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Congressional Research Service
https://crsreports.congress.gov
R44323
Congressional Research Service
Levels of pay for congressional staff are a source of recurring questions among Members of Congress, congressional staff, and the public. There may be interest in congressional pay data for multiple reasons, including assessment of the costs of congressional operations, guidance in setting pay levels for staff in Member offices, or comparison of congressional staff pay levels with those of other federal government pay systems.
This report provides pay data for 1716 staff position titles that are typically used in House Members’ offices. These positions are the following: Caseworker, Chief of Staff, Communications Director, Constituent Services Director, Constituent Services Representative, Deputy Chief of Staff, District Deputy Director, District Director, Field Representative, Legislative Assistant, Legislative Correspondent, Legislative Director, Operations Director, Press Secretary, Scheduler, Senior Legislative Assistant, and Staff Assistant. The following table provides 20232025 median pay levels for positions for which data are available in constant 20242026 dollars, and change in pay between 20222024 and 2023.
2023 2025.
2025 Median Pay and Percentage Change for Selected Staff Positions inin House Members’
Offices in 20242026 Dollars and Percentage Change, 2022-20232024-2025
Position
2023
Pay,
Constant 20242025 Pay,
Change,
2022-
20232024-
2025
Position
2023
Pay,
Constant 20242025 Pay,
Change,
2022-
2023
2025 Caseworker $68,910 -0.99% Legislative Assistant $74,783 -1.012024-
Chief of Staff $187,060 -4.15190,046 -4.39% Legislative Correspondent $65,568 2.89%
Communications Director $107,565 6.10% Legislative Director $113,199 -3.03Assistant $80,110 -1.32%
Communications Dir. $105,296 -1.12% Legislative Correspondent $62,921 -8.89%
Constituent Services Constituent Services Rep. $68,656 4.54% Operations Director $99,614 2.30% Deputy Chief of Staff $142,894 -0.26% Scheduler $78,381 1.15% District Deputy Director $94,509 -0.01% Sr. Legislative Assistant $91,171 2.10% District Director $127,578 1.18% Staff Assistant $61,643 1.30% Director $97,064 11.95% Operations Director $97,064 4.00Dir. $89,989 -2.45% Legislative Director $122,657 -1.62%
%
Constituent Services Representative $64,340 2.24% Press Secretary $72,649 -15.39%
Deputy Chief of Staff $130,871 -6.32% Scheduler $77,163 -2.84%
District Deputy Director $90,833 -8.35% Senior Legislative Assistant $90,150 1.64%
District Director $120,302 -7.93% Staff Assistant $57,852 1.07%
Field Representative $66,844 -5.62%
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Change is based on 20242026 dollars per the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 20242026.
Report tables provide aggregate statistics on pay for each staff position for 2001, 2004, 2009, 20142006, 2011, 2016, and 2019-20232025, including quartiles, median pay, and average pay. CompleteAvailable data for 2001-20232025 are available to congressional staff upon request. Graphic displays are also included where data are available, providing representations of pay from the following two perspectives:
• a line graph showing change in median pay, 2001-20232025, in nominal (current) and 20242026 dollars; and
• distributions of 20232025 pay in 20242026 dollars, in $10,000 increments.
The Congressional Research Service provides a number of products on congressional staffing issues. These can be found in CRS Report R44688, Congressional Staff: CRS Products.
August 27, 2024matters. These include CRS Report R44322, House Committee Staff Pay, Selected Positions, 2001-2025; CRS Report R44324, Staff Pay, Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2001-FY2025; CRS Report R44325, Senate Committee Staff Pay, Selected Positions, FY2001-FY2025; and CRS Report R46262, Congressional Staff: Duties and Qualifications Identified by Members of Congress for Selected Positions.
