Contents

• FY2019 Consideration: Overview of Actions
• Status of FY2019 Appropriations: Dates and Documents
• Submission of FY2019 Budget Request on February 12, 2018
• Timing of the FY2019 Budget Submission Prior to the Enactment of FY2018 Funding: Implications
• Senate and House Hearings on the FY2019 Budget Requests
• House Appropriations Committee Subcommittee on Legislative Branch Markup
• House Appropriations Committee Legislative Branch Markup
• House Consideration of a Special Rule
• House Floor Consideration and Passage
• Senate Appropriations Committee Legislative Branch Markup and Reporting
• Senate Floor Consideration and Passage
Funding in Prior Years: Brief Overview and Trends
• FY2019 Legislative Branch Funding Issues
• Senate
• Overall Funding
• Senate Committee Funding
• Senators' Official Personnel and Office Expense Account
• Administrative Provisions
House of Representatives
• Overall Funding
• House Committee Funding
• Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission
• Members' Representational Allowance
• Support Agency Funding
• U.S. Capitol Police (USCP)
• Office of Compliance
• Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
• Architect of the Capitol (AOC)
• Library of Congress (LOC)
• Government Publishing Office (GPO)
• Government Accountability Office (GAO)
• Open World Leadership Center
• John C. Stennis Center for Public Service Training and Development
• General Provisions
• Introduction to Summary Tables and Appendix

Summary

The legislative branch appropriations bill provides funding for the Senate; House of Representatives; Joint Items; Capitol Police; Office of Compliance; Congressional Budget Office (CBO); Architect of the Capitol (AOC); Library of Congress (LOC), including the Congressional Research Service (CRS); Government Publishing Office (GPO); Government Accountability Office (GAO); Open World Leadership Center; and the John C. Stennis Center.

The FY2019 legislative branch budget request of $4.960 billion was submitted on February 12, 2018. The budget request levels were developed prior to the enactment of full-year appropriations for FY2018. Agency assessments for FY2019 may subsequently have been revised—for example, to account for items funded or not funded in the FY2018 Consolidated Appropriations Act. Subsequent discussions may vary from the levels or language included in the budget request due to this timing. For purposes of this report, however, FY2019 requested levels refer to the requested levels originally submitted unless otherwise noted. By law, the President includes the legislative branch request in the annual budget submission without change.

The House Appropriations Committee's Legislative Branch Subcommittee held hearings in April to consider the FY2019 legislative branch requests. On May 8, 2018, the House Appropriations Committee held a markup of the bill. Three amendments were considered: one, a manager's amendment, was adopted; one amendment was not adopted; and one amendment was withdrawn. The bill was ordered reported. The House-proposed total for legislative branch activities, excluding Senate items, is $3.811 billion (H.R. 5894, H.Rept. 115-696).

The Senate Appropriations Committee's Legislative Branch Subcommittee held hearings in April and May to consider FY2019 legislative branch requests.

, and the bill was ordered reported.

On May 24, 2018, the text of H.R. 5894 was included in a print issued by the House Rules Committee entitled "Text of Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act 2019" (Committee Print 115-71, which also contained the text of H.R. 5895, H.R. 5894, and H.R. 5786). On June 5 and 6, the House Rules Committee met to consider rules for the consideration of H.R. 5895, which included legislative branch funding as Division B; the bill has sometimes been referred to a "minibus" appropriations package. The rule for consideration (H.Res. 918, H.Rept. 115-711) was agreed to in the House on June 6, 2018. Of the seven amendments to Division B made in order by H.Res. 918, six were offered and four were agreed to (three by voice vote and one by roll call vote). H.R. 5895 passed in the House on June 8, 2018, by a vote of 212-179 (Roll no. 257). The House-passed total for legislative branch activities, excluding Senate items, was $3.811 billion (H.R. 5894, H.Rept. 115-696).

The Senate Appropriations Committee's Legislative Branch Subcommittee held hearings in April and May of 2018 to consider FY2019 legislative branch requests. On June 14, the Senate Appropriations Committee held a markup of its version of the FY2019 bill and reported S. 3071 (S.Rept. 115-274), which proposed $3.367 billion for legislative branch activities, excluding House items. The Senate began consideration of FY2019 legislative branch appropriations on June 18, 2018, agreeing to an amendment in the nature of a substitute (S.Amdt. 2910) that was made to H.R. 5895. Four amendments were agreed to for the legislative branch section of the bill, which is in Division B. H.R. 5895, as amended, was passed in the Senate on June 25, 2018, by a vote of 86-5 (Rollcall Vote No. 139 Leg.). The Senate-passed bill would provide $4.796 million for the legislative branch, including House items.

The FY2018 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 115-141) provided $4.700 billion, an increase of $260.0 million (+5.9%) from FY2017. The FY2017 level of $4.440 billion was an increase of $77.0 million (+1.7%) from FY2016. The FY2016 level of $4.363 billion represented an increase of $63 million (+1.5%) from the FY2015 level of $4.300 billion, and the FY2015 level represented an increase of $41.7 million (+1.0%) from the FY2014 funding level of $4.259 billion. The FY2013 act funded legislative branch accounts at the FY2012 enacted level, with some exceptions (also known as "anomalies"), less across-the-board rescissions that applied to all appropriations in the act, and not including sequestration reductions implemented on March 1. The FY2012 level of $4.307 billion represented a decrease of $236.9 million (-5.2%) from the FY2011 level, which itself represented a decrease of $125.1 million (-2.7%) from FY2010.

The smallest of the appropriations bills, the legislative branch comprises approximately 0.4% of total discretionary budget authority.

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FY2019 Consideration: Overview of Actions

The first section of this report provides an overview of the consideration of FY2019 legislative branch appropriations, with subsections covering each action to date, including

• the initial submission of the request on February 12, 2018;
• hearings held by the House Legislative Branch Subcommittee in April, 2018; and hearings held by the Senate Legislative Branch Subcommittee in April and May, 2018;
• the House subcommittee markup held on April 26, 2018; and
• the House full committee markup on May 8
• House full committee markup on May 8, 2018;
• the May 24, 2018, inclusion of a modified text of the legislative branch bill (H.R. 5894) in a print issued by the House Rules Committee;
• meetings of the House Rules Committee on June 5 and 6, 2018, to consider rules providing for the consideration of H.R. 5895, which included legislative branch funding as Division B;
• House consideration of a special rule for H.R. 5895 on June 6, 2018, and consideration of a special rule for further consideration for H.R. 5895 on June 7, 2018;
• House floor consideration of H.R. 5895 on June 7 and 8, 2018, followed by House passage on June 8, 2018;
• Senate full committee markup and reporting of its version of the legislative branch appropriations bill (S. 3071) on June 14, 2018; and
Senate consideration of H.R. 5895, beginning June 18, 2018, and the agreement to S.Amdt. 2910, an amendment in the nature of a substitute, on June 18, 2018, followed by Senate passage of H.R. 5895, as amended, on June 25, 2018.

It is followed by a section on prior year actions and funding, which contains a historical table and figure.

The report then provides an overview of the FY2019 budget requests of individual legislative branch agencies and entities.

