FY2023 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)

July 17, 2025 R48607

Basic Grants

Concentration Grants

Targeted Grants

EFIG

STATE	TOTAL ALLOCATION ($thousands)	% OF STATE'S TOTAL ALLOCATION
All States	$18,179,602
Alabama	$303,246
Alaska	$53,818
Arizona	$356,281
Arkansas	$177,372
California	$2,108,516
Colorado	$187,782
Connecticut	$156,414
Delaware	$58,187
District of Columbia	$61,296
Florida	$1,037,800
Georgia	$674,982
Hawaii	$73,084
Idaho	$62,701
Illinois	$766,836
Indiana	$286,422
Iowa	$114,425
Kansas	$120,784
Kentucky	$276,219
Louisiana	$404,062
Maine	$62,310
Maryland	$354,313
Massachusetts	$290,494
Michigan	$530,826
Minnesota	$188,504
Mississippi	$233,873
Missouri	$273,962
Montana	$57,694
Nebraska	$80,473
Nevada	$173,053
New Hampshire	$52,870
New Jersey	$465,623
New Mexico	$140,631
New York	$1,454,590
North Carolina	$523,159
North Dakota	$49,280
Ohio	$654,440
Oklahoma	$224,659
Oregon	$164,133
Pennsylvania	$762,332
Puerto Rico	$447,701
Rhode Island	$61,608
South Carolina	$285,173
South Dakota	$57,246
Tennessee	$346,346
Texas	$1,813,228
Utah	$78,722
Vermont	$42,812
Virginia	$332,344
Washington	$304,013
West Virginia	$105,342
Wisconsin	$242,679
Wyoming	$44,940

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Source: Figure prepared by CRS based on unpublished data provided by the U.S. Department of Education (ED), Budget Service. FY2023 Title I-A grant amounts were calculated by ED using the most current data available. Percentage shares of state grant FY2023 allocation amounts from each formula were calculated by CRS.

Notes: The percentages represented by the bars for each state show the share of a state's total Title I-A funding being provided under each of the four Title I-A formulas. Thus, across states the same percentage of funds being provided by a particular Title I-A formula may not correspond to an identical dollar amount of funds being provided by that formula to the relevant states. Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Percentages were calculated based on unrounded numbers. Amounts shown in the figure only reflect Title I-A funds provided to states. These amounts are determined after funds have been reserved from the total Title I-A appropriation ($18.4 billion) for the Census Bureau, Bureau of Indian Education, and outlying areas. For the purposes of Title I-A, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico are considered states. See Table A-1 for further detail on amounts and shares of state grants provided under each formula.

Table 1. FY2023 Title I-A State Grants, and Percentage Shares of Funds Received Under Each Title I-A Formula Relative to All States

(dollars in thousands)

