholesalers, agricultural producers, restaurants, caterers, school food authorities, and institutions of higher education. Requires the Secretary to encourage state agencies and
CRS-177
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
emergency feeding organizations to share the guidance with qualified direct donors. (§12615)
Purchase of fresh fruits and
Extends $50 mil ion requirement
Same as House bil . (§4301)
Identical to House and Senate
vegetables for distribution to schools
through FY2023. (§4201)
provisions. (§4202)
donors. (§12615)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§4104)
|
Purchase of fresh fruits and vegetables for distribution to schools and service institutions. In addition to the minimum ($200 millionmil ion per year) acquisitions required by the 2002 farm bill, bil , USDA is required to purchase additional fruits, vegetables, and tree nuts for use in domestic nutrition assistance programs using Section 32 funds. The added purchases required include $206 million mil ion (FY2012 and each year thereafter). Of this money for additional purchases, at least $50 mil ion$50 million annually (for each of FY2008 through FY2018) is required for USDA fresh fruit and vegetable acquisitions for schools. (7 U.S.C. 612c-4(a),(b))
|
Extends $50 million requirement through FY2023. (§4201)
|
Same as House bill. (§4301)
|
Senior Farmers’ Market Nutrition
Reauthorizes funding through FY2023.
Same as House Bil . (§4302)
Identical to House and Senate
Program (SFMNP). Authorizes and
(§4202)
provisions. (§4201)
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§4202)
|
Senior Farmers' Market Nutrition Program (SFMNP). Authorizes and provides CCC mandatory funding of $20.6 millionmil ion annually for the SFMNP through FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 3007)
Authorizes up to $125 mil ion to be
Amends appropriated funding to be
Broadens the Initiative’s scope to
Identical to Senate provision. (§4204)
appropriated for a “Healthy Food
available for expenditure through
include retailers and “enterprises.” As
Financing Initiative" to remain available
October 1, 2023. (§4203)
some projects would now include
until expended. USDA is authorized to
enterprises that are not retailers,
approve a community development
amends the requirement for accepting
financial institution as “national fund
SNAP benefits to projects “as
manager” that would administer these
applicable.” (§12409)
funds by supporting “FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 3007)
|
Reauthorizes funding through FY2023. (§4202)
|
Same as House Bill. (§4302)
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§4201)
|
Authorizes up to $125 million to be appropriated for a "Healthy Food Financing Initiative" to remain available until expended. USDA is authorized to approve a community development financial institution as "national fund manager" that would administer these funds by supporting "projects to attract fresh, healthy food retailers"” and that would "“expand or preserve access to staple foods"” (as defined within this
CRS-178
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
section) and accept SNAP benefits. (7 U.S.C. 6953)
Amendments to the Fresh Fruit and
Amends program to provide fresh,
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision
Vegetable Program. Provides grants to
canned, dried, frozen, or pureed fruits
states for children at low-income
and vegetables. Renames program
elementary schools to receive fruit and
Fruit and Vegetable Program.
vegetable snacks throughout the day.
(§4204)
(as defined within this section) and accept SNAP benefits. (7 U.S.C. 6953)
|
Amends appropriated funding to be available for expenditure through October 1, 2023. (§4203)
|
Broadens the Initiative's scope to include retailers and "enterprises." As some projects would now include enterprises that are not retailers, amends the requirement for accepting SNAP benefits to projects "as applicable." (§12409)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§4204)
|
Amendments to the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program. Provides grants to states for children at low-income elementary schools to receive fruit and vegetable snacks throughout the day. Purchases are limited to fresh fruits and vegetables. Program is permanently authorized and permanently funded. (42 U.S.C. 1769a) The 2014 farm bill bil required USDA to administer a pilot project to implement and evaluate at least five states providing frozen, canned, and dried fruits and vegetables through this program and provided $5 millionmil ion for this purpose. (42 U.S.C. 1769a note)
|
Amends program to provide fresh, canned, dried, frozen, or pureed fruits and vegetables. Renames program Fruit and Vegetable Program. (§4204)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision
|
Community Food Projects. Permanently authorizes a grant program for eligible nonprofit organizations in order to improve community access to food.
Community Food Projects.
No comparable provision.
For FY2019 and each fiscal year
Identical to Senate provision. (§4017)
Permanently authorizes a grant program
thereafter, provides a total of $5
for eligible nonprofit organizations in order
mil ion each year (a reduction of $4
to improve community access to food.
mil ion per year). (§4113)
Grants require 50% in matching funds. For FY2015 and each year thereafter, provides $9 mil ion$9 million annually in mandatory funding for this purpose. (7 U.S.C. 2034)
Service of Traditional Foods in Public
Amends the provision, expanding the
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision with
Facilities. USDA and FDA are required to list of specified public programs and
amendments. Expands the list of
allow the donation and provision of
facilities included and protected from
entities and activities protected from
traditional tribal foods if the food service
liability. (§4041)
liability. (§4203)
for this purpose. (7 U.S.C. 2034)
|
No comparable provision.
|
For FY2019 and each fiscal year thereafter, provides a total of $5 million each year (a reduction of $4 million per year). (§4113)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§4017)
|
Service of Traditional Foods in Public Facilities. USDA and FDA are required to allow the donation and provision of traditional tribal foods if the food service provider meets certain conditions. Includes liability protections for the United States, Indian tribes, and tribal organizations. (25 U.S.C. §1685)
In accordance with requirements in the
Requires the Secretary to review the
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010
2012 and 2016 regulations that updated
CRS-179
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
(P.L. 111-296, §§201, 208), USDA
the school meal nutrition standards and
published final regulations to update the
created nutrition standards for foods
nutrition standards for National School
served outside of the meal program,
Lunch Program and School Breakfast
including any requirements for milk.
Program in January 2012 and final
Revised final regulations are to be
regulations to set standards for other
based on research focused on school-
foods in the school nutrition environment
age children, not add costs to the
in July 2016. (77 Federal Register 4088;
operation of the program, and maintain
81 Federal Register 50131)
healthy meals for students. (§4205)
Buy American requirements for
No comparable provision.
No later than 180 days after
Similar to Senate provision but with
National School Lunch Program and
enactment, USDA must enforce the
amendments. No later than 180 days
School Breakfast Program. School
Buy American provisions applicable
after enactment, USDA must “enforce
food authorities in the contiguous states
to domestic food assistance purchases
ful compliance with” the Buy
are required to purchase domestic
administered by the Food and
American requirements applicable to
commodities or products to the maximum
Nutrition Service, including fish or fish
the National School Lunch Program
extent practicable. (Agency guidance has
products that substantially contain fish
and School Breakfast Program, “ensure
elaborated upon “maximum extent
harvested within a state, the District of that States and school food authorities
practicable.”) Domestic commodity or product
Columbia, or the Exclusive Economic
ful y understand their responsibilities”
is defined as an agricultural commodity that
Zone of the United States and tuna
under current law, and submit a report
is produced in the United States and food
harvested by a U.S.-flagged vessel.
to Congress on actions taken and
product that is processed in the United
USDA is to submit a report to
plans to comply with the provision.
States substantially using agricultural
Congress on actions taken and plans
For the purposes of USDA’s
commodities that are produced in the
to comply with the provision.
enforcement, the enacted bil defines
United States. The statute does not
(§12622)
domestic products as those that are
mention specific commodities or products.
processed in the United States and
The law also includes Hawaii-specific and
substantially contain (1) meats,
Puerto Rico-specific requirements for
vegetables, fruits, and other
sourcing. (42 U.S.C. 1760(n))
U.S.C. §1685)
|
Amends the provision, expanding the list of specified public programs and facilities included and protected from liability. (§4041)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision with amendments. Expands the list of entities and activities protected from liability. (§4203)
|
In accordance with requirements in the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-296, §§201, 208), USDA published final regulations to update the nutrition standards for National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program in January 2012 and final regulations to set standards for other foods in the school nutrition environment in July 2016. (77 Federal Register 4088; 81 Federal Register 50131)
|
Requires the Secretary to review the 2012 and 2016 regulations that updated the school meal nutrition standards and created nutrition standards for foods served outside of the meal program, including any requirements for milk. Revised final regulations are to be based on research focused on school-age children, not add costs to the operation of the program, and maintain healthy meals for students. (§4205)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Buy American requirements for National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program. School food authorities in the contiguous states are required to purchase domestic commodities or products to the maximum extent practicable. (Agency guidance has elaborated upon "maximum extent practicable.") Domestic commodity or product is defined as an agricultural commodity that is produced in the United States and food product that is processed in the United States substantially using agricultural commodities that are produced in the United States. The statute does not mention specific commodities or products. The law also includes Hawaii-specific and Puerto Rico-specific requirements for sourcing. (42 U.S.C. 1760(n))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No later than 180 days after enactment, USDA must enforce the Buy American provisions applicable to domestic food assistance purchases administered by the Food and Nutrition Service, including fish or fish products that substantially contain fish harvested within a state, the District of Columbia, or the Exclusive Economic Zone of the United States and tuna harvested by a U.S.-flagged vessel. USDA is to submit a report to Congress on actions taken and plans to comply with the provision. (§12622)
|
Similar to Senate provision but with amendments. No later than 180 days after enactment, USDA must "enforce full compliance with" the Buy American requirements applicable to the National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program, "ensure that States and school food authorities fully understand their responsibilities" under current law, and submit a report to Congress on actions taken and plans to comply with the provision. For the purposes of USDA's enforcement, the enacted bill defines domestic products as those that are processed in the United States and substantially contain (1) meats, vegetables, fruits, and other agricultural commodities produced in a state, DC, Puerto Rico, or any territory or possession of the United States; or (2) fish harvested in the Exclusive Economic Zone or by a U.S.-flag vessel. (§4207)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Establishes the Micro-Grants for
Similar to Senate provision with
Food Security program, which is
several amendments, including: states
intended to increase the quality and
may waive the matching requirement
CRS-180
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
quantity of locally-grown foods in food
for individuals whom a state
insecure communities. USDA is to
determines would meet the
distribute funds to agricultural
requirements to receive a subgrant,
departments or agencies in eligible
subgrantees’ funding remains available
states (Alaska, Hawaii, American
for three years, makes changes to
Samoa, Commonwealth of the
reporting requirements. (§4206)
flag vessel. (§4207)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Establishes the Micro-Grants for Food Security program, which is intended to increase the quality and quantity of locally-grown foods in food insecure communities. USDA is to distribute funds to agricultural departments or agencies in eligible states (Alaska, Hawaii, American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Republic of Palau, and the U.S. Virgin Islands) to competitively issue subgrants to eligible entities (individuals, Indian tribes, nonprofits engaged in food insecurity, federally- federal y- funded educational facilities, and local or Tribal government).
The subgrants may not be greater than $5,000 for an individual and $10,000 for the other eligible entities. Grantees must provide 10% in matching funds. The funds must be used for activities specified (e.g., purchasing gardening tools and equipment, seeds, plants,
composting units; expanding cultivated land; building fencing for livestock; purchasing and equipping slaughter and processing facilities; and attending education programs) that increase the quantity and quality of local foods. Entities that receive grants must submit a report to the eligible state on the quantity of food grown and the number of people fed as a result of the grant; the states must provide the reports to USDA.
CRS-181
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Authorizes discretionary funding of $10 mil ion$10 million for FY2019 and each fiscal year thereafter. The funds remain available until expended. The states of Alaska and Hawaii will wil each receive 40% of the funds, and each of the other eligible states will wil receive 2.5%. (Section 12616)
CRS-182
Table 9. Credit
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
(Section 12616)
|
Similar to Senate provision with several amendments, including: states may waive the matching requirement for individuals whom a state determines would meet the requirements to receive a subgrant, subgrantees' funding remains available for three years, makes changes to reporting requirements. (§4206)
|
Prior Law (2014 Farm Bill)
|
Prior Law (2014 Farm Bill)
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
(H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
P.L. 115-334)
|
Subtitle A—USDA Farm Ownership Loans
|
Eligibility. Requires, for eligibility for direct loans, at least three years of farming experience or other acceptable experience as determined by the Secretary. The applicant must also be a beginning farmer, not have received prior direct farm ownership loans, or have not received a direct farm ownership loan more than 10 years ago. (7 U.S.C. 1922(b))
|
Specifies conditions under which the Secretary may reduce the three-year farming experience requirement for beginning farmers and ranchers as follows:
(A) To two years if the borrower (1) has 16 credit hours of postsecondary education in agriculture, (2) has one-year of substantive management experience in a business, (3) was honorably discharged from the military, (4) has successfully repaid an FSA youth loan, or (5) has a mentoring relationship with Service Corps Retired Executives or a local farmer, rancher, or organization approved by the Secretary.
(B) To one year with military leadership or management experience from completing a military leadership course.
(C) Waived entirely if the beginning farmer meets two of the options (1)-(5) above, including mentoring in (5). (§5101)
|
Specifies conditions that the Secretary may count as other acceptable experience, as follows:
(A) (1) At least 16 hours of post-secondary education in agriculture, (2) completing a farm management curriculum from cooperative extension, community college, adult vocational education, nonprofit, or land-grant organization, (3) was honorably discharged from the military, (4) has successfully repaid an FSA youth loan, (5) has at least 1 year as hired farm labor with substantive management experience, (6) completed a mentorship, apprenticeship, or internship with emphasis on farm management, or (7) has a mentoring relationship with Service Corps Retired Executives or a local farmer, rancher, or organization approved by the Secretary.
(B) A farmer is deemed to have met the three-year requirement if he meets option (5) and (7) above. (§5101)
|
Similar to Senate provision with several modifications. The Secretary may:
(A) Reduce the three-year farming experience requirement for beginning farmers and ranchers to one or two years as follows:
(1) Has at least 16 hours of post-secondary education in agriculture; (2) completed a farm management curriculum from cooperative extension, community college, adult vocational education, nonprofit, or land-grant organization; (3) has at least one year as hired farm labor with substantive management experience; (4) completed a mentorship, apprenticeship, or internship with emphasis on farm management; (5) has significant business management experience; (6) was honorably discharged from the military; (7) has successfully repaid an FSA youth loan; or (8) has a mentoring relationship with Service Corps Retired Executives
Eligibility. Requires, for eligibility for
Specifies conditions under which the
Specifies conditions that the Secretary
Similar to Senate provision with several
direct loans, at least three years of
Secretary may reduce the three-year
may count as other acceptable
modifications. The Secretary may:
farming experience or other acceptable
farming experience requirement for
experience, as fol ows:
(A) Reduce the three-year farming
experience as determined by the
beginning farmers and ranchers as
(A) (1) At least 16 hours of post-
experience requirement for beginning
Secretary. The applicant must also be a
fol ows:
secondary education in agriculture, (2)
farmers and ranchers to one or two
beginning farmer, not have received
(A) To two years if the borrower (1)
completing a farm management
years as fol ows:
prior direct farm ownership loans, or
has 16 credit hours of postsecondary
curriculum from cooperative extension,
have not received a direct farm
(1) Has at least 16 hours of post-
education in agriculture, (2) has one-
community col ege, adult vocational
ownership loan more than 10 years ago.
secondary education in agriculture; (2)
year of substantive management
education, nonprofit, or land-grant
(7 U.S.C. 1922(b))
completed a farm management
experience in a business, (3) was
organization, (3) was honorably
curriculum from cooperative extension,
honorably discharged from the
discharged from the military, (4) has
community col ege, adult vocational
military, (4) has successful y repaid an
successful y repaid an FSA youth loan, (5)
education, nonprofit, or land-grant
FSA youth loan, or (5) has a mentoring
has at least 1 year as hired farm labor
organization; (3) has at least one year as
relationship with Service Corps
with substantive management experience, hired farm labor with substantive
Retired Executives or a local farmer,
(6) completed a mentorship,
management experience; (4) completed
rancher, or organization approved by
apprenticeship, or internship with
a mentorship, apprenticeship, or
the Secretary.
emphasis on farm management, or (7)
internship with emphasis on farm
(B) To one year with military
has a mentoring relationship with Service
management; (5) has significant business
leadership or management experience
Corps Retired Executives or a local
management experience; (6) was
from completing a military leadership
farmer, rancher, or organization
honorably discharged from the military;
course.
approved by the Secretary.
(7) has successful y repaid an FSA youth
(C) Waived entirely if the beginning
(B) A farmer is deemed to have met the
loan; or (8) has a mentoring relationship
farmer meets two of the options (1)-
three-year requirement if he meets
with Service Corps Retired Executives
(5) above, including mentoring in (5).
option (5) and (7) above. (§5101)
or a local farmer, rancher, or
(§5101)
or a local farmer, rancher, or organization approved by the Secretary.
(B) Waive entirely if the farmer meets option (3) and (8) above. (§5101)
Conservation loans. Authorizes
Reduces the authorization of
Extends the current law authorization of
Identical to Senate provision. (§5102)
appropriations of $150 mil ion annually
appropriation to $75 mil ion annually,
appropriation to FY2023. (§5102)
for a conservation loan and loan
and extends it to FY2023. (§5102)
guarantee program for FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 1924(h))
CRS-183
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law (2014 Farm Bill)
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Loan limit. For guaranteed farm
Raises the loan limit for guaranteed
Raises the loan limit for guaranteed farm
Similar to Senate provision but without
ownership loans, sets the loan limit per
farm ownership loans to $1.75 mil ion
ownership loans to $1.75 mil ion per
a sunset date and with an amendment
borrower at $700,000, increased
per borrower and adjusts it in FY2019
borrower for the five-year period
to clarify that the inflation adjustment
beginning with FY2000 by the inflation
and thereafter for inflation. The
FY2019-2023, and makes it subject to an
for the guaranteed loan limit is indexed
percentage since 1996 in the NASS
calculation of the inflation percentage
inflation adjustment. Similar to the House to 2019. (§5103)
Index of Prices Paid by Farmers. In
is not changed and would continue to
provision, the inflation percentage is not
FY2018, USDA announced the inflation-
use a 1996 base year. Does not change
changed and would continue to use a
adjusted limit at $1,399,000. For direct
the limit for direct loans. (§5103)
1996 base year. Increases the limit for
farm ownership loans, sets the loan limit
direct loans to a constant $600,000.
per borrower at a constant $300,000,
(§5103)
(7 U.S.C. 1925)
No comparable provision for farm
No comparable provision.
Relending program. Authorizes a
Similar to Senate provision with an
loans. A similar relending program for
relending program for farm ownership
amendment to authorize appropriations
rural development is authorized in the
loans on projects that assist heirs with
of $10 mil ion for each of FY2019-
same subtitle as would be amended by
undivided ownership interests so that
FY2023. (§5104)
the Senate bil . (7 U.S.C. 1936b)
option (3) and (8) above. (§5101)
|
Conservation loans. Authorizes appropriations of $150 million annually for a conservation loan and loan guarantee program for FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 1924(h))
|
Reduces the authorization of appropriation to $75 million annually, and extends it to FY2023. (§5102)
|
Extends the current law authorization of appropriation to FY2023. (§5102)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§5102)
|
Loan limit. For guaranteed farm ownership loans, sets the loan limit per borrower at $700,000, increased beginning with FY2000 by the inflation percentage since 1996 in the NASS Index of Prices Paid by Farmers. In FY2018, USDA announced the inflation-adjusted limit at $1,399,000. For direct farm ownership loans, sets the loan limit per borrower at a constant $300,000, (7 U.S.C. 1925)
|
Raises the loan limit for guaranteed farm ownership loans to $1.75 million per borrower and adjusts it in FY2019 and thereafter for inflation. The calculation of the inflation percentage is not changed and would continue to use a 1996 base year. Does not change the limit for direct loans. (§5103)
|
Raises the loan limit for guaranteed farm ownership loans to $1.75 million per borrower for the five-year period FY2019-2023, and makes it subject to an inflation adjustment. Similar to the House provision, the inflation percentage is not changed and would continue to use a 1996 base year. Increases the limit for direct loans to a constant $600,000. (§5103)
|
Similar to Senate provision but without a sunset date and with an amendment to clarify that the inflation adjustment for the guaranteed loan limit is indexed to 2019. (§5103)
|
No comparable provision for farm loans. A similar relending program for rural development is authorized in the same subtitle as would be amended by the Senate bill. (7 U.S.C. 1936b)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Relending program. Authorizes a relending program for farm ownership loans on projects that assist heirs with undivided ownership interests so that they may resolve ownership and succession issues on farmland that has multiple owners. USDA would make direct loans and loan guarantees to cooperatives, credit unions and nonprofit organizations (that are certified to operate as lenders, and which have experience assisting socially disadvantaged, limited resource, and beginning farmers, ranchers and rural businesses) to relend to such projects and heirs. Preference shall be for relending entities with at least 10 years' ’ experience, and in states that have adopted the Uniform Partition of Heirs Property Act. Borrowers are required to complete a succession plan that may be financed with the loan. (§12624(c))
CRS-184
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law (2014 Farm Bill)
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Subtitle B—USDA Farm Operating Loans
Loan limit. Sets the loan limit per
Raises the loan limit for guaranteed
Raises the loan limit for guaranteed farm
Similar to Senate provision but without
borrower for guaranteed farm
farm operating loans to $1.75 mil ion
operating loans to $1.75 mil ion per
a sunset date and with an amendment
operating loans at $700,000, increased
per borrower and adjusts it in FY2019
borrower for the 5-year period FY2019-
to clarify that the inflation adjustment
beginning with FY2000 by the inflation
and thereafter for inflation. The
2023. The calculation of the inflation
for the guaranteed loan limit is indexed
percentage since 1996 in the NASS
calculation of the inflation percentage
percentage is not changed and would
to 2019. (§5201)
Index of Prices Paid by Farmers. In
financed with the loan. (§12624(c))
|
Similar to Senate provision with an amendment to authorize appropriations of $10 million for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§5104)
|
Subtitle B—USDA Farm Operating Loans
|
|
Loan limit. Sets the loan limit per borrower for guaranteed farm operating loans at $700,000, increased beginning with FY2000 by the inflation percentage since 1996 in the NASS Index of Prices Paid by Farmers. In FY2018, USDA announced the inflation-adjusted limit at $1,399,000. (7 U.S.C. 1943(a))
|
Raises the loan limit for guaranteed farm operating loans to $1.75 million per borrower and adjusts it in FY2019 and thereafter for inflation. The calculation of the inflation percentage is not changed and would continue to use a 1996 base year. Does not change the limit for direct loans. (§5201)
|
Raises the loan limit for guaranteed farm operating loans to $1.75 million per borrower for the 5-year period FY2019-2023. The calculation of the inflation percentage is not changed and would continue to use a 1996 base year. Increases the limit for direct loans to a constant $400,000. (§5201)
|
Similar to Senate provision but without a sunset date and with an amendment to clarify that the inflation adjustment for the guaranteed loan limit is indexed to 2019. (§5201)
|
Microloans. Authorizes a microloan program for farm operating loans of less than $50,000, with streamlined application and approval processes. (7 U.S.C. 1943(c))
|
Changes the word title to subsection to clarify technical references within the statute that the $50,000 limit applies to microloans only. (§5202)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§5202)
|
Authorizes a microloan pilot project to deliver microloans through community is not changed and would continue to
continue to use a 1996 base year.
FY2018, USDA announced the inflation-
use a 1996 base year. Does not change
Increases the limit for direct loans to a
adjusted limit at $1,399,000. (7 U.S.C.
the limit for direct loans. (§5201)
constant $400,000. (§5201)
1943(a))
Microloans. Authorizes a microloan
Changes the word title to subsection to
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§5202)
program for farm operating loans of less clarify technical references within the than $50,000, with streamlined
statute that the $50,000 limit applies
application and approval processes. (7
to microloans only. (§5202)
U.S.C. 1943(c))
Authorizes a microloan pilot project to
No comparable provision.
Reauthorizes the pilot project to FY2023. Identical to Senate provision. (§5203)
deliver microloans through community
(§5202)
development financial institutions. (7 U.S.C. 1943(c)(4))
Subtitle C—Administrative Provisions
Individual Development Accounts.
Reauthorizes appropriations through
Identical to House provision. (§5301)
Identical to House and Senate
Authorizes appropriations for the
FY2023. (§5301)
Reauthorizes appropriations through
provisions. (§5301)
Beginning Farmer and Rancher
FY2024. (§12624(a))
U.S.C. 1943(c)(4))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Reauthorizes the pilot project to FY2023. (§5202)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§5203)
|
Subtitle C—Administrative Provisions
|
Individual Development Accounts. Authorizes appropriations for the Beginning Farmer and Rancher Individual Development Account Individual Development Account
Program at $5 millionmil ion per year through FY2018. This program has never received appropriations. (7 U.S.C. 1983b)
CRS-185
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law (2014 Farm Bill)
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Funding. Authorizes appropriations for Reauthorizes the same loan levels
Reauthorizes loan levels through FY2023, Similar to Senate provision with an
loan levels of $4.226 bil ion through
through FY2023. (§5302)
and raises the total to $12 bil ion,
amendment to raise the total to $10
FY2018, subdivided as fol ows: $1.2
subdivided as fol ows: $4 bil ion for direct bil ion, subdivided as fol ows: $3 bil ion
bil ion for direct loans ($350 mil ion for
loans, and $8 bil ion for guaranteed loans. for direct loans and $7 bil ion for
farm ownership loans and $850 mil ion
1983b)
|
Reauthorizes appropriations through FY2023. (§5301)
|
Identical to House provision. (§5301)
Reauthorizes appropriations through FY2024. (§12624(a))
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§5301)
|
Funding. Authorizes appropriations for loan levels of $4.226 billion through FY2018, subdivided as follows: $1.2 billion for direct loans ($350 million for farm ownership loans and $850 million for operating loans), and $3.026 billion for guaranteed loans ($1 billion for farm ownership loans and $2.026 billion for operating loans). Actual appropriations have exceeded these amounts in recent years. (7 U.S.C. 1994(b)(1))
|
Reauthorizes the same loan levels through FY2023. (§5302)
|
Reauthorizes loan levels through FY2023, and raises the total to $12 billion, subdivided as follows: $4 billion for direct loans, and $8 billion for guaranteed loans. Within the subtotals for direct and guaranteed loans, half of each is for farm ownership loans and half is for operating loans, (§5302)
|
Similar to Senate provision with an amendment to raise the total to $10 billion, subdivided as follows: $3 billion for direct loans and $7 billion for guaranteed loans. Within the subtotals for direct and guaranteed loans, half of each is for farm ownership loans, and half is for operating loans. (§5302)
|
Set-aside for beginning farmers and ranchers. Reserves 50% of each year'Within the subtotals for direct and
guaranteed loans. Within the subtotals
for operating loans), and $3.026 bil ion
guaranteed loans, half of each is for farm
for direct and guaranteed loans, half of
for guaranteed loans ($1 bil ion for farm
ownership loans and half is for operating
each is for farm ownership loans, and
ownership loans and $2.026 bil ion for
loans, (§5302)
half is for operating loans. (§5302)
operating loans). Actual appropriations have exceeded these amounts in recent years. (7 U.S.C. 1994(b)(1))
Set-aside for beginning farmers
Reauthorizes the set-aside through
Identical to House provision. (§5303)
Identical to House provision. (§5303)
and ranchers. Reserves 50% of each
FY2023. (§5303)
year’s direct farm operating loan authority to be used for beginning farmers and ranchers for 11 months through September 1 of each fiscal year from FY2008 to FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 1994(b)(2)(A)(ii)(III))
Microloan funding. No comparable
No comparable provision.
If the amount available for direct
Similar to Senate provision with an
specification for microloans. (7 U.S.C.
microloans is insufficient to meet
amendment to authorize discretionary
1994(b))
demand, and subject to notification to
appropriations up to $5 mil ion instead
Congress, a new section to the
of mandatory funding. (§5304)
1994(b)(2)(A)(ii)(III))
|
Reauthorizes the set-aside through FY2023. (§5303)
|
Identical to House provision. (§5303)
|
Identical to House provision. (§5303)
|
Microloan funding. No comparable specification for microloans. (7 U.S.C. 1994(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
If the amount available for direct microloans is insufficient to meet demand, and subject to notification to Congress, a new section to the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (ConAct) authorizes the use of mandatory funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation to support up to $5 millionmil ion of direct microloans for farm operating purposes. (§12617)
CRS-186
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law (2014 Farm Bill)
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Equitable relief. Adds a new section to
Identical to Senate provision. (§5305)
microloans for farm operating purposes. (§12617)
|
Similar to Senate provision with an amendment to authorize discretionary appropriations up to $5 million instead of mandatory funding. (§5304)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Equitable relief. Adds a new section to the ConAct to provide relief to a farmer whose failure to comply with the terms of the farm loan program was caused by an action of USDA. The Secretary may allow the farmer to retain the loan or provide other relief as determined appropriate. (§5304)
Authorizes fees to be charged for
No comparable provision.
FSA loan guarantee for beginning
Similar to Senate provision but without
guaranteed loans. Authorizes the
and socially disadvantaged farmers.
the waiver of the fee. (§5306)
percentage of the loan principal that is
Exempts beginning farmers and ranchers,
guaranteed for repayment. Generally,
and socially disadvantaged farmers and
guarantees are between 80% and 90%,
ranchers, from the 1.5% guarantee fee
depending on the credit risk of the
that is charged on guaranteed farm
borrower, except for a 95% guarantee
ownership and farm operating loans, and
on refinancing and the down payment
raises the ratio of the loan that is
loan program. (7 U.S.C. 1929(h); and
guaranteed for beginning and socially
7 C.F.R. 762.129)
disadvantaged farmers to 95%. (§5305)
In general, prohibits making loans to
No comparable provision.
Emergency Loan Eligibility. Expands
Identical to Senate provision. (§5307)
farmers who are delinquent on repaying
the exception to allow borrowers who
USDA farm loans, or who have received
have received a debt write down or
debt forgiveness. Allows exceptions for
restructuring of a farm loan (due to
certain operating loans when there has
circumstances beyond the control of the
been a restructuring or for emergency
borrower) to maintain eligibility for an
loans when the restructuring was
emergency loan. (§5306)
appropriate. (§5304)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§5305)
|
Authorizes fees to be charged for guaranteed loans. Authorizes the percentage of the loan principal that is guaranteed for repayment. Generally, guarantees are between 80% and 90%, depending on the credit risk of the borrower, except for a 95% guarantee on refinancing and the down payment loan program. (7 U.S.C. 1929(h); and 7 C.F.R. 762.129)
|
No comparable provision.
|
FSA loan guarantee for beginning and socially disadvantaged farmers. Exempts beginning farmers and ranchers, and socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers, from the 1.5% guarantee fee that is charged on guaranteed farm ownership and farm operating loans, and raises the ratio of the loan that is guaranteed for beginning and socially disadvantaged farmers to 95%. (§5305)
|
Similar to Senate provision but without the waiver of the fee. (§5306)
|
In general, prohibits making loans to farmers who are delinquent on repaying USDA farm loans, or who have received debt forgiveness. Allows exceptions for certain operating loans when there has been a restructuring or for emergency loans when the restructuring was before 1996 and there has not been debt forgiveness after 1996. (7 U.S.C. 2008h)
CRS-187
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law (2014 Farm Bill)
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Subtitle D—Miscellaneous
Technical corrections to the
Clarifies the location in the second
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§5401
ConAct. For eligibility in the
sentence for the addition of and such
(a))
Emergency Loan Program, the 2014
other legal entities to the eligibility for
farm bil added and such other legal
the Emergency Loan Program.
entities to the first sentence. It was
Retroactive to the 2014 farm bil .
2008h)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Emergency Loan Eligibility. Expands the exception to allow borrowers who have received a debt write down or restructuring of a farm loan (due to circumstances beyond the control of the borrower) to maintain eligibility for an emergency loan. (§5306)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§5307)
|
Subtitle D—Miscellaneous
|
|
|
|
Technical corrections to the ConAct. For eligibility in the Emergency Loan Program, the 2014 farm bill added and such other legal entities to the first sentence. It was executed in Section 321(a) of the executed in Section 321(a) of the
(§5401(b))
ConAct in the second sentence to reflect the probable intent of Congress. (7 U.S.C. 1961(a))
The Agricultural Credit Improvement
Clarifies that a state director may add
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§5401
Act of 1992 attempted to add flexibility
flexibility to the time period allowed
(b))
for a state director to extend a 60-day
for a borrower to respond to a notice
period for a borrower to respond to
sent by the Secretary about a loan
reflect the probable intent of Congress. (7 U.S.C. 1961(a))
|
Clarifies the location in the second sentence for the addition of and such other legal entities to the eligibility for the Emergency Loan Program. Retroactive to the 2014 farm bill. (§5401(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§5401 (a))
|
The Agricultural Credit Improvement Act of 1992 attempted to add flexibility for a state director to extend a 60-day period for a borrower to respond to notice of loan delinquency that was sent notice of loan delinquency that was sent
becoming delinquent. Retroactive to
by the Secretary. The 1992 revision of
1992. (§5401(c))
Section 331D(e) of the ConAct could not be executed. (7 U.S.C. 1981d(e))
Approved lender. The definition of
Clarifies the definition of approved
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§5401
approved lender in Section 333A(f)(1)(A)
lender with reference to Section 339 of
(c))
of the ConAct references Section 114.
the ConAct. Retroactive to 1992.
Notes in the act suggest that the
(§5401(d))
not be executed. (7 U.S.C. 1981d(e))
|
Clarifies that a state director may add flexibility to the time period allowed for a borrower to respond to a notice sent by the Secretary about a loan becoming delinquent. Retroactive to 1992. (§5401(c))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§5401 (b))
|
Approved lender. The definition of approved lender in Section 333A(f)(1)(A) of the ConAct references Section 114. Notes in the act suggest that the probable intent of Congress was likely Section 339. (7 U.S.C. 1983a(f)(1)(A))
In the guaranteed loan program, the
Capitalizes the spelling of Preferred
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§5401
classification of “preferred certified
Certified Lender. (§5401(e))
(d))
lender”1983a(f)(1)(A))
|
Clarifies the definition of approved lender with reference to Section 339 of the ConAct. Retroactive to 1992. (§5401(d))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§5401 (c))
|
In the guaranteed loan program, the classification of "preferred certified lender" has authority to make certain decisions about loans that are not granted to all lenders that receive guarantees. (7 U.S.C. 1989(d)(3))
CRS-188
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law (2014 Farm Bill)
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
An instruction in the 2014 farm bil
Clarifies in the definition of qualified
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§5401
attempted to change the reference to or beginning farmer or rancher that
(e))
joint operators in Section 343(a)(11)(C)
flexibility was added with the addition
of the ConAct to joint operator, or
of or owners to the phrase about
guarantees. (7 U.S.C. 1989(d)(3))
|
Capitalizes the spelling of Preferred Certified Lender. (§5401(e))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§5401 (d))
|
An instruction in the 2014 farm bill attempted to change the reference to or joint operators in Section 343(a)(11)(C) of the ConAct to joint operator, or owners, as noted in its execution. (7 owners, as noted in its execution. (7
alternative legal entities. Retroactive to
U.S.C. 1991(a)(11)(C))
the 2014 farm bil . (§5401(f))
To apply certain definitions, Section
Deletes reference to Section 307(e),
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§5401
343(b) of the ConAct references
and inserts reference to Section
(f))
Section “307(e).” Notes made during
307(d). Retroactive to the 2014 farm
the execution suggest that the intent
bil . (§5401(g))
U.S.C. 1991(a)(11)(C))
|
Clarifies in the definition of qualified beginning farmer or rancher that flexibility was added with the addition of or owners to the phrase about alternative legal entities. Retroactive to the 2014 farm bill. (§5401(f))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§5401 (e))
|
To apply certain definitions, Section 343(b) of the ConAct references Section "307(e)." Notes made during the execution suggest that the intent may have been Section 307(d). (7 U.S.C. 1991(b))
A paragraph in statute ended in an extra Deletes the extra comma at the end of
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§5401
comma after an amendment was made
the paragraph. (§5401(h))
(g))
in the 1996 farm bil U.S.C. 1991(b))
|
Deletes reference to Section 307(e), and inserts reference to Section 307(d). Retroactive to the 2014 farm bill. (§5401(g))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§5401 (f))
|
A paragraph in statute ended in an extra comma after an amendment was made in the 1996 farm bill. (7 U.S.C. 1994(a))
The Down Payment Loan Program
Clarifies the location for the addition
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision. The text is
encourages retiring farmers and
of and socially disadvantaged farmers and
revised separately by Section 12306(c),
ranchers to sell their property to
ranchers in the statute about
which accomplishes the technical
beginning farmers and ranchers with
encouraging retiring farmers and
correction.
seller financing. The 2008 farm bil
ranchers to offer seller financing.
added and socially disadvantaged farmers
Retroactive to the 2008 farm bil .
1994(a))
|
Deletes the extra comma at the end of the paragraph. (§5401(h))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§5401 (g))
|
The Down Payment Loan Program encourages retiring farmers and ranchers to sell their property to beginning farmers and ranchers with seller financing. The 2008 farm bill added and socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers but did not specify the and ranchers but did not specify the
(§5401(a))
location and was executed with a note in Section 310E(d)(3) of the ConAct about placement to reflect the probable intent of Congress. (7 U.S.C. 1935(d)(3))
CRS-189
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law (2014 Farm Bill)
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
State Agricultural Mediation
Reauthorizes appropriations through
Reauthorizes appropriations through
Identical to Senate provision. (§5402)
Program. Authorizes a matching grant
FY2023. (§5601)
FY2023. Expands the scope of issues
program for states that provide third-
covered by the program to include issues
party mediation services for agricultural
outside the jurisdiction of USDA; to
credit disputes. (7 U.S.C. 5101)
include the national organic program,
Authorizes appropriations of $7.5
leases on land and equipment, family farm
mil ion annually through FY2018. (7
transition, and disputes between a farmer
U.S.C. 5106)
1935(d)(3))
|
Clarifies the location for the addition of and socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers in the statute about encouraging retiring farmers and ranchers to offer seller financing. Retroactive to the 2008 farm bill. (§5401(a))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision. The text is revised separately by Section 12306(c), which accomplishes the technical correction.
|
State Agricultural Mediation Program. Authorizes a matching grant program for states that provide third-party mediation services for agricultural credit disputes. (7 U.S.C. 5101) Authorizes appropriations of $7.5 million annually through FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 5106)
|
Reauthorizes appropriations through FY2023. (§5601)
|
Reauthorizes appropriations through FY2023. Expands the scope of issues covered by the program to include issues outside the jurisdiction of USDA; to include the national organic program, leases on land and equipment, family farm transition, and disputes between a farmer and a neighbor; allow credit counseling prior to USDA mediation or separate from USDA mediation; to include other parities addressed in mediation. Ensures notification to USDA of issues in mediation. Directs USDA to report to Congress, within two years, about the effectiveness of the program, and recommendations for improvement. (§5401)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§5402)
|
Compensation of Farm Credit System Bank Directors. Establishes a limit for compensation of members of
Compensation of Farm Credit
Repeals the section that establishes the No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§5403)
System Bank Directors. Establishes a limit on compensation of FCS bank limit for compensation of members of
boards of directors. (§5508)
the boards of directors of FCS banks as $20,000 per year, adjusted for inflation. (12 U.S.C. 2209)
|
Repeals the section that establishes the limit on compensation of FCS bank boards of directors. (§5508)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Privileged information with Farm
States that FCS institutions do not
Identical to House provision. (§5403)
Identical to House provision. (§5403)
|
Privileged information with Farm Credit Administration. Instructs FCA to examine the banks and associations of the FCS, and to report on the condition of the System. Empowers FCA to share confidentially 5404)
Credit Administration. Instructs
waive attorney-client privilege if they
FCA to examine the banks and
provide the content of a
associations of the FCS, and to report
communication to the FCA as part of a
on the condition of the System.
regulatory or supervisory process.
Empowers FCA to share confidentially
(§5504)
with the Farm Credit Insurance Corporation information about examinations. (12 U.S.C. 2254)
CRS-190
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law (2014 Farm Bill)
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Farm Credit Administration
Directs that the principal office of FCA
Similar to the House provisions.
Identical to House provision. (§5405)
Headquarters. Provides for the
shall be in the Washington, DC,
(§5407(28))
provision of headquarters and other
metropolitan area, with other offices
facilities for FCA. (12 U.S.C. 2251)
examinations. (12 U.S.C. 2254)
|
States that FCS institutions do not waive attorney-client privilege if they provide the content of a communication to the FCA as part of a regulatory or supervisory process. (§5504)
|
Identical to House provision. (§5403)
|
Identical to House provision. (§5404)
|
Farm Credit Administration Headquarters. Provides for the provision of headquarters and other facilities for FCA. (12 U.S.C. 2251)
|
Directs that the principal office of FCA shall be in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area, with other offices throughout the United States as necessary. (§5503)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Allows the FCA, like other financial
Identical to Senate provision. (§5406)
necessary. (§5503)
|
Similar to the House provisions. (§5407(28))
|
Identical to House provision. (§5405)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Allows the FCA, like other financial industry regulators, to prevent any individual who has been removed for violating a law, breached fiduciary duty, or participated in any unsafe or unsound practice in the FCS, from working in another sector of the financial industry. This new authority mirrors existing authority provided other regulators. (§5404)
Scope of FCA jurisdiction. Provides
Adds a provision that the scope of
Similar to the House provision, although
(§5404)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§5406)
|
Scope of FCA jurisdiction. Provides various enforcement powers to FCA against FCS entities, directors, officers, employees, and agents that engage in unsafe or unsound practices or violate the regulations of the FCS. (12 U.S.C. 2261-2274)
|
Adds a provision that the scope of FCA's jurisdiction shall include "institution-affiliated parties" (as defined in Section 5506) and that the parties may be held accountable to laws and regulations. This jurisdiction 5407)
various enforcement powers to FCA
FCA’s jurisdiction shall include
separates the provision in to multiple
against FCS entities, directors, officers,
“institution-affiliated parties” (as
paragraphs. (§5405)
employees, and agents that engage in
defined in Section 5506) and that the
unsafe or unsound practices or violate
parties may be held accountable to
the regulations of the FCS. (12 U.S.C.
laws and regulations. This jurisdiction
2261-2274)
is retroactive and shall continue to apply for six years after the party ceases to be affiliated with the FCS. (§5505)
|
Similar to the House provision, although separates the provision in to multiple paragraphs. (§5405)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§5407)
|
Defines various terms for the enforcement powers of FCA. (12 U.S.C. 2271)
|
Adds a definition for institution-affiliated party (as used in Section 5505) to
Defines various terms for the
Adds a definition for institution-affiliated
Identical to House provision. (§5406)
Identical to House and Senate
enforcement powers of FCA. (12
party (as used in Section 5505) to
provisions. (§5408)
U.S.C. 2271)
include the directors, officers, employees, shareholders, and agents of system institutions, including independent contractors (such as attorneys, appraisers, or accountants) and any others who participate in system affairs. (§5506)
CRS-191
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law (2014 Farm Bill)
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Use of FCS Insurance Corporation
Adds a paragraph that no funds of the
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§5409)
funds. Specifies various prohibitions
Farm Credit System Insurance
and limitations about the Farm Credit
Corporation may be used to assist
System Insurance Corporation. (12
FarmerMac. (§5509)
U.S.C. 2277a-14)
FarmerMac qualified loans. Defines
Increases the acreage exception to the
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision but with
that the maximum size of a “qualified
dol ar limit to be a “qualified loan" for
reference to the study that is required
loan” that FarmerMac may finance is
FarmerMac from 1,000 acres to 2,000
in Section 5414. (§5410)
$2.5 mil ion adjusted for inflation ($12.6
acres. Effective one year after the
mil ion in FY2018), except if the loan is
study by FCA (ordered in Section
secured by less than 1,000 acres. (12
5602(a)(2)) indicates that it is feasible
U.S.C. 2279aa-8(c)(2))
to increase the limit. (§5507)
Repeal of obsolete provisions in
Deletes references to the now-
Similar to the House provisions.
Identical to House and Senate
Farm Credit Act. Establishes, and
obsolete Assistance Board, Financial
(§5407(1), (17), (18), (20), (23), (26), provisions. (§5411(1), (17), (18),
sets conditions for an Assistance Board,
Assistance Corporation, and funding.
(31)(B), (34), (37), (38), (39), (41),
(20), (23), (26), (31)(B), (34), (37),
a Financial Assistance Corporation, and
Terminates the Financial Assistance
(46))
(38), (39), (41), (46))
related funding to remediate losses
Corporation after December 31, 2018.
within the FCS during the 1980s. (12
(§5501(t), (u), (x), (bb), (ee), (ii),
U.S.C. 2278a-2278b-11, 2151, 2159, (jj), (mm), (nn), (oo), (qq)) 2277a-9(b), 2162(c), 2202c, 2219c, 2254(b), 2271 (4), 2277a-7(2), 2279d(a)(4))
Defines the entities that comprise the
Revises the definition of entities that
Identical to House provision. (§5407(2)) Identical to House and Senate
FCS, all of which are regulated by FCA.
comprise the FCS to include more
provisions. (§5411(2))
(12 U.S.C. 2002(a))
system affairs. (§5506)
|
Identical to House provision. (§5406)
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§5408)
|
Use of FCS Insurance Corporation funds. Specifies various prohibitions and limitations about the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation. (12 U.S.C. 2277a-14)
|
Adds a paragraph that no funds of the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation may be used to assist FarmerMac. (§5509)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§5409)
|
FarmerMac qualified loans. Defines that the maximum size of a "qualified loan" that FarmerMac may finance is $2.5 million adjusted for inflation ($12.6 million in FY2018), except if the loan is secured by less than 1,000 acres. (12 U.S.C. 2279aa-8(c)(2))
|
Increases the acreage exception to the dollar limit to be a "qualified loan" for FarmerMac from 1,000 acres to 2,000 acres. Effective one year after the study by FCA (ordered in Section 5602(a)(2)) indicates that it is feasible to increase the limit. (§5507)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision but with reference to the study that is required in Section 5414. (§5410)
|
Repeal of obsolete provisions in Farm Credit Act. Establishes, and sets conditions for an Assistance Board, a Financial Assistance Corporation, and related funding to remediate losses within the FCS during the 1980s. (12 U.S.C. 2278a-2278b-11, 2151, 2159, 2277a-9(b), 2162(c), 2202c, 2219c, 2254(b), 2271 (4), 2277a-7(2), 2279d(a)(4))
|
Deletes references to the now-obsolete Assistance Board, Financial Assistance Corporation, and funding. Terminates the Financial Assistance Corporation after December 31, 2018. (§5501(t), (u), (x), (bb), (ee), (ii), (jj), (mm), (nn), (oo), (qq))
|
Similar to the House provisions. (§5407(1), (17), (18), (20), (23), (26), (31)(B), (34), (37), (38), (39), (41), (46))
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§5411(1), (17), (18), (20), (23), (26), (31)(B), (34), (37), (38), (39), (41), (46))
|
Defines the entities that comprise the FCS, all of which are regulated by FCA. (12 U.S.C. 2002(a))
|
Revises the definition of entities that comprise the FCS to include more specific identification of the current types of entities and includes the Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation, FarmerMac, and service corporations, all of which shall continue to be regulated by FCA. (§5501(a))
CRS-192
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law (2014 Farm Bill)
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Allows a production credit association
Deletes this section, which is no longer Identical to House provision. (§5407(3)) Identical to House and Senate
in a district with two such associations
applicable. (§5501(b))
provisions. (§5411(3))
continue to be regulated by FCA. (§5501(a))
|
Identical to House provision. (§5407(2))
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§5411(2))
|
Allows a production credit association in a district with two such associations to serve borrowers who are denied credit by the other association if FCA determines that the denying association was "“unduly restrictive"” in granting credit. (12 U.S.C. 2075(d))
Establishes a system of banks for
Deletes various references to a
cooperatives in the FCS. (12 U.S.C.
Central Bank for Cooperatives, United
Similar to the House provisions.
Identical to Senate provision.
2121, 2123, 2128, 2130, 2131(c),
Bank of Cooperatives, and/or a
(§5407(4), (5), (7), (9), (11), (12),
(§5411(4), (5), (7), (9), (11), (12),
2132, 2141, 2142, 2149)
National Bank of Cooperatives while
(13), (14), (15), (16))
(13), (14), (15), (16))
continuing to recognize the existence of a bank for cooperatives. (§5501(c), (d), (e), (f), (h), (j), (k), (m), (n), (o), (p), (q), (r), (s))
Establishes provisions relating to the
Deletes the obsolete word district in
Similar to the House provisions.
Identical to Senate provision.
funding and governance of the Farm
reference to the Farm Credit Banks, as (§5407(6), (10))
(§5411(6), (10))
Credit Banks through referring to
that is no longer used fol owing years
district banks. (12 U.S.C. 2126,
of consolidation. (§5501(g), (l))
2131(d))
Allows a bank for cooperatives to make
Inserts language recognizing a
Similar to the House provisions.
Identical to Senate provision.
loans to the Rural Electrification
successor agency to the Rural
(§5407(8))
(§5411(8))
Administration. (12 U.S.C.
Electrification Administration after the
2129(b)(1)(A))
credit. (12 U.S.C. 2075(d))
|
Deletes this section, which is no longer applicable. (§5501(b))
|
Identical to House provision. (§5407(3))
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§5411(3))
|
Establishes a system of banks for cooperatives in the FCS. (12 U.S.C. 2121, 2123, 2128, 2130, 2131(c), 2132, 2141, 2142, 2149)
|
Deletes various references to a Central Bank for Cooperatives, United Bank of Cooperatives, and/or a National Bank of Cooperatives while continuing to recognize the existence of a bank for cooperatives. (§5501(c), (d), (e), (f), (h), (j), (k), (m), (n), (o), (p), (q), (r), (s))
|
Similar to the House provisions. (§5407(4), (5), (7), (9), (11), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§5411(4), (5), (7), (9), (11), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16))
|
Establishes provisions relating to the funding and governance of the Farm Credit Banks through referring to district banks. (12 U.S.C. 2126, 2131(d))
|
Deletes the obsolete word district in reference to the Farm Credit Banks, as that is no longer used following years of consolidation. (§5501(g), (l))
|
Similar to the House provisions. (§5407(6), (10))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§5411(6), (10))
|
Allows a bank for cooperatives to make loans to the Rural Electrification Administration. (12 U.S.C. 2129(b)(1)(A))
|
Inserts language recognizing a successor agency to the Rural Electrification Administration after the latter was absorbed into the USDA Rural Utilities Service. (§5501(i))
During the tenure of the Assistance
Deletes reference to the now-obsolete Similar to the House provisions.
Identical to Senate provision.
Board, a member of the Assistance
Assistance Board and retains language
(§5407(19))
(§5411(19))
Board shall be a nonvoting member of
that the Insurance Corporation shall
the board of the Farm Credit System
not have a member on the board of
Funding Corporation. After termination
the Funding Corporation. (§5501(v))
Rural Utilities Service. (§5501(i))
|
Similar to the House provisions. (§5407(8))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§5411(8))
|
During the tenure of the Assistance Board, a member of the Assistance Board shall be a nonvoting member of the board of the Farm Credit System Funding Corporation. After termination of the Assistance Board, its successor, the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation, shall not have a member on the Funding Corporation board. (12 U.S.C. 2160(d)(2))
CRS-193
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law (2014 Farm Bill)
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Lists the FCS institutions that are
Revises the lists to more generically
Similar to the House provisions.
Identical to Senate provision.
applicable to various requirements. (12
refer to FCS banks or associations and
(§5407(21), (24), (25), (31)(A), (35))
(§5411(21), (24), (25), (31)(A),
U.S.C. 2184(a)(1), 2205, 2207(a),
its current structure. (§5501(y), (cc),
(35))
2254 (a), 2274)
(dd), (hh), (kk))
Defines terms relating to the
Applies the definitions that are used
Similar to the House provisions.
Identical to Senate provision.
restructuring of distressed loans. (12
for distressed loans to the section
(§5407(22))
(§5411(22))
U.S.C. 2202a)
about the “right of first refusal” for borrowers’ rights (12 U.S.C. 2219). (§5501(z), (aa))
Establishes provisions and conditions for Deletes provisions that are transitional
Similar to the House provisions.
Identical to Senate provision.
the transition of various parts of the
in nature now that the FCS is
(§5407(27), (29), (30), (32), (33),
(§5411(27), (29), (30), (32), (33),
FCS as it is created, especial y from the
established. (§5501(w), (ff), (gg),
(36), (40), (42), (43), (44), (45), (47),
(36), (40), (42), (43), (44), (45),
1980s and 1990s for FarmerMac. (12
(ll), (pp), (rr), (ss), (tt), (uu), (vv),
(48), (49), (50), (51))
(47), (48), (49), (50), (51))
U.S.C. 2160(e), 2252(a)(2), 2253,
(ww), (xx))
2275, 2279c-2(c), 2279aa(2), 2279aa(6), 2279aa(8), 2279aa-2(b), 2279aa-4(a)(1), 2279aa-6(d), 2279bb-1(a), 2279bb-4(e))
Provides for the establishment and
Conforming repeals. Repeals
Similar to the House provisions.
Identical to Senate provision.
administration of FCA and certain of its
sections about FCA that have been
(§5407(52), (53), (54), (55), (56),
(§5411(52), (53), (54), (55), (56),
powers to regulate entities of FCS. (12
superseded by newer statutes for FCA
(57), (58), (59), (60), (61), (62), (63),
(57), (58), (59), (60), (61), (62),
U.S.C. 1141b, 1141c, 1141d, 1141e,
that are in 12 U.S.C. 2241 et seq. and
(64))
(63), (64))
1141f, 1141i, 1141j, 1141d-1, 1148,
that are part of the Farm Credit Act of
1148a-4, 1148b, 1148c, 1148d,
1971, as amended. (§5502)
1401-1404)
CRS-194
Farm Credit System Insurance
No comparable provision.
Adds provisions that provide greater
Identical to Senate provision. (§5412)
Corporation (FCSIC) Authorities.
statutory guidance regarding the powers
Authorizes FCSIC to “act as a
and duties of the FCSIC when acting as a
conservator or receiver” over a
conservator or receiver, the process by
troubled FCS institution, including an
which the FCSIC may administer a
FCS bank, but the statute is largely
conservatorship or receivership to
silent regarding: the FCSIC’s powers
resolve a troubled FCS institution, and
and duties as a conservator or receiver,
the rights and duties of parties affected
the process by which the FCSIC may
by an FCS institution being placed into a
administer a conservatorship or
conservatorship or receivership. These
receivership, and the rights and
authorities are largely modeled after the
responsibilities of parties impacted by
existing conservatorship/receivership
an FCS institution being placed into a
statutory regime (12 U.S.C. 1821) that is
conservatorship or receivership. (12
applicable to Federal Deposit Insurance
U.S.C. 2277a-7)
U.S.C. 2160(d)(2))
|
Deletes reference to the now-obsolete Assistance Board and retains language that the Insurance Corporation shall not have a member on the board of the Funding Corporation. (§5501(v))
|
Similar to the House provisions. (§5407(19))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§5411(19))
|
Lists the FCS institutions that are applicable to various requirements. (12 U.S.C. 2184(a)(1), 2205, 2207(a), 2254 (a), 2274)
|
Revises the lists to more generically refer to FCS banks or associations and its current structure. (§5501(y), (cc), (dd), (hh), (kk))
|
Similar to the House provisions. (§5407(21), (24), (25), (31)(A), (35))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§5411(21), (24), (25), (31)(A), (35))
|
Defines terms relating to the restructuring of distressed loans. (12 U.S.C.2202a)
|
Applies the definitions that are used for distressed loans to the section about the "right of first refusal" for borrowers' rights (12 U.S.C. 2219). (§5501(z), (aa))
|
Similar to the House provisions. (§5407(22))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§5411(22))
|
Establishes provisions and conditions for the transition of various parts of the FCS as it is created, especially from the 1980s and 1990s for FarmerMac. (12 U.S.C. 2160(e), 2252(a)(2), 2253, 2275, 2279c-2(c), 2279aa(2), 2279aa(6), 2279aa(8), 2279aa-2(b), 2279aa-4(a)(1), 2279aa-6(d), 2279bb-1(a), 2279bb-4(e))
|
Deletes provisions that are transitional in nature now that the FCS is established. (§5501(w), (ff), (gg), (ll), (pp), (rr), (ss), (tt), (uu), (vv), (ww), (xx))
|
Similar to the House provisions. (§5407(27), (29), (30), (32), (33), (36), (40), (42), (43), (44), (45), (47), (48), (49), (50), (51))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§5411(27), (29), (30), (32), (33), (36), (40), (42), (43), (44), (45), (47), (48), (49), (50), (51))
|
Provides for the establishment and administration of FCA and certain of its powers to regulate entities of FCS. (12 U.S.C. 1141b, 1141c, 1141d, 1141e, 1141f, 1141i, 1141j, 1141d-1, 1148, 1148a-4, 1148b, 1148c, 1148d, 1401-1404)
|
Conforming repeals. Repeals sections about FCA that have been superseded by newer statutes for FCA that are in 12 U.S.C. 2241 et seq. and that are part of the Farm Credit Act of 1971, as amended. (§5502)
|
Similar to the House provisions. (§5407(52), (53), (54), (55), (56), (57), (58), (59), (60), (61), (62), (63), (64))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§5411(52), (53), (54), (55), (56), (57), (58), (59), (60), (61), (62), (63), (64))
|
Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation (FCSIC) Authorities. Authorizes FCSIC to "act as a conservator or receiver" over a troubled FCS institution, including an FCS bank, but the statute is largely silent regarding: the FCSIC's powers and duties as a conservator or receiver, the process by which the FCSIC may administer a conservatorship or receivership, and the rights and responsibilities of parties impacted by an FCS institution being placed into a conservatorship or receivership. (12 U.S.C. 2277a-7)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds provisions that provide greater statutory guidance regarding the powers and duties of the FCSIC when acting as a conservator or receiver, the process by which the FCSIC may administer a conservatorship or receivership to resolve a troubled FCS institution, and the rights and duties of parties affected by an FCS institution being placed into a conservatorship or receivership. These authorities are largely modeled after the existing conservatorship/receivership statutory regime (12 U.S.C. 1821) that is applicable to Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)-insured depository institutions (e.g., banks and saving associations). The provisions at times deviate from the FDIC model to account for, among other things, the varying activities of FCS institutions and insured depository institutions.
Among other things, the provisions:
Provide that the FCSIC, upon being appointed conservator or receiver, shall "“succeed to all rights, titles, powers, and privileges"privileges” of the relevant FCS institution'institution’s officers, directors, and shareholders;
Authorize the FCSIC, as conservator, to take steps "“necessary to put the [FCS] institution in a sound and solvent condition,"” and, as receiver, to merge a failed FCS institution with a different FCS institution and sell the assets of a failed FCS institution; and
Establish processes for FCSIC, as receiver, to determine and pay valid claims of failed FCS institution'’s creditors based on a statutorily prescribed priority
CRS-195
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law (2014 Farm Bill)
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
scheme, and to disallow certain creditor claims against the FCS institution. (§5408)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Report Requirement. Creates an
Identical to Senate provision. (§5413)
(§5408)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§5412)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Report Requirement. Creates an annual reporting requirement for the Farm Service Agency farm loan program. The USDA report is to address the farm ownership and farm operating loan programs at an aggregate level, and include: borrowers'’ ages and length of time that borrowers have been farming; the size of farms or ranches; race, ethnicity and gender of borrowers; sizes and types of farm loans made or guaranteed; the default rates by type of loan; the number of loans by state and county, by size cohort; and loans made compared to target participation measures for beginning and socially disadvantaged farmers, by location. A comprehensive review is also due every five years that assesses trends in the annual reports and actions that USDA will wil take to improve participation by underserved borrowers. (§5409)
CRS-196
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law (2014 Farm Bill)
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
No comparable provision.
FCA study. Directs FCA to conduct
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§5414)
underserved borrowers. (§5409)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§5413)
|
No comparable provision.
|
FCA study. Directs FCA to conduct a study that (1) analyzes and compares financial risks of loans in the FCS and by FarmerMac and how such risks are capitalized and (2) assesses the feasibility of increasing to 2,000 acres the 1,000 acre exception in the definition for qualified loans for FarmerMac (see 12 U.S.C. 2279aa-8). The study is to be submitted to Congress 180 days after enactment. (§5602)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
Report on the credit needs of
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§5414)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Report on the credit needs of 5415)
Indian tribes. Directs the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to write a report for Congress within 90 days of enactment that studies the agricultural credit needs of Indian tribes and members of Indian tribes. The report is to address whether the FCS has sufficient authority and resources to meet the credit needs of these farm, ranch, and related businesses borrowers; and to identify legislative and other recommendations that would help meet such needs. (§5603)
CRS-197
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law (2014 Farm Bill)
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Directs the Farm Credit System to have
No comparable provision.
Adds “socially disadvantaged farmers and
Directs GAO to write a report for
a loan program for young, beginning,
ranchers,” as defined for the Farm
Congress within 120 days of enactment
and small (YBS) farmers and ranchers,
Service Agency loan program, to the
that (1) studies the credit and services
and to report to the Farm Credit
Farm Credit System YBS requirement.
provided to socially disadvantaged
Administration annually to summarize
(§5402)
farmers and ranchers by all agricultural
those operations. (12 U.S.C. 2207)
meet such needs. (§5603)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§5415)
|
Directs the Farm Credit System to have a loan program for young, beginning, and small (YBS) farmers and ranchers, and to report to the Farm Credit Administration annually to summarize those operations. (12 U.S.C. 2207)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds "socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers," as defined for the Farm Service Agency loan program, to the Farm Credit System YBS requirement. (§5402)
|
Directs GAO to write a report for Congress within 120 days of enactment that (1) studies the credit and services provided to socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers by all agricultural credit providers (including FCS, commercial banks, FarmerMac, life insurance companies, and others as determined by GAO); (2) reviews participation by such farmers; (3) identifies barriers that limit availability of credit; and (4) recommends improvements for outreach. (§5416)
|
Part of the FSA loan program is
No comparable provision.
Sense of the Senate that the existing
No comparable provision.
reserved for beginning farmers and
reserve amounts and targets for the farm
ranchers. (7 U.S.C. 1994 (b)(2))
loan program are to “incentivize
Funds are also targeted to "socially
participation,” and to encourage
disadvantaged" farmers by race, gender,
beginning and socially disadvantaged
and ethnicity. (7 U.S.C. 2003)
farmers to use FSA loans. (§5410)
CRS-198
Table 10. Rural Development
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
Part of the FSA loan program is reserved for beginning farmers and ranchers. (7 U.S.C. 1994 (b)(2)) Funds are also targeted to "socially disadvantaged" farmers by race, gender, and ethnicity. (7 U.S.C. 2003)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Sense of the Senate that the existing reserve amounts and targets for the farm loan program are to "incentivize participation," and to encourage beginning and socially disadvantaged farmers to use FSA loans. (§5410)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Table 10. Rural Development
Prior Law/Policy
|
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
(H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
P.L. 115-334)
|
Improving Health Outcomes in Rural Communities
|
Project prioritization. The Secretary is authorized to coordinate a nationwide rural development program using the services of executive branch departments and agencies. (7 U.S.C. 2204a-2204b)
|
Authorizes the Secretary to announce a reprioritization of certain loan and grant programs to assist rural communities in responding to specific health emergencies (e.g., opioid abuse). Authorizes not less than 10% of the distance learning/telemedicine appropriation for telemedicine services to individuals affected by the emergency. Prioritizes the community facilities loan and grant program for developing prevention, treatment, and recovery services for individuals affected by the emergency. (§6001)
|
Requires the Secretary to give priority for community facilities direct loans and grants to applicants who develop facilities providing substance use disorder (including opioid substance use disorder) prevention, treatment, and/or recovery services, and employ staff with expertise and training in identifying and treating individuals with substance abuse disorders. Loan and grant funds may also be used to develop telemedicine services and facilities to address substance use disorder treatments. (§6105)
|
Similar to Senate provision but with the inclusion of the House language authorizing temporary prioritization of rural health assistance. Also adds a limit to the duration of project prioritizations and defines public health disruption for the purposes of this section.
Merges this provision with Senate Section 6303 directing the Secretary to give priority for rural health and safety education grants to applicants who will develop substance use disorder
Authorizes the Secretary to announce a
Requires the Secretary to give priority
Similar to Senate provision but with the
is authorized to coordinate a
reprioritization of certain loan and grant for community facilities direct loans and
inclusion of the House language
nationwide rural development program
programs to assist rural communities in
grants to applicants who develop
authorizing temporary prioritization of
using the services of executive branch
responding to specific health
facilities providing substance use
rural health assistance. Also adds a limit
departments and agencies. (7 U.S.C.
emergencies (e.g., opioid abuse).
disorder (including opioid substance use
to the duration of project prioritizations
2204a-2204b)
Authorizes not less than 10% of the
disorder) prevention, treatment, and/or
and defines public health disruption for
distance learning/telemedicine
recovery services, and employ staff with
the purposes of this section.
appropriation for telemedicine services
expertise and training in identifying and
Merges this provision with Senate
to individuals affected by the emergency. treating individuals with substance abuse Section 6303 directing the Secretary to
Prioritizes the community facilities loan
disorders. Loan and grant funds may
give priority for rural health and safety
and grant program for developing
also be used to develop telemedicine
education grants to applicants who wil
prevention, treatment, and recovery
services and facilities to address
develop substance use disorder
services for individuals affected by the
substance use disorder treatments.
education, treatment, and prevention.
emergency. (§6001)
(§6105)
education, treatment, and prevention. Also merges Senate provision Section 6301(a), which authorizes no less than 20% of distance learning and telemedicine funds for projects that provide substance use disorder treatments services. (§6101)
Distance learning and telemedicine Authorizes appropriations of $82 mil ion Amends the program to provide no less
Identical to House provision. (§6102)
program. Provides grants to rural
annually FY2019-FY2023 for the
than 20% of the amounts made available
hospitals, clinics, schools, and libraries
distance learning and telemedicine
to the program for substance abuse
to develop and improve their
program. (§6002)
disorder treatments. Reauthorizes
telecommunications infrastructure.
appropriations of $75 mil ion annually
Authorizes funding of $75 mil ion
for FY2019-FY2023. (§6301)
annually FY2014-FY2018, subject to appropriations. (7 U.S.C. 950aaa)
Farm and Ranch Stress Assistance
Reauthorizes such sums as necessary for Amends to designate eligible entities.
See Section 7412 in Table 11.
Network. In coordination with the
FY2019-FY2023. Requires a review of
Authorizes training and workshops for
Secretary of Health and Human
the program within two years after the
affected farmers and ranchers. Also
Services, the Secretary is authorized to
first grant is awarded. (§6003)
authorizes the Network to enter into
make competitive grants to establish a
contracts with community-based, direct
Farm and Ranch Stress Assistance
service organizations to initiate and
CRS-199
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Network to provide stress assistance
expand programs. Requires a report
programs for those engaged in
from the Secretary in coordination with
agriculture-related occupations. Such
the Secretary of Health and Human
sums as necessary authorized FY2008-
Services describing the mental and
FY2012. (7 U.S.C. 5936)
treatments services. (§6101)
|
Distance learning and telemedicine program. Provides grants to rural hospitals, clinics, schools, and libraries to develop and improve their telecommunications infrastructure. Authorizes funding of $75 million annually FY2014-FY2018, subject to appropriations. (7 U.S.C. 950aaa)
|
Authorizes appropriations of $82 million annually FY2019-FY2023 for the distance learning and telemedicine program. (§6002)
|
Amends the program to provide no less than 20% of the amounts made available to the program for substance abuse disorder treatments. Reauthorizes appropriations of $75 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§6301)
|
Identical to House provision. (§6102)
|
Farm and Ranch Stress Assistance Network. In coordination with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Secretary is authorized to make competitive grants to establish a Farm and Ranch Stress Assistance Network to provide stress assistance programs for those engaged in agriculture-related occupations. Such sums as necessary authorized FY2008-FY2012. (7 U.S.C. 5936)
|
Reauthorizes such sums as necessary for FY2019-FY2023. Requires a review of the program within two years after the first grant is awarded. (§6003)
|
Amends to designate eligible entities. Authorizes training and workshops for affected farmers and ranchers. Also authorizes the Network to enter into contracts with community-based, direct service organizations to initiate and expand programs. Requires a report from the Secretary in coordination with the Secretary of Health and Human Services describing the mental and behavioral health of farmers and ranchers. Authorizes $10 million mil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§7511)
No comparable provision.
Agricultural association group
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§7511)
|
See Section 7412 in Table 11.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Agricultural association group health plans. Authorizes a loan and grant program to assist in the establishment of agricultural association group health plans for rural areas. In coordination with the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary is authorized to make no more than 10 loans to establish agricultural association group health plans to qualified agricultural associations. Authorizes $65 millionmil ion for the period FY2019-FY2022. (§6004)
Farmers Home Administration.
Amends to authorize the refinancing of
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision with minor
Defines the powers and duties of the
debt obligations of rural hospitals as an
amendments. (§6103)
Secretary regarding agricultural credit.
eligible loan or loan guarantee purpose
(7 U.S.C. 1981)
the period FY2019-FY2022. (§6004)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Farmers Home Administration. Defines the powers and duties of the Secretary regarding agricultural credit. (7 U.S.C. 1981)
|
Amends to authorize the refinancing of debt obligations of rural hospitals as an eligible loan or loan guarantee purpose if the assistance would help preserve access to a health service in a rural area and improve the financial position of the hospital. (§6005)
Connecting Rural Americans to High-Speed Broadband
No comparable provision.