Table 5 through Table 9 list enacted funding levels for FY2018 and the requested and reportedHouse-passed and Senate-passed levels for FY2019, while the Appendix lists House, Senate, and conference bills and reports; public law numbers; and enactment dates since FY1998.

Status of FY2019 Appropriations: Dates and Documents

Submission of FY2019 Budget Request on February 12, 2018

The Budget for Fiscal Year 2019 was submitted on February 12, 2018. It contains a request for $4.960 billion in new budget authority for legislative branch activities.¹ By law, the legislative branch request is submitted to the President and included in the budget without change.²

Timing of the FY2019 Budget Submission Prior to the Enactment of FY2018 Funding: Implications

In general, FY2019 legislative branch budget requests had already been developed and submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) prior to the enactment of full-year funding for FY2018, which occurred on March 23, 2018.

Accounts in the Budget therefore include the following disclaimer:

Note.—A full-year 2018 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the budget was prepared; therefore, the budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (Division D of P.L. 115–56, as amended). The amounts included for 2018 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Agency assessments for FY2019 may subsequently have been revised following the enactment of the FY2018 Consolidated Appropriations Act—for example, to account for items funded or not funded in that act. Subsequent discussions may vary from the levels or language included in the budget request due to this timing. For purposes of this report, however, FY2019 requested levels refer to the requested levels originally submitted unless otherwise noted.

Senate and House Hearings on the FY2019 Budget Requests

Table 2 lists the dates of hearings of the legislative branch subcommittees in 2018. Prepared statements of witnesses were posted on the subcommittee websites.

House Appropriations Committee Subcommittee on Legislative Branch Markup

On April 26, 2018, the House Appropriations Committee Subcommittee on Legislative Branch held a markup of the FY2019 bill. The subcommittee recommended $3.811 billion, a $133 million increase, or +3.6% from the comparable 2018 enacted level, not including Senate items, which are historically considered by the Senate and not included in the House bill.

No amendments were offered.

House Appropriations Committee Legislative Branch Markup

On May 8, 2018, the House Appropriations Committee met to mark up the FY2019 bill reported from its legislative branch subcommittee. The following amendments were considered:

• a manager's amendment, offered by Chairman Yoder of Kansas, which was agreed to by voice vote, with technical and other changes, including (1) the repeal of authorizations for office space, office expenses, franking and printing privileges, and staff for former Speakers of the House; and (2) directing the Chief Administrative Officer (CAO) to hire an external contractor to conduct a House employee salary study;
• an amendment offered by Representative Wasserman Schultz of Florida, related to the House historical buildings revitalization trust fund, which was not agreed to; and
• an amendment offered by Representative Kilmer of Washington and Representative Cuellar of Texas, related to expressing the sense of Congress that the comptroller general should present an annual report on the fiscal state of the nation to a joint session of Congress, which was withdrawn.

The bill, as amended, was reported out of committee by roll call vote of 47-0 (H.R. 5894, H.Rept. 115-696).

House Consideration of a Special Rule

On May 24, 2018, the text of H.R. 5894 was included in a print issued by the House Rules Committee entitled "Text of Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act 2019" (Committee Print 115-71, which also contained the text of H.R. 5895 and H.R. 5786 along with modifications). An announcement regarding the amendment process was issued.³

The House Rules Committee met on June 5 and 6, 2018 to consider a special rule for the consideration of H.R. 5895, which included legislative branch funding as Division B. The House Rules Committee met to consider a special rule providing for the further consideration of H.R. 5895 on June 7, 2018. A total of 33 proposed amendments to the legislative branch section of the bill were considered by the committee (including 9 that the committee considered late or late revised and 2 that were withdrawn).⁴ Seven amendments to Division B were made in order under the rule reported by the House Rules Committee (H.Res. 918, amendments printed in H.Rept. 115-712).

H.Res. 918 was agreed to in the House on June 6, 2018 (223-175, Roll no. 235; see also H.Res. 923).

House Floor Consideration and Passage

The House proceeded to consideration of H.R. 5895 on June 7, 2018, and continued consideration on June 8. Of the seven amendments to Division B made in order by H.Res. 918, six were offered and four were agreed to:

• H.Amdt. 758, agreed to by voice vote, increasing funding for the House Wounded Warrior Program by $250,000 (offset by a decrease in funding for the AOC's Capital Construction and Operations account);
• H.Amdt. 759, agreed to by voice vote, increasing funding for the House Office of Employee Assistance by $500,000 (offset by a decrease in funding from the AOC's Capitol Grounds account);
• H.Amdt. 760, agreed to by roll-call vote (Roll no. 254), reestablishing a semiannual GAO financial review of obligated expenditures from the Independent Counsel; and
• H.Amdt. 762, agreed to by voice vote, prohibiting funds made available in the bill from being used to purchase plastic drinking straws.

H.R. 5895 was passed in the House on June 8, 2018, by a vote of 212-179 (Roll no. 257).

Senate Appropriations Committee Legislative Branch Markup and Reporting

On June 14, 2018, the Senate Appropriations Committee met to mark up its version of the FY2019 bill. One amendment was agreed to via unanimous consent related to providing funds to pay interns in Senators' offices.

The committee recommended $3.367 billion, a $55.45 million increase from the FY2018 enacted level (+1.7%). This total does not include funding for House items, which are historically considered by the House. One amendment was offered as part of a manager's package, which was agreed to by unanimous consent, and the bill was ordered reported (S. 3071, S.Rept. 115-274).

Senate Floor Consideration and Passage

The Senate began its consideration of FY2019 legislative branch appropriations on June 18, 2018, as a part of a "minibus" appropriations package that also would provide appropriations for energy and water, as well as for military construction and veterans affairs. An amendment in the nature of a substitute (S.Amdt. 2910)⁵ was made to the related House-passed appropriations bill (H.R. 5895). Four amendments addressing the legislative branch portion of the bill were agreed to.⁶

• S.Amdt. 2953, designating $250,000 for the Library of Congress's Surplus Books Program to promote the program and donations for it;
• S.Amdt. 3051, designating $2,383,000 for the Library of Congress's Veterans History Project to continue digitization efforts for its collections, engage in outreach with veterans, and promote public access to the project;
• S.Amdt. 3053, designating a maximum of $5,000 for the Architect of the Capitol to spend working with contractors to eliminate or reduce the use of plastic drinking straws in facilities under the Architect's care; and
• S.Amdt. 3057, requiring that the Congressional Budget Office use at least $500,000 to improve the transparency of budgetary effects scoring and improve the availability and replicability of models and data.

H.R. 5895, as amended, was passed in the Senate on June 25, 2018, by a vote of 86-5 (Rollcall Vote No. 139 Leg.).

Funding in Prior Years: Brief Overview and Trends

Legislative Branch: Historic Percentage of Total Discretionary Budget Authority

The percentage of total discretionary budget authority provided to the legislative branch has remained relatively stable at approximately 0.4% since at least FY1976.³7 The maximum level, 0.48%, was in FY1995, and the minimum, 0.31%, was in FY2009.

