Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption: 1988 to 2025

Updated January 31, 2025

Congressional Research Service

https://crsreports.congress.gov

RL34498

Congressional Research Service

SUMMARY

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption: 1988 to 2025

This report tracks changes in federal individual income tax brackets, the standard deduction, and the personal exemption since 1988. All three tax items have been indexed for inflation since 1981. The report also explains how tax provisions are adjusted for inflation. The table below shows the levels that are to apply in 2025.

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deductions, and Personal Exemption: 1988 to 2026

Updated April 21, 2026 (RL34498) Jump to Main Text of Report

Contents

• Introduction
• Overview of Key Individual Income Tax Items
• Tax Rates and Brackets
• Personal Exemption
• Itemized Deductions and the Standard Deduction
• Inflation, Bracket Creep, and Indexation
• Tax Tables from 1988 to 2026

Tables

• Table 1. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Temporary Senior Deduction, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2026
• Table 2. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Temporary Senior Deduction, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2025
• Table 3. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2024
• Table 4. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitations on Itemized Deductions, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2023
• Table 5. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2022
• Table 6. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2021
• Table 7. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2020
• Table 8. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2019
• Table 9. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2018
• Table 10. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2017
• Table 11. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2016
• Table 12. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2015
• Table 13. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2014
• Table 14. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2013
• Table 15. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2012
• Table 16. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2011
• Table 17. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2010
• Table 18. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2009
• Table 19. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2008
• Table 20. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2007
• Table 21. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2006
• Table 22. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2005
• Table 23. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Phaseout of the Personal Exemption, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2004
• Table 24. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2003
• Table 25. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Phaseout of Personal Exemption, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2002
• Table 26. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Phaseout of Personal Exemption, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2001
• Table 27. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Phaseout of Personal Exemption, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2000
• Table 28. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Phaseout of Personal Exemption, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 1999
• Table 29. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Phaseout of Personal Exemption, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 1998
• Table 30. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Phaseout of Personal Exemption, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 1997
• Table 31. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Phaseout of Personal Exemption, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 1996
• Table 32. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions. Phaseout of Personal Exemption, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 1995
• Table 33. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Phaseout of Personal Exemption, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 1994
• Table 34. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 1993
• Table 35. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Phaseout of Personal Exemption, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 1992
• Table 36. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Phaseout of Personal Exemption, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 1991
• Table 37. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 1990
• Table 38. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 1989
• Table 39. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 1988

Appendixes

• Appendix. Brief Summary of Major Legislation Affecting Individual Statutory Rates Since 1986

Summary

This report tracks changes in federal individual income tax brackets, the standard deduction, and the personal exemption since 1988. All three tax items have been indexed for inflation since 1981, though the personal exemption is not currently in effect. The report also explains how tax provisions are adjusted for inflation. The table below, which also includes the new temporary senior deduction, shows the levels that are to apply in 2026.

Current statutory tax rates have evolved from the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA86; P.L. 99-514) and several tax laws enacted since then. Of particular importance have been the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (OBRA90; P.L. 101- 508),508); the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 (OBRA93; P.L. 103-66),); the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (EGTRRA; P.L. 107-16),); the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 (TRUC; P.L. 111-312),); the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA, ; P.L. 112-240), and); the tax rate changes in the 2017 tax revision (P.L. 115-97), also, popularly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act).

; and the FY2025 reconciliation law (P.L. 119-21), also known as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act.

Seven statutory individual income tax rates arehave been in effect from 2018 to 2025since 2018: 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35%, and 37%. Starting in 2026, these rates are scheduled to revert to their 2017 levels. Each rate applies to a different range of income, and that range constitutes a tax bracket. A taxpayer’'s tax liability is the sum total of the tax from each of the tax brackets his or hertheir taxable income covers. This means that someone’'s average tax rate (i.e., total tax owed divided by total income) is less than her or histheir top marginal tax rate (i.e., the tax on an additional dollar of income); the marginal and average tax rates are the same (10%) for taxpayers subject to the lowest tax bracket. For example, if the federal income tax had no deductions, exemptions, exclusions, and credits, and Mary has a taxable income of $20,000 and half of that amount is taxed at 10% and half at 15%, her tax liability would equal [($10,000 x× 0.10) + ($10,000 x× 0.15)], or $2,500. Mary’'s average tax rate would be 12.5% ($2,500 divided by $20,000), while her top marginal rate would be 15%.

(This is an intentionally simplified example and is not intended to represent the current tax code.)

Over 50 federal income tax provisions are indexed for inflation. These include the tax brackets, the personal exemption (which is unavailable until 2026 under current law), and the standard deduction. Indexation reduces the risk of bracket creep, which happens when someone’'s tax liability increases because of a larger increase in that taxpayer’'s nominal income than his or hertheir real income. Until 2018, indexation of these items was based on annual changes in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U). Under P.L. 115-97, however, Congress permanently switched the inflation adjustment to the Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U), starting in 2018. Some experts believe that the latter index provides a more accurate measure of inflation among consumer goods and services than the CPI-U.

A sole provision in the table below, the temporary senior deduction, is not indexed to inflation. Personal Exemption

Personal Exemptions, Standard Deductions, Temporary Senior Deduction, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Personal

Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2025

Personal Exemption and Phaseout Threshold:

$0

(Suspended through the end of 2025)

Standard Deduction:

Joint $30,000

Single $15,000

Head of Household $22,500

and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2026

Personal Exemption:

$0

(Permanently repealed under current law)

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$32,200

Single

$16,100

Head of Household

$24,150

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Individual $1,600

Individual

$1,650

Individual who is unmarried and not a surviving spouse

$2,000

RL34498

January 31, 2025

Brendan McDermott Analyst in Public Finance

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 1

Introduction

$2,050

Temporary Senior Deduction (2025-2028):

Individual age 65 or older

$6,000 per qualifying individualReduced by 6% of modified adjusted gross income above $75,000 for individuals Reduced by 6% of modified adjusted gross income above $150,000 for joint filers

Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

Itemized deductions are reduced by 2/37ths of the lesser of (1) the total value of itemized deductions claimed; or(2) the amount by which the sum of taxable income and all itemized deductions exceeds the threshold at which the 37% bracket begins.

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2026

Joint Returns

If taxable income is:

Then, tax is:

$0 to $24,800

10% of the amount over $0

over $24,800 to $100,800

$2,480 + 12% of the amount over $24,800

over $100,800 to $211,400

$11,600 + 22% of the amount over $100,800

over $211,400 to $403,550

$35,932 + 24% of the amount over $211,400

over $403,550 to $512,450

$82,048 + 32% of the amount over $403,550

over $512,450 to $768,700

$116,896 + 35% of the amount over $512,450

over $768,700

$206,583.50 + 37% of the amount over $768,700

Single Returns

If taxable income is:

Then, tax is:

$0 to $12,400

10% of the amount over $0

over $12,400 to $50,400

$1,240 + 12% of the amount over $12,400

over $50,400 to $105,700

$5,800 + 22% of the amount over $50,400

over $105,700 to $201,775

$17,966 + 24% of the amount over $105,700

over $201,775 to $256,225

$41,024 + 32% of the amount over $201,775

over $256,225 to $640,600

$58,448 + 35% of the amount over $256,225

over $640,600

$192,979.25 + 37% of the amount over $640,600

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is:

Then, tax is:

$0 to $17,700

10% of the amount over $0

over $17,700 to $67,450

$1,770 + 12% of the amount over $17,700

over $67,450 to $105,700

$7,740 + 22% of the amount over $67,450

over $105,700 to $201,750

$16,155 + 24% of the amount over $105,700

over $201,750 to $256,200

$39,207 + 32% of the amount over $201,750

over $256,200 to $640,600

$56,631 + 35% of the amount over $256,200

over $640,600

$191,171 + 37% of the amount over $640,600

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2025-32 and P.L. 119-21.

Introduction

U.S. citizens and residents are subject to a federal income tax on their worldwide income.¹ Their taxable income is equal to gross income from numerous sources (including wages, pass-through business profits, long-term capital gains, and dividends) less certain exclusions, exemptions, and deductions. An individual taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income (AGI) is determined by subtracting certain “"above-the-line”" deductions from gross income.² Taxable income is determined by reducing a taxpayer’'s AGI by the standard deduction or the sum of that person’the taxpayer's itemized deductions, whichever amount is greater. In 2023, approximately 89.2% of taxpayers (generally low- and middle-income taxpayers) claimed the standard deduction, while 9.4% (generally high-income taxpayers) claimed itemized deductions.³ Certain other deductions may be claimed by both itemizers and taxpayers claiming the standard deduction. Taxpayers who own a pass-through business (i.e., partnership, S corporation, limited liability company, or sole proprietorship) may also be able to lower their taxable income by claiming the deduction for pass-through business income under Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 199A. Then the appropriate marginal tax rate is applied to determine an individual’s income tax liability. A taxpayer may face additional tax liability if she or he is subject to the alternative minimum tax.³Other temporary deductions of this type enacted in the FY2025 reconciliation law (P.L. 119-21; also known as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act) include the senior deduction (for individuals age 65 or older) and the deductions for tip income, overtime pay, and car loan interest.⁴ Taxpayers who are not itemizing their deductions may also use the charitable giving deduction for nonitemizers and/or additional standard deduction amounts for the elderly and blind to further reduce their taxable incomes. The appropriate marginal tax rates are then applied to an individual's taxable income to determine their income tax liability. A taxpayer may face additional tax liability if they are subject to the alternative minimum tax.⁵ The tax owed may be reduced by any credits (e.g., earned income tax credit and child tax credit) a taxpayer is allowed to claim.

This report provides a brief overview of the role these tax items play in calculating tax liability under the regular income tax. It does not cover situations involving more complicated tax calculations, such as income subject to the alternative minimum tax or income from long-term capital gains and qualified dividends. The report also considers the rationale for indexing these elements for inflation and the current mechanism for doing so. It concludes with a year-by-year summary from 1988 to 20252026 of the personal exemption and limitations on it, the standard deduction and limitations on itemized deductions, and statutory tax rates and brackets, through a series of tables.

The tables for 2025 and 2026 also include the temporary senior deduction in place through the end of 2028.

An Appendix summarizes the federal tax laws (going back to P.L. 99-514) that introduced the changes in the tax elements examined here. The current federal income tax is a product of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 and changes in tax law enacted since then.

Overview of Key Individual Income Tax Items

Tax Rates and Brackets

At the core of the federal individual income tax are the tax brackets. A bracket refers to an income tax rate and the range of taxable income to which the rate applies. All taxable income within a bracket is taxed at that rate. A taxpayer’'s tax liability before credits is the sum total of the tax within each bracket that applies to someone’stheir taxable income. For example, assume that a single filer has a taxable income of $20,000 and that half that amount is taxed at 10% while the other half is taxed at 15%. (This is an intentionally simplified example and is not intended to represent the current tax code.) The taxpayer's tax liability is $2,500: [($10,000 x 0.1) + ($10,000 x 0.15) = ($1,000 + $1,500) = $2,500]. Consequently, the taxpayer's average tax rate (12.5%) is lower than their top marginal rate (15%).⁶ Tax brackets are adjusted for inflation each year, and individual income tax rates are progressive, which means that marginal rates increase as a taxpayer's income goes up. Personal Exemption Before 2018, each taxpayer was allowed to reduce their taxable income. For example, assume that a single filer has a taxable income of $20,000. The person’s first $10,000 would be taxed at 10% under current law, and the second $10,000 would be taxed at 15%. Her tax liability is $2,500: [($10,000

1 For more information on the taxation of noncitizen resident, see CRS Report R43840, Federal Income Taxes and Noncitizens: Frequently Asked Questions, by Erika K. Lunder and Margot L. Crandall-Hollick. Congressional offices can request this report from Brendan McDermott.

2 These deductions include trade or business expenses, losses from the sale or exchange of property, contributions to a qualified retirement plan by a self-employed individual, contributions to qualified individual retirement accounts, and certain education costs. In 2020 and 2021, taxpayers who claim the standard deduction (or nonitemizers) may be able to claim a deduction for charitable cash contributions. For more details, see CRS Insight IN11420, Temporary Enhancements to Charitable Contributions Deductions in the CARES Act, by Jane G. Gravelle, and CRS Report R46649, The COVID-Related Tax Relief Act of 2020 and Other COVID-Related Tax Provisions in P.L. 116-260, by Molly F. Sherlock et al.

3 For more information on the alternative minimum tax for individuals, see CRS In Focus IF10705, Tax Reform: The Alternative Minimum Tax, by Donald J. Marples.

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x 0.1) + ($10,000 x 0.15) = ($1,000 + $1,500) = $2,500]. Consequently, her average tax rate (12.5%) is lower than her top marginal rate (15%).⁴ Tax brackets are adjusted for inflation each year, and individual income tax rates are progressive, which means that the rate increases as a taxpayer’s income goes up.