State	Basic Grants		Concentration Grants		Targeted Grants		EFIG		Total Title I-A Grants
	Grant Amount	Percentage Share of Total Amount Available for State Grants	Grant Amount	Percentage Share of Total Amount Available for State Grants	Grant Amount	Percentage Share of Total Amount Available for State Grants	Grant Amount	Percentage Share of Total Amount Available for State Grants	Grant Amount	Percentage Share of Total Amount Available for State Grants
Total, All States	$6,383,403	100%	$1,347,316	100%	$5,224,442	100%	$5,224,442	100%	$18,179,602	100%
Alabama	$105,031	1.65%	$25,648	1.90%	$83,237	1.59%	$89,330	1.71%	$303,246	1.67%
Alaska	$17,744^a	0.28%	$2,391^a	0.18%	$16,894^a	0.32%	$16,789^a	0.32%	$53,818	0.30%
Arizona	$129,354	2.03%	$26,280	1.95%	$99,588	1.91%	$101,059	1.93%	$356,281	1.96%
Arkansas	$63,737	1.00%	$14,575	1.08%	$44,143	0.84%	$54,917	1.05%	$177,372	0.98%
California	$752,709	11.79%	$153,941	11.43%	$628,315	12.03%	$573,552	10.98%	$2,108,516	11.60%
Colorado	$70,744	1.11%	$11,389	0.85%	$51,069	0.98%	$54,581	1.04%	$187,782	1.03%
Connecticut	$60,036	0.94%	$10,895	0.81%	$36,595	0.70%	$48,889	0.94%	$156,414	0.86%
Delaware	$18,238	0.29%	$3,378^a	0.25%	$18,286^a	0.35%	$18,286^a	0.35%	$58,187	0.32%
District of Columbia	$18,271	0.29%	$4,785	0.36%	$19,954	0.38%	$18,286^a	0.35%	$61,296	0.34%
Florida	$328,837	5.15%	$83,403	6.19%	$343,721	6.58%	$281,840	5.39%	$1,037,800	5.71%
Georgia	$231,331	3.62%	$55,087	4.09%	$203,554	3.90%	$185,010	3.54%	$674,982	3.71%
Hawaii	$23,495	0.37%	$5,030	0.37%	$22,274	0.43%	$22,285	0.43%	$73,084	0.40%
Idaho	$23,236	0.36%	$2,894^a	0.21%	$18,286^a	0.35%	$18,286^a	0.35%	$62,701	0.34%
Illinois	$277,233	4.34%	$54,680	4.06%	$222,887	4.27%	$212,036	4.06%	$766,836	4.22%
Indiana	$107,412	1.68%	$20,904	1.55%	$72,218	1.38%	$85,889	1.64%	$286,422	1.58%
Iowa	$44,168	0.69%	$6,811	0.51%	$24,911	0.48%	$38,535	0.74%	$114,425	0.63%
Kansas	$46,133	0.72%	$8,389	0.62%	$28,963	0.55%	$37,298	0.71%	$120,784	0.66%
Kentucky	$96,741	1.52%	$23,187	1.72%	$73,835	1.41%	$82,456	1.58%	$276,219	1.52%
Louisiana	$135,500	2.12%	$34,565	2.57%	$121,465	2.32%	$112,533	2.15%	$404,062	2.22%
Maine	$21,954	0.34%	$3,785	0.28%	$18,286^a	0.35%	$18,286^a	0.35%	$62,310	0.34%
Maryland	$114,901	1.80%	$25,178	1.87%	$111,465	2.13%	$102,769	1.97%	$354,313	1.95%
Massachusetts	$110,397	1.73%	$18,929	1.40%	$73,856	1.41%	$87,311	1.67%	$290,494	1.60%
Michigan	$190,743	2.99%	$38,381	2.85%	$140,297	2.69%	$161,405	3.09%	$530,826	2.92%