FY2018

FY2018 funding was provided in Division I of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (P.L. 115-141), which was enacted on March 23, 2018. The $4.700 billion provided by the act represents an increase of $260.0 million (5.9%) from the FY2017 enacted level.

In addition, P.L. 115-123, enacted February 9, 2018, provided $14.0 million to the Government Accountability Office "for audits and investigations relating to Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria and the 2017 wildfires." (Title IX of Division B)

FY2017

FY2017 funding was provided in Division I of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017 (P.L. 115-31), which was enacted on May 5, 2017. The $4.440 billion provided by the act represented a $77.0 million increase (+1.7%) from the FY2016 enacted level.

FY2016

FY2016 funding was provided in Division I of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L. 114-113), which was enacted on December 18, 2015. The $4.363 billion provided by the act represented a $63.0 million increase (+1.5%) from the FY2015 enacted level.

FY2015

FY2015 funding was provided in Division H of the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015 (P.L. 113-235), which was enacted on December 16, 2014. The $4.300 billion provided by the act represented an increase of $41.7 million (+1.0%) from FY2014.

FY2014

Neither a legislative branch appropriations bill nor a continuing appropriations resolution (CR) containing FY2014 funding was enacted prior to the beginning of the fiscal year on October 1, 2013. A funding gap, which resulted in a partial government shutdown, ensued for 16 days. The funding gap was terminated by the enactment of a CR (P.L. 113-46) on October 17, 2013. The CR provided funding through January 15, 2014.⁴8 Following enactment of a temporary continuing resolution on January 15, 2014 (P.L. 113-73), a consolidated appropriations bill was enacted on January 17 (P.L. 113-76), providing $4.259 billion for the legislative branch for FY2014.

FY2013

FY2013 funding of approximately $4.061 billion was provided by P.L. 113-6, which was signed into law on March 26, 2013.⁵9 The act funded legislative branch accounts at the FY2012 enacted level, with some exceptions (also known as "anomalies"), not including across-the-board rescissions required by Section 3004 of P.L. 113-6. Section 3004 was intended to eliminate any amount by which the new budget authority provided in the act exceeded the FY2013 discretionary spending limits in Section 251(c)(2) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act, as amended by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (P.L. 112-25) and the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-240). Subsequent to the enactment of P.L. 113-6, OMB calculated that additional rescissions of 0.032% of security budget authority and 0.2% of nonsecurity budget authority would be required. The act did not alter the sequestration reductions implemented on March 1, which reduced most legislative branch accounts by 5.0%.⁶10 The accompanying OMB report indicated a dollar amount of budget authority to be canceled in each account containing nonexempt funds.⁷11

FY2012 and Prior

Division G of the FY2012 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 112-74) provided $4.307 billion for the legislative branch. This level was $236.9 million below (-5.2%) the FY2011 enacted level. P.L. 112-10 provided $4.543 billion for legislative branch operations in FY2011. This level represented a $125.1 million decrease from the $4.668 billion provided in the FY2010 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act (P.L. 111-68) and the FY2010 Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 111-212). The FY2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act provided $4.402 billion. In FY2009, an additional $25.0 million was provided for the Government Accountability Office (GAO) in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.⁸12 P.L. 111-32, the FY2009 Supplemental Appropriations Act, also contained funding for a new Capitol Police radio system ($71.6 million) and additional funding for the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) ($2.0 million).⁹13

As seen in Table 3, the FY2018 legislative branch budget was $4.700 billion. When compared to FY2010, which was the peak of legislative branch funding, the FY2018 level has increased by about 1% when not adjusted for inflation and decreased by about 12% when adjusted for inflation. Figure 1 shows the same information graphically, while also demonstrating the division of budget authority across the legislative branch in FY2018.

Figure 1. Legislative Branch Funding FY2008-FY2018: Current and Constant Dollars (and distribution in FY2018)

Source: CRS analysis of legislative branch appropriations acts and related budget documents. Notes: These figures exclude permanent budget authorities and contain supplementals and rescissions. Total does not include permanent budget authorities, including funding for Member pay, that are not included in the annual legislative branch appropriations bill. Total also excludes offsetting collections and authority to spend receipts. Constant 2018 dollars calculated using the "Total Non-Defense" deflator in Table 10.1—Gross Domestic Product and Deflators Used in the Historical Tables: 1940–2023 in the President's FY2019 budget request.

Figure 2 shows the timing of legislative branch appropriations actions, including the issuance of House and Senate reports, bill passage, and enactment, from FY1996 through FY2018. It shows that fiscal year funding for the legislative branch has been determined on or before October 1 five times during this period (FY1997, FY2000, FY2004, FY2006, and FY2010), with another two bills enacted during the first month of the fiscal year (FY1998 and FY1999), two in November (FY1996 and FY2002), six in December (FY2001, FY2005, FY2008, FY2012, FY2015, and FY2016), and eight in the next calendar year (FY2003, FY2007, FY2009, FY2011, FY2013, FY2014, FY2017, and FY2018). FY2017 funding, enacted on May 5, 2017, represented the latest date of enactment during this period.

Figure 2. Timing of Legislative Branch Appropriations Consideration: FY1996-FY2019 FY2018 (fiscal year consideration during the calendar year)

Source: CRS analysis of data found on http://www.congress.gov. Notes: Each row represents consideration during the calendar year of the subsequent fiscal year spending bill (i.e., the calendar year 1992 row shows the timeline of consideration and passage of the FY1993 act). Arrows in the December column indicate consideration continued until the next calendar year. The figure shows when the committee report was filed, which may be later than the date the bill was ordered reported. When House and Senate action occurs on the same date, the House is shown first. The FY2010 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act (P.L. 111-68) is listed in this figure as stand-alone legislation (Division A), although it was also the vehicle for a continuing appropriations resolution (Division B).

FY2019 Legislative Branch Funding Issues

The following sections discuss the various legislative branch accounts.

During consideration of the legislative branch bills, the House and Senate conform to a "longstanding practice under which each body of Congress determines its own housekeeping requirements and the other concurs without intervention."¹⁰

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As stated above, FY2019 legislative branch budget requests were generally developed and submitted to OMB prior to the determination of FY2018 funding, which was enacted on March 23, 2018.

Senate

Overall Funding

The Senate requested $990.1 million for FY2019, a 7.6% increase over the $919.9 million provided in FY2018.

The Senate-passed bill (H.R. 5895, as amended, S.Rept. 115-274) would provide $933.5 million, a $13.5 million increase from the FY2018 enacted level (+1.5%).

Additional information on the Senate account is presented in Table 6.

Senate Committee Funding

Appropriations for Senate committees are contained in two accounts.

• The inquiries and investigations account contains funds for all Senate committees except Appropriations. The Senate requested $135.8 million, an increase of $2.5 million (+1.9%) from the $133.3 million provided in FY2018.
The Senate-passed bill would provide the same level provided in FY2018.
• The Committee on Appropriations account contains funds for the Senate Appropriations Committee. The Senate-requested level of $15.5 million represents an increase of $354,000 (+2.3%) from the $15.1 million provided since FY2015.