Personal Exemption

Before 2018, each taxpayer was allowed to reduce gross income by a fixed amount (known as an exemption) for herself or himself, a spouse, and all qualified dependents. The amount of the exemption was the same for every individual and was indexed for inflation. In 2017, the amount was $4,050 per person. The personal exemption iswas temporarily suspended from 2018 through 2025, but are to be reinstated starting in 2026 if current tax law is not changed by thenand then was permanently suspended under the FY2025 reconciliation law. For all but three years (2010- 2012) from 1991 to 2017, the exemption was phased out for taxpayers with incomeincomes above a threshold amount.

Itemized Deductions and the Standard Deduction

In computing taxable income, individuals are allowed to reduce their gross incomeAGI by either the standard deduction or the sum of their itemized deductions, whichever amount is larger. The standard deduction varies by filing status and is indexed for inflation. In 20252026, the standard deduction is $15,00016,100 for single filers and married persons filing separately, $22,50024,150 for a head of household, and $30,00032,200 for a married couple filing jointly andor for a surviving spouses. spouse. Taxpayers who are 65 or older ("elderly") and/or blind are eligible for an additional standard deduction. In 20242026, that amount is $1,600650 for each spouse amongfor joint filers and $2,000050 for a single filer or head of household.

Taxpayers who are both elderly and blind may claim the deduction twice. In addition, for tax years 2025 through 2028, taxpayers age 65 and over may claim a deduction of $6,000 per senior. The deduction may be claimed by itemizers and nonitemizers alike.

Instead of taking the standard deduction, a taxpayer may itemize certain deductions. In 20252026, these deductions include up to $10,00040,400 for a combination of state and local property taxes and state and local sales or income taxes paid;⁵7 home mortgage interest paid on mortgage debt of $750,000 or less;⁶8 eligible charitable contributions above 0.5% of AGI; certain investment interest; medical expenses above 7.5% of a taxpayer’'s AGI; and casualty and theft losses related to federally declared and certain state-declared disasters in excess of both 10% of AGI and $100 per loss.⁷9 Before 2018, taxpayers were also allowed a deduction for miscellaneous itemized expenses (e.g., certain job-related expenses not paid by an employer) above 2% of AGI, but P.L. 115-97 suspended the deduction from 2018 through 2025, and the FY2025 reconciliation law eliminated it permanently beginning in 2026. Like the personal exemption, the total amount allowed for total itemized deductions began to phase out from 1991 to 2017 (except in 2010 to -2012) for higher-income taxpayers with income above a threshold amount, which varied by filing status.

Inflation, Bracket Creep, and Indexation

Tax brackets, the personal exemption (which ishas been unavailable from 2018 to 2025since 2018), and the standard deduction have been indexed for inflation since 1981. Indexing prevents individuals from moving into a higher tax bracket because of inflation, not because of increases in real incomeWithout indexing, taxpayers could find themselves in a higher tax bracket not because their real income has increased, but because of inflation; indexing prevents such "bracket creep" (discussed further below). Indexation was done with the Consumer Price Index for Urban Consumers (CPI-U) until 2018. Since then,

4 For more information on the difference between marginal and average income tax rates, see CRS Report R44787, Statutory, Average, and Effective Marginal Tax Rates in the Federal Individual Income Tax: Background and Analysis, by Molly F. Sherlock.

5 See CRS Report R46246, The SALT Cap: Overview and Analysis, by Grant A. Driessen and Joseph S. Hughes.

6 For more information, see CRS In Focus IF11540, The Mortgage Interest Deduction, by Mark P. Keightley.

7 See CRS Report R45864, Tax Policy and Disaster Recovery, by Molly F. Sherlock and Jennifer Teefy.

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the Chained CPI-U (C-CPI-U) isthe Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U) has been used to make inflation adjustments. Some maintain that the C- CPI-U provides a more accurate measure of the rate of price change for consumer products and services than the CPI-U.⁸

10

During periods of rising or relatively high inflation, an income tax based on tax brackets measured only in current (or nominal) dollars could lead to unintended tax increases. This can happen when nominal incomes rise faster than real incomes, pushing taxpayers into a higher tax bracket through a process known as bracket creep. The process can result in largerhigher individual income tax burdens than lawmakers may have intended when they established the statutory rates.

The effects of inflation on income tax liabilities can be considerable, even in periods of low inflation. For example, $1,000 in October 1988 had the same buying power as $2,626 in October 2023726 in 2025, using the CPI-U to adjust for inflation.⁹11 Year-to-year changes in general price levels did not exceed 3.4% between 1992 and 2020. But substantial rises in the U.S. inflation rate in 2021 and 2022 led to a 7.0% increase in the income ranges for each tax bracket in 2023 (relative to 2022) and a 5.5% increase in 2024 (relative to 2023). The increase in 2025 (relative to 2024) was 2.8%. Thus, taxpayers whose 2025 taxable income is 16% greater than their 2022 taxable income would be taxed at the same inflation-adjusted rate in 2022 and 2025, holding all else equal. However, filers whose 2025 taxable income is less than 16% larger than their taxable income in 2022 would see their inflation-adjusted income tax liability fall.Inflation has moderated since then,¹² and the FY2025 reconciliation law provided additional increases (beyond the rate of inflation) to the standard deduction, the amount of income taxed at the 10% bracket, and the amount taxed at the 12% bracket.¹³

Congress added indexation to the federal income tax as a part of a package of statutory tax rate reductions included in the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981. The relatively high U.S. inflation rate then influenced congressional deliberations on the benefits of tax indexation.¹⁰14 As the Joint Committee on Taxation noted in its explanation of the act:

, "The Congress believed that “automatic”'automatic' tax increases resulting from the effects of inflation were unfair to taxpayers, since their tax burden as a percentage of income could increase during intervals between tax reduction legislation, with an adverse effect on incentives to work and invest.¹¹

"¹⁵

For tax years before 2018, the inflation adjustment reflected the percentage by which the average CPI-U in the 12 months ending on August 31 of the preceding year exceeded the average CPI-U during a 12-month base period. Not all indexed tax items used the same base period.

Since 2018, a different price index has been used to adjust income tax items for inflation. Under P.L. 115-97, the Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U) permanently replaced the CPI-U for this purpose.

(As noted above, certain tax items—including the standard deduction, the 10% bracket, and the 12% bracket—increased by more than the rate of inflation from 2024 to 2026.)

Some analysts argued that the CPI-U overstated risesincreases in the cost of living because it did not account for changes consumers make in their buying patterns when the prices of certain items in a standard market basket move up or down by significant amounts. In theirsome items move up or down more than the prices of other items. In these analysts' view, not accounting for this substitution effect tended to overstate the impact of inflation on consumer behavior over time.

8 CRS Report R43347, Budgetary and Distributional Effects of Adopting the Chained CPI, by Donald J. Marples.

9 Bureau of Labor Statistics, CPI Inflation Calculator, http://www.bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm/.

10 The CPI-U rose 8.92% in 1981, following a rise of 12.51% in the previous year. By contrast, the average U.S. inflation rate, as measured by the CPI-U, from 1980 to 2019 was 2.96%.

11 U.S. Congress, Joint Committee on Taxation, General Explanation of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981, JCS- 71-81, December 31, 1981, as redistributed by CCH Internet Tax Research NetWork.

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consumers' real incomes.

The C-CPI-U may be better at capturing changes in consumer spending patterns in response to price changes.¹²16 The index compares details about what a consumer bought in the period before a price change with details about what he or shethe consumer buys in the period after the change. Using the C- CPI-U, the BLS calculates one measure of inflation for the first-period basket and a second measure of inflation for the second-period basket and then takes the average. The C-CPI-U does this every month, creating an index that links consumer demand changes from month to month and tracks shifts in consumer buying patterns over time and among basket items.

Because the C-CPI-U accounts for the tendency of consumers to substitute cheaper items for items whose prices have risenrespond to changes in relative prices by making substitutions, it produces lower estimates of the rate of increase in the cost of living over time than the CPI-U does. From December 20142015 to December 20242025, for example, the C-CPI-U rose 31%, compared to a 34% increase in the CPI-U.

33%, while the CPI-U rose 37%.

Using the C-CPI-U to adjust income tax items for inflation could cause greater bracket creep than the CPI-U would. Because the C-CPI-U increases more slowly than the CPI-U, tax bracket thresholds are likely to rise by smaller amounts from one year to the next. In this case, more taxpayers would be at risk of moving into higher tax brackets than they would under the CPI-U, assuming their taxable income increases faster than the C-CPI-U. Accelerated bracket creep would result in an increase in federal tax revenue over time, all other things being equal. The Joint Committee on Taxation estimated that the revenue gain from switching to the C-CPI-U would total $134 billion from FY2018 to FY2027.¹³

The year-to-year changes in dollar amounts were relatively small from 1992 to 2020. However, during periods of high inflation, indexation may prevent large inflation-adjusted increases in tax liability for taxpayers with consistent real incomes.

17

Since 1981, when Congress first authorized indexing of various individual income tax items for inflation, the list of indexed elements has expanded and now encompasses more than 50 tax items. Not all of the items pertain to individuals, and not all elements of the individual income tax are indexed for inflation.

Tax Tables from 1988 to 2025 2026

The following tables present the personal exemption and phaseout threshold amounts, standard deductions, limitations on itemized deductions, and statutory marginal tax rates schedules for each tax year from 20252026 back to 1988.

Table 1. Personal Exemptions, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax

Rates, 2025

Personal Exemption and Phaseout Threshold:

$0

(Suspended through the end of 2025)

Standard Deduction:

Joint $30,000

Single $15,000

12 CRS Report RL32293, The Chained Consumer Price Index: What Is It and Would It Be Appropriate for Cost-of- Living Adjustments?, by Julie M. Whittaker.

13 U.S. Congress, Joint Committee on Taxation, General Explanation of P.L. 115-97, JCS-1-18 (Washington: GPO, 2018), p. 434.

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Table 2. Personal Exemptions Table 1 and Table 2 also include information on the temporary senior deduction for individuals age 65 and older; under current law, that deduction applies to tax years 2025-2028. A tax year represents the year for which a given tax obligation is incurred, which (for individuals) differs from the year in which taxes are filed. For example, the information presented in Table 2 applies to tax year 2025, for which taxes were filed in early 2026; similarly, Table 1 applies to tax year 2026, but could be described as applying to filing year 2027. Table 1. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Temporary Senior Deduction, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2026

Personal Exemption:

$0

(Permanently repealed under current law)

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$32,200

Single

$16,100

Head of Household

$24,150

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Individual

$1,650

Individual who is unmarried and not a surviving spouse

$2,050

Temporary Senior Deduction (2025 to 2028):

Individual age 65 or older:

$6,000 per qualifying individualReduced by 6% of modified AGI above $75,000 for individuals Reduced by 6% of modified AGI above $150,000 for joint filers

Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

Itemized deductions are reduced by 2/37ths of the lesser of (1) the total value of itemized deductions claimed; or(2) the amount by which the sum of taxable income and all itemized deductions exceeds the threshold at which the 37% bracket begins.

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2026

Joint Returns

If taxable income is:

Then, tax is:

$0 to $24,800

10% of the amount over $0

over $24,800 to $100,800

$2,480 + 12% of the amount over $24,800

over $100,800 to $211,400

$11,600 + 22% of the amount over $100,800

over $211,400 to $403,550

$35,932 + 24% of the amount over $211,400

over $403,550 to $512,450

$82,048 + 32% of the amount over $403,550

over $512,450 to $768,700

$116,896 + 35% of the amount over $512,450

over $768,700

$206,583.50 + 37% of the amount over $768,700

Single Returns

If taxable income is:

Then, tax is:

$0 to $12,400

10% of the amount over $0

over $12,400 to $50,400

$1,240 + 12% of the amount over $12,400

over $50,400 to $105,700

$5,800 + 22% of the amount over $50,400

over $105,700 to $201,775

$17,966 + 24% of the amount over $105,700

over $201,775 to $256,225

$41,024 + 32% of the amount over $201,775

over $256,225 to $640,600

$58,448 + 35% of the amount over $256,225

over $640,600

$192,979.25 + 37% of the amount over $640,600

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is:

Then, tax is:

$0 to $17,700

10% of the amount over $0

over $17,700 to $67,450

$1,770 + 12% of the amount over $17,700

over $67,450 to $105,700

$7,740 + 22% of the amount over $67,450

over $105,700 to $201,750

$16,155 + 24% of the amount over $105,700

over $201,750 to $256,200

$39,207 + 32% of the amount over $201,750

over $256,200 to $640,600

$56,631 + 35% of the amount over $256,200

over $640,600

$191,171 + 37% of the amount over $640,600

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2025-32 and P.L. 119-21.