Minnesota	$74,230	1.16%	$9,197	0.68%	$44,624	0.85%	$60,454	1.16%	$188,504	1.04%
Mississippi	$81,845	1.28%	$19,831	1.47%	$65,226	1.25%	$66,971	1.28%	$233,873	1.29%
Missouri	$103,491	1.62%	$21,334	1.58%	$68,518	1.31%	$80,619	1.54%	$273,962	1.51%
Montana	$17,744^a	0.28%	$3,378^a	0.25%	$18,286^a	0.35%	$18,286^a	0.35%	$57,694	0.32%
Nebraska	$30,120	0.47%	$4,259	0.32%	$20,783	0.40%	$25,312	0.48%	$80,473	0.44%
Nevada	$52,142	0.82%	$13,216	0.98%	$62,455	1.20%	$45,240	0.87%	$173,053	0.95%
New Hampshire	$17,744^a	0.28%	$2,528^a	0.19%	$15,904^a	0.30%	$16,695^a	0.32%	$52,870	0.29%
New Jersey	$173,999	2.73%	$31,168	2.31%	$118,377	2.27%	$142,079	2.72%	$465,623	2.56%
New Mexico	$47,688	0.75%	$12,158	0.90%	$39,447	0.76%	$41,338	0.79%	$140,631	0.77%
New York	$481,058	7.54%	$108,725	8.07%	$480,883	9.20%	$383,923	7.35%	$1,454,590	8.00%
North Carolina	$180,798	2.83%	$44,181	3.28%	$149,000	2.85%	$149,180	2.86%	$523,159	2.88%
North Dakota	$16,411^a	0.26%	$2,143^a	0.16%	$15,363^a	0.29%	$15,362^a	0.29%	$49,280	0.27%
Ohio	$235,832	3.69%	$48,188	3.58%	$171,378	3.28%	$199,043	3.81%	$654,440	3.60%
Oklahoma	$81,323	1.27%	$17,854	1.33%	$59,298	1.14%	$66,184	1.27%	$224,659	1.24%
Oregon	$62,477	0.98%	$10,265	0.76%	$39,215	0.75%	$52,176	1.00%	$164,133	0.90%
Pennsylvania	$277,296	4.34%	$53,823	3.99%	$214,174	4.10%	$217,040	4.15%	$762,332	4.19%
Puerto Rico	$152,616	2.39%	$39,681	2.95%	$126,248	2.42%	$129,155	2.47%	$447,701	2.46%
Rhode Island	$21,385	0.34%	$3,652	0.27%	$18,286^a	0.35%	$18,286^a	0.35%	$61,608	0.34%
South Carolina	$99,300	1.56%	$24,087	1.79%	$78,110	1.50%	$83,676	1.60%	$285,173	1.57%
South Dakota	$17,744^a	0.28%	$2,931^a	0.22%	$18,286^a	0.35%	$18,286^a	0.35%	$57,246	0.31%
Tennessee	$121,294	1.90%	$27,954	2.07%	$96,690	1.85%	$100,409	1.92%	$346,346	1.91%
Texas	$621,205	9.73%	$142,110	10.55%	$532,781	10.20%	$517,132	9.90%	$1,813,228	9.97%
Utah	$31,227	0.49%	$3,156^a	0.23%	$18,544	0.35%	$25,795	0.49%	$78,722	0.43%
Vermont	$14,068^a	0.22%	$2,029^a	0.15%	$13,321^a	0.25%	$13,394^a	0.26%	$42,812	0.24%
Virginia	$123,798	1.94%	$23,623	1.75%	$91,812	1.76%	$93,111	1.78%	$332,344	1.83%
Washington	$116,640	1.83%	$17,301	1.28%	$71,613	1.37%	$98,459	1.88%	$304,013	1.67%
West Virginia	$37,825	0.59%	$8,956	0.66%	$25,494	0.49%	$33,066	0.63%	$105,342	0.58%
Wisconsin	$89,283	1.40%	$13,134	0.97%	$62,165	1.19%	$78,097	1.49%	$242,679	1.33%
Wyoming	$14,873^a	0.23%	$1,947^a	0.14%	$14,066^a	0.27%	$14,055^a	0.27%	$44,940	0.25%