Establishing forward-looking
No comparable provision.
See Section 6201 below.
hospital. (§6005)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision with minor amendments. (§6103)
|
Connecting Rural Americans to High-Speed Broadband
|
No comparable provision.
|
Establishing forward-looking broadband standards. Amends Section 601 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936. Directs the Secretary to establish minimum acceptable standards of broadband service of 25 megabits per second downstream transmission capacity and three megabits per second
CRS-200
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
upstream transmission capacity and projections of broadband service five, 10, 15, 20, and 30 years into the future. Loans are conditioned on meeting the
acceptable minimum standards. Requires a report to the House and Senate Agriculture Committees on the effectiveness of broadband loans for expanding broadband to rural areas. (§6101)
|
No comparable provision.
|
See Section 6201 below.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Incentives to reach hard-to-reach
No comparable provision.
Incentives to reach hard-to-reach
No comparable provision.
See Section 6201 below.
communities. Amends Title VI of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936. Establishes a method for calculating service points per road mile as a density measure. Eligible applicants are those areas with a density of 12 or fewer homes, businesses, or institutions in a proposed service area. Authorizes appropriations of $350 millionmil ion for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6102)
Access to broadband
Amends Section 601 of the Rural
Amends Section 601 to
Similar to Senate provision but with a
telecommunications services in
Electrification Act to state that the
(1) establish broadband
number of amendments. Amends the
rural areas. Title VI of the Rural
Secretary “shall make loans and shall
application priorities;
maximum levels of grant support, the
Electrification Act of 1936. States that
guarantee loans” for expanding
application process, and criteria for
the Secretary “shall make or guarantee”
broadband services. (§6103); Amends
(2) identify unserved
identifying unserved communities, and
loans to provide funds for the costs of
requirements to have a broadband loan
communities;
further defines broadband buildout
the construction, improvement, and
applicant agree to the buildout of the
(3) define broadband
requirements. Amends the authorized
acquisition of facilities and equipment
service in no later than five years rather
development costs, and set
annual funds for FY2019-FY2023 to
for broadband service in rural areas.
than three years. (§6110); Makes a
maximum levels of grant
$350,000.
Eligible applicants agree to complete
rural area with an incorporated city of
support;
Merges this section with House Section
buildout of the broadband service
20,000 or more ineligible for direct
Further amends to require the
6101(a) and adopts language similar to
described in the loan application by not
broadband loans. (§6202); Authorizes
Secretary to coordinate with the
that provision providing substitute
later than three years after the initial
appropriations for loans and loan
Federal Communications Commission
standards for unique service territories
date on which proceeds from the loan
guarantees of $150 mil ion for each of
to ensure that any grant or loan does
and requiring broadband loan applicants
made or guaranteed under this section
FY2019-FY2023. (§6113)
not conflict with universal service high-
are made available. Authorizes
cost support provided by the FCC;
CRS-201
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
appropriations of $25 mil ion each year
permits the Secretary to provide not
to demonstrate the ability to meet
for FY2008-FY2018 for loan and loan
less than 3%, nor more than 5%, of
broadband service standards.
guarantees to provide access to
amounts appropriated for the Access to
Also adopts language from House
broadband in rural areas. (7 U.S.C.
Broadband Telecommunications in
Section 6102 providing incentives for
950bb et seq.)
Rural Areas for technical assistance and
broadband projects in hard to reach
training to applicants for broadband
communities and adopts language from
loans and grants.
Section 6110 modifying broadband
of FY2019-FY2023. (§6102)
|
No comparable provision.
|
See Section 6201 below.
|
Access to broadband telecommunications services in rural areas. Title VI of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936. States that the Secretary "shall make or guarantee" loans to provide funds for the costs of the construction, improvement, and acquisition of facilities and equipment for broadband service in rural areas. Eligible applicants agree to complete buildout of the broadband service described in the loan application by not later than three years after the initial date on which proceeds from the loan made or guaranteed under this section are made available. Authorizes appropriations of $25 million each year for FY2008-FY2018 for loan and loan guarantees to provide access to broadband in rural areas. (7 U.S.C. 950bb et seq.)
|
Amends Section 601 of the Rural Electrification Act to state that the Secretary "shall make loans and shall guarantee loans" for expanding broadband services. (§6103); Amends requirements to have a broadband loan applicant agree to the buildout of the service in no later than five years rather than three years. (§6110); Makes a rural area with an incorporated city of 20,000 or more ineligible for direct broadband loans. (§6202); Authorizes appropriations for loans and loan guarantees of $150 million for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6113)
|
Amends Section 601 to
establish broadband application priorities;
identify unserved communities;
define broadband development costs, and set maximum levels of grant support;
Further amends to require the Secretary to coordinate with the Federal Communications Commission to ensure that any grant or loan does not conflict with universal service high-cost support provided by the FCC; permits the Secretary to provide not less than 3%, nor more than 5%, of amounts appropriated for the Access to Broadband Telecommunications in Rural Areas for technical assistance and training to applicants for broadband loans and grants.
Requires a recipient of a grant or loan to provide complete, reliable, and precise geolocation information that indicates the location of new broadband service that is being provided or upgraded within the service area not later than 30 days after the earlier of Requires a recipient of a grant or loan
buildout requirements.
to provide complete, reliable, and
Further, merges this section with House
precise geolocation information that
Section 6203(b) and Senate Section
indicates the location of new broadband
6117(b) authorizing the col ection of
service that is being provided or
fees for broadband guaranteed loans in
upgraded within the service area not
a fiscal year to equal the total subsidy
later than 30 days after the earlier of
costs for loan guarantees in that fiscal
the date of completion of any project
year.
the date of completion of any project milestone or the date of completion of the project.
Moves Senate provisions detailing procedures for assessing unserved
Authorizes the Secretary to obligate but communities and broadband buildout
not disperse loan or grant funds before
data reporting to Section 6207 and
the completion of an environmental,
moves Senate provision regarding
historical, or other review if the
environmental reviews to Section 6208.
Secretary determines a subsequent site-
(§6201)
the project.
Authorizes the Secretary to obligate but not disperse loan or grant funds before the completion of an environmental, historical, or other review if the Secretary determines a subsequent site-specific review shall be adequate and easily accomplished. Authorizes appropriations of $150 millionmil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§6206)
Priority to certain applicants. Gives
Removes priority for applicants that
Requires the Secretary to give highest
Senate Section 6206 adopted in Section
priority to applicants that offer to
provide broadband service not
priority for loans and grants to the
6201, above.
provide broadband service not
predominantly for business service if at
fol owing:
predominantly for business service if at
least 25% of the customers in the
•
unserved rural areas that have no
least 25% of the customers in the
proposed service territory are
residential broadband service;
proposed service territory are
commercial interests. (§6109)
for FY2019-FY2023. (§6206)
|
Similar to Senate provision but with a number of amendments. Amends the maximum levels of grant support, the application process, and criteria for identifying unserved communities, and further defines broadband buildout requirements. Amends the authorized annual funds for FY2019-FY2023 to $350,000.
Merges this section with House Section 6101(a) and adopts language similar to that provision providing substitute standards for unique service territories and requiring broadband loan applicants to demonstrate the ability to meet broadband service standards.
Also adopts language from House Section 6102 providing incentives for broadband projects in hard to reach communities and adopts language from Section 6110 modifying broadband buildout requirements.
Further, merges this section with House Section 6203(b) and Senate Section 6117(b) authorizing the collection of fees for broadband guaranteed loans in a fiscal year to equal the total subsidy costs for loan guarantees in that fiscal year.
Moves Senate provisions detailing procedures for assessing unserved communities and broadband buildout data reporting to Section 6207 and moves Senate provision regarding environmental reviews to Section 6208. (§6201)
|
Priority to certain applicants. Gives priority to applicants that offer to provide broadband service not predominantly for business service if at least 25% of the customers in the proposed service territory are commercial. (7 U.S.C. 950bb(c)(2))
|
Removes priority for applicantscommercial. (7 U.S.C. 950bb(c)(2))
•
applications for projects that provide the maximum level of broadband service to the greatest proportion of rural households in the proposed service area;
CRS-202
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
•
provide broadband service not predominantly for business service if at least 25% of the customers in the proposed service territory are commercial interests. (§6109)
|
Requires the Secretary to give highest priority for loans and grants to the following: - unserved rural areas that have no residential broadband service;
- applications for projects that provide the maximum level of broadband service to the greatest proportion of rural households in the proposed service area;
- applications to provide rapid and expanded deployment of fixed and mobile broadband on cropland and ranchland within the proposed service areas for precision agriculture applications;
-
•
applications that provide equal consideration to all eligible entities including those that have not previously received broadband loans or grants;
-
•
with respect to two or more applications for unserved areas that are given the same priority, gives priority to an application that requests less grant funding than loan funding.
After giving priority to unserved rural communities without any residential broadband and applications that provide the maximum level of broadband service to the greatest proportion of rural households, the Secretary will wil give priority to the following: - fol owing: •
rural communities with a population of fewer than 10,000 permanent residents;
-
•
rural communities experiencing outmigration and have adopted a strategic community investment plan;
•
plan;
- rural communities with a high percentage of low income families or persons;
-
CRS-203
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
•
rural communities that were developed with the participation of, and which would receive a substantial portion of project funding from, state and local government, tribal governments, nonprofit entities, public libraries, elementary and secondary schools health care facilities, private entities, and philanthropic organizations. (§6206)
Access to broadband
Authorizes the Secretary to obligate but Amends the Rural Electrification Act of
Similar to Senate provision with minor
telecommunications services in
not disperse funds for rural broadband
1936 to authorize the Secretary to
amendments. (§6208)
rural areas. Title VI of the Rural
projects before completion of any
obligate but not disperse funds under
Electrification Act of 1936. States that
environmental, historical, or other
the Act if the Secretary determines a
the Secretary “shall make or guarantee”
review. Authorizes the Secretary to
subsequent site-specific review shall be
loans to provide funds for the costs of
deobligate funds for a project if the
adequate and easily accomplished.
the construction, improvement, and
reviews cannot be completed in a
(§6206(8))
acquisition of facilities and equipment
reasonable period of time. (§6107(b))
for broadband service in rural areas. (7 U.S.C. 950bb et seq.)
Rural Electrification Act’s
Authorizes the Secretary to obligate but No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Telephone Loan Program. The
not disburse funds for broadband
Secretary is authorized to make loans
projects before completion of otherwise
to persons now providing, or who may
required environmental, historical, or
hereinafter provide, telephone service
other reviews of the project. The
in rural areas; to public bodies now
Secretary is also authorized to de-
providing telephone service in rural
obligate funds for projects if any such
areas; and to cooperative, nonprofit,
review wil not be completed in a
limited dividend, or mutual associations.
reasonable period of time. (§6107(a))
(7 U.S.C. 922-928)
Farmers Home Administration.
Smart utility authority for
Amends the ConAct to permit the
Similar to House provision but amends
Section331 of the Consolidated Farm
broadband. Amends the ConAct to
Secretary to fund broadband facilities
it to direct the Secretary not to provide
and Rural Development Act (ConAct).
permit any recipient of a loan or grant
and broadband service under terms of
funding under this provision if the
Defines the powers and duties of the
from USDA Rural Development to use
the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 as
funding will result in competitive harm
up to 10% of the amount provided for
an incidental part of any grant, loan, or
to any grant, loan, or loan guarantee
CRS-204
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Secretary regarding agricultural credit.
any activity provided under the Access
loan guarantee. Funding cannot
provided under the Rural Electrification
(7 U.S.C. 1981)
to Broadband Telecommunications
constitute more than 10% of any loan
Act. (§6210)
Rural electrification. Title I of the
Services in Rural Areas and to construct for a fiscal year for any programs under
Rural Electrification Act of 1936.
other broadband infrastructure in areas
this title. Directs the Secretary not to
Authorizes the Secretary to make loans
not served by minimum acceptable
provide funding if it would result in
for the purpose of furnishing and
standards of broadband service.
competitive harm to any existing grant,
improving electric and telephone service (§6104)
loan, or loan guarantee. (§6116)
in rural areas. (7 U.S.C. 901-918c)
Rural gigabit network. A rural, ultra-
Renames the Rural Gigabit Program
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision with minor
high-speed gigabit pilot program is
Innovative Broadband Advancement.
amendments. (§6203)
authorized in the 2014 farm bil (P.L.
Authorizes loans and grants for the
113-79). Authorized appropriation of
purpose of demonstrating innovative
$10 mil ion each of FY2014-FY2018. (7
broadband technologies or methods of
U.S.C. 950bb-2)
organizations. (§6206)
|
Senate Section 6206 adopted in Section 6201, above.
|
Access to broadband telecommunications services in rural areas. Title VI of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936. States that the Secretary "shall make or guarantee" loans to provide funds for the costs of the construction, improvement, and acquisition of facilities and equipment for broadband service in rural areas. (7 U.S.C. 950bb et seq.)
|
Authorizes the Secretary to obligate but not disperse funds for rural broadband projects before completion of any environmental, historical, or other review. Authorizes the Secretary to deobligate funds for a project if the reviews cannot be completed in a reasonable period of time. (§6107(b))
|
Amends the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 to authorize the Secretary to obligate but not disperse funds under the Act if the Secretary determines a subsequent site-specific review shall be adequate and easily accomplished. (§6206(8))
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§6208)
|
Rural Electrification Act's Telephone Loan Program. The Secretary is authorized to make loans to persons now providing, or who may hereinafter provide, telephone service in rural areas; to public bodies now providing telephone service in rural areas; and to cooperative, nonprofit, limited dividend, or mutual associations. (7 U.S.C. 922-928)
|
Authorizes the Secretary to obligate but not disburse funds for broadband projects before completion of otherwise required environmental, historical, or other reviews of the project. The Secretary is also authorized to de-obligate funds for projects if any such review will not be completed in a reasonable period of time. (§6107(a))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Farmers Home Administration. Section331 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (ConAct). Defines the powers and duties of the Secretary regarding agricultural credit. (7 U.S.C. 1981)
Rural electrification. Title I of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936. Authorizes the Secretary to make loans for the purpose of furnishing and improving electric and telephone service in rural areas. (7 U.S.C. 901-918c)
|
Smart utility authority for broadband. Amends the ConAct to permit any recipient of a loan or grant from USDA Rural Development to use up to 10% of the amount provided for any activity provided under the Access to Broadband Telecommunications Services in Rural Areas and to construct other broadband infrastructure in areas not served by minimum acceptable standards of broadband service. (§6104)
|
Amends the ConAct to permit the Secretary to fund broadband facilities and broadband service under terms of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 as an incidental part of any grant, loan, or loan guarantee. Funding cannot constitute more than 10% of any loan for a fiscal year for any programs under this title. Directs the Secretary not to provide funding if it would result in competitive harm to any existing grant, loan, or loan guarantee. (§6116)
|
Similar to House provision but amends it to direct the Secretary not to provide funding under this provision if the funding will result in competitive harm to any grant, loan, or loan guarantee provided under the Rural Electrification Act. (§6210)
|
Rural gigabit network. A rural, ultra-high-speed gigabit pilot program is authorized in the 2014 farm bill (P.L. 113-79). Authorized appropriation of $10 million each of FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 950bb-2)
|
Renames the Rural Gigabit Program Innovative Broadband Advancement. Authorizes loans and grants for the purpose of demonstrating innovative broadband technologies or methods of broadband deployment that significantly decrease the costs of broadband deployment. Gives priority to projects involving multiple entities and would provide service to the greatest number of rural residents at or above the minimum broadband speed. (§6105)
Unified broadband reporting
Directs the Secretary to report annually
No comparable provision.
See Section 6207 below.
requirements. Authorizes loans and
to Congress on the extent of
loan guarantees to provide funds for the participation in the broadband loan and costs of the construction, improvement, grant program. (§6106) minimum broadband speed. (§6105)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision with minor amendments. (§6203)
|
Unified broadband reporting requirements. Authorizes loans and loan guarantees to provide funds for the costs of the construction, improvement, and acquisition of facilities and equipment for broadband service in rural areas. (7 U.S.C. 950bb)
Evaluation period. Establishes not
Reduces the evaluation period from two No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
less than two evaluation periods for
evaluation periods to one. (§6108)
rural areas. (7 U.S.C. 950bb)
|
Directs the Secretary to report annually to Congress on the extent of participation in the broadband loan and grant program. (§6106)
|
No comparable provision.
|
See Section 6207 below.
|
Evaluation period. Establishes not less than two evaluation periods for each fiscal year to compare loan and loan guarantee applications and to prioritize loans and loan guarantees to all or part of rural communities that do not have residential broadband service that meets the minimum acceptable
CRS-205
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
level of broadband service. (7 U.S.C. 950bb(c)(2)(A))
Refinancing of telephone loans.
Amends to include other
Amends to include other eligible
Identical to Senate provision. (§6211)
Section 201 of the Rural Electrification
telecommunication loans (e.g.,
telecommunication loans (e.g.,
Act of 1936. The Secretary is
broadband). (§6111(a))
broadband) and removes the limit that
authorized and empowered to make
refinancing may not constitute more
loans for the purpose of refinancing
than 40% of any loan. (§6209(a))
950bb(c)(2)(A))
|
Reduces the evaluation period from two evaluation periods to one. (§6108)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Refinancing of telephone loans. Section 201 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936. The Secretary is authorized and empowered to make loans for the purpose of refinancing outstanding indebtedness of persons providing telephone service in rural areas. Such refinancing shall not constitute more than 40% of any loan made under this section. (7 U.S.C. 922)
Refinancing of broadband loans.
Amends to permit refinancing of
Provides the Rural Utilities Service
Similar to Senate provision except this
Section 601(i) of the Rural
telecommunications loan other than
(RUS) the authority to refinance
provision is adopted as a new section of
Electrification Act of 1936. States that
those made under the Rural
telephone and broadband loans other
the Rural Electrification Act rather than
the proceeds of any loan made or
Electrification Act. (§6111(b))
than those made under the Rural
an amendment to the existing section.
guaranteed by the Secretary may be
Electrification Act. (§6209(b))
(§6209)
used by the loan recipient to refinance an outstanding obligation on another telecommunications loan made under this section. (§7 U.S.C. 950bb(i))
Reporting requirements. Requires
Removes a reporting requirement that
No comparable provision.
See Section 6207 below.
reporting that provides the progress
borrowers report the location of
toward fulfil ing the objectives for which
residences and businesses that wil
the assistance was granted, including (I)
receive new broadband service, existing
the number and location of residences
network service improvements, and
and businesses that wil receive new
facility upgrades. (§6112)
922)
|
Amends to include other telecommunication loans (e.g., broadband). (§6111(a))
|
Amends to include other eligible telecommunication loans (e.g., broadband) and removes the limit that refinancing may not constitute more than 40% of any loan. (§6209(a))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§6211)
|
Refinancing of broadband loans. Section 601(i) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936. States that the proceeds of any loan made or guaranteed by the Secretary may be used by the loan recipient to refinance an outstanding obligation on another telecommunications loan made under this section. (§7 U.S.C. 950bb(i))
|
Amends to permit refinancing of telecommunications loan other than those made under the Rural Electrification Act. (§6111(b))
|
Provides the Rural Utilities Service (RUS) the authority to refinance telephone and broadband loans other than those made under the Rural Electrification Act. (§6209(b))
|
Similar to Senate provision except this provision is adopted as a new section of the Rural Electrification Act rather than an amendment to the existing section. (§6209)
|
Reporting requirements. Requires reporting that provides the progress toward fulfilling the objectives for which the assistance was granted, including (I) the number and location of residences and businesses that will receive new broadband service, existing network service improvements, and facility upgrades resulting from the federal assistance; (II) the speed of broadband service; (III) the average price of broadband service in a proposed service area; (IV) any changes in broadband service adoption rates, including new
CRS-206
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
subscribers generated from demand-side projects; and (V) any metrics the Secretary determines to be appropriate. (7 U.S.C. 950bb(d)(8)(A)(ii))
No comparable provision.
Middle mile broadband
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision, except
infrastructure. Authorizes loans for
Section 602 of the Rural Electrification
development of middle mile broadband
Secretary determines to be appropriate. (7 U.S.C. 950bb(d)(8)(A)(ii))
|
Removes a reporting requirement that borrowers report the location of residences and businesses that will receive new broadband service, existing network service improvements, and facility upgrades. (§6112)
|
No comparable provision.
|
See Section 6207 below.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Middle mile broadband infrastructure. Authorizes loans for development of middle mile broadband infrastructure, defined as infrastructure that does not directly connect to end user locations. Loans and loan guarantees for middle mile infrastructure are limited to no more than 20% of the amounts made available under Section 601 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936. (§6114)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision, except Section 602 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 is amended rather than Act of 1936 is amended rather than
infrastructure, defined as infrastructure
Section 601. Also, amends the provision to direct the Secretary to use grant
that does not directly connect to end
to direct the Secretary to use grant
user locations. Loans and loan
funding as well as loan and loan
guarantees for middle mile
guarantees and to require that 75% of the interconnection points of a project serve eligible rural areas. Authorizes appropriations of $10 million per year for FY2019-FY2023. (§6202)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Transparency in the Telecommunications Infrastructure Loan Program. Amends Title VI of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 to require the Secretary to publish and make available to the public a fully searchable
infrastructure are limited to no more
the interconnection points of a project
than 20% of the amounts made available
serve eligible rural areas. Authorizes
under Section 601 of the Rural
appropriations of $10 mil ion per year
Electrification Act of 1936. (§6114)
for FY2019-FY2023. (§6202)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Transparency in the
Similar to Senate provision with
Telecommunications
amendments. Amends the service area
Infrastructure Loan Program.
assessment to provide an opportunity
Amends Title VI of the Rural
for service providers, rather than the
Electrification Act of 1936 to require
public, to submit information. Adds
the Secretary to publish and make
reporting requirements for retail
available to the public a ful y searchable
broadband improvement and middle
database on the Rural Utility Service
mile projects.
database on the Rural Utility Service (RUS) website, a notice of each application from the Telecommunications Infrastructure Loan and Loan Guarantee Program including the applicant'
Includes language from Senate Section
application from the
6206 detailing procedures for assessing
Telecommunications Infrastructure
unserved communities and requiring
Loan and Loan Guarantee Program
recipients of broadband loans to
including the applicant’s identity,
provide broadband buildout data.
s identity, description of the application, type of support requested, the application status, estimated number of people in each census block group without telecommunication service, a list of census block groups the applicant
Includes language from House Section
status, estimated number of people in
6106 requiring the Secretary to submit
each census block group without
an annual report to Congress describing
telecommunication service, a list of
participation in broadband assistance
census block groups the applicant
programs and House Section 6112
proposes to service, the name of each
amending reporting requirements.
proposes to service, the name of each borrower, the type of assistance each is
(§6207)
receiving, and the purpose for which the
CRS-207
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
borrower is receiving assistance. With respect for a loan application, the Secretary is required to provide an opportunity for the pubic to submit information concerning the service the borrower is offering in the census blocks proposed in the application. (§6208)
Rural electrification and telephone
No comparable provision.
Amends Title III of the Rural
Identical to Senate provision. (§6507)
revolving fund. Authorizes the Fund in
Electrification Act of 1936 to permit
the U.S. Treasury consisting of bonds,
loan guarantees to be issued for
blocks proposed in the application. (§6208)
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Amends the service area assessment to provide an opportunity for service providers, rather than the public, to submit information. Adds reporting requirements for retail broadband improvement and middle mile projects.
Includes language from Senate Section 6206 detailing procedures for assessing unserved communities and requiring recipients of broadband loans to provide broadband buildout data.
Includes language from House Section 6106 requiring the Secretary to submit an annual report to Congress describing participation in broadband assistance programs and House Section 6112 amending reporting requirements. (§6207)
|
Rural electrification and telephone revolving fund. Authorizes the Fund in the U.S. Treasury consisting of bonds, notes, and obligations made under the notes, and obligations made under the
cybersecurity and grid security
Rural Electrification Act of 1936. (7
improvements. (§6210)
U.S.C. 931 et seq.)
No comparable provision.
Outdated broadband systems.
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision, amends the
Amends Section 601 of the Rural
provision to add an effective date of
Electrification to Act of 1936 to require
October 1, 2020. (§6205)
U.S.C. 931 et seq.)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends Title III of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 to permit loan guarantees to be issued for cybersecurity and grid security improvements. (§6210)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§6507)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Outdated broadband systems. Amends Section 601 of the Rural Electrification to Act of 1936 to require the Secretary to consider any portion of a broadband service area subject to an outstanding grant agreement where service is not at least 10 megabits per second and one megabit per second upstream as "unserved"“unserved” for purposes of broadband loans, unless the broadband provider has constructed or begun to construct service that meets minimal acceptable of standards as established under Section 601(e)(1) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936. (§6115)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision, amends the provision to add an effective date of October 1, 2020. (§6205)
|
No comparable provision
|
Federal broadband program coordination. Directs the Secretary to coordinate with the Assistant Secretary of the National Telecommunications and Information Administration for
No comparable provision
Federal broadband program
Directs the Secretary to coordinate
Similar to House provision with minor
coordination. Directs the Secretary to with the FCC to ensure any grants,
amendments. (§6212)
coordinate with the Assistant Secretary
loans, or loan guarantees complement,
of the National Telecommunications and and do not conflict with, support Information Administration for
provided by FCC. (§6206(3)(A)(ii))
assessment and mapping capabilities. The Secretary will wil consult with the
CRS-208
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
consult with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) before making a broadband loan or grant for a project to serve an area in which another entity is receiving Connect America Fun or Mobility Fund support under the federal universal service support mechanism. The FCC shall submit a report to congressional committees assessing its abilities to meet various objectives regarding long-term broadband service needs of rural residents. (§6116)
|
Directs the Secretary to coordinate with the FCC to ensure any grants, loans, or loan guarantees complement, and do not conflict with, support provided by FCC. (§6206(3)(A)(ii))
|
Similar to House provision with minor amendments. (§6212)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Effective date. Requires that the Secretary issue final rules before any amendments in this Subtitle take effect. (§6117)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision except the 90-day deadline for the Secretary to prescribe final regulations is removed. (§6116)
No comparable provision.
Effective date. Requires that the
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision except the
Secretary issue final rules before any
90-day deadline for the Secretary to
amendments in this Subtitle take effect.
prescribe final regulations is removed.
(§6117)
Further amends by providing the Secretary one year to issue a final rule implementing amendments to the Rural Electrification Act. (§6213)
Community Connect Grant
No comparable provision.
Amends to define eligible broadband
Similar to Senate provision with minor
Program. Provides grant support for
service at speeds designated by the
amendments. (§6204)
broadband transmission in rural areas
Secretary to service areas where
eligible for the Distance Learning and
current service is less than 10 Mbps
Telemedicine Program. Supports
downstream and 1 Mbps upstream.
broadband on a community-oriented
Defines eligible projects and the use of
connectivity basis to unserved rural
grant funds under the program.
areas for projects fostering economic
Requires matching funds. Also, requires
development, education, health care,
grant recipients to use a portion of the
and public safety. (7 U.S.C. 950bb et
grant funding to provide free broadband
seq.)
access to community centers. (§6207)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Electrification Act. (§6213)
|
Community Connect Grant Program. Provides grant support for broadband transmission in rural areas eligible for the Distance Learning and Telemedicine Program. Supports broadband on a community-oriented connectivity basis to unserved rural areas for projects fostering economic development, education, health care, and public safety. (7 U.S.C. 950bb et seq.)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends to define eligible broadband service at speeds designated by the Secretary to service areas where current service is less than 10 Mbps downstream and 1 Mbps upstream. Defines eligible projects and the use of grant funds under the program. Requires matching funds. Also, requires grant recipients to use a portion of the grant funding to provide free broadband access to community centers. (§6207)
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§6204)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Default and Deobligation; Deferral. Amends the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 to direct the Secretary to establish written procedures for default and deobligation of broadband loan and grant funds. Authorizes the Secretary to
CRS-209
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
establish a deferral period no shorter than the buildout period for a project in order to support financial feasibility and long-term sustainability of the project. (§6206)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Rural Broadband Integration
Similar to Senate Section 6305(l), which
Working Group. See Section 6305
long-term sustainability of the project. (§6206)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Rural Broadband Integration Working Group. See Section 6305 below.
|
Similar to Senate Section 6305(l), which establishes a Rural Broadband establishes a Rural Broadband
below.
Integration Working Group, but amends it to establish the group as a standalone group outside of the Council on Rural Community Innovation and Economic Development. Further amends to change the designated working group co-chairs from the Secretary of Agriculture and Secretary of Commerce to the administrator of the Rural Utilities Service, the Assistant Secretary for Communications and Information, the director of the National Economic Council, and the director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. (§6214)
|
Rural Community, Business Development, and Infrastructure Programs
|
Strategic Economic and Community Development. Authorizes the Secretary to give priority to applications for rural projects that support strategic community and economic development plans on a multijurisdictional basis. Authorizes the Secretary to reserve up to 10% of the appropriations for community facilities, water and waste disposal, business and industry loan guarantees, and rural business development grants for projects serving strategic community and regional plans. (7 U.S.C. 2008v)
|
Amends the ConAct to prioritize project applications that support implementation of strategic investment plans on a multi-sectoral and multi-jurisdictional basis by reserving a portion of funds available in a fiscal year for such projects. Also authorizes assistance for developing strategic community investment plans. Authorizes an appropriation of $5 million for each of FY2019-FY2023 for developing strategic investment plans. (§6201)
|
Amends the ConAct to prioritize project applications that support implementation of strategic investment plans on a multi-sectoral and multi-jurisdictional basis. Directs the Secretary to reserve not more than 10% of funds available in a fiscal year for such projects. Also authorizes assistance for developing strategic community investment plans. Authorizes appropriations of $5 million for each of FY2019-FY2023 for developing strategic investment plans. (§6123)
|
Similar to Senate provision but increases the reserve to a maximum of 15% of funds available in a fiscal year. (§6401)
|
Rural Definitions. Defines "rural" and "rural area" as any area other than an area with a city or town of 50,000 or more, and the contiguous and adjacent urbanized area to such a city or town. For water and waste disposal applications, the population threshold is 10,000 and 20,000 for community facilities applications, (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13).
|
Amends the ConAct to exclude water and waste disposal guaranteed loans from the requirement of an eligible rural area being one of 10,000 or less population, and 20,000 for community facilities loans and grants, (§6202)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision except that funding is reserved for community facilities projects in communities with populations of 20,000 or fewer people and that priority is given to water and wastewater facility projects in communities with populations of 10,000 or fewer people. (§6402)
|
Special conditions and limitations on loans. Establishes various standards on borrowers. (7 U.S.C. 1983)
|
Authorizes the collection of loan fees for insured or guaranteed loans in a fiscal year to equal the total subsidy costs for loan guarantees in that fiscal year. (§6203(a))
|
Authorizes the collection of loan fees from the lender of insured or guaranteed loans in a fiscal year to equal the total subsidy costs for loan guarantees in that fiscal year. (§6117(a))
|
Similar to House provision except the Secretary is authorized to collect fees in such amounts as to bring down the costs of subsidies for insured or guaranteed loans, providing that the fees
Strategic Economic and
Amends the ConAct to prioritize
Amends the ConAct to prioritize
Similar to Senate provision but
Community Development.
project applications that support
project applications that support
increases the reserve to a maximum of
Authorizes the Secretary to give
implementation of strategic investment
implementation of strategic investment
15% of funds available in a fiscal year.
priority to applications for rural
plans on a multi-sectoral and multi-
plans on a multi-sectoral and multi-
(§6401)
projects that support strategic
jurisdictional basis by reserving a
jurisdictional basis. Directs the
community and economic development
portion of funds available in a fiscal year
Secretary to reserve not more than
plans on a multijurisdictional basis.
for such projects. Also authorizes
10% of funds available in a fiscal year for
Authorizes the Secretary to reserve up
assistance for developing strategic
such projects. Also authorizes
to 10% of the appropriations for
community investment plans. Authorizes assistance for developing strategic
community facilities, water and waste
an appropriation of $5 mil ion for each
community investment plans.
disposal, business and industry loan
of FY2019-FY2023 for developing
Authorizes appropriations of $5 mil ion
guarantees, and rural business
strategic investment plans. (§6201)
for each of FY2019-FY2023 for
development grants for projects serving
CRS-210
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
strategic community and regional plans.
developing strategic investment plans.
(7 U.S.C. 2008v)
(§6123)
Rural Definitions. Defines “rural” and
Amends the ConAct to exclude water
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision except that
“rural area” as any area other than an
and waste disposal guaranteed loans
funding is reserved for community
area with a city or town of 50,000 or
from the requirement of an eligible rural
facilities projects in communities with
more, and the contiguous and adjacent
area being one of 10,000 or less
populations of 20,000 or fewer people
urbanized area to such a city or town.
population, and 20,000 for community
and that priority is given to water and
For water and waste disposal
facilities loans and grants, (§6202)
wastewater facility projects in
applications, the population threshold is
communities with populations of 10,000
10,000 and 20,000 for community
or fewer people. (§6402)
facilities applications, (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13).
Special conditions and limitations
Authorizes the col ection of loan fees
Authorizes the col ection of loan fees
Similar to House provision except the
on loans. Establishes various standards
for insured or guaranteed loans in a
from the lender of insured or
Secretary is authorized to col ect fees in
on borrowers. (7 U.S.C. 1983)
fiscal year to equal the total subsidy
guaranteed loans in a fiscal year to equal such amounts as to bring down the
costs for loan guarantees in that fiscal
the total subsidy costs for loan
costs of subsidies for insured or
year. (§6203(a))
guarantees in that fiscal year.
guaranteed loans, providing that the fees
(§6117(a))
shall not act as a bar to participation in the programs, nor be inconsistent with current practices in the marketplace. (§6418)
|
Collection of fees. Authorizes loans
Authorizes the col ection of loan fees
Authorizes the col ection of loan fees
See Section 6201 above.
and loan guarantees to provide funds
for broadband guaranteed loans in a
from the lender of broadband
for the costs of the construction,
fiscal year to equal the total subsidy
guaranteed loans in a fiscal year equal to
improvement, and acquisition of
costs for loan guarantees in that fiscal
the total subsidy costs for loan
facilities and equipment for broadband
year. (§6203(b))
guarantees in that fiscal year.
service in rural areas. (7 U.S.C.
(§6117(b))
950bb(c))
Water, waste disposal, and
Raises the maximum amount of project
Raises the maximum amount of project
Identical to House provision. (§6403)
wastewater facility grants.
financing from $100,000 to $200,000.
financing from $100,000 to $200,000.
Authorizes grants to capitalize revolving
Authorizes $15 mil ion annually for
Authorizes $30 mil ionCollection of fees. Authorizes loans and loan guarantees to provide funds for the costs of the construction, improvement, and acquisition of facilities and equipment for broadband service in rural areas. (7 U.S.C. 950bb(c))
|
Authorizes the collection of loan fees for broadband guaranteed loans in a fiscal year to equal the total subsidy costs for loan guarantees in that fiscal year. (§6203(b))
|
Authorizes the collection of loan fees from the lender of broadband guaranteed loans in a fiscal year equal to the total subsidy costs for loan guarantees in that fiscal year. (§6117(b))
|
See Section 6201 above.
|
Water, waste disposal, and wastewater facility grants. Authorizes grants to capitalize revolving loan funds of nonprofit association to support water and waste water projects in rural areas. Authorizes $30 million in grants annually for FY2008-FY2018, subject to annual appropriations. (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(2)(B))
|
Raises the maximum amount of project financing from $100,000 to $200,000. Authorizes $15 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§6204)
|
Raises the maximum amount of project financing from $100,000 to $200,000. Authorizes $30 million annually for annually for
loan funds of nonprofit association to
FY2019-FY2023. (§6101)
|
Identical to House provision. (§6403)
|
Rural water and wastewater technical assistance and training programs. Provides grants to private nonprofit organizations to provide technical assistance to rural water systems. (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(2)(B))
|
Directs technical assistance toward identifying options to enhance long-term sustainability of rural water systems. Increases appropriations for technical assistance grants from no less than 1% or more than 3% of the water, waste disposal, and wastewater facility grant appropriation to no less than 3% or more than 5%. (§6205)
|
Directs the Secretary to give priority to private nonprofit organizations that have experience providing technical assistance and training on contaminated drinking water and surface water supplies from emerging contaminants. Increases appropriations for technical assistance grants from no less than 1% 6204)
FY2019-FY2023. (§6101)
support water and waste water projects in rural areas. Authorizes $30 mil ion in grants annually for FY2008-FY2018,
CRS-211
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
subject to annual appropriations. (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(2)(B))
Rural water and wastewater
Directs technical assistance toward
Directs the Secretary to give priority to
Similar to Senate provision but adds
technical assistance and training
identifying options to enhance long-term private nonprofit organizations that
that addressing the contamination of
programs. Provides grants to private
sustainability of rural water systems.
have experience providing technical
drinking water and surface water
nonprofit organizations to provide
Increases appropriations for technical
assistance and training on contaminated
supplies as an allowable purpose of a
technical assistance to rural water
assistance grants from no less than 1%
drinking water and surface water
grant provided under this section.
systems. (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(2)(B))
or more than 3% of the water, waste
supplies from emerging contaminants.
(§6404).
disposal, and wastewater facility grant
Increases appropriations for technical
appropriation to no less than 3% or
assistance grants from no less than 1%
more than 5%. (§6205)
or more than 3% of the water, waste disposal, and wastewater facility grant appropriation to no less than 3% or more than 5%. (§6102)
Rural Water and Waste Water
Authorizes funding at $25 mil ion in
Authorizes funding at $25 mil ion for
Identical to Senate provision. (§6405)
Circuit Rider Program. Provides
FY2018 and for each fiscal year
each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6103)
funding to support technical assistance
thereafter. (§6206)
more than 5%. (§6102)
|
Similar to Senate provision but adds that addressing the contamination of drinking water and surface water supplies as an allowable purpose of a grant provided under this section. (§6404).
|
Rural Water and Waste Water Circuit Rider Program. Provides funding to support technical assistance to water rural water systems. Authorizes funding of $20 million mil ion annually in FY2014 and each fiscal year thereafter. (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(22))
|
Authorizes funding at $25 million in FY2018 and for each fiscal year thereafter. (§6206)
|
Authorizes funding at $25 million for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6103)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§6405)
|
Tribal college and university essential community facilities. Provides grant funding to entities that are tribal colleges
Tribal college and university
Amends the provision by authorizing
Authorizes funding at $10 mil ion for
Identical to Senate provision. (§6406)
essential community facilities.
funding of $5 mil ion for each of
each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6104)
Provides grant funding to entities that
FY2019-FY2023. (§6207)
are tribal col eges to provide the federal share of the cost of developing specific tribal collegecol ege or university essential community facilities. Authorizes funding of $10 millionmil ion each of FY2008-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(25)(C))
Emergency and Imminent
Amends the program to reserve any
Provides selection criteria for projects
Similar to Senate provision but limits
Community Water Assistance
funds for the program only until July 1
addressing contamination that poses a
the length of a grant to provide potable
Program. Provides assistance to water
of the fiscal year, except where a natural threat to human health or the
water to communities to 120 days with
systems in rural communities of 10,000
disaster has threatened potable water
environment. Raises the loan rate
the possibility to extend for an
or less where there is a threat to
supplies. Authorizes funding at $27
provision from $500,000 to $1 mil ion.
additional 120 days. Also, adopts House
potable water supplies. Authorizes
Instructs the Secretary to create an
language reserving funds for the
CRS-212
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
funding of $35 mil ion for each of
mil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023.
“Interagency Task Force on Rural
program only until July 1 of the fiscal
FY2008-FY2018. (7 U.S.C.
(§6208)
Water Quality” within 90 days of the
year. (§6407)
1926a(i)(2))
enactment of H.R. 2. Requires a report that provides recommendations to the House and Senate agriculture committees. Authorizes funding of $50 mil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§6106)
Grants for water systems for rural
Reauthorizes appropriations at $30
Amends the definition of Alaska and
Identical to Senate provision. (§6408)
and Native Villages in Alaska.
mil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023.
Native vil ages by using definitions in P.L.
Funding for water projects to improve
(§6209)
105-83 and 43 U.S.C. 1602.
sanitation and potable water in rural
Reauthorizes appropriations of $30
Alaska. Authorizes $30 mil ion annually
mil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023.
for FY2008-FY2013, subject to
(§6107)
appropriations. (7 U.S.C. 1926d)
Household water well systems.
Reauthorizes appropriations at $5
Renames the provision the “Rural
Similar to Senate provision but amends
Provides funding to third-party
mil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023.
Decentralized Water Systems.”
authorization of appropriations to $20
organizations with expertise in
(§6210)
Redefines “eligible individual” as one
mil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023.
residential well-water systems to
who does not exceed 60% of the
(§6409)
construct, refurbish, and service
median nonmetropolitan household
individually owned household water
income for the state or territory. Limits
well systems in rural areas for
grants to a maximum of $15,000 for
individuals with low or moderate
each water well system or decentralized
incomes. Authorizes $10 mil ion
wastewater system. Authorizes $40
annually for FY2008-FY2018, subject to
mil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023.
appropriations. (7 U.S.C. 1926(e))
(§6108)
Solid waste management grants.
Reauthorizes appropriations at $10
Identical to House provision. (§6109)
Identical to House and Senate
Provides grant assistance for
mil ion for each of FY2019-FY2023.
provisions. (§6410)
communities to establish or improve
(§6211)
each of FY2008-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(25)(C))
|
Amends the provision by authorizing funding of $5 million for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6207)
|
Authorizes funding at $10 million for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6104)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§6406)
|
Emergency and Imminent Community Water Assistance Program. Provides assistance to water systems in rural communities of 10,000 or less where there is a threat to potable water supplies. Authorizes funding of $35 million for each of FY2008-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 1926a(i)(2))
|
Amends the program to reserve any funds for the program only until July 1 of the fiscal year, except where a natural disaster has threatened potable water supplies. Authorizes funding at $27 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§6208)
|
Provides selection criteria for projects addressing contamination that poses a threat to human health or the environment. Raises the loan rate provision from $500,000 to $1 million. Instructs the Secretary to create an "Interagency Task Force on Rural Water Quality" within 90 days of the enactment of H.R. 2. Requires a report that provides recommendations to the House and Senate agriculture committees. Authorizes funding of $50 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§6106)
|
Similar to Senate provision but limits the length of a grant to provide potable water to communities to 120 days with the possibility to extend for an additional 120 days. Also, adopts House language reserving funds for the program only until July 1 of the fiscal year. (§6407)
|
Grants for water systems for rural and Native Villages in Alaska. Funding for water projects to improve sanitation and potable water in rural Alaska. Authorizes $30 million annually for FY2008-FY2013, subject to appropriations. (7 U.S.C. 1926d)
|
Reauthorizes appropriations at $30 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§6209)
|
Amends the definition of Alaska and Native villages by using definitions in P.L. 105-83 and 43 U.S.C. 1602. Reauthorizes appropriations of $30 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§6107)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§6408)
|
Household water well systems. Provides funding to third-party organizations with expertise in residential well-water systems to construct, refurbish, and service individually owned household water well systems in rural areas for individuals with low or moderate incomes. Authorizes $10 million annually for FY2008-FY2018, subject to appropriations. (7 U.S.C. 1926(e))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations at $5 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§6210)
|
Renames the provision the "Rural Decentralized Water Systems." Redefines "eligible individual" as one who does not exceed 60% of the median nonmetropolitan household income for the state or territory. Limits grants to a maximum of $15,000 for each water well system or decentralized wastewater system. Authorizes $40 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§6108)
|
Similar to Senate provision but amends authorization of appropriations to $20 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§6409)
|
Solid waste management grants. Provides grant assistance for communities to establish or improve solid waste management facilities. Authorizes $10 millionmil ion annually for FY2008-FY2018, subject to annual appropriations. (7 U.S.C. 1932(b))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations at $10 million for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6211)
|
Identical to House provision. (§6109)
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§6410)
|
Rural business development grants. Provides grants in rural areas for business opportunities and for
Rural business development
Reauthorizes the program at $65 mil ion Identical to House provision. (§6110)
Identical to House and Senate
grants. Provides grants in rural areas
for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6212)
provisions. (§6411)
for business opportunities and for
CRS-213
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
support of business enterprises that finance small and emerging private enterprises. Authorizes $65 millionmil ion for each fiscal year 2014-2018. (7 U.S.C. 1932 (c)(4)(A))
Rural cooperative development
Reauthorizes the program at $40 mil ion Requests that Economic Census data
Similar to Senate provision except for
grants. Authorizes the creation of jobs
for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6213)
(conducted by the Bureau of the
the inclusion of a technical correction
in rural areas through the development
Census) be utilized for analysis.
from the House provision. (§6412)
of new rural cooperatives, value-added
Reauthorizes the program at $40
processing, and rural businesses.
mil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023.
Authorizes $40 mil ion1932 (c)(4)(A))
|
Reauthorizes the program at $65 million for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6212)
|
Identical to House provision. (§6110)
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§6411)
|
Rural cooperative development grants. Authorizes the creation of jobs in rural areas through the development of new rural cooperatives, value-added processing, and rural businesses. Authorizes $40 million annually for annually for
(§6111)
FY2008-FY2013, subject to appropriations. (7 U.S.C. 1932(e)(5))
|
Reauthorizes the program at $40 million for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6213)
|
Requests that Economic Census data (conducted by the Bureau of the Census) be utilized for analysis. Reauthorizes the program at $40 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§6111)
|
Similar to Senate provision except for the inclusion of a technical correction from the House provision. (§6412)
|
Locally or regionally produced agricultural food products. Provides
Locally or regionally produced
Reauthorizes the program for FY2019-
Identical to House provision. (§6112)
Identical to House and Senate
agricultural food products. Provides
FY2023. (§6214)
provisions. (6413)
funding to increase domestic consumption of locally and regionally produced agricultural products and to provide affordable food products in underserved rural and urban areas. Reserves not less than 5% of the funds of the Business and Industry Loan Guarantee program for support of locally and regionally produced food. Requires an annual report to Congress on the program. (7 U.S.C. 1932(g)(9)(B)(v)(I))
Appropriate technology transfer
Reauthorizes the program at $5 mil ion
1932(g)(9)(B)(v)(I))
|
Reauthorizes the program for FY2019-FY2023. (§6214)
|
Identical to House provision. (§6112)
|
(§6113)
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (6413)
|
Appropriate technology transfer for rural areas. Provides grant
for rural areas. Provides grant
for each year FY2019-FY2023. (§6215)
provisions. (§6414)
support at an agricultural institution (e.g., universities) for information activities to agricultural producers. Authorizes $5 millionmil ion annually for FY2008-FY2018, subject to appropriations. (7 U.S.C. 1932(i)(4))
|
Reauthorizes the program at $5 million for each year FY2019-FY2023. (§6215)
|
Identical to House provision. (§6113)
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§6414)
|
Rural Economic Area Partnership. The program assists communities
CRS-214
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Rural Economic Area Partnership.
Reauthorizes the program for FY2019-
Identical to House provision. (§6114)
Identical to House and Senate
The program assists communities
FY2023. (§6216)
provisions. (§6415)
dealing with geographic and economic isolation, low-density population, absence of nearby metropolitan centers, and historical dependence on agribusiness, out-migration, and economic upheaval to develop strategies for revitalization zones. (7 U.S.C. 1932j)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Rural Business-Cooperative
Similar to Senate provision but with
Service Programs Technical
minor amendments. (§6419)
U.S.C. 1932j)
|
Reauthorizes the program for FY2019-FY2023. (§6216)
|
Identical to House provision. (§6114)
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§6415)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Rural Business-Cooperative Service Programs Technical Assistance and Training. Authorizes the Secretary to make grants to a variety of entities for the purpose of providing or obtaining technical assistance and training to support applications through the Rural Business-Cooperative Service. Authorizes grants to assist communities in identifying economic development needs, identify resources, prepare reports and surveys, and to prepare applications for financial assistance. Authorizes $5 million mil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§6118)
|
Similar to Senate provision but with minor amendments. (§6419)
|
Intermediary Relending Program. Provides direct loans at 1% interest to intermediaries to finance business facilities and community development projects in rural areas with populations
Intermediary Relending Program.
Reauthorizes the program at $10 mil ion Limits the maximum amount of a loan
Identical to Senate provision. (§6416)
Provides direct loans at 1% interest to
for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6217)
by an eligible entity for projects,
intermediaries to finance business
including the unpaid balance of any
facilities and community development
existing loans, to $400,000 and 50% of
projects in rural areas with populations
the loan to the eligibility entity. Requires
of 25,000 or less. The Rural Business
the Secretary to establish a schedule
of 25,000 or less. The Rural Business Service loan to an intermediary is used
consistent with the amortization
to establish or fund a revolving loan
schedules of the portfolio of loans made
program to provide financial assistance
or guaranteed. Authorizes
to ultimate recipients for community
appropriations of $25 mil ion annually
development projects, establishment of
for FY2019-FY2023, (§6115)
CRS-215
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
new businesses or expansion of existing businessesto establish or fund a revolving loan program to provide financial assistance to ultimate recipients for community development projects, establishment of new businesses or expansion of existing businesses. Authorizes appropriations of $25 million for each of FY2014-FY2018, subject to annual appropriations. (7 U.S.C. 1936b(e))
|
Reauthorizes the program at $10 million for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6217)
|
Limits the maximum amount of a loan by an eligible entity for projects, including the unpaid balance of any existing loans, to $400,000 and 50% of the loan to the eligibility entity. Requires the Secretary to establish a schedule consistent with the amortization schedules of the portfolio of loans made or guaranteed. Authorizes appropriations of $25 mil ion for each of FY2014-FY2018, subject to annual appropriations. (7 U.S.C. 1936b(e))
Definition of rural and rural area.
Amends the definition to exclude
No comparable provision.
See Section 6301 below.
$25 million annually for FY2019-FY2023, (§6115)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§6416)
|
Definition of rural and rural area. Rural and rural area are defined as any
incarcerated prison populations in
area other than a city or town with a
determining whether an area is “rural.”
population of 50,000 or more and any
(§6218)
urbanized area contiguous or adjacent to such a city or town. (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13))
Definition of rural and rural area.
Amends the definition to exclude the
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision but adds
Rural and rural area are defined as any
first 1,500 individuals who reside in
House Section 6218, excluding
area other than a city or town with a
housing located on a military base to
populations of incarcerated individuals
population of 50,000 or more, and any
determining whether an area is “rural”
from calculations determining whether
urbanized area contiguous or adjacent
for eligibility for rural broadband loans.
an area is “rural” or is a “rural area.”
to such a city or town. (7 U.S.C.
Further amends to define rural area for
(§6301)
1991(a)(13))
1991(a)(13))
|
Amends the definition to exclude incarcerated prison populations in determining whether an area is "rural." (§6218)
|
No comparable provision.
|
See Section 6301 below.
|
Definition of rural and rural area. Rural and rural area are defined as any area other than a city or town with a population of 50,000 or more, and any urbanized area contiguous or adjacent to such a city or town. (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13))
|
Amends the definition to exclude the first 1,500 individuals who reside in housing located on a military base to determining whether an area is "rural" for eligibility for rural broadband loans. Further amends to define rural area for purposes of the Distance Learning and Telemedicine Program as area other than (1) a city or town with a population of 50,000 or more, and any urbanized area contiguous or adjacent to such a city or town, and (2) a city, town, or incorporated area with a population greater than 20,000. (§6505)
National Rural Development
Reauthorizes the program at $10 mil ion Identical to House provision. (§6119)
Identical to House and Senate
Partnership. A state-federal rural
for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6219)
provisions. (§6420)
population greater than 20,000. (§6505)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision but adds House Section 6218, excluding populations of incarcerated individuals from calculations determining whether an area is "rural" or is a "rural area." (§6301)
|
National Rural Development Partnership. A state-federal rural economic development coordinating entity operating through State Rural Development Councils and a National Rural Development Coordinating Committee. Authorizes appropriations of $10 millionmil ion annually for FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 2008m)
CRS-216
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Grants for NOAA weather radio
Reauthorizes the program at $1 mil ion
Identical to House provision. (§6120)
Identical to House and Senate
transmitters. Provides grant funding
for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6220)
provisions. (§6421)
FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 2008m)
|
Reauthorizes the program at $10 million for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6219)
|
Identical to House provision. (§6119)
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§6420)
|
Grants for NOAA weather radio transmitters. Provides grant funding to public and nonprofit entities for the federal share of the cost of acquiring radio transmitters to increase coverage in rural areas by the all hazards weather radio broadcast system of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Authorizes $1 million mil ion for each of FY2014-FY2018, subject to annual appropriations. (7 U.S.C. 2008p)
Rural Microentrepreneur
Reauthorizes the program at $4 mil ion
Authorizes funding at $20 mil ion for
Similar to Senate provision, except the
Assistance Program. Provides grant
in discretionary funding for each year
FY2019-FY2023. (§6121)
authorization of mandatory funding is
support to third-party entities that
FY2019-FY2023. (§6221)
eliminated. (§6422)
2008p)
|
Reauthorizes the program at $1 million for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6220)
|
Identical to House provision. (§6120)
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§6421)
|
Rural Microentrepreneur Assistance Program. Provides grant support to third-party entities that assist rural entrepreneurs in establishing microenterprises in rural areas. Authorizes $40 millionmil ion annually in discretionary spending for each of FY2009-FY2018, subject to appropriations, and $3 millionmil ion in mandatory spending annually for FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 2008s)
|
Reauthorizes the program at $4 million in discretionary funding for each year FY2019-FY2023. (§6221)
|
Authorizes funding at $20 million for FY2019-FY2023. (§6121)
|
Similar to Senate provision, except the authorization of mandatory funding is eliminated. (§6422)
|
Health care services. Addresses unmet health needs in the Mississippi
Health care services. Addresses
Reauthorizes the program at $3 mil ion
Identical to House provision. (§6122)
Identical to House and Senate
unmet health needs in the Mississippi
for each year FY2019-FY2023. (§6222)
provisions. (§6423)
Delta region through grants awarded to health care services and health care education programs. Authorizes $3 millionmil ion in appropriations for each of FY2008-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 2008u)
|
Reauthorizes the program at $3 million for each year FY2019-FY2023. (§6222)
|
Identical to House provision. (§6122)
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§6423)
|
Delta Regional Authority. An eight-state and federal regional planning and
Delta Regional Authority. An eight-
Reauthorizes the program at $30 mil ion Identical to House provision. (§6124)
Identical to House and Senate
state and federal regional planning and
for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6223)
provisions. (§6425)
development entity that provides loan and grant support for economic development projects in rural counties in the Mississippi Delta area. Authorizes $30 million
CRS-217
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
$30 mil ion annually for FY2008-FY2018, subject to appropriations. (7 U.S.C. 2009aa et seq.)
Northern Great Plains Regional
Reauthorizes the program at $2 mil ion
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Authority. Authorizes an economic
for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6224)
U.S.C. 2009aa et seq.)
|
Reauthorizes the program at $30 million for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6223)
|
Identical to House provision. (§6124)
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§6425)
|
Northern Great Plains Regional Authority. Authorizes an economic development commission that develops regional plans and makes loans and grants for infrastructure and economic development in five Great Plains states. Authorizes $30 millionmil ion annually for FY2008-FY2018, subject to appropriations. (7 U.S.C. 2009bb et seq.)
Rural Business Investment
Reauthorizes the program at $20 mil ion Identical to House provision. (§6125)
Identical to House and Senate
Program. Modeled on the Small
for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6225)
provisions. (§6427)
seq.)
|
Reauthorizes the program at $2 million for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6224)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Rural Business Investment Program. Modeled on the Small Business Administration's Small Business Investment Companies, the Rural Business Investment Program provides funding to help capitalize Rural Business Companies that, in turn, provide loans to rural businesses. Authorizes $20 millionmil ion for each of FY2014-FY2018, subject to appropriations. (7 U.S.C. 2009cc et seq.)
Rural Business Investment
No comparable provision.
Rural Business Investment
Identical to Senate2009cc et seq.)
|
Reauthorizes the program at $20 million for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§6225)
|
Identical to House provision. (§6125)
|
Identical to House and Senate provisions. (§6427)
|
Rural Business Investment Program. Modeled on the Small Business Administration's Small Business Investment Companies, the Rural Business Investment Program provides funding to help capitalize Rural Business Companies that, in turn, provide loans to rural businesses. Authorizes $20 million for each of FY2014-FY2018, subject to appropriations. (7 U.S.C. 2009cc et seq.)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Rural Business Investment Program. Strikes the term venture capital and replaces it with equity capital defined as common or preferred stock or a similar instrument, including subordinated debt with equity features. Strikes sentence regarding fees from "does not exceed $500" to "such fees as the Secretary considers appropriate." Under the section "Limitation on rural business investment companies controlled by Farm Credit System institutions" (§6426)
Program. Modeled on the Small
Program. Strikes the term venture
Business Administration's Small Business
capital and replaces it with equity capital
Investment Companies, the Rural
defined as common or preferred stock
Business Investment Program provides
or a similar instrument, including
funding to help capitalize Rural Business
subordinated debt with equity features.
Companies that, in turn, provide loans
Strikes sentence regarding fees from
to rural businesses. Authorizes $20
“does not exceed $500” to “such fees
mil ion for each of FY2014-FY2018,
as the Secretary considers appropriate.”
subject to appropriations. (7 U.S.C.
Under the section “Limitation on rural
2009cc et seq.)
business investment companies control ed by Farm Credit System
CRS-218
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
institutions” increases the limit to 50% of the shares of a rural business investment company before the rural business investment company is prohibited from providing equity investments to companies that are not otherwise eligible to receive financing from the Farm Credit System. The provision is further amended to state that the Secretary may not require that an entity applying to become a certified rural business investment company provide investment or capital that is not required of other companies eligible to apply to operate as a rural business investment company. (§12626)
Rural Electrification Act of 1936
Guarantees for bonds and notes
Reauthorizes the program through
Directs the Secretary to continue the
Identical to Senate provision. (§6505)
issued for electrification or
FY2023. (§6301); Amends to authorize
program until amendments
telephone purposes. Section 313 of
guaranteed payments on bonds or notes restructuring payments made in the
the Rural Electrification Act of 1936.
issued by cooperatives or other lenders
H.R. 2 are implemented. Amends to
Provides for federal guarantees for
on a not-for-profit basis if the bonds are provide a guarantee term of 30 years
bonds and notes that finance rural
used to make utility infrastructure loans
for a loan to be repaid in periodic
electrification and telephone
or to refinance bonds or notes issued
installments. (§6205)
infrastructure. States that a lender
for such purposes. Defines the terms of
receiving a guarantee on a bond or note
such bonds or notes. (§6303)
shall pay a fee to the Secretary. (7 U.S.C. 940c-1(f))
Loans for Rural Telephone Service. No comparable provision.
Amends to make technical changes to
Similar to Senate provision with minor
Authorizes the Secretary to make loans
language. (§6203)
amendments. (§6502)
investment company. (§12626)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§6426)
|
Rural Electrification Act of 1936
|
Guarantees for bonds and notes issued for electrification or telephone purposes. Section 313 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936. Provides for federal guarantees for bonds and notes that finance rural electrification and telephone infrastructure. States that a lender receiving a guarantee on a bond or note shall pay a fee to the Secretary. (7 U.S.C. 940c-1(f))
|
Reauthorizes the program through FY2023. (§6301); Amends to authorize guaranteed payments on bonds or notes issued by cooperatives or other lenders on a not-for-profit basis if the bonds are used to make utility infrastructure loans or to refinance bonds or notes issued for such purposes. Defines the terms of such bonds or notes. (§6303)
|
Directs the Secretary to continue the program until amendments restructuring payments made in the H.R. 2 are implemented. Amends to provide a guarantee term of 30 years for a loan to be repaid in periodic installments. (§6205)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§6505)
|
Loans for Rural Telephone Service. Authorizes the Secretary to make loans to persons now providing or who may hereinafter provide telephone service in rural areas, to public bodies now providing telephone service in rural areas and to cooperative, nonprofit,
CRS-219
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
limited dividend, or mutual associations. (7 U.S.C. 922)
General authority of the Secretary
No comparable provision.
Amends to provide a program for
Similar to Senate provision with minor
of Agriculture. Authorizes the
technical assistance for rural electric
amendments. (§6501)
Secretary to make loans for rural
loans. Authorizes the Secretary to enter
electrification and for furnishing and
into a memorandum of understanding
improving electric and telephone service
with the Secretary of the Department
to rural areas. (7 U.S.C. 902(a)).
areas and to cooperative, nonprofit, limited dividend, or mutual associations. (7 U.S.C. 922)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends to make technical changes to language. (§6203)
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§6502)
|
General authority of the Secretary of Agriculture. Authorizes the Secretary to make loans for rural electrification and for furnishing and improving electric and telephone service to rural areas. (7 U.S.C. 902(a)).
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends to provide a program for technical assistance for rural electric loans. Authorizes the Secretary to enter into a memorandum of understanding with the Secretary of the Department of Energy to provide direct advice, maps and training to implement demand-side management of electric and telephones service in rural areas, energy efficiency and conservation, and off-grid and on-grid renewable energy systems. (§6202)
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§6501)
|
General authority of the Secretary of Agriculture. Authorizes the
General authority of the Secretary
No comparable provision.
Amends to add “or refinance” to the
Identical to Senate provision. (§6501)
of Agriculture. Authorizes the
authorities of the Secretary. (§6201)
Secretary to make loans for rural electrification and for furnishing and improving electric and telephone service to rural areas. (7 U.S.C. 902(a)).
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends to add "or refinance" to the authorities of the Secretary. (§6201)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§6501)
|
Expansion of 911access. Authorizes expanding the emergency telephone
Expansion of 911access. Authorizes
Reauthorizes the program through
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision with minor
expanding the emergency telephone
FY2023. (§6302)
amendments. (§6506)
service of 911 in rural areas by using any funds otherwise made available for telephone loans for each of FY2008-FY2013. (7 U.S.C. 940(e)d)
Rural Economic Development
No comparable provision.
Amends to terminate deposit authority
Similar to Senate provision with
Loan and Grant Program.
into cushion of credit accounts after
amendments. Amends the borrower’s
Authorizes “cushion of credit” accounts
October1, 2018. Further amends to
interest rate to 4% per year in FY2021
for electric cooperative borrowers who
change a borrower’s interest rate for
and thereafter to the then applicable
may voluntarily forward-pay on their
FY2019 and thereafter to a rate equal
one-year Treasury rate. Further amends
loans. The payments earn 5% interest
to the average interest rate used to
to allow a borrower to reduce the
for the borrowers. Total deposits in
make payments on the 5-year Treasury
cushion of credit account balance in
these accounts and the average interest
note, but not greater than 5%.
order to prepay loans made or
rates certificates of outstanding
Authorizes $5 mil ion in mandatory
guaranteed under the Rural
beneficial ownership accrue to the Rural
spending and $5 mil ion in discretionary
Electrification Act. Prohibits borrowers
CRS-220
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Economic Development subaccount and
spending for FY2022 and FY2023.
from being charged premiums on
may be used to support grants and 0%
(§6204)
prepayments. Authorizes mandatory
interest loans for economic
funding of such sums as necessary to
development projects in the RUS
cover any loan modifications costs.
borrower’s communities. (7 U.S.C.
(§6503)
940c)
Rural Economic Development
Amends to re-designate the language of
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision except
Loan and Grant Program.
the Rural Economic Development
authorizes $5 mil ion of mandatory
Authorizes “cushion of credit” accounts
Subaccount and to establish a new
Commodity Credit Corporation funds
for electric cooperative borrowers who
section authorizing discretionary
for each of fiscal years FY2022 and
may voluntarily forward-pay on their
appropriations of $10 mil ion for each
FY2023 in addition to the $10 mil ion
loans. The payments earn 5% interest
year for FY2019-FY2023. (§6304)
authorization of discretionary
for the borrowers. Total deposits in
appropriations for each year for
these accounts, and the average interest
FY2019-FY2023. (§6504)
FY2013. (7 U.S.C. 940(e)d)
|
Reauthorizes the program through FY2023. (§6302)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision with minor amendments. (§6506)
|
Rural Economic Development Loan and Grant Program. Authorizes "cushion of credit" accounts for electric cooperative borrowers who may voluntarily forward-pay on their loans. The payments earn 5% interest for the borrowers. Total deposits in these accounts and the average interest rates certificates of outstanding beneficial ownership accrue to the Rural Economic Development subaccount and may be used to support grants and 0% interest loans for economic development projects in the RUS borrower's communities. (7 U.S.C. 940c)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends to terminate deposit authority into cushion of credit accounts after October1, 2018. Further amends to change a borrower's interest rate for FY2019 and thereafter to a rate equal to the average interest rate used to make payments on the 5-year Treasury note, but not greater than 5%. Authorizes $5 million in mandatory spending and $5 million in discretionary spending for FY2022 and FY2023. (§6204)
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Amends the borrower's interest rate to 4% per year in FY2021 and thereafter to the then applicable one-year Treasury rate. Further amends to allow a borrower to reduce the cushion of credit account balance in order to prepay loans made or guaranteed under the Rural Electrification Act. Prohibits borrowers from being charged premiums on prepayments. Authorizes mandatory funding of such sums as necessary to cover any loan modifications costs. (§6503)
|
Rural Economic Development Loan and Grant Program. Authorizes "cushion of credit" accounts for electric cooperative borrowers who may voluntarily forward-pay on their loans. The payments earn 5% interest for the borrowers. Total deposits in these accounts, and the average interest rates on certificates of outstanding beneficial ownership, accrue to the Rural Economic Development subaccount and may be used to support grants and 0% interest loans for economic development projects in the RUS borrowers'’ communities. (7 U.S.C. 940c)
Miscellaneous
Value-added agricultural product
Eliminates mandatory funding and
Combines the Value-Added Agricultural
See Section 10102 in Table 14.
market development grants.
increases discretionary funding to $50
Product Market Development Grants (7
Provides grant support to agricultural
mil ion annually FY2019-FY2023.
U.S.C. 1632a(b)(7)), among other
producers to undertake projects that
(§6501)
existing USDA farmers' markets and
add value to commodities and thereby
local food programs, as part of a new
increase producer income. Also
“Local Agriculture Market Program"
supports planning and business
with expanded mandatory funding and
development for value-added projects.
administrative functions. See also
Authorizes $40 mil ionU.S.C. 940c)
|
Amends to re-designate the language of the Rural Economic Development Subaccount and to establish a new section authorizing discretionary appropriations of $10 million for each year for FY2019-FY2023. (§6304)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision except authorizes $5 million of mandatory Commodity Credit Corporation funds for each of fiscal years FY2022 and FY2023 in addition to the $10 million authorization of discretionary appropriations for each year for FY2019-FY2023. (§6504)
|
Miscellaneous
|
Value-added agricultural product market development grants. Provides grant support to agricultural producers to undertake projects that add value to commodities and thereby increase producer income. Also supports planning and business development for value-added projects. Authorizes $40 million annually for annually for
Horticulture title (§10102)
FY2008-FY2018, subject to annual appropriations, in addition to $63 millionmil ion in mandatory spending to remain
CRS-221
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
available until expended. in mandatory spending to remain available until expended. (7 U.S.C. 1632a(b)(7))
|
Eliminates mandatory funding and increases discretionary funding to $50 million annually FY2019-FY2023. (§6501)
|
Combines the Value-Added Agricultural Product Market Development Grants (7 U.S.C. 1632a(b)(7))
Agriculture Innovation Center
Reauthorizes the program through
No comparable provision.
See Section 7608 in Table 11.
Demonstration Program. Provides
FY2023 at the current appropriation.
1632a(b)(7)), among other existing USDA farmers' markets and local food programs, as part of a new "Local Agriculture Market Program" with expanded mandatory funding and administrative functions. See also Horticulture title (§10102)
|
See Section 10102 in Table 14.
|
Agriculture Innovation Center Demonstration Program. Provides grant funding to producers for technical grant funding to producers for technical
(§6502)
assistance in developing agricultural-based businesses based on value-added production. Authorizes funding of $1 millionmil ion annually for FY2014-FY2018, subject to annual appropriations. (7 U.S.C. 1632(b)(i))
Rural Development, Small Farm
No comparable provision.
Amends rural health and safety
See Section 6101 above.
Programs authorized. Authorizes
education programs to add a new grant
the Secretary in cooperation and
program on substance use and disorder
coordination with col eges and
education and prevention. (§6303)
U.S.C. 1632(b)(i))
|
Reauthorizes the program through FY2023 at the current appropriation. (§6502)
|
No comparable provision.
|
See Section 7608 in Table 11.
|
Rural Development, Small Farm Programs authorized. Authorizes the Secretary in cooperation and coordination with colleges and universities, to conduct rural development extension, rural development extension work programs, small farm extension, and other programs. Authorizes a national program administered by NIFA to provide rural citizens with training and technical management assistance and education opportunities, including rural health and safety programs. Authorizes the Secretary to make grants for rural health and safety education programs. (7 U.S.C. 2662)
Regional economic and
Reauthorizes the commissions through
Reauthorizes the commissions through
Similar to Senate provision except
infrastructure development
FY2023 at the current appropriation.