Table 2. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Temporary Senior Deduction, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, and Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2025 Personal Exemption:

$0

(Suspended through 2025; permanently repealed starting in 2026)

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$31,500

Single

$15,750

Head of Household

$23,625

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Individual

$1,600

Individual who is unmarried and not a surviving spouse

$2,000

Temporary Senior Deduction (2025 to 2028):

Individual age 65 or older:

$6,000 per qualifying individualReduced by 6% of modified AGI above $75,000 for individuals Reduced by 6% of modified AGI above $150,000 for joint filers

Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

Suspended through the end of 2025

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2025

Joint Returns

If taxable income is:

Then, tax is:

$0 to $23,850

10% of the amount over $0

over $23,850 to $96,950

$2,385 + 12% of the amount over $23,850

over $96,950 to $206,700

$11,157 + 22% of the amount over $96,950

over $206,700 to $394,600

$35,302 + 24% of the amount over $206,700

over $394,600 to $501,050

$80,398 + 32% of the amount over $394,600

over $501,050 to $751,600

$114,162 + 35% of the amount over $501,050

over $751,600

$202,154.50 + 37% of the amount over $751,600

Single Returns

If taxable income is:

Then, tax is:

$0 to $11,925

10% of the amount over $0

over $11,925 to $48,475

$1,192.50 + 12% of the amount over $11,925

over $48,475 to $103,350

$5,578.50 + 22% of the amount over $48,475

over $103,350 to $197,300

$17,651 + 24% of the amount over $103,350

over $197,300 to $250,525

$40,199 + 32% of the amount over $197,300

over $250,525 to $626,350

$57,231 + 35% of the amount over $250,525

over $626,350

$188,769.75 + 37% of the amount over $626,350

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is:

Then, tax is:

$0 to $17,000

10% of the amount over $0

over $17,000 to $64,850

$1,700 + 12% of the amount over $17,000

over $64,850 to $103,350

$7,442 + 22% of the amount over $64,850

over $103,350 to $197,300

$15,912 + 24% of the amount over $103,350

over $197,300 to $250,500

$38,460 + 32% of the amount over $197,300

over $250,500 to $626,350

$55,484 + 35% of the amount over $250,500

over $626,350

$187,031.50 + 37% of the amount over $626,350

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2024-40, IRS Revenue Procedure 2025-32, and P.L. 119-21.

Table 3. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized Deductions, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax

Rates, 2024

Personal Exemption and Phaseout Threshold:

$0

(suspended through the end of 2025)

Standard Deduction:

Joint $29,200

Single $14,600

Head of Household $21,900

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Individual $1,550

Rates, 2024

Personal Exemption:

$0

(Suspended through 2025; permanently repealed starting in 2026)

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$29,200

Single

$14,600

Head of Household

$21,900

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Individual

$1,550

Individual who is unmarried and not a surviving spouse

$1,950

Limitation on Itemized Deductions: Suspended through the end of 2025

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2024

Joint Returns

2024

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $23,200 10% of the amount over $0

over $23,200 to $94,300 $2,320 + 12% of the amount over $23,200

over $94,300 to $201,050 $10,852 + 22% of the amount over $94,300

over $201,050 to $383,900 $34,337 + 24% of the amount over $201,050

over $383,900 to $487,450 $78,221 + 32% of the amount over $383,900

over $487,450 to $731,200 $111,357 + 35% of the amount over $487,450

over $731,200 $196,669.50 + 37% of the amount over $731,200

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $11,600 10% of the amount over $0

over $11,600 to $47,150 $1,160 + 12% of the amount over $11,600

over $47,150 to $100,525 $5,426 + 22% of the amount over $47,150

over $100,525 to $191,950 $17,168.50 + 24% of the amount over $100,525

over $191,950 to $243,725 $39,110.50 + 32% of the amount over $191,950

over $243,725 to $609,350 $55,678.50 + 35% of the amount over $243,725

over $609,350 $183,647.25 + 37% of the amount over $609,350

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $16,550 10% of the amount over $0

over $16,550 to $63,100 $1,655 + 12% of the amount over $16,550

over $63,100 to $100,500 $7,241 + 22% of the amount over $63,100

over $100,500 to $191,950 $15,469 + 24% of the amount over $100,500

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 7

over $191,950 to $243,700 $37,417 + 32% of the amount over $191,950

over $243,700 to $609,350 $53,997 + 35% of the amount over $243,700

over $609,350 $181,954.50 + 37% of the amount over $609,350

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2023-34.

Table 3. Personal Exemptions and P.L. 119-21. Table 4. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitations on Itemized

Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout ThresholdsDeductions, and Statutory Marginal Tax

Rates, 2023

Personal Exemption and Phaseout Threshold:

$0

(suspended through the end of 2025)

Standard Deduction:

Joint $27,700

Single $13,850

Head of Household $20,800

Rates, 2023

Personal Exemption:

$0

(Suspended through 2025; permanently repealed starting in 2026)

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$27,700

Single

$13,850

Head of Household

$20,800

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Individual $1,500

Individual

$1,500

Individual who is unmarried and not a surviving spouse

$1,850

Limitation on Itemized Deductions: Suspended through the end of 2025

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2023

Joint Returns

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $22,000 10% of the amount over $0

over $22,000 to $89,450 $2,200 + 12% of the amount over $22,000

over $89,450 to $190,750 $10,294 + 22% of the amount over $89,450

over $190,750 to $364,200 $32,580 + 24% of the amount over $190,750

over $364,200 to $462,500 $74,208 + 32% of the amount over $364,200

over $462,500 to $693,750 $105,664 + 35% of the amount over $462,500

over $693,750 $186,601 + 37% of the amount over $693,750

Single Returns

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $11,000 10% of the amount over $0

over $11,000 to $44,725 $1,100 + 12% of the amount over $11,000

over $44,725 to $95,375 $5,147 + 22% of the amount over $44,725

over $95,375 to $182,100 $16,290 + 24% of the amount over $95,375

over $182,100 to $231,250 $37,104 + 32% of the amount over $182,100

over $231,250 to $578,125 $52,832 + 35% of the amount over $231,250

over $578,125 $174,238.25 + 37% of the amount over $578,125

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 8

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $15,700 10% of the amount over $0

over $15,700 to $59,850 $1,570 + 12% of the amount over $15,700

over $59,850 to $95,350 $6,868 + 22% of the amount over $59,850

over $95,350 to $182,100 $14,678 + 24% of the amount over $95,350

over $182,100 to $231,250 $35,498 + 32% of the amount over $182,100

over $231,250 to $578,100 $51,226 + 35% of the amount over $231,250

over $578,100 $172,623 + 37% of the amount over $578,100

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2022-38.

Table 4. Personal Exemptions and P.L. 119-21. Table 5. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout ThresholdsDeductions, and Statutory Marginal Tax

Rates, 2022

Personal Exemption and Phaseout: $0

(suspended through the end of 2025)

Standard Deduction:

Joint $25,900

Single $12,950

Head of Household $19,400

:

$0

(Suspended through 2025; permanently repealed starting in 2026)

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$25,900

Single

$12,950

Head of Household

$19,400

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint (each spouse) $1,400

$1,400

Single/Head of Household $1,750

$1,750

Limitation on Itemized Deductions: Suspended through the end of 2025

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2022

Joint Returns

2022

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $20,550 10% of the amount over $0

over $20,550 to $83,550 $2,055 + 12% of the amount over $20,550

over $83,550 to $178,150 $9,615 + 22% of the amount over $83,550

over $178,150 to $340,100 $30,427 + 24% of the amount over $178,150

over $340,100 to $431,900 $69,295 + 32% of the amount over $340,100

over $431,900 to $647,850 $98,671 + 35% of the amount over $431,900

over $647,850 $174,253.50 + 37% of the amount over $647,850

Single Returns

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $10,275 10% of the amount over $0

over $10,275 to $41,775 $1,027.50 + 12% of the amount over $10,275

over $41,775 to $89,075 $4,807.50 + 22% of the amount over $41,775

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 9

over $89,075 to $170,050 $15,213.50 + 24% of the amount over $89,075

over $170,050 to $215,950 $34,647.50 + 32% of the amount over $170,050

over $215,950 to $539,900 $49,335.50 + 35% of the amount over $215,950

over $539,900 $162,718 + 37% of the amount over $539,900

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $14,650 10% of the amount over $0

over $14,650 to $55,900 $1,465 + 12% of the amount over $14,650

over $55,900 to $89,050 $6,415 + 22% of the amount over $55,900

over $89,050 to $170,050 $13,708 + 24% of the amount over $89,050

over $170,050 to $215,950 $33,148 + 32% of the amount over $170,050

over $215,950 to $539,900 $47,836 + 35% of the amount over $215,950

over $539,900 $161,218.50 + 37% of the amount over $539,900

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2021-45.

Table 5. Personal Exemptions and P.L. 119-21. Table 6. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout ThresholdsDeductions, and Statutory Marginal Tax

Rates, 2021

Personal Exemption and Phaseout: $0

(suspended through the end of 2025)

Standard Deduction:

Joint $25,100

Single $12,550

Head of Household $18,800

Rates, 2021

Personal Exemption:

$0

(Suspended through 2025; permanently repealed starting in 2026)

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$25,100

Single

$12,550

Head of Household

$18,800

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint (each spouse) $1,350

Single/Head of Household $1,700

$1,350

Single/Head of Household

$1,700

Limitation on Itemized Deductions: Suspended through the end of 2025

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2021

Joint Returns

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $19,900 10% of the amount over $0

over $19,900 to $81,050 $1,990 + 12% of the amount over $19,900

over $81,050 to $172,750 $9,328 + 22% of the amount over $81,050

over $172,750 to $329,850 $29,502 + 24% of the amount over $172,750

over $329,850 to $418,850 $67,206 + 32% of the amount over $329,850

over $418,850 to $628,300 $95,686 + 35% of the amount over $418,850

over $628,300 $168,993.50 + 37% of the amount over $628,300

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 10

Single Returns

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $9,950 10% of the amount over $0

over $9,950 to $40,525 $995 + 12% of the amount over $9,950

over $40,525 to $86,375 $4,664 + 22% of the amount over $40,525

over $86,375 to $164,900 $14,751+ 24% of the amount over $86,375

over $164,900 to $209,400 $33,603 + 32% of the amount over $164,900

over $209,400 to $523,600 $47,843 + 35% of the amount over $209,400

over $523,600 $157,804.25 + 37% of the amount over $523,600

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $14,200 10% of the amount over $0

over $14,200 to $54,200 $1,420 + 12% of the amount over $14,200

over $54,200 to $86,350 $6,220 + 22% of the amount over $54,200

over $86,350 to $164,900 $13,293 + 24% of the amount over $86,350

over $164,900 to $209,400 $32,415 + 32% of the amount over $164,900

over $209,400 to $523,600 $46,385 + 35% of the amount over $209,400

over $523,600 $156,355 + 37% of the amount over $523,600

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2020-45.

Table 6. Personal Exemptions and P.L. 119-21. Table 7. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout ThresholdsDeductions, and Statutory Marginal Tax

Rates, 2020

Personal Exemption and Phaseout: $0

(suspended through the end of 2025)

Standard Deduction:

Joint $24,800

Single $12,400

Head of Household $18,650

Rates, 2020

Personal Exemption:

$0

(Suspended through 2025; permanently repealed starting in 2026)

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$24,800

Single

$12,400

Head of Household

$18,650

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint (each spouse) $1,300

Single/Head of Household $1,650

$1,300

Single/Head of Household

$1,650

Limitation on Itemized Deductions: Suspended through the end of 2025

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2020

Joint Returns

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $19,750 10% of the amount over $0

over $19,750 to $80,250 $1,975 + 12% of the amount over $19,750

over $80,250 to $171,050 $9,235 + 22% of the amount over $80,250

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 11

over $171,050 to $326,600 $29,211 + 24% of the amount over $171,050

over $326,600 to $414,700 $66,543 + 32% of the amount over $326,600

over $414,700 to $622,050 $94,735 + 35% of the amount over $414,700

over $622,050 $167,307.50 + 37% of the amount over $622,050

Single Returns

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $9,875 10% of the amount over $0

over $9,875 to $40,125 $987.50 + 12% of the amount over $9,875

over $40,125 to $85,525 $4,617.50 + 22% of the amount over $40,125

over $85,525 to $163,300 $14,605.50 + 24% of the amount over $85,525

over $163,300 to $207,350 $33,271.50 + 32% of the amount over $163,300

over $207,350 to $518,400 $47,367.50 + 35% of the amount over $207,350

over $518,400 $156,235 + 37% of the amount over $518,400

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $14,100 10% of the amount over $0

over $14,100 to $53,700 $1,410 + 12% of the amount over $14,100

over $53,700 to $85,500 $6,612 + 22% of the amount over $53,700

over $85,500 to $163,300 $13,158 + 24% of the amount over $85,500

over $163,300 to $207,350 $31,830 + 32% of the amount over $163,300

over $207,350 to $518,400 $45,926 + 35% of the amount over $207,350

over $518,400 $154,793.50 + 37% of the amount over $518,400

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2019-44.