Source: Table prepared by CRS based on unpublished data provided by the U.S. Department of Education (ED), Budget Service. FY2023 Title I-A grant amounts were calculated by ED using the most current data available. Percentage shares of FY2023 allocation amounts were calculated by CRS.

Notes: Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Percentages were calculated based on unrounded numbers. Amounts shown in the table only reflect Title I-A funds provided to states. These amounts are determined after funds have been reserved from the total Title I-A appropriation ($18.4 billion) for the Census Bureau, Bureau of Indian Education, and outlying areas. For the purposes of Title I-A, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico are considered states.

a. The state received only a minimum state grant under this Title I-A formula.

Appendix. Comparison of FY2023 Title I-A State Grants by Amount and Share of State Grant Provided Under Each Formula

Table A-1. FY2023 Title I-A State Grants by Amount and
Share of State Grant Provided Under Each Formula

(dollars in thousands)

State	Basic Grants		Concentration Grants		Targeted Grants		EFIG		Total Title I-A Grants
	Grant Amount	Percentage Share of Total State Grant	Grant Amount	Percentage Share of Total State Grant	Grant Amount	Percentage Share of Total State Grant	Grant Amount	Percentage Share of Total State Grant	Grant Amount	Percentage Share of Total State Grant
Total, All States	$6,383,403	35.11%	$1,347,316	7.41%	$5,224,442	28.74%	$5,224,442	28.74%	$18,179,602	100.00%
Alabama	$105,031	34.64%	$25,648	8.46%	$83,237	27.45%	$89,330	29.46%	$303,246	100.00%
Alaska	$17,744^a	32.97%	$2,391^a	4.44%	$16,894^a	31.39%	$16,789^a	31.20%	$53,818	100.00%
Arizona	$129,354	36.31%	$26,280	7.38%	$99,588	27.95%	$101,059	28.36%	$356,281	100.00%
Arkansas	$63,737	35.93%	$14,575	8.22%	$44,143	24.89%	$54,917	30.96%	$177,372	100.00%
California	$752,709	35.70%	$153,941	7.30%	$628,315	29.80%	$573,552	27.20%	$2,108,516	100.00%
Colorado	$70,744	37.67%	$11,389	6.06%	$51,069	27.20%	$54,581	29.07%	$187,782	100.00%
Connecticut	$60,036	38.38%	$10,895	6.97%	$36,595	23.40%	$48,889	31.26%	$156,414	100.00%
Delaware	$18,238	31.34%	$3,378^a	5.81%	$18,286^a	31.43%	$18,286^a	31.43%	$58,187	100.00%
District of Columbia	$18,271	29.81%	$4,785	7.81%	$19,954	32.55%	$18,286^a	29.83%	$61,296	100.00%
Florida	$328,837	31.69%	$83,403	8.04%	$343,721	33.12%	$281,840	27.16%	$1,037,800	100.00%
Georgia	$231,331	34.27%	$55,087	8.16%	$203,554	30.16%	$185,010	27.41%	$674,982	100.00%
Hawaii	$23,495	32.15%	$5,030	6.88%	$22,274	30.48%	$22,285	30.49%	$73,084	100.00%
Idaho	$23,236	37.06%	$2,894^a	4.62%	$18,286^a	29.16%	$18,286^a	29.16%	$62,701	100.00%
Illinois	$277,233	36.15%	$54,680	7.13%	$222,887	29.07%	$212,036	27.65%	$766,836	100.00%
Indiana	$107,412	37.50%	$20,904	7.30%	$72,218	25.21%	$85,889	29.99%	$286,422	100.00%
Iowa	$44,168	38.60%	$6,811	5.95%	$24,911	21.77%	$38,535	33.68%	$114,425	100.00%
Kansas	$46,133	38.19%	$8,389	6.95%	$28,963	23.98%	$37,298	30.88%	$120,784	100.00%
Kentucky	$96,741	35.02%	$23,187	8.39%	$73,835	26.73%	$82,456	29.85%	$276,219	100.00%