R44323
September 11, 2026
R. Eric Petersen Specialist in American National Government
Jane M. Wright Research Assistant
Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2001-20232025
Congressional Research Service
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Data Concerns ................................................................................................................................. 2 Data Tables and Visualizations ........................................................................................................ 2
House Member Office Staff Pay Tables .......................................................................................... 34
Table 1. Annual Maximum Pay for Staff in House Members’ Offices, 2001-20242026 ........................ 43 Table 2. 20232025 Median Pay, 20242026 Dollars, Changes in Pay for Selected Staff in House
Member Offices, Members of Congress, and Selected General Schedule Employees ................ 5
Table 3. Caseworker ........................................................................................................................ 6 Table 4. Chief of Staff ..................................................................................................................... 7 Table 5. Communications Director .................................................................................................. 8
Table 6. Constituent Services Director ............................................................................................ 9 Table 7. Constituent Services Representative ................................................................................ 10
Table 8. Deputy Chief of Staff ........................................................................................................ 11
Table 9. District Deputy Director .................................................................................................. 12 Table 10. District Director ............................................................................................................. 13
Table 11. Field Representative ...................................................................................................... 14 Table 12. Legislative Assistant ...................................................................................................... 15 Table 13. Legislative Correspondent ............................................................................................. 16 Table 14. Legislative Director ....................................................................................................... 17 Table 15. Operations Director ....................................................................................................... 18 Table 16. Press Secretary ............................................................................................................... 19
Table 17. Scheduler ....................................................................................................................... 2019 Table 1817. Senior Legislative Assistant ........................................................................................... 2120
Table 1918. Staff Assistant ................................................................................................................ 2221
Author Information ........................................................................................................................ 2322
Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House MemberMembers Offices, 2001-2023
Congressional Research Service 1
Levels of pay for congressional staff are a source of recurring questions among Members of Congress, congressional staff, and the public. Members of the House of Representatives typically set the terms and conditions of employment for staff in their offices. These include job titles, duties, and rates of pay, subject to minimum and maximum levels.1 There may be interest in congressional pay data from multiple perspectives, including assessment of the costs of congressional operations; guidance in setting pay levels for staff in Member offices; or comparison of congressional staff pay levels with those of other federal government pay systems.
Publicly available resources do not provide aggregated congressional staff pay data in a readily retrievable form. Pay information in this report is based on the Statement of Disbursements of the House (SOD),2 published quarterly by the Chief Administrative Officer (CAO),3 as collated by LegiStorm. Data in this report are based on official House reports of specific staff positions. Additionally, this report provides annual data, which allows for observations about the nature of House Member staff compensation over time.
This report provides pay data for 1716 staff position titles that are typically used in House Members’ offices. The positions include the following:
Caseworker Chief of Staff Communications Director Constituent Services Director Constituent Services Representative Deputy Chief of Staff
District Deputy Director District Director Field Representative Legislative Assistant Legislative Correspondent
Legislative Director
Operations Director Press Secretary Scheduler Senior Legislative Assistant Staff Assistant
The collection of House Members’ staff pay data for the years 2001-20232025 proceeded as follows. For each year, a random sample4 of 45 offices was taken for each position. House staff had to hold a position with the same job title in the Member’s office for the entire calendar year examined, and not receive pay from any other congressional employing authority to be included. Generally, each position has no more than one observation per House Member’s office each year.
Every recorded payment ascribed in the LegiStorm data to those staff for the calendar year is included. Data collected for this report may differ from an employee’s stated annual salary due to the inclusion of overtime, bonuses, or other payments5 in addition to base salary paid in the course of a year.
1 Effective December 30, 2022January 17, 2025, the maximum annual pay for House staff, a figure that has increased over time, is $212,100the equivalent of Level II of the Executive Schedule, $228,000 for 2026. A minimum salary of $45,000 per year was also established. See Order of the Speaker of the House of Representatives, December 30, 2022January 17, 2025, set out as a note following 2 U.S.C. 4532. Maximum payable rates for House Member office staff since 2001 are available in Table 1.
2 In this report, pay refers to monies paid by the House to staff, and excludes other components of total compensation, which might include paid leave or employer contributions to various insurance and retirement benefits.
3 Volumes of the Statement of Disbursements since July 2009 are available at http://disbursements.house.gov/.
4 Each year, a different, random sample of Members’ offices was taken for each position. A study that examines pay data based on different job titles, or which combines pay data from positions of similar titles or presumptive duties (e.g., legislative aide, legislative assistant and senior legislative assistant, or executive assistants, schedulers, office managers, and executive assistant/schedulers), or estimates of pay using different data collection criteria, could result in findings that are different from those provided here.
5 For each year, the SOD reports pay data for five time periods: January 1 and 2; January 3-March 31; April 1-June 30; July 1-September 30; and October 1-December 31. The aggregate pay of those five periods equals the annual pay of a (continued...)
Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House MemberMembers Offices, 2001-2023
Congressional Research Service 2
For some positions, it was not possible to identify 45 employees who held that title for the entire year. This report provides no data on positions with 16 or fewer identifiable staff.
The Congressional Research Service provides a number of products on congressional staffing issues. These can be found in CRS Report R44688, Congressional Staff: CRS Productsmatters. These include CRS Report R44322, House Committee Staff Pay, Selected Positions, 2001-2025; CRS Report R44324, Staff Pay, Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2001- FY2025; CRS Report R44325, Senate Committee Staff Pay, Selected Positions, FY2001-FY2025; and CRS Report R46262, Congressional Staff: Duties and Qualifications Identified by Members of Congress for Selected Positions.
There may be some advantages to relying on official salary expenditure data instead of survey findings, but data presented here are subject to some challenges that could affect the findings or their interpretation. Some of the concerns include the following:
• There are no data for first-term Members in the first session of a Congress. Authority to use the Member Representational Allowance (MRA) for the previous year expires January 2, and new MRA authority begins on January 3 when new Members elected in general elections typically take office.
• The SOD reports monies paid directly by the House to staff, but does not provide the individual value of other components of compensation, which might include paid leave or employer contributions to various insurance and retirement benefits.
• Pay data provide no insight into the education, work experience, position, office, congressional tenure, and full- or part-time status of staff, or other potential explanations for levels of compensation.
• Data do not differentiate between staff based in Washington, DC, district offices, or both.
• Member offices that do not utilize any of the 1716 job position titles, or whose pay data were not reported consistently, are excluded.
• Potential differences could exist in the job duties of positions with the same title. Aggregation of pay by job title rests in part on the assumption that staff with the same title carry out similar tasks. Given the wide discretion congressional employing authorities have in setting the terms and conditions of employment, there may be differences in the duties of similarly titled staff that could have effects on their levels of pay.
Tables in this section provide background information on House pay practices, comparative data for each position, and detailed pay data and visualizations for each position. Table 1 provides the maximum payable rates for House Member staff since 2001 in both nominal (current) and constant 2024 dollars. Constant dollar calculations throughout the report are based on the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for various years.
Table 2 provides available percentage changes in median pay in 2024 dollars for 17 positions; for Members of Congress; and for salaries paid under the General Schedule in Washington, DC, and
congressional staff member. The brief reporting period accommodates accounting of the MemberMembers’ Representational Allowance (MRA), which authorizes expenditures from January 3 to January 2 of the following year. Other forms of payment do not appear to be recorded in a consistent manner. Sometimes overtime and other pay is listed as separate entries, and in other instances, significant one-time changes in a quarterly total might suggest payments in addition to regular salary.
Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House MemberMembers Offices, 2001-2023
Congressional Research Service 3
constant 2026 dollars. Constant dollar calculations throughout the report are based on the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for various years.
Table 2 provides available percentage changes in median pay in 2026 dollars for 16 positions; for Members of Congress; and for salaries paid under the General Schedule in Washington, DC, and
Congressional Research Service 3
surrounding areas and in the Rest of the United States (RUS) area. Table 3-Table 1918 provide available pay data for each staff position for 2001 2004, 2009, 2014, and 2019-2023, 2006, 2011, 2016, and 2021-2025, including data distributed by quartile, median pay, and average pay. Staff pay tables also provide a comparison, at various intervals to 20232025, based on data availability, of the cumulative percentage change in median pay for that position, in 20242026 dollars.6
Graphic displays are also included for each position, providing representations of pay from the following two perspectives:
• distributions of 20232025 pay in 20242026 dollars, in $10,000 increments; and
• a line graph showing Table 1. Annual Maximum Pay for Staff in House Members’ Offices, 2001-2026 Year Nominal $ Constant 2026$ Year Nominal $ Constant 2026$ 2001 $140,451 $262,284 2014 $168,411 $235,273 2002 $145,226 $266,980 2015 $168,411 $234,994 2003 $149,728 $269,123 2016 $168,411 $232,066 2004 $153,022 $267,909 2017 $168,411 $227,226 2005 $156,848 $265,609 2018 $168,411 $221,808 2006 $159,828 $262,197 2019 $168,411 $217,860 2007 $159,828 $254,936 2020 $173,900 $222,220 2008 $163,795 $251,603 2021 $199,300 $243,249 2009 $168,411 $259,617 2022 $203,700 $230,198 2010 $168,411 $255,428 2023 $212,100 $230,214 2011 $168,411 $247,612 2024 $212,100 $223,618 2012 $168,411 $242,592 2025 $225,700 $231,856 2013 $168,411 $239,089 2026 $228,000 $228,000 Source: 2 U.S.C. 4532 note, CRS calculations based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI- U) for the first half of 2026. 6 2026 CPI-U based on the first half of the year. Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House Members Offices, 2001-2025 changechanges in median pay, 2001-20232025 (or available data), in nominal (current) and 2024 dollars.2026 dollars.
