FY2023 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)

FY2023 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)

Basic Grants

Concentration Grants

Targeted Grants

EFIG

STATE
TOTAL ALLOCATION
($thousands)
% OF STATE'S TOTAL ALLOCATION

All States
$18,179,602

Alabama
$303,246

Alaska
$53,818

Arizona
$356,281

Arkansas
$177,372

California
$2,108,516

Colorado
$187,782

Connecticut
$156,414

Delaware
$58,187

District of Columbia
$61,296

Florida
$1,037,800

Georgia
$674,982

Hawaii
$73,084

Idaho
$62,701

Illinois
$766,836

Indiana
$286,422

Iowa
$114,425

Kansas
$120,784

Kentucky
$276,219

Louisiana
$404,062

Maine
$62,310

Maryland
$354,313

Massachusetts
$290,494

Michigan
$530,826

Minnesota
$188,504

Mississippi
$233,873

Missouri
$273,962

Montana
$57,694

Nebraska
$80,473

Nevada
$173,053

New Hampshire
$52,870

New Jersey
$465,623

New Mexico
$140,631

New York
$1,454,590

North Carolina
$523,159

North Dakota
$49,280

Ohio
$654,440

Oklahoma
$224,659

Oregon
$164,133

Pennsylvania
$762,332

Puerto Rico
$447,701

Rhode Island
$61,608

South Carolina
$285,173

South Dakota
$57,246

Tennessee
$346,346

Texas
$1,813,228

Utah
$78,722

Vermont
$42,812

Virginia
$332,344

Washington
$304,013

West Virginia
$105,342

Wisconsin
$242,679

Wyoming
$44,940

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Source: Figure prepared by CRS based on unpublished data provided by the U.S. Department of Education (ED), Budget Service. FY2023 Title I-A grant amounts were calculated by ED using the most current data available. Percentage shares of state grant FY2023 allocation amounts from each formula were calculated by CRS.

Notes: The percentages represented by the bars for each state show the share of a state's total Title I-A funding being provided under each of the four Title I-A formulas. Thus, across states the same percentage of funds being provided by a particular Title I-A formula may not correspond to an identical dollar amount of funds being provided by that formula to the relevant states. Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Percentages were calculated based on unrounded numbers. Amounts shown in the figure only reflect Title I-A funds provided to states. These amounts are determined after funds have been reserved from the total Title I-A appropriation ($18.4 billion) for the Census Bureau, Bureau of Indian Education, and outlying areas. For the purposes of Title I-A, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico are considered states. See Table A-1 for further detail on amounts and shares of state grants provided under each formula.

Table 1. FY2023 Title I-A State Grants, and Percentage Shares of Funds Received Under Each Title I-A Formula Relative to All States

(dollars in thousands)