Table 7. Personal Exemptions and P.L. 119-21. Table 8. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout ThresholdsDeductions, and Statutory Marginal Tax

Rates, 2019

Personal Exemption and Phaseout: $0

(suspended through the end of 2025)

Standard Deduction:

Joint $24,400

Single $12,200

Head of Household $18,350

Rates, 2019

Personal Exemption:

$0

(Suspended through 2025; permanently repealed starting in 2026)

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$24,400

Single

$12,200

Head of Household

$18,350

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint (each spouse) $1,300

Single/Head of Household $1,650

Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

$1,300

Single/Head of Household

$1,650

Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

Suspended through the end of 2025

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 12

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2019

Joint Returns

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2019

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $19,400 10% of the amount over $0

over $19,400 to $78,950 $1,940 + 12% of the amount over $19,400

over $78,950 To $168,400 $9,086 + 22% of the amount over $78,950

over $168,400 to $321,450 $28,675 + 24% of the amount over $168,400

over $321,450 to $408,200 $65,497 + 32% of the amount over $321,450

over $408,200 to $612,350 $93,257 + 35% of the amount over $408,200

over $612,350 $164,709.50 + 37% of the amount over $612,350

Single Returns

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $9,700 10% of the amount over $0

over $9,700 to $39,475 $970 + 12% of the amount over $9,700

over $39,475 to $84,200 $4543 + 22% of the amount over $39,475

over $84,200 to $160,725 $14,382.50 + 24% of the amount over $84,200

over $160,725 to $204,100 $32,748.50 + 32% of the amount over $160,725

over $204,100 to $510,300 $46,628.50 + 35% of the amount over $204,100

over $510,300 $153,798.50 + 37% of the amount over $510,300

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $13,850 10% of the amount over $0

over $13,850 to $52,850 $1,385 + 12% of the amount over $13,850

over $52,850 to $84,200 $6,065 + 22% of the amount over $52,850

over $84,200 to $160,700 $12,962 + 24% of the amount over $84,200

over $160,700 to $204,100 $31,322 + 32% of the amount over $160,700

over $204,100 to $510,300 $45,210 + 35% of the amount over $204,100

over $510,300 $152,380 + 37% of the amount over $510,300

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2018-57.

Table 8. Personal Exemptions and P.L. 119-21. Table 9. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout ThresholdsDeductions, and Statutory Marginal Tax

Rates, 2018

Personal Exemption and Phaseout: $0

(suspended through the end of 2025)

Standard Deduction:

Joint $24,000

Single $12,000

Head of Household $18,000

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 13

Rates, 2018

Personal Exemption:

$0

(Suspended through 2025; permanently repealed starting in 2026)

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$24,000

Single

$12,000

Head of Household

$18,000

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint (each spouse) $1,300

Single/Head of Household $1,600

$1,300

Single/Head of Household

$1,600

Limitation on Itemized Deductions: Suspended through the end of 2025

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2018

Joint Returns

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $19,050 10% of the amount over $0

over $19,050 to $77,400 $1,905 + 12% of the amount over $19,050

over $77,400 to $165,000 $8,907 + 22% of the amount over $77,400

over $165,000 to $315,000 $28,675 + 24% of the amount over $165,000

over $315,000 to $400,000 $64,179 + 32% of the amount over $315,000

over $400,000 to $600,000 $91,379 + 35% of the amount over $400,000

over $600,000 $161,379 + 37% of the amount over $600,000

Single Returns

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $9,525 10% of the amount over $0

over $9,525 to $38,700 $952.50 + 12% of the amount over $9,525

over $38,700 to $82,500 $4,453.50 + 22% of the amount over $38,700

over $82,500 to $157,500 $14,089.50 + 24% of the amount over $82,500

over $157,500 to $200,000 $32,089.50 + 32% of the amount over $157,500

over $200,000 to $500,000 $45,689.50 + 35% of the amount over $200,000

over $500,000 $150,689.50 + 37% of the amount over $500,000

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $13,600 10% of the amount over $0

over $13,600 to $51,800 $1,360 + 12% of the amount over $13,600

over $51,800 to $82,500 $5,944 + 22% of the amount over $51,800

over $82,500 to $157,500 $12,698 + 24% of the amount over $82,500

over $157,500 to $200,000 $30,698 + 32% of the amount over $157,500

over $200,000 to $500,000 $44,298 + 35% of the amount over $200,000

over $500,000 $149,298 + 37% of the amount over $500,000

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure: 2018-18.

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 14

Table 9. Personal Exemptions and P.L. 119-21. Table 10. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax

Rates, 2017

Personal Exemption: $4,050

:

$4,050

Personal exemption began to phase out at a rate of 2% for every $2,500 a taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income exceeded these amounts:

Joint $313,800

Single $261,500

Head of Household $287,650

Standard Deduction:

Joint $12,700

Single $6,350

Head of Household $9,350

Joint

$313,800

Single

$261,500

Head of Household

$287,650

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$12,700

Single

$6,350

Head of Household

$9,350

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint (each spouse) $1,250

Single/Head of Household $1,550

$1,250

Single/Head of Household

$1,550

Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

For taxpayers whose adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeded the amounts shown below, the itemized deductions they could claim were equal to the lesser of 80% of the amount of allowable itemized deductions, or 3% of the excess of a taxpayer’'s AGI above those amounts. Deductions for medical expenses, theft and casualty losses, and investment interest were exempt from the limit.

Joint $313,800

Joint

$313,800

Head of Household

$287,650

Single

$261,500

Head of Household $287,650

Single $261,500

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2017

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $18,650 10% of the amount over $0

over $18,650 to $75,900 $1,865 + 15% of the amount over $18,650

over $75,900 to $153,100 $10,452.50 + 25% of the amount over $75,900

over $153,100 to $233,350 $28,675 + 28% of the amount over $153,100

over $233,350 to $416,700 $52,222.50 + 33% of the amount over $233,350

over $416,700 to $470,700 $112,728 + 35% of the amount over $416,700

over $470,700 $131,628 + 39.6% of the amount over $470,700

Single Returns

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $9,325 10% of the amount over $0

over $9,325 to $37,950 $932.50 + 15% of the amount over $9,325

over $37,950 to $91,900 $5,226.25 + 25% of the amount over $37,950

over $91,900 to $191,650 $18,713.75 + 28% of the amount over $91,900

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 15

over $191,650 to $416,700 $46,643.75 + 33% of the amount over $191,650

over $416,700 to $418,400 $120,910.25 + 35% of the amount over $416,700

over $418,400 $121,505.25 + 39.6% of the amount over $418,400

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $13,350 10% of the amount over $0

over $13,350 to $50,800 $1,335 + 15% of the amount over $13,350

over $50,800 to $131,200 $6,952.50 + 25% of the amount over $50,800

over $131,200 to $212,500 $27,052.50 + 28% of the amount over $131,200

over $212,500 to $416,700 $49,816.50 + 33% of the amount over $212,500

over $416,700 to $444,550 $117,202.50 + 35% of the amount over $416,700

over $444,550 $126,950 + 39.6% of the amount over $444,550

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2016-55.

Table 1011. Personal ExemptionsExemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax

Rates, 2016

Personal Exemption: $4,050

Rates, 2016

Personal Exemption:

$4,050

Personal exemption began to phase out at a rate of 2% for every $2,500 a taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income exceeded these amounts:

Joint $311,300

Head of household 2852,350

Single $259,400

Standard Deduction:

Joint $12,600

Single $6,300

Head of Household $9,300

Joint

$311,300

Head of household

$285,350

Single

$259,400

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$12,600

Single

$6,300

Head of Household

$9,300

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint (each spouse) $1,250

Single/Head of Household $1,550

$1,250

Single/Head of Household

$1,550

Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

For taxpayers whose adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeded the amounts shown below, the itemized deductions they could claim were equal to the lesser of 80% of the amount of allowable itemized deductions, or 3% of the excess of a taxpayer’'s AGI above those amounts. Deductions for medical expenses, theft and casualty losses, and investment interest were exempt from the limit.

Joint $311,300

Joint

$311,300

Head of Household

$285,350

Single

$259,400

Head of Household $285,350

Single $259,400

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 16

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2016

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $18,550 10% of the amount over $0

over $18,550 to $75,300 $1,855 + 15% of the amount over $18,550

over $75,300 to $151,900 $10,162.50 + 25% of the amount over $75,300

over $151,900 to $231,450 $28,925 + 28% of the amount over $151,900

over $231,450 to $413,350 $50,765 + 33% of the amount over $231,450

over $413,350 to $466,950 $109,587.50 + 35% of the amount over $413,350

over $466,950 $127,962.50 + 39.6% of the amount over $466,950

Single Returns

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $9,275 10% of the amount over $0

over $9,275 to $37,650 $927.50 + 15% of the amount over $9,275

over $37,650 to $91,150 $5,081.25 + 25% of the amount over $37,650

over $91,150 to $190,150 $18,193.75 + 28% of the amount over $91,150

over $190,150 to $413,350 $45,353.75 + 33% of the amount over $190,150

over $413,350 to $415,050 $117,541.25 + 35% of the amount over $413,350

over $415,050 $118,118.75 + 39.6% of the amount over$415,050

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $13,250 10% of the amount over $0

over $13,250 to $50,200 $1,325 + 15% of the amount over $13,250

over $50,200 to $130,150 $6,762.50 + 25% of the amount over $50,200

over $130,150 to $210,800 $26,300 + 28% of the amount over $130,150

over $210,800 to $413,350 $48,434 + 33% of the amount over $210,800

over $413,350 to $441,000 $113,939 + 35% of the amount over $413,350

over $441,000 $123,424 + 39.6% of the amount over $441,000

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2015-53.

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 17

Table 1112. Personal ExemptionsExemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax

Rates, 2015

Personal Exemption: $4,000

Rates, 2015

Personal Exemption:

$4,000

Personal exemption began to phase out at a rate of 2% for every $2,500 that a taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income exceeded these amounts:

Joint $309,900

Single $258,250

Head of Household $284,050

Standard Deduction:

Joint $12,600

Single $6,300

Head of Household $9,250

Joint

$309,900

Single

$258,250

Head of Household

$284,050

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$12,600

Single

$6,300

Head of Household

$9,250

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint (each spouse) $1,250

$1,250

Single/Head of Household $1,550

$1,550

Limitation on Itemized Deductions: For taxpayers whose adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeded the amounts shown below, the itemized deductions they could claim were equal to the lesser of 80% of the amount of allowable itemized deductions, or 3% of the excess of a taxpayer’'s AGI above those amounts. Deductions for medical expenses, theft and casualty losses, and investment interest were exempt from the limit.

Joint $309,900

Single $258,250

Head of Household $284,050

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2015

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $18,450 10% of the amount over $0

over $18,450 to $74,900 $1,845 + 15% of the amount over $18,4500

over $74,900 to $151,200 $10,162.50 + 25% of the amount over $74,900

over $151,200 to $230,450 $28,925 + 28% of the amount over $151,200

over $230,450 to $411,500 $50,765 + 33% of the amount over $230,450

over $411,500 to $464,850 $109,587.50 + 35% of the amount over $411,500

over $464,850 $127,962.50 + 39.6% of the amount over $464,850

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $9,225 10% of the amount over $0

over $9,225 to $37,450 $922.50 + 15% of the amount over $9,225

over $37,450 to $90,750 $5,081.25 + 25% of the amount over $37,450

over $90,750 to $189,300 $18,193.75 + 28% of the amount over $90,750

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 18

over $189,300 to $411,500 $45,353.75 + 33% of the amount over $189,300

over $411,500 to $413,200 $117,541.25 + 35% of the amount over $411,500

over $413,200 $118,118.75 + 39.6% of the amount over $413,200

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $13,150 10% of the amount over $0

over $13,150 to $50,200 $1,315+ 15% of the amount over $13,150

over $50,200 to $129,600 $6,762.50 + 25% of the amount over $50,200

over $129,600 to $209,850 $26,300 + 28% of the amount over $129,600

over $209,850 to $411,500 $48,434 + 33% of the amount over $209,850

over $411,500 to $439,000 $113,939 + 35% of the amount over $411,500

over $439,000 $123,424 + 39.6% of the amount over $439,000

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2014-61.