Louisiana	$135,500	33.53%	$34,565	8.55%	$121,465	30.06%	$112,533	27.85%	$404,062	100.00%
Maine	$21,954	35.23%	$3,785	6.07%	$18,286^a	29.35%	$18,286^a	29.35%	$62,310	100.00%
Maryland	$114,901	32.43%	$25,178	7.11%	$111,465	31.46%	$102,769	29.01%	$354,313	100.00%
Massachusetts	$110,397	38.00%	$18,929	6.52%	$73,856	25.42%	$87,311	30.06%	$290,494	100.00%
Michigan	$190,743	35.93%	$38,381	7.23%	$140,297	26.43%	$161,405	30.41%	$530,826	100.00%
Minnesota	$74,230	39.38%	$9,197	4.88%	$44,624	23.67%	$60,454	32.07%	$188,504	100.00%
Mississippi	$81,845	35.00%	$19,831	8.48%	$65,226	27.89%	$66,971	28.64%	$233,873	100.00%
Missouri	$103,491	37.78%	$21,334	7.79%	$68,518	25.01%	$80,619	29.43%	$273,962	100.00%
Montana	$17,744^a	30.76%	$3,378^a	5.86%	$18,286^a	31.69%	$18,286^a	31.69%	$57,694	100.00%
Nebraska	$30,120	37.43%	$4,259	5.29%	$20,783	25.83%	$25,312	31.45%	$80,473	100.00%
Nevada	$52,142	30.13%	$13,216	7.64%	$62,455	36.09%	$45,240	26.14%	$173,053	100.00%
New Hampshire	$17,744^a	33.56%	$2,528^a	4.78%	$15,904^a	30.08%	$16,695^a	31.58%	$52,870	100.00%
New Jersey	$173,999	37.37%	$31,168	6.69%	$118,377	25.42%	$142,079	30.51%	$465,623	100.00%
New Mexico	$47,688	33.91%	$12,158	8.65%	$39,447	28.05%	$41,338	29.39%	$140,631	100.00%
New York	$481,058	33.07%	$108,725	7.47%	$480,883	33.06%	$383,923	26.39%	$1,454,590	100.00%
North Carolina	$180,798	34.56%	$44,181	8.45%	$149,000	28.48%	$149,180	28.52%	$523,159	100.00%
North Dakota	$16,411^a	33.30%	$2,143^a	4.35%	$15,363^a	31.18%	$15,362^a	31.17%	$49,280	100.00%
Ohio	$235,832	36.04%	$48,188	7.36%	$171,378	26.19%	$199,043	30.41%	$654,440	100.00%
Oklahoma	$81,323	36.20%	$17,854	7.95%	$59,298	26.39%	$66,184	29.46%	$224,659	100.00%
Oregon	$62,477	38.06%	$10,265	6.25%	$39,215	23.89%	$52,176	31.79%	$164,133	100.00%
Pennsylvania	$277,296	36.37%	$53,823	7.06%	$214,174	28.09%	$217,040	28.47%	$762,332	100.00%
Puerto Rico	$152,616	34.09%	$39,681	8.86%	$126,248	28.20%	$129,155	28.85%	$447,701	100.00%
Rhode Island	$21,385	34.71%	$3,652	5.93%	$18,286^a	29.68%	$18,286^a	29.68%	$61,608	100.00%
South Carolina	$99,300	34.82%	$24,087	8.45%	$78,110	27.39%	$83,676	29.34%	$285,173	100.00%
South Dakota	$17,744^a	31.00%	$2,931^a	5.12%	$18,286^a	31.94%	$18,286^a	31.94%	$57,246	100.00%
Tennessee	$121,294	35.02%	$27,954	8.07%	$96,690	27.92%	$100,409	28.99%	$346,346	100.00%
Texas	$621,205	34.26%	$142,110	7.84%	$532,781	29.38%	$517,132	28.52%	$1,813,228	100.00%
Utah	$31,227	39.67%	$3,156^a	4.01%	$18,544	23.56%	$25,795	32.77%	$78,722	100.00%
Vermont	$14,068^a	32.86%	$2,029^a	4.74%	$13,321^a	31.12%	$13,394^a	31.29%	$42,812	100.00%
Virginia	$123,798	37.25%	$23,623	7.11%	$91,812	27.63%	$93,111	28.02%	$332,344	100.00%
Washington	$116,640	38.37%	$17,301	5.69%	$71,613	23.56%	$98,459	32.39%	$304,013	100.00%
West Virginia	$37,825	35.91%	$8,956	8.50%	$25,494	24.20%	$33,066	31.39%	$105,342	100.00%
Wisconsin	$89,283	36.79%	$13,134	5.41%	$62,165	25.62%	$78,097	32.18%	$242,679	100.00%
Wyoming	$14,873^a	33.10%	$1,947^a	4.33%	$14,066^a	31.30%	$14,055^a	31.27%	$44,940	100.00%

a. The state received only a minimum state grant under this Title I-A formula.