Interpreting Pay T ables: Statistics Describing Pay Data
For each year that data are available, statistical values for staff positions are included in Table 3-Table 1918, including the following:
Minimum & Maximum The smallest and largest pay level, respectively, for each position.
Average (Mean) The mean is the average of a list of numbers, in which the sum of all the values is divided by the total number of values. For example, if three salaries, $30,000, $45,000, and $90,000, were identified for a given staff position, the average (mean) would be ($30,000 + $45,000 + $90,000) ÷ 3 = $55,000.
Median The midpoint at which half of the numbers in a list are higher and the other half lower. For example, if three salaries, $30,000, $45,000, and $90,000, were identified for a given staff position, the midpoint (median) would be $45,000.
Statistical Quartiles Statistical values that divide data into quarters. In a list of numbers, Quartile 1 (Q1) is a number that falls in the middle between the lowest number, or minimum, and the median. For example, if Q1 for a given staff position was $50,000, this would indicate that 25% of employees in that position make $50,000 or less. Quartile 2 (Q2) is also the median. Quartile 3 (Q3) is a number that falls in the middle between the median and the highest number in the list, or maximum. Numbers between Q1 and Q3 compose the interquartile range, the difference between the largest and smallest values in the middle 50% of a list of numbers. Quartiles might also be described as percentiles, as shown below.
Statistical Measures Used in Pay Tables
Minimum Quartile1Quartile 1
(Q1)
Quartile 2
(Q2) Median
Quartile 3
(Q3) Maximum Average
Lowest number in a list
25th Percentile 50th Percentile 75th percentile Highest number in a list
The mean, or number expressing the central value in a set of data
25% of staff make less than Q1
50% of staff make less than Q2
75% of staff make less than Q3
Middle number between Minimum and Median
Median—midpoint at which half of the numbers in a list are higher and the other half lower
Middle number between Median and Maximum
Lower Quartile Interquartile Range = Q3-Q1 Upper Quartile
6 2024 CPI-U based on the first half of the year.
Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2001-2023
Congressional Research Service 4
Table 1. Annual Maximum Pay for Staff in House Members’ Offices,
2001-2024
Year Nominal $ 2024$ Year Nominal $ 2024$
2001 $140,451 $247,550 2013 $168,411 $225,658
2002 $145,226 $251,982 2014 $168,411 $222,056
2003 $149,728 $254,005 2015 $168,411 $221,793
2004 $153,022 $252,859 2016 $168,411 $219,030
2005 $156,848 $250,688 2017 $168,411 $214,461
2006 $159,828 $247,468 2018 $168,411 $209,348
2007 $159,828 $240,615 2019 $168,411 $205,622
2008 $163,795 $237,469 2020 $173,900 $209,736
2009 $168,411 $245,033 2021 $199,300 $229,584
2010 $168,411 $241,079 2022 $203,700 $217,266
2011 $168,411 $233,702 2023 $212,100 $217,281
2012 $168,411 $228,964 2024 $212,100 $212,100
Source: 2 U.S.C. 4532 note, CRS calculations based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI- U) for the first half of 2024.
Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2001-2023
Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House Members Offices, 2001-2025
Congressional Research Service 5
Table 2. 20232025 Median Pay, 20242026 Dollars, Changes in Pay for Selected Staff in House
Member Offices, Members of Congress, and Selected General Schedule Employees
2023
Pay,
2024$
2022-
2023
2019-
2023
2014-
2023
2009-
2023
2004-
2023
2001-
2023
Caseworker $68,910 -0.99% 10.34% 18.95% 4.15% -9.58% 10.98%
Chief of Staff $187,060 -4.15% -1.30% 2.09% -4.30% -8.71% 1.80%
Communications Director $107,565 6.10% 10.82% 13.21% 1.33% -0.24% -3.99%
Constituent Services Director $97,064 11.95% — — — — —
Constituent Services Representative $64,340 2.24% 11.72% 8.92% 3.01% 7.86% 11.32%
Deputy Chief of Staff $130,871 -6.32% — — — — —
District Deputy Director $90,833 -8.35% — — — — —
District Director $120,302 -7.93% 2.95% 3.09% -6.33% -5.57% -6.30%
Field Representative $66,844 -5.62% 10.60% 6.35% 2.09% 2.48% 6.83%
Legislative Assistant $74,783 -1.01% 10.75% 15.23% 1.78% 3.44% 3.26%
Legislative Correspondent $65,568 2.89% 15.57% 23.60% 15.92% 14.28% 18.80%
Legislative Director $113,199 -3.03% 6.57% 1.34% -7.84% -2.55% -3.06%
Operations Director $97,064 4.00% — — — — —
Press Secretary $72,649 -15.39% 2.10% -8.88% -19.73% -18.58% -17.56%
Scheduler $77,163 -2.84% 14.91% 17.04% 1.11% 3.54% 3.53%
Senior Legislative Assistant $90,150 1.64% 14.25% — — — —
Staff Assistant $57,852 1.07% 21.09% 21.04% 6.02% -3.36% 5.88%
Congressional Staff Positions Pay Change Summary
Increase
7 12 11 8 5 8
Decrease
10 1 1 4 7 4
Members of Congress, General Schedule Pay Change
MCs $178,250 -3.95% -16.10% -22.31% -29.59% -31.77% -30.30%
General Schedule, DC Varies 0.71% -5.23% -3.22% -9.35% -3.70% 3.00%
General Schedule, Rest of U.S. Varies 0.24% -6.83% -7.40% -13.75% -12.47% -7.29%
Constant 2026$ 2024- 2025 2021- 2025 2016- 2025 2011- 2025 2006- 2025 2001 -2025 Caseworker $70,368 -1.12% 2.83% 1.52% -1.32% -2.05% 6.96% Chief of Staff $190,046 -4.39% -7.34% -7.38% -14.30% -13.01% -2.38% Communications Director $105,296 -1.12% 0.90% 12.17% -8.18% 1.73% -11.29% Constituent Services Director $89,989 -2.45% — — — — — Constituent Services Representative $68,656 4.54% 7.15% 13.24% 4.54% 8.00% 12.12% Deputy Chief of Staff $142,894 -0.26% -0.43% — — — — District Deputy Director $94,509 -0.01% -2.93% — — — — District Director $127,578 1.18% 4.70% 3.16% -7.22% -7.97% -6.21% Field Representative $68,742 -0.46% 3.34% 4.66% 2.87% -8.39% 3.69% Legislative Assistant $80,110 -1.32% 10.89% 17.68% 11.51% 0.17% 4.40% Legislative Correspondent $62,921 -8.89% -5.39% 13.43% 8.07% 4.37% 7.60% Legislative Director $122,657 -1.62% 5.76% 4.11% -3.83% 0.34% -0.86% Operations Director $99,614 2.30% — — — — — Scheduler $78,381 1.15% 8.85% 11.09% 8.11% -0.08% -0.74% Senior Legislative Assistant $91,171 2.10% 11.08% — — — — Staff Assistant $61,643 1.30% 13.79% 33.89% 20.36% 6.85% 6.48% Congressional Staff Positions Pay Change Summary Increase 6 10 10 6 6 6 Decrease 10 4 1 5 5 6 Members of Congress, General Schedule Pay Change MCs $178,746 -2.56% -15.83% -25.45% -30.13% -34.04% -34.03% General Schedule, DC Varies -0.40% -2.12% -2.45% -5.38% -2.39% 4.93% General Schedule, RUS Varies -0.70% -3.74% -6.96% -10.01% -10.91% -6.12% Source: CRS calculations, based on pay data provided in Table 3-Table 19 for congressional positions in 20242025 Pay
20242026 is $174,000. General Schedule pay for individuals varies by grade, step, and locality, but percentage changes are consistent within each locality. “—“ indicates data are unavailable. 20242026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 20242026.