The Senate-passed bill would provide funding equivalent to the level provided since FY2015.Senators' Official Personnel and Office Expense Account¹¹

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The Senators' Official Personnel and Office Expense Account (SOPOEA) provides each Senator with funds to administer an office. It consists of an administrative and clerical assistance allowance, a legislative assistance allowance, and an official office expense allowance. The funds may be used for any category of expenses, subject to limitations on official mail.

The Senate requested $474.6 million, $50.6 million above (+11.9%) the $424.0 million provided in FY2018.

The Senate-passed bill would provide $429.0 million, $5 million above (+1.2%) the $424.0 million provided in FY2018. The $5 million was added by an amendment at the Senate Appropriations Committee markup for the purpose of providing compensation to interns working in Senators' offices.¹⁶ Administrative Provisions

The Senate-passed bill contained the following three administrative provisions:

• 1. One provision, which was first included in FY2016, that would require amounts remaining in the Senators' Official Personnel and Expense Account (SOPOEA) to be used for deficit reduction or to reduce the federal debt.
• 2. One provision that would continue the freeze on Member salaries at the 2009 level. Member salaries are funded in a permanent appropriations account, and the legislative branch bill does not contain language funding or increasing Member pay. A provision prohibiting the automatic Member pay adjustments could be included in any bill, or be introduced as a separate bill.
• 3. One provision that would amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to require all designations, statements, and reports required to be filed under the act to be filed directly with the Federal Election Commission (FEC).

House of Representatives

Overall Funding

The House requested $1.257 billion for FY2019, a 4.7% increase from the FY2018 enacted level of $1.199 billion.

The House-passed and Senate-passed level of $1.233 billion would provide an increase of $32.5 million (+2.7%) over FY2018.

Additional information on headings in the House of Representatives account is presented in Table 7.

House Committee Funding

Funding for House committees is contained in the appropriation heading "committee employees," which typically comprises two subheadings.

The first subheading contains funds for personnel and nonpersonnel expenses of House committees, except the Appropriations Committee, as authorized by the House in a committee expense resolution. The House requested $126.9 million (-0.1%), a slight decrease from the FY2018 and FY2017 enacted level and an increase of 2.4% from the level provided in FY2014, FY2015, and FY2016. The House-reportedpassed level of $127.9 million would provide an increase of $850,000 over the level provided in FY2018 and FY2017.

The second subheading contained funds for the personnel and nonpersonnel expenses of the Committee on Appropriations. The House-requested and House-reportedpassed level is $23.1 million (-0.5%), a slight decrease from the level provided in FY2017 and FY2018.

Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission

Funding for the Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission was included in the House-reported bill, which would providehave provided $230,000 for FY2019. This provision was not included in the FY2018 bill.

, and it was not included in the FY2019 House-passed bill.¹⁷

Members' Representational Allowance¹²

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The Members' Representational Allowance (MRA) is available to support Members in their official and representational duties.

The House-requested level of $573.6 million is an increase of $10.998 million (+2.0%) from the level provided in FY2017 and FY2018. The House-reportedpassed bill contains the same level as the House request.

Administrative Provisions

The House requested the continuation of several administrative provisions from prior years related to

• 1. unexpended balances from the MRA;
• 2. limiting amounts available from the MRA for leased vehicles;
• 3. limiting or prohibiting the delivery of copies of bills and resolutions, the Congressional Record, the U.S. Code, the Statement of Disbursements, the Daily Calendar, and the Congressional Pictorial Directory.

The House-reportedpassed bill contained these provisions, as well as additional administrative provisions related to

• 1. repealing the authorizations for former Speakers' office space, office expenses, franking and printing privileges, and staff;¹³19
• 2. prohibiting a cost-of-living adjustment to the salaries of Members of Congress in FY2019; and
• 3. authorizing transfer authority among House leadership offices.

Another requested provision, amending the House Services Revolving Fund to allow for the collection of a fee from vendors for failure to abide by and maintain House security policies, had previously been included in the FY2018 Consolidated Appropriations Act.

The House also requested additional administrative provisions, which were not included in the House-reportedpassed bill, related to

• 1. limiting or prohibiting the delivery of copies the President's budget and the Federal Register; and
• 2. cybersecurity assistance for the House from other federal entities.

Support Agency Funding

U.S. Capitol Police (USCP)

The U.S. Capitol Police (USCP) are responsible for the security of the Capitol Complex, including, for example, the U.S. Capitol, the House and Senate office buildings, the U.S. Botanic Garden, and the Library of Congress buildings and adjacent grounds.

The USCP requested, and the House-reportedpassed bill would provide, $456.36 million for FY2019, an increase of $29.86 million (+7.0%) from the $426.5 million the USCP received for FY2018.

The Senate-passed bill would provide $453.0 million, an increase of $26.54 million (+6.2%) from FY2018.

Additional information on the USCP is presented in Table 8.

Appropriations for the police are contained in two accounts—a salaries account and a general expenses account.

• Salaries—the Capitol Police requested, and the House-reportedpassed bill would provide, $374.8 million for salaries, an increase of $23.1 million (+6.6%) from the $351.7 million provided in FY2018.
• General Expenses—the Capitol Police requested, and the House-reported bill would provide,The Senate-passed bill would provide $371.5 million, an increase of $19.78 million (+5.6%) from FY2018. General Expenses—the Capitol Police requested $81.55 million for general expenses, an increase of $6.75 million (+9.0%) from the $74.8 million provided in FY2018.

The House-passed and Senate-passed bills would provide this requested amount.Another appropriation relating to the Capitol Police appears within the Architect of the Capitol account for Capitol Police buildings and grounds. USCP requested $59.3 million, an increase of $25.1 million (+73.2%) from the $34.25 million provided in FY2018. The House-reportedpassed bill would provide $52.54 million (+53.4%).

The Senate-passed bill would provide $54.68 million, an increase of $20.43 million (+59.65%) from FY2018.

Office of Compliance

The Office of Compliance is an independent and nonpartisan agency within the legislative branch. It was established to administer and enforce the Congressional Accountability Act, which was enacted in 1995.¹⁴20 The act applies various employment and workplace safety laws to Congress and certain legislative branch entities.¹⁵

21

The Office of Compliance requested $4.55 million for FY2019, a decrease of $406,000 (-8.2%) fromless than the FY2018 enacted level. The House-reportedpassed bill would provide $5.41 million (+9.1%). The Senate-passed bill would provide $6.33 million (+27.7%). As with all legislative branch requests, the Office of Compliance request was developed prior to the enactment of the FY2018 Consolidated Appropriations Act. The FY2018 act provided $4.96 million, an increase of $1.0 million (+25.3%) from the $3.96 million provided each year since FY2015. The increased funding followed heightened attention beginning in late 2017 to sexual harassment policies in Congress and discussions related to potential future changes to the Congressional Accountability Act.

Congressional Budget Office (CBO)

CBO is a nonpartisan congressional agency created to provide objective economic and budgetary analysis to Congress. CBO cost estimates are required for any measure reported by a regular or conference committee that may affect revenues or expenditures.¹⁶

22

CBO requested, and the House-reportedpassed bill would provide, $50.74 million, an increase of $792,000 (+1.6%) from the $49.95 million provided in FY2018.