FY2023 at the current appropriation.
increases the authorization for annual
commissions. Consists of three
(§6503)
Amends the purpose of commission
appropriations from $30 mil ion to $33
regional development authorities: a
grants to include growing the capacity
mil ion for each commission for
Northern Border Regional Commission,
for successful community economic
FY2019-FY2023. Further amends to add
a Southeast Crescent Regional
development in its region and attracting
a succession plan for commissions in the
Commission, and a Southwest Border
businesses to the region from outside
event both the federal cochairperson
Regional Commission. These
the United States. Amends the regions
and alternate federal cochairperson are
CRS-222
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
commissions develop regional
included in the Northern Border
unable to perform the functions and
development plans and then make
Regional Commission to include
duties of the office.
infrastructure loans and grants to
additional counties in New Hampshire
Amends the State Capacity Building
eligible entities in their respective
and Vermont.
Grant Program to prohibit use of grant
regions. (40 U.S.C. 15101 et seq.)
Directs the Northern Border Regional
funds for supplanting existing state
Authorizes annual appropriations of $30
Commission to establish a State
programs. Further amends to require
mil ion to each of the commissions. Not
Capacity Building Grant Program to
that a commission state or grant
more than 10% of appropriated funds to
provide grants to commission states for
recipient must pay the amount of
any commission can be used for
certain economic development
administrative expenses of the
administrative expenses. (40 U.S.C.
activities. Authorizes appropriations of
commission state for an applicable fiscal
15751(b))
such sums as the commission
year in order to be eligible for a grant.
determines necessary for the program,
(§6304)
but not more than $5 mil ion for each fiscal year. (§6304)
Definition of rural area for
Amends the definition by defining rural
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§6305)
purposes of the Housing Act of
area as any area so defined between
1949. Rural area is defined as any area
1990 and 2020 to remain so classified
so defined between 1990 and 2010 to
until receipt of the 2030 decennial
remain so classified until receipt of the
census. The provision keeps the 35,000
2020 decennial census. The provision
population threshold for areas rural in
also caps the eligible rural population
character and with a serious lack of
threshold at 35,000 residents or less for mortgage credit for lower and health and safety education programs. (7 U.S.C. 2662)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends rural health and safety education programs to add a new grant program on substance use and disorder education and prevention. (§6303)
|
See Section 6101 above.
|
Regional economic and infrastructure development commissions. Consists of three regional development authorities: a Northern Border Regional Commission, a Southeast Crescent Regional Commission, and a Southwest Border Regional Commission. These commissions develop regional development plans and then make infrastructure loans and grants to eligible entities in their respective regions. (40 U.S.C. 15101 et seq.) Authorizes annual appropriations of $30 million to each of the commissions. Not more than 10% of appropriated funds to any commission can be used for administrative expenses. (40 U.S.C. 15751(b))
|
Reauthorizes the commissions through FY2023 at the current appropriation. (§6503)
|
Reauthorizes the commissions through FY2023 at the current appropriation. Amends the purpose of commission grants to include growing the capacity for successful community economic development in its region and attracting businesses to the region from outside the United States. Amends the regions included in the Northern Border Regional Commission to include additional counties in New Hampshire and Vermont.
Directs the Northern Border Regional Commission to establish a State Capacity Building Grant Program to provide grants to commission states for certain economic development activities. Authorizes appropriations of such sums as the commission determines necessary for the program, but not more than $5 million for each fiscal year. (§6304)
|
Similar to Senate provision except increases the authorization for annual appropriations from $30 million to $33 million for each commission for FY2019-FY2023. Further amends to add a succession plan for commissions in the event both the federal cochairperson and alternate federal cochairperson are unable to perform the functions and duties of the office.
Amends the State Capacity Building Grant Program to prohibit use of grant funds for supplanting existing state programs. Further amends to require that a commission state or grant recipient must pay the amount of administrative expenses of the commission state for an applicable fiscal year in order to be eligible for a grant. (§6304)
|
Definition of rural area for purposes of the Housing Act of 1949. Rural area is defined as any area so defined between 1990 and 2010 to remain so classified until receipt of the 2020 decennial census. The provision also caps the eligible rural population threshold at 35,000 residents or less for rural areas in excess of 10,000 and with rural areas in excess of 10,000 and with
moderate-income families. (§6504)
a serious lack of mortgage credit for lower and moderate-income families. (42 U.S.C. 1490)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Council on Rural Community
Similar to Senate provision with
Innovation and Economic
amendments. Amends the provision to
Development. Establishes a Council
specify that the council shall be the
on Rural Community Innovation and
successor to the Interagency Task
Economic Development made up of the
Force on Agriculture and Rural
heads of certain executive branch
Prosperity. Adds a Rural Smart
departments and agencies. Designates
Communities Working Group and a
the Secretary of Agriculture as chair of
Jobs Accelerator Working Group within
the council. Directs the council to
the Council.
coordinate development of policy
CRS-223
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
recommendations to promote
Provision establishing a Rural Broadband
economic prosperity and innovation in
Integration Working Group is moved to
rural communities. The Secretary shall
Section 6214 above. (§6306)
lower and moderate-income families. (42 U.S.C. 1490)
|
Amends the definition by defining rural area as any area so defined between 1990 and 2020 to remain so classified until receipt of the 2030 decennial census. The provision keeps the 35,000 population threshold for areas rural in character and with a serious lack of mortgage credit for lower and moderate-income families. (§6504)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§6305)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Council on Rural Community Innovation and Economic Development. Establishes a Council on Rural Community Innovation and Economic Development made up of the heads of certain executive branch departments and agencies. Designates the Secretary of Agriculture as chair of the council. Directs the council to coordinate development of policy recommendations to promote economic prosperity and innovation in rural communities. The Secretary shall provide funding and administrative support within existing appropriations. Directs the council to submit to Congress reports on the integration of smart technology into rural communities and the public benefit to rural communities of the creation of rural smart community demonstration projects. Also directs the council to produce a Rural Smart Community Resource Guide. Establishes a Rural Broadband Integration Working Group within the council to identify and address regulatory barriers and promote further investment in and adoption of broadband technology. Directs the working group to produce a comprehensive survey of federal programs and policies related to broadband deployment and an initial list of actions that each of the agencies could take to address regulatory barriers and support broadband deployment. (§6305)
Native American Housing
No comparable provision
Establishment of technical
Similar to Senate provision except
Assistance and Self-Determination
services. Authorizes the Secretary of
directs the Secretary to coordinate with
Act of 1996. Authorizes the Secretary
Agriculture to establish a technical
the Office of Tribal Relations to provide
of Housing and Urban Development to
assistance program to improve access
technical assistance. (§6302)
make grants on behalf on Indian tribes
by tribal entities to rural development
to carry out affordable housing
programs funded by USDA through
activities. (25 U.S.C. 4103)
available cooperative agreement authorities of the Secretary. The technical assistance program established under subsection (b) shall address the
CRS-224
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
deployment. (§6305)
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Amends the provision to specify that the council shall be the successor to the Interagency Task Force on Agriculture and Rural Prosperity. Adds a Rural Smart Communities Working Group and a Jobs Accelerator Working Group within the Council.
Provision establishing a Rural Broadband Integration Working Group is moved to Section 6214 above. (§6306)
|
Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996. Authorizes the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to make grants on behalf on Indian tribes to carry out affordable housing activities. (25 U.S.C. 4103)
|
No comparable provision
|
Establishment of technical services. Authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to establish a technical assistance program to improve access by tribal entities to rural development programs funded by USDA through available cooperative agreement authorities of the Secretary. The technical assistance program established under subsection (b) shall address the unique challenge of tribal governments, tribal producers, tribal businesses, tribal business entities, and tribally designated housing entities in accessing Department of Agriculture supported rural infrastructure, rural cooperative development, rural business and industry, rural housing, and other rural development activities. (§12514)
Rural Energy Savings Program.
Amends Section 6407 of the Farm
Amends Section 6407 of the Farm
Similar to Senate provision except
Authorizes the Secretary to provide
Security and Rural Investment Act to
Security and Rural Investment Act to
increases the maximum interest rate for
loans to rural consumers to implement
direct the Secretary to streamline
allow financing of off-grid and renewable loans from 3% to 5%. (§6303)
energy efficiency measures. (7 U.S.C.
borrower accounting requirements and
energy and energy storage systems.
8107a)
to submit an annual report to Congress
Directs the Secretary to streamline
on the program. Increases the maximum borrower accounting requirements and interest rate for loans under this section to publish an annual report on the from 3% to 5%. Directs the Secretary
program. Increases the maximum
not to include any debt incurred under
interest rate for loans under this section
this section in the calculation of a
from 3% to 6%. Directs the Secretary
borrower’s eligibility for other loans
not to include any debt incurred under
made under the Rural Electrification
this section in the calculation of a
Act. Reauthorizes annual appropriations
borrower’s eligibility for other loans
of $75 mil ion for FY2019-FY2023.
made under the Rural Electrification
(§6401)
development activities. (§12514)
|
Similar to Senate provision except directs the Secretary to coordinate with the Office of Tribal Relations to provide technical assistance. (§6302)
|
Rural Energy Savings Program. Authorizes the Secretary to provide loans to rural consumers to implement energy efficiency measures. (7 U.S.C. 8107a)
|
Amends Section 6407 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act to direct the Secretary to streamline borrower accounting requirements and to submit an annual report to Congress on the program. Increases the maximum interest rate for loans under this section from 3% to 5%. Directs the Secretary not to include any debt incurred under this section in the calculation of a borrower's eligibility for other loans made under the Rural Electrification Act. Reauthorizes annual appropriations of $75 million for FY2019-FY2023. (§6401)
|
Amends Section 6407 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act to allow financing of off-grid and renewable energy and energy storage systems. Directs the Secretary to streamline borrower accounting requirements and to publish an annual report on the program. Increases the maximum interest rate for loans under this section from 3% to 6%. Directs the Secretary not to include any debt incurred under this section in the calculation of a borrower's eligibility for other loans made under the Rural Electrification Act. Reauthorizes annual appropriations of $75 millionmil ion for FY2019-FY2023. (§6302)
ConAct. Outlines powers of the
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Amends Section 331 of the ConAct to
Secretary and authority to make loans
grant the Secretary and the Secretary’s
and grants, and to enter into
designees the same access to
partnerships and cooperative
information, and subjects them to the
agreements, among other powers. (7
same requirements, as the Secretary of
U.S.C. 1981 et seq.)
for FY2019-FY2023. (§6302)
|
Similar to Senate provision except increases the maximum interest rate for loans from 3% to 5%. (§6303)
|
ConAct. Outlines powers of the Secretary and authority to make loans and grants, and to enter into partnerships and cooperative agreements, among other powers. (7 U.S.C. 1981 et seq.)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends Section 331 of the ConAct to grant the Secretary and the Secretary's designees the same access to information, and subjects them to the same requirements, as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to verify income of individuals participating in certain rural housing programs. (§6417)
CRS-225
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
ConAct. Outlines powers of the
No comparable provision.
Rural Innovation Stronger
Similar to the Senate provision but
Secretary and authority to make loans
Economy Grant Program. Amends
removes language specifying that an
and grants, and to enter into
Subtitle D of the ConAct to establish a
eligible entity may include an economic
partnerships and cooperative
new grant program for a “in certain rural housing programs. (§6417)
|
ConAct. Outlines powers of the Secretary and authority to make loans and grants, and to enter into partnerships and cooperative agreements, among other powers. (7 U.S.C. 1981 et seq.)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Rural Innovation Stronger Economy Grant Program. Amends Subtitle D of the ConAct to establish a new grant program for a "rural jobs rural jobs
development or labor organization,
agreements, among other powers. (7
accelerator partnership," an entity that organizes key community and regional stakeholders that focuses on shared goals and needs of industry clusters that are existing, emerging, or declining. The partnership will represent a region and includes one or more representatives of ” an entity that
financial institution, cooperative, or
U.S.C. 1981 et seq.)
organizes key community and regional
philanthropic organization. Also
stakeholders that focuses on shared
removes the requirement that the
goals and needs of industry clusters that
Secretary establish an interagency task
are existing, emerging, or declining. The
force. Authorizes annual appropriations
partnership wil represent a region and
of $10 mil ion for FY2019-FY2023.
includes one or more representatives of (§6424) a higher education institution, a private entity, a government entity, and may include an economic development or labor organization, financial institution, cooperative, or philanthropic organization.
The competitive grant program will wil award grants to entities to establish job accelerators to improve the ability of distressed rural communities to create high-wage jobs, accelerate the formation of new businesses, help rural communities identify and maximize local assets, and connect to regional opportunities, networks, and industry clusters. The Secretary will wil provide grants for job accelerators in not fewer than 25 states at a time. The federal share of the cost of any activity carried out under the grant shall be no greater than 80%. Criteria for selecting eligible entities to receive grants are specified. Grants may be used to construct or equip a building to serve as an innovation center, construct housing for business workers or owners, co-
CRS-226
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
working spaces, job training centers, linking small businesses into a supply chain, and for other job development and business innovation purposes. Grants shall be no less than $500,000 nor more than $2 millionmil ion. Indirect costs are limited to no more than 10%. The term of a grant shall be 4 years, with the possibility of a 2-year renewal. Activity reports are required.
The Secretary is required to establish an interagency task force to support the network of job accelerators by establishing a federal support team to provide dedicated support services to job accelerators. The task force is to be co-chaired by the Secretary of Commerce and include the Secretaries of Energy, Health and Human Services, Labor, Transportation, the Treasury, the Administrators of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Small Business Administration, co-chair of the Appalachian Regional Commission, Delta Regional Authority, and the federal co-chair of the Northern Borders Regional Commission, and representatives of local and regional organizations. (§12619)
Program Repeals
Elimination of unfunded programs.
Repeals unfunded programs. (§6601)
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision except does
The fol owing programs of the ConAct,
not repeal the National Center for
as amended, no longer receive funding:
Rural Telecommunications Assessment (Section 602 of the Rural Electrification Act).
CRS-227
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
• Multijurisdictional regional planning
See Section 6202 for modifications to
organizations (Section 306(a)(23) of
Section 602 of the Rural Electrification
ConAct);
Act. (§6601)
• local and regional organizations. (§12619)
|
Similar to the Senate provision but removes language specifying that an eligible entity may include an economic development or labor organization, financial institution, cooperative, or philanthropic organization. Also removes the requirement that the Secretary establish an interagency task force. Authorizes annual appropriations of $10 million for FY2019-FY2023. (§6424)
|
Program Repeals
|
Elimination of unfunded programs. The following programs of the ConAct, as amended, no longer receive funding: - Multijurisdictional regional planning organizations (Section 306(a)(23) of ConAct);
Grants to broadcasting systems Grants to broadcasting systems
(Section 310B(f) of ConAct);
-
• Rural telework organizations
(Section 379 of ConAct);
-
• Historical barn preservation
(Section 379A of ConAct);
-
• Grants to train farm workers in new
technologies and to train farm workers in specialized
skills skil s necessary for higher value crops (Section 379C of ConAct);
-
• Grants to Delta Region Agricultural
Economic Development Program (Section 379D of ConAct);
-
• Grants for expansion of
employment opportunities for individuals with disabilities in rural areas (Section 379F of ConAct);
Regional rural collaborative
• Regional rural col aborative
investment program (Subtitle I of ConAct).
The fol owingConAct).
The following programs of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 no longer receive funding:
- • Certain electric and telephone loans
(Section 314 of the Rural Electrification Act)
-
• The National Center for Rural
Telecommunications Assessment (Section 602 of the Rural Electrification Act)
CRS-228
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
(7 U.S.C. 1926 et seq.)
Rural Telephone Bank. Establishes a
Repeals the Rural Telephone Bank.
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision with minor
corporate body called the Rural
(§6602)
amendments. (§6602)
Electrification Act)
- (7 U.S.C. 1926 et seq.)
|
Repeals unfunded programs. (§6601)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision except does not repeal the National Center for Rural Telecommunications Assessment (Section 602 of the Rural Electrification Act).
See Section 6202 for modifications to Section 602 of the Rural Electrification Act. (§6601)
|
Rural Telephone Bank. Establishes a corporate body called the Rural Telephone Bank whose general purpose Telephone Bank whose general purpose
is securing funds and making loans to support a telephone bank in rural areas. (7 U.S.C. 941-950b)
Launching Our Communities’
Amends the act by striking Sections
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§6603)
Access to Local Television Act of
1001-1007 and 1009-1012 and inserting
2000. Facilitates access to signals of
Title X—Satel ite Carrier
local television stations for households
Retransmission Eligibility. (§6603)
(7 U.S.C. 941-950b)
|
Repeals the Rural Telephone Bank. (§6602)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision with minor amendments. (§6602)
|
Launching Our Communities' Access to Local Television Act of 2000. Facilitates access to signals of local television stations for households located in unserved areas and underserved areas by providing loans and loan guarantees. Authorizes such sums as necessary. (P.L. 106-553)
Technical Corrections
No comparable provision.
Provides technical corrections related
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§6701)
sums as necessary. (P.L. 106-553)
|
Amends the act by striking Sections 1001-1007 and 1009-1012 and inserting Title X—Satellite Carrier Retransmission Eligibility. (§6603)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§6603)
|
Technical Corrections
|
No comparable provision.
|
Provides technical corrections related to various provisions of the ConAct, as amended. (§6701)
|
No comparable provision. (7 U.S.C.
Provides technical corrections related
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision with minor
901 et seq.)
to various provisions of the Rural
amendments. (§6702)
Electrification Act, as amended. (§6702)
No comparable provision
Precision agriculture connectivity.
Identical to House provision at
See Section 12516 in Table 12.
States findings by Congress regarding
(§12516)
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§6701)
|
No comparable provision. (7 U.S.C. 901 et seq.)
|
Provides technical corrections related to various provisions of the Rural Electrification Act, as amended. (§6702)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision with minor amendments. (§6702)
|
No comparable provision
|
Precision agriculture connectivity. States findings by Congress regarding precision agriculture (§6801) and authorizes the establishment of a task force by the Federal Communications Commission for reviewing the connectivity and technology needs of precision agriculture. The task force will collaboratewil col aborate with the Department of Agriculture and public and private stakeholders in the agriculture and technology fields to identify gaps in the
CRS-229
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
availability broadband across agricultural land and to develop policy recommendations. (§6802)
Table 11. Research, Extension, and Related Matters
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
technology fields to identify gaps in the availability broadband across agricultural land and to develop policy recommendations. (§6802)
|
Identical to House provision at (§12516)
|
See Section 12516 in Table 12.
|
Table 11. Research, Extension, and Related Matters
Prior Law/Policy
|
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
(H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
P.L. 115-334)
|
Subtitle A—National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977(NARETP)
|
Agricultural research, extension, and education. Provides support to enhance the competitiveness of the agricultural research, extension, and education capabilities of the United States. (7 U.S.C. 3101)
|
Amends to add the objective of supporting international scientific collaboration that leverages resources and advances the food and agricultural interests of the United States. (§7101)
|
Amends to add the objective of supporting international scientific collaboration that leverages resources and advances the food and agricultural interests of the United States, such as
Agricultural research, extension,
Amends to add the objective of
Amends to add the objective of
Identical to the Senate provision.
and education. Provides support to
supporting international scientific
supporting international scientific
(§7101)
enhance the competitiveness of the
col aboration that leverages resources
col aboration that leverages resources
agricultural research, extension, and
and advances the food and agricultural
and advances the food and agricultural
education capabilities of the United
interests of the United States. (§7101)
interests of the United States, such as
States. (7 U.S.C. 3101)
addressing emerging plant and animal diseases, improving crop varieties and animal breeds, and developing safe and nutritious food systems. (§7101)
Non-land-grant colleges of
Establishes a process of review within
Amends to require NLGCAs to offer at
Adopts the Senate provision with an
agriculture (7 U.S.C. 3103(14)(A))
90 days of enactment of each Non-Land
least 2 baccalaureate or higher degrees
amendment that specifies in the
Grant Col ege of Agriculture (NLGCA)
in food and agricultural sciences, rather
definition of NLGCA that the study of
to ensure compliance in the col eges
than a single degree. Requires the
agricultural or forestry sciences, or
with appropriate study of food and
Secretary to establish a process in
both, is defined as any of the 32
agricultural sciences and to propose
which, not less than every 2 years, the
specified areas of study or any other
revocation of the designated NLGCA
Secretary conducts a review to ensure
area determined to be appropriate by
for noncompliance. Permits NLGCAs
each NLGCA is in compliance with the
the Secretary. (§7102)
and Hispanic-serving agricultural
new baccalaureate requirement, and
col eges until FY2023 to no longer be
removes an NLGCA that is not in
designated as such institutions. (§7102)
compliance. (§7102)
National advisory board. Establishes
Amends the membership composition
Amends to reauthorize the board’s
Adopts the House provision with an
the National Agricultural Research,
of the advisory board. Directs the
existence through FY2023. (§7103)
amendment to the membership
Extension, Education, and Economics
advisory board to make
composition of the advisory board to
Advisory Board. (7 U.S.C. 3123)
recommendations and to address long-
include a national association of
and short-term national priorities
agricultural economists. (§7103)
consistent with various priorities of the
CRS-230
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Agriculture and Food Research Initiative and the NARETP Act. (§7103)
Citrus disease subcommittee of
Extends the citrus disease
Extends the citrus disease
Identical to the House provision.
Specialty Crop Committee.
subcommittee through FY2023 and
subcommittee through FY2023.
(§7104)
Establishes a citrus disease
changes the composition of the
(§7104)
subcommittee within the specialty crops subcommittee. (§7104) nutritious food systems. (§7101)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§7101)
|
Non-land-grant colleges of agriculture (7 U.S.C. 3103(14)(A))
|
Establishes a process of review within 90 days of enactment of each Non-Land Grant College of Agriculture (NLGCA) to ensure compliance in the colleges with appropriate study of food and agricultural sciences and to propose revocation of the designated NLGCA for noncompliance. Permits NLGCAs and Hispanic-serving agricultural colleges until FY2023 to no longer be designated as such institutions. (§7102)
|
Amends to require NLGCAs to offer at least 2 baccalaureate or higher degrees in food and agricultural sciences, rather than a single degree. Requires the Secretary to establish a process in which, not less than every 2 years, the Secretary conducts a review to ensure each NLGCA is in compliance with the new baccalaureate requirement, and removes an NLGCA that is not in compliance. (§7102)
|
Adopts the Senate provision with an amendment that specifies in the definition of NLGCA that the study of agricultural or forestry sciences, or both, is defined as any of the 32 specified areas of study or any other area determined to be appropriate by the Secretary. (§7102)
|
National advisory board. Establishes the National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board. (7 U.S.C. 3123)
|
Amends the membership composition of the advisory board. Directs the advisory board to make recommendations and to address long- and short-term national priorities consistent with various priorities of the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative and the NARETP Act. (§7103)
|
Amends to reauthorize the board's existence through FY2023. (§7103)
|
Adopts the House provision with an amendment to the membership composition of the advisory board to include a national association of agricultural economists. (§7103)
|
Citrus disease subcommittee of Specialty Crop Committee. Establishes a citrus disease subcommittee within the specialty crops committee to advise USDA on citrus research and establish priorities for grants and regularly consult and collaboratecol aborate with USDA and other groups and institutions. (7 U.S.C. 3123a(a)(2))
Renewable energy committee.
Discontinues the renewable energy
No comparable provision.
Identical to the House provision.
Establishes a renewable energy
committee. (§7105)
(§7105)
3123a(a)(2))
|
Extends the citrus disease subcommittee through FY2023 and changes the composition of the subcommittee. (§7104)
|
Extends the citrus disease subcommittee through FY2023. (§7104)
|
Identical to the House provision. (§7104)
|
Renewable energy committee. Establishes a renewable energy committee, directs the Advisory Board to appoint committee members, and establishes the committee'’s duties. (7 U.S.C. 3121(b))
Veterinary Services Grant
No comparable provision.
Amends to further designate “qualified
Adopts the Senate provision with
Program. Authorizes competitive
entities” as those exposing students in
amendments to remove the
grants to address the shortage of
the 11th and 12th grades to veterinary
authorization sunset, require the
veterinarians. Defines “qualified entities”
sciences. Authorizes appropriations of
Secretary to prioritize grant awards for
eligible for the grants as a for-profit or
$10 mil ion through FY2023, and
programs or activities focused on the
nonprofit that operates a veterinary
reserves at least two-thirds of the
practice of food animal medicine, and
clinic providing veterinary services. (7
appropriations to qualified entities with
specify that a qualified entity may use
U.S.C. 3151b)
a focus on food animals. (§7105)
U.S.C. 3121(b))
|
Discontinues the renewable energy committee. (§7105)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to the House provision. (§7105)
|
Veterinary Services Grant Program. Authorizes competitive grants to address the shortage of veterinarians. Defines "qualified entities" eligible for the grants as a for-profit or nonprofit that operates a veterinary clinic providing veterinary services. (7 U.S.C. 3151b)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends to further designate "qualified entities" as those exposing students in the 11th and 12th grades to veterinary sciences. Authorizes appropriations of $10 million through FY2023, and reserves at least two-thirds of the appropriations to qualified entities with a focus on food animals. (§7105)
|
Adopts the Senate provision with amendments to remove the authorization sunset, require the Secretary to prioritize grant awards for programs or activities focused on the practice of food animal medicine, and specify that a qualified entity may use grant funds to expose students in grades 11 and 12 to education and career opportunities in food animal medicine. (§7106)
|
Duties of the Secretary of
Directs the Secretary to transmit to
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Agriculture. Sets out the duties of the
Congress annually a report on the
Secretary of Agriculture as concerns
allocations made to, and matching funds
extension and agricultural research at
received by, 1890 land-grant institutions.
1890 land-grant col eges, including
(§7106)
CRS-231
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Duties of the Secretary of Agriculture. Sets out the duties of the Secretary of Agriculture as concerns extension and agricultural research at 1890 land-grant colleges, including Tuskegee University. (7 U.S.C. 3221, 3222)
Grants and fellowships for food
Reauthorizes appropriations for grants
Identical to House provision. (§7106)
Identical to the House provision.
and agriculture sciences education. and fellowships for FY2019-FY2023.
(§7107)
Authorizes the Secretary to make
(§7107)
3222)
|
Directs the Secretary to transmit to Congress annually a report on the allocations made to, and matching funds received by, 1890 land-grant institutions. (§7106)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Grants and fellowships for food and agriculture sciences education. Authorizes the Secretary to make grants and conduct fellowships to strengthen higher education in food and agricultural sciences. (7 U.S.C. 3152(m)(2))
Agriculture and food policy
Reauthorizes appropriations for
3152(m)(2))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for grants and fellowships for FY2019-FY2023. (§7107)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7106)
|
7108)
Identical to the House provision.
research centers. Authorizes
FY2019-FY2023. (§7108)
(§7108)
(§7107)
|
Agriculture and food policy research centers. Authorizes competitive grants to, or to enter into cooperative agreements with, policy research centers to conduct research and education programs that are objective, operationally independent, and external to the federal government and that concern the effect of public policies and trade agreements on agriculture. (7 (U.S.C. 3155(e))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7108)
|
Education grants to Alaska Native–
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to House provision. (§7108)
|
7109)
Identical to the House provision. (§7108)
|
Education grants to Alaska Native–serving institutions and Native
serving institutions and Native
FY2019-FY2023. (§7109)
(§7109)
Hawaiian–serving institutions. Authorizes competitive grants to Alaska Native–serving institutions for the purpose of promoting and strengthening the ability of Alaska Native–serving institutions to carry out education, applied research, and related community development programs. (7 U.S.C. 3156)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision,
Next Generation Agricultural
Identical to the Senate provision.
Technology Challenge. Directs the
(§7110)
U.S.C. 3156)
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7109)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7109)
|
Identical to the House provision. (§7109)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision,
|
Next Generation Agricultural Technology Challenge. Directs the Secretary to establish a next generation technology challenge for the development of mobile technology that
CRS-232
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
removes barriers to marketplace entry for beginning farmers and ranchers. Limits awards to no more than $1 millionmil ion in the aggregate to one or more winners of the competition. (§7110)
Nutrition Education Program.
Repeals the Nutrition Education
Reauthorizes the Nutrition Education
Adopts the Senate provision with an
Authorizes establishment of a National
Program. (§7110)
Program for FY2019-FY2023. (§7111)
amendment to allow the expanded food
Education Program to disseminate
and nutrition education program to
results of food and human nutrition
coordinate with the nutrition education
research funded by USDA. (7 U.S.C.
winners of the competition. (§7110)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§7110)
|
Nutrition Education Program. Authorizes establishment of a National Education Program to disseminate results of food and human nutrition research funded by USDA. (7 U.S.C. 3175)
|
Repeals the Nutrition Education Program. (§7110)
|
Reauthorizes the Nutrition Education Program for FY2019-FY2023. (§7111)
|
Adopts the Senate provision with an amendment to allow the expanded food and nutrition education program to coordinate with the nutrition education and obesity prevention grant program and obesity prevention grant program
3175)
under Section 28 of the Food and Nutrition Act or another health promotion or nutrition improvement strategy. (§7112)
Continuing animal health and
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to House provision. (§7113)
Adopts the House provision. (§7113)
disease research programs. Directs
FY2019-FY2023. (§7111)
deans of accredited col egesstrategy. (§7112)
|
Continuing animal health and disease research programs. Directs deans of accredited colleges and the state agricultural experiment station to develop a comprehensive animal health and disease research program for the state based on the animal health research capacity of each eligible institution in the state, which shall be submitted to the Secretary for approval and shall be used for the allocation of funds available to the state under this section. (7 U.S.C. 3195(c)(1))
Extension at 1890 land-grant
Amends by striking paragraph 4 that
Similar to House provision but also
Adopts the Senate provision and strikes
colleges, including Tuskegee
prohibits 1890 col eges from carrying
requires annual report on matching
the report requirement and moves it to
University. Limits carryover of federal
forward to the succeeding fiscal year
funds to the 1890 land-grant col eges.
Section 7116. (§7114)
funding to no more than 20% of the
more than 20% of the funds they
(§7114)
funds received for conducting extension
receive in a given fiscal year. (§7112)
activities. (7 U.S.C. 3221(a))
CRS-233
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Extension and agricultural
No comparable provision
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision but amends
research at 1890 land-grant
section. (7 U.S.C. 3195(c)(1))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7111)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7113)
|
Adopts the House provision. (§7113)
|
Extension at 1890 land-grant colleges, including Tuskegee University. Limits carryover of federal funding to no more than 20% of the funds received for conducting extension activities. (7 U.S.C. 3221(a))
|
Amends by striking paragraph 4 that prohibits 1890 colleges from carrying forward to the succeeding fiscal year more than 20% of the funds they receive in a given fiscal year. (§7112)
|
Similar to House provision but also requires annual report on matching funds to the 1890 land-grant colleges. (§7114)
|
Adopts the Senate provision and strikes the report requirement and moves it to Section 7116. (§7114)
|
Extension and agricultural research at 1890 land-grant colleges, including Tuskegee University. Authorizes annual appropriations to 1890 land-grant colleges for extension activities. (7 U.S.C. 3221)
|
No comparable provision
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision but amends to make changes in the distribution of to make changes in the distribution of
colleges, including Tuskegee
funds to 1890 institutions. (§7115)
University. Authorizes annual appropriations to 1890 land-grant col eges for extension activities. (7 U.S.C. 3221)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Report on agricultural research at
Adopts the Senate provision with
1890 land-grant colleges, including
amendments to include allocations and
Tuskegee University. Requires an
matching funds received by institutions
annual report to Congress from the
under Smith-Lever and Hatch Act
Secretary describing research
funding. (§7116)
funds to 1890 institutions. (§7115)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Report on agricultural research at 1890 land-grant colleges, including Tuskegee University. Requires an annual report to Congress from the Secretary describing research allocations made to, and matching funds received by, 1890 land-grant colleges. (§7115)
|
Adopts the Senate provision with amendments to include allocations and matching funds received by institutions under Smith-Lever and Hatch Act funding. (§7116)
|
Extension and agricultural research at 1890 land-grant colleges, including Tuskegee University. Authorizes annual appropriations to 1890 land-grant colleges for extension activities. (7 U.S.C. 3221)
|
Amends by establishing a scholarship grant program at 1890 institutions for accepted students who intend to pursue a career in agribusiness, energy and renewable fuels, or financial management. Authorizes $19 million for each year FY2019-FY2023. (§7113)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adopts the House provision with amendments to limit amount of award grants to $10 million for each academic year beginning in 2020 and for each of the three succeeding academic years. Provides mandatory spending of $40 million in FY2019 and $10 million in col eges. (§7115)
Extension and agricultural
Amends by establishing a scholarship
No comparable provision.
Adopts the House provision with
research at 1890 land-grant
grant program at 1890 institutions for
amendments to limit amount of award
colleges, including Tuskegee
accepted students who intend to pursue
grants to $10 mil ion for each academic
University. Authorizes annual
a career in agribusiness, energy and
year beginning in 2020 and for each of
appropriations to 1890 land-grant
renewable fuels, or financial
the three succeeding academic years.
col eges for extension activities. (7
management. Authorizes $19 mil ion for
Provides mandatory spending of $40
U.S.C. 3221)
each year FY2019-FY2023. (§7113)
mil ion in FY2019 and $10 mil ion in discretionary spending each year for FY2020-FY2023. (§7117)
|
Grants to upgrade agricultural and food sciences facilities at 1890
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to House provision. (§7116)
Identical to the House provision.
food sciences facilities at 1890
FY2019-FY2023. (§7114)
(§7118)
land-grant colleges, including Tuskegee University. (7 U.S.C. 3222b(b))
Grants to upgrade agricultural and
Reauthorizes appropriations for
3222b(b))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7114)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7116)
|
7117)
Identical to the House provision.
food sciences facilities and
FY2019-FY2023. (§7115)
(§7119)
(§7118)
|
Grants to upgrade agricultural and food sciences facilities and equipment at insular area land-grant institutions. Authorizes appropriations of $25 millionmil ion for each of FY2002-FY2018 for the acquisition
CRS-234
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
and improvement of agricultural and food sciences facilities and equipment, including libraries, so that the eligible institutions may participate fullyful y in the production of human capital. (7 U.S.C. 3222b-2(d))
No comparable provision.
New Beginnings for Tribal
Amends Subtitle G of NARETP Act to
Adopts the Senate provision with an
Students. Requires the Secretary to
authorize a competitive grant program
amendment to specify that the term
establish a “New Beginnings Initiative” in for tribal students at land-grant col eges. land-grant college includes 1994 col eges consultation with the Office of Tribal
Land-grant col eges may apply for grants
and makes other technical changes.
Relations. (§11204)
to support tribal students through
(§7120)
3222b-2(d))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7115)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7117)
|
Identical to the House provision. (§7119)
|
No comparable provision.
|
New Beginnings for Tribal Students. Requires the Secretary to establish a "New Beginnings Initiative" in consultation with the Office of Tribal Relations. (§11204)
|
Amends Subtitle G of NARETP Act to authorize a competitive grant program for tribal students at land-grant colleges. Land-grant colleges may apply for grants to support tribal students through recruiting, tuition and fees, tutoring, counseling, and other services. Land-grants receiving such funds would be required to match the funding at 100%. States are limited to a maximum of $500,000 per year. Provision authorizes appropriations of $5 millionmil ion each year for FY2019-FY2023. (§7118)
Education grants program at
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to House provision. (§7119)
Identical to the House provision.
Hispanic-serving institutions.
FY2019-FY2023. (§7116)
(§7121)
for FY2019-FY2023. (§7118)
|
Adopts the Senate provision with an amendment to specify that the term land-grant college includes 1994 colleges and makes other technical changes. (§7120)
|
Education grants program at Hispanic-serving institutions. Authorizes competitive grants to promote and strengthen Hispanic-serving institutions to carry out education, applied research, and related community development programs. (7 U.S.C. 3241(c))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Binational Agricultural Research
Adopts the Senate provision but strikes
and Development (BARD). Amends
language requiring that the activities
7 U.S.C. 3291(e) to name binational
identified are to be carried out in a
funding between the United States and
manner consistent with the section.
Israel the BARD Fund. Supports
(§7122)
U.S.C. 3241(c))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7116)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7119)
|
Identical to the House provision. (§7121)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Binational Agricultural Research and Development (BARD). Amends 7 U.S.C. 3291(e) to name binational funding between the United States and Israel the BARD Fund. Supports agricultural research and development of mutual benefit to the United States and Israel. Supports accelerated development of drip irrigation,
CRS-235
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
pesticides, aquaculture, disease control, and farm equipment. Encourages collaborativecol aborative research with colleges, col eges, universities, and the private sector. (§7120)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Partnerships to build capacity in
Adopts the Senate provision with an
international agricultural research,
amendment defining developing county
extension, and teaching. Promotes
and international partner institutions.
building capacity and improving
(§7123)
universities, and the private sector. (§7120)
|
Adopts the Senate provision but strikes language requiring that the activities identified are to be carried out in a manner consistent with the section. (§7122)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Partnerships to build capacity in international agricultural research, extension, and teaching. Promotes building capacity and improving performance among 1862, 1890, 1994, NLGCA, and Hispanic-serving colleges col eges and similar institutions in developing countries to strengthen agricultural research, teaching, and extension institutions. Establishes a program under the National Institute of Food and Agriculture to place interns from U.S. institutions to serve lower and middle income countries, and provide fellowships for study at foreign agricultural collegescol eges and universities. Authorizes $10 millionmil ion each year for FY2019-FY2023. (§7121)
No comparable provision.
Land-grant designation. Prohibits
No comparable provision.
Identical to the House provision.
any additional entity from being
(§7111)
FY2019-FY2023. (§7121)
|
Adopts the Senate provision with an amendment defining developing county and international partner institutions. (§7123)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Land-grant designation. Prohibits any additional entity from being designated as eligible to receive funds for agricultural research, extension, and related programs under formula funds (e.g., Hatch Act, Smith-Lever Act, and McIntire-Stennis Act). (§7117)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to the
Competitive grants for
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to House provision. (§7111)
|
Competitive grants for international agricultural science 7122)
Identical to the House and Senate
international agricultural science
FY2019-FY2023. (§7118)
provisions. (§7124)
and education programs. Authorizes grants to collegescol eges and universities that will wil enhance international content of curricula, promote extension of U.S. scientists'
CRS-236
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
scientists’ research to international peers, and enhance collaborative col aborative research with other countries. (7 U.S.C. 3292b(c)(2))
Limitation on indirect costs for
Amends the provision to allow indirect
No comparable provision.
Identical to the House provision.
agricultural research, education,
cost recovery charged against any
(§7125)
and extension programs. Sets limits
agricultural research, education, or
on indirect cost recovery on grants
extension grant awarded to increase
awarded to support research,
from 22% of total federal funds received
education, and extension activities to
to 30% of federal funding. (§7119)
22% of total federal funding. (7 U.S.C. 3310)
No comparable provision.
Research equipment grants. Adds
Identical to House provision.
Identical to the House provision.
U.S.C. 3292b(c)(2))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7118)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7122)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7124)
|
Limitation on indirect costs for agricultural research, education, and extension programs. Sets limits on indirect cost recovery on grants awarded to support research, education, and extension activities to 22% of total federal funding. (7 U.S.C. 3310)
|
Amends the provision to allow indirect cost recovery charged against any agricultural research, education, or extension grant awarded to increase from 22% of total federal funds received to 30% of federal funding. (§7119)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to the House provision. (§7125)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Research equipment grants. Adds new section to Section 1462 of new section to Section 1462 of
(§7126)
NARETP Act establishing a competitive grants program for research equipment. Grant amounts may not exceed $500,000 to an eligible institution. Prohibits charges of indirect costs or acquisition or depreciation of equipment. Authorizes $5 millionmil ion for each of FY2019-FY2023. (§7120)
|
Identical to House provision.
|
Identical to the House provision. (§7126)
|
Authorization of appropriations for research. Authorizes formula funds for agricultural research at land-grant universities. (7 U.S.C. 3311)
|
Reauthorizes Hatch Act funding to state agricultural experiment stations at the current level for FY2019-FY2023. (§7121)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7123)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7127)
|
Authorization of appropriations for extension education. Authorizes formula funds for agricultural extension
Authorization of appropriations
Reauthorizes Hatch Act funding to state
Identical to House provision. (§7123)
Identical to the House and Senate
for research. Authorizes formula
agricultural experiment stations at the
provisions. (§7127)
funds for agricultural research at land-
current level for FY2019-FY2023.
grant universities. (7 U.S.C. 3311)
(§7121)
Authorization of appropriations
Reauthorizes such sums as necessary to
Identical to House provision. (§7124)
Identical to the House and Senate
for extension education. Authorizes
carry out extension programs of USDA
provisions. (§7128)
formula funds for agricultural extension
for FY2019-FY2023. (§7122)
at land-grant universities. (7 U.S.C. 33312)
Supplemental and alternative
Extends program and funding levels
Extends program and funding levels
Adopts the Senate provision but
crops. Requires USDA to develop and
through FY2023. Amends the program
through FY2023. Amends the program
increases authorized annual
implement a program to develop
to include canola and alternative crops
to include canola and alternative crops
appropriations to $2 mil ion for
supplemental and alternative crops.
“for agronomic rotational purposes and
“for agronomic rotational purposes and
FY2019-FY2023. (§7129)
CRS-237
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Authorizes $1 mil ion in appropriations
for use as a habitat for honey bees and
for use as a habitat for honey bees and
for each of FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C.
other pol inators,” among other
other pol inators,” among other
3319d).
changes. (§7123)
33312)
|
Reauthorizes such sums as necessary to carry out extension programs of USDA for FY2019-FY2023. (§7122)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7124)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7128)
|
Supplemental and alternative crops. Requires USDA to develop and implement a program to develop supplemental and alternative crops. Authorizes $1 million in appropriations for each of FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 3319d).
|
Extends program and funding levels through FY2023. Amends the program to include canola and alternative crops "for agronomic rotational purposes and for use as a habitat for honey bees and other pollinators," among other changes. (§7123)
|
Extends program and funding levels through FY2023. Amends the program to include canola and alternative crops "for agronomic rotational purposes and for use as a habitat for honey bees and other pollinators," among other changes. Expands eligibility to include industrial hemp. (§7125)
New Era Rural Technology
No comparable provision.
Amends to add precision agriculture as
Identical to the Senate provision.
Program Authorizes the ”New Era
an eligible activity for grant support
(§7130)
Rural Technology Program”, to make
under the program. Reauthorizes the
grants available for technology
program for FY2019-FY2023. (§7126)
industrial hemp. (§7125)
|
Adopts the Senate provision but increases authorized annual appropriations to $2 million for FY2019-FY2023. (§7129)
|
New Era Rural Technology Program Authorizes the "New Era Rural Technology Program", to make grants available for technology development, applied research, and training to aid in the development of an agriculture-based renewable energy workforce. (7 U.S.C. 3319e.
Capacity-building grants for
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to House provision.
Identical to the House and Senate
NLGCA institutions. Authorizes
FY2019-FY2023. (§7124)
provisions. (§7131)
workforce. (7 U.S.C. 3319e.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends to add precision agriculture as an eligible activity for grant support under the program. Reauthorizes the program for FY2019-FY2023. (§7126)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§7130)
|
Capacity-building grants for NLGCA institutions. Authorizes competitive grants program for NLGCAs. (7 U.S.C. 3319i(b))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Agriculture advanced research and Adopts the Senate provision with an development authority. Amends
amendment to maximize resources
Subtitle K of the NARETP Act to
devoted to local, state, and national
establish the Agriculture Advanced
priorities. (§7132)
NLGCAs. (7 U.S.C. 3319i(b))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7124)
|
Identical to House provision.
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7131)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Agriculture advanced research and development authority. Amends Subtitle K of the NARETP Act to establish the Agriculture Advanced Research and Development Authority (AGARDA) in the Department of Agriculture under the Office of Chief Scientist to assess the efficacy and applicability of authority for advanced research and development. Advanced research and development is defined as activities to overcome long-term and high-risk research challenges in agriculture and food. Defines "“qualified product or projects"” suitable for AGARDA. Directs the Secretary to develop a strategic plan for AGARDA and disseminate the plan to those who can best contribute to the activities described in the strategic plan. Outlines
CRS-238
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
the duties of the Office of Chief Scientist in achieving the objectives of the strategic plan. Permits the Secretary to expedite awarding grants and entering into contracts. Permits the Secretary to appoint highly qualified individuals without regard to certain sections of the U.S. Code governing appointments in the competitive service and without regard to the General Schedule pay rates. Authorizes establishment of the AGARDA Fund in the U.S. Treasury administered by the Chief Scientist for the purpose of advanced research of qualified products and projects, agricultural technology, and research tools as described in the provision. (§7128)
Aquaculture assistance programs.
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to House provision. (§7129)
Identical to the House and Senate
provision. (§7128)
|
Adopts the Senate provision with an amendment to maximize resources devoted to local, state, and national priorities. (§7132)
|
Aquaculture assistance programs. Provides competitive grants to support Provides competitive grants to support
FY2019-FY2023. (§7125)
provisions. (§7133)
aquaculture research and assistance. (7 U.S.C. 3324(a)(2))
Rangeland research programs.
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Repeals the Rangeland research
Identical to the House provision.
Provides competitive grants to support
FY2019-FY2023. (§7126)
program. (§7130)
(§7134)
U.S.C. 3324(a)(2))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7125)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7129)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7133)
|
Rangeland research programs. Provides competitive grants to support rangeland research and assistance. (7 U.S.C. 3336(a)(2))
Special authorization for
Authorizes appropriations of $30
Reauthorizes the program and provides
Identical to the House provision.
biosecurity planning and response.
mil ion for each of FY2019-FY2023.
$20 mil ion annually for FY2019-
(§7135)
Authorizes $20 mil ion annually for
Adds that the Secretary shall, in addition FY2023. (§7131)
research, education, and extension
to other stated activities, use the funds
activities for biosecurity planning and
to coordinate tactical science activities
response. (7 U.S.C. 3351)
of USDA’U.S.C. 3336(a)(2))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7126)
|
Repeals the Rangeland research program. (§7130)
|
Identical to the House provision. (§7134)
|
Special authorization for biosecurity planning and response. Authorizes $20 million annually for research, education, and extension activities for biosecurity planning and response. (7 U.S.C. 3351)
|
Authorizes appropriations of $30 million for each of FY2019-FY2023. Adds that the Secretary shall, in addition to other stated activities, use the funds to coordinate tactical science activities of USDA's mission areas to protect the agricultural system of the United States against biosecurity threats from pests, diseases, contaminants, and disasters. (§7127)
CRS-239
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Distance education and resident
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to the House provision.
Identical to the House and Senate
instruction grants program for
FY2019-FY2023. (§7128)
(§7132)
provisions. (§7136)
diseases, contaminants, and disasters. (§7127)
|
Reauthorizes the program and provides $20 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§7131)
|
Identical to the House provision. (§7135)
|
Distance education and resident instruction grants program for insular area institutions of higher education. Authorizes distance education grants and resident instruction grants for insular area institutions. (7 U.S.C. 3362(f)(2), 3363(c)(2))
Matching funds requirement.
Strikes paragraph 5, which excludes
Amends to add a section stating that
Identical to the Senate provision.
Requires the recipient of a competitive
competitive, special, and facilities
after enactment of this provision no
(§7614)
grant that is awarded by the Secretary
research grants from the matching
additional entities shall be eligible to
under a covered law to provide funds,
requirement. (§7129)
receive funds under a capacity program
in-kind contributions, or a combination
administered by the fol owing “covered
of both from sources other than funds
laws”:
provided through such grant in an
•
Title XVI of the Food, Agriculture,
amount that is at least equal to the
Conservation, and Trade Act of
amount of such grant. (7 U.S.C.
3363(c)(2))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7128)
|
Identical to the House provision. (§7132)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7136)
|
Matching funds requirement. Requires the recipient of a competitive grant that is awarded by the Secretary under a covered law to provide funds, in-kind contributions, or a combination of both from sources other than funds provided through such grant in an amount that is at least equal to the amount of such grant. (7 U.S.C. 3371(d))
|
Strikes paragraph 5, which excludes competitive, special, and facilities research grants from the matching requirement. (§7129)
|
Amends to add a section stating that after enactment of this provision no additional entities shall be eligible to receive funds under a capacity program administered by the following "covered laws": - Title XVI of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5801 et seq.);
- 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5801 et seq.);
3371(d))
•
The Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7601 et seq.);
-
•
Part III of subtitle E of title VII of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008; and
-
•
Section 3157 of this title. (§7133)
Repeals Subtitle P (7 U.S.C. 3371) of the NARETP Act, subject to conforming amendments as listed in the provision. (§7601)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§7614)
|
Subtitle B—Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990
|
Best utilization of biological applications. Authorizes
Subtitle B—Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990
Best utilization of biological
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to House provision. (§7201)
Identical to the House and Senate
applications. Authorizes
FY2019-FY2023. (§7201)
provisions. (§7201)
appropriations under the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education
CRS-240
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Program of $40 mil ionProgram of $40 million annually for FY2013-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 5814)
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7201)
|
Integrated management systems.
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to House provision. (§7201)
|
7202)
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7201)
|
Integrated management systems. Authorizes a research and education
Authorizes a research and education
FY2019-FY2023. (§7202)
provisions. (§7202)
program concerning integrated resource management and integrated crop management to enhance research related to farming operations, practices, and systems that optimize crop and livestock production potential and are environmentally sound. Authorizes $20 millionmil ion annually for FY2013-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 5821(d))
Technical guides and handbooks.
Reauthorizes appropriations for
U.S.C. 5821(d))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7202)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7202)
|
7203)
Identical to the House and Senate
(7 U.S.C. 5831(f)(2))
FY2019-FY2023. (§7203)
provisions. (§7203)
National Training Program.
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to House provision. (§7204)
Identical to the House and Senate
Authorizes a National Training Program
FY2019-FY2023. (§7204)
provisions. (§7204)
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7202)
|
Technical guides and handbooks. (7 U.S.C. 5831(f)(2))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7203)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7203)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7203)
|
National Training Program. Authorizes a National Training Program in Sustainable Agriculture to provide education and training for Cooperative Extension Service agents and other professionals involved in the education and transfer of technical information concerning sustainable agriculture. Authorizes $20 millionmil ion annually for FY2013-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 5832(1))
National Genetics Resources
Reauthorizes the National Genetics
Amends the functions of the Program to Identical to the House and Senate
Program. Establishes a National
Resources Program. (§7205)
authorize the creation of a strategic
provisions. (§7206)
Genetics Resources Program to
germplasm and cultivar col ection
maintain and enhance the col ection,
assessment and utilization plan that
preservation, and dissemination of
considers the resources necessary to
genetic material of importance to
address the backlog of characterization
American food and agriculture
and maintenance of existing accessions.
production. Describes the functions of
Requires the Secretary to make the plan
the Program. (7 U.S.C. 5841(d))
available to the public. (§7205)
CRS-241
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
National Genetics Resources
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Amends the organization of the
Identical to the Senate provision.
Program. Authorizes a National
FY2019-FY2023. (§7205)
Advisory Council by adding 4 members
(§72046
Genetics Resources Program with an
and changing the appointment of
appropriation of $1mil ion annually for
members, and by adding membership
FY2013-FY2018. (7 U.S.C.
from 1862, 1890, and NLGCA
5844(b)(2)).
FY2013-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 5832(1))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7204)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7204)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7204)
|
National Genetics Resources Program. Establishes a National Genetics Resources Program to maintain and enhance the collection, preservation, and dissemination of genetic material of importance to American food and agriculture production. Describes the functions of the Program. (7 U.S.C. 5841(d))
|
Reauthorizes the National Genetics Resources Program. (§7205)
|
Amends the functions of the Program to authorize the creation of a strategic germplasm and cultivar collection assessment and utilization plan that considers the resources necessary to address the backlog of characterization and maintenance of existing accessions. Requires the Secretary to make the plan available to the public. (§7205)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7206)
|
National Genetics Resources Program. Authorizes a National Genetics Resources Program with an appropriation of $1million annually for FY2013-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 5844(b)(2)).
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7205)
|
Amends the organization of the Advisory Council by adding 4 members and changing the appointment of members, and by adding membership from 1862, 1890, and NLGCA institutions. Instructs the Advisory Council to include recommendations on the state of public cultivar development, research gaps relating to cultivar development, and the state of commercialization of federally funded cultivars. Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7206)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§72046
|
National Agricultural Weather Program. Authorizes a National
National Agricultural Weather
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to House provision. (§7207)
Identical to the House and Senate
Program. Authorizes a National
FY2019-FY2023. (§7206)
provisions. (§7207)
Agricultural Weather Program with an authorized appropriation of $1 million mil ion annually for FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 5855(c))
Agricultural genome initiative.
Adds the phrase to Phenome after
Similar to House provision. (§7208)
Adopts the Senate provision with an
Establishes an Agricultural Genome
Genome. Outlines goals of research to
amendment authorizing $40 mil ion for
Program to expand the knowledge of
expand knowledge concerning genomes
each year for FY2019-2023. (§7208)
public and private sector entities and
and phenomes of crops important to
persons concerning genomes for species the United States. Authorizes of importance to the food and
appropriation of $30 mil ion5855(c))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7206)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7207)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7207)
|
Agricultural genome initiative. Establishes an Agricultural Genome Program to expand the knowledge of public and private sector entities and persons concerning genomes for species of importance to the food and agriculture sectors in order to maximize the return on the investment in genomics of agriculturally important species. (7 U.S.C. 5924)
|
Adds the phrase to Phenome after Genome. Outlines goals of research to expand knowledge concerning genomes and phenomes of crops important to the United States. Authorizes appropriation of $30 million each fiscal each fiscal
agriculture sectors in order to maximize year for FY2019-FY2023. (§7207) the return on the investment in genomics of agriculturally important species. (7 U.S.C. 5924)
High-priority research and
Retains, amends, and/or adds research
Retains, amends, and/or adds research
Adopts the House provision with
extension. Provides for “high-priority
areas as a “high-priority.” Added
areas as a “high-priority.” Added
changes to provisions regarding nutrient
research and extension” areas and
initiatives that cover macadamia tree
initiatives that cover macadamia tree
management, dryland farming
initiatives and other programs. (7
health, national turfgrass research,
health, national turfgrass research, pulse
agricultural systems, and hop plants.
U.S.C. 5925)
fertilizer management, cattle fever ticks,
crops, and training coordination.
Reauthorizes research and existing
and laying hen and turkey research.
Reauthorizes research and existing
annual appropriations on pol inator
(§7208)
annual appropriations on pol inator
protection through FY2023 and includes
CRS-242
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
protection through FY2023. Expands
enhanced coordination of honeybee and
support through “enhanced
pol inator research by USDA. Requires
coordination of honeybee and pol inator USDA to make the results of this research” by USDA. Establishes a task
research publicly available “to the
force to implement the 2015 National
maximum extent practicable.” Does not
Pol inator Health Strategy, coordinate
require implementation of the 2015
research, and cover both native and
National Pol inator Health Strategy.
managed pol inators. (§7209)
(§7209)
Organic Agriculture Research and
Reauthorizes program and increases
Reauthorizes program and increases
Adopts the Senate provision with an
Extension Initiative. Establishes the
annual CCC funding levels to $30
annual CCC funding at $40 mil ion for
amendment making technical changes
Organic Agriculture Research and
mil ion for FY2019-FY2023. (§7209)
FY2019-FY2020, $45 mil ion for
and providing mandatory spending of
Extension Initiative. Provides grants to
FY2021, and $50 mil ion for FY2022 and $20 mil ion for FY2019 and FY2020, $25
facilitate the development of organic
each fiscal year thereafter, and extends
mil ion for FY2021, $30 mil ion for
agriculture production and processing.
authorized appropriations through
FY2022, and $50 mil ion for FY2023 and
Provides mandatory Commodity Credit
FY2023. (§7210)
each year thereafter. (§7210)
Corporation (CCC) funds of $20 mil ion annually for FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 5925b)
Farm business management.
Amends to add educational programs as
Authorizes the program through
Identical to the House provision.
Authorizes competitive research and
a priority in making grants, and
FY2023. (§7211)
(§7211)
extension grants for improving the farm
reauthorizes program through FY2023.
management knowledge and skil s of
(§7210)
year for FY2019-FY2023. (§7207)
|
Similar to House provision. (§7208)
|
Adopts the Senate provision with an amendment authorizing $40 million for each year for FY2019-2023. (§7208)
|
High-priority research and extension. Provides for "high-priority research and extension" areas and initiatives and other programs. (7 U.S.C. 5925)
|
Retains, amends, and/or adds research areas as a "high-priority." Added initiatives that cover macadamia tree health, national turfgrass research, fertilizer management, cattle fever ticks, and laying hen and turkey research. (§7208)
|
Retains, amends, and/or adds research areas as a "high-priority." Added initiatives that cover macadamia tree health, national turfgrass research, pulse crops, and training coordination. Reauthorizes research and existing annual appropriations on pollinator protection through FY2023. Expands support through "enhanced coordination of honeybee and pollinator research" by USDA. Establishes a task force to implement the 2015 National Pollinator Health Strategy, coordinate research, and cover both native and managed pollinators. (§7209)
|
Adopts the House provision with changes to provisions regarding nutrient management, dryland farming agricultural systems, and hop plants. Reauthorizes research and existing annual appropriations on pollinator protection through FY2023 and includes enhanced coordination of honeybee and pollinator research by USDA. Requires USDA to make the results of this research publicly available "to the maximum extent practicable." Does not require implementation of the 2015 National Pollinator Health Strategy. (§7209)
|
Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative. Establishes the Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative. Provides grants to facilitate the development of organic agriculture production and processing. Provides mandatory Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) funds of $20 million annually for FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 5925b)
|
Reauthorizes program and increases annual CCC funding levels to $30 million for FY2019-FY2023. (§7209)
|
Reauthorizes program and increases annual CCC funding at $40 million for FY2019-FY2020, $45 million for FY2021, and $50 million for FY2022 and each fiscal year thereafter, and extends authorized appropriations through FY2023. (§7210)
|
Adopts the Senate provision with an amendment making technical changes and providing mandatory spending of $20 million for FY2019 and FY2020, $25 million for FY2021, $30 million for FY2022, and $50 million for FY2023 and each year thereafter. (§7210)
|
Farm business management. Authorizes competitive research and extension grants for improving the farm management knowledge and skills of agricultural producers and for establishing and maintaining a national, publicly available farm financial management database to support improved farm management. (7 U.S.C. 5925f)
|
Amends to add educational programs as a priority in making grants, and reauthorizes program through FY2023. (§7210)
|
Authorizes the program through FY2023. (§7211)
|
Identical to the House provision. (§7211)
|
Farm business management. Authorizes competitive research and extension grants for improving the farm management knowledge and skills of agricultural producers and for establishing and maintaining a national, publicly available farm financial management database to support improved farm management. (7 U.S.C. 5925f)
Farm business management.
No comparable provision.
Amends to authorize a new Urban,
Adopts the Senate provision but
Authorizes competitive research and
Indoor, and Other Emerging
removes the inclusion of assessment of
extension grants for improving the farm
Agricultural Production. Research,
shipping and transportation impacts on
management knowledge and skil s of
Education, and Extension Initiative.
nutritional values for research under the
agricultural producers and for
Authorizes competitive grants, in
competitive research and extension
establishing and maintaining a national,
consultation with the Urban Agriculture
grants. Provides $10 mil ion in CCC
publicly available farm financial
and Innovative Production Advisory
funds for FY2019 to remain available
management database to support
Committee, to support research and
CRS-243
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
improved farm management. (7 U.S.C.
extension activities to enhance urban,
until expended and makes other
5925f)
indoor, and other emerging agricultural
technical changes. (§7212)
5925f)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends to authorize a new Urban, Indoor, and Other Emerging Agricultural Production. Research, Education, and Extension Initiative. Authorizes competitive grants, in consultation with the Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production Advisory Committee, to support research and extension activities to enhance urban, indoor, and other emerging agricultural production, including facilitating urban agricultural production, harvesting, transportation, packaging, and marketing; assessing and developing strategies to remediate contaminated sites; assessing shipping and transportation impacts on nutritional values analyzing means by which new agricultural sites are determined; exploring new technologies that minimize energy, lighting systems, water, and other inputs. Grants would be made under the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research Grant Act with priority for proposals that involve cooperation with multiple entities and states and regions with significant interest in urban farms and indoor production. Authorizes mandatory funding of $4 millionmil ion in mandatory CCC funding and $10 millionmil ion in discretionary spending, both annually, for FY2019-FY2023 for these purposes.
Directs the Secretary to conduct a followfol ow-up study to the Census of Agriculture of 2017 on urban, indoor, and emerging agricultural production, including community gardens and farms located in urban areas, rooftop farms and vertical production, indoor farms and greenhouses, hydroponic, aeroponic, and aquaponic farm facilities. Authorizes $14 millionmil ion for the period FY2019-FY2021 to carry out this provision. (§7212)
|
Adopts the Senate provision but removes the inclusion of assessment of shipping and transportation impacts on nutritional values for research under the competitive research and extension grants. Provides $10 million in CCC funds for FY2019 to remain available until expended and makes other technical changes. (§7212)
|
Centers of excellence. Requires the Secretary to prioritize centers of excellence established for purposes of carrying out research, extension, and education activities relating to the food and agricultural sciences. (7 U.S.C. 5926))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends to add at least three centers of excellence, each led by an 1890 institution, to focus on one or more of the following: student success and workforce development, nutrition, (§7212)
CRS-244
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Centers of excellence. Requires the
No comparable provision.
Amends to add at least three centers of
Adopts the Senate provision with
Secretary to prioritize centers of
excellence, each led by an 1890
amendments specifying that the
excellence established for purposes of
institution, to focus on one or more of
Secretary shall recognize at least three
carrying out research, extension, and
the fol owing: student success and
centers of excellence and making
education activities relating to the food
workforce development, nutrition,
technical changes. (§7213)
and agricultural sciences. (7 U.S.C.
health, and wellness, farming systems
5926))
health, and wellness, farming systems and rural prosperity, global food security and defense, natural resources, energy and the environment, and emerging technologies. Requires the Secretary to submit a report to Congress on the centers'’ work. Authorizes $10 millionmil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§7213)
Assistive Technology Program for
Clarifies language to make the provision
Reauthorizes the program for FY2019-
Identical to the House provision.
Farmers with Disabilities.
apply to veterans engaged in farming or
FY2023. (§7214)
(§7214)
Authorizes demonstration grants to
pursuing new farming opportunities.
support cooperative programs between
(§7211)
FY2019-FY2023. (§7213)
|
Adopts the Senate provision with amendments specifying that the Secretary shall recognize at least three centers of excellence and making technical changes. (§7213)
|
Assistive Technology Program for Farmers with Disabilities. Authorizes demonstration grants to support cooperative programs between State Cooperative Extension Service agencies and private nonprofit disability organizations to provide on-the-farm agricultural education and assistance directed at accommodating disability in farm operations for individuals with disabilities who are engaged in farming and farm-related occupations and their families. (7 U.S.C. 5933)
National Rural Information Center
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to House provision. (§7215)
Identical to the House and Senate
Clearinghouse. Establishes within the
FY2019-FY2023. (§7212)
provisions. (§7215)
families. (7 U.S.C. 5933)
|
Clarifies language to make the provision apply to veterans engaged in farming or pursuing new farming opportunities. (§7211)
|
Reauthorizes the program for FY2019-FY2023. (§7214)
|
Identical to the House provision. (§7214)
|
National Rural Information Center Clearinghouse. Establishes within the National Agricultural Library, in coordination with the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, a National Rural Information Center Clearinghouse to provide and distribute information and data to any industry, organization, or federal, state, or local government
CRS-245
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
entity, on request, about programs and services provided by federal, state, and local agencies and private nonprofit organizations and institutions under which individuals residing in, or organizations and state and local government entities operating in, a rural area may be eligible for any kind of assistance, including job training, education, health care, and economic development assistance and emotional and financial counseling. (7 U.S.C. 3125b(e))
Subtitle C—Agriculture, Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998
Ending limitation on funding. Limits
Removes limitation on funding that
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
grant funding to no more than three
restricts USDA from providing
years and prohibits further funding after
additional grant funding once an entity
an eligible entity has received three
has received three years of grant
years of funding. (7 U.S.C.
funding. (§7300)
7625(e)(3))
National food safety training.
Reauthorizes appropriations of $10
Reauthorizes the training program and
Identical to the House provision.
Authorizes appropriations of such sums
mil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023.
provides an authorized appropriation of
(§7301)
as necessary for competitive grants to
(§7301)
$10 mil ion annually for FY2019-
support training, education, extension,
FY2023. (§7301)
3125b(e))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7212)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7215)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7215)
|
Subtitle C—Agriculture, Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998
|
Ending limitation on funding. Limits grant funding to no more than three years and prohibits further funding after an eligible entity has received three years of funding. (7 U.S.C. 7625(e)(3))
|
Removes limitation on funding that restricts USDA from providing additional grant funding once an entity has received three years of grant funding. (§7300)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
National food safety training. Authorizes appropriations of such sums as necessary for competitive grants to support training, education, extension, outreach, and technical assistance projects to increase the adoption of established food safety standards, guidance, and protocols. (7 U.S.C. 7625(j))
Integrated research, extension,
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to the House provision.
Identical to the House and Senate
and education competitive grant
FY2019-FY2023. (§7302)
(§7302)
provisions. (§7302)
program. (7 U.S.C. 7626(e))
Support for research regarding
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Amends by authorizing an appropriation
Adopts the Senate provision with an
diseases of wheat, triticale, and
FY2019-FY2023. (§7303)
of $15 mil ion annually for FY2019-
amendment restricting grant recipients
barley caused by Fusarium
FY2023. (§7303)
CRS-246
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
graminearum or by Tilletia indica.
from using more than 10% of grant
Authorizes grants to consortia of land-
funds for indirect costs. (§7303)
grant col eges7625(j))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations of $10 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§7301)
|
Reauthorizes the training program and provides an authorized appropriation of $10 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§7301)
|
Identical to the House provision. (§7301)
|
Integrated research, extension, and education competitive grant program. (7 U.S.C. 7626(e))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7302)
|
Identical to the House provision. (§7302)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7302)
|
Support for research regarding diseases of wheat, triticale, and barley caused by Fusarium graminearum or by Tilletia indica. Authorizes grants to consortia of land-grant colleges and universities to enhance the ability of the consortia to carry out multi-state research projects aimed at understanding and combating diseases of wheat, triticale, and barley caused by Fusarium graminearum and related fungi. (7 U.S.C. 7628(e)(2))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7303)
|
Amends by authorizing an appropriation of $15 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§7303)
|
Adopts the Senate provision with an amendment restricting grant recipients from using more than 10% of grant funds for indirect costs. (§7303)
|
Grants for youth organizations. Authorizes grants through the director
Grants for youth organizations.
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to House provision. (§7304)
Identical to the House and Senate
Authorizes grants through the director
FY2019-FY2023. (§7304)
provisions. (§7304)
of NIFA, which shall make grants to the Girl Scouts of the United States of America, the Boy Scouts of America, the National 4–H Council, and the National Future Farmers of America Organization to establish pilot projects to expand the programs carried out by the organizations in rural areas and small towns. (7 U.S.C. 7630(d)(2))
Specialty Crop Research Initiative.
Extends program and funding levels
Extends funding levels through FY2023.
Similar to the Senate bil . Reauthorizes
Provides mandatory CCC funds of $80
through FY2023, including funding for
Expands program eligibility to include
CCC funding of $100 mil ion annually
mil ion for FY2014 and each fiscal year
the emergency citrus disease research
“size-control ing rootstock systems for
for FY2019-FY2023. (§7305)
thereafter and authorizes appropriations and extension program. Expands
perennial crops,” “emerging and invasive Establishes a Citrus Trust Fund to
of $100 mil ion annually for FY2014-
program eligibility to include “size-
species,” and “threats to specialty crop
extend support the Emergency Citrus
FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 7632(b)) Reserves
control ing rootstock systems for
pol inators,” among other production
Disease Research and Extension
at least $25 mil ion in funding for the
perennial crops” and “emerging and
practices and technologies. (§7305)
Program, providing annual CCC funds
emergency citrus disease research and
invasive species,” among other
of $25 mil ion for FY2019-FY2023. (See
extension program and includes an
production practices and technologies.
Section 12605 more information.)
additional $25 mil ion in authorized
(§7305)
appropriations annually for FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 7632(j))
Food Animal Residue Avoidance
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to House provision. (§7306)
Identical to the House and Senate
Database Program. Establishes a
FY2019-FY2023. (§7306)
provisions. (§7306)
database to provide livestock producers, extension specialists,
CRS-247
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
small towns. (7 U.S.C. 7630(d)(2))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7304)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7304)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7304)
|
Specialty Crop Research Initiative. Provides mandatory CCC funds of $80 million for FY2014 and each fiscal year thereafter and authorizes appropriations of $100 million annually for FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 7632(b)) Reserves at least $25 million in funding for the emergency citrus disease research and extension program and includes an additional $25 million in authorized appropriations annually for FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 7632(j))
|
Extends program and funding levels through FY2023, including funding for the emergency citrus disease research and extension program. Expands program eligibility to include "size-controlling rootstock systems for perennial crops" and "emerging and invasive species," among other production practices and technologies. (§7305)
|
Extends funding levels through FY2023. Expands program eligibility to include "size-controlling rootstock systems for perennial crops," "emerging and invasive species," and "threats to specialty crop pollinators," among other production practices and technologies. (§7305)
|
Similar to the Senate bill. Reauthorizes CCC funding of $100 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§7305) Establishes a Citrus Trust Fund to extend support the Emergency Citrus Disease Research and Extension Program, providing annual CCC funds of $25 million for FY2019-FY2023. (See Section 12605 more information.)
|
Food Animal Residue Avoidance Database Program. Establishes a database to provide livestock producers, extension specialists, scientists, and veterinarians with information to prevent drug, pesticide, and environmental contaminant residues in food animal products. (7 U.S.C. 7642(e))
Office of Pest Management Policy.