Table 12. Personal Exemptions

Joint

$309,900

Single

$258,250

Head of Household

$284,050

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2015

Joint Returns

If taxable income is:

Then, tax is:

$0 to $18,450

10% of the amount over $0

over $18,450 to $74,900

$1,845 + 15% of the amount over $18,4500

over $74,900 to $151,200

$10,162.50 + 25% of the amount over $74,900

over $151,200 to $230,450

$28,925 + 28% of the amount over $151,200

over $230,450 to $411,500

$50,765 + 33% of the amount over $230,450

over $411,500 to $464,850

$109,587.50 + 35% of the amount over $411,500

over $464,850

$127,962.50 + 39.6% of the amount over $464,850

Single Returns

If taxable income is:

Then, tax is:

$0 to $9,225

10% of the amount over $0

over $9,225 to $37,450

$922.50 + 15% of the amount over $9,225

over $37,450 to $90,750

$5,081.25 + 25% of the amount over $37,450

over $90,750 to $189,300

$18,193.75 + 28% of the amount over $90,750

over $189,300 to $411,500

$45,353.75 + 33% of the amount over $189,300

over $411,500 to $413,200

$117,541.25 + 35% of the amount over $411,500

over $413,200

$118,118.75 + 39.6% of the amount over $413,200

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is:

Then, tax is:

$0 to $13,150

10% of the amount over $0

over $13,150 to $50,200

$1,315+ 15% of the amount over $13,150

over $50,200 to $129,600

$6,762.50 + 25% of the amount over $50,200

over $129,600 to $209,850

$26,300 + 28% of the amount over $129,600

over $209,850 to $411,500

$48,434 + 33% of the amount over $209,850

over $411,500 to $439,000

$113,939 + 35% of the amount over $411,500

over $439,000

$123,424 + 39.6% of the amount over $439,000

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2014-61. Table 13. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized , Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax

Rates, 2014

Personal Exemption: $3,950

Rates, 2014

Personal Exemption:

$3,950

Personal exemption began to phase out at a rate of 2% for every $2,500 that a taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income exceeded these amounts:

Joint $305,050

Head of household $279,650

Single $254,200

Standard Deduction:

Joint $12,400

Single $6,200

Head of Household $9,100

Joint

$305,050

Head of household

$279,650

Single

$254,200

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$12,400

Single

$6,200

Head of Household

$9,100

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint (each spouse) $1,200

$1,200

Single/Head of Household $1,500

$1,500

Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

For taxpayers whose adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeded the amounts shown below, the itemized deductions they could claim were equal to the lesser of 80% of the amount of allowable itemized deductions, or 3% of the excess of a taxpayer’'s AGI above those amounts. Deductions for medical expenses, theft and casualty losses, and investment interest were exempt from the limit.

Joint $305,050

Single $254,200

Joint

$305,050

Single

$254,200

Head of Household $279,650

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 19

$279,650

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2014

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $18,150 10% of the amount over $0

over $18,150 to $73,800 $1,815 + 15% of the amount over $18,150

over $73,800 to $148,850 $10,162.50 + 25% of the amount over $73,800

over $148,850 to $226,850 $28,925 + 28% of the amount over $148,850

over $226,850 to $405,100 $50,765 + 33% of the amount over $226,850

over $405,100 to $457,600 $109,587.50 + 35% of the amount over $405,100

over $457,600 $127,962.50 + 39.6% of the amount over $457,600

Single Returns

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $9,075 10% of the amount over $0

over $9,075 to $36,900 $907.50 + 15% of the amount over $9,075

over $36,900 to $89,350 $5,081.25 + 25% of the amount over $36,900

over $89,350 to $186,350 $18,193.75 + 28% of the amount over $89,350

over $186,350 to $405,100 $45,353.75 + 33% of the amount over $186,350

over $405,100 to $406,750 $117,541.25 + 35% of the amount over $405,100

over $406,750 $118,118.75 + 39.6% of the amount over $406,750

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $12,950 10% of the amount over $0

over $12,950 to $49,400 $1,295 + 15% of the amount over $12,950

over $49,400 to $127,550 $6,762.50 + 25% of the amount over $49,400

over $127,550 to $206,600 $26,300 + 28% of the amount over $127,550

over $206,600 to $405,100 $48,434 + 33% of the amount over $206,600

over $405,100 to $432,200 $113,939 + 35% of the amount over $405,100

over $432,200 $123,424 + 39.6% of the amount over $432,200

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2013-35.

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 20

Table 1314. Personal ExemptionsExemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax

Rates, 2013

Personal Exemption $3,900

Rates, 2013

Personal Exemption

$3,900

Personal exemption began to phase out at a rate of 2% for every $2,500 that a taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income exceeded these amounts:

Joint $422,501

Head of household $397,501

Single $372,501

Standard Deduction:

Joint $12,200

Single $6,100

Head of Household $8,950

Joint

$422,501

Head of household

$397,501

Single

$372,501

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$12,200

Single

$6,100

Head of Household

$8,950

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint (each spouse) $1,200

Single/Head of Household $1,500

$1,200

Single/Head of Household

$1,500

Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

For taxpayers whose adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeded the amounts shown below, the itemized deductions they could claim were equal to the lesser of 80% of the amount of allowable itemized deductions, or 3% of the excess of a taxpayer’'s AGI above those amounts. Deductions for medical expenses, theft and casualty losses, and investment interest were exempt from the limit.

Joint $300,000

Head of Household $275,000

Single $250,000

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2013

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $17,850 10% of the amount over $0

over $17,850 to $72,500 $1,785 + 15% of the amount over $17,850

over $72,500 to $146,400 $9,982.50 + 25% of the amount over $72,500

over $146,400 to $223,050 $28,457.50 + 28% of the amount over $146,400

over $223,050 to $398,350 $49,919.50 + 33% of the amount over $223,050

over $398,350 to $450,000 $107,768.50 + 35% of the amount over $398,350

over $450,000 $125,846 + 39.6% of the amount over $450,000

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $8,925 10% of the amount over $0

over $8,925 to $36,250 $892.50 + 15% of the amount over $8,925

over $36,250 to $87,850 $4,991.25 + 25% of the amount over $36,250

over $87,850 to $183,250 $17,891.25 + 28% of the amount over $87,850

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 21

over $183,250 to $398,350 $44,603.25 + 33% of the amount over $183,250

over $398,350 to $400,000 $115,586.25 + 35% of the amount over $398,350

over $400,000 $116,163.75 + 39.6% of the amount over $400,000

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $12,750 10% of the amount over $0

over $12,750 to $48,600 $1,275 + 15% of the amount over $12,750

over $48,600 to $125,450 $6,652.50 + 25% of the amount over $48,600

over $125,450 to $203,150 $25,865 + 28% of the amount over $125,450

over $203,150 to $398,350 $47,621 + 33% of the amount over $203,150

over $398,350 to $425,000 $112,037 + 35% of the amount over $398,350

over $425,000 $121,364.50 + 39.6% of the amount over $425,000

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2012-41.

Table 14. Personal Exemptions

Joint

$300,000

Head of Household

$275,000

Single

$250,000

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2013

Joint Returns

If taxable income is:

Then, tax is:

$0 to $17,850

10% of the amount over $0

over $17,850 to $72,500

$1,785 + 15% of the amount over $17,850

over $72,500 to $146,400

$9,982.50 + 25% of the amount over $72,500

over $146,400 to $223,050

$28,457.50 + 28% of the amount over $146,400

over $223,050 to $398,350

$49,919.50 + 33% of the amount over $223,050

over $398,350 to $450,000

$107,768.50 + 35% of the amount over $398,350

over $450,000

$125,846 + 39.6% of the amount over $450,000

Single Returns

If taxable income is:

Then, tax is:

$0 to $8,925

10% of the amount over $0

over $8,925 to $36,250

$892.50 + 15% of the amount over $8,925

over $36,250 to $87,850

$4,991.25 + 25% of the amount over $36,250

over $87,850 to $183,250

$17,891.25 + 28% of the amount over $87,850

over $183,250 to $398,350

$44,603.25 + 33% of the amount over $183,250

over $398,350 to $400,000

$115,586.25 + 35% of the amount over $398,350

over $400,000

$116,163.75 + 39.6% of the amount over $400,000

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is:

Then, tax is:

$0 to $12,750

10% of the amount over $0

over $12,750 to $48,600

$1,275 + 15% of the amount over $12,750

over $48,600 to $125,450

$6,652.50 + 25% of the amount over $48,600

over $125,450 to $203,150

$25,865 + 28% of the amount over $125,450

over $203,150 to $398,350

$47,621 + 33% of the amount over $203,150

over $398,350 to $425,000

$112,037 + 35% of the amount over $398,350

over $425,000

$121,364.50 + 39.6% of the amount over $425,000

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2012-41. Table 15. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized , Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax

Rates, 2012

Personal Exemption $3,800

Rates, 2012

Personal Exemption

$3,800

Phaseout of personal exemption: Ended on Dec. 31, 2009

Standard Deduction:

Joint $11,900

Single $5,950

Head of Household $8,700

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$11,900

Single

$5,950

Head of Household

$8,700

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint (each spouse) $1,150

Single/Head of Household $1,450

$1,150

Single/Head of Household

$1,450

Limitation on itemized deductions: Ended on Dec. 31, 2009

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2012

Joint Returns

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $17,400 10% of the amount over $0

over $17,400 to $70,700 $1,740 + 15% of the amount over $17,400

over $70,700 to $142,700 $9,500 + 25% of the amount over $70,700

over $142,700 to $217,450 $27,087.50 + 28% of the amount over $142,700

over $217,450 to $388,350 $47,513.50 + 33% of the amount over $217,450

over $388,350 $102,574 + 35% of the amount over $388,350

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $8,700 10% of the amount over $0

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 22

over $8,700 to $35,350 $870 + 15% of the amount over $8,700

over $35,350 to $85,650 $4,750 + 25% of the amount over $35,350

over $85,650 to $178,650 $17,025 + 28% of the amount over $85,650

over $178,650 to $388,350 $42,449 + 33% of the amount over $178,650

over $388,350 $110,016.50 + 35% of the amount over $388,350

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $12,400 10% of the amount over $0

over $12,400 to $47,350 $1,240 + 15% of the amount over $12,400

over $47,350 to $122,300 $6,330 + 25% of the amount over $47,350

over $122,300 to $198,050 $24,617.50 + 28% of the amount over $122,300

over $198,050 to $388,350 $45,322.50 + 33% of the amount over $198,050

over $388,350 $106,637.50 + 35% of the amount over $388,350

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2011-52.

Table 1516. Personal ExemptionsExemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax

Rates, 2011

Personal Exemption: $3,700

Rates, 2011

Personal Exemption:

$3,700

Phaseout of personal exemption: Ended on Dec. 31, 2009

Standard Deduction:

Joint $11,600

Single $5,800

Head of Household $8,500

Joint

$11,600

Single

$5,800

Head of Household

$8,500

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly oror the Blind:

Joint (each spouse) $1,150

Single/Head of Household $1,450

$1,150

Single/Head of Household

$1,450

Limitation on itemized deductions: Ended on Dec. 31, 2009

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2011

Joint Returns

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $17,000 10% of the amount over $0

over $17,000 to $69,000 $1,700 + 15% of the amount over $17,000

over $69,000 to $139,350 $9,.500 + 25% of the amount over $69,000

over $139,350 to $212,300 $27,087.50 + 28% of the amount over $139,350

over $212,300 to $379,150 $47,513.50 + 33% of the amount over $212,300

over $379,150 $102,574 + 35% of the amount over $379,150

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 23

Single Returns

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $8,500 10% of the amount over $0

over $8,500 to $34,500 $850 + 15% of the amount over $8,500

over $34,500 to $83,600 $4,750 + 25% of the amount over $34,500

over $83,600 to $174,400 $17,025 + 28% of the amount over $83,600

over $174,400 to $379,150 $42,449 + 33% of the amount over $174,400

over $379,150 $110,016.50 + 35% of the amount over $379,150

Head-of-Household Returns -of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $12,150 10% of the amount over $0

over $12,150 to $46,250 $1,215 + 15% of the amount over $12,150

over $46,250 to $119,400 $6,330 + 25% of the amount over $46,250

over $119,400 to $193,350 $24,617.50 + 28% of the amount over $119,400

over $193,350 to $379,150 $45,322.50 + 33% of the amount over $193,350

over $379,150 $106,637.50 + 35% of the amount over $379,150

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2011-12.

Table 1617. Personal ExemptionsExemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax

Rates, 2010

Personal Exemption: $3,650

Rates, 2010

Personal Exemption:

$3,650

Phaseout of personal exemption: Ended on Dec. 31, 2009

Standard Deduction:

Joint $11,400

Single $5,700

Head of Household $8,400

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$11,400

Single

$5,700

Head of Household

$8,400

Additional Standard Deductions for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint (each spouse) $1,100

$1,100

Single/Head of Household $1,400

$1,400

Limitation on itemized deductions: Ended on Dec. 31, 2009

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2010

Joint Returns

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $16,750 10% of the amount over $0

over $16,750 to $68,000 $1,675 + 15% of the amount over $16,750

over $68,000 to $137,300 $9,362.50 + 25% of the amount over $68,000

over $137,300 to $209,250 $26,687.50 + 28% of the amount over $137,300

over $209,250 to $373,650 $46,833.50 + 33% of the amount over $209,250

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 24

over $373,650 $100,894.50 + 35% of the amount over $373,650

Single Returns

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $8,375 10% of the amount over $0

over $8,375 to $34,000 $837.50 + 15% of the amount over $8,375

over $34,000 to $82,400 $4,681.25 + 25% of the amount over $34,000

over $82,400 to $171,850 $16,781.25 + 28% of the amount over $82,400

over $171,850 to $373,650 $41,827.25 + 33% of the amount over $171,850

over $373,650 $108,421.25 + 35% of the amount over $373,650

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $11,950 10% of the amount over $0

over $11,950 to $45,550 $1,195 + 15% of the amount over $11,950

over $45,550 to $117,650 $6,235 + 25% of the amount over $45,550

over $117,650 to $190,550 $24,215 + 28% of the amount over $117,650

over $190,550 to $373,650 $44,672 + 33% of the amount over $190,550

over $373,650 $105,095 + 35% of the amount over $373,650

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2009-50.