The Senate-passed bill would provide $50.3 million, an increase of $350,000 (+0.7%) from FY2018.

Administrative Provisions

CBO requested two administrative provisions, which would

• 1. apply certain provisions of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) to CBO, which were enacted in the FY2018 Consolidated Appropriations Act, but included in the FY2019 budget request due to timing;
• 2. authorize CBO to reimburse new employees for relocation expenses.

The House-reportedpassed bill included the relocation expense reimbursement language.

The Senate-passed bill did not include either provision.

Architect of the Capitol (AOC)

The Architect of the Capitol (AOC) is responsible for the maintenance, operation, development, and preservation of the U.S. Capitol Complex, which includes the Capitol and its grounds, House and Senate office buildings, Library of Congress buildings and grounds, Capitol Power Plant, Botanic Garden, Capitol Visitor Center, and Capitol Police buildings and grounds. The Architect is responsible for the Supreme Court buildings and grounds, but appropriations for their expenses are not contained in the legislative branch appropriations bill.

Overall Funding Levels

Operations of the Architect are funded in the following 10 accounts: capital construction and operations, Capitol building, Capitol grounds, Senate office buildings, House office buildings, Capitol Power Plant, Library buildings and grounds, Capitol Police buildings and grounds, Capitol Visitor Center, and Botanic Garden.

The Architect requested $768.4 million for FY2019, an increase of $56.3 million (7.9%) from the FY2018 level of $712.1 million.

The House-reported bill does not include funding for Senate office buildings and would provide $642.0 million, representing an increase of $31.5 million (5.2%) from the $610.5 million provided for similar itemsThe Senate-passed bill, which includes all Architect of the Capitol operations (including funding for House office buildings at the House-passed level), would provide $701.1 million, a decrease of $11 million (0.02%) from the FY2018 enacted level.

Excluding House and Senate office buildings, the House-passed bill would provide $444.2 million for the other Architect of the Capitol accounts, representing an increase of $41 million (+10.2%) over the amount provided for similar items in FY2018. The House-passed and Senate-passed bills would also provide $187.1 million for the House office buildings, which is $10.2 million (-5.2%) less than the amount provided in FY2018.

The Senate-passed bill, excluding House and Senate office buildings, would provide $411.1 million for the other Architect of the Capitol accounts, providing an increase of $7.9 million (+2.0%). The Senate-passed bill would also provide $92.9 million for the Senate office buildings, representing a decrease of $8.7 million (-8.6 %) from the amount provided in FY2018.

Additional funding information on the individual AOC accounts is presented in Table 9.

Administrative Provisions

The AOC also requested four administrative provisions

• :1. a provision prohibiting the use of funds for bonuses for contractors behind schedule or over budget, first included in appropriations acts in FY2015;
• 2. a provision prohibiting scrims containing photographs of building facades during restoration or construction projects performed by the Architect of the Capitol, first included in FY2015;
• 3. a provision related to AOC's small purchase contracting authority, which would increase the threshold from $100,000 to $150,000; and
• 4. a provision amending authority related to AOC's Office of Security Programs, including interagency transfers of appropriations.

The House-reportedpassed bill contained these four provisions, with a modification to the small purchase contracting authority that would raise the threshold from $100,000 to $250,000. The House-reportedpassed bill also contained two other administrative provisions

• :1. a provision that would authorize the AOC to enter into a joint agency agreement to provide for interagency employee detailees; and
• 2. a provision that would permit the AOC to accept payment on the office's behalf from nonfederal sources for travel and related expenses for meetings related to employees' duties.

The Senate-passed bill contained the first two administrative provisions requested by the AOC, pertaining to the use of funds for bonuses and the prohibition of scrims.

Library of Congress (LOC)

The Library of Congress serves simultaneously as Congress's parliamentary library and the de facto national library of the United States. Its broader services to the nation include the acquisition, maintenance, and preservation of a collection of more than 164 million items in various formats;¹⁷23 hosting nearly 1.8 million visitors annually;¹⁸24 service to the general public and scholarly and library communities; administration of U.S. copyright laws by its Copyright Office; and administration of a national program to provide reading material to the blind and physically handicapped. Its direct services to Congress include the provision of legal research and law-related services by the Law Library of Congress, and a broad range of activities by the Congressional Research Service (CRS), including in-depth and nonpartisan public policy research, analysis, and legislative assistance for Members and committees and their staff; congressional staff training; information and statistics retrieval; and continuing legal education for Members of both chambers and congressional staff.

The Library requested $672.66 million for FY2019,¹⁹25 an increase of $2.77 million (+0.4%) from the $669.89 million provided in FY2018. The House-reportedpassed bill would provide $709.88 million (+6.0%).

The Senate-passed bill would provide $687.42 million (+2.6%).

These figures do not include additional authority to spend receipts.²⁰26 As stated above, the budget request levels were developed prior to the enactment of full-year appropriations for FY2018.

The FY2019 budget contains four headings

• :Salaries and expenses—The Library requested $469.2 million, a decrease of $1.5 million (-0.3%) fromless than the $470.7 million provided for FY2018. The House-reportedpassed bill would provide $487.8 million (+3.6%). The Senate-passed bill would provide $468.4 million (-0.5%). These figures do not include $6.35 million in authority to spend receipts in FY2018 or $6 million in authority to spend receipts in the FY2019 request and House-reported, House-passed bill, and Senate-passed bill.
• Copyright Office—The Library requested $38.6 million, an increase of $10.2 million (+35.9%) frommore than the $28.4 million provided for FY2018. The House-reportedpassed bill would provide $43.6 million (+53.2%). The Senate-passed bill would provide $42.6 million (+49.9%). These levels do not include authority to spend receipts and prior year unobligated balances ($43.6 million in FY2018; $47.8 million in the FY2019 request; and $49.8 million in the House-reportedpassed and Senate-passed versions of the FY2019 bill). Total budget authority, including receipts and balances, is $72.0 million in FY2018; $86.4 million in the FY2019 request; and $93.4 million in the House-reportedpassed FY2019 bill; and $92.5 million in the Senate-passed FY2019 bill.
• Congressional Research Service—The Library requested $113.6 million for FY2019, a decrease of $5.7 million (-4.7%) fromless than the FY2018 level of $119.3 million. The House-reportedpassed bill would provide $125.7 million (+5.4%).
The Senate-passed bill would provide $123.8 million (+3.8%).
• Books for the Blind and Physically Handicapped—The Library requested $51.2 million, a $306,000 (-0.6%) decrease fromless than the $51.5 million provided in FY2018. The House-reportedpassed bill would provide $52.8 million (+2.5%).

The Senate-passed bill would provide $52.5 million (+2.0%). The Architect's budget also contains funds for the Library buildings and grounds. For FY2019, $113.4 million was requested, an increase of $38.6 million (+51.5%) from the $74.9 million provided for FY2018. The House-reportedpassed bill would provide $70.2 million (-6.2%).

The Senate-passed bill would provide $64.1 million (-14.4%).