State

Basic Grants

Concentration Grants

Targeted Grants

EFIG

Total Title I-A Grants

Grant Amount

Percentage Share of Total Amount Available for State Grants

Grant Amount

Percentage Share of Total Amount Available for State Grants

Grant Amount

Percentage Share of Total Amount Available for State Grants

Grant Amount

Percentage Share of Total Amount Available for State Grants

Grant Amount

Percentage Share of Total Amount Available for State Grants

Total, All States

$6,383,403

100%

$1,347,316

100%

$5,224,442

100%

$5,224,442

100%

$18,179,602

100%

Alabama

$105,031

1.65%

$25,648

1.90%

$83,237

1.59%

$89,330

1.71%

$303,246

1.67%

Alaska

$17,744a

0.28%

$2,391a

0.18%

$16,894a

0.32%

$16,789a

0.32%

$53,818

0.30%

Arizona

$129,354

2.03%

$26,280

1.95%

$99,588

1.91%

$101,059

1.93%

$356,281

1.96%

Arkansas

$63,737

1.00%

$14,575

1.08%

$44,143

0.84%

$54,917

1.05%

$177,372

0.98%

California

$752,709

11.79%

$153,941

11.43%

$628,315

12.03%

$573,552

10.98%

$2,108,516

11.60%

Colorado

$70,744

1.11%

$11,389

0.85%

$51,069

0.98%

$54,581

1.04%

$187,782

1.03%

Connecticut

$60,036

0.94%

$10,895

0.81%

$36,595

0.70%

$48,889

0.94%

$156,414

0.86%

Delaware

$18,238

0.29%

$3,378a

0.25%

$18,286a

0.35%

$18,286a

0.35%

$58,187

0.32%

District of Columbia

$18,271

0.29%

$4,785

0.36%

$19,954

0.38%

$18,286a

0.35%

$61,296

0.34%

Florida

$328,837

5.15%

$83,403

6.19%

$343,721

6.58%

$281,840

5.39%

$1,037,800

5.71%

Georgia

$231,331

3.62%

$55,087

4.09%

$203,554

3.90%

$185,010

3.54%

$674,982

3.71%

Hawaii

$23,495

0.37%

$5,030

0.37%

$22,274

0.43%

$22,285

0.43%

$73,084

0.40%

Idaho

$23,236

0.36%

$2,894a

0.21%

$18,286a

0.35%

$18,286a

0.35%

$62,701

0.34%

Illinois

$277,233

4.34%

$54,680

4.06%

$222,887

4.27%

$212,036

4.06%

$766,836

4.22%

Indiana

$107,412

1.68%

$20,904

1.55%

$72,218

1.38%

$85,889

1.64%

$286,422

1.58%

Iowa

$44,168

0.69%

$6,811

0.51%

$24,911

0.48%

$38,535

0.74%

$114,425

0.63%

Kansas

$46,133

0.72%

$8,389

0.62%

$28,963

0.55%

$37,298

0.71%

$120,784

0.66%

Kentucky

$96,741

1.52%

$23,187

1.72%

$73,835

1.41%

$82,456

1.58%

$276,219

1.52%

Louisiana

$135,500

2.12%

$34,565

2.57%

$121,465

2.32%

$112,533

2.15%

$404,062

2.22%

Maine

$21,954

0.34%

$3,785

0.28%

$18,286a

0.35%

$18,286a

0.35%

$62,310

0.34%

Maryland

$114,901

1.80%

$25,178

1.87%

$111,465

2.13%

$102,769

1.97%

$354,313

1.95%

Massachusetts

$110,397

1.73%

$18,929

1.40%

$73,856

1.41%

$87,311

1.67%

$290,494

1.60%

Michigan

$190,743

2.99%

$38,381

2.85%

$140,297

2.69%

$161,405

3.09%

$530,826

2.92%

Minnesota

$74,230

1.16%

$9,197

0.68%

$44,624

0.85%

$60,454

1.16%

$188,504

1.04%

Mississippi

$81,845

1.28%

$19,831

1.47%

$65,226

1.25%

$66,971

1.28%

$233,873

1.29%

Missouri

$103,491

1.62%

$21,334

1.58%

$68,518

1.31%

$80,619

1.54%

$273,962

1.51%

Montana

$17,744a

0.28%

$3,378a

0.25%

$18,286a

0.35%

$18,286a

0.35%

$57,694

0.32%

Nebraska

$30,120

0.47%

$4,259

0.32%

$20,783

0.40%

$25,312