Table 17 Table 18. Personal ExemptionsExemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax

Rates, 2009

Personal Exemption: $3,650

:

$3,650

Personal exemption began to phase out at a rate of 2% for every $2,500 that a taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income exceeded these amounts:

Joint $250,200

Single $166,800

Head of Household $208,500

Standard Deduction:

Joint $11,400

Single $5,700

Head of Household $8,350

Additional Standard Deductions for

Joint

$250,200

Single

$166,800

Head of Household

$208,500

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$11,400

Single

$5,700

Head of Household

$8,350

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint (each spouse) $1,100

$1,100

Single/Head of Household $1,400

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 25

$1,400

Limitation on itemized deductions: For persons whose adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeded the amount shown in the right column, the itemized deductions they could claim had to be reduced by the lesser of 80% of allowable itemized deductions, or 3% of the difference between the taxpayer’'s AGI and that amount. Deductions for medical expenses, theft and casualty losses, and investment interest were exempt from the limit.

$166,800

(for all filers except married persons filing separately)

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2009

Joint Returns

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $16,700 10% of the amount over $0

over $67,900 to $137,050 $1,670 + 15% of the amount over $16,700

over $137,050 to $208,850 $9,350 + 25% of the amount over $67,900

$26,637.50 + 28% of the amount over $137,050

over $208,850 to $372,950 $46,741.50 + 33% of the amount over $208,850

over $372,950 $100,894.50 + 35% of the amount over $372,950

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $8,350 10% of the amount over $0

over $8,350 to $33,950 $835 + 15% of the amount over $8,350

over $33,950 to $82,250 $4,675 + 25% of the amount over $33,950

over $82,250 to $171,550 $16,750 + 28% of the amount over $82,250

over $171,550 to $372,950 $41,754 + 33% of the amount over $171,550

over $372,950 $108,216 + 35% of the amount over $372,950

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $11,950 10% of the amount over $0

over $11,950 to $45,500 $1,195 + 15% of the amount over $11,950

over $45,500 to $117,450 $6,227.50 + 25% of the amount over $45,500

over $117,450 to $190,200 $24,215 + 28% of the amount over $117,450

over $190,200 to $372,950 $44,585 + 33% of the amount over $190,200

over $372,950 $104,892.50 + 35% of the amount over $372,950

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2008-66.

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 26

Table 1819. Personal ExemptionsExemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax

Rates, 2008

Personal Exemption $3,500

Rates, 2008

Personal Exemption

$3,500

Personal exemption began to phase out at a rate of 2% for every $2,500 that a taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income exceeded these amounts:

Joint $239,950

Single $159,950

Head of Household $199,900

Standard Deduction:

Joint $10,900

Single $5,450

Head of Household $8,000

Additional Standard Deductions for

Joint

$239,950

Single

$159,950

Head of Household

$199,900

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$10,900

Single

$5,450

Head of Household

$8,000

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint (each spouse) $1,050

Single/Head of Household $1,350

$1,050

Single/Head of Household

$1,350

Limitation on itemized deductions: If an individual’'s adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeded the amount shown in the right column, the itemized deductions that could be claimed had to be reduced by the lesser of 80% of allowable itemized deductions, or 3% of the difference between the taxpayer’'s AGI and that amount. Deductions for medical expenses, theft and casualty losses, and investment interest were exempt from the limit.

$159,950

(for all filers except married persons filing separately)

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2008

Joint Returns

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $16,050 10% of the amount over $0

over $16,050 to $65,100 $1,605 + 15% of the amount over $16,050

over $65,100 to $131,450 $8,962.50 + 25% of the amount over $65,100

over $131,450 to $200,300 $25,550 + 28% of the amount over $131,450

over $200,300 to $357,700 $44,828 + 33% of the amount over $200,300

over $357,700 $96,770 + 35% of the amount over $357,700

Single Returns

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $8,025 10% of the amount over $0

over $8,025 to $32,550 $802.50 + 15% of the amount over $8,025

over $32,550 to $78,850 $4,481.25 + 25% of the amount over $32,550

over $78,850 to $164,550 $16,056.25 + 28% of the amount over $78,850

over $164,550 to $357,700 $40,052.25 + 33% of the amount over $164,550

over $357,700 $103,791.75 + 35% of the amount over $357,700

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 27

Head-of-Household Returns

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $11,450 10% of the amount over $0

over $11,450 to $43,650 $1,145 + 15% of the amount over $11,450

over $43,650 to $112,650 $5,975 + 25% of the amount over $43,650

over $112,650 to $182,400 $23,225 + 28% of the amount over $112,650

over $182,400 to $357,700 $42,755 + 33% of the amount over $182,400

over $357,700 $100,604 + 35% of the amount over $357,700

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2007-66.

Table 1920. Personal ExemptionsExemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax

Rates, 2007

Personal Exemption: $3,400

Rates, 2007

Personal Exemption:

$3,400

Personal exemption began to phase out at a rate of 2% for every $2,500 that a taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income exceeded these amounts:

Joint $234,600

Single $156,400

Head of Household $195,500

Standard Deduction:

Joint $10,700

Single $5,350

Head of Household $7,850

Additional Standard Deductions for

Joint

$234,600

Single

$156,400

Head of Household

$195,500

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$10,700

Single

$5,350

Head of Household

$7,850

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint (each spouse) $1,050

Single/Head of Household $1,300

$1,050

Single/Head of Household

$1,300

Limitation on itemized deductions:

If an individual’'s adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeded the amount shown in the right column, the itemized deductions that could be claimed had to be reduced by the lesser of 80% of allowable itemized deductions, or 3% of the difference between the taxpayer’'s AGI and that amount. Deductions for medical expenses, theft and casualty losses, and investment interest were exempt from the limit.

$156,400

(for all filers except married persons filing separately)

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2007

Joint Returns

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $15,650 10% of the amount over $0

over $15,650 to $63,700 $1,565 + 15% of the amount over $15,650

over $63,700 to $128,500 $8,773 + 25% of the amount over $63,700

over $128,500 to $195,850 $24,973 + 28% of the amount over $128,500

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 28

over $195,850 to $349,700 $43,831 + 33% of the amount over $195,850

over $349,700 $94,601 + 35% of the amount over $349,700

Single Returns

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $7,825 10% of the amount over $0

over $7,825 to $31,850 $783 + 15% of the amount over $7,825

over $31,850 to $77,100 $4,386 + 25% of the amount over $31,850

over $77,100 to $160,850 $15,699 + 28% of the amount over $77,100

over $160,850 to $349,700 $39,149 + 33% of the amount over $160,850

over $349,700 $101,469 + 35% of the amount over $349,700

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $11,200 10% of the amount over $0

over $11,200 to $42,650 $1,120 + 15% of the amount over $11,200

over $42,650 to $110,100 $5,838 + 25% of the amount over $42,650

over $110,100 to $178,350 $22,700 + 28% of the amount over $110,100

over $178,350 to $349,700 $41,810 + 33% of the amount over $178,350

over $349,700 $98,356 + 35% of the amount over $349,700

Table 20. Personal Exemptions Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2006-53. Table 21. Personal Exemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax

Rates, 2006

Personal Exemption: $3,300

Rates, 2006

Personal Exemption:

$3,300

Personal exemption began to phase out at a rate of 2% for every $2,500 that a taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income exceeded these amounts:

Joint $225,750

Head of Household $188,150

Single $150,500

Standard Deduction:

Joint $10,300

Single $5,150

Head of Household $7,550

Additional Standard Deductions for

Joint

$225,750

Head of Household

$188,150

Single

$150,500

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$10,300

Single

$5,150

Head of Household

$7,550

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint (each spouse) $1,000

$1,000

Single/Head of Household $1,250

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 29

$1,250

Limitation on itemized deductions:

If an individual’'s adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeded the amount shown in the right column, the itemized deductions that could be claimed had to be reduced by the lesser of 80% of allowable itemized deductions, or 3% of the difference between the taxpayer’'s AGI and that amount. Deductions for medical expenses, theft and casualty losses, and investment interest were exempt from the limit.

$150,500

(for all filers except married persons filing separately)

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2006

Joint Returns

2006

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $15,100 10% of the amount over $0

over $15,100 to $61,300 $1,510 + 15% of the amount over $15,100

over $61,300 to $123,700 $8,440 + 25% of the amount over $61,300

over $123,700 to $188,450 $24,040 + 28% of the amount over $123,700

over $188,450 to $336,550 $42,170 + 33% of the amount over $188,450

over $336,550 $91,043 + 35% of the amount over $336,550

Single Returns

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $7,550 10% of the amount over $0

over $7,550 to $30,650 $755 + 15% of the amount over $7,550

over $30,650 to $74,200 $4,220 + 25% of the amount over $30,650

over $74,200 to $154,800 $15,108 + 28% of the amount over $74,200

over $154,800 to $336,550 $37,676 + 33% of the amount over $154,800

over $336,550 $97,653 + 35% of the amount over $336,550

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $10,750 10% of the amount over $0

over $10,750 to $41,050 $1,075 + 15% of the amount over $10,750

over $41,050 to $106,000 $5,620 + 25% of the amount over $41,050

over $106,000 to $171,650 $21,858 + 28% of the amount over $106,000

over $171,650 to $336,550 $40,240 + 33% of the amount over $171,650

over $336,550 $94,657 + 35% of the amount over $336,550

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2005-70.

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 30

Table 2122. Personal ExemptionsExemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout Thresholds, and Statutory Marginal Tax

Rates, 2005

Personal Exemption: $3,200

Rates, 2005

Personal Exemption:

$3,200

Personal exemption began to phase out at a rate of 2% for every $2,500 that a taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income exceeded these amounts:

Joint $218,950

Single $145,950

Head of Household $182,450

Standard Deduction:

Joint $10,000

Single $5,000

Head of Household $7,300

Additional Standard Deductions for

Joint

$218,950

Single

$145,950

Head of Household

$182,450

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$10,000

Single

$5,000

Head of Household

$7,300

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint (each spouse)

$1,000

Single/Head of Household

$1,250

the Blind and Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

Joint (each spouse) $1,000

Single/Head of Household $1,250

Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

If an individual’'s adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeded the amount shown in the right column, the itemized deductions that could be claimed had to be reduced by the lesser of 80% of allowable itemized deductions, or 3% of the difference between the taxpayer’'s AGI and that amount. Deductions for medical expenses, theft and casualty losses, and investment interest were exempt from the limit.

$145,950 (for all filers except married persons filing

separately)

separately)

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2005

Joint Returns

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $14,600 10% of the amount over $0

over $14,600 to $59,400 $1,460 + 15% of the amount over $14,600

over $59,400 to $119,950 $8,180 + 25% of the amount over $59,400

over $119,950 to $182,800 $23,318 + 28% of the amount over $119,950

over $182,800 to $326,450 $40,916 + 33% of the amount over $182,800

over $326,450 $88,321 + 35% of the amount over $326,450

Single Returns

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $7,300 10% of the amount over $0

over $7,300 to $29,700 $730 + 15% of the amount over $7,300

over $29,700 to $71,950 $4,090 + 25% of the amount over $29,700

over $71,950 to $150,150 $14,653 + 28% of the amount over $71,950

over $150,150 to $326,450 $36,549 + 33% of the amount over $150,150

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 31

over $326,450 $94,728 + 35% of the amount over $326,450

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $10,450 10% of the amount over $0

over $10,450 to $39,800 $1,045 + 15% of the amount over $10,450

over $39,800 to $102,800 $5,448 + 25% of the amount over $39,800

over $102,800 to $166,450 $21,198 + 28% of the amount over $102,800

over $166,450 to $326,450 $39,020 + 33% of the amount over $166,450

over $326,450 $91,820 + 35% of the amount over $326,450

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2004-71.