Reauthorizes appropriations for
7642(e))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7306)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7306)
|
7307)
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7306)
|
Office of Pest Management Policy. Establishes the Office of Pest
Establishes the Office of Pest
FY2019-FY2023. (§7307)
provisions. (§7307)
Management Policy to coordinate USDA'USDA’s policies and activities related to pesticides and pest management tools. Authorizes appropriations of such sums as necessary through FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 7653)
Forestry products advanced
Reauthorizes appropriations for
U.S.C. 7653)
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7307)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7307)
|
7308)
Identical to the House and Senate
utilization research. Establishes
FY2019-FY2023. No change to current
provisions. (§7308)
forestry and forestry products research
law. (§7308)
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7307)
|
Forestry products advanced utilization research. Establishes forestry and forestry products research and extension initiative to develop and disseminate science-based tools that address the needs of the forestry sector and their respective regions; forest and timberland owners and managers; and forestry products engineering, manufacturing, and related interests. (7 U.S.C. 7655b(f)(1))
Subtitle D—Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (FCE)
Agricultural Biosecurity
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to House provision. (§7501)
Identical to the House and Senate
Communication Center. Establishes
FY2019-FY2023. (§7401)
provisions. (§7401)
U.S.C. 7655b(f)(1))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. No change to current law. (§7308)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7308)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7308)
|
Subtitle D—Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (FCE)
|
Agricultural Biosecurity Communication Center. Establishes a communication center within USDA to col ectto collect and disseminate information and prepare for an agricultural disease emergency, agroterrorist act, or other threat to agricultural biosecurity and to coordinate activities among agencies and offices within the USDA. Authorizes $2 million
CRS-248
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
$2 mil ion annually for FY2013-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 8912(c)(2))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7401)
|
Assistance to build local capacity in Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to House provision. (§7501)
|
7502)
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7401)
|
Assistance to build local capacity in agricultural biosecurity planning,
agricultural biosecurity planning,
FY2019-FY2023. (§7402)
provisions. (§7402)
preparation, and response. Authorizes a competitive grant program to support the development and expansion of advanced training programs in agricultural biosecurity planning and response for food science professionals and veterinarians. Authorizes $15 millionmil ion annually for FY2013-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 8913)
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7402)
|
Research and development of
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to House provision. (§7502)
|
7503)
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7402)
|
Research and development of agricultural countermeasures.
agricultural countermeasures.
FY2019-FY2023. (§7403)
provisions. (§7403)
Authorizes a competitive grant program to encourage basic and applied research and the development of qualified agricultural countermeasures. Authorizes $15 millionmil ion annually for FY2013-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 8921(b)(2))
Agricultural Biosecurity Grant
Reauthorizes appropriations for
8921(b)(2))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7403)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7503)
|
7504)
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7403)
|
Agricultural Biosecurity Grant Program. Authorizes a competitive
Program. Authorizes a competitive
FY2019-FY2023. (§7404)
provisions. (§7404)
grant program to promote the development of teaching programs in agriculture, veterinary medicine, and disciplines closely allied to the food and agriculture system to increase the number of trained individuals with an expertise in agricultural biosecurity. (7 U.S.C. 8922(e)(2))
Grazinglands Research
Amends provision to state that the
No comparable provision.
Identical to the House provision.
Laboratory. Establishes a research
Grazinglands Research Laboratory shall
(§7411)
not be declared excess or surplus federal property for the 15-year period
CRS-249
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
laboratory for grazingland research.
beginning on the date of enactment of
(§7502, P.L. 110-246)
U.S.C. 8922(e)(2))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7404)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7504)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7404)
|
Grazinglands Research Laboratory. Establishes a research laboratory for grazingland research. (§7502, P.L. 110-246)
|
Amends provision to state that the Grazinglands Research Laboratory shall not be declared excess or surplus federal property for the 15-year period beginning on the date of enactment of the FCE Act. The amendment increases the time period from 10 years to 15 years. (§7405)
Farm and Ranch Stress Assistance
Reauthorizes such sums as necessary
Amends to designate eligible entities.
Adopts the Senate provision with an
Network. In coordination with the
for FY2019-FY2023. Requires a review
Authorizes training and workshops for
amendment making Indian tribes eligible
Secretary of Health and Human
of the program within two years after
affected farmers and ranchers. Also
for grants. (§7412)
Services, the Secretary is authorized to
the first grant is awarded. [Section
authorizes Network to enter into
make competitive grants to establish a
6003]
contracts with community-based direct
Farm and Ranch Stress Assistance
service organizations to initiate and
Network to provide stress assistance
expand programs. Requires a report
programs for those engaged in
from the Secretary in coordination with
agriculture-related occupations. Such
the Secretary of Health and Human
sums as necessary authorized FY2008-
Services describing the mental and
FY2012. [7 U.S.C. 5936]
years. (§7405)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to the House provision. (§7411)
|
Farm and Ranch Stress Assistance Network. In coordination with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Secretary is authorized to make competitive grants to establish a Farm and Ranch Stress Assistance Network to provide stress assistance programs for those engaged in agriculture-related occupations. Such sums as necessary authorized FY2008-FY2012. [7 U.S.C. 5936]
|
Reauthorizes such sums as necessary for FY2019-FY2023. Requires a review of the program within two years after the first grant is awarded. [Section 6003]
|
Amends to designate eligible entities. Authorizes training and workshops for affected farmers and ranchers. Also authorizes Network to enter into contracts with community-based direct service organizations to initiate and expand programs. Requires a report from the Secretary in coordination with the Secretary of Health and Human Services describing the mental and behavioral health of farmers and ranchers. Authorizes $10 million mil ion annually FY2019-2023.
Natural products research
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to House provision. (§7512)
Identical to the House and Senate
program. Authorizes a natural
FY2019-FY2023. (§7406)
provisions. (§7413)
annually FY2019-2023.
|
Adopts the Senate provision with an amendment making Indian tribes eligible for grants. (§7412)
|
Natural products research program. Authorizes a natural products research program to improve human health and agricultural productivity through the discovery, development, and commercialization of products and agrichemicals from bioactive natural products, including products from plant, marine, and microbial sources. Authorizes $7 million mil ion annually for FY2014-2018. (7 U.S.C. 5937(e))
Sun grant program. Establishes six
Reauthorizes appropriations for
5937(e))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7406)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7512)
|
7513)
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7413)
|
Sun grant program. Establishes six sun grant centers and authorizes
sun grant centers and authorizes
FY2019-FY2023. (§7407)
provisions. (§7414)
competitive grants to enhance national energy security through the development, distribution, and implementation of biobased energy technologies. Authorizes $75 mil ion
CRS-250
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
annually through FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 8114(g))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Mechanization and automation for
Identical to the Senate provision.
technologies. Authorizes $75 million annually through FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 8114(g))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7407)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7513)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7414)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Mechanization and automation for specialty crops. Directs the Secretary specialty crops. Directs the Secretary
(§7610)
to conduct a review of programs in the Department that affect the production or processing of specialty crops. (§7514)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§7610)
|
)
Subtitle E—Amendments to Other Laws
|
Critical Agricultural Materials Act. Authorizes a research program into the
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to the House provision.
Identical to the House and Senate
Authorizes a research program into the
FY2019-FY2023. (§7501)
(§7401)
provisions. (§7501)
use of agricultural materials that are of strategic and industrial importance to the United States. Authorizes $2 million mil ion annually for FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 178n(a)(2)).
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7501)
|
Identical to the House provision. (§7401)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7501)
|
Section 5(b)(9) of the act provides for basic and applied research, technology development, and technology transfer. (7 U.S.C. 178c(b)(9))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Expands scope of the program to study the economic feasibility of developing native agricultural crops to include industrial hemp. (§7401)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§7501)
|
Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994. Establishes land-grant aid to colleges. (7 U.S.C. 301 note)
|
Amends provision to define 36 tribal colleges as "1994 land-grant institutions.").
Section 5(b)(9) of the act provides for
No comparable provision.
Expands scope of the program to study
Identical to the Senate provision.
basic and applied research, technology
the economic feasibility of developing
(§7501)
development, and technology transfer.
native agricultural crops to include
(7 U.S.C. 178c(b)(9))
industrial hemp. (§7401)
Equity in Educational Land-Grant
Amends provision to define 36 tribal
Identical to House provision. (§7402)
Identical to the House and Senate
Status Act of 1994. Establishes land-
col eges as “1994 land-grant
provisions. (§7502)
grant aid to col eges. (7 U.S.C. 301
institutions.” Reauthorizes endowment
note)
Reauthorizes endowment funding, capacity-building grants, and research grants for the 36 tribal colleges col eges for FY2019-FY2023. (§7502)
Research Facilities Act. Defines and
Amends the Research Facilities Act (7
Reauthorizes the provision for FY2019-
Identical to the House provision.
authorizes funding for agricultural
U.S.C. 390(1)) by striking a college,
FY2023. (§7403)
(§7503)
research facilities. (7 U.S.C. 390 et
for FY2019-FY2023. (§7502)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7402)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7502)
|
Research Facilities Act. Defines and authorizes funding for agricultural research facilities. (7 U.S.C. 390 et seq.)
|
Amends the Research Facilities Act (7 U.S.C. 390(1)) by striking a college, university, or nonprofit institution and university, or nonprofit institution and
seq.)
inserting an entity eligible to receive funds under a capacity and infrastructure program as defined in Section 251(f)(1)(C) of the 1994 Agriculture Reorganization Act. Adds a new section authorizing
CRS-251
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
competitive grants appropriation and limiting those funds made available to no more than 25% for any one project. Limits an eligible entity to receiving funds for only one project at a time. (§7503)
|
Reauthorizes the provision for FY2019-FY2023. (§7403)
|
Identical to the
Competitive, Special, and Facilities Amends the act by making technical
Similar to House provision. Also
Adopts the House provision with an
Research Grant Act. Authorizes a
corrections and adding clauses that
amends to add soil health as an
amendment striking the changes to
competitive grants program at USDA
accelerate research in the use of
environmental research area. Does not
matching requirements that are made in
(the Agriculture and Food Research
automation or mechanization for labor-
include the House provision regarding
Section 7614 and also authorizes the
Initiative) to address various areas of
intensive tasks in crop production and
socially disadvantaged farmers and
Secretary to provide grants to carry out
importance to the agricultural
distribution and remove barriers to
House provision. (§7503)
|
Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research Grant Act. Authorizes a competitive grants program at USDA (the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative) to address various areas of importance to the agricultural production, food, and nutrition sectors. (7 U.S.C. 3157(b))
|
Amends the act by making technical corrections and adding clauses that accelerate research in the use of automation or mechanization for labor-intensive tasks in crop production and distribution and remove barriers to entry for young, beginning, socially disadvantaged veteran, and immigrant farmers and ranchers. (§7504)
|
Similar to House provision. Also amends to add soil health as an environmental research area. Does not include the House provision regarding socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers. (§7404)
|
Adopts the House provision with an amendment striking the changes to matching requirements that are made in Section 7614 and also authorizes the Secretary to provide grants to carry out collaboration in biomedical and agricultural research using existing models. (§7504)
|
Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research Grant Act. Authorizes a competitive grants program at USDA to address various areas of importance to the agricultural production, food, and nutrition sectors. (7 U.S.C. 3157(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends to create an extension design and demonstration initiative to encourage the design of adaptive prototype systems for extension and education that seek to advance the )
col aboration in biomedical and
production, food, and nutrition sectors.
entry for young, beginning, socially
agricultural research using existing
(7 U.S.C. 3157(b))
disadvantaged veteran, and immigrant
models. (§7504)
farmers and ranchers. (§7504)
Competitive, Special, and Facilities No comparable provision.
Amends to create an extension design
Identical to the Senate provision.
Research Grant Act. Authorizes a
and demonstration initiative to
(§7505)
competitive grants program at USDA to
encourage the design of adaptive
address various areas of importance to
prototype systems for extension and
the agricultural production, food, and
education that seek to advance the
nutrition sectors. (7 U.S.C. 3157(b))
application, translation, and demonstration of scientific discoveries and other agricultural research for the adoption and understanding of food, agricultural, and natural resources practices. Authorizes competitive grants to land-grant institutions and agricultural experiment stations for up to 5 years for the design of extension and education prototypes, Provides $5 millionmil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§7405)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§7505)
|
Renewable Resources Extension Act of 1978. Authorizes $30 million annually for FY2002-FY2018 for
Renewable Resources Extension
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to House provision. (§7406)
Identical to the House and Senate
Act of 1978. Authorizes $30 mil ion
FY2019-FY2023. (§7505)
provisions. (§7509)
annually for FY2002-FY2018 for
CRS-252
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
forestry-related extension activities. (16 U.S.C. 1675, 1671)
National Aquaculture Act of 1980.
Reauthorizes appropriations for
U.S.C. 1675, 1671)
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7505)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7406)
|
7407)
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7509)
|
National Aquaculture Act of 1980. Authorizes appropriations of $1 million
Authorizes appropriations of $1 mil ion
FY2019-FY2023. (§7506)
provisions. (§7510)
annually for FY1991-FY2018 to the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, and the Interior to support research on aquaculture. (16 U.S.C. 2809)
Purposes of agricultural research,
No comparable provision.
Repeals a review of the Agricultural
Identical to the Senate provision.
extension, and education. Describes
Research Service authorized by Section
(§7506)
the objectives and purposes of federal
7404 of 2809)
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. (§7506)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7407)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7510)
|
Purposes of agricultural research, extension, and education. Describes the objectives and purposes of federal support for agricultural research, extension, and education. (7 U.S.C. 3101, note)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Repeals a review of the Agricultural Research Service authorized by Section 7404 of P.L. 107-171. Review would have evaluated the merits of establishing one or more national institutes focused . Review would
support for agricultural research,
have evaluated the merits of establishing
extension, and education. (7 U.S.C.
one or more national institutes focused
3101, note)
on disciplines important to the progress of food and agricultural science. (§7408)
McIntire-Stennis Cooperative
No comparable provision.
Amends to add 1994 institutions (tribal
Identical to the Senate provision.
Forestry Research Act. Provides
land grant col eges) that offer an
(§7604)
funding to schools of forestry for
associate’s degree or a baccalaureate
research and extension activities. (16
degree in forestry as eligible to
U.S.C. 582a-1)
of food and agricultural science. (§7408)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§7506)
|
McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Research Act. Provides funding to schools of forestry for research and extension activities. (16 U.S.C. 582a-1)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends to add 1994 institutions (tribal land grant colleges) that offer an associate's degree or a baccalaureate degree in forestry as eligible to participate in McIntire-Stennis funding under terms determined by the Secretary. (§7414)
Agriculture innovation center
No comparable provision.
Amends to provide “such sums as
Adopts the Senate provision with an
demonstration program. Directs
necessary to carry out this section.”
amendment specifying that the board of
the Secretary to establish a
(§7418)
directors for each Innovation Center be
demonstration program under which
composed of a diverse group of
agricultural producers are provided
representatives from public and private
technical assistance, assistance in
entities, including four entities that
marketing, market development, and
represent commodities produced in the
business planning; and organizational,
state and may include a state legislator.
outreach, and development assistance.
The amendment also strikes the report
Authorizes appropriations of $1 mil ion
to congress and authorizes $15 mil ion for each of FY2019-2023. (§7608)
CRS-253
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
annually FY2014-2018. (7 U.S.C. 1632b)
Legitimacy of industrial hemp
No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to conduct a study of
Similar to the Senate provision but also
research. Allows an institution of
agricultural pilot programs, assessing the requires USDA to submit a report
higher education or State department of
economic viability of the domestic
describing the study on agricultural pilot
agriculture to grow or cultivate
production and sale of industrial hemp,
programs not later than 12 months after
industrial hemp for research purposes, if
and review the hemp pilot program and
the date of enactment. (§7605)
allowed under the laws of the State in
any other agricultural or academic
which the institution is located.
research relating to industrial hemp.
Establishes a definition for ‘'industrial
(§7415)
hemp'' to mean the plant Cannabis
Other provisions regarding industrial
sativa with a delta-9
Secretary. (§7414)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§7604)
|
Agriculture innovation center demonstration program. Directs the Secretary to establish a demonstration program under which agricultural producers are provided technical assistance, assistance in marketing, market development, and business planning; and organizational, outreach, and development assistance. Authorizes appropriations of $1 million annually FY2014-2018. (7 U.S.C. 1632b)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends to provide "such sums as necessary to carry out this section." (§7418)
|
Adopts the Senate provision with an amendment specifying that the board of directors for each Innovation Center be composed of a diverse group of representatives from public and private entities, including four entities that represent commodities produced in the state and may include a state legislator. The amendment also strikes the report to congress and authorizes $15 million for each of FY2019-2023. (§7608)
|
Legitimacy of industrial hemp research. Allows an institution of higher education or State department of agriculture to grow or cultivate industrial hemp for research purposes, if allowed under the laws of the State in which the institution is located. Establishes a definition for ''industrial hemp'' to mean the plant Cannabis sativa with a delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of not more than 0.3% on a dry weight basis." (7 U.S.C. 5940)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires USDA to conduct a study of agricultural pilot programs, assessing the economic viability of the domestic production and sale of industrial hemp, and review the hemp pilot program and any other agricultural or academic research relating to industrial hemp. (§7415)
Other provisions regarding industrial hemp are contained in the Horticulture hemp are contained in the Horticulture
tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of
title (XII) (§§10111, 10112), Crop Insurance title (XI) (§§11101, 11106,
not more than 0.3% on a dry weight
Insurance title (XI) (§§11101, 11106,
basis.” (7 U.S.C. 5940)
11112, 11120, 11101, 11121), Miscellaneous title (XII) (§12608), and elsewhere in the Research title (XII) (§§7125, 7401).
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Collection of data relating to
Identical to the Senate provision.
elsewhere in the Research title (XII) (§§7125, 7401).
|
Similar to the Senate provision but also requires USDA to submit a report describing the study on agricultural pilot programs not later than 12 months after the date of enactment. (§7605)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Collection of data relating to barley area planted and harvested. barley area planted and harvested.
(§7606)
Directs the Secretary through the National Agricultural Statistics Service to include New York in the states surveyed for the table entitled "“barley area planted and harvested"” in those reports. (§7416)
No comparable report.
No comparable provision.
Collection of data relating to the
Identical to the Senate provision.
size and location of dairy farms.
(§7607)
reports. (§7416)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§7606)
|
No comparable report.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Collection of data relating to the size and location of dairy farms. Requires the Administrator of the Economic Research Service (ERS) to update the report entitled ''‘‘Changes in the Size and Location of US Dairy Farms''Farms’’ contained in the report of the ERS entitled ''‘‘Profits, Costs, and the Changing Structure of Dairy Farming'' ’’ and published in September 2007. Requires an expanded table containing the full range of herd sizes. (§7417)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§7607)
|
Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Program. Authorizes a beginning farmer and rancher development program to provide training, education, outreach, and technical assistance initiatives for beginning farmers or ranchers. Authorizes $20 million in mandatory funding annually for FY2014-FY2018 and $30 million annually for FY2014-FY2018 in discretionary spending. (7 U.S.C. 3319f)
|
Reauthorizes mandatory and discretionary appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. Amends to require that grant recipients provide a match in
CRS-254
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Requires an expanded table containing the ful range of herd sizes. (§7417)
Beginning Farmer and Rancher
Reauthorizes mandatory and
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision. See
Development Program. Authorizes
discretionary appropriations for
(§12301)
a beginning farmer and rancher
FY2019-FY2023. Amends to require
development program to provide
that grant recipients provide a match in
training, education, outreach, and
the form of cash or in-kind
technical assistance initiatives for
the form of cash or in-kind contributions equal to 25% of the grant funds provided. The Secretary is authorized to waive the matching requirement to effectively reach an underserved area or population. Amendment adds new subsection
beginning farmers or ranchers.
funds provided. The Secretary is
Authorizes $20 mil ion in mandatory
authorized to waive the matching
funding annually for FY2014-FY2018 and requirement to effectively reach an $30 mil ion annually for FY2014-FY2018
underserved area or population.
in discretionary spending. (7 U.S.C.
Amendment adds new subsection
3319f)
outlining the purposes of the competitive grants. Requires that not less than 5% of the funds be made available to sociallysocial y disadvantaged farmers and ranchers, limited resource farmers and ranchers, and farm workers who desire to become farmers and ranchers. Also requires not less than 5% of the funds be made available to support programs and services that address the needs of veteran farmers.* (§7507)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar
Federal agricultural research
Reauthorizes appropriations for
Identical to House provision. See (§12301)
|
Federal agricultural research facilities. Provides funding for federal agricultural research facilities. (Title XIV, (§7112)
Identical to the House and Senate
facilities. Provides funding for federal
FY2019-FY2023. No change to current
provisions. (§7511)
agricultural research facilities. (Title
law. (7508)
XIV, P.L. 99-198; 99 Stat. 1556; 128 Stat. 900))
Biomass research and
Reauthorizes appropriations of $20
Amends to add carbon dioxide intended Adopts the Senate provision with an
development. Establishes a research
mil ion for each fiscal year for FY2019-
for permanent sequestration to be
amendment striking the $3 mil ion in
initiative between USDA and the
FY2023. (§7509)
considered a biobased product. Adds an
annual in mandatory spending for
Department of Energy to coordinate
expert in carbon sequestration to the
FY2019-FY2023. (§7507)
research and development programs
membership of the Advisory Council.
and activities relating to biofuels and
Reauthorizes $3 mil ion in annual
CRS-255
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
biobased products that are carried out
mandatory spending and $20 mil ion in
by their respective departments.
annual discretionary spending for
Authorizes $20 mil ionStat. 900))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations for FY2019-FY2023. No change to current law. (7508)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7112)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7511)
|
Biomass research and development. Establishes a research initiative between USDA and the Department of Energy to coordinate research and development programs and activities relating to biofuels and biobased products that are carried out by their respective departments. Authorizes $20 million in discretionary in discretionary
FY2019-FY2023. (§7409)
funding annually for FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 8108(h))
Foundation for Food and
No comparable provision.
Amends to include that the Board of
Amends to require the Foundation to
Agriculture Research
Directors shall actively solicit and
publish an annual notice with a
A nonprofit corporation established to
accept any funds, gifts, grants, devises,
description of agricultural research
advance the research mission of USDA
or bequests of real or personal
priorities for the upcoming fiscal year
by supporting research activities
property made to the Foundation,
and a strategic plan to be submitted to
focused on key problems of national and
including from private entities. Requires
the relevant committees describing the
international significance. The
publication of an annual notice to
path for the Foundation to become self-
Foundation is governed by an elected
stakeholders of agricultural research
sustaining. Requires the Secretary to
Board of Directors of 15 members
priorities for the coming year, including
transfer $185 mil ion of mandatory
selected from a list of candidates
a schedule for funding competitions and
funding to the Foundation. (§6403)
provided by the National Academy of
a description of how funding
Sciences and a list provided by industry.
applications wil be evaluated. Describes
Provides $200 mil ion in mandatory
how the Foundation wil improve
spending to remain available until
transparency in the application review
expended. Federal funding is matched
process. Requires the Secretary to
on a 1:1 basis. (7 U.S.C. 5939)
transfer $200 mil ionU.S.C. 8108(h))
|
Reauthorizes appropriations of $20 million for each fiscal year for FY2019-FY2023. (§7509)
|
Amends to add carbon dioxide intended for permanent sequestration to be considered a biobased product. Adds an expert in carbon sequestration to the membership of the Advisory Council. Reauthorizes $3 million in annual mandatory spending and $20 million in annual discretionary spending for FY2019-FY2023. (§7409)
|
Adopts the Senate provision with an amendment striking the $3 million in annual in mandatory spending for FY2019-FY2023. (§7507)
|
Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research
A nonprofit corporation established to advance the research mission of USDA by supporting research activities focused on key problems of national and international significance. The Foundation is governed by an elected Board of Directors of 15 members selected from a list of candidates provided by the National Academy of Sciences and a list provided by industry. Provides $200 million in mandatory spending to remain available until expended. Federal funding is matched on a 1:1 basis. (7 U.S.C. 5939)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends to include that the Board of Directors shall actively solicit and accept any funds, gifts, grants, devises, or bequests of real or personal property made to the Foundation, including from private entities. Requires publication of an annual notice to stakeholders of agricultural research priorities for the coming year, including a schedule for funding competitions and a description of how funding applications will be evaluated. Describes how the Foundation will improve transparency in the application review process. Requires the Secretary to transfer $200 million of mandatory funding to the Foundation. (§7413)
Subtitle F—Other Matters
Enhanced Use Lease Authority
Transitions the lease authority program
Amends the Federal Crop Insurance
Adopts the House provision with an
Program. Concerns the National
from a pilot program to a permanent
Reform and Department of Agriculture
amendment that strikes the clarification
Agricultural Library’s authority under a
program and changes the dates of
Reorganization Act of 1994 to
for the prohibition against onsite public
pilot program to lease non-excess
report submission requirements.
terminate the lease authority program
retail development; establishes
property. (7 U.S.C. 3125a note)
(§7601)
in FY2023, and to require reporting by
September 23, 2023, as the termination
FY2021. (§7411)
funding to the Foundation. (§7413)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§7603)
|
Subtitle F—Other Matters
|
Enhanced Use Lease Authority Program. Concerns the National Agricultural Library's authority under a pilot program to lease non-excess property. (7 U.S.C. 3125a note)
|
Transitions the lease authority program from a pilot program to a permanent program and changes the dates of report submission requirements. (§7601)
|
Amends the Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 to terminate the lease authority program in FY2023, and to require reporting by FY2021. (§7411)
|
Adopts the House provision with an amendment that strikes the clarification for the prohibition against onsite public retail development; establishes September 23, 2023, as the termination date of the program; and requires a report no later than September 30, 2021. (§7601)
CRS-256
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Functions and duties of the Under
Declares that certain duties of the
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Secretary for Research, Education,
Secretary with respect to coordination
and Economics. (7 U.S.C.
of research across disciplines and to
6971(d)(2))
2021. (§7601)
|
Functions and duties of the Under Secretary for Research, Education, and Economics. (7 U.S.C. 6971(d)(2))
|
Declares that certain duties of the Secretary with respect to coordination of research across disciplines and to address the priority research areas of the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative. (§7602)
Reinstatement of District of
Amends Section 208(c) of the District
Identical to House provision. (§7410)
Identical to the House provision.
Columbia matching requirement
of Columbia Postsecondary Education
(§7508)
for certain land-grant university
Reorganization Act to pay no more than
assistance. (P.L. 93-471, §38-
one-half of the total cost of providing
1202.09(e), D.C. Official Code)
certain extension work. (§7603)
No comparable provision.
Farmland tenure, transition, and
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Initiative. (§7602)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Reinstatement of District of Columbia matching requirement for certain land-grant university assistance. (P.L. 93-471, §38-1202.09(e), D.C. Official Code)
|
Amends Section 208(c) of the District of Columbia Postsecondary Education Reorganization Act to pay no more than one-half of the total cost of providing certain extension work. (§7603)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7410)
|
Identical to the House provision. (§7508)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Farmland tenure, transition, and entry data initiative. Directs the Secretary to collectcol ect and report annually data and analysis on farmland ownership, tenure, transition, and entry of beginning farmers. Authorizes $2 millionmil ion each fiscal year for FY2019-FY2023. (§7604)
No comparable provision.
Transfer of administrative
Identical to House provision. (§7412)
Identical to the House and Senate
jurisdiction, portion of Henry A.
provisions. (§7602)
FY2023. (§7604)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Transfer of administrative jurisdiction, portion of Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland. Authorizes the Secretary to transfer a parcel of real property at the Henry A. Wallace BeltsvilleBeltsvil e Agricultural Research Center to the administrative jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Treasury and specifies the conditions of the transfer. (§7605)
Smith-Lever Act of 1916, Sections
Amends provisions requiring submission No comparable provision.
Identical to the House and Senate
3 and 4; Hatch Act of 1887, Section of plans of work by land-grant
provisions. (§7612)
3; National Agricultural Research,
institutions with respect to the use of
Extension, and Teaching Policy
formula funds and state matching funds
Act, Sections 1444 and 1445.
provided under the Hatch Act, Smith-
CRS-257
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
the transfer. (§7605)
|
Identical to House provision. (§7412)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7602)
|
Smith-Lever Act of 1916, Sections 3 and 4; Hatch Act of 1887, Section 3; National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act, Sections 1444 and 1445.
(7 U.S.C. 343(h)(2)); (7 U.S.C. (7 U.S.C. 343(h)(2)); (7 U.S.C.
Lever Act, and similar formula funds
344); (7 U.S.C.344); (7 U.S.C. 366(c)); (7 U.S.C. .
provided to the 1890 land-grant
361g); (7 U.S.C. 3221(d)); (7 U.S.C. universities. Provides that the 3222(e))
361g); (7 U.S.C. 3221(d)); (7 U.S.C. 3222(e))
|
Amends provisions requiring submission of plans of work by land-grant institutions with respect to the use of formula funds and state matching funds provided under the Hatch Act, Smith-Lever Act, and similar formula funds provided to the 1890 land-grant universities. Provides that the procedures of such plans of work are not subject to audits to determine their sufficiency. (§7606)
Department of Agriculture
Exempts entities receiving certain funds
No comparable provision.
Identical to the House provision.
Reorganization Act of 1994,
from time and effort reporting
(§7613)
Section 251. (7 U.S.C.
requirements under Part 200 of Title 2
6971(f)(1)(C))
sufficiency. (§7606)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§7612)
|
Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994, Section 251. (7 U.S.C. 6971(f)(1)(C))
|
Exempts entities receiving certain funds from time and effort reporting requirements under Part 200 of Title 2 of the Code of Federal Regulations with respect to the use of such funds. (§7607)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to the House provision. (§7613)
|
No comparable provision
|
Provides that USDA, in consultation
Provides that USDA, in consultation
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), shall develop and carry out a national science-based education campaign to increase public awareness regarding the use of biotechnology in food and agriculture production. (§7608)
Smith-Lever Act of 1916. Provides
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Smith-Lever Community
formula funding for extension activities
Extension Program. Amends the
at land grant institution. (7 U.S.C. 343,
Smith-Lever Act to authorize1994 land-
et seq.)
grant col egesfood and agriculture production. (§7608)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Smith-Lever Act of 1916. Provides formula funding for extension activities at land grant institution. (7 U.S.C. 343, et seq.)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Smith-Lever Community Extension Program. Amends the Smith-Lever Act to authorize1994 land-grant colleges to compete for and receive funds for the Children, Youth, and Families at Risk funding and the Federally Recognized Tribes Extension Program. (§7609)
|
Food Security Act of 1985. Agriculture Conservation Experienced Services (ACES). Authorizes USDA to enter into technical assistance using qualified individuals 55 and older. Funding from farm bill conservation programs may be used to carry out the program (16 U.S.C. 3851)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends the Food Security Act to rename the Agriculture Conservation Experienced Services Program to Experienced Services and expands the program to include technical,
Food Security Act of 1985.
No comparable provision.
Amends the Food Security Act to
Adopts the Senate provision with
Agriculture Conservation Experienced
rename the Agriculture Conservation
technical amendments and strikes the
Services (ACES). Authorizes USDA to
Experienced Services Program to
sunset provision. (§7611)
enter into technical assistance using
Experienced Services and expands the
qualified individuals 55 and older.
program to include technical,
Funding from farm bil conservation
professional, and administrative services for research, education, and economic
CRS-258
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
programs may be used to carry out the
mission areas of USDA. Adds a sunset
program (16 U.S.C. 3851)
date of October 1, 2023.
CRS-259
Table 12. Forestry
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
for research, education, and economic mission areas of USDA. Adds a sunset date of October 1, 2023.
|
Adopts the Senate provision with technical amendments and strikes the sunset provision. (§7611)
|
Prior Law/Policy
|
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
(H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
P.L. 115-334)
|
Subtitle A—Subtitle A—Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978
|
Authorizes up to $10 million in annual appropriations between FY2008 and FY2018 to implement the requirements mil ion in annual
Reauthorizes funding at the current
No comparable provision.
Identical to the House provision.
appropriations between FY2008 and
authorized level of up to $10 mil ion
(§8101)
FY2018 to implement the requirements
annually through FY2023. (§8101)
for statewide forest resource assessments and strategies. (16 U.S.C. 2101a)
Permanently authorizes up to 5% of the
Eliminates the existing program and
Establishes a competitive grant program
Identical to the Senate provision.
funds made available for all CFAA
establishes a State and Private Forest
similar to the House provision but does
(§8102)
programs to be appropriated to carry
Landscape-U.S.C. 2101a)
|
Reauthorizes funding at the current authorized level of up to $10 million annually through FY2023. (§8101)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to the House provision. (§8101)
|
Permanently authorizes up to 5% of the funds made available for all CFAA programs to be appropriated to carry out a program to support innovative regional or national forest restoration projects that address priority landscapes. The Landscape Scale Restoration program received average annual appropriations of $14 million from FY2014 through FY2018. (16 U.S.C. 2109a)
|
Eliminates the existing program and establishes a State and Private Forest Landscape-Scale Restoration program to provide financial assistance for landscape-scale restoration projects that cross landownership boundaries (e.g., federal, state, tribal, and/or private forest land). Specifies that half of the program funding is to be allocated for a competitive grant program and the other half proportionally allocated to the states. Establishes a national and optional regional process for reviewing proposals for the competitive grant program and requires up to a 50% cost-share match, unless waived by the Secretary. Requires the development of performance metrics to measure the results of the program. Authorizes the program to receive $10 million annually through FY2023, subject to appropriations. (§8104)
|
Establishes a competitive grant program similar to the House provision but does not include the requirement to allocate half of the program funding to the states. Also defines private forest land and state forest land differently; requires a 50% cost-share match without exceptions; does not establish a review process; requires proposals to be accessible by wood-processing infrastructure and based on best available science; and requires the Chief of the Forest Service to consult with the Chief of the NRCS and relevant stakeholders regarding program administration. Establishes the State and Private Forest Landscape-Scale Restoration Fund to administer program funds and authorizes the fund to receive $20 million program
not include the requirement to allocate
out a program to support innovative
to provide financial assistance for
half of the program funding to the
regional or national forest restoration
landscape-scale restoration projects that states. Also defines private forest land
projects that address priority
cross landownership boundaries (e.g.,
and state forest land differently;
landscapes. The Landscape Scale
federal, state, tribal, and/or private
requires a 50% cost-share match
Restoration program received average
forest land). Specifies that half of the
without exceptions; does not establish a
annual appropriations of $14 mil ion
program funding is to be allocated for a
review process; requires proposals to
from FY2014 through FY2018. (16
competitive grant program and the
be accessible by wood-processing
U.S.C. 2109a)
other half proportionally allocated to
infrastructure and based on best
the states. Establishes a national and
available science; and requires the Chief
optional regional process for reviewing
of the Forest Service to consult with
proposals for the competitive grant
the Chief of the NRCS and relevant
program and requires up to a 50% cost-
stakeholders regarding program
share match, unless waived by the
administration. Establishes the State and
Secretary. Requires the development of
Private Forest Landscape-Scale
performance metrics to measure the
Restoration Fund to administer
results of the program. Authorizes the
program funds and authorizes the fund
program to receive $10 mil ion annually
to receive $20 mil ion annually through
through FY2023, subject to
annually through FY2023, subject to appropriations.
appropriations. (§8104)
(§8101)
Permanently authorizes such sums as
Eliminates permanent authority to
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
necessary to be appropriated to carry
receive annual appropriations of such
out the Forest Legacy Program,
sums as necessary and instead
which was created to protect forests
authorizes the program to receive $35
from conversion to nonforest uses and
CRS-260
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
received average annual appropriations
mil ion annually through FY2023, subject
of approximately $59 mil ion from
to appropriations. (§8102)
FY2014 through FY2018. (16 U.S.C. 2103c)
Permanently authorizes such sums as
Eliminates permanent authority to
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
necessary to be appropriated to carry
receive annual appropriations of such
out the Community Forest and
sums as necessary and instead
Open Space Conservation program.
authorizes the program to receive $5
The program provides financial
mil ion annually through FY2023, subject
assistance to local governments,
to appropriations. (§8103)
(§8101)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8102)
|
Permanently authorizes such sums as necessary to be appropriated to carry out the Forest Legacy Program, which was created to protect forests from conversion to nonforest uses and received average annual appropriations of approximately $59 million from FY2014 through FY2018. (16 U.S.C. 2103c)
|
Eliminates permanent authority to receive annual appropriations of such sums as necessary and instead authorizes the program to receive $35 million annually through FY2023, subject to appropriations. (§8102)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Permanently authorizes such sums as necessary to be appropriated to carry out the Community Forest and Open Space Conservation program. The program provides financial assistance to local governments, federally recognized Indian tribes, and nonprofit organizations to establish community forests by acquiring and protecting private forests threatened by conversion to nonforest uses. It received an average of $2.4 million mil ion annually in appropriations between FY2014 and FY2018. (16 U.S.C. 2103d)
Subtitle B—Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Research Act of 1978
Authorizes a Wood Fiber Recycling
No comparable provision.
Repeals the Recycling Research
Identical to the Senate provision.
Research program and authorized
program. (§8201)
(§8201)
appropriations up to $10 mil ion 2103d)
|
Eliminates permanent authority to receive annual appropriations of such sums as necessary and instead authorizes the program to receive $5 million annually through FY2023, subject to appropriations. (§8103)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Subtitle B—Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Research Act of 1978
|
Authorizes a Wood Fiber Recycling Research program and authorized appropriations up to $10 million annually through FY1996. (16 U.S.C. 1648)
Authorizes a Forestry Student
No comparable provision.
Repeals the Forestry Student Grant
Identical to the Senate provision.
Grant program to assist minority and
program. (§8202)
(§8202)
1648)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Repeals the Recycling Research program. (§8201)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8201)
|
Authorizes a Forestry Student Grant program to assist minority and female undergraduate and graduate students and authorizes appropriations of such sums as may be necessary without a sunset date. (16 U.S.C. 1649)
Subtitle C—Global Climate Change Prevention Act of 1990
CRS-261
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture,
No comparable provision.
Removes the specification for the
Identical to the Senate provision.
upon an agreement with the Secretary
agreement to manage for biomass
(§8301)
of Defense, to study and develop a
growth and carbon sequestration and
program to manage forests for biomass
authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture,
growth and carbon sequestration on
upon an agreement with the Secretary
military installations. (7 U.S.C. 6708)
1649)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Repeals the Forestry Student Grant program. (§8202)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8202)
|
Subtitle C—Global Climate Change Prevention Act of 1990
|
Authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture, upon an agreement with the Secretary of Defense, to study and develop a program to manage forests for biomass growth and carbon sequestration on military installations. (7 U.S.C. 6708)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Removes the specification for the agreement to manage for biomass growth and carbon sequestration and authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture, upon an agreement with the Secretary of Defense, to develop a program to manage forests and lands on military installations. (§8302)
Authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture,
No comparable provision.
Repeals the Biomass Energy
Identical to the Senate provision.
in consultation with the Secretary of
Demonstration Project program.
(§8301)
installations. (§8302)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8301)
|
Authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy, to carry out Biomass Energy Energy, to carry out Biomass Energy
(§8301)
Demonstration Project program to demonstrate the potential of short-rotation silvicultural methods to produce wood for energy. (7 U.S.C. 6709)
6709)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Repeals the Biomass Energy Demonstration Project program. (§8301)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8301)
|
Subtitle D—Subtitle D—Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003
|
Directs the Secretary to develop an
Encourages the Secretary to use any
Authorizes appropriations up to $20
Identical to the Senate provision.
annual program of work which
funds appropriated for hazardous fuels
mil ion annually through FY2023 to
(§8401, §8402)
prioritizes hazardous fuel reduction
reduction activities in excess of $300
provide financial assistance grants to
projects on NFS that would protect at-
mil ion annually for cross-boundary
states for cross-boundary hazardous
risk communities that have developed a
hazardous fuel reduction projects on
fuels reduction projects. Reduces the
community wildfire protection plan
federal and nonfederal land. Also
authorization of appropriations for
(CWPP) and encourages the Secretary
encourages the Secretary to use up to
hazardous fuel reduction activities to
to allocate funding for assistance
$20 mil ion or 20% of any excess funds
$660 mil ion annually through FY2023.
programs to prioritize hazardous fuel
appropriated annually to provide
(§8401, §8402)
reduction projects recommended by
financial assistance grants to states to
those communities. Defines the wildland implement hazardous fuel reduction urban interface (WUI) as an area within, projects on nonfederal land. Further adjacent, or within 0.5 mile to a
directs the Secretary to use any excess
community identified as at-risk for
funds to support cross-boundary
large-scale wildland fire disturbance
hazardous fuel reduction projects using
event in a CWPP. Authorizes up to
existing authorities to cooperate or
$760 mil ion annually in appropriations
provide technical and financial assistance
for hazardous fuel reduction activities
to states and authorizes the Secretary
on federal and nonfederal land and
CRS-262
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
specifies that at least 50% of the funds
to allocate some of the excess funds for
should be allocated to projects on
GNA projects. (§8332)
federal lands within the WUI. (16 U.S.C. 6511, 6513, 6518)
Specifies that, at a national level, at least
No comparable provision.
Directs the Secretary to prioritize
No comparable provision.
50% of the funds for hazardous fuels
hazardous fuels funding for projects
reduction should be allocated to
within the WUI to the maximum extent
projects on federal lands within the
possible. (§8625)
WUI. (16 U.S.C. 6513)
Authorizes the Secretary to provide
No comparable provision.
Repeals the Biomass Commercial
Identical to the Senate provision.
financial assistance to offset the cost of
Utilization Program. (§8403)
(§8403)
Directs the Secretary to develop an annual program of work which prioritizes hazardous fuel reduction projects on NFS that would protect at-risk communities that have developed a community wildfire protection plan (CWPP) and encourages the Secretary to allocate funding for assistance programs to prioritize hazardous fuel reduction projects recommended by those communities. Defines the wildland urban interface (WUI) as an area within, adjacent, or within 0.5 mile to a community identified as at-risk for large-scale wildland fire disturbance event in a CWPP. Authorizes up to $760 million annually in appropriations for hazardous fuel reduction activities on federal and nonfederal land and specifies that at least 50% of the funds should be allocated to projects on federal lands within the WUI. (16 U.S.C. 6511, 6513, 6518)
|
Encourages the Secretary to use any funds appropriated for hazardous fuels reduction activities in excess of $300 million annually for cross-boundary hazardous fuel reduction projects on federal and nonfederal land. Also encourages the Secretary to use up to $20 million or 20% of any excess funds appropriated annually to provide financial assistance grants to states to implement hazardous fuel reduction projects on nonfederal land. Further directs the Secretary to use any excess funds to support cross-boundary hazardous fuel reduction projects using existing authorities to cooperate or provide technical and financial assistance to states and authorizes the Secretary to allocate some of the excess funds for GNA projects. (§8332)
|
Authorizes appropriations up to $20 million annually through FY2023 to provide financial assistance grants to states for cross-boundary hazardous fuels reduction projects. Reduces the authorization of appropriations for hazardous fuel reduction activities to $660 million annually through FY2023. (§8401, §8402)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8401, §8402)
|
Specifies that, at a national level, at least 50% of the funds for hazardous fuels reduction should be allocated to projects on federal lands within the WUI. (16 U.S.C. 6513)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Directs the Secretary to prioritize hazardous fuels funding for projects within the WUI to the maximum extent possible. (§8625)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Authorizes the Secretary to provide financial assistance to offset the cost of biomass for owners or operators of facilities which use biomass for as a raw material to produce energy. The Biomass Commercial Utilization Program was authorized up to $5 millionmil ion in appropriations annually through FY2008. (16 U.S.C. 6531)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Authorizes the Secretary to establish a
Identical to the Senate provision.
water source protection program
(§8404)
through FY2008. (16 U.S.C. 6531)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Repeals the Biomass Commercial Utilization Program. (§8403)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8403)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Authorizes the Secretary to establish a water source protection program on NFS land. Watershed restoration or protection projects proposed under a water source management plan must be consistent with the forest plan and any required environmental analyses may be conducted through a single analysis. Authorizes the Secretary to accept cash or in-kind donations from specified nonfederal partners. Authorizes $10 millionmil ion in annual appropriations through FY2023. (§8404)
The Forest Service developed a
No comparable provision.
Requires the Secretary to establish a
Identical to the Senate provision.
Watershed Condition Framework to
Watershed Condition Framework
(§8405)
classify watershed conditions across the
for NFS land. Under the framework, the
NFS, identify priority watersheds, and
FY2023. (§8404)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8404)
|
The Forest Service developed a Watershed Condition Framework to classify watershed conditions across the NFS, identify priority watersheds, and develop restoration action plans in 2011.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires the Secretary to establish a Watershed Condition Framework for NFS land. Under the framework, the Secretary is required to identify up to 5 priority watersheds in each national
CRS-263
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
develop restoration action plans in
forest (and 2 in each national grassland)
2011.
and develop an action plan, in coordination with interested nonfederal landowners and other governments, to prioritize protection and restoration activities. Authorizes an emergency designation process if wildfire has significantly impacted a watershed (§8405)
Authorizes such sums as necessary from No comparable provision.
Removes the authorization for
Identical to the Senate provision.
FY2004 through FY2008, subject to
appropriations and specifies that the
(§8406)
annual appropriations, for rapid forest
authority terminates in FY2023.
insect and disease assessments on
(§8406)
significantly impacted a watershed (§8405)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8405)
|
Authorizes such sums as necessary from FY2004 through FY2008, subject to annual appropriations, for rapid forest insect and disease assessments on federal and nonfederal lands (16 U.S.C. 6556)
Establishes the Healthy Forests
Expands the purposes, eligibility
Similar to House provision, except for
Identical to the House provision.
6556)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Removes the authorization for appropriations and specifies that the authority terminates in FY2023. (§8406)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8406)
|
Establishes the Healthy Forests Reserve Program (HFRP) to assist private and tribal landowners in restoring and enhancing forest ecosystems using 10-year agreements, 30-year contracts, 30-year easements, and permanent easements for the purposes of species recovery, improving biodiversity, and enhancing carbon sequestration as outlined in restoration plans. Authorizes appropriations for HFRP of $12 million annually through FY2018. (16 U.S.C. 6571-6578)
|
Expands the purposes, eligibility requirements, and enrollment priorities of the program to include species recovery and habitat conservation considerations. Authorizes federally recognized Indian tribes to sell permanent easements on lands they own in fee simple. Specifies that restoration plans may include a variety of land management practices if necessary to achieve habitat restoration objectives. Reauthorizes HFRP at the to assist
requirements, and enrol ment priorities
the inclusion of practices to improve
(§8407(a))
private and tribal landowners in
of the program to include species
biological diversity or to increase
restoring and enhancing forest
recovery and habitat conservation
carbon sequestration in the definition of
ecosystems using 10-year agreements,
considerations. Authorizes federally
practices, and measures required in the
30-year contracts, 30-year easements,
recognized Indian tribes to sell
restoration plan. (§2426, §8407)
and permanent easements for the
permanent easements on lands they
purposes of species recovery, improving own in fee simple. Specifies that biodiversity, and enhancing carbon
restoration plans may include a variety
sequestration as outlined in restoration
of land management practices if
plans. Authorizes appropriations for
necessary to achieve habitat restoration
HFRP of $12 mil ion annually through
objectives. Reauthorizes HFRP at the
FY2018. (16 U.S.C. 6571-6578)
current authorized level through FY2023, subject to appropriations. (§8107(a))
|
Similar to House provision, except for the inclusion of practices to improve biological diversity or to increase carbon sequestration in the definition of practices, and measures required in the restoration plan. (§2426, §8407)
|
Identical to the House provision. (§8407(a))
|
Authorizes the Secretary, upon request from the Governor, to designate landscape-scale insect and disease treatment areas on at least one national forest within the state. Designated areas must be experiencing substantially increased tree mortality or dieback due to insect or disease
Authorizes the Secretary, upon request
Adds invasive vegetation to the
No comparable provision.
Similar to the House provision except
from the Governor, to designate
definition of a forest that is experiencing
does not add invasive vegetation to the
landscape-scale insect and disease
declining forest health, adds hazardous
definition of declining forest health and
treatment areas on at least one
fuels reduction projects as a priority
authorizes the use of the procedures
national forest within the state.
project category, and permanently
intended to expedite priority projects
Designated areas must be experiencing
authorizes the use of the procedures
through FY2023. (§8407(b))
CRS-264
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
substantially increased tree mortality or
intended to expedite priority projects.
dieback due to insect or disease
(§8107(b), §8109)
infestations. Authorizes the use of procedures intended to expedite the environmental analysis, administrative review, and judicial review for specified priority forest health projects within designated areas through FY2018. (16 U.S.C. 6591a)
Authorizes appropriations up to $200
No comparable provision.
Removes the authorization of
Identical to the Senate provision.
mil ion annually through FY2024 for the
appropriations for the insect and
(§8408)
insect and disease treatment areas on
disease treatment areas. (§8408)
U.S.C. 6591a)
|
Adds invasive vegetation to the definition of a forest that is experiencing declining forest health, adds hazardous fuels reduction projects as a priority project category, and permanently authorizes the use of the procedures intended to expedite priority projects. (§8107(b), §8109)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to the House provision except does not add invasive vegetation to the definition of declining forest health and authorizes the use of the procedures intended to expedite priority projects through FY2023. (§8407(b))
|
Authorizes appropriations up to $200 million annually through FY2024 for the insect and disease treatment areas on NFS lands. The program has never received appropriations although the program has been implemented using other authorized funding sources. (16 U.S.C. 6591a(f))
Categorically excludes (CE) priority
Expands the availability of the NEPA
Requires the Secretary to apply the
No comparable provision.
projects from the requirements to
categorical exclusion (CE) to projects
extraordinary circumstances
produce an environmental assessment
up to 6,000 acres and to projects
procedures under 36 C.F.R. Part 220.6
or environmental impact statement
located in areas classified as Condition
when using the insect and disease
under the National Environmental
Class 2 or 3 in Fire Regimes IV and V.
treatment CE. (§8409, see also §8611
Policy Act (NEPA, P.L. 91-109) if the
(§8107(b)-(c), §8321)
below)
project was: developed through a col aborativeU.S.C. 6591a(f))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Removes the authorization of appropriations for the insect and disease treatment areas. (§8408)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8408)
|
Categorically excludes (CE) priority projects from the requirements to produce an environmental assessment or environmental impact statement under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA, P.L. 91-109) if the project was: developed through a collaborative process; maximizes the retention of old-growth and large trees to the extent practicable; considers best available science; is located within designated insect and disease treatment areas and either the WUI or in areas classified as Condition Class 2 or 3 in Fire Regime groups I, II, or III; and involves less than 3,000 acres. (16 U.S.C. 6591a-6591b)
Subtitle E—Repeal or Reauthorization of Miscellaneous Forestry Provisions
CRS-265
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
The 2014 farm bil required the
No comparable provision.
Repeals the requirement to revise the
Identical to the Senate provision.
Secretary to revise the strategic plan
forest inventory and analysis strategic
(§8501)
for forest inventory and analysis
plan. (§8501)
U.S.C. 6591a-6591b)
|
Expands the availability of the NEPA categorical exclusion (CE) to projects up to 6,000 acres and to projects located in areas classified as Condition Class 2 or 3 in Fire Regimes IV and V. (§8107(b)-(c), §8321)
|
Requires the Secretary to apply the extraordinary circumstances procedures under 36 C.F.R. Part 220.6 when using the insect and disease treatment CE. (§8409, see also §8611 below)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Subtitle E—Repeal or Reauthorization of Miscellaneous Forestry Provisions
|
The 2014 farm bill required the Secretary to revise the strategic plan for forest inventory and analysis within 180 days of enactment (16 U.S.C. 1642 note)
The 2014 farm bil established a
No comparable provision.
Eliminates permanent authority to
Identical to the Senate provision.
semiarid agroforestry research
receive annual appropriations and
(§8502)
center in Lincoln, NE and authorizes
instead authorizes the program to
appropriations of $5 mil ion annually
receive $5 mil ion in annual
(16 U.S.C. 1642 note)
appropriations through FY2023. (§8502)
The National Forest Foundation Act
Reauthorizes the Secretary’s authority
Identical to the House provision.
Identical to the House provision.
authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture
to provide matching funds for NFF
(§8503)
(§8503)
to provide matching funds to the
administrative expenses and
National Forest Foundation (NFF)
appropriations at the current
for administrative expenses through
authorized level of $3 mil ion through
FY2018. Section 410(b) authorizes $3
FY2023. (§8108)
mil ionU.S.C. 1642 note)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Repeals the requirement to revise the forest inventory and analysis strategic plan. (§8501)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8501)
|
The 2014 farm bill established a semiarid agroforestry research center in Lincoln, NE and authorizes appropriations of $5 million annually (16 U.S.C. 1642 note)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Eliminates permanent authority to receive annual appropriations and instead authorizes the program to receive $5 million in annual appropriations through FY2023. (§8502)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8502)
|
The National Forest Foundation Act authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to provide matching funds to the National Forest Foundation (NFF) for administrative expenses through FY2018. Section 410(b) authorizes $3 million in annual appropriations through FY2018 to provide matching funds for the NFF. (16 U.S.C. 583j)
The Facility Realignment and
No comparable provision.
Reauthorizes the program from FY2019
Identical to the Senate provision.
Enhancement Act established the Forest
through FY2023. (§8504)
(§8504)
the NFF. (16 U.S.C. 583j)
|
Reauthorizes the Secretary's authority to provide matching funds for NFF administrative expenses and appropriations at the current authorized level of $3 million through FY2023. (§8108)
|
Identical to the House provision. (§8503)
|
Identical to the House provision. (§8503)
|
The Facility Realignment and Enhancement Act established the Forest Service Facility Realignment and Enhancement program to authorize the conveyance of administrative sites or up to 10 undeveloped parcels of up to 40 acres of NFS land. Authorization expired FY2016. (16 U.S.C. 580d note)
Subtitle F—Forest Management
Part I. Expedited Environmental Analysis and Availability of Categorical Exclusions to Expedite Forest Management activities
FS regulations implementing NEPA
No comparable provision.
Directs the Secretary of Agriculture, for Similar to the Senate provision except
provide for extraordinary circumstances
NFS lands, and the Secretary of the
projects may be up to 4,500 acres.
in which an action that would normally
Interior, for the public lands managed by (§8611)
CRS-266
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
be covered by a CE may have the
the Bureau of Land Management (BLM),
potential for a significant environmental
to establish a CE for specified projects
effect and require additional analysis and
note)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Reauthorizes the program from FY2019 through FY2023. (§8504)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8504)
|
Subtitle F—Forest Management
|
Part I. Expedited Environmental Analysis and Availability of Categorical Exclusions to Expedite Forest Management activities
|
FS regulations implementing NEPA provide for extraordinary circumstances in which an action that would normally be covered by a CE may have the potential for a significant environmental effect and require additional analysis and action through an environmental assessment or environmental impact statement. FS identified extraordinary circumstances to include the potential for an effect of the proposed action on certain resource conditions (e.g., presence of federally protected species or habitat, wetlands, cultural or archaeological sites) within the project area. (36 C.F.R. Part 220.6(b))
BLM regulations implementing NEPA also provide for extraordinary circumstances to preclude the use of a CE for certain projects, although the conditions differ slightly from those for the FS. For example, BLM includes the potential for a project to introduce nonnative species or have a disproportionate effect on low income or minority populations, among others. (43 C.F.R. Part 46.215)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Directs the Secretary of Agriculture, for NFS lands, and the Secretary of the Interior, for the public lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), to establish a CE for specified projects of up to 3,000 acres to protect, restore, of up to 3,000 acres to protect, restore,
action through an environmental
or improve habitat for greater sage-
assessment or environmental impact
grouse and/or mule deer habitat
statement. FS identified extraordinary
within one year of enactment. Projects
circumstances to include the potential
must protect, restore, or improve
for an effect of the proposed action on
habitat for either species, or
certain resource conditions (e.g.,
concurrently for both species if the
presence of federally protected species
project is located in both mule deer and
or habitat, wetlands, cultural or
sage-grouse habitat. Projects must be
archaeological sites) within the project
consistent with the existing resource
area. (36 C.F.R. Part 220.6(b))
management plan and may not occur in
BLM regulations implementing NEPA
designated wilderness areas, wilderness
also provide for extraordinary
study areas, inventoried roadless areas,
circumstances to preclude the use of a
or any area where the removal of
CE for certain projects, although the
vegetation is restricted or prohibited.
conditions differ slightly from those for
Projects may not include any new
the FS. For example, BLM includes the
permanent roads, but may repair
potential for a project to introduce
existing permanent roads. Temporary
nonnative species or have a
roads shall be decommissioned within
disproportionate effect on low income
three years of project completion, or
or minority populations, among others.
when no longer needed. Directs each
(43 C.F.R. Part 46.215)
within one year of enactment. Projects must protect, restore, or improve habitat for either species, or concurrently for both species if the project is located in both mule deer and sage-grouse habitat. Projects must be consistent with the existing resource management plan and may not occur in designated wilderness areas, wilderness study areas, inventoried roadless areas, or any area where the removal of vegetation is restricted or prohibited. Projects may not include any new permanent roads, but may repair existing permanent roads. Temporary roads shall be decommissioned within three years of project completion, or when no longer needed. Directs each agency to apply its respective extraordinary circumstances procedures in determining whether to use the CE. On NFS lands, projects may only occur within designated insect and disease treatment areas (see above section). (§8601, §8611)
No comparable provision.
Defines relevant terms and specifies
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
section). (§8601, §8611)
|
Similar to the Senate provision except projects may be up to 4,500 acres. (§8611)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Defines relevant terms and specifies that the Secretary concerned refers to the Secretary of Agriculture for NFS lands or the Secretary of the Interior for the public lands. Excludes from the authorities established in the subtitle NFS or public lands that are designated
CRS-267
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
wilderness areas, inventoried roadless areas except under specific conditions, or lands on which timber harvesting is prohibited by law. (§8301, §8302)
The Endangered Species Act (ESA, P.L.
Provides for an expedited ESA
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
prohibited by law. (§8301, §8302)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
The Endangered Species Act (ESA, P.L. 93-205) requires consultation with the 93-205) requires consultation with the
consultation for forest management
Secretary of the Interior to determine if
activities carried out under this subtitle
a federal action may adversely impact a
on NFS or public lands or, if the
species⎯or its habitat⎯listed as
Secretary concerned determines that
endangered or threatened. (16 U.S.C.
Secretary of the Interior to determine if a federal action may adversely impact a speciesor its habitatlisted as endangered or threatened. (16 U.S.C. 1536)
|
Provides for an expedited ESA consultation for forest management activities carried out under this subtitle on NFS or public lands or, if the Secretary concerned determines that the activity is not likely to adversely the activity is not likely to adversely
1536)
affect a listed species or designated critical habitat, removes the requirement for consultation. (§8303)
No comparable provision.
Authorizes the Secretary to choose
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
requirement for consultation. (§8303)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Authorizes the Secretary to choose which categorical exclusion (CE) to use if a forest management activity on NFS or public lands qualifies for multiple CEs under this subtitle. (§8304)
No comparable provision.
Establishes a CE for projects up to
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
under this subtitle. (§8304)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Establishes a CE for projects up to 6,000 acres and for any combination of addressing an insect or disease infestation; reducing hazardous fuel loads; protecting a municipal water source; maintaining, enhancing, or modifying critical habitat to protect it from catastrophic disturbances; or increasing water yield on NFS or public lands. (§8311)
No comparable provision.
Establishes a CE for projects to prevent
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
lands. (§8311)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Establishes a CE for projects to prevent wildfire as a result of a catastrophic event or to use and generate revenue from the sale of forest products impacted by a catastrophic event on NFS or public lands, subject to a maximum project size of 6,000 acres
CRS-268
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
and a requirement to prepare a reforestation plan. (§8312)
No comparable provision.
Establishes a CE for projects up to
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
reforestation plan. (§8312)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Establishes a CE for projects up to 6,000 acres to improve, enhance, or create early successional forests for wildlife habitat improvement and other purposes on NFS or public lands. Projects should maximize production and regeneration of priority species. (§8313)
No comparable provision.
Establishes a CE for projects to remove
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
(§8313)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Establishes a CE for projects to remove hazardous trees to protect public health or safety, water supply, or public infrastructure on NFS or public lands. (§8314)
No comparable provision.
Establishes a CE for forest restoration
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
(§8314)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Establishes a CE for forest restoration or improvement projects up to 6,000 acres to reduce the risk of wildfire on NFS or public lands, including the removal of specified vegetation, including conifer trees, through livestock grazing, prescribed burns, and mechanical treatments; performance of hazardous fuels management; creation of fuel and fire breaks; modification of fences for livestock grazing; installation of erosion control devices; construction and maintenance of livestock grazing infrastructure; various specified soil treatments; and use of herbicides in accordance with applicable land and resource management plan and agency procedures. (§8315)
No comparable provision.
Establishes a CE for projects up to
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
procedures. (§8315)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Establishes a CE for projects up to 6,000 acres to improve forest resiliency, reduce hazardous fuels, or improve
CRS-269
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
wildlife and aquatic habitat on NFS or public lands, including timber, salvage, and regeneration harvests; prescribed burning; stream restoration and erosion control; and road and trail decommissioning activities. Projects may include permanent roads up to three miles or temporary roads for up to three years. (§8316)
No comparable provision.
Establishes a CE for projects on NFS
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
three years. (§8316)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Establishes a CE for projects on NFS lands to construct, reconstruct, or decommission NFS roads up to three miles; reclassify or add NFS roads; reconstruct, rehabilitate, or decommission bridges; remove dams; or maintain facilities through the use of pesticides according to federal and state requirements. (§8317)
No comparable provision.
Establishes a CE for projects to operate, No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
requirements. (§8317)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Establishes a CE for projects to operate, maintain, modify, reconstruct, or decommission existing developed recreation sites on NFS lands, including activities related to facility and site maintenance and road and trail construction, reconstruction, maintenance or decommissioning, subject to a maximum of three miles for permanent roads or three years for temporary roads. (§8318)
No comparable provision.
Establishes a CE for projects on NFS
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
temporary roads. (§8318)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Establishes a CE for projects on NFS lands to construct, reconstruct, maintain, decommission, relocate, or dispose of an administrative site. Projects may include road and trail construction, reconstruction, or maintenance activities, subject to a
CRS-270
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
maximum of three miles for permanent roads or three years for temporary roads. (§8319)
No comparable provision.
Establishes a CE for projects on NFS
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
roads. (§8319)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Establishes a CE for projects on NFS lands to issue new special use authorizations or renew or modify existing or expired special use authorizations for the use or occupancy of NFS lands under certain specified conditions. Specifies that the Secretary of Agriculture is not required to prepare a project file for such actions. (§8320)
No comparable provision.
Prohibits the Forest Service from
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
(§8320)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Prohibits the Forest Service from considering certain criteria when considering if extraordinary circumstances exist that would potentially require further review and documentation under NEPA than would normally be required under a CE, such as wilderness designations, sensitive species, cumulative impacts, threatened or endangered species, or critical habitat. Eliminates the requirements to prepare an environmental impact statement for activities that would substantially alter a potential wilderness area. Directs the Forest Service to initiate rulemaking to implement these procedures within 60 days of enactment and issue final regulations within 120 days of enactment. (§8503)
No comparable provision.
Requires the Secretary of Agriculture or No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
days of enactment. (§8503)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires the Secretary of Agriculture or the Secretary of the Interior to consider only the proposed action and no-action alternative while preparing an
CRS-271
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
environmental assessment pursuant to NEPA for a forest management activity that is: developed through a collaborativecol aborative process; proposed by a RAC; on lands identified as suitable for timber production; within areas designated as insect and disease treatment areas under HFRA; or covered by a community wildfire protection plan. (§8335)
No comparable provision.
Requires the Secretary of Agriculture or No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
protection plan. (§8335)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires the Secretary of Agriculture or the Secretary of the Interior to complete the environmental assessment for a salvage operation or reforestation activity within 60 days after the conclusion of a catastrophic event with specified time frames for public scoping, comments, and objections. Prohibits federal courts from issuing restraining orders or injunctions for any salvage operation or reforestation activity in response to a large-scale catastrophic event. (§8334)
No comparable provision.
Directs any court reviewing a forest
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
large-scale catastrophic event. (§8334)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Directs any court reviewing a forest management activity as an agency action to balance the short- and long-term effects of undertaking and not undertaking the action when considering a request for an injunction. (§8336)
Part II. Miscellaneous Forest Management Activities
Authorizes the Secretary to sell,
No comparable provision.
Increases the maximum value of lands
Identical to the Senate provision.
exchange, or interchange NFS lands for
eligible for disposal to $500,000. Adds
(§8621)
lands of equal value or cash payment
additional purposes for the Secretary to
and to dispose of small tracts of NFS
dispose of NFS lands: parcels which are
CRS-272
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
land, through sale or exchange, of up to
isolated, inaccessible, or have lost NFS
$150,000 in value, to improve
character (40 acres maximum), relieve
management efficiencies where NFS
encroachments due to unintentionally
lands are interspersed with nonfederal
erroneous surveys (10 acres maximum),
mineral rights owners (40 acres
or parcels which are used as a
maximum), relieve encroachments due
cemetery, landfil , or for sewage
to erroneous surveys (10 acres
treatment under a special use
maximum), or dispose of unneeded
authorization (no maximum specified).
federal rights-of-way surrounded by
Specifies that proceeds are to be
nonfederal lands (no specified acreage
deposited into the Sisk Fund (as
limitation). Does not specify the
established by 16 U.S.C. 484a) and used
disposition or use of sale proceeds. (16
for acquisition of land for administrative
U.S.C. 521d and 521e)
(§8336)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Part II. Miscellaneous Forest Management Activities
|
Authorizes the Secretary to sell, exchange, or interchange NFS lands for lands of equal value or cash payment and to dispose of small tracts of NFS land, through sale or exchange, of up to $150,000 in value, to improve management efficiencies where NFS lands are interspersed with nonfederal mineral rights owners (40 acres maximum), relieve encroachments due to erroneous surveys (10 acres maximum), or dispose of unneeded federal rights-of-way surrounded by nonfederal lands (no specified acreage limitation). Does not specify the disposition or use of sale proceeds. (16 U.S.C. 521d and 521e)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Increases the maximum value of lands eligible for disposal to $500,000. Adds additional purposes for the Secretary to dispose of NFS lands: parcels which are isolated, inaccessible, or have lost NFS character (40 acres maximum), relieve encroachments due to unintentionally erroneous surveys (10 acres maximum), or parcels which are used as a cemetery, landfill, or for sewage treatment under a special use authorization (no maximum specified). Specifies that proceeds are to be deposited into the Sisk Fund (as established by 16 U.S.C. 484a) and used for acquisition of land for administrative sites in the state from which the amounts were derived, for acquisitions to enhance recreational access, or to reimburse costs incurred by other small tract sales. (§8621)
Authorizes the Secretary, through the
No comparable provision.
Terminates the authority at the end of
Identical to the Senate provision.
Chief of the Forest Service, to
FY2023. (§8622)
(§8622)
tract sales. (§8621)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8621)
|
Authorizes the Secretary, through the Chief of the Forest Service, to participate in the Agriculture Conservation Experienced Services Program to provide technical services for conservation-related programs on NFS lands. (16 U.S.C. 3851a)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Authorizes the Secretary to lease
Identical to the Senate provision.
3851a)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Terminates the authority at the end of FY2023. (§8622)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8622)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Authorizes the Secretary to lease administrative sites on up to ten administrative sites on up to ten
(§8623)
isolated, undeveloped parcels of up to 40 acres each per fiscal year, through FY2023. Requires the Secretary to consult with local and state government officials and provide public notice of the proposed lease, and to provide the local or county government the right of first refusal on the lease. The lease must be for market value, but may be paid in cash or in-kind considerations.