Administrative Provisions

The Library requested

• 1. authority to obligate funds for reimbursable and revolving fund activities ($194.6 million); and
• 2. language related to the operations of the Copyright Office in the event of a lapse in annual appropriations.

The House-reportedpassed bill and the Senate-passed bill included the reimbursable and revolving fund language, but not the Copyright Office language.

Government Publishing Office (GPO)²¹

27

GPO requested, and the House-reportedpassed and Senate-passed versions of the FY2019 bill would provide, $117.0 million, a decrease ofwhich is $68,000 (-0.1%) fromless than the level provided in FY2018 and FY2017.

GPO's budget authority is contained in three accounts.²²28

• 1. Congressional publishing—GPO requested, and the House-reportedpassed and Senate-passed versions of the FY2019 bill would provide, $79.0 million, a decrease of $528,000 (-0.7%).
• 2. Public Information Programs of the Superintendent of Documents (salaries and expenses)—GPO requested, and the House-reportedpassed and Senate-passed versions of the FY2019 bill would provide, $32.0 million, an increase of $3.0 million (+10.3%).
• 3. Government Publishing Office Business Operations Revolving Fund—the revolving fund supports the operation and maintenance of the Government Publishing Office.²³29 GPO requested, and the House-reportedpassed and Senate-passed versions of the FY2019 bill would provide, $6.0 million, a decrease of $2.5 million (-29.7%).

Government Accountability Office (GAO)

GAO responds to requests for studies of federal government programs and expenditures. GAO may also initiate its own work.²⁴30

GAO requested $616.1 million, an increase of $37.2 million (+6.4%) from the $578.9 million provided in FY2018. The House-reportedpassed bill would provide the same level as FY2018.

The Senate-passed bill would provide $589.8 million, an increase of $10.8 (+1.9%).

These levels do not include offsetting collections ($23.8 million in FY2018; $24.2 million in the request; $23.8 million in the House-reported bill).²⁵

passed bill; and $35.9 million in the Senate-passed bill).³¹

Open World Leadership Center

The Open World Leadership Center administers a program that supports democratic changes in other countries by inviting their leaders to observe democracy and free enterprise in the United States. The first program was authorized by Congress in 1999 to support the relationship between Russia and the United States. The program encouraged young federal and local Russian leaders to visit the United States and observe its government and society.

Established at the Library of Congress as the Center for Russian Leadership Development in 2000, the center was renamed the Open World Leadership Center in 2003, when the program was expanded to include specified additional countries.²⁶32 In 2004, Congress further extended the program's eligibility to other countries designated by the center's board of trustees, subject to congressional consideration.²⁷33 The center is housed in the Library and receives services from the Library through an interagency agreement.

The legislative branch bills have included a provision since FY2016, also contained in the FY2019 request and, House-reported bill, passed bill, and Senate-passed bill stating

That funds made available to support Russian participants shall only be used for those engaging in free market development, humanitarian activities, and civic engagement, and shall not be used for officials of the central government of Russia.

Open World requested $5.8 million for FY2019, an increase of $200,000 (+3.6%) from the FY2018 enacted level. The House-reportedpassed bill and Senate-passed bill would provide $5.6 million, the enacted level for FY2018, FY2017, and FY2016.

Prior Year Discussion of Location and Funding of Open World

The location and future of Open World, attempts to assess its effectiveness, and its inclusion in the legislative branch budget have been discussed at appropriations hearings and in report language for more than a decade. The funding level for Open World has also varied greatly during this period.

In FY2017, the House Appropriations Committee recommended $1.0 million (-82.1%) for expenses associated with shutting down the program. During full committee consideration, an amendment was offered and withdrawn to increase funding for this program. The committee report stated,²⁸

34

For many years the Committee has had concern with the placement of the Open World Leadership Center (OWLC) in the Legislative Branch with it mirroring numerous similar or nearly identical programs administered by other Federal agencies. In this fiscal environment where our national debt exceeds $19 trillion, it is important to eliminate duplicative programs. The Committee has provided $1,000,000 to cover the cost associated with the shutdown of the OWLC. The Committee directs the Director to retain any necessary prior year funds in the Trust to cover any cost in excess of the $1,000,000 provided in this bill to be utilized for the orderly shutdown. The Director is further directed that the program termination is to be finalized within one year of enactment of the Legislative Branch fiscal year 2017 appropriation bill.

The Senate-reported FY2017 bill would have continued funding at the FY2016 level, and this level was continued in the FY2017 act.²⁹35

For FY2016, the House subcommittee mark proposed $1.0 million for an orderly shutdown of Open World. Language in the full committee print, released prior to the markup of the FY2016 bill, stated,³⁰36

The Committee believes given our current fiscal environment, and in light of both the lack of quantifiable results from the Open World Leadership Center and its duplication of programs more appropriately offered by the State Department, the program has long outlived its short-term intent. The Committee has provided an allocation to be used for the orderly shutdown during fiscal year 2016 of the Open World Leadership Center.

An amendment offered by Representative Fortenberry at the FY2016 full committee markup proposed to add $4.7 million for Open World, offset from funding for the "Architect of the Capitol, Capitol Power Plant" budget. The operations of Open World, including assessments of its impact, were discussed prior to the adoption (by voice vote) of the amendment. An amendment made in order by the House Rules Committee proposed the elimination of the $5.7 million included in the House-reported bill for Open World and would have applied the savings to the spending reduction account. The amendment, H.Amdt. 239, was agreed to 224-199. Open World was also the subject of two amendments proposed but not made in order by the House Rules Committee: (1) one amendment submitted would have redirected the $4.7 million added to Open World during the full committee markup back to the "Architect of the Capitol, Capitol Power Plant"; and (2) one amendment would have redirected $2.5 million from Open World to reinstitute the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA). The Senate-reported FY2016 bill would have provided $5.7 million, equivalent to the FY2015 level, and the FY2016 Consolidated Appropriations Act provided $5.6 million.

For FY2015, the House committee recommended $3.4 million, while the Senate committee recommended $5.7 million. Both reports discussed the conflict in Ukraine and Open World's activities in the region. The FY2015 act provided $5.7 million.

For FY2014, the House subcommittee mark would have provided $1.0 million. An amendment to restore funding for Open World to the FY2013 postsequester level was debated and withdrawn during the full committee markup. The House committee report stated,

For many years the Committee has had concern with the placement of the Open World Leadership Center (OWLC) in the Legislative Branch. The Committee understands the program has some strong champions on the Committee. However, with further reductions being made to every program within the Legislative Branch, the Committee has provided $1,000,000 to cover the cost associated with the shutdown of the OWLC. The Committee directs the Executive Director of the OWLC to retain any necessary prior year funds in the Trust to cover any cost in excess of the $1,000,000 provided in this bill [to] be utilized for the orderly shutdown. The Executive Director is further directed that the program termination is to be finalized within one year of enactment of the Legislative Branch fiscal year 2014 appropriation bill.³¹

37

The FY2014 Senate-reported bill would have provided $4.0 million, as well as a provision allowing the Librarian of Congress to transfer up to $6.0 million in nonappropriated funds to Open World. The final enacted FY2014 level was $6.0 million.