0.48%

$80,473

0.44%

Nevada

$52,142

0.82%

$13,216

0.98%

$62,455

1.20%

$45,240

0.87%

$173,053

0.95%

New Hampshire

$17,744a

0.28%

$2,528a

0.19%

$15,904a

0.30%

$16,695a

0.32%

$52,870

0.29%

New Jersey

$173,999

2.73%

$31,168

2.31%

$118,377

2.27%

$142,079

2.72%

$465,623

2.56%

New Mexico

$47,688

0.75%

$12,158

0.90%

$39,447

0.76%

$41,338

0.79%

$140,631

0.77%

New York

$481,058

7.54%

$108,725

8.07%

$480,883

9.20%

$383,923

7.35%

$1,454,590

8.00%

North Carolina

$180,798

2.83%

$44,181

3.28%

$149,000

2.85%

$149,180

2.86%

$523,159

2.88%

North Dakota

$16,411a

0.26%

$2,143a

0.16%

$15,363a

0.29%

$15,362a

0.29%

$49,280

0.27%

Ohio

$235,832

3.69%

$48,188

3.58%

$171,378

3.28%

$199,043

3.81%

$654,440

3.60%

Oklahoma

$81,323

1.27%

$17,854

1.33%

$59,298

1.14%

$66,184

1.27%

$224,659

1.24%

Oregon

$62,477

0.98%

$10,265

0.76%

$39,215

0.75%

$52,176

1.00%

$164,133

0.90%

Pennsylvania

$277,296

4.34%

$53,823

3.99%

$214,174

4.10%

$217,040

4.15%

$762,332

4.19%

Puerto Rico

$152,616

2.39%

$39,681

2.95%

$126,248

2.42%

$129,155

2.47%

$447,701

2.46%

Rhode Island

$21,385

0.34%

$3,652

0.27%

$18,286a

0.35%

$18,286a

0.35%

$61,608

0.34%

South Carolina

$99,300

1.56%

$24,087

1.79%

$78,110

1.50%

$83,676

1.60%

$285,173

1.57%

South Dakota

$17,744a

0.28%

$2,931a

0.22%

$18,286a

0.35%

$18,286a

0.35%

$57,246

0.31%

Tennessee

$121,294

1.90%

$27,954

2.07%

$96,690

1.85%

$100,409

1.92%

$346,346

1.91%

Texas

$621,205

9.73%

$142,110

10.55%

$532,781

10.20%

$517,132

9.90%

$1,813,228

9.97%

Utah

$31,227

0.49%

$3,156a

0.23%

$18,544

0.35%

$25,795

0.49%

$78,722

0.43%

Vermont

$14,068a

0.22%

$2,029a

0.15%

$13,321a

0.25%

$13,394a

0.26%

$42,812

0.24%

Virginia

$123,798

1.94%

$23,623

1.75%

$91,812

1.76%

$93,111

1.78%

$332,344

1.83%

Washington

$116,640

1.83%

$17,301

1.28%

$71,613

1.37%

$98,459

1.88%

$304,013

1.67%

West Virginia

$37,825

0.59%

$8,956

0.66%

$25,494

0.49%

$33,066

0.63%

$105,342

0.58%

Wisconsin

$89,283

1.40%

$13,134

0.97%

$62,165

1.19%

$78,097

1.49%

$242,679

1.33%

Wyoming

$14,873a

0.23%

$1,947a

0.14%

$14,066a

0.27%

$14,055a

0.27%

$44,940

0.25%

Source: Table prepared by CRS based on unpublished data provided by the U.S. Department of Education (ED), Budget Service. FY2023 Title I-A grant amounts were calculated by ED using the most current data available. Percentage shares of FY2023 allocation amounts were calculated by CRS.

Notes: Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Percentages were calculated based on unrounded numbers. Amounts shown in the table only reflect Title I-A funds provided to states. These amounts are determined after funds have been reserved from the total Title I-A appropriation ($18.4 billion) for the Census Bureau, Bureau of Indian Education, and outlying areas. For the purposes of Title I-A, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico are considered states.

a. The state received only a minimum state grant under this Title I-A formula.