The interactive graphic in this report was created by CRS Visual Information Specialist Amber Wilhelm.

Footnotes

1.	Title I-A is officially titled "Improving Basic Programs Operated by Local Educational Agencies" in the ESEA, but it is commonly referred to as Title I-A.
2.	For the purposes of Title I-A, the term states includes the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.
3.	A CRS report on FY2024 Title I-A grants will be forthcoming when FY2025 appropriations data are available from ED.
4.	This report continues a series of annual reports on Title I-A state grants. Similar analyses are available for FY2015 through FY2022: CRS Report R47598, FY2022 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA); CRS Report R47111, FY2021 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA); CRS Report R47078, FY2020 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA); CRS Report R46269, FY2019 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA); CRS Report R45662, FY2018 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA); CRS Report R44873, FY2017 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA); CRS Report R44486, FY2016 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA); CRS Report R44097, FY2015 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA).
5.	The analysis presented in this report is based on unpublished data provided to CRS by ED on November 15, 2023. As such, CRS is unable to present the specific underlying data used to determine Title I-A grants for a given state.
6.	Division H, Title III of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-328).
7.	Individual grant formula appropriations may not add to $18.4 billion due to rounding.
8.	From the appropriation for Basic Grants, $5 million was reserved for the U.S. Census Bureau to provide the data needed to determine Title I-A grant amounts. The amount reserved for this purpose is specified annually in the Department of Education appropriations act. From the remaining funds, a statutorily determined 1.1% was reserved from the appropriations for each of the four formulas for the Bureau of Indian Education and the outlying areas. For the purposes of Title I-A, the outlying areas include American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
9.	The two factors are the equity and effort factors. For more information about these factors, see CRS Report R48165, The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), as Amended by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA): An Analytical Review of the Allocation Formulas.
10.	SAIPE produces single-year estimates of income and poverty for all U.S. states and counties as well as estimates of school-age children in poverty for all 13,000+ school districts.
11.	For a description of the TANF program, see CRS In Focus IF10036, The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant.
12.	For example, during the 2021-2022 school year, there were 4,149 independent charter districts in the United States (ED, National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, 2022, Table 214.30, https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d22/tables/dt22_214.30.asp). Independent charter districts are not included in the SAIPE dataset used by ED to calculate Title I-A grants, so ED is unable to calculate grant amounts for these LEAs.
13.	For more information about the characteristics of the Title I-A formulas and how they affect grant amounts, see CRS Report R45141, Analysis of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act Title I-A Allocation Formulas: Factors, Design Elements, and Allocation Patterns.
14.	Under the Targeted Grant and EFIG formulas, weights are applied to formula child counts on the basis of (1) each LEA's formula child rate (commonly referred to as percentage weighting), and (2) each LEA's number of formula children (commonly referred to as number weighting). Under both percentage weighting and number weighting, a weighted formula child count is produced. The higher of the two weighted formula child counts for a given LEA is then used in the formula for determining grants. For more information about the Title I-A formulas, see CRS Report R44461, Allocation of Funds Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act.
15.	This is due to the equity factor used in the EFIG formula. For more information about this factor, see CRS Report R44461, Allocation of Funds Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act.
16.	Each of the minimum grant provisions included in the four Title I-A formulas have multiple minimum grant calculation formulas. By law, the calculation option that produces the lowest grant is chosen for each state, resulting in states that benefit from the minimum state grant provisions receiving different shares of the same Title I-A formula appropriation.

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Jul. 17, 2025

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