CRS-6
Table 3. Caseworker
Nominal $ 2024, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 45 $21,750 $30,000 $35,229 $40,122 $61,572 $36,189 $38,335 $52,876 $62,093 $70,717 $108,522 $63,785
2004 45 $28,333 $37,804 $46,120 $50,000 $63,900 $44,992 $46,819 $62,468 $76,210 $82,622 $105,591 $74,346
2009 45 $28,919 $38,750 $45,475 $53,375 $86,210 $47,751 $42,077 $56,380 $66,165 $77,659 $125,433 $69,477
2014 45 $27,833 $40,075 $43,937 $51,000 $85,000 $46,984 $36,699 $52,840 $57,933 $67,245 $112,076 $61,950
Most Recent Five Years
2019 45 $23,000 $46,125 $51,150 $58,000 $90,500 $52,187 $28,082 $56,316 $62,452 $70,815 $110,496 $63,717
2020 45 $32,434 $48,733 $52,500 $56,400 $89,917 $53,932 $39,117 $58,776 $63,319 $68,023 $108,446 $65,046
2021 45 $35,200 $50,125 $56,067 $59,583 $83,333 $55,682 $40,549 $57,742 $64,586 $68,637 $95,996 $64,143
2022 45 $47,583 $57,000 $65,250 $75,200 $105,000 $67,489 $50,752 $60,796 $69,595 $80,208 $111,993 $71,984
2023 45 $50,000 $60,000 $67,267 $75,500 $111,375 $69,118 $51,221 $61,466 $68,910 $77,344 $114,096 $70,806
Change
2022-2023 -0.99%
2019-2023 10.34%
2014-2023 18.95%
2009-2023 4.15%
2004-2023 -9.58%
2001-2023 10.98%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
2006 45 $23,667 $39,000 $43,792 $52,250 $66,867 $45,431 $38,826 $63,979 $71,840 $85,716 $109,694 $74,529
2011 45 $31,200 $43,000 $48,500 $58,000 $83,155 $50,395 $45,873 $63,222 $71,309 $85,276 $122,262 $74,094
2016 45 $29,667 $40,544 $50,300 $56,837 $89,100 $50,290 $40,880 $55,869 $69,312 $78,319 $122,778 $69,299
Most Recent Five Years
2021 45 $35,200 $50,125 $56,067 $59,583 $83,333 $55,682 $42,962 $61,178 $68,430 $72,723 $101,710 $67,961
2022 45 $47,583 $57,000 $65,250 $75,200 $105,000 $67,489 $53,773 $64,415 $73,738 $84,982 $118,659 $76,268
2023 45 $50,000 $60,000 $67,267 $75,500 $111,375 $69,118 $54,270 $65,124 $73,011 $81,948 $120,887 $75,021
2024 45 $49,000 $59,264 $67,500 $75,700 $122,175 $69,586 $51,661 $62,482 $71,166 $79,811 $128,810 $73,365
2025 45 $50,000 $60,735 $68,500 $76,917 $109,500 $69,557 $51,364 $62,392 $70,368 $79,015 $112,487 $71,455
Change
2024-2025 -1.12%
2021-2025 2.83%
2016-2025 1.52%
2011-2025 -1.32%
2006-2025 -2.05%
2001-2025 6.96%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 20242026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 20242026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2024.