Appendix. Comparison of FY2023 Title I-A State Grants by Amount and Share of State Grant Provided Under Each Formula

Table A-1. FY2023 Title I-A State Grants by Amount and
Share of State Grant Provided Under Each Formula

(dollars in thousands)

State

Basic Grants

Concentration Grants

Targeted Grants

EFIG

Total Title I-A Grants

Grant Amount

Percentage Share of Total State Grant

Grant Amount

Percentage Share of Total State Grant

Grant Amount

Percentage Share of Total State Grant

Grant Amount

Percentage Share of Total State Grant

Grant Amount

Percentage Share of Total State Grant

Total, All States

$6,383,403

35.11%

$1,347,316

7.41%

$5,224,442

28.74%

$5,224,442

28.74%

$18,179,602

100.00%

Alabama

$105,031

34.64%

$25,648

8.46%

$83,237

27.45%

$89,330

29.46%

$303,246

100.00%

Alaska

$17,744a

32.97%

$2,391a

4.44%

$16,894a

31.39%

$16,789a

31.20%

$53,818

100.00%

Arizona

$129,354

36.31%

$26,280

7.38%

$99,588

27.95%

$101,059

28.36%

$356,281

100.00%

Arkansas

$63,737

35.93%

$14,575

8.22%

$44,143

24.89%

$54,917

30.96%

$177,372

100.00%

California

$752,709

35.70%

$153,941

7.30%

$628,315

29.80%

$573,552

27.20%

$2,108,516

100.00%

Colorado

$70,744

37.67%

$11,389

6.06%

$51,069

27.20%

$54,581

29.07%

$187,782

100.00%

Connecticut

$60,036

38.38%

$10,895

6.97%

$36,595

23.40%

$48,889

31.26%

$156,414

100.00%

Delaware

$18,238

31.34%

$3,378a

5.81%

$18,286a

31.43%

$18,286a

31.43%

$58,187

100.00%

District of Columbia

$18,271

29.81%

$4,785

7.81%

$19,954

32.55%

$18,286a

29.83%

$61,296

100.00%

Florida

$328,837

31.69%

$83,403

8.04%

$343,721

33.12%

$281,840

27.16%

$1,037,800

100.00%

Georgia

$231,331

34.27%

$55,087

8.16%

$203,554

30.16%

$185,010

27.41%

$674,982

100.00%

Hawaii

$23,495

32.15%

$5,030

6.88%

$22,274

30.48%

$22,285

30.49%

$73,084

100.00%

Idaho

$23,236

37.06%

$2,894a

4.62%

$18,286a

29.16%

$18,286a

29.16%

$62,701

100.00%

Illinois

$277,233

36.15%

$54,680

7.13%

$222,887

29.07%

$212,036

27.65%

$766,836

100.00%

Indiana

$107,412

37.50%

$20,904

7.30%

$72,218

25.21%

$85,889

29.99%

$286,422

100.00%

Iowa

$44,168

38.60%

$6,811

5.95%

$24,911

21.77%

$38,535

33.68%

$114,425

100.00%

Kansas

$46,133

38.19%

$8,389

6.95%

$28,963

23.98%

$37,298

30.88%

$120,784

100.00%

Kentucky

$96,741

35.02%

$23,187

8.39%

$73,835

26.73%

$82,456

29.85%

$276,219

100.00%

Louisiana

$135,500

33.53%

$34,565

8.55%

$121,465

30.06%

$112,533

27.85%

$404,062

100.00%

Maine

$21,954

35.23%

$3,785

6.07%

$18,286a

29.35%

$18,286a

29.35%

$62,310

100.00%

Maryland

$114,901

32.43%

$25,178

7.11%

$111,465

31.46%

$102,769

29.01%

$354,313

100.00%

Massachusetts

$110,397

38.00%

$18,929

6.52%

$73,856

25.42%

$87,311

30.06%

$290,494

100.00%

Michigan

$190,743

35.93%

$38,381

7.23%

$140,297

26.43%

$161,405

30.41%

$530,826

100.00%

Minnesota

$74,230

39.38%

$9,197

4.88%

$44,624

23.67%

$60,454

32.07%

$188,504