Table 2223. Personal Exemption, Standard DeductionDeductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Phaseout of the Personal Exemption, and Statutory Marginal T axTax Rates,

2004

2004

Personal Exemption: $3,100

$3,100

Personal exemption began to phase out at a rate of 2% for every $2,500 that a taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income exceeded these amounts:

Joint $214,050

Single $142,700

Head of Household $178,350

Standard Deduction:

Joint $9,700

Single $4,850

Head of Household $7,150

Additional Standard Deductions for the Elderly or the Blind and Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

Joint $950

Single/Head of Household $1,200

Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

If an individual’

Joint

$214,050

Single

$142,700

Head of Household

$178,350

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$9,700

Single

$4,850

Head of Household

$7,150

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint

$950

Single/Head of Household

$1,200

Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

If an individual's adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeded the amount shown in the right column, the itemized deductions that could be claimed had to be reduced by the lesser of 80% of allowable itemized deductions, or 3% of the difference between the taxpayer’'s AGI and that amount. Deductions for medical expenses, theft and casualty losses, and investment interest were exempt from the limit.

$142,700 (for all filers except married persons filing

separately)

separately)

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2004

Joint Returns

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $14,300 10% of the amount over $0

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 32

over $14,300 to $58,100 $1,430 + 15% of the amount over $14,300

over $58,100 to $117,250 $8,000 + 25% of the amount over $58,100

over $117,250 to $178,650 $22,788 + 28% of the amount over $117,250

over $178,650 to $319,100 $39,980 + 33% of the amount over $178,650

over $319,100 $86,328 + 35% of the amount over $319,100

Single Returns

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $7,150 10% of the amount over $0

over $7,150 to $29,050 $715 + 15% of the amount over $7,150

over $29,050 to $70,350 $4,000 + 25% of the amount over $29,050

over $70,350 to $146,750 $14,325 + 28% of the amount over $70,350

over $146,750 to $319,100 $35,717 + 33% of the amount over $146,750

over $319,100 $92,593 + 35% of the amount over $319,100

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $10,200 10% of the amount over $0

over $10,200 to $38,900 $1,020 + 15% of the amount over $10,200

over $38,900 to $100,500 $5,325 + 25% of the amount over $38,900

over $100,500 to $162,700 $20,725 + 28% of the amount over $100,500

over $162,700 to $319,100 $38,141 + 33% of the amount over $162,700

over $319,100 $89,753 + 35% of the amount over $319,100

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2003-85.

Table 2324. Personal ExemptionsExemption, Standard Deductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Personal Exemption Phaseout, and Statutory Marginal T axTax Rates, 2003

(after enactment of the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act)

Personal Exemption: $3,050

Personal Exemption:

$3,050

Personal exemption began to phase out at a rate of 2% for every $2,500 that a taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income exceeded these amounts:

Joint $209,250

Single $139,500

Head of Household $174,400

Standard Deduction:

Joint $9,500

Single $4,750

Head of Household $7,000

Additional Standard Deductions for the Elderly or the Blind and Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

Joint $950

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 33

Single/Head of Household $1,150

Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

If an individual’

Joint

$209,250

Single

$139,500

Head of Household

$174,400

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$9,500

Single

$4,750

Head of Household

$7,000

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint

$950

Single/Head of Household

$1,150

Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

If an individual's adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeded the amount shown in the right column, the itemized deductions that could be claimed had to be reduced by the lesser of 80% of allowable itemized deductions, or 3% of the difference between the taxpayer’'s AGI and that amount. Deductions for medical expenses, theft and casualty losses, and investment interest were exempt from the limit.

$139,500

(for all filers except married persons filing separately)

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2003

(after enactment of the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act)

Joint Returns

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $14,000 10% of the amount over $0

over $14,000 to $56,800 $1,400 + 15% of the amount over $14,000

over $56,800 to $114,650 $7,820 + 25% of the amount over $56,800

over $114,650 to $174,700 $22,283 + 28% of the amount over $114,650

over $174,700 to $311,950 $39,097 + 33% of the amount over $174,700

over $311,950 $84,390 + 35% of the amount over $311,950

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $7,000 10% of the amount over $0

over $7,000 to $28,400 $700 + 15% of the amount over $7,000

over $28,400 to $68,800 $3,910 + 25% of the amount over $28,400

over $68,800 to $143,500 $14,010 + 28% of the amount over $68,800

over $143,500 to $311,950 $34,926 + 33% of the amount over $143,500

over $311,950 $90,515 + 35% of the amount over $311,950

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $10,000 10% of the amount over $0

over $10,000 to $38,050 $1,000 + 15% of the amount over $10,000

over $38,050 to $98,250 $5,208 + 25% of the amount over $38,050

over $98,250 to $159,100 $20,258 + 28% of the amount over $98,250

over $159,100 to $311,950 $37,296 + 33% of the amount over $159,100

over $311,950 $87,737 + 35% of the amount over $311,950

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2002-70.

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 34

Table 2425. Personal Exemption, Standard DeductionDeductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Phaseout of Personal Exemption, and Statutory Marginal T axTax Rates,

2002

2002

Personal Exemption: $3,000

$3,000

Personal exemption began to phase out at a rate of 2% for every $2,500 that a taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income exceeded these amounts:

Joint $206,000

Single $137,300

Head of Household $171,650

Standard Deduction:

Joint $7,850

Single $4,700

Head of Household $6,900

Additional Standard Deductions for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint $900

Single/Head of Household $1,150

Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

If an individual’

Joint

$206,000

Single

$137,300

Head of Household

$171,650

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$7,850

Single

$4,700

Head of Household

$6,900

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint

$900

Single/Head of Household

$1,150

Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

If an individual's adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeded the amount shown in the right column, the itemized deductions that could be claimed had to be reduced by the lesser of 80% of allowable itemized deductions, or 3% of the difference between the taxpayer’'s AGI and that amount. Deductions for medical expenses, theft and casualty losses, and investment interest were exempt from the limit.

$137,300

(for all filers except married persons filing separately)

Statutory Marginal Tax Rates, 2002

Joint Returns

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $12,000 10% of the amount over $0

over $12,000 to $46,700 $1,200 + 15% of the amount over $12,000

over $46,700 to $112,850 $6,405 + 27% of the amount over $46,700

over $112,850 to $171,950 $24,266 + 30% of the amount over $112,850

over $171,950 to $307,050 $41,996 + 35% of the amount over $171,950

over $307,050 $89,281 + 38.6% of the amount over $307,050

Single Returns

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $6,000 10% of the amount over $0

over $6,000 to $27,950 $600 + 15% of the amount over $6,000

over $27,950 to $67,700 $3,893 + 27% of the amount over $27,950

over $67,700 to $141,250 $14,626 + 30% of the amount over $67,700

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 35

over $141,250 to $307,050 $36,691 + 35% of the amount over $141,250

over $307,050 $94,721 + 38.6% of the amount over $307,050

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $10,000 10% of the amount over $0

over $10,000 to $37,450 $1,000 + 15% of the amount over $10,000

over $37,450 to $96,700 $5,118 + 27% of the amount over $37,450

over $96,700 to $156,600 $21,116 + 30% of the amount over $96,700

over $156,600 to $307,050 $39,086 + 35% of the amount over $156,600

over $307,050 $91,744 + 38.6% of the amount over $307,050

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2001-59.

Table 2526. Personal Exemption, Standard DeductionDeductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Phaseout of Personal Exemption, and Statutory Marginal T axTax Rates,

2001

2001

Personal Exemption: $2,900

:

$2,900

Personal exemption began to phase out at a rate of 2% for every $2,500 that a taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income exceeded these amounts:

Joint

$199,450

Single

$132,950

Head of Household

$166,200

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$7,600

Single

$4,550

Head of Household

$6,650

Additional Standard Deduction for

Joint $199,450

Single $132,950

Head of Household $166,200

Standard Deduction:

Joint $7,600

Single $4,550

Head of Household $6,650

Additional Standard Deductions for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint $900

:

Joint

$900

Single/Head of Household $1,100

$1,100

Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

If an individual’'s adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeded this amount, the itemized deductions that could be claimed had to be reduced by the lesser of 80% of allowable itemized deductions, or 3% of the difference between the taxpayer’'s AGI and that amount. Deductions for medical expenses, theft and casualty losses, and investment interest were exempt from the limit.

$132,950

(for all filers except for married persons filing

separately)

separately)

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2001

Joint Returns

2001

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $45,200 15% of the amount over $0

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 36

over $45,200 to $109,250 $6,780 + 27.5% of the amount over $45,200

over $109,250 to $166,500 $24,394 + 30.5% of the amount over $109,250

over $166,500 to $297,350 $41,855 + 35.5% of the amount over $166,500

over $297,350 $88,307 + 39.1% of the amount over $297,350

Single Returns

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $27,050 15% of the amount over $0

over $27,050 to $65,550 $4,058 + 27.5% of the amount over $27,050

over $65,550 to $136,750 $14,646 + 30.5% of the amount over $65,550

over $136,750 to $297,350 $36,362 + 35.5% of the amount over $136,750

over $297,350 $93,375 + 39.1% of the amount over $297,350

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $36,250 15% of the amount over $0

over $36,250 to $93,650 $5,438 + 27.5% of the amount over $36,250

over $93,650 to $151,650 $21,223 + 30.5% of the amount over $93,650

over $151,650 to $297,350 $38,913 + 35.5% of the amount over $151,650

over $297,350 $90,637 + 39.1% of the amount over $297,350

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 2001-13.

Table 2627. Personal Exemption, Standard DeductionDeductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Phaseout of Personal Exemption, and Statutory Marginal T axTax Rates,

2000

2000

Personal Exemption: $2,800

:

$2,800

Personal exemption began to phase out at a rate of 2% for every $2,500 a taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income exceeded these amounts:

Joint

$193,400

Single

$128,950

Head of Household

$161,150

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$7,350

Single

$4,400

Head of Household

$6,450

Additional Standard Deduction for

Joint $193,400

Single $128,950

Head of Household $161,150

Standard Deduction:

Joint $7,350

Single $4,400

Head of Household $6,450

Additional Standard Deductions for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint $850

:

Joint

$850

Single/Head of Household $1,100

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 37

$1,100

Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

If an individual’'s adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeded this amount, the itemized deductions that could be claimed had to be reduced by the lesser of 80% of allowable itemized deductions, or 3% of the difference between the taxpayer’'s AGI and that amount. Deductions for medical expenses, theft and casualty losses, and investment interest were exempt from the limit.

$128,950

(for all filers except married persons filing separately)

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 2000

2000 Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $43,850 15% of the amount over $0

over $43,850 to $105,950 $6,578 + 28% of the amount over $43,850

over $105,950 to $161,450 $23,966 + 31% of the amount over $105,950

over $161,450 to $288,350 $41,171 + 36% of the amount over $161,450

over $288,350 $86,855 + 39.6% of the amount over $288,350

Single Returns

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $26,250 15% of the amount over $0

over $26,250 to $63,550 $3,938 + 28% of the amount over $26,250

over $63,550 to $132,600 $14,382 + 31% of the amount over $63,550

over $132,600 to $288,350 $35,787 + 36% of the amount over $132,600

over $288,350 $91,857 + 39.6% of the amount over $288,350

Head-of-Household Returns

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $35,150 15% of the amount over $0

over $35,150 to $90,800 $5,273 + 28% of the amount over $35,150

over $90,800 to $147,050 $20,855 + 31% of the amount over $90,800

over $147,050 to $288,350 $38,292 + 36% of the amount over $147,050

over $288,350 $89,160 + 39.6% of the amount over $288,350

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 99-42.

Table 2728. Personal Exemption, Standard DeductionDeductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Phaseout of Personal Exemption, and Statutory Marginal T axTax Rates,

1999

1999

Personal Exemption: $2,750

:

$2,750

Personal exemption began to phase out at a rate of 2% for every $2,500 that a taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income exceeded these amounts:

Joint $189,950

Single $126,600

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 38

Head of Household $158,300

Standard Deduction:

Joint $7,200

Single $4,300

Head of Household $6,350

Additional Standard Deductions for

Joint

$189,950

Single

$126,600

Head of Household

$158,300

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$7,200

Single

$4,300

Head of Household

$6,350

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint

$850

Single/Head of Household

$1,050

the Blind:

Joint $850

Single/Head of Household $1,050

Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

If an individual’'s adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeded this amount, the itemized deductions that could be claimed had to be reduced by the lesser of 80% of allowable itemized deductions, or 3% of the difference between the taxpayer’'s AGI and that amount. Deductions for medical expenses, theft and casualty losses, and investment interest were exempt from the limit.

$126,600

(for all filers except married persons filing separately)

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 1999

1999 Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $43,050 15% of the amount over $0

over $43,050 to $104,050 $6,458 + 28% of the amount over $43,050

over $104,050 to $158,550 $23,538 + 31% of the amount over $104,050

over $158,550 to $283,150 $40,433 + 36% of the amount over $158,550

over $283,150 $85,289 + 39.6% of the amount over $283,150

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $25,750 15% of the amount over $0

over $25,750 to $62,450 $3,863 + 28% of the amount over $25,750

over $62,450 to $130,250 $14,139 + 31% of the amount over $62,450

over $130,250 to $283,150 $35,157 + 36% of the amount over $130,250

over $283,150 $90,201 + 39.6% of the amount over $283,150

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $34,550 15% of the amount over $0

over $34,550 to $89,150 $5,183 + 28% of the amount over $34,550

over $89,150 to $144,400 $20,471 + 31% of the amount over $89,150

over $144,400 to $283,150 $37,598 + 36% of the amount over $144,440

over $283,150 $87,548 + 39.6% of the amount over $283,150

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 98-61.