The FY2013 House-reported bill would have provided $1.0 million, a decrease of $9.0 million (-90.0%) from the $10.0 million provided in FY2012 and requested for FY2013. The House report stated that this funding level would "cover the cost associated with the shutdown" and directed that "the program termination is to be finalized within one year of enactment of the Legislative Branch fiscal year 2013 appropriations bill."³²38 H.Amdt. 1281, agreed to by recorded vote (204-203, Roll no. 373), eliminated this funding. At the Senate FY2013 budget request hearing on March 1, 2012, the subcommittee discussed potential options for increasing private funding, including the hire of a development professional. The Senate-reported bill would have provided $10.0 million. The FY2013 act provided $8.0 million, not including sequestration or the across-the-board rescission.³³39

The House-passed FY2012 bill (H.R. 2551) would have provided $1.0 million, a decrease of 91.2% from FY2011. The House report stated, "The program has some strong champions on the Committee, but with reductions being made to most every program within the Federal budget the Committee has elected to shut down the program and recommends $1,000,000 for shutdown expenses."³⁴40 The Senate-reported bill, in contrast, would have provided $10.0 million (-12.1%). The Senate report stated that "despite the fiscal constraints of the budget this program is necessary for the promotion of democratic principles in countries with historically oppressive rule."³⁵41 The FY2012 act contained the Senate-reported level.

The FY2011 level of $11.4 million represented a decrease of $623,000 (-5.2%) from the $12.0 million provided for FY2010.

The FY2010 level represented a decrease of $1.9 million (-13.7%) from FY2009. Additionally, the FY2010 House Appropriations Committee report stated that "the Legislative Branch Subcommittee has been clear that it expects the Open World program to become financially independent of funding in this bill as soon as possible."³⁶42 This sentiment was also expressed in the conference report, which stated,

The conferees are fully supportive of expanded efforts of the Open World Center to raise private funding and expect this effort to reduce the requirements for funding from the Legislative Branch appropriations bill in future years. The Committees look forward to a report of progress being made by the Center's fundraising program prior to hearings on its fiscal year 2011 budget request.³⁷

43

The FY2009 level of $13.9 million was a $4.92 million increase (+54.8%) from FY2008. The location within the legislative branch was discussed during a hearing on the FY2009 budget. Ambassador John O'Keefe, the executive director of Open World, testified that the program may attract different participants if associated with the executive branch rather than the Library of Congress, which may be seen as more neutral and nonpartisan.³⁸44 The FY2009 explanatory statement directed the Open World Leadership Center Board of Trustees to work with the State Department and the judiciary to establish a shared funding mechanism.³⁹45

The $8.98 million provided in FY2008 represented a decrease of $4.88 million (-35.2%) from the $13.86 million provided in FY2007 and FY2006. The location of Open World was also discussed during the FY2008 appropriations cycle,⁴⁰46 and language was included in the FY2008 Consolidated Appropriations Act requiring Open World to prepare a report by March 31, 2008, on "potential options for transfer of the Open World Leadership Center to a department or agency in the executive branch, establishment of the Center as an independent agency in the executive branch, or other appropriate options."⁴¹47

In 2004, GAO issued a report on the Open World program, examining program participation, purpose, and accountability.⁴²48

John C. Stennis Center for Public Service Training and Development

The center was created by Congress in 1988 to encourage public service by congressional staff through training and development programs.⁴³49 The FY2019 budget request and House-reported bills, House-passed bill, and Senate-passed bill each provide $430,000, which is approximately the same level provided since FY2006.

General Provisions

As in past years, Congress is considering a number of general provisions related to the legislative branch. These provisions and their status are listed in Table 4.

Introduction to Summary Tables and Appendix

Table 5 through Table 9 provide information on funding levels for the legislative branch overall, the Senate, the House of Representatives, the Capitol Police, and the Architect of the Capitol.

The tables are followed by an Appendix, which lists House, Senate, and conference bills and reports; public law numbers; and enactment dates since FY1998.

Appendix. Fiscal Year Information and Resources

Author Contact Information

Acknowledgments

Paulo Ordoveza and Amber Wilhelm assisted in the preparation of the figures.

Footnotes

Calculations by CRS with data from Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Historical Tables, Budget of the United States Government, FY2019, Table 5.4—Discretionary Budget Authority By Agency: 1976–2023, available at https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/historical-tables/. The calculations have some limitations, since the OMB data do not completely align with items funded in the annual and supplemental legislative branch appropriations acts. The differences may be partially traced to the definition of "legislative branch" in the OMB Public Budget Database user's guide. Some entities regularly included with the legislative branch in many OMB budget documents, like the U.S.United States Tax Court and some Legislative Branch Boards and Commissions, are not funded through the annual legislative branch appropriations acts. Consequently, an examination of the discretionary budget authority listed in the Historical Tables reveals some differences with the reported total budget authority provided in the annual legislative branch appropriations acts. The difference in legislative branch budget authority resulting from the different definitions of the legislative branch in the OMB budget documents and in the appropriations acts, however, does not represent a significant difference in the proportion of total discretionary budget authority.

18.