100.00%

Mississippi

$81,845

35.00%

$19,831

8.48%

$65,226

27.89%

$66,971

28.64%

$233,873

100.00%

Missouri

$103,491

37.78%

$21,334

7.79%

$68,518

25.01%

$80,619

29.43%

$273,962

100.00%

Montana

$17,744a

30.76%

$3,378a

5.86%

$18,286a

31.69%

$18,286a

31.69%

$57,694

100.00%

Nebraska

$30,120

37.43%

$4,259

5.29%

$20,783

25.83%

$25,312

31.45%

$80,473

100.00%

Nevada

$52,142

30.13%

$13,216

7.64%

$62,455

36.09%

$45,240

26.14%

$173,053

100.00%

New Hampshire

$17,744a

33.56%

$2,528a

4.78%

$15,904a

30.08%

$16,695a

31.58%

$52,870

100.00%

New Jersey

$173,999

37.37%

$31,168

6.69%

$118,377

25.42%

$142,079

30.51%

$465,623

100.00%

New Mexico

$47,688

33.91%

$12,158

8.65%

$39,447

28.05%

$41,338

29.39%

$140,631

100.00%

New York

$481,058

33.07%

$108,725

7.47%

$480,883

33.06%

$383,923

26.39%

$1,454,590

100.00%

North Carolina

$180,798

34.56%

$44,181

8.45%

$149,000

28.48%

$149,180

28.52%

$523,159

100.00%

North Dakota

$16,411a

33.30%

$2,143a

4.35%

$15,363a

31.18%

$15,362a

31.17%

$49,280

100.00%

Ohio

$235,832

36.04%

$48,188

7.36%

$171,378

26.19%

$199,043

30.41%

$654,440

100.00%

Oklahoma

$81,323

36.20%

$17,854

7.95%

$59,298

26.39%

$66,184

29.46%

$224,659

100.00%

Oregon

$62,477

38.06%

$10,265

6.25%

$39,215

23.89%

$52,176

31.79%

$164,133

100.00%

Pennsylvania

$277,296

36.37%

$53,823

7.06%

$214,174

28.09%

$217,040

28.47%

$762,332

100.00%

Puerto Rico

$152,616

34.09%

$39,681

8.86%

$126,248

28.20%

$129,155

28.85%

$447,701

100.00%

Rhode Island

$21,385

34.71%

$3,652

5.93%

$18,286a

29.68%

$18,286a

29.68%

$61,608

100.00%

South Carolina

$99,300

34.82%

$24,087

8.45%

$78,110

27.39%

$83,676

29.34%

$285,173

100.00%

South Dakota

$17,744a

31.00%

$2,931a

5.12%

$18,286a

31.94%

$18,286a

31.94%

$57,246

100.00%

Tennessee

$121,294

35.02%

$27,954

8.07%

$96,690

27.92%

$100,409

28.99%

$346,346

100.00%

Texas

$621,205

34.26%

$142,110

7.84%

$532,781

29.38%

$517,132

28.52%

$1,813,228

100.00%

Utah

$31,227

39.67%

$3,156a

4.01%

$18,544

23.56%

$25,795

32.77%

$78,722

100.00%

Vermont

$14,068a

32.86%

$2,029a

4.74%

$13,321a

31.12%

$13,394a

31.29%

$42,812

100.00%

Virginia

$123,798

37.25%

$23,623

7.11%

$91,812

27.63%

$93,111

28.02%

$332,344

100.00%

Washington

$116,640

38.37%

$17,301

5.69%

$71,613

23.56%

$98,459

32.39%

$304,013

100.00%

West Virginia

$37,825

35.91%

$8,956

8.50%

$25,494

24.20%

$33,066

31.39%

$105,342

100.00%

Wisconsin

$89,283

36.79%

$13,134

5.41%

$62,165

25.62%

$78,097

32.18%

$242,679

100.00%

Wyoming

$14,873a

33.10%

$1,947a

4.33%

$14,066a

31.30%

$14,055a

31.27%

$44,940

100.00%

Source: Table prepared by CRS based on unpublished data provided by the U.S. Department of Education (ED), Budget Service. FY2023 Title I-A grant amounts were calculated by ED using the most current data available. Percentage shares of FY2023 allocation amounts were calculated by CRS.