CRS-7
Table 4. Chief of Staff
Nominal $ 2024, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 45 $76,361 $95,000 $104,250 $114,833 $137,020 $106,313 $134,589 $167,441 $183,744 $202,398 $241,502 $187,381
2004 45 $86,500 $110,952 $124,000 $134,524 $151,974 $122,278 $142,936 $183,341 $204,902 $222,293 $251,127 $202,056
2009 45 $42,708 $123,350 $134,344 $153,136 $168,411 $133,877 $62,139 $179,471 $195,467 $222,809 $245,033 $194,787
2014 45 $89,401 $124,167 $138,968 $161,091 $168,411 $140,803 $117,878 $163,718 $183,235 $212,404 $222,056 $185,654
Most Recent Five Years
2019 45 $105,750 $144,652 $155,226 $168,411 $168,411 $153,302 $129,116 $176,613 $189,523 $205,622 $205,622 $187,174
2020 45 $117,917 $143,200 $150,158 $167,821 $173,870 $152,172 $142,216 $172,710 $181,101 $202,404 $209,699 $183,530
2021 45 $126,487 $153,239 $168,046 $175,658 $184,483 $164,212 $145,707 $176,524 $193,581 $202,350 $212,516 $189,165
2022 45 $125,085 $172,018 $182,983 $194,900 $202,233 $180,246 $133,416 $183,474 $195,170 $207,880 $215,701 $192,250
2023 45 $104,486 $169,407 $182,600 $197,495 $217,155 $182,377 $107,038 $173,545 $187,060 $202,319 $222,459 $186,832
Change
2022-2023 -4.15%
2019-2023 -1.30%
2014-2023 2.09%
2009-2023 -4.30%
2004-2023 -8.71%
2001-2023 1.80%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
2006 45 $94,000 $119,499 $133,180 $156,750 $159,828 $135,327 $154,207 $196,038 $218,481 $257,148 $262,197 $222,004
2011 45 $103,124 $133,500 $150,833 $165,000 $168,411 $146,853 $151,622 $196,283 $221,768 $242,597 $247,612 $215,915
2016 45 $116,534 $133,820 $148,902 $159,700 $168,411 $147,637 $160,581 $184,401 $205,183 $220,063 $232,066 $203,441
Most Recent Five Years
2021 45 $126,487 $153,239 $168,046 $175,658 $184,483 $164,212 $154,380 $187,031 $205,103 $214,394 $225,165 $200,424
2022 45 $125,085 $172,018 $182,983 $194,900 $202,233 $180,246 $141,357 $194,395 $206,786 $220,253 $228,540 $203,693
2023 45 $104,486 $169,407 $182,600 $197,495 $217,155 $182,377 $113,409 $183,874 $198,194 $214,361 $235,700 $197,952
2024 45 $97,255 $170,000 $188,525 $203,350 $212,100 $184,040 $102,536 $179,232 $198,763 $214,393 $223,618 $194,034
2025 45 $144,041 $174,000 $185,000 $205,533 $225,700 $188,872 $147,970 $178,746 $190,046 $211,139 $231,856 $194,024
Change
2024-2025 -4.39%
2021-2025 -7.34%
2016-2025 -7.38%
2011-2025 -14.30%
2006-2025 -13.01%
2001-2025 -2.38%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 20242026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 20242026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 20242026.
.
CRS-8
Table 5. Communications Director
Nominal $ 2024, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 32 $35,233 $51,118 $63,563 $72,000 $99,020 $63,538 $62,100 $90,096 $112,031 $126,903 $174,526 $111,988
2004 45 $39,000 $56,489 $65,250 $69,567 $106,690 $65,201 $64,445 $93,344 $107,821 $114,954 $176,298 $107,740
2009 45 $48,233 $64,617 $72,961 $83,273 $128,992 $77,048 $70,178 $94,015 $106,156 $121,160 $187,679 $112,102
2014 45 $42,500 $63,000 $72,061 $82,000 $115,000 $72,485 $56,038 $83,068 $95,015 $108,120 $151,632 $95,574
Most Recent Five Years
2019 45 $41,000 $66,333 $79,500 $90,000 $114,750 $77,817 $50,059 $80,990 $97,066 $109,886 $140,104 $95,011
2020 45 $49,362 $70,000 $77,589 $87,000 $127,500 $80,121 $59,534 $84,425 $93,578 $104,928 $153,774 $96,632
2021 45 $60,000 $76,578 $85,500 $98,500 $129,008 $87,658 $69,117 $88,214 $98,492 $113,467 $148,612 $100,977
2022 45 $71,872 $84,812 $95,046 $109,296 $153,917 $97,467 $76,659 $90,461 $101,376 $116,575 $164,167 $103,958
2023 45 $76,500 $97,500 $105,000 $112,083 $172,875 $105,014 $78,369 $99,882 $107,565 $114,821 $177,098 $107,579
Change
2022-2023 6.10%
2019-2023 10.82%
2014-2023 13.21%
2009-2023 1.33%
2004-2023 -0.24%
2001-2023 -3.99%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
2006 45 $29,010 $55,711 $63,095 $73,140 $101,361 $65,260 $47,591 $91,394 $103,507 $119,986 $166,282 $107,058
2011 45 $44,817 $61,800 $78,000 $88,250 $120,000 $77,045 $65,893 $90,863 $114,682 $129,753 $176,434 $113,277
2016 45 $48,000 $58,546 $68,125 $82,680 $120,300 $73,690 $66,143 $80,675 $93,875 $113,931 $165,771 $101,543
Most Recent Five Years
2021 45 $60,000 $76,578 $85,500 $98,500 $129,008 $87,658 $73,231 $93,465 $104,354 $120,221 $157,457 $106,988
2022 45 $71,872 $84,812 $95,046 $109,296 $153,917 $97,467 $81,221 $95,845 $107,410 $123,513 $173,938 $110,146
2023 45 $76,500 $97,500 $105,000 $112,083 $172,875 $105,014 $83,033 $105,827 $113,967 $121,655 $187,639 $113,983
2024 45 $80,500 $95,375 $101,000 $111,000 $176,281 $105,127 $84,872 $100,554 $106,485 $117,028 $185,854 $110,836
2025 45 $72,000 $95,250 $102,500 $115,200 $215,250 $106,361 $73,964 $97,848 $105,296 $118,342 $221,121 $109,262
Change
2024-2025 -1.12%
2021-2025 0.90%
2016-2025 12.17%
2011-2025 -8.18%
2006-2025 1.73%
2001-2025 -11.29%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 20242026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 20242026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 20242026.