1.	Office of Management and Budget, Appendix, Budget of the United States Government, FY2019 (Washington: GPO, 2017), pp. 11-44, available at https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BUDGET-2019-APP/pdf/BUDGET-2019-APP-1-3.pdf. .
2.	Pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 1105, "Estimated expenditures and proposed appropriations for the legislative branch and the judicial branch to be included in each budget ... shall be submitted to the President ... and included in the budget by the President without change." Division C of the FY2012 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 112-74) added language to 31 U.S.C. 1107 relating to budget amendments, stating: "The President shall transmit promptly to Congress without change, proposed deficiency and supplemental appropriations submitted to the President by the legislative branch and the judicial branch."
3.	Available at https://rules.house.gov/news/announcement/amendment-process-hr-5894.
4.	For a list and a link to text of the proposed amendments, see https://rules.house.gov/bill/115/hr-5895.
5.	For the text of S.Amdt. 2910, see "Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019," consideration in the Senate, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 164, part 101 (June 18, 2018), pp. 3973 et seq. Legislative Branch appropriations are included as Division B, found on pp. S3992-S3997.
6.	See "Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019," consideration in the Senate, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 164, part 104 (June 24, 2018), p. S4334.
7.
48.	The legislative branch previously experienced a funding gap in FY1996 (November 14-18, 1995).
59.	FY2013 level from the CBO cost estimate for "Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014 (H.J.Res. 59), Including the Amendment Reported by the House Committee on Rules on September 18, 2013 (H.Res. 352)" at http://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/hjres59amendment.pdf, which lists a total for legislative branch budget authority of $4.061 billion, noting that it "includes effects of the 2013 sequestration." This bill contained a small anomaly for the legislative branch.
610.	White House, President Obama, Sequestration Order for Fiscal Year 2013 Pursuant to Section 251A of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act, As Amended, March 1, 2013, available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/2013sequestration-order-rel.pdf.
711.	Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, OMB Report to the Congress on the Joint Committee Sequestration for Fiscal Year 2013, March 1, 2013, http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/assets/legislative_reports/fy13ombjcsequestrationreport.pdf.
812.	P.L. 111-5, February 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 191.
913.	U.S. Congress, conference committee, Making Supplemental Appropriations for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2009, and for Other Purposes, report to accompany H.R. 2346, 111th Cong., 1st sess., H.Rept. 111-151 (Washington: GPO, 2009), p. 117.
1014.	For example: U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Legislative Branch, Legislative Branch, 2016, report to accompany H.R. 2250, 114th Cong., 1st sess., June 11, 2015, S.Rept. 114-64 (Washington: GPO, 2015), p. 4.
1115.	For additional information, see CRS Report R44399, Senators' Official Personnel and Office Expense Account (SOPOEA): History and Usage, by [author name scrubbed].
1216.	For more information, see S.Rept. 115-274, pp. 25-26.
17.	A point of order was raised against the provision funding the commission, arguing that it was in violation of House Rule XXI, clause 2, because the commission was not authorized, under its enabling resolution, to receive a direct appropriation. The chair sustained the point of order and the provision was stricken from the House bill. See Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 164, part 94 (June 7, 2018), pp. H4924-H4925.
For additional information, see CRS Report R40962, Members' Representational Allowance: History and Usage.
1319.	For additional information, see CRS Report RS20099, Former Speakers of the House: Office Allowances, Franking Privileges, and Staff Assistance.
1420.	P.L. 104-1, 109 Stat. 3, January 23, 1995. The act, as amended, applies 12 civil rights, labor, and workplace safety laws to Congress and certain legislative branch agencies. These laws are the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, Americans with Disabilities Act, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Employee Polygraph Protection Act, Fair Labor Standards Act, Family and Medical Leave Act, Federal Services Labor-Management Relations Act, Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, Rehabilitation Act of 1970, Veterans' employment and reemployment rights at Chapter 43 of Title 38 of the U.S. Code, Worker Adjustment and Retraining Act, and Veterans Employment Opportunities Act.
1521.	Among the office's activities are administration of a dispute resolution process, investigation and enforcement of occupational safety and health and disability provisions of the act, investigation of labor relations and enforcement of applicable provisions, and development of educational programs regarding the act's provisions.
1622.	The Congressional Budget Office is required to use estimates provided by the Joint Committee on Taxation for all revenue legislation (Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, P.L. 99-177, §273, 99 Stat.1098, December 12, 1985; 2 U.S.C. §§621 et seq.).
1723.	Figure obtained from the Annual Report of the Librarian of Congress for Fiscal Year 2016, Library of Congress, Washington, DC, 2017, p. 21. Available at https://www.loc.gov/portals/static/about/reports-and-budgets/documents/annual-reports/fy2016.pdf.
1824.	Ibid., p. 25.
1925.	Total includes a CBO estimate of a requested administrative provision related to the copyright office.
2026.	An example of receipts is fees paid to the LOC for copyright registration.
2127.	Formerly known as the Government Printing Office. For additional information on GPO, see CRS Report R45014, Government Printing, Publications, and Digital Information Management: Issues and Challenges.
2228.	The FY2015 act renamed these accounts: (1) the former congressional printing and binding account was renamed congressional publishing, (2) the former Office of Superintendent of Documents (salaries and expenses) account was renamed Public Information Programs of the Superintendent of Documents (salaries and expenses), and (3) the revolving fund was renamed the Government Publishing Office Business Operations Revolving Fund.
2329.	For additional information, see CRS Report R40939, Legislative Branch Revolving Funds, by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed].
2430.	GAO's guidelines for initiating studies are contained in U.S. Government Accountability Office, GAO's Congressional Protocols, GAO-04-310G (Washington: GAO, 2004), at http://www.gao.gov/special.pubs/d04310g.pdf.
2531.	Offsetting collections include funds derived from reimbursable audits and rental of space in the GAO building.
2632.	P.L. 106-554, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-120, December 21, 2000; P.L. 108-7, 117 Stat. 382, February 20, 2003. According to the 2003 act, the additional countries include "any country specified in §3 of the FREEDOM Support Act (22 U.S.C. 5801)," and "Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania." The countries specified in 22 U.S.C. 5801 are Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.
2733.	P.L. 108-447, 118 Stat. 3192, December 8, 2004.
2834.	U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Legislative Branch Appropriations, 2017, report to accompany H.R. 5325, 114th Cong., 2nd sess., May 25, 2016, H.Rept. 114-594 (Washington: GPO, 2016).
2935.	Additionally, a budget amendment submitted by Open World on April 5, 2016, would have added "language inadvertently omitted" in the budget request, which would "add senior immediately before 'officials'." Neither the FY2017 act, nor the House-passed and Senate-reported bills, included this change.
3036.	Available at http://appropriations.house.gov/uploadedfiles/hrpt-114-hr-fy2016-legbranch.pdf.
3137.	U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, FY2014 Legislative Branch Appropriations Bill, H.Rept. 113-173, report to accompany H.R. 2792 (Washington: GPO, 2013), p. 20.
3238.	U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, FY2013 Legislative Branch Appropriations Bill, H.Rept. 112-511, report to accompany H.R. 5882 (Washington: GPO, 2012), p. 42.
3339.	The rescission equaled 0.032% for security programs, as defined by 250(c)(4)(B) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985.
3440.	U.S. Congress, House Appropriations Committee, FY2012 Legislative Branch Appropriations Bill, report to accompany H.R. 2551, H.Rept. 112-148 (Washington: GPO, 2011), p. 28.
3541.	U.S. Congress, Senate Appropriations Committee, FY2012 Legislative Branch Appropriations Bill, report to accompany H.R. 2551, S.Rept. 112-80 (Washington: GPO, 2011), p. 45.
3642.	U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Appropriations, Legislative Branch Appropriations Bill, 2010, H.Rept. 111-160, (Washington: GPO, 2009), p. 29.
3743.	U.S. Congress, Legislative Branch Appropriations, 2010, H.Rept. 111-265, conference report to accompany H.R. 2918 (Washington: GPO, 2009), p. 42.
3844.	Testimony of Ambassador John O'Keefe, executive director, U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch, Legislative Branch Appropriations for 2009, hearings, 110th Cong., 2nd sess., March 12, 2008 (Washington: GPO, 2008), pp. 359-420.
3945.	Congressional Record, February 23, 2009, p. H2398.
4046.	In H.R. 2771 (110th Cong.), the House-passed version of the FY2008 appropriations bill, the House Appropriations Committee recommended $6.0 million for Open World. The committee report stated that an additional $6.0 million would be provided for transfer to Open World in the FY2008 State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs appropriation. The House-passed bill, which retained the committee-recommended funding level, also contained an administrative provision transferring the Open World Leadership Center to the Department of State effective October 1, 2008. The Senate-reported bill (S. 1686, 110th Cong.) would have provided $13.5 million in new budget authority for Open World.
4147.	P.L. 110-161, 121 Stat. 2251, December 26, 2007.
4248.	Available at http://gao.gov/assets/250/241737.pdf.
4349.	2 U.S.C. 1105. See also http://www.stennis.gov/.