Notes: Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Percentages were calculated based on unrounded numbers. Amounts shown in the table only reflect Title I-A funds provided to states. These amounts are determined after funds have been reserved from the total Title I-A appropriation ($18.4 billion) for the Census Bureau, Bureau of Indian Education, and outlying areas. For the purposes of Title I-A, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico are considered states.

a. The state received only a minimum state grant under this Title I-A formula.

The interactive graphic in this report was created by CRS Visual Information Specialist Amber Wilhelm.

Footnotes

1.

Title I-A is officially titled "Improving Basic Programs Operated by Local Educational Agencies" in the ESEA, but it is commonly referred to as Title I-A.

2.

For the purposes of Title I-A, the term states includes the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.

3.

A CRS report on FY2024 Title I-A grants will be forthcoming when FY2025 appropriations data are available from ED.

4.

This report continues a series of annual reports on Title I-A state grants. Similar analyses are available for FY2015 through FY2022: CRS Report R47598, FY2022 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA); CRS Report R47111, FY2021 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA); CRS Report R47078, FY2020 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA); CRS Report R46269, FY2019 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA); CRS Report R45662, FY2018 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA); CRS Report R44873, FY2017 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA); CRS Report R44486, FY2016 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA); CRS Report R44097, FY2015 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA).

5.

The analysis presented in this report is based on unpublished data provided to CRS by ED on November 15, 2023. As such, CRS is unable to present the specific underlying data used to determine Title I-A grants for a given state.

6.

Division H, Title III of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-328).

7.

Individual grant formula appropriations may not add to $18.4 billion due to rounding.

8.

From the appropriation for Basic Grants, $5 million was reserved for the U.S. Census Bureau to provide the data needed to determine Title I-A grant amounts. The amount reserved for this purpose is specified annually in the Department of Education appropriations act. From the remaining funds, a statutorily determined 1.1% was reserved from the appropriations for each of the four formulas for the Bureau of Indian Education and the outlying areas. For the purposes of Title I-A, the outlying areas include American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

9.

The two factors are the equity and effort factors. For more information about these factors, see CRS Report R48165, The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), as Amended by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA): An Analytical Review of the Allocation Formulas.

10.

SAIPE produces single-year estimates of income and poverty for all U.S. states and counties as well as estimates of school-age children in poverty for all 13,000+ school districts.

11.

For a description of the TANF program, see CRS In Focus IF10036, The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant.

12.

For example, during the 2021-2022 school year, there were 4,149 independent charter districts in the United States (ED, National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, 2022, Table 214.30, https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d22/tables/dt22_214.30.asp). Independent charter districts are not included in the SAIPE dataset used by ED to calculate Title I-A grants, so ED is unable to calculate grant amounts for these LEAs.

13.

For more information about the characteristics of the Title I-A formulas and how they affect grant amounts, see CRS Report R45141, Analysis of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act Title I-A Allocation Formulas: Factors, Design Elements, and Allocation Patterns.

14.

Under the Targeted Grant and EFIG formulas, weights are applied to formula child counts on the basis of (1) each LEA's formula child rate (commonly referred to as percentage weighting), and (2) each LEA's number of formula children (commonly referred to as number weighting). Under both percentage weighting and number weighting, a weighted formula child count is produced. The higher of the two weighted formula child counts for a given LEA is then used in the formula for determining grants. For more information about the Title I-A formulas, see CRS Report R44461, Allocation of Funds Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act.

15.

This is due to the equity factor used in the EFIG formula. For more information about this factor, see CRS Report R44461, Allocation of Funds Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act.

16.

Each of the minimum grant provisions included in the four Title I-A formulas have multiple minimum grant calculation formulas. By law, the calculation option that produces the lowest grant is chosen for each state, resulting in states that benefit from the minimum state grant provisions receiving different shares of the same Title I-A formula appropriation.