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 39

Table 2829. Personal Exemption, Standard DeductionDeductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Phaseout of Personal Exemption, and Statutory Marginal T axTax Rates,

1998

1998

Personal Exemption: $2,700

:

$2,700

Personal exemption began to phase out at a rate of 2% for every $2,500 that a taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income exceeded these amounts:

Joint $186,800

Single $124,500

Head of Household $155,650

Standard Deduction:

Joint $7,100

Single $4,250

Head of Household $6,250

Additional Standard Deductions for

Joint

$186,800

Single

$124,500

Head of Household

$155,650

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$7,100

Single

$4,250

Head of Household

$6,250

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint

$850

Single/Head of Household

$1,050

the Blind:

Joint $850

Single/Head of Household $1,050

Limitation on Itemized Deductions: If an individual’'s adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeded this amount, the itemized deductions that could be claimed had to be reduced by the lesser of 80% of allowable itemized deductions, or 3% of the difference between the taxpayer’'s AGI and that amount. Deductions for medical expenses, casualty and theft losses, and investment interest were exempt from the limit.

$124,500

(for all filers except married persons filing separately)

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 1998

1998 Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $42,350 15% of the amount over $0

over $42,350 to $102,300 $6,353 + 28% of the amount over $42,350

over $102,300 to $155,950 $23,139 + 31% of the amount over $102,300

over $155,950 to $278,450 $39,770 + 36% of the amount over $155,950

over $278,450 $83,870 + 39.6% of the amount over $278,450

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $25,350 15% of the amount over $0

over $25,350 to $61,400 $3,803 + 28% of the amount over $25,350

over $61,400 to $128,100 $13,897 + 31% of the amount over $61,400

over $128,100 to $278,450 $34,574 + 36% of the amount over $128,100

over $278,450 $88,700 + 39.6% of the amount over $278,450

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 40

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $33,950 15% of the amount over $0

over $33,950 to $87,700 $5,093 + 28% of the amount over $33,950

over $87,700 to $142,000 $20,143 + 31% of the amount over $87,700

over $142,000 to $278,450 $36,976+ 36% of the amount over $142,000

over $278,450 $86,098 + 39.6% of the amount over $278,450

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 97-57.

Table 2930. Personal Exemption, Standard DeductionDeductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Phaseout of Personal Exemption, and Statutory Marginal T axTax Rates,

1997

1997

Personal Exemption: $2,650

:

$2,650

Personal exemption began to phase out at a rate of 2% for every $2,500 that a taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income exceeded these amounts:

Joint $181,800

Single $121,200

Head of Household $151,500

Standard Deduction:

Joint $6,900

Single $4,150

Head of Household $6,050

Additional Standard Deductions for

Joint

$181,800

Single

$121,200

Head of Household

$151,500

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$6,900

Single

$4,150

Head of Household

$6,050

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint

$800

Single/Head of Household

$1,000

the Blind:

Joint $800

Single/Head of Household $1,000

Limitation on Itemized Deductions: If an individual’'s adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeded this amount, the itemized deductions that could be claimed had to be reduced by the lesser of 80% of allowable itemized deductions, or 3% of the difference between the taxpayer’'s AGI and that amount:

$121,200

(for all filers except married persons filing separately)

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 1997

Joint Returns

1997

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $41,200 15% of the amount over $0

over $41,200 to $99,600 $6,180 + 28% of the amount over $41,200

over $99,600 to $151,750 $22,532 + 31% of the amount over $99,600

over $151,750 to $271,050 $38,699 + 36% of the amount over $151,750

over $271,050 $81,647 + 39.6% of the amount over $271,050

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 41

Single Returns

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $24,650 15% of the amount over $0

over $24,650 to $59,750 $3,698 + 28% of the amount over $24,650

over $59,750 to $124,650 $13,526 + 31% of the amount over $59,750

over $124,650 to $271,050 $33,645 + 36% of the amount over $124,650

over $271,050 $86,349 + 39.6% of the amount over $271,050

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $33,050 15% of the amount over $0

over $33,050 to $83,350 $4,958 + 28% of the amount over $33,050

over $83,350 to $138,200 $19,602 + 31% of the amount over $85,350

over $138,200 to $271,050 $35,986 + 36% of the amount over $138,200

over $271,050 $83,812 + 39.6% of the amount over $271,050

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 96-63.

Table 3031. Personal Exemption, Standard DeductionDeductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Phaseout of Personal Exemption, and Statutory Marginal T axTax Rates,

1996

1996

Personal Exemption: $2,550

:

$2,550

Personal exemption began to phase out at a rate of 2% for every $2,500 that a taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income exceeded these amounts:

Joint $176,950

Single $117,950

Head of Household $147,450

Standard Deduction:

Joint $6,700

Single $4,000

Head of Household $5,900

Additional Standard Deductions for

Joint

$176,950

Single

$117,950

Head of Household

$147,450

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$6,700

Single

$4,000

Head of Household

$5,900

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind: :

Joint $800

Single/Head of Household $1,000

Joint

$800

Single/Head of Household

$1,000

Limitation on Itemized Deductions: If an individual’'s adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeded this amount, the itemized deductions that could be claimed had to be reduced by the lesser of 80% of allowable itemized deductions, or 3% of the difference between the taxpayer’'s AGI and that amount. Deductions for medical expenses, casualty and theft losses, and investment interest were exempt from the limit.

$117,950

(for all filers except married persons filing separately)

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 42

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 1996

Joint Returns

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 1996

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $40,100 15% of the amount over $0

over $40,100 to $96,900 $6,015 + 28% of the amount over $40,100

over $96,900 to $147,700 $21,919 + 31% of the amount over $96,900

over $147,700 to $263,750 $37,667 + 36% of the amount over $147,700

over $263,750 $79,445 + 39.6% of the amount over $263,750

Single Returns

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $24,000 15% of the amount over $0

over $24,000 to $58,150 $3,600 + 28% of the amount over $24,000

over $58,150 to $121,300 $13,162 + 31% of the amount over $58,150

over $121,300 to $263,750 $32,739 + 36% of the amount over $121,300

over $263,750 $84,021 + 39.6% of the amount over $263,750

Head-of-Household Returns

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $32,150 15% of the amount over $0

over $32,150 to $83,050 $4,823 + 28% of the amount over $32,150

over $83,050 to $134,500 $19,075 + 31% of the amount over $83,050

over $134,500 to $263,750 $35,025 + 36% of the amount over $134,500

over $263,750 $81,555 + 39.6% of the amount over $263,750

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 95-53.

Table 3132. Personal Exemption, Standard DeductionDeductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions. Phaseout of Personal Exemption, and Statutory Marginal T axTax Rates,

1995

1995

Personal Exemption: $2,500

:

$2,500

Personal exemption began to phase out at a rate of 2% for every $2,500 that a taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income exceeded these amounts:

Joint $172,050

Single $114,700

Head of Household $143,350

Standard Deduction:

Joint $6,550

Single $3,900

Head of Household $5,750

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 43

Additional Standard Deductions for

Joint

$172,050

Single

$114,700

Head of Household

$143,350

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$6,550

Single

$3,900

Head of Household

$5,750

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint

$750

Single/Head of Household

$950

the Blind:

Joint $750

Single/Head of Household $950

Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

If an individual’'s adjusted gross income was greater than this amount, the itemized deductions that could be claimed had to be reduced by the lesser of 80% of allowable itemized deductions, or 3% of the difference between the taxpayer’'s AGI and that amount. Deductions for medical expenses, theft and casualty losses, and investment interest were exempt from the limit.

$114,700

($57,350 for married persons filing separately)

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 1995

Joint Returns

1995

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $39,000 15% of the amount over $0

over $39,000 to $94,250 $5,850 + 28% of the amount over $39,000

over $94,250 to $143,600 $21,320 + 31% of the amount over $94,250

over $143,600 to $256,500 $36,619 + 36% of the amount over $143,600

over $256,500 $77,263 + 39.6% of the amount over $256,500

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $23,350 15% of the amount over $0

over $23,350 to $56,550 $3,503 + 28% of the amount over $23,350

over $56,550 to $117,950 $12,799 + 31% of the amount over $56,550

over $117,950 to $256,500 $31,833 + 36% of the amount over $117,950

over $256,500 $81,711 + 39.6% of the amount over $256,500

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $31,250 15% of the amount over $0

over $31,250 to $80,750 $4,688 + 28% of the amount over $31,250

over $80,750 to $130,800 $18,548 + 31% of the amount over $80,750

over $130,800 to $256,500 $34,063 + 36% of the amount over $130,800

over $256,500 $79,315 + 39.6% of the amount over $256,500

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 94-72.

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 44

Table 3233. Personal Exemption, Standard DeductionDeductions, Limitation on Itemized

Deductions, Phaseout of Personal Exemption, and Statutory Marginal T axTax Rates,

1994

1994

Personal Exemption: $2,450

:

$2,450

Personal exemption began to phase out at a rate of 2% for every $2,500 that a taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income exceeded these amounts:

Joint $167,700

Single $111,800

Head of Household $139,750

Standard Deduction:

Joint $6,350

Single $3,800

Head of Household $5,600

Additional Standard Deductions for

Joint

$167,700

Single

$111,800

Head of Household

$139,750

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$6,350

Single

$3,800

Head of Household

$5,600

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint

$750

Single/Head of Household

$950

the Blind:

Joint $750

Single/Head of Household $950

Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

If an individual’'s adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeded this amount, the itemized deductions that could be claimed had to be reduced by the lesser of 80% of allowable itemized deductions, or 3% of the difference between the taxpayer’'s AGI and that amount. Deductions for medical expenses, casualty and theft losses, and investment interest were exempt from the limit.

$111,800

(for all filers except married persons filing separately)

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 1994

Joint Returns

1994

Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $38,000 15% of the amount over $0

over $38,000 to $91,850 $5,700 + 28% of the amount over $38,000

over $91,850 to $140,000 $20,778 + 31% of the amount over $91,850

over $140,000 to $250,000 $35,705 + 36% of the amount over $140,000

over $250,000 $75,305 + 39.6% of the amount over $250,000

Single Returns

Single Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $22,750 15% of the amount over $0

over $22,750 to $55,100 $3,413 + 28% of the amount over $22,750

over $55,100 to $115,000 $12,471 + 31% of the amount over $55,100

over $115,000 to $250,000 $31,040 + 36% of the amount over $115,000

over $250,000 $79,640 + 39.6% of the amount over $250,000

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption

Congressional Research Service 45

Head-of-Household Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $30,500 15% of the amount over $0

over $30,500 to $78,700 $4,575 + 28% of the amount over $30,500

over $78,700 to $127,500 $18,071 + 31% of the amount over $78,750

over $127,500 to $250,000 $33,199 + 36% of the amount over $127,500

over $250,000 $77,299 + 39.6% of the amount over $250,000

Source: IRS Revenue Procedure 93-49.

Table 3334. Personal ExemptionsExemption, Standard Deductions, and

Statutory Marginal T axTax Rates, 1993

Personal Exemption: $2,350

Personal Exemption:

$2,350

Personal exemption began to phase out at a rate of 2% for every $2,500 that a taxpayer’'s adjusted gross income exceeded these amounts:

Joint $162,700

Single $108,450

Head of Household $135,600

Standard Deduction:

Joint $6,200

Single $3,700

Head of Household $5,450

Additional Standard Deductions for

Joint

$162,700

Single

$108,450

Head of Household

$135,600

Standard Deduction:

Joint

$6,200

Single

$3,700

Head of Household

$5,450

Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly or the Blind:

Joint

$700

Single/Head of Household

$900

the Blind:

Joint $700

Single/Head of Household $900

Limitation on Itemized Deductions:

If an individual’'s adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeded this amount, the itemized deductions that could be claimed had to be reduced by the lesser of 80% of allowable itemized deductions, or 3% of the difference between the taxpayer’'s AGI and that amount. Deductions for medical expenses, theft and casualty losses, and investment interest were exempt from the limit.

$108,450

(for all filers except married persons filing separately)

Statutory Marginal Income Tax Rates, 1993

1993 Joint Returns

If taxable income is: Then, tax is:

$0 to $36,900 15% of the amount over $0

over $36,900 to $89,150 $5,535 + 28% of the amount over $36,900

over $89,150 to $140,000 $20,165 + 31% of the amount over $89,150

over $140,000 to $250,000 $35,929 + 36% of the amount over $140,000

over $250,000 $75,529 + 39.6% of the amount over $250,000