CRS-273
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Authorizes the Secretary to retain any cash consideration and use for other leases or management of administrative sites. Excludes areas such as designated wilderness and national monuments, among others. Requires the Secretary to submit a list of anticipated and executed leases to Congress annually. (§8623)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8623)
|
Permanently authorizes the Forest Service and BLM to enter into Good Neighbor Agreements (GNAs) with states to perform authorized forest restoration activities on NFS or public lands and nonfederal land. (16 U.S.C. 2113a)
|
Expands the availability of GNAs to include federally recognized Indian tribes and county governments. (§8331)
|
Similar to the House provision, except specifies that proceeds from GNAs are not considered monies received from the NFS, and thus not subject to any applicable revenue-sharing laws. (§8624)
|
Same as Senate provision but also specifies that through FY2023, funds received by the state through the sale of timber shall be retained and used by the state on additional GNA projects. (§8624)
|
Authorizes the Secretary to exchange NFS lands for nonfederal land of equal value and in the same state, if it serves the public interest. Cash equalization payments of up to 25% are authorized if the land values are not equal. (43 U.S.C. 1716(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Authorizes the Secretary to sell or exchange 30 tracts of NFS land in the Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forest in Georgia, totaling 3,841 acres and identified on maps, for disposal at market value. Authorizes cash
Permanently authorizes the Forest
Expands the availability of GNAs to
Similar to the House provision, except
Same as Senate provision but also
Service and BLM to enter into Good
include federally recognized Indian
specifies that proceeds from GNAs are
specifies that through FY2023, funds
Neighbor Agreements (GNAs) with
tribes and county governments.
not considered monies received from
received by the state through the sale of
states to perform authorized forest
(§8331)
the NFS, and thus not subject to any
timber shall be retained and used by the
restoration activities on NFS or public
applicable revenue-sharing laws.
state on additional GNA projects.
lands and nonfederal land. (16 U.S.C.
(§8624)
(§8624)
2113a)
Authorizes the Secretary to exchange
No comparable provision.
Authorizes the Secretary to sell or
Identical to the Senate provision.
NFS lands for nonfederal land of equal
exchange 30 tracts of NFS land in the
(§8625)
value and in the same state, if it serves
Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forest
the public interest. Cash equalization
in Georgia, totaling 3,841 acres and
payments of up to 25% are authorized if
identified on maps, for disposal at
the land values are not equal. (43
market value. Authorizes cash
U.S.C. 1716(b))
equalization payment above 25% and specifies that proceeds are to be used for acquisition of NFS land in the state. (§8626)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8625)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Designates the Upper Bald River
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Designates the Upper Bald River
Identical to the Senate provision.
Wilderness and adds land to the Big
(§8626)
Frog, Little Frog, Sampson Mountain, Big Laurel Branch, and Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock Wilderness areas on NFS lands in Tennessee. (§8627)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Authorizes the conveyance of specified
Identical to the Senate provision.
lands in Tennessee. (§8627)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8626)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Authorizes the conveyance of specified NFS land in the Kisatchie National NFS land in the Kisatchie National
(§8627)
Forest in Louisiana. Requires the Secretary to first offer the sale to the Collins
CRS-274
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Col ins Camp Properties and authorizes the Secretary to collectcol ect cost-recovery fees from the CollinsCol ins Camp Properties. Requires the CollinsCol ins Camp Properties to administer any existing special use authorizations according to the terms of the permit unless the permit holder agrees to relinquish rights. (§8629)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Directs the Secretary to sell, at
Identical to the Senate provision.
agrees to relinquish rights. (§8629)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8627)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Directs the Secretary to sell, at appraised value, 8.75 acres of land appraised value, 8.75 acres of land
(§8628)
(including improvements) administered by NRCS to the Riverside Corona Resource Conservation District in CA. Specifies that the Secretary is not required to take any remediation or abatement efforts but is required to meet the disclosure requirements under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 and the Solid Waste Disposal Act for hazardous substances, pollutantspol utants, or contaminants. Further authorizes the Secretary to enter into noncompetitive leases, contracts, and cooperative agreements with the Conservation District. (§8630)
Establishes the Collaborative Forest
Reauthorizes the program through
Reauthorizes $80 mil ion annually
Similar to both provisions. Reauthorizes
Landscape Restoration Program
FY2023 at the current funding level and
through FY2023 and adds the House
$80 mil ion annually through FY2023
(CFLRP) to select and fund the
authorizes the Secretary to fund
and Senate Committees on Agriculture
and adds the House and Senate
implementation of col aboratively-
proposals for more than 10 fiscal years
as recipients of the 5-year program
Committees on Agriculture as
developed restoration projects for
(§8509).
status reports. (§8631)
recipients of the five-year program
priority forest landscapes. The priority
status reports. Authorizes the Secretary
forest landscapes must be at least
to issue a waiver to extend an existing
50,000 acres and consist primarily of
project up to an additional 10 years.
Conservation District. (§8630)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8628)
|
Establishes the Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program (CFLRP) to select and fund the implementation of collaboratively-developed restoration projects for priority forest landscapes. The priority forest landscapes must be at least 50,000 acres and consist primarily of NFS lands, but may include other NFS lands, but may include other
(§8629)
federal, state, tribal, or private land within the project area. Only 10
CRS-275
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
proposals may be selected in any given fiscal year, and the Secretary has the discretion to limit the number of proposals selected based on funding availability. Once selected, requires the publication of an annual accomplishments report and submission of 5-year status reports to specified congressional committees. Establishes a fund for to pay for up to 50% of the costs to implement and monitor projects on selected proposals and authorizes up to $40 millionmil ion in annual appropriations to the fund through FY2019. Appropriations to the fund may not be used on project planning and may only fund up to $4 millionmil ion per proposal per year for up to 10 years. The program received $40 million mil ion annually in appropriations between FY2014 and FY2018 and 23 proposals have been selected and funded since the program was established in FY2010. (16 U.S.C. 7301-7304)
No comparable provision.
Establishes a pilot program through
Similar to the House provision, except
Similar to both provisions. Establishes
December 21, 2027, for owners or
authorizes the pilot program through
the pilot program through FY2023 and
operators of rights-of-way (ROW) on
FY2023. Also excludes national
excludes national grasslands and land
NFS land to develop, and implement
grasslands and land utilization projects
utilization projects. Establishes specific
vegetation management plans, subject to from the pilot. (§8632)
requirements for participants to be
approval, and pay for and perform
liable for or reimburse the Forest
projects on specified NFS lands within
Service for the costs of wildfire
and up to 75 feet from the ROW.
suppression and damage to Forest
Establishes that participants in the pilot
Service resources under certain
U.S.C. 7301-7304)
|
Reauthorizes the program through FY2023 at the current funding level and authorizes the Secretary to fund proposals for more than 10 fiscal years (§8509).
|
Reauthorizes $80 million annually through FY2023 and adds the House and Senate Committees on Agriculture as recipients of the 5-year program status reports. (§8631)
|
Similar to both provisions. Reauthorizes $80 million annually through FY2023 and adds the House and Senate Committees on Agriculture as recipients of the five-year program status reports. Authorizes the Secretary to issue a waiver to extend an existing project up to an additional 10 years. (§8629)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Establishes a pilot program through December 21, 2027, for owners or operators of rights-of-way (ROW) on NFS land to develop, and implement vegetation management plans, subject to approval, and pay for and perform projects on specified NFS lands within and up to 75 feet from the ROW. Establishes that participants in the pilot are not liable to the United States for damage proximately caused by a wildfire which was caused by activities conducted pursuant to an approved project, except in specified circumstances. Authorizes the Secretary to waive or modify provisions of the are not liable to the United States for
conditions, including limiting
damage proximately caused by a wildfire
reimbursement costs to up to $500,000
which was caused by activities
in some circumstances. Requires
conducted pursuant to an approved
participants to adhere to Forest Service
CRS-276
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
project, except in specified
and some state regulations regarding
circumstances. Authorizes the Secretary
various fire prevention and vegetation
to waive or modify provisions of the
removal activities. (§8630)
Federal Acquisition Regulation to provide noncompetitive contracts to implement the pilot program. Authorizes the Secretary to contribute funds to approved projects if determined to be in the public interest, and to retain any proceeds from the pilot for program costs. (§8502)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Directs the Secretary to convey 150
Identical to the Senate provision.
pilot for program costs. (§8502)
|
Similar to the House provision, except authorizes the pilot program through FY2023. Also excludes national grasslands and land utilization projects from the pilot. (§8632)
|
Similar to both provisions. Establishes the pilot program through FY2023 and excludes national grasslands and land utilization projects. Establishes specific requirements for participants to be liable for or reimburse the Forest Service for the costs of wildfire suppression and damage to Forest Service resources under certain conditions, including limiting reimbursement costs to up to $500,000 in some circumstances. Requires participants to adhere to Forest Service and some state regulations regarding various fire prevention and vegetation removal activities. (§8630)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Directs the Secretary to convey 150 acres of NFS land in Mississippi to the acres of NFS land in Mississippi to the
(§8631)
Scenic Rivers Development Alliance, upon their request, for cash consideration at fair market value. Authorizes the Secretary to collectcol ect cost recovery fees and retain the sale proceeds. (§8633)
Establishes a program to conduct
No comparable provision.
Requires the Chief of the Forest Service Identical to the Senate provision.
national and state-level inventories of
to find efficiencies in the inventory and
(§8632)
public and private forest lands and
analysis program through improved use
resources (16 (U.S.C. 1642(e))
proceeds. (§8633)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8631)
|
Establishes a program to conduct national and state-level inventories of public and private forest lands and resources (16 (U.S.C. 1642(e))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires the Chief of the Forest Service to find efficiencies in the inventory and analysis program through improved use and integration of remote sensing technologies. The Chief is to partner with state and interested stakeholders. (§12621)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8632)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Authorizes the Secretary, through the
No comparable provision.
Authorizes the Secretary, through the
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Chief of the Forest Service, to convey 1,520 acres of NFS land to the VillageVil age of Santa Clara, NM, upon request, and at fair market value. Authorizes the Secretary to charge cost recovery fees for the conveyance and to collect col ect payment in periodic installments. (§8506)
CRS-277
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
(§8506)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds land to the Rough Mountain and Adds land to the Rough Mountain and
No comparable provision.
Rich Hole Wilderness areas on the George Washington National Forest in Virginia. (§8628)
Part III. Timber Innovation
No comparable provision.
Defines innovative wood product, mass
Identical to the House provision.
Identical to the House provision.
timber, and tall wood building and
(§8641, §8642)
(§8641, §8642)
Virginia. (§8628)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Part III. Timber Innovation
|
No comparable provision.
|
Defines innovative wood product, mass timber, and tall wood building and establishes a research, development, education, and technical assistance program—including a competitive grant program—to facilitate the use of
innovative wood products for building and construction purposes. (§8501)
|
Identical to the House provision. (§8641, §8642)
|
Identical to the House provision. (§8641, §8642)
|
Using existing general authorities, such as the Rural Revitalization Technologies program (7 U.S.C. Section 6601, see below), granted to dispose of hazardous fuels and other wood residues from the NFS and other forest lands in a manner that supports wood energy and wood products markets, FS issued a request for proposals to receive grants or cooperative agreements to substantially expand and accelerate wood energy and wood products markets ("Forest Service Request for Proposals: 2016 Wood Innovations Funding Opportunity"
Using existing general authorities, such
No comparable provision.
Establishes a 50% cost-share Wood
Identical to the Senate provision.
as the Rural Revitalization Technologies
Innovation Grant program to
(§8643)
program (7 U.S.C. Section 6601, see
advance the use of innovative wood
below), granted to dispose of hazardous
products as described in the 2015
fuels and other wood residues from the
request for proposals to expand and
NFS and other forest lands in a manner
accelerate wood energy and wood
that supports wood energy and wood
product markets to support forest
products markets, FS issued a request
management needs on NFS and other
for proposals to receive grants or
forested lands. Specifies that proposals
cooperative agreements to substantially
which use or retrofit sawmil facilities
expand and accelerate wood energy and
located in counties with average annual
wood products markets (“Forest
unemployment above the national
Service Request for Proposals: 2016
average shall be prioritized for funding.
Wood Innovations Funding
(§8643)
Opportunity” (80 Federal Register 63498, October 20, 2015)).
Authorizes financial assistance for
Changes the name to the Community
No comparable provision.
Similar to the House provision, except
communities to plan and install wood
Wood Energy and Wood
specifies additional selection criteria the
energy systems in public buildings and
Innovation Program and expands it
Secretary shall consider for awarding
authorizes appropriations of $5 mil ion
to provide financial assistance for the
the grants, including the extent to which
annually through FY2018. The program
installation of public or private wood
the proposal would displace
energy systems or the construction of
conventional fossil fuel generation,
CRS-278
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
has never received appropriations. (7
manufacturing or processing plants that
minimize emission increases, and
U.S.C. 8113)
use or produce innovative wood
increase delivered thermal efficiency.
October 20, 2015)).
|
No comparable provision.
|
Establishes a 50% cost-share Wood Innovation Grant program to advance the use of innovative wood products as described in the 2015 request for proposals to expand and accelerate wood energy and wood product markets to support forest management needs on NFS and other forested lands. Specifies that proposals which use or retrofit sawmill facilities located in counties with average annual unemployment above the national average shall be prioritized for funding. (§8643)
|
Identical to the Senate provision. (§8643)
|
Authorizes financial assistance for communities to plan and install wood energy systems in public buildings and authorizes appropriations of $5 million annually through FY2018. The program has never received appropriations. (7 U.S.C. 8113)
|
Changes the name to the Community Wood Energy and Wood Innovation Program and expands it to provide financial assistance for the installation of public or private wood energy systems or the construction of manufacturing or processing plants that use or produce innovative wood products, including mass timber. Cost-products, including mass timber. Cost-
(§8644)
share grants may cover up to 35% of the capital cost for installing a community wood energy system or building an innovative wood product facility, capped at a total of $1 million, mil ion, or up to 50% if special circumstances, as established by the Secretary, apply, such as if the project involves a school or hospital in a low-income community, capped at a total of $1.5 millionmil ion. A maximum of 25% of the annual grant funds may go to projects proposing innovative wood products facilities. Specifies criteria the Secretary shall consider for awarding the grants. Authorizes the program to receive $25 millionmil ion annually through FY2023, subject to appropriations. (§8106)
Subtitle G—Other Matters
Authorizes up to $5 mil ion annually
Reauthorizes the program at the
No comparable provision.
Identical to the House provision.
through FY2018 for the Rural
current authorized level of up to $5
(§8701)
Revitalization Technologies
mil ion annually through FY2023.
program to provide technical and
(§8105)
to appropriations. (§8106)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to the House provision, except specifies additional selection criteria the Secretary shall consider for awarding the grants, including the extent to which the proposal would displace conventional fossil fuel generation, minimize emission increases, and increase delivered thermal efficiency. (§8644)
|
Subtitle G—Other Matters
|
Authorizes up to $5 million annually through FY2018 for the Rural Revitalization Technologies program to provide technical and financial assistance to facilitate biomass and other small-diameter wood product development and use, specifically for small-scale or community-based business enterprises. The program is funded through allocations from FS's ’s hazardous fuels management program. (7 U.S.C. 6601(d)(2))
Establishes local Resource Advisory
Extends the authorization for RACs
No comparable provision.
Similar to the House provision except
Committees (RACs) to coordinate,
through FY2023 and reduces the
establishes a process for the Secretary
CRS-279
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
review, and recommend projects under
membership requirement to nine
to modify the RAC membership
Title II of the Secure Rural Schools and
members, with three members
requirements and establishes a pilot
Self-Determination Act of 2000 (SRS,
representing the specified community
program, through FY2023, for the
P.L. 106-393) to the Secretary of
interests. Restricts membership to the
Secretary to designate a regional
Agriculture to implement on NFS lands
county or adjacent counties within the
forester to appoint RAC members in
and the Secretary of the Interior to
RAC jurisdiction. Authorizes the
Montana and Arizona. (§8702)
implement on certain BLM lands
Secretary concerned to designate an
through FY2018 and specifies that RACs appointee to perform certain functions. hazardous fuels management program. (7 U.S.C. 6601(d)(2))
|
Reauthorizes the program at the current authorized level of up to $5 million annually through FY2023. (§8105)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to the House provision. (§8701)
|
Establishes local Resource Advisory Committees (RACs) to coordinate, review, and recommend projects under Title II of the Secure Rural Schools and Self-Determination Act of 2000 (SRS, P.L. 106-393) to the Secretary of Agriculture to implement on NFS lands and the Secretary of the Interior to implement on certain BLM lands through FY2018 and specifies that RACs shall consist of 15 members, with five shall consist of 15 members, with five
(§8202)
members representing a balance of specified community interests. Members must reside within the state in which the RAC has jurisdiction. (16 U.S.C. 7125)
The Tribal Forest Protection Act
Requires the Secretary concerned to
No comparable provision.
Similar to the House provision, except
(TFPA) authorizes the Secretary
respond to a tribal request pursuant to
does not include the deadline
concerned to enter into an agreement
TFPA within 120 days and, if the project
requirements related to TFPA projects.
with federally recognized Indian tribes
is accepted, requires the project analysis
Specifies that for ISDEAA contracts on
to implement forest or rangeland
to be completed within two years.
NFS land, the Secretary of Agriculture
projects on tribal lands or on federal
Authorizes the Secretary concerned and
shall carry out all responsibilities
lands adjacent to tribal lands. (25
federally recognized Indian tribes, on a
delegated to the Secretary of the
U.S.C. 3115a(b))
demonstration basis, to enter into
Interior, the Secretary concerned shall
The Indian Self-Determination and
ISDEAA contracts to allow tribes to
make any decisions required to be made
Education Assistance Act (ISDEAA)
perform administrative, management,
under TFPA and NEPA, and all
authorizes federally recognized tribes to and other functions of the TFPA.
contracts or projects shall be in
enter into contracts or agreements with (§8401, §8402)
accordance with Section 403(b)(2) of
the federal government to perform
the ISDEAA. (§8703)
specified services. (25 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.)
The Wildfire Suppression Funding and
Makes technical corrections. (§8505)
No comparable provision.
Same as the House provision and also
Forest Management Activities Act,
makes additional technical corrections.
7125)
|
Extends the authorization for RACs through FY2023 and reduces the membership requirement to nine members, with three members representing the specified community interests. Restricts membership to the county or adjacent counties within the RAC jurisdiction. Authorizes the Secretary concerned to designate an appointee to perform certain functions. (§8202)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to the House provision except establishes a process for the Secretary to modify the RAC membership requirements and establishes a pilot program, through FY2023, for the Secretary to designate a regional forester to appoint RAC members in Montana and Arizona. (§8702)
|
The Tribal Forest Protection Act (TFPA) authorizes the Secretary concerned to enter into an agreement with federally recognized Indian tribes to implement forest or rangeland projects on tribal lands or on federal lands adjacent to tribal lands. (25 U.S.C. 3115a(b))
The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (ISDEAA) authorizes federally recognized tribes to enter into contracts or agreements with the federal government to perform specified services. (25 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.)
|
Requires the Secretary concerned to respond to a tribal request pursuant to TFPA within 120 days and, if the project is accepted, requires the project analysis to be completed within two years. Authorizes the Secretary concerned and federally recognized Indian tribes, on a demonstration basis, to enter into ISDEAA contracts to allow tribes to perform administrative, management, and other functions of the TFPA. (§8401, §8402)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to the House provision, except does not include the deadline requirements related to TFPA projects. Specifies that for ISDEAA contracts on NFS land, the Secretary of Agriculture shall carry out all responsibilities delegated to the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary concerned shall make any decisions required to be made under TFPA and NEPA, and all contracts or projects shall be in accordance with Section 403(b)(2) of the ISDEAA. (§8703)
|
The Wildfire Suppression Funding and Forest Management Activities Act, enacted as Title I of Division O of the enacted as Title I of Division O of the
(§8704)
FY2018 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 115-141), establishes a new mechanism for funding federal wildfire suppression activities.
CRS-280
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Authorizes the Secretary to issue
Directs the Secretary of Agriculture to
No comparable provision.
Similar to the House provision, except
special use authorizations for the use
promulgate regulations revising the
does not specify that leases shall auto-
and occupancy of NFS lands and charge
process to issue special use
renew after 15 years. (§8705)
cost recovery fees for processing and
authorizations for communications sites
monitoring applications and an annual
or rights-of-ways on NFS lands within
land use rental fee based on fair market
one year of enactment. Specifies that
value. Directs the Secretary of the
the new process must be streamlined,
Interior to update the fair market value
uniform, and standardized across the
rental fee schedule by August 8, 2006
NFS to the extent practicable; that
and directs the Secretary of Agriculture
applications are to be considered and
to adopt the same revised fee schedule
granted on a competitively neutral,
for NFS lands. (43 U.S.C. 1761, 42
technology neutral, and
U.S.C. 15925)
suppression activities.
|
Makes technical corrections. (§8505)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Same as the House provision and also makes additional technical corrections. (§8704)
|
Authorizes the Secretary to issue special use authorizations for the use and occupancy of NFS lands and charge cost recovery fees for processing and monitoring applications and an annual land use rental fee based on fair market value. Directs the Secretary of the Interior to update the fair market value rental fee schedule by August 8, 2006 and directs the Secretary of Agriculture to adopt the same revised fee schedule for NFS lands. (43 U.S.C. 1761, 42 U.S.C. 15925)
|
Directs the Secretary of Agriculture to promulgate regulations revising the process to issue special use authorizations for communications sites or rights-of-ways on NFS lands within one year of enactment. Specifies that the new process must be streamlined, uniform, and standardized across the NFS to the extent practicable; that applications are to be considered and granted on a competitively neutral, technology neutral, and nondiscriminatory basis; and lease terms must be a minimum of 15 years and shall renew automatically unless revoked for good cause. Establishes a fee structure based on the cost of processing and monitoring applications and approvals and establishes a new account for the FS to deposit and use those fees, subject to appropriations, for specified activities related to managing communication sites. (§8507)
No comparable provision.
Directs the Secretary of Agriculture and No comparable provision.
Same as the House provision and also
Secretary of the Interior to submit
requires the report to include additional
annual reports to Congress on specified
managing communication sites. (§8507)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to the House provision, except does not specify that leases shall auto-renew after 15 years. (§8705)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Directs the Secretary of Agriculture and Secretary of the Interior to submit annual reports to Congress on specified wildfire and forest management metrics. (§8508)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Same as the House provision and also requires the report to include additional metrics, such as the miles of roads and metrics, such as the miles of roads and
wildfire and forest management metrics.
trails in need of maintenance or
(§8508)
decommissioning; the backlog of maintenance activities for roads, trails, and recreational facilities on federal land; and other measures as needed to maintain, improve, or restore water quality on federal land or improve ecosystem function or resiliency on federal land. (§8706)
CRS-281
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
No comparable provision.
Authorizes the Secretary to convey 3.61 No comparable provision.
Identical to the House provision.
federal land. (§8706)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Authorizes the Secretary to convey 3.61 acres of NFS land (the West Fork Fire
(§8707)
Station Conveyance Parcel), upon request from Dolores County, CO, for specified purposes, subject to a reversionary clause, and for no consideration. (§8510).
Establishes a competitive grant program
Adds forest restoration as a funding
No comparable provision.
Identical to the House provision.
for forestry research. Entities eligible
priority in addition to consideration. (§8510).
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to the House provision. (§8707)
|
Establishes a competitive grant program for forestry research. Entities eligible for funding include state agricultural experiment stations, colleges and universities, research organizations, federal agencies, private organizations, .
(§8708)
for funding include state agricultural
Forest restoration grants are to be
experiment stations, col eges and
competitively awarded and may be used
universities, research organizations,
to support programs that restore native
federal agencies, private organizations,
tree species. (§8511).
and corporations capable of conducting forestry research. (16 U.S.C. 582a-8)
Authorizes Forest Service and BLM to
Establishes that receipts from
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
enter into stewardship end-result
Stewardship Contracting projects shall
contracts (stewardship contracts) with
be considered monies received from the
entities to combine timber sale
NFS, making those receipts subject to
contracts and service contracts to
any applicable revenue-sharing laws.
achieve specified land management
(§8107(d))
forestry research. (16 U.S.C. 582a-8)
|
Adds forest restoration as a funding priority in addition to forestry research. Forest restoration grants are to be competitively awarded and may be used to support programs that restore native tree species. (§8511).
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to the House provision. (§8708)
|
Authorizes Forest Service and BLM to enter into stewardship end-result contracts (stewardship contracts) with entities to combine timber sale contracts and service contracts to achieve specified land management goals. Revenue generated through a stewardship contract may be retained by the agency and is not considered monies received from the NFS, making those receipts exempt from various revenue-sharing laws. Contracts may be awarded on a best-value basis. (16 U.S.C. 6591c)
The Secure Rural Schools and
Changes the requirements to provide
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Community Self-Determination Act of
that 50% of the funds are to be used on
2000 (SRS, P.L. 106-393), as amended,
timber or forest product sales, fire risk
requires that 50% of the funds
reduction, water supply, or forest
authorized by Title II of SRS are used on stewardship projects. (§8201) U.S.C. 6591c)
|
Establishes that receipts from Stewardship Contracting projects shall be considered monies received from the NFS, making those receipts subject to any applicable revenue-sharing laws. (§8107(d))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
The Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act of 2000 (SRS, P.L. 106-393), as amended, requires that 50% of the funds authorized by Title II of SRS are used on (1) road maintenance, decommissioning, or obliteration or (2) stream or
CRS-282
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
watershed restoration projects. (16 U.S.C. 7124(f))
No comparable provision.
Adds a new Section 209 to SRS,
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
or obliteration or (2) stream or watershed restoration projects. (16 U.S.C. 7124(f))
|
Changes the requirements to provide that 50% of the funds are to be used on timber or forest product sales, fire risk reduction, water supply, or forest stewardship projects. (§8201)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds a new Section 209 to SRS, establishing a program for 10 select RACs to retain and use the revenues generated by projects they propose, through FY2023. (§8203)
Export prohibition. Prohibits the
Directs the Secretary to undertake a
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
foreign export of unprocessed logs from rulemaking to issue a determination the contiguous federal lands west of the
exempting unprocessed dead and dying
100th Meridian unless the Secretary
trees on NFS lands in California from
concerned determines through a
the export prohibition for 10 years.
rulemaking process that certain grades
(§8333)
through FY2023. (§8203)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Export prohibition. Prohibits the foreign export of unprocessed logs from the contiguous federal lands west of the 100th Meridian unless the Secretary concerned determines through a rulemaking process that certain grades or species of lumber are surplus to domestic needs. (16 U.S.C. 620a)
|
Directs the Secretary to undertake a rulemaking to issue a determination exempting unprocessed dead and dying trees on NFS lands in California from the export prohibition for 10 years. (§8333)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Exempts all NFS land in Alaska from the
No comparable provision.
Exempts all NFS land in Alaska from the
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Forest Service Roadless Area Conservation Rule as published in 66 Federal Register 9, January 12, 2001. (§8337)
No comparable provision.
Directs the Secretary to make vacant
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
(§8337)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Directs the Secretary to make vacant grazing allotments on NFS lands available to holders of existing grazing permits, under certain conditions. (§8338)
No comparable provision.
Creates a pilot research program on the No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
(§8338)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Creates a pilot research program on the Lincoln, Cibola, and Gila National Forests to study the effectiveness of silvicultural management technique to address natural resource concerns. Projects in the pilot program are subject to the refusal of the county government in which the project is located. Establishes an arbitration program as an alternative dispute resolution process
CRS-283
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
for challenges to projects in the pilot program. (§8339)
No comparable provision.
States that nothing in this title or any
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
program. (§8339)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
States that nothing in this title or any amendments made to the title would impact the availability of funds or other resources for wildfire suppression. (§8504)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Requires the Chief of the Forest Service No comparable provision. (§8504)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires the Chief of the Forest Service to issue a report on the extent to which prairie dogs are present in grazing allotments on NFS lands within 180 days of enactment and to take appropriate action based on the report findings. (§8634)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Prior Law/Policy
|
Table 13. Energy
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
(H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
P.L. 115-334)
|
Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (Bio-Energy Provisions)
|
Definitions
|
Definition of biobased product. A commercial or industrial product that is
Definitions
Definition of biobased product. A
Same as current law. (§9001)
Expands the term to include renewable
Identical to Senate provision. (§9001)
commercial or industrial product that is
chemicals. (§9101)
composed of biological products or an intermediate ingredient or feedstock. (7 U.S.C. 8101(4))
|
Definition of biorefinery. A facility
Same as current law. (§9001)
|
Expands the term to include the
Identical to Senate provision. (§9001)
(including equipment and processes)
conversion of renewable biomass or an
that converts renewable biomass into
intermediate ingredient or feedstock of
biofuels and biobased products, and may
renewable biomass into biofuels,
produce electricity. (7 U.S.C.
renewable chemicals, or biobased
8101(7))
products, or a combination thereof. (§9101)
CRS-284
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Definition of renewable energy
Same as current law. (§9001)
Changes the definition to mean a
Identical to Senate provision. (§9001)
system. A system that produces useable
system that produces useable energy
Expands the term to include renewable chemicals. (§9101)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§9001)
|
Definition of biorefinery. A facility (including equipment and processes) that converts renewable biomass into biofuels and biobased products, and may produce electricity. (7 U.S.C. 8101(7))
|
Same as current law. (§9001)
|
Expands the term to include the conversion of renewable biomass or an intermediate ingredient or feedstock of renewable biomass into biofuels, renewable chemicals, or biobased products, or a combination thereof. (§9101)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§9001)
|
Definition of renewable energy system. A system that produces useable energy from a renewable energy source energy from a renewable energy source
from a renewable source, including the
and may include distribution
distribution components necessary to
components necessary to move energy
move energy produced by the system to
produced by the system to an initial
the initial point of sale, and other
point of sale. A renewable energy
components and ancil ary infrastructure
system may not include a mechanism for
such as a storage system. (§9101)
components necessary to move energy produced by the system to an initial point of sale. A renewable energy system may not include a mechanism for dispensing energy at retail. (7 U.S.C. 8101(16))
Authorized Programs
Rural Energy Savings Program.
Adds two requirements to the loans for
Extends the program through FY2023.
Similar to Senate provision with minor
Extends program through FY2018.
eligible entities section—eligibility for
Expands the definition of energy
amendments. (§6303)
Provides loans to rural families and
other loans and accounting. Increases
efficiency measures to include cost-
small businesses to implement durable
the loan interest to not exceed 5%.
effective on- or off-grid renewable
cost-effective energy efficiency
Authorizes to be appropriated $75
energy or energy storage systems.
measures. Authorized to be
mil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023.
Amends the program so that any debt a
appropriated $75 mil ion annually for
(§6401)
borrower may incur under the program
FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 8107a)
8101(16))
|
Same as current law. (§9001)
|
Changes the definition to mean a system that produces useable energy from a renewable source, including the distribution components necessary to move energy produced by the system to the initial point of sale, and other components and ancillary infrastructure such as a storage system. (§9101)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§9001)
|
Authorized Programs
|
Rural Energy Savings Program. Extends program through FY2018. Provides loans to rural families and small businesses to implement durable cost-effective energy efficiency measures. Authorized to be appropriated $75 million annually for FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 8107a)
|
Adds two requirements to the loans for eligible entities section—eligibility for other loans and accounting. Increases the loan interest to not exceed 5%. Authorizes to be appropriated $75 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§6401)
|
Extends the program through FY2023. Expands the definition of energy efficiency measures to include cost-effective on- or off-grid renewable energy or energy storage systems. Amends the program so that any debt a borrower may incur under the program cannot be applied to eligibility for loans for programs authorized by the Rural Electrification Act of 1936. Requires the Secretary to streamline accounting requirements for borrowers of the program while simultaneously maintaining adequate assurance of loan repayment. Increases the interest limits for loans to not exceed 6%. Requires the Secretary to publish annually the number of applications received for the program, the number of loans made, and the recipients of the loans made. Authorizes to be appropriated $75 millionmil ion annually through FY2023. (§6302)
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. (§6303)
|
Biobased Markets Program. Extends program through FY2018. Requires federal agencies to purchase products with maximum biobased content (explicitly including forest products) subject to availability, flexibility, and performance standards. Minimum biobased content standards applied to federal contracts on case-by-case basis. Continued voluntary labeling. Authorized mandatory funding of $3 million annually for FY2014-FY2018 for biobased products testing and labeling. Authorized to be appropriated $2 million annually for FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 8102)
|
Extends program through FY2023. Authorizes to be appropriated $2 million annually for FY2014-FY2023. No mandatory funding is authorized. Prohibits federal agencies from placing limitations on the procurement of wood and wood-based products. (§6402)
|
Extends the program through FY2023, and assigns it to the rural development mission area. Requires the Secretary to update the criteria for determining which renewable chemicals are eligible to receive a "USDA Certified Biobased Product" label. Requires the Secretary and the Secretary of Commerce to develop North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes for both renewable chemical manufacturers and biobased product manufacturers. Adds an education and outreach component to the program for stakeholders, and establishes an
CRS-285
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Biobased Markets Program.
Extends program through FY2023.
Extends the program through FY2023,
Similar to Senate provision with minor
Extends program through FY2018.
Authorizes to be appropriated $2
and assigns it to the rural development
amendments. Does not include an
Requires federal agencies to purchase
mil ion annually for FY2014-FY2023. No
mission area. Requires the Secretary to
education and outreach component for
products with maximum biobased
mandatory funding is authorized.
update the criteria for determining
the program. (§9002)
content (explicitly including forest
Prohibits federal agencies from placing
which renewable chemicals are eligible
products) subject to availability,
limitations on the procurement of wood to receive a “USDA Certified Biobased
flexibility, and performance standards.
and wood-based products. (§6402)
Product” label. Requires the Secretary
Minimum biobased content standards
and the Secretary of Commerce to
applied to federal contracts on case-by-
develop North American Industry
case basis. Continued voluntary labeling.
Classification System (NAICS) codes for
Authorized mandatory funding of $3
both renewable chemical manufacturers
mil ion annually for FY2014-FY2018 for
and biobased product manufacturers.
biobased products testing and labeling.
Adds an education and outreach
Authorized to be appropriated $2
component to the program for
mil ion annually for FY2014-FY2018. (7
stakeholders, and establishes an
U.S.C. 8102)
expedited approval process for products to be determined eligible for the procurement program and to receive a biobased product label. Prohibits an agency from establishing procurement guidelines for biobased products that are more restrictive than what the Secretary has established. Provides mandatory funding of $3 millionmil ion annually through FY2023, and authorizes to be appropriated $3 million mil ion annually through FY2023.
(§9102)
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. Does not include an education and outreach component for the program. (§9002)
|
Biorefinery, Renewable Chemical, and Biobased Product Manufacturing Assistance Program. Extends program through FY2018. Assists in development of new and emerging technologies for advanced biofuels, renewable chemicals, and biobased products by providing loan guarantees—not to exceed 80% of project costs—for development, construction, and/or retrofitting of commercial-scale biorefineries. Authorizes mandatory funding of $100 million in FY2014 and $50 million each for FY2015 and FY2016. Authorizes to be appropriated $75 million annually for FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 8103)
|
Extends program through FY2023. Amends the definition of eligible technology to include a technology that is being adopted in a viable commercial-scale operation of a biorefinery that produced advanced biofuel or a technology that has been demonstrated to have technical and economic potential for commercial application in a biorefinery that produces advanced biofuel. Authorizes to be appropriated $75 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. No mandatory funding is authorized. (§6403)
|
Extends the program through FY2023. Expands the definition of eligible technology to include technologies that produce 1or more of the following, or a combination thereof: an advanced biofuel, a renewable chemical, or a biobased product. Provides mandatory funding of $100 million for FY2019 and $50 million for FY2020(§9102)
CRS-286
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Biorefinery, Renewable Chemical,
Extends program through FY2023.
Extends the program through FY2023.
Similar to Senate provision with minor
and Biobased Product
Amends the definition of eligible
Expands the definition of eligible
amendments. Provides mandatory
Manufacturing Assistance
technology to include a technology that
technology to include technologies that
funding of $50 mil ion for FY2019 and
Program. Extends program through
is being adopted in a viable commercial-
produce one or more of the fol owing,
$25 mil ion for FY2020. (§9003)
FY2018. Assists in development of new
scale operation of a biorefinery that
or a combination thereof: an advanced
and emerging technologies for advanced
produced advanced biofuel or a
biofuel, a renewable chemical, or a
biofuels, renewable chemicals, and
technology that has been demonstrated
biobased product. Provides mandatory
biobased products by providing loan
to have technical and economic
funding of $100 mil ion for FY2019 and
guarantees—not to exceed 80% of
potential for commercial application in a $50 mil ion for FY2020. Authorizes to
project costs—for development,
biorefinery that produces advanced
be appropriated $75 mil ion annually
construction, and/or retrofitting of
biofuel. Authorizes to be appropriated
through FY2023. (§9103)
commercial-scale biorefineries.
$75 mil ion annually for FY2019-
Authorizes mandatory funding of $100
FY2023. No mandatory funding is
mil ion in FY2014 and $50 mil ion each
authorized. (§6403)
for FY2015 and FY2016. Authorizes to be appropriated $75 mil ion annually for FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 8103)
Repowering Assistance Program.
Extends program through FY2023.
Repeals the program. (§9104)
Identical to Senate provision. (§9004)
Extends program through FY2018.
Authorizes to be appropriated $10
Provides funds to replace the use of
mil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023. No
fossil fuels used to produce heat or
mandatory funding is authorized.
power to operate biorefineries in
(§6404)
existence as of the 2008 farm bil be appropriated $75 million annually through FY2023. (§9103)
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. Provides mandatory funding of $50 million for FY2019 and $25 million for FY2020. (§9003)
|
Repowering Assistance Program. Extends program through FY2018. Provides funds to replace the use of fossil fuels used to produce heat or power to operate biorefineries in existence as of the 2008 farm bill enactment date. Authorizes mandatory funding of $12 millionmil ion for FY2014, available until expended. Authorizes to be appropriated $10 millionmil ion annually for FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 8104)
CRS-287
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Bioenergy Program for Advanced
Extends program through FY2023.
Extends program through FY2023.
Similar to House provision with minor
Biofuels. Extends program through
Modifies the equitable distribution
Provides mandatory funding of $15
amendments. Provides mandatory
FY2018. Provides payments to
portion of the program by limiting the
mil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023.
funding of $7 mil ion annually for
producers to support and expand
amount of payments for advanced
Authorizes to be appropriated $15
FY2019-FY2023. Authorizes to be
production of advanced biofuels by
biofuel produced from a single eligible
mil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023.
appropriated $20 mil ion annually for
entering into contracts to pay
commodity to not exceed one-third of
(§9105)
FY2019-FY2023. (§9005)
producers for production of eligible
FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 8104)
|
Extends program through FY2023. Authorizes to be appropriated $10 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. No mandatory funding is authorized. (§6404)
|
Repeals the program. (§9104)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§9004)
|
Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels. Extends program through FY2018. Provides payments to producers to support and expand production of advanced biofuels by entering into contracts to pay producers for production of eligible advanced biofuels.
Provides mandatory funding of $15 million annually for FY2014-FY2018. Authorizes to be appropriated $20 million annually (FY20014-FY2018) (7 U.S.C. 8105)
|
Extends program through FY2023. Modifies the equitable distribution portion of the program by limiting the amount of payments for advanced biofuel produced from a single eligible commodity to not exceed one-third of the total program funding available in a the total program funding available in a
advanced biofuels.
fiscal year. Authorizes to be
Provides mandatory funding of $15
appropriated $50 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. No mandatory funding is authorized. (§6405)
|
Extends program through FY2023. Provides mandatory funding of $15 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. Authorizes to be appropriated $15 million annually for FY2019-FY2023.
(§9105)
|
Similar to House provision with minor amendments. Provides mandatory funding of $7 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. Authorizes to be appropriated $20 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§9005)
|
Biodiesel Fuel Education Program. Extends program through FY2018. Awards competitive grants to nonprofit organizations that educate fleet operators and the public on biodiesel mil ion annually for
mil ion annually for FY2014-FY2018.
FY2019-FY2023. No mandatory funding
Authorizes to be appropriated $20
is authorized. (§6405)
mil ion annually (FY20014-FY2018) (7 U.S.C. 8105)
Biodiesel Fuel Education Program.
Extends program through FY2023.
Extends program through FY2023.
Identical to House provision. (§9006)
Extends program through FY2018.
Authorizes to be appropriated $2
Authorizes to be appropriated $1
Awards competitive grants to nonprofit
mil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023. No
mil ion annually through FY2023. No
organizations that educate fleet
mandatory funding is authorized.
mandatory funding is authorized.
operators and the public on biodiesel
(§6406)
§9106)
benefits. Provides mandatory funding of $1 mil ion$1 million annually (FY2008-FY2018). Authorizes to be appropriated $1 millionmil ion annually for FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 8106)
CRS-288
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Rural Energy for America
Extends program through FY2023.
Extends program through FY2023.
Extends program through FY2023.
Program. Authorization does not
Limits mandatory funding to FY2014-
Expands the program to provide
Retains mandatory funding of $50
expire. Provides grants to conduct
FY2018. Authorizes to be appropriated
financial assistance for the purchase and
mil ion for FY2014 and each fiscal year
energy audits and for renewable energy
$20 mil ion annually for FY2014-
installation of efficient energy equipment thereafter. Authorizes to be
development assistance and provides
FY2023. No mandatory funding is
or systemsU.S.C. 8106)
|
Extends program through FY2023. Authorizes to be appropriated $2 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. No mandatory funding is authorized. (§6406)
|
Extends program through FY2023. Authorizes to be appropriated $1 million annually through FY2023. No mandatory funding is authorized. §9106)
|
Identical to House provision. (§9006)
|
Rural Energy for America Program. Authorization does not expire. Provides grants to conduct energy audits and for renewable energy development assistance and provides loan guarantees and grants for energy efficiency improvement projects and renewable energy systems. Provides mandatory funds of $50 million in FY2014 and each fiscal year thereafter. Authorizes to be appropriated $20 million annually for FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 8107)
|
Extends program through FY2023. Limits mandatory funding to FY2014-FY2018. Authorizes to be appropriated $20 million annually for FY2014-FY2023. No mandatory funding is authorized for FY2019-FY2023. Provides a categorical exclusion for electric generating facilities with a capacity of 10 megawatts or less in the program from having to prepare an environmental assessments or an environmental impact statement. (§6407)
|
Extends program through FY2023. Expands the program to provide financial assistance for the purchase and installation of efficient energy equipment or systems. Authorizes to be appropriated $50 million annually through FY2023. Retains mandatory funding of $50 million for FY2014 and each FY thereafter. (§9107)
|
Extends program through FY2023. Retains mandatory funding of $50 million for FY2014 and each fiscal year thereafter. Authorizes to be appropriated $20 million annually through FY2023. Amends the financial assistance for energy efficiency improvements and renewable energy systems section to include certain limitations for loan guarantees to purchase and install energy efficient equipment or agricultural production or . Authorizes to be
appropriated $20 mil ion annually
loan guarantees and grants for energy
authorized for FY2019-FY2023.
appropriated $50 mil ion annually
through FY2023. Amends the financial
efficiency improvement projects and
Provides a categorical exclusion for
through FY2023. Retains mandatory
assistance for energy efficiency
renewable energy systems. Provides
electric generating facilities with a
funding of $50 mil ion for FY2014 and
improvements and renewable energy
mandatory funds of $50 mil ion in
capacity of 10 megawatts or less in the
each FY thereafter. (§9107)
systems section to include certain
FY2014 and each fiscal year thereafter.
program from having to prepare an
limitations for loan guarantees to
Authorizes to be appropriated $20
environmental assessments or an
purchase and install energy efficient
mil ion annually for FY2014-FY2018. (7
environmental impact statement.
equipment or agricultural production or
U.S.C. 8107)
(§6407)
processing systems, and limits funds for such loan guarantees to 15% of the annual funding provided to the program. (§9007)
|
Biomass Research and Development Initiative.
Biomass Research and
Extends program through FY2023.
Extends program through FY2018. Requires the Secretaries of Agriculture and Energy to coordinate research, development, and demonstration of technologies and processes for biofuels and biobased products. (7 U.S.C. 8108)
|
Extends program through FY2023. Authorizes to be appropriated $20 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. No mandatory funding is authorized. (§7509)
|
Extends program through FY2023. Amends the definition of biobased product to include carbon dioxide. Requires the Initiative's technical advisory committee to consist of an individual with expertise in carbon capture, utilization, and storage. FY2023.
Similar to Senate provision with minor
Development Initiative. Extends
Authorizes to be appropriated $20
Amends the definition of biobased
amendments. Authorizes to be
program through FY2018. Requires the
mil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023. No
product to include carbon dioxide.
appropriated $20 mil ion annually for
Secretaries of Agriculture and Energy to
mandatory funding is authorized.
Requires the Initiative’s technical
FY2019-FY2023. No mandatory funding
coordinate research, development, and
(§7509)
advisory committee to consist of an
is authorized. (§7507)
demonstration of technologies and
individual with expertise in carbon
processes for biofuels and biobased
capture, utilization, and storage.
products. (7 U.S.C. 8108)
Expands the objectives and technical areas of the Initiative to include carbon dioxide utilization and sequestration. Provides mandatory funding of $3 millionmil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023. Authorizes to be appropriated $20 millionmil ion annually through FY2023. (§7409)
CRS-289
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency
Repeals the initiative. (§6408)
Identical to House provision. (§9108)
Identical to the House and Senate
Initiative. Not included in the 2014
provisions. (§9008)
farm bil annually through FY2023. (§7409)
|
Similar to Senate provision with minor amendments. Authorizes to be appropriated $20 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. No mandatory funding is authorized. (§7507)
|
Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative. Not included in the 2014 farm bill—funding authority expired after FY2013. Established in the 2008 farm bill bil to provide financial assistance to increase the energy self-sufficiency of such communities. (7 U.S.C. 8109)
|
Repeals the initiative. (§6408)
|
. (7 U.S.C. 8109)
Feedstock Flexibility Program.
Extends program through FY2023.
Identical to House provision. (§9108)
|
9109)
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§9008)
|
Feedstock Flexibility Program. Extends program through FY2018.
Extends program through FY2018.
(§6409)
provisions. (§9009)
Allows the CCC to purchase surplus sugar from processors for resale to ethanol producers for fuel ethanol. (7 U.S.C. 8110)
Biomass Crop Assistance
Extends program through FY2023.
Extends the program through FY2023.
Similar to Senate provision with
Program. Extends program through
Authorizes to be appropriated $25
Amends the definition of eligible material
amendments. No mandatory funding is
FY2018. Provides payments to owners
mil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023. No
to include algae. Expands the col ection,
provided. Authorizes to be
and operators of agricultural land and
mandatory funding is authorized.
harvest, storage and transportation
appropriated $25 mil ion annually
nonindustrial private forest land that
(§6410)
portion of the program to include
through FY2023. (§9010)
establish, produce, and deliver biomass
material harvested for hazardous woody
feedstocks to eligible processing plants.
fuel reduction. Removes the relationship
Modifies enrol ed land eligibility
to other laws providing for technical
requirements, limits one-time
assistance funding. Retains mandatory
establishment payments, reduces the
funding of $25 mil ion through FY2023.
matching payment rate, and stipulates
Authorizes to be appropriated $20
how much funding—10-50%—may be
mil ion annually through FY2023.
used for col ection, harvest, storage, and
(§9110)
transportation. (7 U.S.C. 8111)
CRS-290
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Establishes a Biogas Research and
No comparable provision.
U.S.C. 8110)
|
Extends program through FY2023. (§6409)
|
Identical to House provision. (§9109)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions. (§9009)
|
Biomass Crop Assistance Program. Extends program through FY2018. Provides payments to owners and operators of agricultural land and nonindustrial private forest land that establish, produce, and deliver biomass feedstocks to eligible processing plants. Modifies enrolled land eligibility requirements, limits one-time establishment payments, reduces the matching payment rate, and stipulates how much funding—10-50%—may be used for collection, harvest, storage, and transportation. (7 U.S.C. 8111)
|
Extends program through FY2023. Authorizes to be appropriated $25 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. No mandatory funding is authorized. (§6410)
|
Extends the program through FY2023. Amends the definition of eligible material to include algae. Amends the definition of eligible material to not exclude oilseeds. Expands the collection, harvest, storage and transportation portion of the program to include material harvested for hazardous woody fuel reduction. Removes the relationship to other laws providing for technical assistance funding. Retains mandatory funding of $25 million through FY2023. Authorizes to be appropriated $20 million annually through FY2023. (§9110)
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. No mandatory funding is provided. Authorizes to be appropriated $25 million annually through FY2023. (§9010)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Establishes a Biogas Research and Adoption of Biogas Systems initiative. Requires the Secretary to form an Interagency Biogas Opportunities Task Force to coordinate policies, programs, and research to accelerate biogas research and investments in cost-effective biogas systems. Requires the Secretary to enter into an agreement with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory to conduct a biogas study that examines the barriers and opportunities of biogas systems, among other things. Requires the Secretary to collectcol ect and analyze data pertaining to biogas systems to develop markets for biogas and biogas system products. (§9111)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Establishes a Carbon Utilization
Similar to Senate provision. Establishes a
Education Program under the energy
carbon utilization and biogas education
title. The program would provide
program. No mandatory funding
competitive funding for eligible entities
provided. Authorizes to be
to provide education to the public and
appropriated $2 mil ion annually
biogas producers about the benefits of
through FY2023. (§9014)
biogas and biogas system products. (§9111)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Establishes a Carbon Utilization Education Program under the energy title. The program would provide competitive funding for eligible entities to provide education to the public and biogas producers about the benefits of carbon utilization and sequestration and the opportunities to aggregate multiple sources of organic waste into a single biogas system, respectively. Mandatory funding is provided at $2 million mil ion annually through FY2023. Authorizes to be appropriated $2 millionmil ion annually through FY2023. (§9113)
CRS-291
Table 14. Horticulture
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
through FY2023. (§9113)
|
Similar to Senate provision. Establishes a carbon utilization and biogas education program. No mandatory funding provided. Authorizes to be appropriated $2 million annually through FY2023. (§9014)
|
Prior Law/Policy
|
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
(H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
P.L. 115-334)
|
Specialty Crop, Organic Agriculture, and Local Foods Programs
|
Specialty crop market news. Authorizes support for the collection
Reauthorizes program and funding levels Similar to House provision. (§10101)
Identical to the House and Senate
Authorizes support for the col ection
through FY2023. (§9001)
provision. (§10101)
and dissemination of market news for specialty crops. Authorized appropriations of $9 millionmil ion annually through FY2018 to remain available until expended. (7 U.S.C. 1622b(b))
|
Reauthorizes program and funding levels through FY2023. (§9001)
|
Similar to House provision. (§10101)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provision. (§10101)
|
Farmers' Market and Local Food Promotion Program; Value-Added Producer Grants. Authorizes the promotion of (1) farmers markets, community-supported agriculture programs, and other direct producer-to-consumer market opportunities and (2) local and regional food business enterprises. Authorizes CCC funding of $30 million annually (FY2014 through FY2018) and authorized appropriations of $10 million each year (FY2014-FY2018). (7 U.S.C. 3005)
Provides for Agricultural Product Market Development Grants supporting agricultural producers that add value to commodities, and support planning and business development projects. Authorizes $40 million annually for FY2008-FY2018, subject to annual appropriations, in addition to $63 million in mandatory spending to remain available until expended. (7 U.S.C. 1632a(b)(7))
|
Amends 7 U.S.C. 3005(g)(3) only, which authorizes discretionary appropriations for these programs. Reorganizes the paragraph and authorizes appropriations of $30 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. Does not make changes to the mandatory funding Section in (g)(1) and does not add any mandatory funding beyond FY2018. (§9002)
Does not reauthorizes mandatory funding for Value-Added Producer Grants, but instead increases discretionary funding to $50 million annually FY2019-FY2023. (§6501)
|
Combines and expands the existing Farmers' Market and Local Food Promotion Program (7 U.S.C. 3005) and the Value-Added Agricultural Product Market Development Grants (7 U.S.C. 1632a(b)(7)) to create a new "Local Agriculture Market Program" with expanded mandatory funding and administrative functions. Expanded mission would also support regional partnerships, developmental grants, and cooperative extension support, while also simplifying application and reporting requirements, and requiring program evaluation. Provides mandatory funding of $60 million for FY2019 and each year thereafter, and authorized appropriations of $20 million for FY2019 and each year thereafter. Funds would be allocated as follows: 10% for regional partnerships, 35% for producer grants, 47% for development grants for other eligible entities, and 8% for
Farmers’ Market and Local Food
Amends 7 U.S.C. 3005(g)(3) only, which
Combines and expands the existing
Similar to Senate provision with changes
Promotion Program; Value-Added
authorizes discretionary appropriations
Farmers’ Market and Local Food
that provide separate requirements to
Producer Grants. Authorizes the
for these programs. Reorganizes the
Promotion Program (7 U.S.C. 3005) and be considered as an eligible entity for
promotion of (1) farmers markets,
paragraph and authorizes appropriations the Value-Added Agricultural Product
value-added producer grants from the
community-supported agriculture
of $30 mil ion annually for FY2019-
Market Development Grants (7 U.S.C.
farmers markets and local food
programs, and other direct producer-
FY2023. Does not make changes to the
1632a(b)(7)) to create a new ”Local
promotion program. Provides annual
to-consumer market opportunities and
mandatory funding Section in (g)(1) and
Agriculture Market Program" with
CCC funding of $50 mil ion for FY2019
(2) local and regional food business
does not add any mandatory funding
expanded mandatory funding and
and each fiscal year thereafter, to
enterprises. Authorizes CCC funding of
beyond FY2018. (§9002)
administrative functions. Expanded
remain available until expended.
$30 mil ion annually (FY2014 through
Does not reauthorizes mandatory
mission would also support regional
(§10102)
FY2018) and authorized appropriations
funding for Value-Added Producer
partnerships, developmental grants, and
of $10 mil ion each year (FY2014-
Grants, but instead increases
cooperative extension support, while
FY2018). (7 U.S.C. 3005)
discretionary funding to $50 mil ion
also simplifying application and reporting
Provides for Agricultural Product
annually FY2019-FY2023. (§6501)
requirements, and requiring program
Market Development Grants supporting
evaluation. Provides mandatory funding
agricultural producers that add value to
of $60 mil ion for FY2019 and each year
commodities, and support planning and
thereafter, and authorized
business development projects.
appropriations of $20 mil ion for
Authorizes $40 mil ion annually for
FY2019 and each year thereafter. Funds
FY2008-FY2018, subject to annual
would be allocated as fol ows: 10% for
appropriations, in addition to $63
regional partnerships, 35% for producer
mil ion in mandatory spending to remain
grants, 47% for development grants for
available until expended. (7 U.S.C.
other eligible entities, and 8% for
1632a(b)(7))
administrative expenses. Funding would also cover a pilot program (Agricultural Marketing Resource Center). (§10102)
CRS-292
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Food safety education initiatives.
Reauthorizes program and funding levels Similar to House provision. (§10106).
Identical to the House and Senate
Amends the Agricultural Research,
through FY2023. (§9003)
provision. (§10106)
Marketing Resource Center). (§10102)
|
Similar to Senate provision with changes that provide separate requirements to be considered as an eligible entity for value-added producer grants from the farmers markets and local food promotion program. Provides annual CCC funding of $50 million for FY2019 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until expended. (§10102)
|
Food safety education initiatives. Amends the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (P.L. 105-185) to implement a program to educate fresh produce industry personnel and consumers on ways to reduce pathogens in fresh produce. Authorizes appropriations of $1 mil ion$1 million annually to remain available until expended. (7 U.S.C. 7655a(c))
|
Reauthorizes program and funding levels through FY2023. (§9003)
|
Similar to House provision. (§10106).
|
Identical to the House and Senate provision. (§10106)
|
Block grants to states. The Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-465), as amended, authorizes block grants to states to support projects in marketing, research, pest management, and food safety, among other purposes. Authorizes CCC funding of $72.5 million annually (FY2014-FY2017) and $85 million for FY2018 and each fiscal year thereafter. Funding for multi-state project grants shall remain available until expended, rising from $1 million (FY2014) to $5 million (FY2018). (7 U.S.C. 1621 note)
|
Reauthorizes program and funding levels through FY2023. Requires USDA enter into a cooperative agreement to conduct program evaluation with state government and industry stakeholders (§9004)
|
Reauthorizes program and funding levels through FY2023, including funding for approved multistate projects. Requires that performance measures be developed by the State agriculture departments for evaluation purposes, as well as best practices to enhance the competitiveness of specialty crops across multiple commodities, types of production, and geographic locations. Requires an audit of the program. Requires USDA provide guidance to States regarding best practices and national and regional priorities. (§10107)
|
Similar to the House provision with changes to clarify that USDA may directly administer multistate projects for applicants in a nonparticipating state and provide for the evaluation of the grant program. (§10107)
|
National Organic Program (NOP). The Organic Foods Production Act (OFPA) of 1990 authorizes NOP to develop and enforce national standards for organically produced agricultural products. Authorizes the creation of National Organic Standards Board (NOSB) and the creation of the "National List of Approved and Prohibited Substances for Organic Farming and Handling Operations." Authorized appropriations were $15 million annually (FY2014-FY2018). (7 U.S.C. 6522) Provides $5 million in CCC funding for technology upgrades. (7 U.S.C. 6519)
Section 7407(d) of the 2002 farm bill, as amended, requires USDA to collect data under the Organic Production and Market Data Initiatives (ODI), providing $5 million in mandatory CCC funds in FY204 (to remain available until expended). (7 U.S.C. 5925c)
Section 10606 establishes the National Organic Certification Cost Share Program (NOCCSP) to help producers and handlers of organic products obtain certification. Provides $11.5 million in FY2014, to remain available until expended. (7 U.S.C. 6523)
|
Amends OFPA to include provisions in H.R. 3871 (Organic Farmer and Consumer Protection Act of 2017), including the following: limits the types of operations excluded from NOP certification; requires electronic import documentation; establishes mechanisms for collaborative investigations and enforcement; requires increased documentation; increases accreditation authority of NOP over certifying agents; requires audits of satellite offices; ensures coordination to data; and requires additional reporting. (§9006(a),(e)-(f))
Reauthorizes NOP appropriations, increasing from $16.5 million (FY2019) to $24 million (FY2023), and provides $5 million for technology upgrades to improve tracking and verification of organic imports (FY2019). (§9006(g)-(h)) Reauthorizes ODI funds at current levels. (§9006(i)) Funding for NOCCSP is not reauthorized.
Requires USDA to establish procedures for expedited petitions for postharvest handling substances related to food safety pertaining to the NOP's "National List of Approved and Prohibited Substances." (§9006(b)) Amends the eligibility and consultation requirements of the NOSB. (§9006(c)-(d))
|
Amends OFPA to include limits the types of operations excluded from NOP certification; requires import certification, modernization of tracking and data collection; requires increased documentation and traceability; increases accreditation authority of NOP over certifying agents; requires audits of satellite offices; ensures coordination to data; and requires additional reporting, investigations, and data collection related to organic imports. (§10104(a)-(d), (f)-(g)) Requires the establishment of an Organic Agricultural Product Imports Interagency Working Group, and submission of an organic trade enforcement interagency coordination report. (§10104(h))
Reauthorizes NOP appropriations, increasing from $15 million (FY2018) to $24 million (FY2023), and provides $5 million to improve tracking and verification of organic imports (FY2019). (§10104(i)) Reauthorizes ODI funds to receive $5 (FY2019-FY2023). (§10103) Reauthorizes mandatory funding for NOCCSP of $11.5 million annually for FY2019 through FY2023, to remain available until expended. (§10105) Amends the eligibility and consultation requirements of the NOSB. (§10104(e))
|
Identical to the House and Senate provisions in reauthorizing ODI funds to receive $5 million (FY2019-FY2023) to remain available until expended. (§10103)
Similar to the Senate provision, reauthorizes mandatory CCC funding for NOCCSP of $24 million (FY2019-FY2023) to remain available until expended. (§10105)
Amends OFPA similar to provisions in both the Senate and House provisions. Changes provide for the oversight of foreign and domestic certifying offices, outline notice and process requirements for new and suspended certifications, require additional documentation and verification, and require employees of an owner or operator of an organic farming operation to represent the owner or operator on NOSB. (§10104)
|
Plant Variety Protection Act. Provides legal intellectual property rights protection to breeders of new
Block grants to states. The Specialty
Reauthorizes program and funding levels Reauthorizes program and funding levels Similar to the House provision with
Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004
through FY2023. Requires USDA enter
through FY2023, including funding for
changes to clarify that USDA may
(P.L. 108-465), as amended, authorizes
into a cooperative agreement to
approved multistate projects. Requires
directly administer multistate projects
block grants to states to support
conduct program evaluation with state
that performance measures be
for applicants in a nonparticipating state
projects in marketing, research, pest
government and industry stakeholders
developed by the State agriculture
and provide for the evaluation of the
management, and food safety, among
(§9004)
departments for evaluation purposes, as
grant program. (§10107)
other purposes. Authorizes CCC
well as best practices to enhance the
funding of $72.5 mil ion annually
competitiveness of specialty crops
(FY2014-FY2017) and $85 mil ion for
across multiple commodities, types of
FY2018 and each fiscal year thereafter.
production, and geographic locations.
Funding for multi-state project grants
Requires an audit of the program.
shall remain available until expended,
Requires USDA provide guidance to
rising from $1 mil ion (FY2014) to $5
States regarding best practices and
mil ion (FY2018). (7 U.S.C. 1621
national and regional priorities.
note)
(§10107)
National Organic Program (NOP).
Amends OFPA to include provisions in
Amends OFPA to include limits the
Identical to the House and Senate
The Organic Foods Production Act
H.R. 3871 (Organic Farmer and
types of operations excluded from NOP provisions in reauthorizing ODI funds
(OFPA) of 1990 authorizes NOP to
Consumer Protection Act of 2017),
certification; requires import
to receive $5 mil ion (FY2019-FY2023)
develop and enforce national standards
including the fol owing: limits the types
certification, modernization of tracking
to remain available until expended.
for organically produced agricultural
of operations excluded from NOP
and data collection; requires increased
(§10103)
products. Authorizes the creation of
certification; requires electronic import
documentation and traceability;
Similar to the Senate provision,
National Organic Standards Board
documentation; establishes mechanisms
increases accreditation authority of
reauthorizes mandatory CCC funding
(NOSB) and the creation of the
for col aborative investigations and
NOP over certifying agents; requires
for NOCCSP of $24 mil ion (FY2019-
“National List of Approved and
enforcement; requires increased
audits of satellite offices; ensures
FY2023) to remain available until
Prohibited Substances for Organic
documentation; increases accreditation
coordination to data; and requires
expended. (§10105)
Farming and Handling Operations.”
authority of NOP over certifying agents; additional reporting, investigations, and
CRS-293
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Authorized appropriations were $15
requires audits of satellite offices;
data col ection related to organic
Amends OFPA similar to provisions in
mil ion annually (FY2014-FY2018). (7
ensures coordination to data; and
imports. (§10104(a)-(d), (f)-(g))
both the Senate and House provisions.
U.S.C. 6522) Provides $5 mil ion in
requires additional reporting.
Requires the establishment of an
Changes provide for the oversight of
CCC funding for technology upgrades.
(§9006(a),(e)-(f))
Organic Agricultural Product Imports
foreign and domestic certifying offices,
(7 U.S.C. 6519)
Reauthorizes NOP appropriations,
Interagency Working Group, and
outline notice and process requirements
Section 7407(d) of the 2002 farm bil , as
increasing from $16.5 mil ion (FY2019)
submission of an organic trade
for new and suspended certifications,
amended, requires USDA to col ect
to $24 mil ion (FY2023), and provides
enforcement interagency coordination
require additional documentation and
data under the Organic Production and
$5 mil ion for technology upgrades to
report. (§10104(h))
verification, and require employees of
Market Data Initiatives (ODI), providing
improve tracking and verification of
Reauthorizes NOP appropriations,
an owner or operator of an organic
$5 mil ion in mandatory CCC funds in
organic imports (FY2019). (§9006(g)-
increasing from $15 mil ion (FY2018) to
farming operation to represent the
FY204 (to remain available until
(h)) Reauthorizes ODI funds at current
$24 mil ion (FY2023), and provides $5
owner or operator on NOSB.
expended). (7 U.S.C. 5925c)
levels. (§9006(i)) Funding for NOCCSP mil ion to improve tracking and
(§10104)
Section 10606 establishes the National
is not reauthorized.
verification of organic imports (FY2019).
Organic Certification Cost Share
Requires USDA to establish procedures
(§10104(i)) Reauthorizes ODI funds to
Program (NOCCSP) to help producers
for expedited petitions for postharvest
receive $5 (FY2019-FY2023). (§10103)
and handlers of organic products obtain
handling substances related to food
Reauthorizes mandatory funding for
certification. Provides $11.5 mil ion in
safety pertaining to the NOP’s
NOCCSP of $11.5 mil ion annually for
FY2014, to remain available until
“National List of Approved and
FY2019 through FY2023, to remain
expended. (7 U.S.C. 6523)
Prohibited Substances.” (§9006(b))
available until expended. (§10105)
Amends the eligibility and consultation
Amends the eligibility and consultation
requirements of the NOSB. (§9006(c)-
requirements of the NOSB.
(d))
(§10104(e))
Plant Variety Protection Act.
Amends the Plant Variety Protection
Similar to House provision. (§10108)
Identical to the House and Senate
Provides legal intellectual property
Act to include certain protections for
provision. (§10108)
rights protection to breeders of new
sexually reproduced varieties. (§9005)
varieties of plants that are sexually reproduced (by seed) or tuber-propagated. USDA issues Certificates of Protection that protect varieties for 20 years (25 years for vines and trees). (7 U.S.C. 2401(a), 2402(a), 2541(a)(3), and 2568(a))
Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7701
Addresses cooperation between the
No comparable provision.
Similar to the House provision but
et seq.)
Animal and Plant Health Inspection
requires USDA submit a report on
Service and the Forest Service to
forest pests. (§10110)
intercept tree and wood pests and
CRS-294
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
2541(a)(3), and 2568(a))
|
Amends the Plant Variety Protection Act to include certain protections for sexually reproduced varieties. (§9005)
|
Similar to House provision. (§10108)
|
Identical to the House and Senate provision. (§10108)
|
Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7701 et seq.)
|
Addresses cooperation between the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and the Forest Service to intercept tree and wood pests and would require a report on the interception of forest pests. (§9122)
Section 111 Cap. The Commodity
No comparable provision.
Excludes funds for technical assistance
Identical to Senate provision. (§10112)
Credit Corporation (CCC) is a
from the CCC section 11 cap.
government-owned financial institution
(§10110)
interception of forest pests. (§9122)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to the House provision but requires USDA submit a report on forest pests. (§10110)
|
Section 111 Cap. The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) is a government-owned financial institution that provides most of the mandatory payments administered by various agencies of USDA. CCC may reimburse other government agencies for administrative services in connection with authorized activities. Total allotments and transfers of CCC funds for these services may not exceed FY1995 levels. This is commonly referred to as the section 111 cap. (15 U.S.C. 714i)
Industrial Hemp
Legitimacy of industrial hemp
No comparable provision.
Incorporates provisions in S. 2667
Similar to Senate provision with
research. Allows an institution of
(Industrial Hemp Farming Act of 2018).
additional clarification and changes,
higher education or State department of
Creates a new “Hemp Production”
including auditing authority and a
agriculture to grow or cultivate
subtitle under the Agricultural
grandfather clause regarding existing
industrial hemp for research purposes, if
Marketing Act of 1946 (AMA, 7 U.S.C.
program participation. Authorizes
allowed under the laws of the State in
Section 1621 et seq.), expanding the
USDA to provide technical assistance to
which the institution is located.
statutory definition of hemp, expanding
states and Indian tribes to aid in the
Establishes a definition for ‘'industrial
eligibility to include tribes and
development of a state or tribal plan.
hemp'' to mean "the plant Cannabis
territories, and establishing a regulatory
Modifies criteria for participation in the
sativa L. and any part of such plant,
framework to monitor compliance and
program such that “[a]ny person
whether growing or not, with a delta-9
regulate production. Authorizes states
convicted of a felony relating to a
tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of
and tribal governments wanting primary
control ed substance shall be ineligible
not more than 0.3 percent on a dry
regulatory authority over hemp
to participate under the state or tribal
weight basis." (7 U.S.C. 5940)
production to submit a plan to USDA
plan for a 10-year period fol owing the
for approval (covering grower location,
date of the conviction” except in cases
licensing, procedures for testing,
where hemp producers have been
inspections, background checks,
lawful y participating in a state hemp
disposal, enforcement of violations, and
pilot program as authorized by the 2014
other requirements). Requires USDA to farm bil . (§10113)
CRS-295
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
develop an agency plan(s) to be
The Joint Explanatory Statement further
implemented in states and tribal
requires that USDA “col ect, maintain,
territories that forego submitting a plan
and make accessible to Federal, state,
to USDA. Requires USDA to report any territorial, and local law enforcement,
unlicensed hemp production to the U.S.
real-time information regarding the
Attorney General and requires other
status of a license or other
information sharing to law enforcement. authorization for all hemp producers, Expands definition of hemp to mean the
whether participating under a state,
"Cannabis sativa L. and any part of that
tribal, or USDA plan” and encourage
plant, including the seeds thereof and all
U.S.C. 714i)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Excludes funds for technical assistance from the CCC section 11 cap. (§10110)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§10112)
|
Industrial Hemp
|
Legitimacy of industrial hemp research. Allows an institution of higher education or State department of agriculture to grow or cultivate industrial hemp for research purposes, if allowed under the laws of the State in which the institution is located. Establishes a definition for ''industrial hemp'' to mean "the plant Cannabis sativa L. and any part of such plant, whether growing or not, with a delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of not more than 0.3 percent on a dry weight basis." (7 U.S.C. 5940)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Incorporates provisions in S. 2667 (Industrial Hemp Farming Act of 2018). Creates a new "Hemp Production" subtitle under the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (AMA, 7 U.S.C. Section 1621 et seq.), expanding the statutory definition of hemp, expanding eligibility to include tribes and territories, and establishing a regulatory framework to monitor compliance and regulate production. Authorizes states and tribal governments wanting primary regulatory authority over hemp production to submit a plan to USDA for approval (covering grower location, licensing, procedures for testing, inspections, background checks, disposal, enforcement of violations, and other requirements). Requires USDA to develop an agency plan(s) to be implemented in states and tribal territories that forego submitting a plan to USDA. Requires USDA to report any unlicensed hemp production to the U.S. Attorney General and requires other information sharing to law enforcement.
Expands definition of hemp to mean the "Cannabis sativa L. and any part of that plant, including the seeds thereof and all derivatives, extracts, cannabinoids, isomers, acids, salts, and salts of isomers, whether growing or not, with a delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of not more than 0.3 percent on a dry weight basis. "plant Cannabis sativa L. and any part of that plant, including the seeds thereof and all derivatives, extracts, cannabinoids, isomers, acids, salts, and salts of isomers, whether growing or not, with a delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of not more than 0.3 percent on a dry weight basis."
Authorizes appropriations "such sums as are necessary" for USDA to support and enforce state and tribal plans. (§10111, §10112)
|
Similar to Senate provision with additional clarification and changes, including auditing authority and a grandfather clause regarding existing program participation. Authorizes USDA to provide technical assistance to states and Indian tribes to aid in the development of a state or tribal plan. Modifies criteria for participation in the program such that "[a]ny person convicted of a felony relating to a controlled substance shall be ineligible to participate under the state or tribal plan for a 10-year period following the date of the conviction" except in cases where hemp producers have been lawfully participating in a state hemp pilot program as authorized by the 2014 farm bill. (§10113)
The Joint Explanatory Statement further requires that USDA "collect, maintain, and make accessible to Federal, state, territorial, and local law enforcement, real-time information regarding the status of a license or other authorization for all hemp producers, whether participating under a state, tribal, or USDA plan" and encourage USDA to develop an MOU with federal USDA to develop an MOU with federal
derivatives, extracts, cannabinoids,
law enforcement agencies to "define the parameters of this system and to potentially share the costs of such information sharing system."
Prohibits a state or Indian tribe from interfering with the "transportation or shipment of hemp or hemp products" (as defined in statute and subject to USDA oversight) through the state or tribal domain. (§10114)
Other provisions regarding hemp are contained in the bill's Miscellaneous title (§12619), Research title (§7501, §7605, and §“define the
isomers, acids, salts, and salts of
parameters of this system and to
isomers, whether growing or not, with
potentially share the costs of such
a delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol
information sharing system.”
concentration of not more than 0.3
Prohibits a state or Indian tribe from
percent on a dry weight basis. “plant
interfering with the “transportation or
Cannabis sativa L. and any part of that
shipment of hemp or hemp products”
plant, including the seeds thereof and all
(as defined in statute and subject to
derivatives, extracts, cannabinoids,
USDA oversight) through the state or
isomers, acids, salts, and salts of
tribal domain. (§10114)
isomers, whether growing or not, with
Other provisions regarding hemp are
a delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol
contained in the bil ’s Miscellaneous title
concentration of not more than 0.3
(§12619), Research title (§7501,
percent on a dry weight basis.”
§7605, and §7129), and Crop
Authorizes appropriations “such sums
7129), and Crop Insurance title (§11101, §§11106,
as are necessary” for USDA to support
§11113, §11119, and §11121)
and enforce state and tribal plans. (§10111, §10112)
Chemical Regulation and Information Collection
Role of states in regulation of
Amends FIFRA to define state lead
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
pesticides. The Federal Insecticide,
agency and requires EPA to cooperate
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
with federal agencies and state agencies
governs the sale, distribution, and use of regarding FIFRA regulations. Authorizes pesticides through registration (i.e.,
EPA to award cooperative agreements
licensing), which includes the approval
to states and tribes to ensure uniformity
of a label specifying its proper use.
of FIFRA regulations. Expressly
CRS-296
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
FIFRA requires EPA to cooperate with
preempts political subdivisions of a
federal and state agencies in
state, but not a state, from regulating
administering the act and its regulations
the sale and use of pesticides within
and authorizes EPA to award
their respective jurisdictions. (§9101)
11106, §11113, §11119, and §11121)
|
Chemical Regulation and Information Collection
|
Role of states in regulation of pesticides. The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) governs the sale, distribution, and use of pesticides through registration (i.e., licensing), which includes the approval of a label specifying its proper use. FIFRA requires EPA to cooperate with federal and state agencies in administering the act and its regulations and authorizes EPA to award cooperative agreements to enforce the act. FIFRA provides that states may regulate the sale or use of any federally registered pesticide in their respective jurisdictions but only if and to the extent the regulation does not permit any sale or use prohibited under the act. (7 U.S.C. 136, 136t, 136u, 136v, 136w)
Pesticide registrations;
Amends FIFRA to require EPA to
No comparable provision.
Substitutes House provisions (§§9111,
experimental use permits. FIFRA
determine that certain agency actions
9112, 9113, 9114, 9115, and 9116)
Section 3 specifies criteria for the
are not likely to jeopardize the survival
with an amendment that establishes an
registration of a pesticide by EPA,
of a federally listed threatened or
interagency working group and requires
establishes a process for the periodic
endangered species or alter critical
certain reports in Section 3 of FIFRA.
review of existing pesticide
habitat in a way that affects the survival
(§10115)
registrations, and authorizes EPA to
and recovery of such species and
conditionally grant the registration of a
expressly states that EPA is not
pesticide if it meets certain criteria.
required to consult with FWS and
FIFRA Section 5 governs the issuance of
NMFS under ESA unless requested by
experimental use permits for pesticides.
an applicant for a pesticide registration.
(7 U.S.C. 136a, 136c, 136d)
Requires EPA to consider certain
ESA authorizes federal agencies, such as
information when making such a
EPA, to consult with the Interior
determination and engage in
Department’s Fish and Wildlife Service
col aboration with other federal
(FWS) and the Commerce
agencies. (§9111, 9112)
Department’136w)
|
Amends FIFRA to define state lead agency and requires EPA to cooperate with federal agencies and state agencies regarding FIFRA regulations. Authorizes EPA to award cooperative agreements to states and tribes to ensure uniformity of FIFRA regulations. Expressly preempts political subdivisions of a state, but not a state, from regulating the sale and use of pesticides within their respective jurisdictions. (§9101)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Pesticide registrations; experimental use permits. FIFRA Section 3 specifies criteria for the registration of a pesticide by EPA, establishes a process for the periodic review of existing pesticide registrations, and authorizes EPA to conditionally grant the registration of a pesticide if it meets certain criteria. FIFRA Section 5 governs the issuance of experimental use permits for pesticides. (7 U.S.C. 136a, 136c, 136d)
ESA authorizes federal agencies, such as EPA, to consult with the Interior Department's Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the Commerce Department's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) when federal agency actions may likely jeopardize the continued existence of any endangered or threatened species or adversely modify their critical habitat. (16 U.S.C. 1536)
CRS-297
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Administrative review; suspension.
Authorizes EPA to initiate proceedings
No comparable provision.
Substitutes House provisions (§§9111,
FIFRA Section 6 governs the
to cancel a pesticide registration or
9112, 9113, 9114, 9115, and 9116)
cancellation, change in classification, or
change a pesticide’s classification if the
with an amendment that establishes an
suspension of a pesticide registration. (7 agency determines that the proper use
interagency working group and requires
U.S.C. 136d)
of the registered pesticide jeopardizes
certain reports in Section 3 of FIFRA.
1536)
|
Amends FIFRA to require EPA to determine that certain agency actions are not likely to jeopardize the survival of a federally listed threatened or endangered species or alter critical habitat in a way that affects the survival and recovery of such species and expressly states that EPA is not required to consult with FWS and NMFS under ESA unless requested by an applicant for a pesticide registration. Requires EPA to consider certain information when making such a determination and engage in collaboration with other federal agencies. (§9111, 9112)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Substitutes House provisions (§§9111, 9112, 9113, 9114, 9115, and 9116) with an amendment that establishes an interagency working group and requires certain reports in Section 3 of FIFRA. (§10115)
|
Administrative review; suspension. FIFRA Section 6 governs the cancellation, change in classification, or suspension of a pesticide registration. (7 U.S.C. 136d)
|
Authorizes EPA to initiate proceedings to cancel a pesticide registration or change a pesticide's classification if the agency determines that the proper use of the registered pesticide jeopardizes the survival of a federally listed species the survival of a federally listed species
(§10115)
or alters critical habitat in a way that affects the survival and recovery of such species. (§9113)
Unlawful acts. FIFRA Section 12
Clarifies that any taking of federally
No comparable provision.
species. (§9113)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Substitutes House provisions (§§9111, 9112, 9113, 9114, 9115, and 9116) with an amendment that establishes an interagency working group and requires certain reports in Section 3 of FIFRA. (§10115)
|
Unlawful acts. FIFRA Section 12 specifies unlawful acts that are subject to civil or criminal penalties. (7 U.S.C. 136j)
|
Clarifies that any taking of federally listed species incidental to the lawful use of a pesticide that EPA has determined not to jeopardize the survival of such species or alter their critical habitat shall not be considered unlawful under ESA. (§9114)
|
No comparable provision.
|
9111,
specifies unlawful acts that are subject
listed species incidental to the lawful use
9112, 9113, 9114, 9115, and 9116)
to civil or criminal penalties. (7 U.S.C.
of a pesticide that EPA has determined
with an amendment that establishes an
136j)
not to jeopardize the survival of such
interagency working group and requires
species or alter their critical habitat shall
certain reports in Section 3 of FIFRA.
not be considered unlawful under ESA.
(§10115)
(§9114)
Authority of states. FIFRA Section 24 Amends requirements regarding state
No comparable provision.
Substitutes House provisions (§§9111, 9112, 9113, 9114, 9115, and 9116) with an amendment that establishes an interagency working group and requires certain reports in Section 3 of FIFRA. (§10115)
|
Authority of states. FIFRA Section 24 authorizes a state to register EPA-registered pesticides for additional uses to meet special local needs within the state if EPA had not previously disapproved such uses. (7 U.S.C. 136v)
|
Amends requirements regarding state pesticide registrations and federally listed species considerations. Repeals EPA authority to suspend the authority of a state to register pesticides for not exercising adequate controls. (§9115)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Substitutes House provisions (§§9111, 9112, 9113, 9114, 9115, and 9116) with an amendment that establishes an interagency working group and requires certain reports in Section 3 of FIFRA. (§10115)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Directs EPA to publish, and revise as appropriate, a work plan and processes for completing determinations on whether the registration of a pesticide would jeopardize the survival of federally listed threatened or 9111,
authorizes a state to register EPA-
pesticide registrations and federally
9112, 9113, 9114, 9115, and 9116)
registered pesticides for additional uses
listed species considerations. Repeals
with an amendment that establishes an
to meet special local needs within the
EPA authority to suspend the authority
interagency working group and requires
state if EPA had not previously
of a state to register pesticides for not
certain reports in Section 3 of FIFRA.
disapproved such uses. (7 U.S.C.
exercising adequate controls. (§9115)
(§10115)
136v)
No comparable provision.
Directs EPA to publish, and revise as
No comparable provision.
Substitutes House provisions (§§9111,
appropriate, a work plan and processes
9112, 9113, 9114, 9115, and 9116)
for completing determinations on
with an amendment that establishes an
whether the registration of a pesticide
interagency working group and requires
would jeopardize the survival of
certain reports in Section 3 of FIFRA.
federally listed threatened or
(§10115)
endangered species or would alter their critical habitat. (§9116)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Substitutes House provisions (§§9111, 9112, 9113, 9114, 9115, and 9116) with an amendment that establishes an interagency working group and requires certain reports in Section 3 of FIFRA. (§10115)
|
Use and discharges of authorized pesticides. FIFRA Section 3 directs EPA to register pesticides that have a pesticidal effect and, when used in conformance with labeling directions, do not present unreasonable adverse effects on human health or the environment. Pesticide registrations govern the sale, distribution, and use of a pesticide. (7 U.S.C. 136a) The Clean §9116)
Use and discharges of authorized
Amends FIFRA to prohibit EPA or a
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
pesticides. FIFRA Section 3 directs
state from requiring a permit for point
EPA to register pesticides that have a
source discharges of a pesticide
pesticidal effect and, when used in
registered under FIFRA into navigable
CRS-298
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
conformance with labeling directions,
waters except in specific circumstances
do not present unreasonable adverse
provided under new CWA Section
effects on human health or the
402(s). (§9117) Amends the CWA to
environment. Pesticide registrations
prohibit EPA or a state from requiring a
govern the sale, distribution, and use of
permit for point source discharges of a
a pesticide. (7 U.S.C. 136a) The Clean pesticide registered under FIFRA into Water Act (CWA) makes it unlawful to
navigable waters. Defines circumstances
Water Act (CWA) makes it unlawful to discharge any pollutantpol utant into navigable waters unless specifically authorized by
where a permit would be required (e.g.,
waters unless specifically authorized by
pesticide applications in violation of
a permit, such as a permit for the
FIFRA, stormwater discharges, industrial
discharge of a pol utant or group of
or treatment works effluents, and
pol utants from a point source into
certain vessel discharges). (§9118)
discharge of a pollutant or group of pollutants from a point source into navigable waters under Section 402. Any person who unlawfullyunlawful y discharges a pollutantpol utant is subject to civil/criminal penalties. (33 U.S.C. 1342)
Pesticide general permits cover most discharges of biological and chemical pesticides into navigable waters.
Pesticide registration fees
Enacts into law H.R. 1029 of the 115th
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
reauthorization. FIFRA authorizes
Congress, entitled the Pesticide
EPA to col ect fees from pesticide
Registration Improvement Enhancement
manufacturers for the maintenance of
Act of 2017. As passed by the House on
existing pesticide registrations and
March 20, 2017, H.R. 1029 would
evaluation of applications to register
amend FIFRA to extend the authority to
new pesticides, amend existing
col ect pesticide fees and for other
registrations, or related activities. (7
purposes. (§9119)
U.S.C. 136 et seq.)
Collection of Pesticide Use
No comparable provision.
Requires USDA, acting through the
Similar to Senate provision but provides
Information. Requires USDA
Office of Pest Management Policy (see
CCC funding of $500,000 for FY2019 to
coordinate with EPA in designing
Section 7306), to conduct a multiple
remain available until expended.
surveys of farmers on the use of
crop and pesticide use survey of farmers (§10109)
pesticides to control pests and diseases
to col ect data for risk assessment
of major crops, including fruits and
modeling and mitigation for an active
vegetables, and make results available to
ingredient. Requires USDA to submit
EPA. (7 U.S.C. 136i–2)
the survey to EPA. Authorizes
CRS-299
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
appropriations of $2.5 mil ion to remain available until expended. (§10109)
Methyl bromide. Section 419 of the
Requires USDA to establish a process
No comparable provision.
Substitutes House provision with an
Plant Protection Act provides that
to determine authorized methyl
amendment that requires a study on
USDA—in consultation with state, local
bromide uses in response to an
methyl bromide use in response to an
and tribal authorities—shall establish a
emergency event. Amends the definition
emergency event. (§10116)
program to identify alternatives to
of an emergency event. Sets limitations
methyl bromide for treatment and
on use per emergency event to allow
control of plant pests and weeds. For
for up to 20 metric tons of methyl
uses where no registered, effective,
pesticides into navigable waters.
|
Amends FIFRA to prohibit EPA or a state from requiring a permit for point source discharges of a pesticide registered under FIFRA into navigable waters except in specific circumstances provided under new CWA Section 402(s). (§9117) Amends the CWA to prohibit EPA or a state from requiring a permit for point source discharges of a pesticide registered under FIFRA into navigable waters. Defines circumstances where a permit would be required (e.g., pesticide applications in violation of FIFRA, stormwater discharges, industrial or treatment works effluents, and certain vessel discharges). (§9118)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Pesticide registration fees reauthorization. FIFRA authorizes EPA to collect fees from pesticide manufacturers for the maintenance of existing pesticide registrations and evaluation of applications to register new pesticides, amend existing registrations, or related activities. (7 U.S.C. 136 et seq.)
|
Enacts into law H.R. 1029 of the 115th Congress, entitled the Pesticide Registration Improvement Enhancement Act of 2017. As passed by the House on March 20, 2017, H.R. 1029 would amend FIFRA to extend the authority to collect pesticide fees and for other purposes. (§9119)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Collection of Pesticide Use Information. Requires USDA coordinate with EPA in designing surveys of farmers on the use of pesticides to control pests and diseases of major crops, including fruits and vegetables, and make results available to EPA. (7 U.S.C. 136i–2)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires USDA, acting through the Office of Pest Management Policy (see Section 7306), to conduct a multiple crop and pesticide use survey of farmers to collect data for risk assessment modeling and mitigation for an active ingredient. Requires USDA to submit the survey to EPA. Authorizes appropriations of $2.5 million to remain available until expended. (§10109)
|
Similar to Senate provision but provides CCC funding of $500,000 for FY2019 to remain available until expended. (§10109)
|
Methyl bromide. Section 419 of the Plant Protection Act provides that USDA—in consultation with state, local and tribal authorities—shall establish a program to identify alternatives to methyl bromide for treatment and control of plant pests and weeds. For uses where no registered, effective, economically feasible alternatives available can currently be identified, USDA shall initiate research programs to develop alternative methods of control and treatment. (7 U.S.C. 7719)
|
Requires USDA to establish a process to determine authorized methyl bromide uses in response to an emergency event. Amends the definition of an emergency event. Sets limitations on use per emergency event to allow for up to 20 metric tons of methyl bromide to be used per event at a bromide to be used per event at a
economically feasible alternatives
specific location. (§9121)
available can currently be identified, USDA shall initiate research programs to develop alternative methods of control and treatment. (7 U.S.C. 7719)
Definition of retail facilities.
Requires OSHA to revise the PSM
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Occupational Safety and Health Act of
standard to formally define retail facility
1970 (OSHA) regulations exempt retail
in accordance with its current, income-
facilities from its standards for Process
based definition. (§9131)
specific location. (§9121)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Substitutes House provision with an amendment that requires a study on methyl bromide use in response to an emergency event. (§10116)
|
Definition of retail facilities. Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHA) regulations exempt retail facilities from its standards for Process Safety Management (PSM) of Highly Hazardous Chemicals. While current regulations do not define the term retail facility, OSHA, in accordance with a ruling of the U.S. Court of Appeals, considers a facility to be a retail facility if more than half of the facility'’s income is obtained from direct sales to end users. (29 U.S.C. 655)
|
Requires OSHA to revise the PSM standard to formally define retail facility in accordance with its current, income-based definition. (§9131)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Report on regulation of plant biostimulants. Plant biostimulant is not defined in current law or regulation. Plant biostimulants that meet the definition of a "plant regulator" under FIFRA (7 U.S.C. Section 136 et seq.) are subject to requirements under the act.
|
Requires USDA—in consultation with EPA, states, and stakeholders—to submit a report to the President and Congress that identifies potential regulatory and legislative reforms to ensure the expeditious and appropriate review, approval, uniform national
Report on regulation of plant
Requires USDA—in consultation with
No comparable provision.
Substitutes House provision with an
biostimulants. Plant biostimulant is not
EPA, states, and stakeholders—to
amendment that authorizes a study
defined in current law or regulation.
submit a report to the President and
including authority for USDA to modify
Plant biostimulants that meet the
Congress that identifies potential
the description of plant biostimulant.
definition of a “plant regulator” under
regulatory and legislative reforms to
(§10111)
FIFRA (7 U.S.C. Section 136 et seq.) are
ensure the expeditious and appropriate
subject to requirements under the act.
review, approval, uniform national
CRS-300
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
labeling, and availability of plant biostimulant products to agricultural producers. Defines plant biostimulant for purposes of the section. (§9201)
CRS-301
Table 15. Crop Insurance
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
purposes of the section. (§9201)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Substitutes House provision with an amendment that authorizes a study including authority for USDA to modify the description of plant biostimulant. (§10111)
|
Prior Current Law/Policy
|
Prior Current Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
(H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Definitions
The Federal Crop Insurance Act lists
No comparable provision.
Cover crop termination: a practice
Identical to Senate provision. (§11101)
defined terms used in the statute. (7
that historically and under reasonable
U.S.C. 1502(b))
P.L. 115-334)
|
Definitions
|
The Federal Crop Insurance Act lists defined terms used in the statute. (7 U.S.C. 1502(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Cover crop termination: a practice that historically and under reasonable circumstances results in the termination of the growth of a cover crop.
Hemp: the meaning given the term in Section 297A of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946. (§11101)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§11101)
|
Data Collection and Sharing of Records
|
Data Collection. Requires the Federal No comparable provision.
Requires the National Agricultural
Identical to Senate provision. (§11102)
Crop Insurance Corporation (FCIC) to
Statistics Service (NASS) to share data
assemble data for the purpose of
in aggregate form with FCIC for the
establishing sound actuarial bases for
purpose of providing insurance and to
insurance of agricultural commodities.
maintain the confidentiality of the data
(7 U.S.C. 1506(h)(2))
Data Collection. Requires the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation (FCIC) to assemble data for the purpose of establishing sound actuarial bases for insurance of agricultural commodities. (7 U.S.C. 1506(h)(2))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) to share data in aggregate form with FCIC for the purpose of providing insurance and to maintain the confidentiality of the data in the same manner and extent required under section 1770 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 2276) and the Confidential Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act of 2002 (44 U.S.C. 3501). Requires USDA to ensure that "“appropriate data" are collected” are col ected by the Farm Service Agency (FSA) in the noninsured crop disaster assistance program, that FSA shares that data with FCIC, and that FCIC considers the data at least once a year. (§11102)
|
Sharing of Records. Requires sharing
No comparable provision.
Requires the Secretary of Agriculture to Identical to Senate provision. (§11102)
|
Sharing of Records. Requires sharing of records with USDA agencies and local offices, appropriate state and federal agencies and divisions, and Approved Insurance Providers (AIPs) in carrying out certain crop insurance and noninsured crop assistance (NAP) functions, subject to certain statutory limitations. (7 U.S.C. 1506(h)(3))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires the Secretary of Agriculture to share records for program purposes with private developers of crop insurance products who have received payment under section 522(b)(2)(E) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (FCIA) (7 U.S.C. 1522(b)(2)(E)). (§11103)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§11103)
|
Specifies resources the FCIC board should use: in (1) classifying land as to risk and production capability and in the development of acceptable conservation practices, (2) developing a timber insurance plan, (3) in determining individual producer yields, and (4) consulting federal agencies as necessary. (7 U.S.C. 1507(f))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Updates how the FCIC board should use resources, data, and collaborate with USDA agencies, and other federal agencies for multiple purposes, including: (1) working with FSA to determine individual producer yields, to share information on disadvantaged farmers and ranchers, to investigate potential waste, fraud, and abuse, and to share information to support the transition of crops from the noninsured crop disaster assistance program to crop insurance; (2) working with the Natural Resource Conservation Service 11103)
of records with USDA agencies and
share records for program purposes
local offices, appropriate state and
with private developers of crop
federal agencies and divisions, and
insurance products who have received
Approved Insurance Providers (AIPs) in
payment under section 522(b)(2)(E) of
carrying out certain crop insurance and
the Federal Crop Insurance Act (FCIA)
noninsured crop assistance (NAP)
(7 U.S.C. 1522(b)(2)(E)). (§11103)
CRS-302
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Current Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
functions, subject to certain statutory limitations. (7 U.S.C. 1506(h)(3))
Specifies resources the FCIC
No comparable provision.
Updates how the FCIC board should
Similar to Senate provision except
board should use: in (1) classifying
use resources, data, and col aborate
modifies paragraph (3) on use of
land as to risk and production capability
with USDA agencies, and other federal
resources, data, boards, and committees
and in the development of acceptable
agencies for multiple purposes,
of federal agencies by providing greater
conservation practices, (2) developing a
including: (1) working with FSA to
discretion to the FCIC board in using
timber insurance plan, (3) in
determine individual producer yields, to
NRCS data by adding “If the Board
determining individual producer yields,
share information on disadvantaged
determines it is necessary” before “The
and (4) consulting federal agencies as
farmers and ranchers, to investigate
Board shall use, to the maximum extent
necessary. (7 U.S.C. 1507(f))
potential waste, fraud, and abuse, and to practicable, the resources, data, boards, share information to support the
and the committees of the NRCS, and
transition of crops from the noninsured
by removing weather variability impacts
crop disaster assistance program to
and long-term trends and opportunities
crop insurance; (2) working with the
to mitigate those impacts from topics
Natural Resource Conservation Service
for which the Board may use NRCS
(NRCS) to classify land as to risk and
data.” (§11104)
(NRCS) to classify land as to risk and production capacity, to assess long-term trends and impacts from weather variability, and to consider acceptable conservation practices; and (3) working with other federal agencies as necessary. (§11104)
Specialty Crops
Specialty Crops Coordinator.
No comparable provision.
Requires the Specialty Crop
Similar to Senate provision except does
Requires FCIC to establish the position
Coordinator to: (1) designate a
not include specific requirements for
of Specialty Crops Coordinator with
Specialty Crops Liaison in each regional
the content of the website focused on
the primary responsibility of addressing
field office, (2) share the contact
federal crop insurance for specialty
the needs of specialty crop producers,
information of the Specialty Crops
crops. (§11105(a))
among other duties related to specialty
Liaisons with specialty crop producers,
crops. Requires the Specialty Crops
and (3) establish a website focused on
Coordinator to use information
crop insurance for specialty crop
col ected from FCIC field office
producers. The website must include an
directors and other sources, including
online mechanism to provide comments
extension service and col eges and
or feedback, a calendar of opportunities
universities, in states in which specialty
and events related to specialty crops,
CRS-303
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Current Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
crops have a significant economic effect.
and a plan for examining potential new
(7 U.S.C. 507(g))
necessary. (§11104)
|
Similar to Senate provision except modifies paragraph (3) on use of resources, data, boards, and committees of federal agencies by providing greater discretion to the FCIC board in using NRCS data by adding "If the Board determines it is necessary" before "The Board shall use, to the maximum extent practicable, the resources, data, boards, and the committees of the NRCS, and by removing weather variability impacts and long-term trends and opportunities to mitigate those impacts from topics for which the Board may use NRCS data." (§11104)
|
Specialty Crops
|
Specialty Crops Coordinator. Requires FCIC to establish the position of Specialty Crops Coordinator with the primary responsibility of addressing the needs of specialty crop producers, among other duties related to specialty crops. Requires the Specialty Crops Coordinator to use information collected from FCIC field office directors and other sources, including extension service and colleges and universities, in states in which specialty crops have a significant economic effect. (7 U.S.C. 507(g))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires the Specialty Crop Coordinator to: (1) designate a Specialty Crops Liaison in each regional field office, (2) share the contact information of the Specialty Crops Liaisons with specialty crop producers, and (3) establish a website focused on crop insurance for specialty crop producers. The website must include an online mechanism to provide comments or feedback, a calendar of opportunities and events related to specialty crops, and a plan for examining potential new crops to be added to existing policies or plans of insurance for specialty crops, opportunities to expand existing policies
or plans, and the potential for providing additional policies or plans of insurance for specialty crops, such as adding a revenue option or endorsement. (§11105(a))
Addition of New and Specialty
No comparable provision
Requires the FCIC manager (usually the
Similar to Senate provision except
Crops. Requires data col ection,
RMA administrator) to annually present
decreases the number of required
reporting to Congress on progress and
research and development to the FCIC
actions from two of the three listed to
timetable for expanding coverage to
board for not less than two of the
one. (§11105(b))
new and specialty crops, reporting to
fol owing: (1) an insurance policy or plan
Congress on the feasibility of crop
for a new crop; (2) expansion of existing
insurance offerings for specialized
insurance to additional counties or
producers of vegetables and other
states, including malting barley
perishable crops who market through
endorsements or contract options; and
direct marketing channels, and
(3) research and development for a new
completion of a feasibility study and
policy or plan of insurance for crops
limited pilot program on the feasibility
with existing insurance, such as dol ar
of insuring nursery crops. (7 U.S.C.
plans. (§11105(b))
508(a)(6))
Insurance Policy Provisions
Prohibits coverage of post-harvest
No comparable provision.
Adds hemp to the crops for which post-
Identical to Senate provision. (§11106)
losses, except for tobacco, potatoes,
harvest losses may be covered.
and sweet potatoes. (7 U.S.C.
(§11106)
508(a)(2))
Consideration for good farming
No comparable provision.
Clarifies conditions for voluntary
Similar to Senate provision except
practices. Excludes coverage for losses
conservation practices, including cover
expands FCIC’s authority to establish
due to the failure of the producer to
crop termination, to be considered as
exceptions to cover crop termination
fol ow good farming practices, including
good farming practices. Specifies that
guidelines by allowing FCIC to override
scientifically sound sustainable and
cover crop termination shall not affect
an agricultural expert’s opinion if FCIC
organic farming practices. (7 U.S.C.
the insurability of a subsequently
finds it unreasonable and also makes
508(a)(3)(A)(iii))
planted insurable crop if the cover crop
CRS-304
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Current Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
termination is carried out according to
technical changes and reorders
guidelines approved by the Secretary of
additional paragraphs. (§11107)
revenue option or endorsement. (§11105(a))
|
Similar to Senate provision except does not include specific requirements for the content of the website focused on federal crop insurance for specialty crops. (§11105(a))
|
Addition of New and Specialty Crops. Requires data collection, reporting to Congress on progress and timetable for expanding coverage to new and specialty crops, reporting to Congress on the feasibility of crop insurance offerings for specialized producers of vegetables and other perishable crops who market through direct marketing channels, and completion of a feasibility study and limited pilot program on the feasibility of insuring nursery crops. (7 U.S.C. 508(a)(6))
|
No comparable provision
|
Requires the FCIC manager (usually the RMA administrator) to annually present research and development to the FCIC board for not less than two of the following: (1) an insurance policy or plan for a new crop; (2) expansion of existing insurance to additional counties or states, including malting barley endorsements or contract options; and (3) research and development for a new policy or plan of insurance for crops with existing insurance, such as dollar plans. (§11105(b))
|
Similar to Senate provision except decreases the number of required actions from two of the three listed to one. (§11105(b))
|
Insurance Policy Provisions
|
|
|
|
Prohibits coverage of post-harvest losses, except for tobacco, potatoes, and sweet potatoes. (7 U.S.C. 508(a)(2))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds hemp to the crops for which post-harvest losses may be covered. (§11106)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§11106)
|
Consideration for good farming practices. Excludes coverage for losses due to the failure of the producer to follow good farming practices, including scientifically sound sustainable and organic farming practices. (7 U.S.C. 508(a)(3)(A)(iii))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Clarifies conditions for voluntary conservation practices, including cover crop termination, to be considered as good farming practices. Specifies that cover crop termination shall not affect the insurability of a subsequently planted insurable crop if the cover crop termination is carried out according to guidelines approved by the Secretary of Agriculture, NRCS, or an agricultural expert recognized by FCIC. (§11107)
Defines adequately served. Requires
No comparable provision.
Defines underserved producer as a
Similar to Senate provision except
the FCIC board to review polices and
beginning farmer or rancher, a veteran
clarifies that tribal members are
plans of insurance to determine if each
farmer or rancher, or a socially
considered individuals for purposes of
state is adequately served, requires the
disadvantaged farmer or rancher.
the definition of underserved
FCIC board to report to Congress on
Requires the FCIC board to examine
producers. (§11108)
its review and provide
expert recognized by FCIC. (§11107)
|
Similar to Senate provision except expands FCIC's authority to establish exceptions to cover crop termination guidelines by allowing FCIC to override an agricultural expert's opinion if FCIC finds it unreasonable and also makes technical changes and reorders additional paragraphs. (§11107)
|
Defines adequately served. Requires the FCIC board to review polices and plans of insurance to determine if each state is adequately served, requires the FCIC board to report to Congress on its review and provide recommendations to increase participation in states that are not adequately served. (7 U.S.C. 508(a)(7))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Defines underserved producer as a beginning farmer or rancher, a veteran farmer or rancher, or a socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher. Requires the FCIC board to examine the types of production common among the types of production common among
recommendations to increase
underserved producers, and to publish reports to the public and Congress on its findings and recommendations on the
participation in states that are not
reports to the public and Congress on
adequately served. (7 U.S.C.
its findings and recommendations on the
508(a)(7))
needs of underserved producers at least once every 3 years. (§11108)
Forage and Grazing
Catastrophic risk protection.
Strikes the exception that catastrophic
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision.
Requires FCIC to offer catastrophic risk risk protection plans shall not be
(§11109(a))
protection (high-deductible coverage)
available for crops and grasses used for
for all crops except for “once every 3 years. (§11108)
|
Similar to Senate provision except clarifies that tribal members are considered individuals for purposes of the definition of underserved producers. (§11108)
|
Forage and Grazing
|
Catastrophic risk protection. Requires FCIC to offer catastrophic risk protection (high-deductible coverage) for all crops except for "crops and crops and
grazing. (§10001(a))
grasses used for grazing."” (7 U.S.C. 1508(b)(1))
Ineligible producers. Makes
Provides an exception to the limitation
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
producers ineligible to receive both
on multiple benefits for the same loss
catastrophic risk protection benefits and for coverage described in the new other assistance for the same loss under Section 508D of the FCIA. (§10001(b)) 1508(b)(1))
|
Strikes the exception that catastrophic risk protection plans shall not be available for crops and grasses used for grazing. (§10001(a))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§11109(a))
|
Ineligible producers. Makes producers ineligible to receive both catastrophic risk protection benefits and other assistance for the same loss under any program administered by USDA, with the exception of certain emergency loans. (7 U.S.C. 1508(n)(1),(2))
No comparable provision.
Expanded coverage for forage and
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision with
grazing. Adds a new Section 508D,
technical modifications to clarify that
which permits separate crop insurance
the provision allows producers to
policies, including a catastrophic risk
purchase separate policies for each
protection plan, to be purchased for
intended use, as determined by FCIC,
CRS-305
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Current Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
crops that can be both grazed and
and any indemnity paid under those
mechanically harvested on the same
policies for each intended use shall not
acres during the same growing season.
be considered the same loss for the
Such separate policies can be
purposes of 7 U.S.C. 1508(n).
independently indemnified for each
(§11109(b))
intended use. (§10001(c))
CAT fees. Sets the administrative fee
Increases the administrative basic fee to
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision except
for catastrophic risk protection
$500 per crop per county. (§10002)
increases CAT fee from $300 to $655
(commonly referred to as CAT fees) at
(instead of $500) per crop per county.
$300 per crop per county. (7 U.S.C.
(§11110)
1508(b)(5)(A))
Additional 1508(n)(1),(2))
|
Provides an exception to the limitation on multiple benefits for the same loss for coverage described in the new Section 508D of the FCIA. (§10001(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Expanded coverage for forage and grazing. Adds a new Section 508D, which permits separate crop insurance policies, including a catastrophic risk protection plan, to be purchased for crops that can be both grazed and mechanically harvested on the same acres during the same growing season. Such separate policies can be independently indemnified for each intended use. (§10001(c))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision with technical modifications to clarify that the provision allows producers to purchase separate policies for each intended use, as determined by FCIC, and any indemnity paid under those policies for each intended use shall not be considered the same loss for the purposes of 7 U.S.C. 1508(n). (§11109(b))
|
CAT fees. Sets the administrative fee for catastrophic risk protection (commonly referred to as CAT fees) at $300 per crop per county. (7 U.S.C. 1508(b)(5)(A))
|
Increases the administrative basic fee to $500 per crop per county. (§10002)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision except increases CAT fee from $300 to $655 (instead of $500) per crop per county. (§11110)
|
Additional coverage options. Requires FCIC to offer insurance plans that provide additional coverage, including additional coverage based on an individual yield and loss basis, an area yield and loss basis, an individual yield and loss basis supplemented with coverage based on an area yield and loss basis, or a margin basis. (7 U.S.C. 1508(c)(1))
|
Provides that crops for which the producer has elected agriculture risk coverage (ARC) or that are enrolled in the stacked income protection plan (STAX) are ineligible for coverage based on an area yield and loss basis or coverage based on the supplemental coverage option (SCO). (§10003(a))
Adds conforming amendments. (§10003(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Performance-based premium discounts. Authorizes FCIC to provide performance-based premium discounts to producers with "good insurance or production experience relative to other producers" of the same crop in the same area. (7 U.S.C. 1508(d)(3))
|
Repeals the authority for performance-based discounts for producers. (§10004(a))
Adds conforming amendments. (§10004(b))
|
Authorizes FCIC to offer discounts for risk-reducing practices. Specifies types of practices FCIC shall consider for discounts for the 2020 reinsurance year, including precision irrigation or fertilization, crop rotations, and cover coverage options.
Provides that crops for which the
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Requires FCIC to offer insurance plans
producer has elected agriculture risk
that provide additional coverage,
coverage (ARC) or that are enrol ed in
including additional coverage based on
the stacked income protection plan
an individual yield and loss basis, an area
(STAX) are ineligible for coverage based
yield and loss basis, an individual yield
on an area yield and loss basis or
and loss basis supplemented with
coverage based on the supplemental
coverage based on an area yield and loss coverage option (SCO). (§10003(a)) basis, or a margin basis. (7 U.S.C.
Adds conforming amendments.
1508(c)(1))
(§10003(b))
Performance-based premium
Repeals the authority for performance-
Authorizes FCIC to offer discounts for
No comparable provision.
discounts. Authorizes FCIC to provide based discounts for producers.
risk-reducing practices. Specifies types
performance-based premium discounts
(§10004(a))
of practices FCIC shall consider for
to producers with “good insurance or
Adds conforming amendments.
discounts for the 2020 reinsurance year,
production experience relative to other
(§10004(b))
including precision irrigation or
producers” of the same crop in the
fertilization, crop rotations, and cover
same area. (7 U.S.C. 1508(d)(3))
crops. Requires FCIC to seek expert opinions and consider additional practices based on new evidence on an annual basis. (§11109)
Enterprise units. Authorizes FCIC to
No comparable provision.
Authorizes FCIC to allow a producer to Identical to Senate provision. (§11111)
pay premium subsidies for plans or
establish a single enterprise unit by
polices of insurance with whole farm or
combining enterprise units or enterprise
enterprise units, specifies parameters
units with basic units and optional units
CRS-306
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Current Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
for the premium subsidy percentages
in one or more other counties.
annual basis. (§11109)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Enterprise units. Authorizes FCIC to pay premium subsidies for plans or polices of insurance with whole farm or enterprise units, specifies parameters for the premium subsidy percentages for whole farm or enterprise units, for whole farm or enterprise units,
(§11110)
including a maximum of 80% of premium, and requires FCIC to offer
separate enterprise units for irrigated and nonirrigated acreage of crops in counties beginning in crop year 2015. An enterprise unit consists of all insurable acreage of the same insured crop in the county in which the insured has a share. Enterprise units receive a premium discount compared to smaller units. (7 U.S.C. 1508(e)(5))
Federal premium subsidies. Sets
No comparable provision.
Sets premium subsidies for a member of No comparable provision.
premium subsidy percentages by
an Indian tribe for the first-time
insurance plans, coverage levels, and
purchase of pasture, rangeland, and
units. (7 U.S.C. 1508(e)(5))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Authorizes FCIC to allow a producer to establish a single enterprise unit by combining enterprise units or enterprise units with basic units and optional units in one or more other counties. (§11110)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§11111)
|
Federal premium subsidies. Sets premium subsidy percentages by insurance plans, coverage levels, and practices. (7 U.S.C. 508(e))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Sets premium subsidies for a member of an Indian tribe for the first-time purchase of pasture, rangeland, and forage insurance at 90% of premium. (§11111)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Calculation of APH yields. Details how FCIC determines yields and provides exceptions to the calculation of actual production history (APH) yields, such as transitional yields and yield exclusion options. (7 U.S.C. 1508(g))
|
Requires FCIC to establish underwriting rules that would give producers the choice to limit their APH decreases to 10% of the previous year's APH. Requires actuarially sound premiums to cover the additional risk. (§10005)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§11112)
|
Submission of policies and materials to FCIC boardpractices. (7 U.S.C. 508(e))
forage insurance at 90% of premium. (§11111)
Calculation of APH yields. Details
Requires FCIC to establish underwriting
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§11112)
how FCIC determines yields and
rules that would give producers the
provides exceptions to the calculation
choice to limit their APH decreases to
of actual production history (APH)
10% of the previous year’s APH.
yields, such as transitional yields and
Requires actuarially sound premiums to
yield exclusion options. (7 U.S.C.
cover the additional risk. (§10005)
1508(g))
Submission of policies and
No comparable provision.
Authorizes FCIC to waive certain
Identical to Senate provision. (§11113)
materials to FCIC board. Authorizes
viability and marketability requirements
. Authorizes the FCIC board to review and evaluate private submissions for new crop insurance policies or provisions, or
in the case of a policy or pilot program
private submissions for new crop
relating to the production of hemp.
insurance policies or provisions, or
(§11112)
premium rates. Approved submissions are eligible for cost reimbursement, premium subsidies, administrative and operating subsidy, and reinsurance by FCIC. Requires private submitters to show that proposed submissions are
CRS-307
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Current Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
viable and marketable, among other requirements. (7 U.S.C. 1508(h))
Whole farm revenue agent
No comparable provision.
Requires FCIC to pay additional A&O
No comparable provision.
incentives. Sets maximum
to AIPs to pay to agents selling whole
administrative and operating subsidies at
farm revenue policies in certain
24.5% of premium. (7 U.S.C.
circumstances. Sets a minimum of
1508(k)(4))
$1,000 in agent compensation for selling
Approved Insurance Providers (AIPs)
a whole farm revenue policy and an
may not pay more than 80% of
additional $300 for sales to first-time
administrative and operating subsidy
purchasers of the whole farm revenue
(A&O) and catastrophic loss adjustment
policy. To the extent that this provision
expense subsidy (CAT LAE) as a base
allows for compensation that is higher
commission to agents. However, if
than what is allowed in the Standard
certain conditions are met, AIPs may
Reinsurance Agreement (SRA), the
pay up to 100% of A&O and CAT LAE
additional amount is not subject to
to agents. (2011 and subsequent
agent compensation limits under the
Standard Reinsurance
SRA. (§11113)
Agreements, §III(a)(4))
Crop production on native sod
No comparable provision.
Amends the Sodsaver provision to
Similar to Senate provision with
(“Sodsaver”). During the first four
require the loss of four cumulative years amendments. Adds that reductions in
years of planting, crop insurance and
of crop insurance and NAP benefits
benefits, subsequent to enactment, are
NAP benefits are reduced on native sod
fol owing planting on native sod.
for not more than four cumulative years
acreage in Minnesota, Iowa, North
Differentiates between land til ed
during the first 10 years after initial
Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and
between enactment of the 2014 farm
til age. Excludes provisions distinguishing
Nebraska. Provisions include: (1) a
bil and enactment of this bil , and land
between insurable nonhay and
reduction in the crop insurance
til ed subsequent to enactment of this
nonforage crops (as opposed to
premium subsidy by 50 percentage
bil . Nonhay and nonforage insurable
insurable hay and forage crops), as well
points, and NAP fee is doubled; (2)
crops til ed on native sod after
as conversion certification, corrections,
annual data for actual production
enactment are subject to four
annual reports to Congress and the
history are equal to 65% of the
cumulative years of reduced benefits.
option for a governor of a state to elect
transitional yield for all four years rather
For insurable hay and forage crops
to have the requirements apply to the
than the higher, variable percentage
planted on native sod, benefits are
state. (§11114)
applicable for other cropland; and (3)
reduced for four cumulative years
for crop insurance, yield substitutes are
during each crop year of planting.
not allowed; that is, low farm yields
Producers must certify all til age on
must be used in the actual production
native sod using an FSA acreage report
CRS-308
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Current Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
history rather than replacing them with
form and maps. Annual reports to
potentially higher transitional yield (T-
Congress are required on total certified
yield). (On other cropland, producers
acres by state and county. Governors of
can substitute 60% of the T-yield for any
states outside of the six covered under
actual yield below 60% of the T-yield).
the provision may elect to apply
(7 U.S.C. 1508(o))
Sodsaver in their state. (§11114)
Use of NASS data to combat
No comparable provision.
Authorizes FCIC to use NASS data in
Identical to Senate provision. (§11115)
waste, fraud, and abuse. Requires
existing data mining efforts to detect
USDA to develop and implement a
anomalies and identify potential fraud
coordinated plan for FSA to assist FCIC
for audits and other enforcement
in the ongoing monitoring of the federal
actions. (§11115)
requirements. (7 U.S.C. 1508(h))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Authorizes FCIC to waive certain viability and marketability requirements in the case of a policy or pilot program relating to the production of hemp. (§11112)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§11113)
|
Whole farm revenue agent incentives. Sets maximum administrative and operating subsidies at 24.5% of premium. (7 U.S.C. 1508(k)(4))
Approved Insurance Providers (AIPs) may not pay more than 80% of administrative and operating subsidy (A&O) and catastrophic loss adjustment expense subsidy (CAT LAE) as a base commission to agents. However, if certain conditions are met, AIPs may pay up to 100% of A&O and CAT LAE to agents. (2011 and subsequent Standard Reinsurance Agreements, §III(a)(4))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires FCIC to pay additional A&O to AIPs to pay to agents selling whole farm revenue policies in certain circumstances. Sets a minimum of $1,000 in agent compensation for selling a whole farm revenue policy and an additional $300 for sales to first-time purchasers of the whole farm revenue policy. To the extent that this provision allows for compensation that is higher than what is allowed in the Standard Reinsurance Agreement (SRA), the additional amount is not subject to agent compensation limits under the SRA. (§11113)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Crop production on native sod ("Sodsaver"). During the first four years of planting, crop insurance and NAP benefits are reduced on native sod acreage in Minnesota, Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and Nebraska. Provisions include: (1) a reduction in the crop insurance premium subsidy by 50 percentage points, and NAP fee is doubled; (2) annual data for actual production history are equal to 65% of the transitional yield for all four years rather than the higher, variable percentage applicable for other cropland; and (3) for crop insurance, yield substitutes are not allowed; that is, low farm yields must be used in the actual production history rather than replacing them with potentially higher transitional yield (T-yield). (On other cropland, producers can substitute 60% of the T-yield for any actual yield below 60% of the T-yield). (7 U.S.C. 1508(o))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends the Sodsaver provision to require the loss of four cumulative years of crop insurance and NAP benefits following planting on native sod. Differentiates between land tilled between enactment of the 2014 farm bill and enactment of this bill, and land tilled subsequent to enactment of this bill. Nonhay and nonforage insurable crops tilled on native sod after enactment are subject to four cumulative years of reduced benefits. For insurable hay and forage crops planted on native sod, benefits are reduced for four cumulative years during each crop year of planting. Producers must certify all tillage on native sod using an FSA acreage report form and maps. Annual reports to Congress are required on total certified acres by state and county. Governors of states outside of the six covered under the provision may elect to apply Sodsaver in their state. (§11114)
|
Similar to Senate provision with amendments. Adds that reductions in benefits, subsequent to enactment, are for not more than four cumulative years during the first 10 years after initial tillage. Excludes provisions distinguishing between insurable nonhay and nonforage crops (as opposed to insurable hay and forage crops), as well as conversion certification, corrections, annual reports to Congress and the option for a governor of a state to elect to have the requirements apply to the state. (§11114)
|
Use of NASS data to combat waste, fraud, and abuse. Requires USDA to develop and implement a coordinated plan for FSA to assist FCIC in the ongoing monitoring of the federal crop insurance program to identify potential fraud, waste, or abuse. (7 U.S.C. 1515(d)(1))
Submission of policy information
No comparable provision.
Requires AIPs to submit the actual
Similar to Senate provision except limits
to FCIC. Requires the Secretary of
production history used to establish
the submission requirement to policies
Agriculture to establish procedures
insurable yields to FCIC not later than
for a covered commodity (as defined in
outlining required information and
30 days after the applicable production
Section 1111 of 7 U.S.C. 9011) and
deadlines for AIPs to submit policy
reporting date for the crop to be
allows AIPs to correct errors in the
information to FCIC. (7 U.S.C.
insured. (§11116)
submitted information. (§11116)
1515(g))
Acreage report streamlining
No comparable provision.
Requires the Risk Management Agency
No comparable provision.
initiative. Requires the Secretary of
and the Farm Service Agency to
Agriculture to develop and implement
implement a consistent method for
an acreage report streamlining initiative
determining crop acreage, acreage
project to allow producers to report
yields, farm acreage, property
acreage and other information directly
descriptions, and other common
U.S.C. 1515(d)(1))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Authorizes FCIC to use NASS data in existing data mining efforts to detect anomalies and identify potential fraud for audits and other enforcement actions. (§11115)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§11115)
|
Submission of policy information to FCIC. Requires the Secretary of Agriculture to establish procedures outlining required information and deadlines for AIPs to submit policy information to FCIC. (7 U.S.C. 1515(g))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires AIPs to submit the actual production history used to establish insurable yields to FCIC not later than 30 days after the applicable production reporting date for the crop to be insured. (§11116)
|
Similar to Senate provision except limits the submission requirement to policies for a covered commodity (as defined in Section 1111 of 7 U.S.C. 9011) and allows AIPs to correct errors in the submitted information. (§11116)
|
Acreage report streamlining initiative. Requires the Secretary of Agriculture to develop and implement an acreage report streamlining initiative project to allow producers to report acreage and other information directly to USDA. (7 U.S.C. to USDA. (7 U.S.C.
informational requirements, including
1515(j)(1)(B)(ii)).
1515(j)(1)(B)(ii)).
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires the Risk Management Agency and the Farm Service Agency to implement a consistent method for determining crop acreage, acreage yields, farm acreage, property descriptions, and other common informational requirements, including measures of common land units. Requires FCIC to require Approved Insurance Providers to accept reports of crop acreage, acreage yields, and other information from producers or authorized agents in an electronic format. (§11117)
CRS-309
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Current Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
format. (§11117)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Continuing education for loss
Similar to Senate provision except with
adjusters and agentsadjusters and agents. Requires FCIC to establish requirements for continuing
more detailed and expansive education
to establish requirements for continuing
topics. (§11117)
education on conservation and
agronomic practices, including organic and sustainable practices, for loss adjusters and agents of AIPs. (§11118)
Information technology. Requires
Provides $1,000,000 in annual funding
No comparable provision.
the Secretary of Agriculture to maintain
for information technology in fiscal
and upgrade information management
years 2019 and 2020. (§11119)
adjusters and agents of AIPs. (§11118)
|
Similar to Senate provision except with more detailed and expansive education topics. (§11117)
|
Information technology. Requires the Secretary of Agriculture to maintain and upgrade information management systems used to administer the federal systems used to administer the federal
crop insurance program. (7 U.S.C. 1515(j)(1)).
Funding for reviews, compliance,
Reduces the funds available for review,
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§11118)
and program integrity. Provides up
compliance, and program integrity from
to $9,000,000 per fiscal year from the
$9 mil ion to $7 mil ion per fiscal year.
insurance fund for expenses, including
(§10006)
1515(j)(1)).
|
|
Provides $1,000,000 in annual funding for information technology in fiscal years 2019 and 2020. (§11119)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Funding for reviews, compliance, and program integrity. Provides up to $9,000,000 per fiscal year from the insurance fund for expenses, including operating and reviewing plans of operating and reviewing plans of
insurance (including actuarial and related information) and for maintaining the actuarial soundness and financial integrity of the program. Allows the Secretary to merge some or all of the funds into the accounts of the RMA and to obligate the funds. (7 U.S.C. 1516(b)(2)(C)(i) and (ii))
Defines agricultural commodities.
No comparable provision.
Adds hemp to the definition of
Identical to Senate provision. (§11119)
Defines agricultural commodity as “wheat,
agricultural commodity. (§11120)
1516(b)(2)(C)(i) and (ii))
|
Reduces the funds available for review, compliance, and program integrity from $9 million to $7 million per fiscal year. (§10006)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§11118)
|
Defines agricultural commodities. Defines agricultural commodity as "wheat, cotton, flax, corn, dry beans, oats, barley, rye, tobacco, rice, peanuts, soybeans, sugar beets, sugar cane, tomatoes, grain sorghum, sunflowers, raisins, oranges, sweet corn, dry peas, freezing and canning peas, forage, apples, grapes, potatoes, timber and forests, nursery crops, citrus, and other
CRS-310
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Current Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
fruits and vegetables, nuts, tame hay, native grass, aquacultural species (including, but not limited to, any species of finfish, molluskmol usk, crustacean, or
other aquatic invertebrate, amphibian, reptile, or aquatic plant propagated or reared in a controlledcontrol ed or selected environment), or any other agricultural commodity, excluding stored grain, determined by the Board, or any one or more of such commodities, as the context may indicate."” (7 U.S.C. 1518)
Research, development, and
Allows for reimbursement of
Similar to House provision with
maintenance costs. Authorizes FCIC
“reasonable and actual research and
amendments to clarify that the
to contract with private submitters to
development costs” related to policies
limitation of two times the Bureau of
research and develop new crop
that have been approved by the FCIC
Labor Statistics hourly wage rate applies
insurance policies. FCIC may approve
board. Defines reasonable and actual
to any employees or contracted
up to 75% of the projected total
costs as costs based on (1) wage rates
personnel costs, but does not require
research and development costs to be
equal to two times Bureau of Labor
the rates submitted to be the rates
paid in advance to an applicant. Provides Statistics hourly wage rates plus benefits
actually paid. Modifies the requirements
for reimbursement of “reasonable
or (2) actual documented costs incurred
for the FCIC Board to approve or
research and development costs.” (7
by the applicant. Prohibits disapproval of
disapprove the amount of a
U.S.C. 1522(b))
a user fee based on (1) it being
maintenance fee by removing the
compared to a maintenance fee or (2)
provision prohibiting disapproval of a
the potential for the fee to result in a
use fee based on comparisons to
financial gain/loss to the applicant. Limits
maintenance fees or the potential for
discretion of the FCIC board in
the fee to result in financial gain/loss to
approval of user fees. (§10007(a))
1518)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds hemp to the definition of agricultural commodity. (§11120)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§11119)
|
Research, development, and maintenance costs. Authorizes FCIC to contract with private submitters to research and develop new crop insurance policies. FCIC may approve up to 75% of the projected total research and development costs to be paid in advance to an applicant. Provides for reimbursement of "reasonable research and development costs." (7 U.S.C. 1522(b))
|
Allows for reimbursement of "reasonable and actual research and development costs" related to policies that have been approved by the FCIC board. Defines reasonable and actual costs as costs based on (1) wage rates equal to two times Bureau of Labor Statistics hourly wage rates plus benefits or (2) actual documented costs incurred by the applicant. Prohibits disapproval of a user fee based on (1) it being compared to a maintenance fee or (2) the potential for the fee to result in a financial gain/loss to the applicant. Limits discretion of the FCIC board in approval of user fees. (§10007(a))
|
|
Similar to House provision with amendments to clarify that the limitation of two times the Bureau of Labor Statistics hourly wage rate applies to any employees or contracted personnel costs, but does not require the rates submitted to be the rates actually paid. Modifies the requirements for the FCIC Board to approve or disapprove the amount of a maintenance fee by removing the provision prohibiting disapproval of a use fee based on comparisons to maintenance fees or the potential for the fee to result in financial gain/loss to the applicant. Adds that the fee shall remain in effect and not reviewed by the FCIC Board unless specified criteria are met. (§11120(a))
No comparable provision.
Resubmission of reimbursement
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision.
requests. Provides that this section
(§11120(b))
are met. (§11120(a))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Resubmission of reimbursement requests. Provides that this section applies to reimbursement requests made on or after October 1, 2016, and that requests for reimbursement
CRS-311
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Current Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
previously denied between October 1, 2016, and the date of enactment of this act may be resubmitted. (§10007(b))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Authorizes the FCIC board to waive the Identical to Senate provision. (§11121) act may be resubmitted. (§10007(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§11120(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Authorizes the FCIC board to waive the viability and marketability requirements for reimbursement of research and development relating to a policy to insure the production of hemp. (§11121)
Research and Development Authority
Priorities. Authorizes FCIC to
Strikes 16 completed studies and
Requires FCIC to conduct activities or
Adopts House and Senate provisions
conduct activities or contract for
research and development contracts.
enter into contracts to carry out
with some modifications. Adds a factor
research and development efforts to
(§10008(a))
research and development to maintain
for the FCIC board to consider in
maintain or improve existing policies or
Defines beginning farmer or rancher for
or improve existing policies or develop
reviewing the effectiveness of whole
develop new policies. Directs FCIC to
the purposes of research and
new policies. Provides direction for the
farm plans. Amends the provisions on
conduct or contract for specific types of development of whole farm insurance
fol owing priorities: effectiveness of
research and development related to
coverage for specific crops or livestock.
plans as having actively operated and
whole farm plans, irrigated grain
irrigated grain sorghum and limited
(7 U.S.C. 1522(c))
managed a farm or ranch for less than
sorghum, limited irrigation practices,
irrigation practices. Modifies the
10 years. (§10008(b))
quality loss, citrus, greenhouses, hops,
provisions related to quality losses and
local foods, irrigation practices for rice,
local foods. Makes technical
Requires FCIC to contract with one or
and batture lands. (§11122)
modifications to provisions regarding
more qualified entities to conduct
subsurface irrigation practices and
research and development on (1) a
tropical storm/hurricane insurance. Also
policy to insure certain crops due to
removes the reference to a specific
losses due to tropical storms or
river mile location within the Lower
hurricanes; (2) create a separate
Mississippi River Valley from the batture
practice for subsurface irrigation; (3) the
land provision. (§11122)
insure the production of hemp. (§11121)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§11121)
|
Research and Development Authority
|
Priorities. Authorizes FCIC to conduct activities or contract for research and development efforts to maintain or improve existing policies or develop new policies. Directs FCIC to conduct or contract for specific types of coverage for specific crops or livestock. (7 U.S.C. 1522(c))
|
Strikes 16 completed studies and research and development contracts. (§10008(a))
Defines beginning farmer or rancher for the purposes of research and development of whole farm insurance plans as having actively operated and managed a farm or ranch for less than 10 years. (§10008(b))
Requires FCIC to contract with one or more qualified entities to conduct research and development on (1) a policy to insure certain crops due to losses due to tropical storms or hurricanes; (2) create a separate practice for subsurface irrigation; (3) the difference in rates, average yields, and coverage levels of grain sorghum policies as compared to other feed grains within a county (with a reporting requirement of sorghum study results within a year of enactment) and; (4) establish an alternative (and optional) method of adjusting for quality losses
CRS-312
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Current Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
that does not impact the APH of producers. (§10008(c))
Funding. Under Sections 522 and 523
Amends the act to discontinue
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision except
of the FCIA, FCIC may enter into
partnerships for risk management
maintains FCIC’s authority to enter into
contracts to carry out research and
development and implementation and to
public and private partnerships to
development for new crop insurance
reduce CCC funding for research and
develop risk management tools and
policies. (7 U.S.C. 1522 and 1523)
development contracting from $12.5
improve compliance analysis tools and
mil ion to no more than $8 mil ion for
technology. (§11123)
method of adjusting for quality losses that does not impact the APH of producers. (§10008(c))
|
Requires FCIC to conduct activities or enter into contracts to carry out research and development to maintain or improve existing policies or develop new policies. Provides direction for the following priorities: effectiveness of whole farm plans, irrigated grain sorghum, limited irrigation practices, quality loss, citrus, greenhouses, hops, local foods, irrigation practices for rice, and batture lands. (§11122)
|
Adopts House and Senate provisions with some modifications. Adds a factor for the FCIC board to consider in reviewing the effectiveness of whole farm plans. Amends the provisions on research and development related to irrigated grain sorghum and limited irrigation practices. Modifies the provisions related to quality losses and local foods. Makes technical modifications to provisions regarding subsurface irrigation practices and tropical storm/hurricane insurance. Also removes the reference to a specific river mile location within the Lower Mississippi River Valley from the batture land provision. (§11122)
|
Funding. Under Sections 522 and 523 of the FCIA, FCIC may enter into contracts to carry out research and development for new crop insurance policies. (7 U.S.C. 1522 and 1523)
|
Amends the act to discontinue partnerships for risk management development and implementation and to reduce CCC funding for research and development contracting from $12.5 million to no more than $8 million for FY2019 and each subsequent fiscal year. (§10009)
Pilot programs. Requires the FCIC
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Adopts technical amendment adding a
board to approve two or more
period to the end of 7 U.S.C.
proposed policies or plans of insurance
1523(i)(3)(A). (§11124)
(§10009)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision except maintains FCIC's authority to enter into public and private partnerships to develop risk management tools and improve compliance analysis tools and technology. (§11123)
|
Pilot programs. Requires the FCIC board to approve two or more proposed policies or plans of insurance from AIPs if the policies or plans meet certain criteria. (7 U.S.C. 1523(i)(3)(A))
Education and Risk Management Assistance
Underserved states. Authorizes
Eliminates the crop insurance education
Adds conservation activities to the list
Similar to House provision except
FCIC to establish a program for crop
and information program for targeted
of risk management activities that are
consolidates crop insurance education
insurance education and information to
states carried out by RMA and AMA
eligible for competitive educational
grants for underserved producers with
producers in states where federal crop
and reauthorizes the risk management
grants. (§11123)
the Partnerships for Risk Management
insurance participation and availability
education and assistance carried out
Education in 7 U.S.C. 1524 and
are low and producers are underserved
through NIFA.
maintains the AMA program. Adopts
by the federal crop insurance program.
Directs the FCIC insurance fund to
the Senate provision adding conservation
(7 U.S.C. 1524(a)(2))
transfer $5 mil ion for FY2018 and each
activities to the list of allowable activities
1523(i)(3)(A))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adopts technical amendment adding a period to the end of 7 U.S.C. 1523(i)(3)(A). (§11124)
|
Education and Risk Management Assistance
|
Underserved states. Authorizes FCIC to establish a program for crop insurance education and information to producers in states where federal crop insurance participation and availability are low and producers are underserved by the federal crop insurance program. (7 U.S.C. 1524(a)(2))
Partnerships for Risk Management Education. Authorizes the Secretary,
fiscal year thereafter to fund
funded under Partnerships for Risk
Education. Authorizes the Secretary,
partnerships for risk management
Management Education. (§11125)
through NIFA, to establish a program of
education. (§10010)
competitive grants for public and private entities to educate agricultural producers about the full ful range of risk management activities, including futures, options, agricultural trade options, and crop insurance, among others. (7 U.S.C. 1524(a)(3))
CRS-313
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Current Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Agricultural Management Assistance (AMA) Program. Authorizes the AMA program, which provides financial and technical to
producers in 16 specified states for conservation practices, risk mitigation, and market diversification. Provides $15 millionmil ion in annual mandatory funding in FY2008-FY2014 and $10 millionmil ion each fiscal year thereafter. Requires 50% to NRCS, 40% to RMA, and 10% to AMS. (7 U.S.C. 1524(a)(2) and 1524(b))
Cropland Report Annual Updates
Requires the Secretary of Agriculture to No comparable provision.
Extends authority to January 1, 2023.
Similar to Senate provision except
provide annual reports each January 1
(§11124)
removes requirements for baseline
to the House and Senate Agriculture
cropland reports and annual updates.
Committees on changes in cropland
(§11126)
NRCS, 40% to RMA, and 10% to AMS. (7 U.S.C. 1524(a)(2) and 1524(b))
|
Eliminates the crop insurance education and information program for targeted states carried out by RMA and AMA and reauthorizes the risk management education and assistance carried out through NIFA.
Directs the FCIC insurance fund to transfer $5 million for FY2018 and each fiscal year thereafter to fund partnerships for risk management education. (§10010)
|
Adds conservation activities to the list of risk management activities that are eligible for competitive educational grants. (§11123)
|
Similar to House provision except consolidates crop insurance education grants for underserved producers with the Partnerships for Risk Management Education in 7 U.S.C. 1524 and maintains the AMA program. Adopts the Senate provision adding conservation activities to the list of allowable activities funded under Partnerships for Risk Management Education. (§11125)
|
Cropland Report Annual Updates
|
Requires the Secretary of Agriculture to provide annual reports each January 1 to the House and Senate Agriculture Committees on changes in cropland acreage in each applicable county and acreage in each applicable county and
state, from on January 1, 2015 through January 1, 2018. (11014(c)(2) of 2014 farm bill, Public Law 113-79)
CRS-314
Table 16. Miscellaneous
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
farm bill, Public Law 113-79)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Extends authority to January 1, 2023. (§11124)
|
Similar to Senate provision except removes requirements for baseline cropland reports and annual updates. (§11126)
|
Prior Law/Policy
|
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
|
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
(H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Livestock
Animal Health Protection Act
Requires USDA to establish the
Similar to House provision. Establishes
Similar to House provision but amends
(AHPA). AHPA contains provisions to
National Animal Disease
the National Animal Disease
it to establish a new definition for
prevent, detect, control, and eradicate
Preparedness and Response
Preparedness Response, and
veterinary countermeasures, which are any
diseases and pests to protect animal
Program (NADRP) to address the
Recovery Program. (§12103)
biological, pharmaceutical,
health. (7 U.S.C. 8301 et seq.) The
risk of the introduction and spread of
nonpharmaceutical, or other products
2014 farm bil (P.L. 115-334)
|
Livestock
|
Animal Health Protection Act (AHPA). AHPA contains provisions to prevent, detect, control, and eradicate diseases and pests to protect animal health. (7 U.S.C. 8301 et seq.) The 2014 farm bill (P.L. 113-79) establishes a National Animal Health Laboratory Network to develop and enhance national veterinary diagnostic capabilities, with an emphasis on surveillance planning, vulnerability analysis, and technology development and validation. Authorizes appropriations of $15 million per year for FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 8308a)
|
Requires USDA to establish the National Animal Disease Preparedness and Response Program (NADRP) to address the risk of the introduction and spread of animal pests and diseases that affect the U.S. livestock and related industries, including export expansion.
Directs USDA to sign cooperative agreements or other legal agreements with state departments of agriculture, offices of the chief animal health state official, land-grant colleges or universities or non-land-grant colleges of agriculture, colleges of veterinary medicine, state or national livestock producer organizations, state emergency agencies, veterinarian organizations recognized by the ) establishes a animal pests and diseases that affect the
or equipment to protect, detect,
National Animal Health Laboratory
U.S. livestock and related industries,
respond to, or mitigate harm to public
Network to develop and enhance
including export expansion.
or animal health from animal pests or
national veterinary diagnostic
Directs USDA to sign cooperative
diseases. (§12101(a))
capabilities, with an emphasis on
agreements or other legal agreements
NADPRP is established to address
surveillance planning, vulnerability
with state departments of agriculture,
increasing risk for the spread of animal
analysis, and technology development
offices of the chief animal health state
pests and diseases in the United States.
and validation. Authorizes
official, land-grant col eges or
(§12101(b))
appropriations of $15 mil ion per year
universities or non-land-grant col eges
for FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 8308a)
Authorizes the Secretary to enter into
of agriculture, col eges of veterinary
cooperative agreements during FY2019-
medicine, state or national livestock
FY2023 under NADPRP. This limitation
producer organizations, state
does not affect other cooperative
emergency agencies, veterinarian
agreements established beyond FY2023.
organizations recognized by the
(§12101(e))
American Veterinary Medical Association, Indian tribes, federal agencies, or a combination of entities.
To the extent practicable, activities include enhancing animal pest and disease analysis and surveillance; expanding outreach and education; targeting domestic inspection at vulnerable points; strengthening threat identification; improving biosecurity; enhancing emergency response capabilities; conducting technology development (veterinary biologics, diagnostics, animal drugs, and animal medical devices); enhancing electronic
CRS-315
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
sharing of health data and risk analysis; and other activities as determined by USDA. USDA.
USDA will notify entities of information
required to enter into cooperative agreements, requirements for the use of funds, and criteria to evaluate the activities. USDA may consider entities' ’ ability to contribute nonfederal funds but may not require entities to contribute funds.
Requires recipients to use funds according to cooperative agreements. Recipients may enter sub-agreements with state entities responsible for animal disease prevention, surveillance, and response.
Requires recipients to submit to USDA reports describing the purposes and results of activities no later than 90 days after completion of activities.
Requires USDA to establish a National Similar to the House provision.
Similar to House provision in that
Animal Health Vaccine Bank to
Establishes the National Animal
USDA is to maintain sufficient quantities
protect U.S. agriculture and food
Vaccine and Veterinary
of veterinary countermeasures to
systems against terrorist attack, major
Countermeasures Bank. (§12103)
appropriately respond to damaging
disaster, and other emergencies.
animal diseases, with a priority on foot-
Requires the Vaccine Bank to maintain
and-mouth disease. (§12101(c))
after completion of activities.
|
Similar to House provision. Establishes the National Animal Disease Preparedness Response, and Recovery Program. (§12103)
|
Similar to House provision but amends it to establish a new definition for veterinary countermeasures, which are any biological, pharmaceutical, nonpharmaceutical, or other products or equipment to protect, detect, respond to, or mitigate harm to public or animal health from animal pests or diseases. (§12101(a))
NADPRP is established to address increasing risk for the spread of animal pests and diseases in the United States. (§12101(b))
Authorizes the Secretary to enter into cooperative agreements during FY2019-FY2023 under NADPRP. This limitation does not affect other cooperative agreements established beyond FY2023. (§12101(e))
|
|
Requires USDA to establish a National Animal Health Vaccine Bank to protect U.S. agriculture and food systems against terrorist attack, major disaster, and other emergencies. Requires the Vaccine Bank to maintain sufficient quantities of animal vaccine, antiviral, therapeutic, or diagnostic products for rapid response to animal disease outbreak that would have a damaging effect on human health or the economy. Directs it to leverage existing mechanisms and infrastructure of the National Veterinary Stockpile of APHIS. Also requires USDA to prioritize the
CRS-316
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
acquisition of sufficient quantities of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine and consider contracting with one or more entities capable of producing foot-and-mouth disease vaccines and having surge production capacity.
For FY2019, requires mandatory funding Authorizes appropriations of $30
Similar to House provision but amends
of $250 mil ion from the CCC, of which
mil ion per year for FY2019-FY2023 for
authority for the NAHLN programs to
$30 mil ion is for the National
the NAHLN. (§12102)
establish the NADPRP and NAVVCB
Animal Health Laboratory
Authorizes appropriations for such
programs. Also, authorizes mandatory
Network (NAHLN), $70 mil ion for
sums as necessary to carry out the
funding of $120 mil ion for FY2019-
the National Animal Disease
preparedness program and the vaccine
FY2022, of which $20 mil ion is
Preparedness and Response
bank. (§12103)
reserved for NADPRP, and $100 mil ion
Program (NADPRP), and $150
is to be allocated between the three
mil ion for the National Animal
programs. Also provides mandatory
Health Vaccine Bank (NAVVCB).
funding of $30 mil ion for FY2023 and
In FY2020-FY2023, $50 mil ion per year
each year thereafter, of which $18
in mandatory CCC funds is available for
mil ion is reserved for NADPRP, and
the three programs, of which not less
$12 mil ion is to be allocated between
than $30 mil ion per year is for the
the three programs.
National Animal Disease Preparedness
In addition, the authorization for
and Response Program. In addition,
appropriations for NAHLN is increased
authorizes appropriations of $15 mil ion
to $30 mil ion for each of FY2019-
per year for FY2019-FY2023 for the
FY2023, to remain available until
NAHLN. Funds made available may be
expended. Authorization for
used until expended. (§11101)
production capacity.
|
Similar to the House provision. Establishes the National Animal Vaccine and Veterinary Countermeasures Bank. (§12103)
|
Similar to House provision in that USDA is to maintain sufficient quantities of veterinary countermeasures to appropriately respond to damaging animal diseases, with a priority on foot-and-mouth disease. (§12101(c))
|
|
For FY2019, requires mandatory funding of $250 million from the CCC, of which $30 million is for the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN), $70 million for the National Animal Disease Preparedness and Response Program (NADPRP), and $150 million for the National Animal Health Vaccine Bank (NAVVCB). In FY2020-FY2023, $50 million per year in mandatory CCC funds is available for the three programs, of which not less than $30 million per year is for the National Animal Disease Preparedness and Response Program. In addition, authorizes appropriations of $15 million per year for FY2019-FY2023 for the NAHLN. Funds made available may be used until expended. (§11101)
|
Authorizes appropriations of $30 million per year for FY2019-FY2023 for the NAHLN. (§12102)
Authorizes appropriations for such sums as necessary to carry out the preparedness program and the vaccine bank. (§12103)
|
Similar to House provision but amends authority for the NAHLN programs to establish the NADPRP and NAVVCB programs. Also, authorizes mandatory funding of $120 million for FY2019-FY2022, of which $20 million is reserved for NADPRP, and $100 million is to be allocated between the three programs. Also provides mandatory funding of $30 million for FY2023 and each year thereafter, of which $18 million is reserved for NADPRP, and $12 million is to be allocated between the three programs.
In addition, the authorization for appropriations for NAHLN is increased to $30 million for each of FY2019-FY2023, to remain available until expended. Authorization for appropriations of such sums as necessary is provided for NADPRP and NAVVCB for FY2019-FY2023. (§12101(d))
Sheep Production and Marketing
Under the authority of the proposed
Authorizes appropriations of $1.5
Similar to House provision, amends the
Grant Program. Establishes a
Textile Trust Fund, authorizes $2
mil ion per year for FY2019-FY2023.
provision to leave the grant program
competitive grant program through
mil ion of CCC funds for FY2019 for
(§12101)
under existing authority instead of
USDA’s Agricultural Marketing Service
the purposes of strengthening and
placing it under the Textile Trust Fund.
to improve the sheep industry, including enhancing the production of sheep and
(§12102)
infrastructure, business, resource
sheep products in the United States,
development, or innovative approaches
CRS-317
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
for long-term needs. Provided $1.5
with funds remaining available until
mil ion in CCC mandatory funds for
expended. (§11304(e)(3))
FY2014 to remain available until expended. (7 U.S.C. 1627a)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Study on Livestock Dealer
Similar to Senate provision but adds
Statutory Trust. Requires USDA to
three other considerations for the
conduct a study on the feasibility of
study: (1) how a dealer trust would
establishing a livestock dealer statutory
affect seller recovery in case of a default
trust, and to submit a report to the
in payment, (2) whether an appointed
House Committee on Agriculture and
trustee under a dealer trust would
the Senate Committee on Agriculture,
improve seller recovery, and (3) how a
Nutrition, and Forestry no later than
dealer trust would affect sellers in
NAVVCB for FY2019-FY2023. (§12101(d))
|
Sheep Production and Marketing Grant Program. Establishes a competitive grant program through USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service to improve the sheep industry, including infrastructure, business, resource development, or innovative approaches for long-term needs. Provided $1.5 million in CCC mandatory funds for FY2014 to remain available until expended. (7 U.S.C. 1627a)
|
Under the authority of the proposed Textile Trust Fund, authorizes $2 million of CCC funds for FY2019 for the purposes of strengthening and enhancing the production of sheep and sheep products in the United States, with funds remaining available until expended. (§11304(e)(3))
|
Authorizes appropriations of $1.5 million per year for FY2019-FY2023. (§12101)
|
Similar to House provision, amends the provision to leave the grant program under existing authority instead of placing it under the Textile Trust Fund. (§12102)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Study on Livestock Dealer Statutory Trust. Requires USDA to conduct a study on the feasibility of establishing a livestock dealer statutory trust, and to submit a report to the House Committee on Agriculture and the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry no later than 540 days after enactment. The study is 540 days after enactment. The study is
relation to preferential transfer in
to cover: (1) the effects of a trust on buyer and seller market behavior; (2) the effect on credit availability, including
bankruptcy. The study is to be
buyer and seller market behavior; (2)
completed within one year of
the effect on credit availability, including
enactment. (§12103)
impacts on lenders and lending behavior; (3) unique circumstances common to livestock dealers and how they impact the functioning of a statutory trust; (4) the feasibility of electronic transfer of funds or other expeditious payments to provide sellers protection for nonsufficient funds payments; (5) the effectiveness of statutory trusts in other agricultural segments; and (6) the effects of setting a de minimis annual sales threshold exemption. (§12104)
Emergency Livestock Feed
No comparable provision.
Definition of Livestock. Amends the
Identical to Senate provision. (§12104)
Assistance Act of 1988. Under the
act to include l amas, alpacas, live fish,
Act, USDA provides emergency feed
crawfish, and other animals. (§12105)
exemption. (§12104)
|
Similar to Senate provision but adds three other considerations for the study: (1) how a dealer trust would affect seller recovery in case of a default in payment, (2) whether an appointed trustee under a dealer trust would improve seller recovery, and (3) how a dealer trust would affect sellers in relation to preferential transfer in bankruptcy. The study is to be completed within one year of enactment. (§12103)
|
Emergency Livestock Feed Assistance Act of 1988. Under the Act, USDA provides emergency feed assistance to preserve and maintain livestock in any state or area of a state because of disease, insect infestation, flood, drought, fire, hurricane, earthquake, storm, hot weather, or
CRS-318
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
other natural disaster. (7 U.S.C. 1471 and 1471a)
National Aquatic Animal Health
Authorizes appropriations of such sums
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision. Amends the
Plan. Authorizes USDA to enter into
as necessary to administer the program
provision to repeal the authorization for
cooperative agreements for the purpose through FY2023. (§11102)
appropriations. (§12105)
of detecting, control ingand 1471a)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Definition of Livestock. Amends the act to include llamas, alpacas, live fish, crawfish, and other animals. (§12105)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12104)
|
National Aquatic Animal Health Plan. Authorizes USDA to enter into cooperative agreements for the purpose of detecting, controlling, or eradicating diseases of aquaculture species and promoting species-specific best management practices on a cost-share basis. The Secretary may use authorities from AHPA (7 U.S.C. 8301 et seq.) to carry out the plan. Authorizes such sums as necessary to be appropriated in each of FY2008-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 8322)
Veterinary training. Allows USDA to
Amends the section to include
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§12106)
develop a program to maintain a
“veterinary teams, including those based
sufficient number of federal and state
at col eges of veterinary medicine” and
veterinarians who are trained in the
inserts and who are capable of providing
recognition and diagnosis of exotic and
effective services before, during, and after
endemic animal diseases. (7 U.S.C.
emergencies at the end of the section.
8318)
(§11103)
No comparable provision.
Report on FSIS guidance and
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision. Amends the
outreach to small meat
provision to require USDA to contract
processors. Requires the USDA
with a land-grant col ege or university
inspector general to provide the
or non-land-grant col ege of agriculture
Secretary of Agriculture a report on the
to review the effectiveness of FSIS
effectiveness of existing FSIS guidance
guidance materials and provide any
materials and tools for small and very
recommendations to USDA. (§12107)
8322)
|
Authorizes appropriations of such sums as necessary to administer the program through FY2023. (§11102)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision. Amends the provision to repeal the authorization for appropriations. (§12105)
|
Veterinary training. Allows USDA to develop a program to maintain a sufficient number of federal and state veterinarians who are trained in the recognition and diagnosis of exotic and endemic animal diseases. (7 U.S.C. 8318)
|
Amends the section to include "veterinary teams, including those based at colleges of veterinary medicine" and inserts and who are capable of providing effective services before, during, and after emergencies at the end of the section. (§11103)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§12106)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Report on FSIS guidance and outreach to small meat processors. Requires the USDA inspector general to provide the Secretary of Agriculture a report on the effectiveness of existing FSIS guidance materials and tools for small and very small establishments.
small establishments. The report is to include (1) an evaluation of the outreach conducted by FSIS, (2) an evaluation of guidance materials and tools used by FSIS, (3) an evaluation of FSIS responsiveness to inquiries and issues, and (4)
CRS-319
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
recommendations FSIS should take to improve regulatory clarity and consistency. (§11104)
No comparable provision.
inquiries and issues, and (4) recommendations FSIS should take to improve regulatory clarity and consistency. (§11104)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision. Amends the provision to require USDA to contract with a land-grant college or university or non-land-grant college of agriculture to review the effectiveness of FSIS guidance materials and provide any recommendations to USDA. (§12107)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Regional cattle and carcass grading No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§12108)
correlation and training centers. USDA is required to establish not more than three regional centers to provide education and training for cattle and carcass beef graders of the Agricultural Marketing Service, cattle producers, and other professionals involved in the reporting, delivery, and grading of feeder cattle, live cattle, and carcasses. The centers are to be located near cattle feeding or slaughtering areas, provide intensive training, and coordinate the existing resources of USDA, state agricultural extension and research centers, relevant contract markets, and producers. Funding for the centers may not be used for new construction or remodeling of facilities, but may be used for rental space. The centers may also accept in-kind donations to cover such spaces. (§11105)
Agriculture and Food Defense
Office of Homeland Security. The
No comparable provision.
Repeals the Office of Homeland
Identical to Senate provision. See
2008 farm bil donations to cover such spaces. (§11105)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§12108)
|
Agriculture and Food Defense
|
Office of Homeland Security. The 2008 farm bill (Section 14111 of P.L. P.L.
Security as established. (§12201)
Section 12202 below. (§12201)
110-246) established the office to coordinate and advise the Secretary on homeland security activities for agricultural disease emergencies, agro-terrorist acts, and other threats to agricultural biosecurity. The office is the primary liaison with other federal
CRS-320
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
departments and agencies on the coordination of efforts and interagency activities pertaining to agricultural biosecurity. (7 U.S.C. 8911)
The Department of Agriculture
No comparable provision.
USDA is required to establish an Office Identical to Senate provision. (§12202)
Reorganization Act of 1994.
of Homeland Security under the
Authorizes the Secretary to streamline,
1994 act. The office is to be headed by
reorganize, and manage USDA
an executive director whose duties
programs and activities. (7 U.S.C.
include (1) serve as principal advisor to
6901 et seq.)
the Secretary on homeland security
Similar provisions to those in the
issues; (2) coordinate the department’s
Agriculture and Food Defense subtitle
homeland security activities; (3) act as
exist in various forms in other laws. For
the primary liaison with other federal
example, the National Agriculture and
departments and agencies; (4)
Food Defense Strategy (21 U.S.C. 2202)
coordinate USDA’s information
in the Food Safety Modernization Act
gathering on early warning and threats
(P.L. 111-353).
biosecurity. (7 U.S.C. 8911)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Repeals the Office of Homeland Security as established. (§12201)
|
Identical to Senate provision. See Section 12202 below. (§12201)
|
The Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. Authorizes the Secretary to streamline, reorganize, and manage USDA programs and activities. (7 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.)
Similar provisions to those in the Agriculture and Food Defense subtitle exist in various forms in other laws. For example, the National Agriculture and Food Defense Strategy (21 U.S.C. 2202) in the Food Safety Modernization Act (P.L. 111-353).
|
No comparable provision.
|
USDA is required to establish an Office of Homeland Security under the 1994 act. The office is to be headed by an executive director whose duties include (1) serve as principal advisor to the Secretary on homeland security issues; (2) coordinate the department's homeland security activities; (3) act as the primary liaison with other federal departments and agencies; (4) coordinate USDA's information gathering on early warning and threats and risks to critical infrastructure; (5) liaise with the Director of National Intelligence; (6) coordinate exercises to identify and eliminate gaps in preparedness; (7) produce a department-wide strategic coordination plan; and (8) carry out other duties as determined by the Secretary.
USDA is required to carry out an Agriculture and Food Threat Awareness Partnership Program with the intelligence community to share personnel and information in order to improve communications and analysis. This program is to be conducted in collaborationcol aboration with federal, state, and local authorities. (§12202)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Agriculture and Food Defense.
Similar to Senate provision except
Provides definitions relevant to the
amends the provision to use the
section. (§12203(a))
definition of veterinary countermeasure as
CRS-321
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
established in Section 12101 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018. (§12203(a))
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
USDA is required to conduct Disease
Identical to Senate provision.
and Pest of Concern Response Planning
((§12203(b))
local authorities. (§12202)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12202)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Agriculture and Food Defense. Provides definitions relevant to the section. (§12203(a))
|
Similar to Senate provision except amends the provision to use the definition of veterinary countermeasure as established in Section 12101 of the Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018. (§12203(a))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
USDA is required to conduct Disease and Pest of Concern Response Planning that includes establishing a list of diseases and pests using expert opinion and evidence related to the diseases and pests, and to develop a comprehensive response plan for them. The response plans are to be developed on a state or regional basis and include a concept of operations, and the appropriate interactions between federal, state, local, and tribal governments, and animal and plant industry partners. The plans are to include a decision matrix and performance metrics. (§12203(b))
|
Identical to Senate provision. ((§12203(b))
|
Special authorization for biosecurity planning and response. Land-grant universities, federal and state agencies, state departments of agriculture, and other stakeholders established a National Plant Diagnostic Network (NPDN) in 2002 to enhance agricultural security. Under the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act (NARETPA), NIFA provides funding to the network through authorized appropriations. (7 U.S.C. 3351)
|
No comparable provision.
|
USDA is required to establish a National Plant Diagnostic Network to monitor threats to plant health from diseases or pests. The network is to provide increased awareness and early identification, coordinate between USDA and state agencies, establish diagnostic standards, establish regional hubs of expertise and leadership, and establish a national repository of records of endemic or emergent diseases and pests of concern. (§12203(c))
authorization for
No comparable provision.
USDA is required to establish a National
Identical to Senate provision.
biosecurity planning and response.
Plant Diagnostic Network to monitor
(§12203)(c)
Land-grant universities, federal and state
threats to plant health from diseases or
agencies, state departments of
pests. The network is to provide
agriculture, and other stakeholders
increased awareness and early
established a National Plant Diagnostic
identification, coordinate between
Network (NPDN) in 2002 to enhance
USDA and state agencies, establish
agricultural security. Under the National
diagnostic standards, establish regional
Agricultural Research, Extension, and
hubs of expertise and leadership, and
Teaching Policy Act (NARETPA), NIFA
establish a national repository of
provides funding to the network
records of endemic or emergent
through authorized appropriations. (7
diseases and pests of concern.
U.S.C. 3351)
(§12203(c)) The Director of NIFA would lead the network, and coordinate and collaboratecol aborate with land-grant collegescol eges and universities, and partner with the Administrator of the Animal and Plant
CRS-322
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Health Inspection Service. (§12203(c)(3) and (4))
Authorizes appropriations for the network of $15 millionmil ion per year for FY2019-FY2023. (§12203(c)(5))
USDA is to establish a National Plant Disease Recovery System for strategic long-term planning on high-consequence plant transboundary diseases. The recovery system is to coordinate response operations, make long-range plans for research projects for long-term recovery, identify specific genotypes, cultivars, breeding liens and disease-resistant materials for crop stabilization and improvement, and establish a watch list of transboundary diseases for long-term planning. (§12203(d))
Agricultural Bioterrorism
No comparable provision.
Biological agents and toxins list.
Similar to Senate provision. Adds the
Protection Act of 2002. Under the
Amends the criteria to be considered
criteria for consideration of being added
act, USDA established and maintains a
for adding a biological agent or toxin to
to the list of biological agents and
list of biological agents and toxins that
the list, as fol ows: (1) whether adding
toxins: the potential impact on
potentially pose a severe threat to
to the list would have a substantial
performance of research on the
animal or plant health, or animal or
negative impact on the research and
causative agent of the disease. (§12204)
plant product. (7 U.S.C.
development of solutions for animal or
8401(a)(1)(B)(i))
plant diseases, and (2) whether the negative impact substantially outweighs the risk posed by not adding it to the list. (§12204)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Authorization of appropriations.
Identical to Senate provision. (§12205)
Authorizes appropriations of $5 mil ion of each fiscal year for FY2019- FY2023. (§12205)
CRS-323
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Historically Underserved Producers
diseases for long-term planning. (§12203(d))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12203)(c)
|
Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002. Under the act, USDA established and maintains a list of biological agents and toxins that potentially pose a severe threat to animal or plant health, or animal or plant product. (7 U.S.C. 8401(a)(1)(B)(i))
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No comparable provision.
|
Biological agents and toxins list. Amends the criteria to be considered for adding a biological agent or toxin to the list, as follows: (1) whether adding to the list would have a substantial negative impact on the research and development of solutions for animal or plant diseases, and (2) whether the negative impact substantially outweighs the risk posed by not adding it to the list. (§12204)
|
Similar to Senate provision. Adds the criteria for consideration of being added to the list of biological agents and toxins: the potential impact on performance of research on the causative agent of the disease. (§12204)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Authorization of appropriations. Authorizes appropriations of $5 million of each fiscal year for FY2019- FY2023. (§12205)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12205)
|
Historically Underserved Producers
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Outreach and assistance for socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers and veteran farmers and ranchers. Provides for an outreach and technical assistance program to assist socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers and veteran farmers and ranchers in owning and operating farms and ranches and in participating equitably in the full range of agricultural programs offered by USDA. (7 U.S.C. 2279(a)(4))
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Reauthorizes $10 million in mandatory spending each year for FY2019-FY2023. Prioritizes grants under the program for agricultural education for youth under the age of 18, for agricultural employment and volunteer opportunities for youth under the age of 18, and for projects that demonstrate experience in providing such education and opportunities to socially disadvantaged youth. Reauthorizes appropriations of $20 million each for FY2019-FY2023. (§11201)
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No comparable provision
|
Similar to House provision. Certain elements of the House provision are placed in the Farming Opportunities Training and Outreach program. See Section 12301 below.
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Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002. Established a beginning farmer and rancher development program. Authorized a competitive grant program to support new and established local and regional training and technical assistance initiatives for beginning farmers and ranchers. (7 U.S.C. 3319f)
Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990. Established the Outreach and Assistance for Socially Disadvantaged Farmers and Ranchers and Veteran Farmers and Ranchers program. Authorized the Secretary to carry out an outreach and technical assistance program to encourage and assist socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers and veteran farmers or ranchers in owning and operating farms and ranches; and in participating equitably in the full range of agricultural programs offered by the Department. (7 U.S.C. 2279)
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No comparable provision.
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Repeals the beginning farmer and rancher development program in the 2002 Act.
Amends the 1990 Act by renaming the development program Farming Opportunities Training and Outreach. Gives priority in making grants and entering into contract to nongovernmental and community-based organizations with an expertise in working with socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers or veteran farmers and ranchers. Directs the Secretary to ensure the geographical diversity of eligible entities.
Authorizes USDA, NIFA, to make competitive grants, and enter contracts or agreements, to support new and established local and regional training, education, outreach, and technical assistance initiatives for beginning farmers and ranchers. Grants, contracts, or agreements can be for three years or less, and may provide not more than $250,000 per year. Partnerships and collaborationsassistance for
Reauthorizes $10 mil ion in mandatory
No comparable provision
Similar to House provision. Certain
socially disadvantaged farmers and
spending each year for FY2019-FY2023.
elements of the House provision are
ranchers and veteran farmers and
Prioritizes grants under the program for
placed in the Farming Opportunities
ranchers. Provides for an outreach and agricultural education for youth under
Training and Outreach program. See
technical assistance program to assist
the age of 18, for agricultural
Section 12301 below.
socially disadvantaged farmers and
employment and volunteer
ranchers and veteran farmers and
opportunities for youth under the age
ranchers in owning and operating farms
of 18, and for projects that demonstrate
and ranches and in participating
experience in providing such education
equitably in the ful range of agricultural
and opportunities to socially
programs offered by USDA. (7 U.S.C.
disadvantaged youth. Reauthorizes
2279(a)(4))
appropriations of $20 mil ion each for FY2019-FY2023. (§11201)
Farm Security and Rural
No comparable provision.
Repeals the beginning farmer and
Similar to Senate provision. Amends the
Investment Act of 2002. Established
rancher development program in the
provision by adding a matching
a beginning farmer and rancher
2002 Act.
requirement to the grant program
development program. Authorized a
Amends the 1990 Act by renaming the
supporting local and regional training
competitive grant program to support
development program Farming
and outreach and requiring a recipient
new and established local and regional
Opportunities Training and
or participant to provide a match in the
training and technical assistance
Outreach. Gives priority in making
form of cash or in-kind contributions
initiatives for beginning farmers and
grants and entering into contract to
equal to 25% of the grant funds
ranchers. (7 U.S.C. 3319f)
nongovernmental and community-based
provided. Also provides the Secretary
Food, Agriculture, Conservation,
organizations with an expertise in
of Agriculture with authority to waive
and Trade Act of 1990. Established
working with socially disadvantaged
the matching requirement.
the Outreach and Assistance for Socially
farmers and ranchers or veteran
Amends the mandatory funding
Disadvantaged Farmers and Ranchers
farmers and ranchers. Directs the
authorization to $30 mil ion for
and Veteran Farmers and Ranchers
Secretary to ensure the geographical
FY2019-FY2020, $35 mil ion for
program. Authorized the Secretary to
diversity of eligible entities.
FY2021, $40 mil ion for FY2022, and
carry out an outreach and technical
Authorizes USDA, NIFA, to make
$50 mil ion for FY2023 and thereafter.
assistance program to encourage and
competitive grants, and enter contracts
Also authorizes annual appropriations of
assist socially disadvantaged farmers and
or agreements, to support new and
$50 mil ion for FY2019-FY2023. Funding
ranchers and veteran farmers or
established local and regional training,
is to be equally divided between the
ranchers in owning and operating farms
education, outreach, and technical
Outreach to Socially Disadvantaged and
and ranches; and in participating
assistance initiatives for beginning
Veteran Farmers and Ranchers program
equitably in the ful range of agricultural
farmers and ranchers. Grants, contracts,
CRS-324
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
programs offered by the Department.
or agreements can be for three years or and the Beginning Farmers and Ranchers
(7 U.S.C. 2279)
less, and may provide not more than
Development Grant program. (§12301)
$250,000 per year. Partnerships and col aborations that are led by or include nongovernmental, community-based organizations and school-based educational organizations with expertise in new agricultural producer training and outreach are to receive priority.
Requires USDA to establish beginning farmer and rancher education teams to develop curricula and conduct educational programs and workshops for beginning farmers and ranchers in diverse geographical areas of the United States. The material is to be online and may include online courses for direct use by beginning farmers and ranchers.
Authorizes $50 millionmil ion in mandatory spending for FY2018 and each fiscal year thereafter. Authorizes $50 million mil ion discretionary spending each year for FY2018-2023. Of the funds authorized, 50% is reserved for the beginning farmer and rancher development grants, and 50% for farming opportunities training and outreach. Of those amounts, 5% of beginning farmer and rancher outreach and assistance, education teams, and curriculum and training clearinghouse funds are reserved for veteran farmers, and 5% for limited resource farmers, socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers, and farmworkers who desire to become farmers. (§12301)
CRS-325
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Urban agriculture. Previous farm bil s No comparable provision.
Urban agriculture. Amends existing
Similar to the Senate provision but with
expanded federal support for local and
law to incorporate provisions
amendments that adjust the committee
regional food systems, mostly in the
introduced in S. 3005 (Urban
membership, the director’s
form of new or expanded grants and
Agriculture Act of 2018), including
responsibilities, reporting requirements,
loans across a range of USDA programs
establishing: (1) an Office of Urban
and certain other requirements.
and agencies.
Agriculture and Innovative Production
Authorizes annual appropriations of $25
at USDA to encourage and promote
mil ion for FY2019-FY2023.
urban, indoor, and other emerging
Other provisions from S. 3005 were
agricultural practices; (2) an Urban
adopted in part, including Section
Agriculture and Innovative Production
2405, Soil Testing and Remediation
Advisory Committee; (3) new grant
Assistance; Section 7212, Urban,
authority for USDA to support the
Indoor, and Other Emerging
development of urban agriculture and
Agricultural Production Research,
innovative production; and (4) new pilot Education, and Extension Initiative;
programs and reporting requirements.
Section 11122, Research and
Authorizes $25 mil ion in annual
Development Authority; and provisions
appropriations for FY2019 and each
in Section 1601 (Noninsured Crop
fiscal year thereafter. (§12302)
Assistance Program). (§12302)
Establishes the Office of Tribal
No comparable provision.
Tribal Advisory Committee. Direct
Similar to Senate provision but amends
Relations in the Office of the Secretary
the Secretary to create the Tribal
the composition of the committee to 11
to advise the Secretary on policies
Advisory Committee to provide advice
members, three appointed by the
related to Indian tribes. (7 U.S.C.
and guidance to the Secretary on
Secretary, one each appointed by the
6921)
matters relating to Tribal and Indian
chair of the Senate Committee on
affairs. The committee wil facilitate but
Indian Affairs and the ranking member,
not supplant government-to-
one each appointed by the chair of the
government consultation between
Senate Committee on Agriculture and
USDA and Indian tribes.
the ranking member, and two each
The Council would be composed of 9
appointed by the chair of the House
members, 7 appointed by the Secretary
Committee on Agriculture and the
and one each by the Chair of the Senate ranking member. (§12303) farmers. (§12301)
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Similar to Senate provision. Amends the provision by adding a matching requirement to the grant program supporting local and regional training and outreach and requiring a recipient or participant to provide a match in the form of cash or in-kind contributions equal to 25% of the grant funds provided. Also provides the Secretary of Agriculture with authority to waive the matching requirement.
Amends the mandatory funding authorization to $30 million for FY2019-FY2020, $35 million for FY2021, $40 million for FY2022, and $50 million for FY2023 and thereafter. Also authorizes annual appropriations of $50 million for FY2019-FY2023. Funding is to be equally divided between the Outreach to Socially Disadvantaged and Veteran Farmers and Ranchers program and the Beginning Farmers and Ranchers Development Grant program. (§12301)
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Urban agriculture. Previous farm bills expanded federal support for local and regional food systems, mostly in the form of new or expanded grants and loans across a range of USDA programs and agencies.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Urban agriculture. Amends existing law to incorporate provisions introduced in S. 3005 (Urban Agriculture Act of 2018), including establishing: (1) an Office of Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production at USDA to encourage and promote urban, indoor, and other emerging agricultural practices; (2) an Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production Advisory Committee; (3) new grant authority for USDA to support the development of urban agriculture and innovative production; and (4) new pilot programs and reporting requirements. Authorizes $25 million in annual appropriations for FY2019 and each fiscal year thereafter. (§12302)
|
Similar to the Senate provision but with amendments that adjust the committee membership, the director's responsibilities, reporting requirements, and certain other requirements. Authorizes annual appropriations of $25 million for FY2019-FY2023.
Other provisions from S. 3005 were adopted in part, including Section 2405, Soil Testing and Remediation Assistance; Section 7212, Urban, Indoor, and Other Emerging Agricultural Production Research, Education, and Extension Initiative; Section 11122, Research and Development Authority; and provisions in Section 1601 (Noninsured Crop Assistance Program). (§12302)
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Establishes the Office of Tribal Relations in the Office of the Secretary to advise the Secretary on policies related to Indian tribes. (7 U.S.C. 6921)
|
No comparable provision.
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Tribal Advisory Committee. Direct the Secretary to create the Tribal Advisory Committee to provide advice and guidance to the Secretary on matters relating to Tribal and Indian affairs. The committee will facilitate but not supplant government-to-government consultation between USDA and Indian tribes.
The Council would be composed of 9 members, 7 appointed by the Secretary and one each by the Chair of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs and the ranking member. Members would be appointed for 3-year terms, with the first 7 appointments appointed to 2-year terms. A member of the Office of Tribal Relations and the Assistant Secretary
CRS-326
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
for Indian Affairs of the Department of the Interior shall attend each meeting of the committee.
The committee will wil identify issues relating to programs of USDA and Indian tribes and submit recommendations and solutions to such identified issues. The Committee will wil identify priorities and provide advice on strategies to Tribal consultation on issues at the Tribal, regional, or national level that concern USDA. The committee will wil submit an annual report describing the activities and recommendations for legislative or administrative action, and the Secretary shall respond in writing to that report. (§12304)
Established the Office of Advocacy
Requires the Secretary to designate a
Youth outreach and beginning
Similar to Senate provision but adopts
and Outreach which leads USDA in
state beginning farmer and
farmer coordination. Similar to
the definition of beginning farmer or
implementing outreach and assistance to rancher coordinator from among
House provision. Amends Subtitle D of
rancher from Section 2501(a) of the
socially disadvantaged farmers and
existing employees of Farm Service
title VII of the Farm Security and Rural
Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and
ranchers and veteran farmers and
Agency, the Natural Resources
Investment Act of 2002 by adding a new Trade Act of 1990. (§12304)
ranchers. Also carries out the functions
Conservation Service, the Risk
section 7405 that requires the Secretary
and duties of the Office of Outreach
Management Agency, the Rural
to establish the position of national
and Diversity under the Assistant
Business-Cooperative Service, and the
beginning farmer and rancher
Secretary for Civil Rights, oversees the
Rural Utilities Service. Requires USDA
coordinator to advise the Secretary
Office of Small Farms Coordination, and to coordinate the development of a
on issues affecting beginning farmers and
coordinates with NIFA on the
training plan for each state coordinator,
ranchers, and in consultation with state
administration of the beginning farmer
to work with various outreach
food and agriculture councils. The
and rancher development program. (7
coordinators in state offices, and to
National Coordinator is required to
U.S.C. 6934)
work with the Office of Partnership and
designate a state beginning farmer
Public Engagement, the successor
and rancher coordinator for each
agency of the Office of Advocacy and
state.
Outreach. (§11202)
The national coordinator wil report at least annually on actions taken to assist beginning farmers and ranchers. Permits
CRS-327
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
(§12304)
|
Similar to Senate provision but amends the composition of the committee to 11 members, three appointed by the Secretary, one each appointed by the chair of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs and the ranking member, one each appointed by the chair of the Senate Committee on Agriculture and the ranking member, and two each appointed by the chair of the House Committee on Agriculture and the ranking member. (§12303)
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Established the Office of Advocacy and Outreach which leads USDA in implementing outreach and assistance to socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers and veteran farmers and ranchers. Also carries out the functions and duties of the Office of Outreach and Diversity under the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, oversees the Office of Small Farms Coordination, and coordinates with NIFA on the administration of the beginning farmer and rancher development program. (7 U.S.C. 6934)
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Requires the Secretary to designate a state beginning farmer and rancher coordinator from among existing employees of Farm Service Agency, the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Risk Management Agency, the Rural Business-Cooperative Service, and the Rural Utilities Service. Requires USDA to coordinate the development of a training plan for each state coordinator, to work with various outreach coordinators in state offices, and to work with the Office of Partnership and Public Engagement, the successor agency of the Office of Advocacy and Outreach. (§11202)
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Youth outreach and beginning farmer coordination. Similar to House provision. Amends Subtitle D of title VII of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 by adding a new section 7405 that requires the Secretary to establish the position of national beginning farmer and rancher coordinator to advise the Secretary on issues affecting beginning farmers and ranchers, and in consultation with state food and agriculture councils. The National Coordinator is required to designate a state beginning farmer and rancher coordinator for each state.
The national coordinator will report at least annually on actions taken to assist beginning farmers and ranchers. Permits the coordinator to enter into contacts and agreements with universities or nonprofits to conduct research on the profitability of new farms, to develop educational materials, to conduct workshops, and to conduct mentoring activities. (§12306)
Department of Agriculture
Amends the 1994 Act to establish the
Youth outreach and beginning
Similar to House provision but amends
Reorganization Act of 1994.
position of agricultural youth
farmer coordination. Similar to the
it by substituting young farmers for youth.
Authorizes the Secretary to streamline,
organization coordinator to
House provision, the Secretary is
(§12305)
reorganize, and manage USDA
promote the role of youth-serving
required to create an agricultural
programs and activities. (7 U.S.C.
organizations and school-based
youth coordinator to promote and
6911 et seq.)
agricultural education. Outlines
motivate young people to pursue
contracts and cooperative agreements
careers in agriculture, food, and natural
the coordinator may engage in with
resources. (§12306)
activities. (§12306)
|
Similar to Senate provision but adopts the definition of beginning farmer or rancher from Section 2501(a) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990. (§12304)
|
Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. Authorizes the Secretary to streamline, reorganize, and manage USDA programs and activities. (7 U.S.C. 6911 et seq.)
|
Amends the 1994 Act to establish the position of agricultural youth organization coordinator to promote the role of youth-serving organizations and school-based agricultural education. Outlines contracts and cooperative agreements the coordinator may engage in with land-grant universities, research centers of the Agricultural Research Service, and nonprofit organizations. (§11206)
Outreach and assistance for
No comparable provision.
Availability of Department of
Identical to Senate provision. (§12306)
socially disadvantaged farmers and
Agriculture programs for veteran
ranchers and veteran farmers and
farmers and ranchers. Amends
ranchers. Requires the Secretary of
provisions of the Federal Crop
Agriculture to carry out an outreach
Insurance Act; the Consolidated Farm
and technical assistance program to
and Rural Development Act (ConAct);
encourage and assist socially
Agricultural Research, Extension, and
disadvantaged farmers and ranchers and
Education Reform Act of 1998; the
veteran farmers or ranchers (A) in
Federal Agriculture Improvement and
owning and operating farms and
Reform Act of 1996; the Food Security
ranches; and (B) in participating
Act of 1985; and Agricultural Act of
equitably in the ful range of agricultural
2014 to define veteran farmer and
programs offered by the Department.
rancher in those statutes and to
(7 U.S.C. 2279)
and nonprofit organizations. (§11206)
|
Youth outreach and beginning farmer coordination. Similar to the House provision, the Secretary is required to create an agricultural youth coordinator to promote and motivate young people to pursue careers in agriculture, food, and natural resources. (§12306)
|
Similar to House provision but amends it by substituting young farmers for youth. (§12305)
|
Outreach and assistance for socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers and veteran farmers and ranchers. Requires the Secretary of Agriculture to carry out an outreach and technical assistance program to encourage and assist socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers and veteran farmers or ranchers (A) in owning and operating farms and ranches; and (B) in participating equitably in the full range of agricultural programs offered by the Department. (7 U.S.C. 2279)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Availability of Department of Agriculture programs for veteran farmers and ranchers. Amends provisions of the Federal Crop Insurance Act; the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (ConAct); Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998; the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996; the Food Security Act of 1985; and Agricultural Act of 2014 to define veteran farmer and rancher in those statutes and to designate veteran farmers and ranchers as "“covered producers"” and "“covered farmers and ranchers"” and to insert veterans as specifically eligible farmers and ranchers for various forms of
CRS-328
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
agriculture assistance and support under these statutes. (§12307)
and ranchers for various forms of agriculture assistance and support under these statutes. (§12307)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12306)
|
Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 Amendments
|
In May 2017, USDA announced an agency reorganization that created an Under Secretary for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs, an Under Secretary for Farm Production and Conservation,
Reorganization provisions are in
Reorganization provisions are in
Identical to Senate provision.
agency reorganization that created an
Subtitle F—Other Matters in the
Subtitle D—Department of
Reorganization provisions are in
Under Secretary for Trade and Foreign
House bil .
Agriculture Reorganization Act of
Subtitle D—Department of
Agricultural Affairs, an Under Secretary
1994 Amendments in the Senate bil .
Agriculture Reorganization Act of
for Farm Production and Conservation,
1994 Amendments.
and an Assistant to the Secretary for Rural Development. The duties of the new Under Secretaries were previously
assigned to the Under Secretary of Farm and Foreign Agricultural Affairs and the Under Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment. The duties of the Assistant to the Secretary were formerly assigned to the Under Secretary for Rural Development
USDA used authorities under the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6911 et seq) and the Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1953 (7 U.S.C. 2201 note).
Establishes the Assistant Secretaries
No comparable provision.
Amends the 1994 Act to change the
Identical to Senate provision. (§12401)
of Agriculture under the Department
name of the Assistant Secretary of
of Agriculture Reorganization Act of
Agriculture for Congressional Relations
1994. (7 U.S.C. 6918)
note).
|
Reorganization provisions are in Subtitle F—Other Matters in the House bill.
|
Reorganization provisions are in Subtitle D—Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 Amendments in the Senate bill.
|
Identical to Senate provision. Reorganization provisions are in Subtitle D—Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 Amendments.
|
Establishes the Assistant Secretaries of Agriculture under the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. (7 U.S.C. 6918)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends the 1994 Act to change the name of the Assistant Secretary of Agriculture for Congressional Relations to Assistant Secretary of Agriculture for Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs. Any official serving in the position on the date of enactment, and who has been confirmed by the Senate, is not required to be reconfirmed. (§12401)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12401)
|
Establishes the military veterans agricultural liaison under the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. (7 U.S.C. 6919)
|
No comparable provision
|
Amends the duties of the liaison to require the establishment and periodic update of a website that identifies
CRS-329
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Establishes the military veterans
No comparable provision
Amends the duties of the liaison to
Identical to Senate provision. (§12402)
agricultural liaison under the
require the establishment and periodic
Department of Agriculture
update of a website that identifies
Reorganization Act of 1994. (7 U.S.C.
available apprenticeships for veterans in
6919)
USDA, job and skil savailable apprenticeships for veterans in USDA, job and skills training opportunities. The information should be designed to assist businesses, nonprofits, educational institutes, and farmers that want to create apprenticeship programs for veterans and have them approved by a state approving agency under 38 U.S.C. Chapter 36. The liaison is required to consult with and give technical assistance to the Department of Defense, Department of Veteran Affairs, the Small Business Administration, and the Department of Labor.
Requires USDA to conduct a study on the effectiveness of the website. The liaison is required to submit an annual report on beginning farmer training for veterans and agricultural vocational and rehabilitation programs for veterans. (§I2402)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12402)
|
Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. Authorizes the Secretary to streamline, reorganize, and manage USDA programs and activities. (7 U.S.C. 6911 et seq.)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends the 1994 act to require Civil Rights Analyses. Defines civil rights analysis as a review to analyze and identify actions, policies and decisions that may have an adverse impact on employees, contractors, or beneficiaries
Department of Agriculture
No comparable provision.
Amends the 1994 act to require Civil
Similar to Senate provision except
Reorganization Act of 1994.
Rights Analyses. Defines civil rights
requires USDA to conduct a civil rights
Authorizes the Secretary to streamline,
analysis as a review to analyze and
impact analysis according to
reorganize, and manage USDA
identify actions, policies and decisions
Departmental Regulation 4300-004,
programs and activities. (7 U.S.C.
that may have an adverse impact on
issued by USDA October 16, 2016.
6911 et seq.)
employees, contractors, or beneficiaries
(§I2403)
of any USDA program or activity based on membership in a group protected by federal law. Before implementing actions, policy, or decision documents, USDA is to conduct a civil rights analysis. These include entries into the
CRS-330
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Federal Register, charters for advisory committees, councils, or boards, any regulations or new or revised instructions, procedures, or guidance, reductions-in-force, or transfer of functions, or any policy, program, or activity that might have an adverse civil rights impact The Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights may grant expedited review or waivers in certain cases. No later than 2 years after enactment, the ComptrollerComptrol er General is required to conduct a study on the effectiveness of USDA in processing and resolving civil rights complaints, minority participation rates in farm programs, the realignment of civil rights functions under Secretarial Memorandum 1076-023 (March 9, 2018) and whether the realignment has had negative implications, efforts of USDA to identify actions, programs, or activities that may have an adverse effect, and efforts to strategically plan actions to decrease discrimination and civil rights complaints. The Comptroller Comptrol er General is to submit the report to the House and Senate agriculture committees no later than 60 days after completion of its study on civil rights. (§12403)
|
Similar to Senate provision except requires USDA to conduct a civil rights impact analysis according to Departmental Regulation 4300-004, issued by USDA October 16, 2016. (§I2403)
|
Establishes Consolidated Farm
Establishes Consolidated Farm
No comparable provision.
Farm Service Agency. Amends the
Identical to Senate provision. (§I2404)
Service Agency (FSA) under the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. (7 U.S.C. 6932)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Farm Service Agency. Amends the section, and other related sections in the 1994 Act, by removing the term "consolidated." (§I2404)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§I2404)
|
Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. (7 U.S.C. 6933(d)(1))
|
Removes Under Secretary of Agriculture for Farm and Foreign (FSA) under the
section, and other related sections in
Department of Agriculture
the 1994 Act, by removing the term
Reorganization Act of 1994. (7 U.S.C.
“consolidated.” (§I2404)
6932)
CRS-331
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Department of Agriculture
Removes Under Secretary of
Identical to House provision.
Identical to Senate provision.
Reorganization Act of 1994. (7 U.S.C.
Agriculture for Farm and Foreign
(§12405(a))
(§12405)(a)
6933(d)(1))
Agricultural Services and inserts Under Secretary of Agriculture for Production and Conservation in the Office of Risk Management. (§11601(a))
Department of Agriculture
Removes Under Secretary of
Removes Under Secretary of
Identical to Senate provision.
Reorganization Act of 1994. (7 U.S.C.
Agriculture for Farm and Foreign
Agriculture for Farm and Foreign
(§12405)(b)
6952(b)(3))
Agricultural Services and inserts Under
Agricultural Services and inserts Under
Secretary for Trade and Foreign
Secretary for Agriculture for Farm
Agricultural Affairs in the Multiagency
Production and Conservation in the
Task Force. (§11601(a))
Multiagency Task Force. (§12405(b))
Food for Peace Act. (7 U.S.C.
Removes Under Secretary of
Identical to House provision.
Identical to Senate provision.
1725(b))
Agriculture for Farm and Foreign
(§12405(c))
(§12405)(c)
Management. (§11601(a))
|
Identical to House provision. (§12405(a))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12405)(a)
|
Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. (7 U.S.C. 6952(b)(3))
|
Removes Under Secretary of Agriculture for Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services and inserts Under Secretary for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs in the Multiagency Task Force. (§11601(a))
|
Removes Under Secretary of Agriculture for Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services and inserts Under Secretary for Agriculture for Farm Production and Conservation in the Multiagency Task Force. (§12405(b))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12405)(b)
|
Food for Peace Act. (7 U.S.C. 1725(b))
|
Removes Under Secretary of Agriculture for Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services and inserts Under Secretary for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs in the Food Aid Consultative Group. (§11601(a))
|
Identical to House provision. (§12405(c))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12405)(c)
|
Higher Education Act of 1965. (20 U.S.C. 1131c(c)(1)(A))
|
Removes Under Secretary of Agriculture for Farm and Foreign
Higher Education Act of 1965. (20
Removes Under Secretary of
Identical to House provision.
Identical to Senate provision.
U.S.C. 1131c(c)(1)(A))
Agriculture for Farm and Foreign
(§12405(d))
(§12405)(d)
Agricultural Services and inserts Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs in the Interagency Committee on Minority Careers in International Affairs. (§11601(a))
Established the Office of Advocacy
Renames the Office of Advocacy and
Reauthorizes appropriations of $2
Similar to the House provision, except
and Outreach which leads USDA in
Outreach as the Office of
mil ion each fiscal year for FY2019-
removes specific mention of tribal
implementing outreach and assistance to Partnerships and Public
FY2023 for the Office of Advocacy and
farmers and ranchers, which are already
socially disadvantaged farmers and
Engagement. Amends the section to
Outreach. (§12303)
included in the definition of socially
ranchers and veteran farmers and
improve access to USDA programs to
disadvantaged farmers and ranchers.
ranchers. Also carries out the functions
limited resource producers, veteran
(§12406)
and duties of the Office of Outreach
farmers and ranchers, and tribal farmers
and Diversity under the Assistant
and ranchers. Also adds “promoting
Secretary for Civil Rights, oversees the
youth outreach” as an objective of the
CRS-332
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Office of Small Farms Coordination, and newly named office. Reauthorizes coordinates with NIFA on the
appropriations funding of $2 mil ion
administration of the beginning farmer
each fiscal year FY2019-FY2023.
and rancher development program. (7
(§11203)
U.S.C. 6934)
Establishes the Under Secretary of
No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to re-establish the
Identical to Senate provision. (§I2407)
Agriculture for Rural Development
position of Under Secretary of
under the Department of Agriculture
Agriculture for Rural
Reorganization Act of 1994. (7 U.S.C.
Development. The authority in this
6941)
provision does not terminate. (§12406)
(§11601(a))
|
Identical to House provision. (§12405(d))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12405)(d)
|
Established the Office of Advocacy and Outreach which leads USDA in implementing outreach and assistance to socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers and veteran farmers and ranchers. Also carries out the functions and duties of the Office of Outreach and Diversity under the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, oversees the Office of Small Farms Coordination, and coordinates with NIFA on the administration of the beginning farmer and rancher development program. (7 U.S.C. 6934)
|
Renames the Office of Advocacy and Outreach as the Office of Partnerships and Public Engagement. Amends the section to improve access to USDA programs to limited resource producers, veteran farmers and ranchers, and tribal farmers and ranchers. Also adds "promoting youth outreach" as an objective of the newly named office. Reauthorizes appropriations funding of $2 million each fiscal year FY2019-FY2023. (§11203)
|
Reauthorizes appropriations of $2 million each fiscal year for FY2019-FY2023 for the Office of Advocacy and Outreach. (§12303)
|
Similar to the House provision, except removes specific mention of tribal farmers and ranchers, which are already included in the definition of socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers. (§12406)
|
Establishes the Under Secretary of Agriculture for Rural Development under the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. (7 U.S.C. 6941)
The May 2017 USDA reorganization replaced the Under Secretary of Agriculture for Rural Development with an Assistant to the Secretary for Rural Development.
Establishes the Rural Utilities Service No comparable provision.
Administrator of RUS. Amends
Similar to Senate provision but amends
(RUS) under the Department of
compensation for the RUS
it to properly align with Title 5 and
Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994.
administrator. The base pay is not to
remove unnecessary conforming
(7 U.S.C. 6942)
exceed the maximum amount of
amendments. (§I2408)
Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7
compensation payable to a member of
U.S.C. 918b)
Development.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires USDA to re-establish the position of Under Secretary of Agriculture for Rural Development. The authority in this provision does not terminate. (§12406)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§I2407)
|
Establishes the Rural Utilities Service (RUS) under the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. (7 U.S.C. 6942)
Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 918b)
ConAct (7 U.S.C.2008p(a))
Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8107a(b)(a))
Launching Our Communities' Access to Local Television Act of 2000 (47 U.S.C. 1103)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Administrator of RUS. Amends compensation for the RUS administrator. The base pay is not to exceed the maximum amount of compensation payable to a member of the Senior Executive Service under 5 U.S.C. 5382, except the certification
ConAct (7 U.S.C. 2008p(a))
requirement does not apply. Removes
Farm Security and Rural Investment Act
the RUS administrator from Level IV
of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8107a(b)(a))
Executive Schedule (5 U.S.C. 5315).
Launching Our Communities‘ Access to
Makes conforming amendments to
Local Television Act of 2000 (47
various laws by striking Administrator of
U.S.C. 1103)
RUS and inserting Secretary of Agriculture. (§12407)
Department of Agriculture
No comparable provision.
Requires USDA to establish the position Similar to Senate provision but changes
Reorganization Act of 1994.
of Rural Health Liaison. The liaison is the name of the Interagency Task Force
Authorizes the Secretary to streamline,
to (l) consult with the Secretary of
on Agriculture and Rural Prosperity to
reorganize, and manage USDA
Health and Human Services and
the Council on Rural Community
programs and activities. (7 U.S.C.
coordinate USDA’U.S.C. 5382, except the certification requirement does not apply. Removes the RUS administrator from Level IV Executive Schedule (5 U.S.C. 5315). Makes conforming amendments to various laws by striking Administrator of RUS and inserting Secretary of Agriculture. (§12407)
|
Similar to Senate provision but amends it to properly align with Title 5 and remove unnecessary conforming amendments. (§I2408)
|
Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. Authorizes the Secretary to streamline, reorganize, and manage USDA programs and activities. (7 U.S.C. 6911 et seq.)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Requires USDA to establish the position of Rural Health Liaison. The liaison is to (l) consult with the Secretary of Health and Human Services and coordinate USDA's role in rural health; s role in rural health;
Innovation and Economic Development.
6911 et seq.)
(2) integrate USDA rural health
(§12409)
strategic planning and activities; (3)
CRS-333
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
improve communications within USDA and other federal agencies; (4) advocate for health care and infrastructure needs; (5) provide stakeholders with relevant information on USDA programs for rural health; (6) maintain communication with public health, medical, occupational safety, and other stakeholders on current and upcoming issues; (7) consult on programs, pilot projects, research, and training; (8) provide expertise on rural health as Chair of the lnteragency Task Force on Agriculture and Rural Prosperity, and (9) provide technical assistance and guidance to USDA outreach, extension, and county offices. (§12408)
Establishes the Natural Resources
No comparable provision.
Adds a section on field offices, by
Similar to Senate provision, reduces the
Conservation Service (NRCS)
prohibiting USDA from closing an
60-day notice to 30 days. The
under the Department of Agriculture
NRCS field office unless the House
provision’s authority expires on
Reorganization Act of I 994. (7 U.S.C.
Committee on Agriculture and the
September 30, 2023. (§12410)
6962)
and county offices. (§12408)
|
Similar to Senate provision but changes the name of the Interagency Task Force on Agriculture and Rural Prosperity to the Council on Rural Community Innovation and Economic Development. (§12409)
|
Establishes the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) under the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of I 994. (7 U.S.C. 6962)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Adds a section on field offices, by prohibiting USDA from closing an NRCS field office unless the House Committee on Agriculture and the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry are notified no later than 60 days before closure. Prohibits, without 60-day committee notification, the permanent relocation of NRCS field employees if the result is two or fewer employees. (§12410)
|
Similar to Senate provision, reduces the 60-day notice to 30 days. The provision's authority expires on September 30, 2023. (§12410)
|
Establishes the Under Secretary of Agriculture for Research, Education, and Economics (REE) under the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. (7 U.S.C. 6971)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends the Research, Education, and Extension Office under REE by renaming it the Office of Chief Scientist, and changes the names where they appear.
Establishes the Under Secretary of
No comparable provision.
Amends the Research, Education, and
Identical to Senate provision. (§12411)
Agriculture for Research,
Extension Office under REE by
Education, and Economics (REE)
renaming it the Office of Chief
under the Department of Agriculture
Scientist, and changes the names
Reorganization Act of 1994. (7 U.S.C.
where they appear.
6971)
Amends the term of service of division chiefs in the Office to "“not less than 3 years." In addition, the Under Secretary
CRS-334
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
of REE is to select personnel to oversee the implementation, training, and compliance with USDA scientific integrity policy, integrate strategic planning and evaluation, prepare an annual report to Congress, and coordinate international engagements with the Department of State, other federal offices, and international agencies. Authorizes appropriations of such sums as necessary to fund the costs of division personnel.
Amends the Rotation of Personnel clause by adding (iiiii ) provides strong staff continuity to the Office of Chief Scientist. (§12411)
Establishes the National Appeals
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Amends the act to require the director
Division under the Department of
of the division to recommend to the
Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994.
Secretary persons to be hearing officers,
(7 U.S.C. 6992 et seq.)
Scientist. (§12411)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12411)
|
Establishes the National Appeals Division under the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. (7 U.S.C. 6992 et seq.)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends the act to require the director of the division to recommend to the Secretary persons to be hearing officers, whereas previously the director appointed hearing officers. Specifies that each position in the division is to be filledfil ed with persons who are not political appointees. (§12412)
Department of Agriculture
No comparable provision.
Amends the 1994 Act to establish
Identical to Senate provision. (§12413)
Reorganization Act of 1994.
Subtitle J—Trade and Foreign
Authorizes the Secretary to streamline,
Agricultural Affairs, and the Under
reorganize, and manage USDA
Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and
programs and activities. (7 U.S.C.
Foreign Agricultural Affairs. The Under
6911 et seq.)
appointees. (§12412)
|
Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. Authorizes the Secretary to streamline, reorganize, and manage USDA programs and activities. (7 U.S.C. 6911 et seq.)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends the 1994 Act to establish Subtitle J—Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs, and the Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs. The Under Secretary is appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Under Secretary's ’s principal functions are trade and foreign agricultural affairs, and whatever other duties may be required by law or prescribed by the Secretary. (§12412)
CRS-335
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Department of Agriculture
No comparable provision.
Repeals several sections of the 1994 Act Similar to Senate provision but adds
Reorganization Act of 1994.
and one in the 2014 farm bil that are in
amended language from Section 12415
Authorizes the Secretary to streamline,
7 U.S.C. 6901 et seq. as fol ows:
of the Senate-passed bil (see below).
reorganize, and manage USDA
Transfer of Department Functions to
(§12414)
programs and activities. (7 U.S.C.
Secretary of Agriculture (Section 6911);
6911 et seq.)
Reductions in Number of Department
Agriculture Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-
prescribed by the Secretary. (§12412)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12413)
|
Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. Authorizes the Secretary to streamline, reorganize, and manage USDA programs and activities. (7 U.S.C. 6911 et seq.)
Agriculture Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Repeals several sections of the 1994 Act and one in the 2014 farm bill that are in 7 U.S.C. 6901 et seq. as follows: Transfer of Department Functions to Secretary of Agriculture (Section 6911); Reductions in Number of Department Personnel (Section 6913); Consolidation Personnel (Section 6913); Consolidation
79)
of Headquarters Offices (Section 6914); Reports by Secretary (Section 6917); Reorganization of Forest Service (Section 6963); Program Staff (Section 6972); Proposed Conforming Amendments (Section 7013); and Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs (Section 6935) in the 2014 farm billbil . (§12413)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Effect of Subtitle. The effective date
No comparable provision. Incorporates
for the provisions in Subtitle D—
Senate amended language in Section
Department of Agriculture
12414, above.
. (§12413)
|
Similar to Senate provision but adds amended language from Section 12415 of the Senate-passed bill (see below). (§12414)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Effect of Subtitle. The effective date for the provisions in Subtitle D—Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 Amendments (excluding 12407(a)(1)(B) and 12414(b)(2)) take effect upon enactment. The subtitle provisions do not affect the authority of the Secretary or the authorities delegated. (§12415)
Establishes the Office of Risk
No comparable provision.
Technical Corrections. Strikes the
Identical to Senate provision. (§12415)
Management under Department of
first clause in section (a), which refers
Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994.
to a nonexistent paragraph.
(7 U.S.C. 6933)
(§12414(a))
Establishes Assistant Secretaries of
No comparable provision.
Amends some language in sections (b)
Agriculture under Department of
and (c) to correct an error. Amends the
Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994.
effective date language. (§12414(b))
(7 U.S.C. 6918)
CRS-336
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Termination of Authority. Ends the
Adds to provisions that do not
Similar to House provision, except
Similar to House provision except
Secretary of Agriculture’s authority to
terminate Section 772 of the Agriculture,
inserts the Agriculture Improvement Act of
adopts the title Agriculture Improvement
reorganize USDA two years after the
Rural Development, Food and Drug
2018 in 7 U.S.C. 7014(b). (§12416)
Act of 2018. (§12416)
enactment of the Department of
Administration, and Related Agencies
Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994.
Appropriations Act, 2018, or the Agriculture
Lists functions that are not affected by
and Nutrition Act of 2018 in 7 U.S.C.
the two-year termination date. (7
7014(b). (§11602)
U.S.C. 7014)
or the authorities delegated. (§12415)
|
No comparable provision. Incorporates Senate amended language in Section 12414, above.
|
Establishes the Office of Risk Management under Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. (7 U.S.C. 6933)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Technical Corrections. Strikes the first clause in section (a), which refers to a nonexistent paragraph. (§12414(a))
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12415)
|
Establishes Assistant Secretaries of Agriculture under Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. (7 U.S.C. 6918)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends some language in sections (b) and (c) to correct an error. Amends the effective date language. (§12414(b))
|
|
Termination of Authority. Ends the Secretary of Agriculture's authority to reorganize USDA two years after the enactment of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. Lists functions that are not affected by the two-year termination date. (7 U.S.C. 7014)
|
Adds to provisions that do not terminate Section 772 of the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2018, or the Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 in 7 U.S.C. 7014(b). (§11602)
Section 772 establishes the position of Under Secretary of Farm Production and Conservation, which replaces the Under Secretary of Agriculture for Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services. Section 772 also amends 5 U.S.C. 5314, which lists Level III positions of the Executive Schedule, by striking Under Secretary for Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services and inserting Under Secretary of Farm Production and Conservation and Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs.
Other Miscellaneous Provisions
Acer Access and Development
No comparable provision.
Reauthorizes appropriations of $20
Identical to Senate provision. (§12501)
Program. Authorizes grants to state
mil ion per year through FY2023.
and Foreign Agricultural Affairs.
|
Similar to House provision, except inserts the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 in 7 U.S.C. 7014(b). (§12416)
|
Similar to House provision except adopts the title Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018. (§12416)
|
Other Miscellaneous Provisions
|
Acer Access and Development Program. Authorizes grants to state and tribal governments to promote the and tribal governments to promote the
(§12501)
domestic maple syrup industry. Authorizes appropriations of $20 millionmil ion per year for FY2014 through FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 1632c)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Pet and women safety. Adds various
Similar to the Senate provision.
provisions of Title 18 of the U.S. Code
Renames the provision Protecting
to address domestic violence and
Animals with Shelter. Clarifies the
stalking, interstate stalking, interstate
definition of pet to include service
violation of protection orders, and
animals, emotional support animals, and
restitution (Sections 2261, 2262, 2264A, horses. Authorizes USDA to enter into
a memorandum of understanding with
CRS-337
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
and 2266) that also involve the pets of
the head of other relevant departments
abuse victims.
to facilitate the grant program to assist
Authorizes the Secretary, acting in
victims of domestic violence and their
consultation with the Office of the
pets. (§12502)
FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 1632c)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Reauthorizes appropriations of $20 million per year through FY2023. (§12501)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12501)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Pet and women safety. Adds various provisions of Title 18 of the U.S. Code to address domestic violence and stalking, interstate stalking, interstate violation of protection orders, and restitution (Sections 2261, 2262, 2264A, and 2266) that also involve the pets of abuse victims.
Authorizes the Secretary, acting in consultation with the Office of the Violence Against Women of the Department of Justice, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, and the Secretary of Health and Human Services, to award grants to eligible entities to carry out programs to provide assistance to victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking and the pets of such victims. Grants may be used to provide emergency and transitional shelter and housing assistance for domestic violence victims with pets, short-term shelter and housing assistance, support services to victims fleeing a situation of domestic violence, and provide pet-related services such as transportation, veterinary services, and pet care. The provision describes conditions of an award, such as being bound to the nondisclosure of confidential information requirements of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (34 U.S.C. 1229(a)). Assistance to victims is limited to no more than 24 months, although there is provision for an extension of up to 6 months.
A report to Congress is required which will wil be transmitted to the Office of Violence Against Women, the Office of Community Planning and Development, and the Administration for Children and Families.
CRS-338
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Authorizes an appropriation of $3 mil ion each year for FY2019-FY2023. (§12503)
Import prohibitions on specified
Pecan marketing orders. Amends
Marketing orders. Amends the
Similar to the Senate provision but
foreign produce. Requires that
the section by adding pecans. (§9202)
section by adding cherries and pecans.
clarifies that the term cherries includes
certain imported produce comply with
(§12505)
all processed tart or sour cherries,
marketing order grade, size, quality, and
including frozen and dried cherries (with
maturity provisions or comparable
or without added sweetener), cherry
marketing order restrictions. (7 U.S.C.
juice (concentrate or single strength),
608e-1(a))
and canned cherries. (§12503)
Department of Agriculture
Amends the 1994 act to require USDA
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision but amends
Reorganization Act of 1994.
to establish, within the Office of the
it by including Senate provision (Section
Authorizes the Secretary to streamline,
Secretary, a food loss and waste
12506 of the Senate-passed bil ) that
reorganize, and manage USDA
reduction liaison to coordinate
requires USDA to conduct a study on
programs and activities. (7 U.S.C.
federal programs to measure and
food waste. The Secretary is to conduct
6911 et seq.)
reduce the incidence of food loss and
Families.
Authorizes an appropriation of $3 million each year for FY2019-FY2023. (§12503)
|
Similar to the Senate provision. Renames the provision Protecting Animals with Shelter. Clarifies the definition of pet to include service animals, emotional support animals, and horses. Authorizes USDA to enter into a memorandum of understanding with the head of other relevant departments to facilitate the grant program to assist victims of domestic violence and their pets. (§12502)
|
Import prohibitions on specified foreign produce. Requires that certain imported produce comply with marketing order grade, size, quality, and maturity provisions or comparable marketing order restrictions. (7 U.S.C. 608e-1(a))
|
Pecan marketing orders. Amends the section by adding pecans. (§9202)
|
Marketing orders. Amends the section by adding cherries and pecans. (§12505)
|
Similar to the Senate provision but clarifies that the term cherries includes all processed tart or sour cherries, including frozen and dried cherries (with or without added sweetener), cherry juice (concentrate or single strength), and canned cherries. (§12503)
|
Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. Authorizes the Secretary to streamline, reorganize, and manage USDA programs and activities. (7 U.S.C. 6911 et seq.)
|
Amends the 1994 act to require USDA to establish, within the Office of the Secretary, a food loss and waste reduction liaison to coordinate federal programs to measure and reduce the incidence of food loss and waste, provide information and resources, and raise awareness of the liability protections for donated foods. (§11607)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision but amends it by including Senate provision (Section 12506 of the Senate-passed bill) that requires USDA to conduct a study on food waste. The Secretary is to conduct the study in consultation with the liaison the study in consultation with the liaison
waste, provide information and
on food waste and issue reports on
resources, and raise awareness of the
food waste data and efforts to reduce
liability protections for donated foods.
waste. (§12504)
(§11607)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
on food waste and issue reports on food waste data and efforts to reduce waste. (§12504)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Study on food waste. Requires USDA Similar to Senate provision but amends to to conduct a study to evaluate and determine methods of measuring food waste; standards for the volume of food waste; and factors that create food waste. (§12506)
|
Similar to Senate provision but amends it by including it in the provision that creates the food loss and waste reduction liaison position in USDA. (See §
it by including it in the provision that
determine methods of measuring food
creates the food loss and waste
waste; standards for the volume of food
reduction liaison position in USDA.
waste; and factors that create food
(See §12504 above)
waste. (§12506)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
12504 above)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Report on business centers. Requires the Comptroller.
Identical to Senate provision. (§12505)
Requires the Comptrol er General of the United States to provide House and Senate agriculture committees a report evaluating USDA business centers. The report is to examine the effectiveness on customer service and on funding in the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Farm Service Agency, and the Risk Management Agency; the
CRS-339
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
impact on information technology modernization, on human resources; and concerns, and positive or negative impacts of the centers. The report is due no later than 365 days after enactment. (§12507)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
enactment. (§12507)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12505)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Report on personnelReport on personnel. USDA is
Identical to Senate provision. (§12506)
. USDA is required to provide the House and Senate agriculture committees a biannual report on the number of staff years and employees for each agency for each fiscal year 2019 through 2023. (§12509)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12506)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
|
Report on absent landlords. USDA . USDA
Identical to Senate provision. (§12507)
is required to provide Congress a report on the effects of absent landlords on agricultural production, including land valuation, soil health, and the economic stability of rural communities. The report is due no later than one year from enactment. (§12510)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12507)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Century Farms Program. Establishes
No comparable provision.
Century Farms Program. Establishes Identical to House provision. (§12512)
Identical to House provision. (§12508)
a program under which the Secretary of Agriculture recognizes any farm or ranch, as defined in Cooperative Services Grant Programs, which has been in continuous operation for at least 100 years, and has been owned by the same family for at least 100 consecutive years, as verified through appropriate documentation. (§11610)
|
Identical to House provision. (§12512)
|
No comparable provision.
Report on dog importation. USDA,
Identical to House provision. (§12508)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Report on dog importation. USDA, in consultation with the Secretaries of Commerce (DOC), Health and Human Services (HHS), and Homeland Security (DHS), is to submit a report to the House Committee on Agriculture and the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry on the importation of dogs within 180 days of enactment. The report is to include (1) an estimate of the number of dogs imported annually, (2) the number of 12513)
Similar to the House provision but
in consultation with the Secretaries of
revises the deadline for submitting the
Commerce (DOC), Health and Human
report to one year after enactment.
Services (HHS), and Homeland Security
Also, specifies the report is to include
(DHS), is to submit a report to the
the three most recent calendar years of
CRS-340
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
House Committee on Agriculture and
data for the total number of dogs,
the Senate Committee on Agriculture,
including personal pets, imported,
Nutrition, and Forestry on the
instead of estimates of dog imports, and
importation of dogs within 180 days of
that DOC, HHS, and DHS are to
enactment. The report is to include (1)
provide USDA dog importation data
an estimate of the number of dogs
and recommendations no later than 180
imported annually, (2) the number of
days after the enactment. (§12509)
dogs imported for resale, (3) the number imported for resale but denied importation due to failure of Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2148) requirements, and (4) Secretary recommendations of federal statutory changes needed for importation for resale. (§11612
|
Identical to House
Native American Housing
No comparable provision.
Promise Zones. Authorizes the
Similar to Senate provision but strikes
Assistance and Self-Determination
Secretary, after consultation with other
the section on competitive
Act of 1996. Authorizes the Secretary
Departments, to designate “Tribal
enhancement in federal awards to tribal
of Housing and Urban Development to
Promise Zones” nominated by 1 or
promise zones. (§12510)
make grants on behalf on Indian tribes
more Indian tribes. Designations of
to carry out affordable housing
Tribal Promise Zones shall occur before
activities. (25 U.S.C. 4103)
(§12513)
|
Similar to the House provision but revises the deadline for submitting the report to one year after enactment. Also, specifies the report is to include the three most recent calendar years of data for the total number of dogs, including personal pets, imported, instead of estimates of dog imports, and that DOC, HHS, and DHS are to provide USDA dog importation data and recommendations no later than 180 days after the enactment. (§12509)
|
Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996. Authorizes the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to make grants on behalf on Indian tribes to carry out affordable housing activities. (25 U.S.C. 4103)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Promise Zones. Authorizes the Secretary, after consultation with other Departments, to designate "Tribal Promise Zones" nominated by 1 or more Indian tribes. Designations of Tribal Promise Zones shall occur before January 1, 2020. Designation as a Promise Zone is for the purpose of priority consideration in federal grant programs upon execution of the Tribal Promise Zone agreement with the Secretary. Designation as a Tribal Zone requires a competitiveness plan to address the needs of the nominated zone to attract investment and jobs and improve educational opportunities, demonstrate collaborationcol aboration across a wide range of stakeholders, outline a strategy that connects the nominated zone to drivers of regional economic growth, and proposes a strategy for focusing on increased access to high
CRS-341
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
quality affordable housing and improved public safety. From the list of nominated sites, the Secretary shall shal designate Tribal Promise Zones based on the effectiveness of the competitiveness plan, unemployment rates, poverty rates, vacancy rates, crime rates, and other factors determined by the Secretary. Tribal Zones will wil receive priority for each federal grant program, technical assistance, and capacity building competitive funding application opportunity. Tribal Zone designation will wil terminate after 10 years, or the date of revocation of such designation. (§12515)
No comparable provision.
Similar to Section 6801 and Section
Precision agriculture connectivity.
Similar to Senate provision but clarifies
6802 in the Rural Development title.
States the congressional findings on
the definition of broadband Internet
precision agriculture and authorizes the
access service and adds that no additional
establishment of a task force by the
funds are authorized to be appropriated
Federal Communications Commission
to carry out this section. (§12511)
date of revocation of such designation. (§12515)
|
Similar to Senate provision but strikes the section on competitive enhancement in federal awards to tribal promise zones. (§12510)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to Section 6801 and Section 6802 in the Rural Development title.
|
Precision agriculture connectivity. States the congressional findings on precision agriculture and authorizes the establishment of a task force by the Federal Communications Commission for reviewing the connectivity and technology needs of precision agriculture. The task force will collaboratewil col aborate with USDA and public and private stakeholders in the agriculture and technology fields to identify gaps in the availability of broadband across agricultural land and to develop policy recommendations. (§12516)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Improved soil moisture and
U.S. Drought Monitor. Requires the
The U.S. Drought Monitor is a
precipitation monitoring. Requires
Secretary to coordinate with NDMC
col aboration between the USDA,
the Secretary to develop and implement and NOAA to improve the accuracy of
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
a cost-effective strategy to improve the
the U.S. Drought Monitor. Programs
Administration (NOAA), and the
accuracy of the U.S. Drought
that use drought or precipitation
National Drought Mitigation Center at
Monitor within one year of enactment.
indices, such as LFP and federal crop
USDA is required to prioritize the
insurance, are required to use
CRS-342
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
implementation of soil moisture
consistent sources of data. USDA is
Weekly maps are released based on
monitoring stations (up to 50 per state)
required to conduct a review—within
measurements of climatic, hydrologic,
in drought prone states. Authorizes an
one year of enactment—of the types,
and soil conditions and are combined
appropriation of $5 mil ion annual y
coverage, and sources of data used by
with local impacts and observations
between FY2019 through FY2023 for
the U.S. Drought Monitor. Fol owing
across the country. The drought
these stations. USDA is also required to the review USDA must expand the
monitor is used to determine drought
standardize soil moisture data col ection col ection of data and develop standards
relief for USDA programs (e.g.,
and data derived from citizen science (as
for integrating data from external
Livestock Forage Program [LFP] and the
defined in 15 U.S.C. 3724, and including
sources. Authorizes an appropriation of
Non-Fat Dry Milk Program) and by the
the Cooperative Observer Program at
$5 mil ion annually for FY2019-FY2023.
Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to
the National Weather Service). For LFP
(§12512)
determine the replacement period for
and federal crop insurance policies,
livestock sold because of drought.
USDA is required to use the U.S.
Funding is not directly appropriated for
Drought Monitor, soil moisture data
these efforts.
from the aforementioned stations, data from the Cooperative Observer Program, and any other applicable data to determine grazing losses and grazing rates. USDA may coordinate with other federal, state, and local governments, and nonfederal entities. (§12517)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Dairy Business Innovation
Similar to Senate provision but amends
Initiatives. The USDA Agricultural
it to streamline the establishment of
Marketing Service (AMS) is required to
initiatives, eligible and ineligible entities,
establish at least three regionally located and types of assistance. Also modifies dairy business innovation initiatives to
priorities for awarding grants and
encourage the use of regional milk
simplifies the reporting requirements.
recommendations. (§12516)
|
Similar to Senate provision but clarifies the definition of broadband Internet access service and adds that no additional funds are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section. (§12511)
|
No comparable provision.
The U.S. Drought Monitor is a collaboration between the USDA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the National Drought Mitigation Center at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Weekly maps are released based on measurements of climatic, hydrologic, and soil conditions and are combined with local impacts and observations across the country. The drought monitor is used to determine drought relief for USDA programs (e.g., Livestock Forage Program (LFP) and the Non-Fat Dry Milk Program) and by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to determine the replacement period for livestock sold because of drought. Funding is not directly appropriated for these efforts.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Improved soil moisture and precipitation monitoring. Requires the Secretary to develop and implement a cost-effective strategy to improve the accuracy of the U.S. Drought Monitor within one year of enactment. USDA is required to prioritize the implementation of soil moisture monitoring stations (up to 50 per state) in drought prone states. Authorizes an appropriation of $5 million annually between FY2019 through FY2023 for these stations. USDA is also required to standardize soil moisture data collection and data derived from citizen science (as defined in 15 U.S.C. 3724, and including the Cooperative Observer Program at the National Weather Service). For Livestock Forage Program (LFP) and federal crop insurance policies, USDA is required to use the U.S. Drought Monitor, soil moisture data from the aforementioned stations, data from the Cooperative Observer Program, and any other applicable data to determine grazing losses and grazing rates. USDA may coordinate with other federal, state, and local governments, and nonfederal entities. (§12517)
|
U.S. Drought Monitor. Requires the Secretary to coordinate with NDMC and NOAA to improve the accuracy of the U.S. Drought Monitor. Programs that use drought or precipitation indices, such as LFP and federal crop insurance, are required to use consistent sources of data. USDA is required to conduct a review—within one year of enactment—of the types, coverage, and sources of data used by the U.S. Drought Monitor. Following the review USDA must expand the collection of data and develop standards for integrating data from external sources. Authorizes an appropriation of $5 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§12512)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Dairy Business Innovation Initiatives. The USDA Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) is required to establish at least three regionally located dairy business innovation initiatives to encourage the use of regional milk production, create higher-value use of production, create higher-value use of
(§12513)
dairy products, promote processing and marketing innovation, diversify markets to reduce risk, and use of federal resources. The initiatives are to provide direct nonmonetary assistance (e.g., technical assistance, training, informational websites, and conferences) and grants for modernization, specialization, updates
CRS-343
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
to the value chain, and product development and marketing. Within one year of enactment, USDA is to provide a report to Congress describing the implementation of the initiatives. Authorizes appropriations of $20 millionmil ion each fiscal year. (§12519)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
each fiscal year. (§12519)
|
Similar to Senate provision but amends it to streamline the establishment of initiatives, eligible and ineligible entities, and types of assistance. Also modifies priorities for awarding grants and simplifies the reporting requirements. (§12513)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Report on funding for NIFA and
Identical to Senate provision. (§12514)
other extension programs. Within two years of the date that the 2017 Census of Agriculture is released, USDA is to submit a report to the House and Senate agriculture committees that describes the funding requirements that would enable NIFA to address extension and research needs to address the growth and economics of rural and farming communities based on changing demographics. (§12520)
No comparable provision.
Prohibition on slaughter of dogs
Similar to House provision. Imposes a
Identical to Senate provision. (§12515)
and cats for human consumption.
fine of not more than $5,000 per
demographics. (§12520)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12514)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Prohibition on slaughter of dogs and cats for human consumption. Amends the Animal Welfare Act (7 Amends the Animal Welfare Act (7
violation. (§12521)
U.S.C. 2131 et seq.) to prohibit knowingly slaughtering dogs or cats for human consumption. Also prohibits the transporting, possessing, buying, selling, or donation of a dog or cat for such purposes and imposes penalties of not more than one year in prison, and/or a $2,500 fine for violations. The provision does not limit any state or local law to protect animal welfare. (§11613)
Food labeling. The Nutrition Labeling
Requires USDA to submit a report to
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision with changes
and Education Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-
the House and Senate Agriculture
that incorporate language permitting the
535) amended the Federal Food, Drug,
Committees examining the effect of a
food labeling requirements under
CRS-344
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
and Cosmetic Act and provides the
final FDA regulation, ‘‘Food Labeling:
Section 403(q) of the Federal Food,
FDA with the authority to require
Revision of the Nutrition and
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C.
nutrition labeling on most packaged
Supplement Facts Labels’’ (81 Federal
343(q)) to not require that nutrition
foods. (21 U.S.C. 343(q))
Register 33742) and whether the
facts label of any single ingredient sugar,
nutrition facts panel on the labeling of
honey, agave, and syrup (including maple
packaged food regarding ‘‘added sugar’
syrup) that is packaged and offered for
should apply for foods with added
sale as a single ingredient food bear the
honey and maple syrup. (§9203)
declaration “Includes Xg Added Sugars.” (§12516)
Peanuts Standards Board.
South Carolina inclusion in
Identical to House provision. (§12502)
Identical to House provision. (§12517)
Establishes a board consisting of
Virginia/Carolina peanut-producing
producers and industry representatives
region. Amends the designated
from peanut-producing states. Board
Virginia/Carolina region by adding South
members are appointed from three
Carolina as a state represented on the
regions: Southeast (Alabama, Georgia,
Peanut Standards Board. (§11606)
protect animal welfare. (§11613)
|
Similar to House provision. Imposes a fine of not more than $5,000 per violation. (§12521)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12515)
|
Food labeling. The Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-535) amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and provides the FDA with the authority to require nutrition labeling on most packaged foods. (21 U.S.C. 343(q))
|
Requires USDA to submit a report to the House and Senate Agriculture Committees examining the effect of a final FDA regulation, ''Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels'' (81 Federal Register 33742) and whether the nutrition facts panel on the labeling of packaged food regarding ''added sugar'' should apply for foods with added honey and maple syrup. (§9203)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision with changes that incorporate language permitting the food labeling requirements under Section 403(q) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 343(q)) to not require that nutrition facts label of any single ingredient sugar, honey, agave, and syrup (including maple syrup) that is packaged and offered for sale as a single ingredient food bear the declaration "Includes Xg Added Sugars." (§12516)
|
Peanuts Standards Board. Establishes a board consisting of producers and industry representatives from peanut-producing states. Board members are appointed from three regions: Southeast (Alabama, Georgia, and Florida); Southwest (Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico); and Virginia/Carolina (Virginia and North Carolina). Members of the board are to advise the Secretary on quality and handling standards for domestic and import peanuts. (7 U.S.C. 7958(c))
These Examination, Selection, and
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Forest Service hire authority.
Placement provisions govern the civil
Allows the Secretary, without regard to
service. (5 U.S.C. Chapter 33)
import peanuts. (7 U.S.C. 7958(c))
|
South Carolina inclusion in Virginia/Carolina peanut-producing region. Amends the designated Virginia/Carolina region by adding South Carolina as a state represented on the Peanut Standards Board. (§11606)
|
Identical to House provision. (§12502)
|
Identical to House provision. (§12517)
|
These Examination, Selection, and Placement provisions govern the civil service. (5 U.S.C. Chapter 33)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Forest Service hire authority. Allows the Secretary, without regard to most provisions of 5 U.S.C. 33, to appoint a former resource assistant, as defined in 16 U.S.C. 1722, directly to a position in the Forest Service for which the candidate meets the Office of Personnel Management qualification standards. (§12518)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
standards. (§12518)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Conversion authority. Allows the Secretary to noncompetitively convert an individual to an appointment in the competitive service with USDA if the individual is a U.S. citizen and a recent
CRS-345
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
graduate or student who has been awarded and successfullysuccessful y completed a scholarship program grant by USDA through the 1890 National Scholars Program or the 1994 Tribal Scholars Program. The person must meet OPM qualification standards. The provision does not require the Secretary to convert an individual. (§12519)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
convert an individual. (§12519)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Authorization of protection operations for the Secretary of Agriculture and others. Authorizes USDA to employ qualified law enforcement officers or special agents to protect the Secretary and Deputy Secretary in their official duties. USDA is required to provide a report to the House and Senate Agriculture Committees describing the protection provided and associated expenditures. The first report is due September 30, 2019, and each September 30 thereafter through 2024. (§12520)
National Oilheat Research Alliance No comparable provision.
Repeals the sunset clause of the 2000
Similar to Senate provision but amends
Act of 2000 (NORA). Established an
act. Amends the act to limit the amount
the sunset clause to extend NORA 10
oilheat industry alliance to develop
of assessment funds the Alliance can
years. Changes the limitations on the
projects for the research, development,
obligate in a fiscal year to 75% of the
obligated funds provision from fiscal
and demonstration of clean and efficient
assessments. Excess amounts over the
years to calendar years. (§12531)
oilheat utilization equipment; and to
75% limit are to be deposited in an
operate programs that enhanced
escrow account, and interest earned
consumer and employee training. (42
must be deposited in the account and
U.S.C. 6201 note; P.L. 106-469)
through 2024. (§12520)
|
National Oilheat Research Alliance Act of 2000 (NORA). Established an oilheat industry alliance to develop projects for the research, development, and demonstration of clean and efficient oilheat utilization equipment; and to operate programs that enhanced consumer and employee training. (42 U.S.C. 6201 note; P.L. 106-469)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Repeals the sunset clause of the 2000 act. Amends the act to limit the amount of assessment funds the Alliance can obligate in a fiscal year to 75% of the assessments. Excess amounts over the 75% limit are to be deposited in an escrow account, and interest earned must be deposited in the account and not be obligated. After the covered period, the alliance may obligate up to one-fifth of the amount in the escrow account on the last day of the covered period. For estimating the amount of assessment to be collectedcol ected for a fiscal
CRS-346
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
for a fiscal year, the estimate is to be 62% of the actual amount collectedcol ected in the most recent fiscal year that has been audited as of the beginning of the fiscal year for which funds are being obligated. Fiscal years are the ninth and 10th10th fiscal years after enactment and the covered period begins upon enactment and ends on the last day of the 11th11th fiscal year. (§12627)
General Provisions
Taking, killing, or possessing
No comparable provision.
Baiting of migratory game birds.
Similar to Senate provision but amends
migratory birds unlawful. Prohibits
Within 30 days of the enactment of this
the reporting requirement by shifting
any person to take any migratory game
act, requires the Secretary of the
responsibility for the report on the
bird by the aid of baiting, or on or over
Interior, in consultation with the
impact of rice ratooning and post-
a baited area, when an individual knows
Secretary of Agriculture, to revise 50
disaster flooding on migratory game
or should reasonably know an area is
C.F.R. Part 20 to clarify that rice
birds to the Secretary of the Interior in
baited under authority of the Migratory
ratooning and post-disaster flooding,
consultation with the Secretary of
Bird Treaty (16 U.S.C. 703 et seq.). The
when carried out as part of a normal
Agriculture and after seeking input from
prohibition also extends to the baiting
agriculture operation, do not constitute
state departments of fish and wildlife or
of or causing the baiting of an area to
baiting with regard to migratory game
the Regional Migratory Bird Flyway
aid in the taking of a fiscal year. (§12627)
|
Similar to Senate provision but amends the sunset clause to extend NORA 10 years. Changes the limitations on the obligated funds provision from fiscal years to calendar years. (§12531)
|
General Provisions
|
Taking, killing, or possessing migratory birds unlawful. Prohibits any person to take any migratory game bird by the aid of baiting, or on or over a baited area, when an individual knows or should reasonably know an area is baited under authority of the Migratory Bird Treaty (16 U.S.C. 703 et seq.). The prohibition also extends to the baiting of or causing the baiting of an area to aid in the taking of a migratory game bird. The prohibition is implemented through 50 C.F.R. 20.21(i), which clarifies that areas that have seeds or grains spread through normal agricultural practices are not considered baited and that the inadvertent scattering of grain or other feed as the result of a hunter entering an area does not constitute baiting. (16 U.S.C. 703)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Baiting of migratory game birds. Within 30 days of the enactment of this act, requires the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, to revise 50 C.F.R. Part 20 to clarify that rice ratooning and post-disaster flooding, when carried out as part of a normal agriculture operation, do not constitute baiting with regard to migratory game migratory game
bird hunting. Defines "“rice ratooning”
Councils of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
bird. The prohibition is implemented
and “post-disaster flooding.”
Service. (§12601)
through 50 C.F.R. 20.21(i), which
Requires the Secretary of Agriculture
clarifies that areas that have seeds or
rice ratooning" and "post-disaster flooding."
Requires the Secretary of Agriculture to, not less than once a year, provide a
grains spread through normal
report to the Secretary of the Interior that describes any changes to normal agricultural operations across the United States.
agricultural practices are not considered
that describes any changes to normal
baited and that the inadvertent
agricultural operations across the
scattering of grain or other feed as the
United States.
result of a hunter entering an area does not constitute baiting. (16 U.S.C. 703)
Requires the Secretary of Agriculture, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior and after seeking input from state departments of fish and wildlife or the Regional Migratory Bird Flyway Councils of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, to publicly post a report on the impact of rice ratooning and post-
CRS-347
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
disaster flooding on the behavior of migratory game birds that are hunted in areas where these practices have occurred. (§12602)
Pima Agriculture Cotton Trust
Repeals the Pima Cotton Trust Fund.
Reauthorizes the trust fund in the
Identical to Senate provision. (§12602)
occurred. (§12602)
|
Similar to Senate provision but amends the reporting requirement by shifting responsibility for the report on the impact of rice ratooning and post-disaster flooding on migratory game birds to the Secretary of the Interior in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture and after seeking input from state departments of fish and wildlife or the Regional Migratory Bird Flyway Councils of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (§12601)
|
Pima Agriculture Cotton Trust Fund. Establishes a trust fund in the Treasury of the United States for the purpose of reducing the injury to domestic manufacturers resulting from tariffs on cotton fabric that are higher than tariffs on certain apparel articles made of cotton fabric. The Secretary may make payments to nationally recognized associations that promote pima cotton use, yarn spinners who produce ring spun cotton yarns, and manufacturers that cut and sew cotton shirts in the United States and that certify that they used imported cotton fabric in 2013. Payments to spinners and manufacturers are based on a production ratio and must be certified through affidavit. The Secretary shall transfer $16 million for each of the calendar years 2014-2018 from the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) to the trust fund, and are to remain available until expended. (7 U.S.C. 2101 note)
|
Repeals the Pima Cotton Trust Fund. (§11301)
|
Reauthorizes the trust fund in the Treasury of the United States for the purpose of reducing the injury to domestic manufacturers resulting from tariffs on cotton fabric that are higher than tariffs on certain apparel articles made of cotton fabric. The Secretary may make payments to nationally recognized associations that promote pima cotton use, yarn spinners who produce ring spun cotton yarns, and manufacturers that cut and sew cotton shirts in the United States and that Fund. Establishes a trust fund in the
(§11301)
Treasury of the United States for the
Treasury of the United States for the
purpose of reducing the injury to
purpose of reducing the injury to
domestic manufacturers resulting from
domestic manufacturers resulting from
tariffs on cotton fabric that are higher
tariffs on cotton fabric that are higher
than tariffs on certain apparel articles
than tariffs on certain apparel articles
made of cotton fabric. The Secretary
made of cotton fabric. The Secretary
may make payments to nationally
may make payments to nationally
recognized associations that promote
recognized associations that promote
pima cotton use, yarn spinners who
pima cotton use, yarn spinners who
produce ring spun cotton yarns, and
produce ring spun cotton yarns, and
manufacturers that cut and sew cotton
manufacturers that cut and sew cotton
shirts in the United States and that
shirts in the United States and that
certify that they used imported cotton
certify that they used imported cotton
fabric in the prior calendar year. A yarn
fabric in 2013. Payments to spinners and
spinner shall not receive more than the
manufacturers are based on a
cost of pima cotton that was purchased
production ratio and must be certified
during the prior calendar year and was
through affidavit. The Secretary shall
used in spinning any cotton yarns. The
transfer $16 mil ion for each of the
Secretary shall reallocate any amounts
calendar years 2014-2018 from the
to spinners using the new ratio. The
Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC)
Secretary shall transfer $16 mil ion for
to the trust fund, and are to remain
each of the calendar years through 2023
available until expended. (7 U.S.C.
certify that they used imported cotton fabric in the prior calendar year. A yarn spinner shall not receive more than the cost of pima cotton that was purchased during the prior calendar year and was used in spinning any cotton yarns. The Secretary shall reallocate any amounts to spinners using the new ratio. The Secretary shall transfer $16 million for each of the calendar years through 2023 from the CCC to the trust fund to from the CCC to the trust fund to
2101 note)
remain available until expended. (§12603)
|
Agriculture Wool Apparel
Repeals the Wool Apparel
Reauthorizes the trust fund in the
Identical to Senate provision. (§12602)
|
Agriculture Wool Apparel Manufacturers Trust Fund. Establishes a trust fund in the Treasury of the United States for the purpose of reducing the injury to domestic 12603)
Manufacturers Trust Fund.
Manufacturers Trust Fund. (§11302)
Treasury of the United States and
Establishes a trust fund in the Treasury
directs the Secretary shall transfer up to
of the United States for the purpose of
$30 mil ion in CCC funds for each of
reducing the injury to domestic
the calendar years through 2023 to the
manufacturers resulting from tariffs on wool fabric that are higher than tariffs on certain apparel articles made of wool fabric. Annual payments based on one of
CRS-348
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
on certain apparel articles made of wool
Agriculture Wool Trust to remain
fabric. Annual payments based on one of
available until expended. (§12604)
four funding mechanisms are to be made to eligible domestic manufacturers of wool fabric and processors of wool material. The Secretary shall transfer up to $30 millionmil ion in CCC funds for each of the calendar years 2014-2019 to the Agriculture Wool Trust. The funds remain available until expended. (7 U.S.C. 7101 note)
Wool Research, Development, and Repeals Wool Research and Promotion
Wool research and promotion.
Identical to Senate provision. (§12604)
Promotion Trust Fund. Establishes a
Grants Funding. (§11303)
Reauthorizes grants funding for the
trust fund for the purpose of assisting
purpose of assisting U.S. wool
U.S. wool producers to improve the
producers to improve the
competitiveness of the American wool
competitiveness of the American wool
market. The trust fund sunsets effective
market providing $2.25 mil ion of CCC
January 1, 2015. Section 12316 of the
funds for each of the calendar years
2014 farm bil provided $2.25 mil ion of
2020 through 2023 to remain available
CCC funds for grants as defined in the
until expended. (§12605)
U.S.C. 7101 note)
|
Repeals the Wool Apparel Manufacturers Trust Fund. (§11302)
|
Reauthorizes the trust fund in the Treasury of the United States and directs the Secretary shall transfer up to $30 million in CCC funds for each of the calendar years through 2023 to the Agriculture Wool Trust to remain available until expended. (§12604)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12603)
|
Wool Research, Development, and Promotion Trust Fund. Establishes a trust fund for the purpose of assisting U.S. wool producers to improve the competitiveness of the American wool market. The trust fund sunsets effective January 1, 2015. Section 12316 of the 2014 farm bill provided $2.25 million of CCC funds for grants as defined in the trust fund for each of the calendar years 2015-2019. The funds remain available until expended. (7 U.S.C. 7101 note)
Specialty Crop Research Initiative.
No comparable provision.
Emergency Citrus Disease
Similar to the Senate provision with
A specialty crop research and extension
Research and Development Trust
changes simplifying the program. Also
initiative established within USDA
Fund. Establishes a trust fund in the
establishes the Emergency Citrus
addresses the critical needs of the
Treasury of the United States to
Disease Research and Development
specialty crop industry. It provides
address domestic or invasive citrus
Trust Fund to support the Emergency
mandatory CCC funds of $80 mil ion
diseases and pests, including
Citrus Disease Research Extension
for FY2014 and each fiscal year
huanglongbing and the Asian Citrus
Program (Agricultural Research,
thereafter and authorizes appropriations
Psyl id. USDA may make payments to
Extension and Education Reform Act of
of $100 mil ion annually for FY2014-
entities engaged in scientific research on 1998, Section 412(j), see Section 7305
FY2018. At least $25 mil ion is reserved
diseases and pests, and the
in Table 11). (§12605)
for the emergency citrus disease
dissemination and commercialization of
research and extension program. An
relevant information, techniques, or
additional $25 mil ion is authorized to
until expended. (7 U.S.C. 7101 note)
|
Repeals Wool Research and Promotion Grants Funding. (§11303)
|
Wool research and promotion. Reauthorizes grants funding for the purpose of assisting U.S. wool producers to improve the competitiveness of the American wool market providing $2.25 million of CCC funds for each of the calendar years 2020 through 2023 to remain available until expended. (§12605)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12604)
|
Specialty Crop Research Initiative. A specialty crop research and extension initiative established within USDA addresses the critical needs of the specialty crop industry. It provides mandatory CCC funds of $80 million for FY2014 and each fiscal year thereafter and authorizes appropriations of $100 million annually for FY2014-FY2018. At least $25 million is reserved for the emergency citrus disease research and extension program. An additional $25 million is authorized to be appropriated annually for FY2014-FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 7632 et seq.)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Emergency Citrus Disease Research and Development Trust Fund. Establishes a trust fund in the Treasury of the United States to address domestic or invasive citrus diseases and pests, including huanglongbing and the Asian Citrus Psyllid. USDA may make payments to entities engaged in scientific research on diseases and pests, and the dissemination and commercialization of relevant information, techniques, or technology to solve citrus production disease or pest problems. Authorizes
CRS-349
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
be appropriated annually for FY2014-
mandatory CCC funding of $25 mil ion
FY2018. (7 U.S.C. 7632 et seq.)
annually (FY2019-FY2023), to remain available until expended. (§12606)
United States-Korea Free Trade
No comparable provision.
Merchandise processing fees.
Identical to Senate provision. (§12606)
Agreement Implementation Act
Amends the ending date in Section 503
(KORUS; P.L. 112-41). Section 503 of
of the Act from February 24, 2027 to
the act includes the rate and ending
May 26, 2027. (§12607)
disease or pest problems. Authorizes mandatory CCC funding of $25 million annually (FY2019-FY2023), to remain available until expended. (§12606)
|
Similar to the Senate provision with changes simplifying the program. Also establishes the Emergency Citrus Disease Research and Development Trust Fund to support the Emergency Citrus Disease Research Extension Program (Agricultural Research, Extension and Education Reform Act of 1998, Section 412(j), see Section 7305 in Table 11). (§12605)
|
United States-Korea Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (KORUS; P.L. 112-41). Section 503 of the act includes the rate and ending date for merchandise processing fees in the KORUS agreement. (19 U.S.C. 3805 note)
Outreach and assistance for
No comparable provision.
Farmland ownership data
Similar to Senate provision, amends it
socially disadvantaged farmers and
collection. Amends to require the
by merging Senate bil Section 2506 and
ranchers and veteran farmers and
Secretary to report, at least once every
House bil Section 7604 provisions.
ranchers. Requires the Secretary to
5 years, data and analysis on farmland
Also, amends the reporting timeline to
carry out an outreach and technical
ownership, tenure, transition, and entry
at least once every three years.
assistance program to encourage and
of beginning farmers and ranchers and
Authorizes $3 mil ion in annual
assist socially disadvantaged farmers and
socially disadvantaged farmers and
appropriations to carry out this section
ranchers and veteran farmers or
ranchers. The Secretary wil col ect and
for FY2019-FY2023, with funds to
ranchers in (A) owning and operating
distribute comprehensive reporting of
remain available until expended.
farms and ranches; and (B) in
trends in farm ownership, tenure,
(§12607)
participating equitably in the ful range
barriers to entry, profitability, and
of agricultural programs offered by the
viability of beginning and socially
Department. (7 U.S.C. 2279)
3805 note)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Merchandise processing fees. Amends the ending date in Section 503 of the Act from February 24, 2027 to May 26, 2027. (§12607)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12606)
|
Outreach and assistance for socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers and veteran farmers and ranchers. Requires the Secretary to carry out an outreach and technical assistance program to encourage and assist socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers and veteran farmers or ranchers in (A) owning and operating farms and ranches; and (B) in participating equitably in the full range of agricultural programs offered by the Department. (7 U.S.C. 2279)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Farmland ownership data collection. Amends to require the Secretary to report, at least once every 5 years, data and analysis on farmland ownership, tenure, transition, and entry of beginning farmers and ranchers and socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers. The Secretary will collect and distribute comprehensive reporting of trends in farm ownership, tenure, barriers to entry, profitability, and viability of beginning and socially disadvantages farmers and ranchers; develop surveys and report statistical and economic analysis on these variables; and require the National Agricultural Statistics Service to include tenure, ownership, and transition of agricultural land survey questions in a followfol ow-up survey to the Census of Agriculture. The survey will wil include questions on the extent to which nonfarming landowners are purchasing and holding onto farmland for the sole purpose of real estate investment, the impact of these farmland ownership trends on the successful entry and
CRS-350
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
viability of beginning and socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers, and the impact of land tenure patters by race, gender, and ethnicity. (§12625)
Rural Emergency Medical Training
No comparable provision.
Reauthorizes and amends the program
Similar to Senate provision, except
and Equipment Assistance
to add a new section, ‘Supporting and
reduces the recipient match
Program. Authorizes grants to eligible
Improving Rural EMS Needs Act of
requirement from 25% to 10% of the
entities to provide for improved
2018.” Eligible grant recipients are
amount received under the grant.
emergency medical services in rural
emergency medical services agencies
(§12608)
areas under Section 330J of the Public
operated by a local or tribal
Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 201 et
government, including fire-based and
seq.) An entity shall use amounts
nonfire based. Funds may be used to
received under a grant made under
train emergency medical service
subsection (a), either directly or
personnel to obtain and maintain
through grants to emergency medical
licenses and certifications, conduct
service squads that are located in, or
courses that qualify graduates to serve
that serve residents of, a
in an emergency medical services
nonmetropolitan statistical area, an area
agency, fund specific training to meet
race, gender, and ethnicity. (§12625)
|
Similar to Senate provision, amends it by merging Senate bill Section 2506 and House bill Section 7604 provisions. Also, amends the reporting timeline to at least once every three years. Authorizes $3 million in annual appropriations to carry out this section for FY2019-FY2023, with funds to remain available until expended. (§12607)
|
Rural Emergency Medical Training and Equipment Assistance Program. Authorizes grants to eligible entities to provide for improved emergency medical services in rural areas under Section 330J of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 201 et seq.) An entity shall use amounts received under a grant made under subsection (a), either directly or through grants to emergency medical service squads that are located in, or that serve residents of, a nonmetropolitan statistical area, an area designated as a rural area by any law or designated as a rural area by any law or
federal and state licensing or
regulation of a State, or a rural census
certification requirements, to acquire
tract of a metropolitan statistical area
emergency medical services equipment,
(as determined under the most recent
recruit and retain emergency medical
Goldsmith Modification, originally
services personnel. Grants cannot
published in a notice of availability of
exceed $200,000, and require a 25%
funds in the Federal Register on February
match from the recipient. Eligible rural
27, 1992, 57 Fed. Reg. 6725). Authorizes
areas are defined. Funding of such sums
such sums as necessary for FY2002-
as necessary is authorized to be
FY2006. (42 U.S.C. 254c-15)
appropriated annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§12628)
No comparable provision.
Commission on Farm Transition—
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision but amends
Needs for 2050. Establishes a
it to clarify applicable exemptions to the
commission to conduct a study on
Federal Advisory Committee Act (5
issues affecting the transition of
U.S.C. App.) and to add a termination
agricultural operations from established
date for the commission of September
farmers and ranchers to the next
30, 2023. (§12609)
generation of farmers and ranchers. Outlines the composition and operation
CRS-351
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
regulation of a State, or a rural census tract of a metropolitan statistical area (as determined under the most recent Goldsmith Modification, originally published in a notice of availability of funds in the Federal Register on February 27, 1992, 57 Fed. Reg. 6725). Authorizes such sums as necessary for FY2002-FY2006. (42 U.S.C. 254c-15)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Reauthorizes and amends the program to add a new section, 'Supporting and Improving Rural EMS Needs Act of 2018." Eligible grant recipients are emergency medical services agencies operated by a local or tribal government, including fire-based and nonfire based. Funds may be used to train emergency medical service personnel to obtain and maintain licenses and certifications, conduct courses that qualify graduates to serve in an emergency medical services agency, fund specific training to meet federal and state licensing or certification requirements, to acquire emergency medical services equipment, recruit and retain emergency medical services personnel. Grants cannot exceed $200,000, and require a 25% match from the recipient. Eligible rural areas are defined. Funding of such sums as necessary is authorized to be appropriated annually for FY2019-FY2023. (§12628)
|
Similar to Senate provision, except reduces the recipient match requirement from 25% to 10% of the amount received under the grant. (§12608)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Commission on Farm Transition—Needs for 2050. Establishes a commission to conduct a study on issues affecting the transition of agricultural operations from established farmers and ranchers to the next generation of farmers and ranchers. Outlines the composition and operation of the commission. Not later than one year from enactment, the commission is required to submit to the House Committee on Agriculture and the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry a report on the study results and recommendations the commission considers appropriate. (§11205)
United States Grain Standards Act
Restores exceptions created in the
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision except
(USGSA). Establishes official marketing 2003 regulation (7 C.F.R. 800.117)
restores the nonuse of service
standards for grains and oilseeds and
that were revoked on or after
exception in the 2003 regulation and
sets procedures for grain inspection and September 30, 2015, upon the
allows a grain handling facility that lost a
weighing services. Authorizes user fees
reauthorization of the USGSA (Title III
nonuse of service exception after
for services. (7 U.S.C. 71 et seq.)
of P.L. 114-54). Grain handling facilities
October 15, 2015, to notify the Federal
Exceptions to Geographic Areas
must request the restoration of
Grain Inspection Service to restore the
for Official Agencies Under the
exceptions within 180 days of
exception. (§12610)
USGSA. Revises USGSA regulations to enactment. (§11401) commission considers appropriate. (§11205)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision but amends it to clarify applicable exemptions to the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) and to add a termination date for the commission of September 30, 2023. (§12609)
|
United States Grain Standards Act (USGSA). Establishes official marketing standards for grains and oilseeds and sets procedures for grain inspection and weighing services. Authorizes user fees for services. (7 U.S.C. 71 et seq.)
Exceptions to Geographic Areas for Official Agencies Under the USGSA. Revises USGSA regulations to establish criteria to allow more than one designated official agency to inspect or weigh grain within a single geographic area. Criteria to consider for exceptions are (1) timely service, (2) nonuse of service, and (3) barge probe service. The rule enhances the orderly marketing of grain by providing segments of the grain industry with more cost-effective and responsive official grain inspection and weighing services without undermining the integrity of the official system. (68 Federal Register 19137 (April 18, 2003))
USDA conference transparency.
Amends the subsection by raising the
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision except
Requires USDA to provide annual
exclusion to $75,000. (§11603)
amends the exclusion to $50,000.
reports to the House Committee on
(§12611)
CRS-352
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
2003))
|
Restores exceptions created in the 2003 regulation (7 C.F.R. 800.117) that were revoked on or after September 30, 2015, upon the reauthorization of the USGSA (Title III of P.L. 114-54). Grain handling facilities must request the restoration of exceptions within 180 days of enactment. (§11401)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision except restores the nonuse of service exception in the 2003 regulation and allows a grain handling facility that lost a nonuse of service exception after October 15, 2015, to notify the Federal Grain Inspection Service to restore the exception. (§12610)
|
USDA conference transparency. Requires USDA to provide annual reports to the House Committee on Agriculture and the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry on conferences sponsored or held by USDA or attended by USDA employees. Conferences that cost the federal government less than $10,000 are excluded from reporting requirements. (7 U.S.C. 2255b(a)(3)(A))
No comparable provision.
National Agriculture Imagery
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§12612)
2255b(a)(3)(A))
|
Amends the subsection by raising the exclusion to $75,000. (§11603)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision except amends the exclusion to $50,000. (§12611)
|
No comparable provision.
|
National Agriculture Imagery Program. Requires USDA, through the Farm Service Agency, to carry out a national agriculture imagery program to annually acquire aerial imagery during the agricultural growing season.
Requires the data to (1) include high resolution processed digital imagery; (2) be available in a format that can be provided to federal, state, and private sector entities; (3) be technologically compatible with geospatial information technology; and (4) be consistent with the standards of the Federal Geographic Data Committee. Authorizes an appropriation of $23 millionmil ion for FY2019 and each fiscal year thereafter. (§11604)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Commodity Promotion, Research,
Report on inclusion of natural
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§12612)
|
Commodity Promotion, Research, and Information Act of 1996. Authorizes the establishment of commodity promotion and research programs (i.e., checkoff programs). (7 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.)
|
Report on inclusion of natural stone products in Commodity Promotion, Research, and Information Act of 1996. Requires that not later than 180 days after 12613)
and Information Act of 1996.
stone products in Commodity
Authorizes the establishment of
Promotion, Research, and
commodity promotion and research
Information Act of 1996. Requires
programs (i.e., checkoff programs). (7
that not later than 180 days after
U.S.C. 7401 et seq.)
enactment, USDA is required to submit a report to the House Committee on Agriculture that examines the effects of establishing a promotion and research
CRS-353
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
program for natural stone. The report is to cover the effects a program would have on (1) research and promotion of natural stone, (2) development and expansion of domestic markets, (3) economic activity of the natural stone industry subject to a promotion board, (4) economic development in rural areas, and (5) benefits to U.S. consumers of natural stone. (§11605)
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No comparable provision.
|
Department of Agriculture
Amends the 1994 Act to require USDA
No comparable provision.
Identical to House provision. (§12613)
|
Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. Authorizes the Secretary to streamline, reorganize, and manage USDA programs and activities. (7 U.S.C. 6911 et seq.)
|
Amends the 1994 Act to require USDA to establish a Food Access Liaison within the Office of the Secretary. The Liaison is to coordinate USDA programs to reduce barriers to food 12614)
Reorganization Act of 1994.
to establish a Food Access Liaison
Authorizes the Secretary to streamline,
within the Office of the Secretary. The
reorganize, and manage USDA
Liaison is to coordinate USDA
programs and activities. (7 U.S.C.
programs to reduce barriers to food
6911 et seq.)
access, and provide information and outreach. The Liaison is to submit an annual report to Congress on USDA efforts to reduce barriers to food access. (§11608)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Eligibility for operators on heirs’
Identical to Senate provision. (§12615)
access. (§11608)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Identical to House provision. (§12614)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Eligibility for operators on heirs' property land to obtain a farm number. In the case of a farm operator that has inherited farmland and seeks assignment of a farm number for purposes of farm identification and assignment of farm program payments, the operator must provide eligible documentation including: (1) in states that have adopted the Uniform Partition of Heirs Property Act, a court order verifying the land meets the definition of heirs property or certification from the local recorder of deeds that the recorded landowner is deceased and not less than one heir has initiated a procedure to retitle the land; (2) a
CRS-354
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
tenancy-in-common agreement that sets out ownership rights and responsibilities among all of the land owners; (3) tax returns for the preceding five years; (4) self-certification that the farm operator has control of the land; and (5) any other documentation identified by the Secretary as an alternative form of eligible documentation. (§12623)
Animal Welfare Act. The Act
Extending prohibition on animal
No comparable provision.
Similar to House provision but adds an
regulates the transportation, purchase,
fighting to the territories. Amends
“effective date” of one year after
sale, housing, care, handling, and
Section 26 of the Animal Welfare Act (7
enactment. (§12616)
treatment of animals by carriers,
U.S.C. 2156) by removing the
persons, or organizations using them for exemption for states where animal research, experimental purposes,
eligible documentation. (§12623)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12615)
|
Animal Welfare Act. The Act regulates the transportation, purchase, sale, housing, care, handling, and treatment of animals by carriers, persons, or organizations using them for research, experimental purposes, exhibition purposes, holding them for sale as pets or for any such purpose or use. (7 U.S.C. 2131 et seq.)
|
Extending prohibition on animal fighting to the territories. Amends Section 26 of the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2156) by removing the exemption for states where animal fighting would not be a violation of the fighting would not be a violation of the
exhibition purposes, holding them for
law. Makes it unlawful to sell, buy, or transport in interstate or foreign
sale as pets or for any such purpose or
transport in interstate or foreign
use. (7 U.S.C. 2131 et seq.)
commerce any knife or sharp object to be used on the leg of a bird as a weapon in animal fighting. (§11616)
Prohibited Acts. Under the authority
No comparable provision.
Expedited exportation of certain
Exemption of exportation of
of the Endangered Species Act (ESA; 16
species. Within 180 days of enactment, certain echinoderms from
U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) all individuals are
requires the Director of the U.S. Fish
permission and licensing
required to obtain permission from the
and Wildlife Service to issue a proposed requirements. Similar to Senate
Secretary of the Interior prior to
rule to amend 50 C.F.R. 14.92 to
provision but reduces to within 90 days
engaging in the import or export of fish,
establish expedited procedures relating
of enactment, the requirement that the
wildlife, or raw or worked African
to the export of sea urchin and sea
director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
elephant ivory. Exemptions for this
cucumber species. To be eligible for an
Service amend 50 C.F.R. 14.92 to clarify
requirement are provided for individuals
exemption, the sea urchin and sea
that Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis,
engaging in the import or export of
cucumber species intended for export
commonly known as the green sea
shellfish and fishery products for species
must not require permits under 50
urchin, is exempt from the export
not listed as threatened or endangered
C.F.R. Parts 16, 17, or 23; must have
permission requirements of the ESA (16
under the ESA. The section is enforced
been harvested from waters under U.S.
U.S.C. 1538(d)(1)) and an export license
by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
jurisdiction; and must be exported for
under 50 C.F.R. Part 14. To be covered
implemented through title 50 C.F.R.
the purpose of animal or human
by the exemption, green sea urchins and
Part 14, which requires all individuals,
consumption. As part of the proposed
any products of that species intended
who are not exempted, to obtain an
rulemaking, the Director may provide
for export must not require a permit
CRS-355
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
import/export license prior to engaging
an exemption from the requirements to
under 50 C.F.R. Parts 16, 17, or 23;
in business. (16 U.S.C. 1538(d)(1))
obtain permission under 16 U.S.C.
must have been harvested from waters
1538(d)(1), or an export license under
under state jurisdiction or imported for
50 C.F.R. Part 14. Prior to providing
processing in the United States pursuant
such an exemption, the Director must
to an import license; and must be
find that an exemption wil not have a
exported for the purpose of animal or
negative impact on the conservation of
human consumption. Unless the person
the species. Additionally, an entity is not has qualified for and obtained an export eligible to receive an exemption if they
license, any person convicted of
have been convicted of violating a
violating a federal law related to the
federal law related to the import,
import, transport, or export of wildlife
transport, or export of wildlife within
during the five-year period beginning on
not less than five years prior to the date the date of the most recent conviction on which the entity applies for the
in animal fighting. (§11616)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Similar to House provision but adds an "effective date" of one year after enactment. (§12616)
|
Prohibited Acts. Under the authority of the Endangered Species Act (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) all individuals are required to obtain permission from the Secretary of the Interior prior to engaging in the import or export of fish, wildlife, or raw or worked African elephant ivory. Exemptions for this requirement are provided for individuals engaging in the import or export of shellfish and fishery products for species not listed as threatened or endangered under the ESA. The section is enforced by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and implemented through title 50 C.F.R. Part 14, which requires all individuals, who are not exempted, to obtain an import/export license prior to engaging in business. (16 U.S.C. 1538(d)(1))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Expedited exportation of certain species. Within 180 days of enactment, requires the Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to issue a proposed rule to amend 50 C.F.R. 14.92 to establish expedited procedures relating to the export of sea urchin and sea cucumber species. To be eligible for an exemption, the sea urchin and sea cucumber species intended for export must not require permits under 50 C.F.R. Parts 16, 17, or 23; must have been harvested from waters under U.S. jurisdiction; and must be exported for the purpose of animal or human consumption. As part of the proposed rulemaking, the Director may provide an exemption from the requirements to obtain permission under 16 U.S.C. 1538(d)(1), or an export license under 50 C.F.R. Part 14. Prior to providing such an exemption, the Director must find that an exemption will not have a negative impact on the conservation of the species. Additionally, an entity is not eligible to receive an exemption if they have been convicted of violating a federal law related to the import, transport, or export of wildlife within not less than five years prior to the date on which the entity applies for the exemption. (§12601)
|
Exemption of exportation of certain echinoderms from permission and licensing requirements. Similar to Senate provision but reduces to within 90 days of enactment, the requirement that the director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service amend 50 C.F.R. 14.92 to clarify that Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, commonly known as the green sea urchin, is exempt from the export permission requirements of the ESA (16 U.S.C. 1538(d)(1)) and an export license under 50 C.F.R. Part 14. To be covered by the exemption, green sea urchins and any products of that species intended for export must not require a permit under 50 C.F.R. Parts 16, 17, or 23; must have been harvested from waters under state jurisdiction or imported for processing in the United States pursuant to an import license; and must be exported for the purpose of animal or human consumption. Unless the person has qualified for and obtained an export license, any person convicted of violating a federal law related to the import, transport, or export of wildlife during the five-year period beginning on the date of the most recent conviction shall not be permitted to engage in shall not be permitted to engage in
exemption. (§12601)
business as an exporter of green sea urchins. State agencies that regulate green sea urchin fisheries are required to annually transmit fishery data to the applicable marine fisheries commission. The exemption shall not apply if the state fails to transmit these data or if the applicable marine fisheries commission determines that these data fail to prove that the state agency is engaged in conservation and management of the species. (§12617)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
|
Data on conservation practices.
Adds a new provision requiring the
Adds a new provision requiring USDA
Secretary to identify available USDA
to col ect and analyze select
data sets on the use and effectiveness of
conservation practices and their effect
conservation practices, including their
on crop yields, soil health, risk, and
effect on crop yields, soil health, risk,
profitability. Establishes privacy and
and profitability. Requires a report to
confidentiality requirements and creates
Congress, within one year of
a data warehouse accessible by
enactment, that identifies the
academic institutions or researchers.
aforementioned data sets and the
Requires technical assistance and the
requirements for university researchers
development of internet-based tools to
to access the data. (§12618)
CRS-356
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
assist producers in improving sustainable production practices. Authorizes USDA to utilize existing authorities and funds. (§12504)
Controlled Substances Act (CSA).
No comparable provision.
Conforming changes to Controlled
Identical to Senate provision. (§12619)
Schedule I of the CSA (21 U.S.C.
Substances Act (CSA). Amends
Other provisions regarding industrial
Section 801 et seq.) includes all cannabis
Section 102 of the CSA (21 U.S.C.
hemp are contained in the bil ’s
varieties under the term “marihuana”
802(16)) to exclude “industrial hemp”
Horticulture title (§10113 and
that is defined to mean “all parts of the
from the statutory definition of
10114), Research title (§7501, §7605,
plant Cannabis sativa,” covering both
marijuana. Industrial hemp is defined as
and §7129), and Crop Insurance title.
marijuana and industrial hemp. (21
containing a delta-9
(§11101, §11106, §11113, §11119,
U.S.C. §802(16))
tetrahydrocannabinol (marijuana’s
and §11121)
primary psychoactive chemical) concentration of not more than 0.3% on a dry weight basis content. (§12608)
Provisions Moved to Other Titles
Agriculture Act of 2014. Establishes
No comparable provision.
Administrative units. (§12611)
Adds a new provision requiring USDA to collect and analyze select conservation practices and their effect on crop yields, soil health, risk, and profitability. Establishes privacy and confidentiality requirements and creates a data warehouse accessible by academic institutions or researchers. Requires technical assistance and the development of internet-based tools to assist producers in improving sustainable production practices. Authorizes USDA to utilize existing authorities and funds. (§12504)
|
Adds a new provision requiring the Secretary to identify available USDA data sets on the use and effectiveness of conservation practices, including their effect on crop yields, soil health, risk, and profitability. Requires a report to Congress, within one year of enactment, that identifies the aforementioned data sets and the requirements for university researchers to access the data. (§12618)
|
Controlled Substances Act (CSA). Schedule I of the CSA (21 U.S.C. Section 801 et seq.) includes all cannabis varieties under the term "marihuana" that is defined to mean "all parts of the plant Cannabis sativa," covering both marijuana and industrial hemp. (21 U.S.C. §802(16))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Conforming changes to Controlled Substances Act (CSA). Amends Section 102 of the CSA (21 U.S.C. 802(16)) to exclude "industrial hemp" from the statutory definition of marijuana. Industrial hemp is defined as containing a delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (marijuana's primary psychoactive chemical) concentration of not more than 0.3% on a dry weight basis content. (§12608)
|
Identical to Senate provision. (§12619)
Other provisions regarding industrial hemp are contained in the bill's Horticulture title (§10113 and 10114), Research title (§7501, §7605, and §7129), and Crop Insurance title. (§11101, §11106, §11113, §11119, and §11121)
|
Provisions Moved to Other Titles
|
Agriculture Act of 2014. Establishes Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC) program. See Table 5.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Administrative units. (§12611)
|
See §1107(6) in Table 5.
|
Emergency Assistance for Livestock, Honey Bees, and Farm-Raised Fish (ELAP). See §1107(6) in Table 5.
Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC) program. See Table 5.
Emergency Assistance for
No comparable provision.
See Table 5.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends ELAP. (§12610)
|
Amends ELAP. (§12610)
See §1501 in Table 5.
Livestock, Honey Bees, and Farm-Raised Fish (ELAP). See §1501 in Table 5.
|
Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (NAP). See Table 5.
|
See Table 5.
Noninsured Crop Disaster
See (§11501) (§11502) and (§11503)
|
See (§1601) and (§1602)
|
(§1602)
See §1601 in Table 5.
|
Emergency Conservation Program. See Table 6.
|
See House bill
Assistance Program (NAP). See Table 5.
Emergency Conservation
See House bil . (§2406)
. (§2406)
|
Similar to House provision. (§12614)
|
See §2403 in Table 6.
Program. See Table 6.
Bill Emerson Good Samaritan
No comparable provision.
See §2403 in Table 6.
|
Bill Emerson Good Samaritan Food Donation Act See Table 8.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Food donation standards. (§12615)
|
Food donation standards. (§12615)
See §4104 in Table 8.
Food Donation Act See Table 8.
Healthy Food Financing Initiative.
No comparable provision.
Amends the Initiative. (§12409)
See §4104 in Table 8.
|
Healthy Food Financing Initiative. See Table 8.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Amends the Initiative. (§12409)
|
See §4204 in Table 8.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Micro-Grants for Food Security. (§12616)
|
See §4204 in Table 8.
See Table 8.
CRS-357
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Micro-Grants for Food Security.
See §4206 in Table 8.
(§12616)
Buy American requirements for
No comparable provision.
See §4206 in Table 8.
|
Buy American requirements for National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program. See Table 8.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Buy American. (§12622)
|
Buy American. (§12622)
See §4207 in Table 8.
National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program. See Table 8.
No comparable provision for farm
No comparable provision.
Loans to purchasers of land with
See §5104 in Table 9.
loans. See Table 9.
See §4207 in Table 8.
|
No comparable provision for farm loans. See Table 9.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Loans to purchasers of land with undivided interest and no administrative authority relending program. (§12624)
|
See §5104 in Table 9.
|
Individual Development Accounts. See Table 9.
|
Reauthorizes appropriations. (§5301)
|
Reauthorizes appropriations. (§12624(a))
|
See §5301 in Table 9.
|
Microloans. See Table 9.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Use of additional Commodity (§12624)
Individual Development Accounts.
Reauthorizes appropriations. (§5301)
Reauthorizes appropriations.
See §5301 in Table 9.
See Table 9.
(§12624(a))
Microloans. See Table 9.
No comparable provision.
Use of additional Commodity
See §5304 in Table 9.
Credit Corporation funds for direct operating microloans under certain conditions. (§12617)
Native American Housing
No comparable provision.
Establishment of technical
See §6302 of Table 10.
Assistance and Self-Determination
services. (§12514)
Act of 1996. See Table 10.
ConAct. See Table 10.
No comparable provision.
Rural Innovation Stronger
See §6424 in Table 10.
Economy Grant Program. (§12619)
Rural Business Investment
No comparable provision.
Rural Business Investment
See §6426 in Table 10.
Program. See Table 10.
Program. (§12626)
High-priority research and
No comparable provision.
Dryland farming agricultural
See §7209 in Table 11.
extension initiatives. See Table 11.
systems. (§12620)
Agriculture Conservation
No comparable provision.
Experienced Services Program.
See §7611 in Table 11.
Experienced Service Program
(§12305)
(ACES). See Table 11.
Forest and Rangeland Renewable
No comparable provision.
Remote sensing technologies.
See §8632 in Table 12.
Resources Research Act of 1978.
(§12621)
See Table 12.
CRS-358
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Provisions Not Enacted
Establishes the Office of Tribal
Amends the section to require the
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Relations in the Office of the Secretary Secretary of Agriculture to (1) establish to advise the Secretary on policies
an Office of Tribal Relations within the
related to Indian tribes. (7 U.S.C.
certain conditions. (§12617)
|
See §5304 in Table 9.
|
Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996. See Table 10.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Establishment of technical services. (§12514)
|
See §6302 of Table 10.
|
ConAct. See Table 10.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Rural Innovation Stronger Economy Grant Program. (§12619)
|
See §6424 in Table 10.
|
Rural Business Investment Program. See Table 10.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Rural Business Investment Program. (§12626)
|
See §6426 in Table 10.
|
High-priority research and extension initiatives. See Table 11.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Dryland farming agricultural systems. (§12620)
|
See §7209 in Table 11.
|
Agriculture Conservation Experienced Service Program (ACES). See Table 11.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Experienced Services Program. (§12305)
|
See §7611 in Table 11.
|
Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Research Act of 1978. See Table 12.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Remote sensing technologies. (§12621)
|
See §8632 in Table 12.
|
Provisions Not Enacted
|
Establishes the Office of Tribal Relations in the Office of the Secretary to advise the Secretary on policies related to Indian tribes. (7 U.S.C. 6921)
|
Amends the section to require the Secretary of Agriculture to (1) establish an Office of Tribal Relations within the Office of Partnerships and Public Office of Partnerships and Public
6921)
Engagement to advise the Secretary on policies related to Indian tribes and (2) establish the "“New Beginnings Initiative," under which the Secretary shall provide funds to a land-grant collegecol ege or university in the amount
equal to the amount such land-grant collegecol ege or university expends for providing educational programs and services for, or tuition paid with respect to, Indians at a land-grant collegecol ege or university. (§11204)
No comparable provision.
Establishes the Textile Trust Fund
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
university. (§11204)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Establishes the Textile Trust Fund for the purpose of reducing injury for domestic manufacturers resulting from tariffs on pima fabric and wool products that are higher than tariffs on certain apparel items made of pima cotton fabric and wool. The Secretary may make payments to nationally recognized associations who promote pima cotton use, yarn spinners who produce ring spun cotton yarns in the United States and certify through affidavit that they used pima cotton during the year in which the affidavit is filed and the previous calendar year, and manufacturers that cut and sew cotton shirts in the United States and that certify through affidavit that they used
CRS-359
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
imported cotton fabric during the previous calendar year.
In addition, the Textile Trust Fund is established for the purpose of reducing economic injury to domestic manufacturers resulting from tariffs on wool fabric that are higher than tariffs on certain apparel articles made of wool fabric. Payments to eligible wool manufacturers and processors must be certified through affidavit.
For each of the calendar years 2019-2023, the Secretary shall transfer $8 millionmil ion of CCC funds to the Textile Trust Fund for eligible manufacturers of pima cotton, $15 millionmil ion to eligible wool manufacturers, and $2.25 millionmil ion in grants for wool research and promotion. Funds are to remain available until expended. (§11304)
Agricultural Act of 1961 and ConAct. (7 In the definitions, inserts or other official
No comparable provision
No comparable provision.
U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(D))
available until expended. (§11304)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Agricultural Act of 1961 and ConAct. (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(D))
|
In the definitions, inserts or other official designated by the Secretary of Agriculture after Under Secretary for Rural Development where it appears and inserts or designated official after Under Secretary where it appears. (§11601(b))
|
No comparable provision
|
No comparable provision.
|
Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946. (7 U.S.C. 1627b(f)(3)(B)(i))
|
Inserts or other official designated by the
Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946. (7
Inserts or other official designated by the
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
U.S.C. 1627b(f)(3)(B)(i))
Secretary after Under Secretary of Agriculture for Rural Development in the National Sheep Industry Improvement Center. (§11601(b))
Native American Business
Inserts or other official designated by the
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Development, Trade Promotion, and
Secretary of Agriculture after Under
Tourism Act of 2000. (25 U.S.C.
Secretary of Agriculture for Rural
4305(a)(2)(A))
CRS-360
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
Center. (§11601(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Native American Business Development, Trade Promotion, and Tourism Act of 2000. (25 U.S.C. 4305(a)(2)(A))
|
Inserts or other official designated by the Secretary of Agriculture after Under Secretary of Agriculture for Rural Development in the Intertribal Tourism Demonstration Projects. (§11601(b))
Rehabilitation Act of 1973. (29 U.S.C.
Inserts or other official designated by the
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
721(a)(11)(C))
Demonstration Projects. (§11601(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Rehabilitation Act of 1973. (29 U.S.C. 721(a)(11)(C))
|
Inserts or other official designated by the Secretary of Agriculture after Under Secretary for Rural Development of the Department of Agriculture in the State Plans for Vocational Rehabilitation Services. (§11601(b))
Cotton classification services.
Amends the cotton classification section No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Authorizes USDA to make cotton
Services. (§11601(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Cotton classification services. Authorizes USDA to make cotton classification and classification fee collection services available to cotton producers. (7 U.S.C. 473a)
|
Amends the cotton classification section by allowing employees who are hired to by allowing employees who are hired to
classification and classification fee
classify cotton to work up to 240 days in a service year and be rehired
col ection services available to cotton
in a service year and be rehired
producers. (7 U.S.C. 473a)
noncompetitively every year for the same position, or a successor position, if they meet performance standards. (§11609)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Report on agricultural innovation.
No comparable provision.
Report on agricultural innovation.
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Requires USDA, in consultation with EPA and FDA, to prepare and submit a report to the House Committee on Agriculture and the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry on plans for improving federal government policies and procedures with respect to gene editing and other precision plant breeding methods. (§11611)
Interagency cooperation. Under the
Consideration of the totality of
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
authority of the Endangered Species Act conservation measures. Requires the (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), directs all
responsible Secretary to consider off-
federal agencies to aid in the
setting effects of avoidance,
conservation of species listed as
minimization, and other species-
threatened or endangered under the.
protection or conservation measures
Requires federal agencies to consult
already in place or proposed to be
with the relevant Secretary responsible
implemented as part of a federal action
for implementing of the ESA on agency
when determining if an action is likely to
CRS-361
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
actions, including actions in which the
jeopardize a listed species or adversely
agency provides funding or permitting
impact critical habitat during the
to nonfederal partners, to ensure that
consultation process between a federal
the actions are not likely to jeopardize a agency and the responsible Secretary listed species or adversely modify
required pursuant to the ESA.
designated critical habitats. Outlines the
Conservation measures may include the
consultation process between federal
development, improvement, protection,
agencies and the respective Secretary.
or management of species habitat
Requires the consultation process,
whether or not it is designated as
when necessary, to be completed within critical habitat of such species. (§11611)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Interagency cooperation. Under the authority of the Endangered Species Act (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), directs all federal agencies to aid in the conservation of species listed as threatened or endangered under the. Requires federal agencies to consult with the relevant Secretary responsible for implementing of the ESA on agency actions, including actions in which the agency provides funding or permitting to nonfederal partners, to ensure that the actions are not likely to jeopardize a listed species or adversely modify designated critical habitats. Outlines the consultation process between federal agencies and the respective Secretary. Requires the consultation process, when necessary, to be completed within 90 days or a timeline that is otherwise 90 days or a timeline that is otherwise
(§11614)
agreed to pursuant to the requirements under the section. FollowingFol owing the conclusion of the consultation, requires the Secretary to promptly issue a biological opinion with the findings. The biological opinion may find that either the action is unlikely to jeopardize the species or adversely modify critical habitat or, in the event that jeopardy or adverse habitat modification is likely, the opinion may include reasonable and prudent alternatives for the agency action. Provides for an exemption process and identifies the process by which an exemption can be applied for and granted. (16 U.S.C. 1536(b)(3))
Control of depredating and
Depredation permits for black
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
otherwise injurious birds. Under the
vultures. Allows the Secretary of the
and granted. (16 U.S.C. 1536(b)(3))
|
Consideration of the totality of conservation measures. Requires the responsible Secretary to consider off-setting effects of avoidance, minimization, and other species-protection or conservation measures already in place or proposed to be implemented as part of a federal action when determining if an action is likely to jeopardize a listed species or adversely impact critical habitat during the consultation process between a federal agency and the responsible Secretary required pursuant to the ESA. Conservation measures may include the development, improvement, protection, or management of species habitat whether or not it is designated as critical habitat of such species. (§11614)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Control of depredating and otherwise injurious birds. Under the authority of the Migratory Bird Treaty authority of the Migratory Bird Treaty
Interior, in conjunction with the
(7 U.S.C. 703 et seq.), regulates how a
Director of the United States Fish and
person may take, possess, or transport
Wildlife Service, to authorize the
migratory birds for depredation control
issuance of depredation permits to
purposes. (50 C.F.R. Subpart D)
(7 U.S.C. 703 et seq.), regulates how a person may take, possess, or transport migratory birds for depredation control purposes. (50 C.F.R. Subpart D)
|
Depredation permits for black vultures. Allows the Secretary of the Interior, in conjunction with the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, to authorize the issuance of depredation permits to livestock farmers for black vultures, otherwise prohibited by Federal law, to prevent black vultures from taking livestock during the calving season. The
CRS-362
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
permits are allowed only in states or regions where producers are affected by black vultures. Producers are required to report takings to the proper enforcement agencies. (§11615)
Clean Water Rule: definition of
Repeals the final rule, and any regulation No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Waters of the United States. A final
or policy revised under the rule is to be
rule issued on June 29, 2015, by the
applied as if the rule had not been
Environmental Protection Agency and
issued. (§11617)
proper enforcement agencies. (§11615)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Clean Water Rule: definition of Waters of the United States. A final rule issued on June 29, 2015, by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Secretary of the Army. It defines the scope of the waters protected under the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.). (80 Federal Register 37054)
No comparable provision.
Prohibition against interference by
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
seq.). (80 Federal Register 37054)
|
Repeals the final rule, and any regulation or policy revised under the rule is to be applied as if the rule had not been issued. (§11617)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Prohibition against interference by state and local governments with production of agricultural products from other states. Prohibits any state or local government from setting standards or conditions on the production or manufacture of agricultural products from other states if the products are produced or manufactured according to federal law or the laws of the state or locality. (§11701)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
|
Federal cause of action to
Federal cause of action to
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
challenge state regulation of interstate commerce. Empowers producers, consumers, trade organizations, governments, and others affected by a state standard or condition for products sold in interstate commerce to bring action in the appropriate court to invalidate the state standard or condition and to seek damages for economic losses, subject to
CRS-363
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
a 10-year statute of limitations. Requires courts to issue a preliminary injunction on the state standard or condition unless the state provides convincing evidence it would prevail in the case or the injunction would cause irreparable harm. (§11702)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Information technology
No comparable provision.
modernization. The Comptrol er harm. (§11702)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Information technology modernization. The Comptroller General is to examine USDA efforts related to information technology for business centers and conservation, and efforts to modernize other information technology projects. An initial report including a detailed description, a justification, a cost-benefit analysis, and a description of concerns on each project is due to the House and Senate agriculture committees no later than 180 days after enactment. The ComptrollerComptrol er General is to provide the committees regular briefings and, no later than two years after enactment, the Comptrol erthe Comptroller General is to provide a comprehensive report that reviews awarded contracts and activities, a description of any problems or inadequacies, and recommendations. (§12508)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Restrictions on use of certain
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Restrictions on use of certain
No comparable provision.
poisons for predator control. Sodium cyanide is a public safety, national security, environment, and accidental contact risk when used to control predatory animals. The provision prohibits the use of sodium cyanide as a predator control device
CRS-364
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
unless used in accordance with the February 27, 2018 Wildlife Services Directive Number 2.415 of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, and the implementing guidelines. (§12511)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
the implementing guidelines. (§12511)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Study of marketplace fraud of
No comparable provision.
unique traditional foods. Requires the U.S. ComptrollerComptrol er General to conduct a study (within one year of enactment) of the market impact of traditional and tribally produced foods and products; the marketplace fraud of foods that mimic tribal foods; and an analysis of federal laws administered by USDA, intellectual property laws, and trademark laws that might protect against such fraud. (§12518)
National Flood Insurance
No comparable provision.
Reauthorizes financing for the program
No comparable provision.
Program. Offers primary flood
(42 U.S.C. 4016(a)) and extends the
insurance to properties with significant
termination date for entering new flood
flood risk, and aims to reduce flood risk
against such fraud. (§12518)
|
No comparable provision.
|
National Flood Insurance Program. Offers primary flood insurance to properties with significant flood risk, and aims to reduce flood risk through the adoption of floodplain management standards. (42 U.S.C. 4001 et seq.)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Reauthorizes financing for the program (42 U.S.C. 4016(a)) and extends the termination date for entering new flood insurance contracts (42 U.S.C. 4026) insurance contracts (42 U.S.C. 4026)
through the adoption of floodplain
until January 31, 2019. (§12609)
management standards. (42 U.S.C. 4001 et seq.)
No comparable provision.
No comparable provision.
Drought and water conservation
No comparable provision.
until January 31, 2019. (§12609)
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
No comparable provision.
|
Drought and water conservation agreements. Adds a section to the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) under the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) allowing dryland farming on CREP acres if the purpose of the CREP agreement is to address regional drought concerns. (§12612)
Pollinator habitat. USDA may
No comparable provision.
Encouragement of pollinator
No comparable provision.
encourage the development of habitat
habitat development and
for native and managed pol inators, and
protection. Adds new considerations
CRS-365
Enacted 2018 Farm Bill
Prior Law/Policy
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
Senate-Passed Bill (H.R. 2)
(P.L. 115-334)
use conservation practices to maximize
for pol inators under farm bil
the benefits for honey bees when
conservation programs, including
carrying out farm bil conservation
planning for biological control methods
programs. (16 U.S.C. 3844(h))
(§12612)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Pollinator habitat. USDA may encourage the development of habitat for native and managed pollinators, and use conservation practices to maximize the benefits for honey bees when carrying out farm bill conservation programs. (16 U.S.C. 3844(h))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Encouragement of pollinator habitat development and protection. Adds new considerations for pollinators under farm bill conservation programs, including planning for biological control methods of pest control and producer training related to biological control methods. (§12613)
ConAct. Authorizes the Secretary to
No comparable provision.
Business and innovation services
No comparable provision.
make and guarantee loans and grants to
essential community facilities.
support essential community facilities in
Amends to make business and
rural areas. (7 U.S.C. 1926(a))
related to biological control methods. (§12613)
|
No comparable provision.
|
ConAct. Authorizes the Secretary to make and guarantee loans and grants to support essential community facilities in rural areas. (7 U.S.C. 1926(a))
|
No comparable provision.
|
Business and innovation services essential community facilities. Amends to make business and innovation services, such as incubators, co-working spaces, makerspaces, and residential entrepreneur and innovation centers eligible for funding as essential community facilities. (§12618)
Farmer loan pilot projects.
No comparable provision.
Authorizes (in a new section) pilot
No comparable provision.
Authorizes pilot projects of limited
projects of limited scope and duration
scope and duration for Subtitles A-D
for Subtitles A, B, C, and D (real estate
(farm real estate loans, operating loans,
loans, operating loans, emergency loans,
emergency loans and administrative
and administrative provisions) of the
provisions) of the ConAct to evaluate
ConAct to evaluate processes and
processes and techniques that may
techniques that may improve efficiency
improve efficiency and effectiveness. (7
and effectiveness. (§12624(b))
U.S.C. 1983d)
CRS-366
The 2018 Farm Bill (P.L. 115-334): Summary and Side-by-Side Comparison
Author Information
Frank Gottron, Coordinator
Renée Johnson
Section Research Manager
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Randy Alison Aussenberg
Jim Monke
Specialist in Nutrition Assistance Policy
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Kara Clifford Billings
Megan Stubbs
Analyst in Social Policy
Specialist in Agricultural Conservation and Natural
Resources Policy
Kelsi Bracmort
Jerry H. Yen
Specialist in Natural Resources and Energy Policy
Analyst in Environmental Policy
Joel L. Greene
Analyst in Agricultural Policy
Acknowledgments
Former CRS staff members Sahar Angadjivand, Alyssa R. Casey, Tadlock Cowan, Katie Hoover, Anita Regmi, Isabel Rosa, Randy Schnepf, and Michaela D. Platzer contributed to this report.
Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other than public understanding of information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the United States Government, are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be reproduced and distributed in its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include copyrighted images or material from a third party, you may need to obtain the permission of the copyright holder if you wish to copy or otherwise use copyrighted material.
Congressional Research Service
R45525 · VERSION 13 · UPDATED
367 community facilities. (§12618)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Farmer loan pilot projects. Authorizes pilot projects of limited scope and duration for Subtitles A-D (farm real estate loans, operating loans, emergency loans and administrative provisions) of the ConAct to evaluate processes and techniques that may improve efficiency and effectiveness. (7 U.S.C. 1983d)
|
No comparable provision.
|
Authorizes (in a new section) pilot projects of limited scope and duration for Subtitles A, B, C, and D (real estate loans, operating loans, emergency loans, and administrative provisions) of the ConAct to evaluate processes and techniques that may improve efficiency and effectiveness. (§12624(b))
|
No comparable provision.
|