CRS-9
Table 6. Constituent Services Director
Nominal $ 2024, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2022 40 $56,458 $71,517 $81,292 $90,875 $118,794 $81,873 $60,218 $76,280 $86,705 $96,927 $126,706 $87,32563,803 $80,820 $91,866 $102,696 $134,247 $92,523
2023 27 $48,250 $85,208 $94,750 $104,873 $145,208 $94,189 $49,429 $87,290 $97,064 $107,435 $148,755 $96,489
Change
2022-2023 11.95%
Dollars in figure
are in thousands
2024 45 $63,300 $79,530 $87,500 $100,500 $138,873 $90,032 $66,738 $83,849 $92,252 $105,958 $146,415 $94,921
2025 45 $55,000 $80,244 $87,600 $99,875 $146,914 $90,626 $56,500 $82,433 $89,989 $102,599 $150,921 $93,098
Change
2024-2025 -2.45%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 20242026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 20242026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 20242026.
CRS-10
Table 7. Constituent Services Representative
Nominal $ 2024, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 30 $25,894 $28,789 $32,791 $37,401 $46,880 $33,815 $45,640 $50,741 $57,795 $65,920 $82,628 $59,600
2004 45 $24,247 $30,300 $36,100 $42,667 $63,333 $36,983 $40,067 $50,069 $59,653 $70,504 $104,654 $61,112
2009 45 $27,125 $33,833 $42,928 $52,000 $86,558 $43,815 $39,466 $49,226 $62,459 $75,659 $125,940 $63,749
2014 45 $26,250 $35,000 $44,800 $50,833 $88,833 $46,912 $34,612 $46,149 $59,070 $67,026 $117,130 $61,855
Most Recent Five Years
2019 45 $31,000 $41,900 $47,167 $53,500 $65,500 $48,308 $37,850 $51,158 $57,588 $65,321 $79,972 $58,982
2020 45 $37,000 $43,000 $50,902 $60,000 $76,500 $52,780 $44,625 $51,861 $61,391 $72,364 $92,265 $63,657
2021 45 $24,060 $47,500 $52,500 $58,348 $70,500 $52,157 $27,716 $54,718 $60,478 $67,214 $81,213 $60,082
2022 45 $42,667 $55,000 $59,000 $67,583 $90,000 $61,220 $45,508 $58,663 $62,929 $72,084 $95,994 $65,297
2023 45 $49,500 $58,000 $62,806 $70,833 $106,767 $65,582 $50,709 $59,417 $64,340 $72,564 $109,375 $67,184
Change
2022-2023 2.24%
2019-2023 11.72%
2014-2023 8.92%
2009-2023 3.01%
2004-2023 7.86%
2001-2023 11.32%
2006 45 $21,500 $33,523 $38,750 $42,417 $52,167 $38,263 $35,271 $54,995 $63,569 $69,584 $85,579 $62,770 2011 45 $28,500 $39,000 $44,667 $54,000 $72,298 $46,425 $41,903 $57,341 $65,673 $79,395 $106,298 $68,259 2016 45 $22,903 $39,775 $44,000 $56,400 $74,417 $46,874 $31,559 $54,809 $60,631 $77,718 $102,544 $64,592 Most Recent Five Years 2021 45 $24,060 $47,500 $52,500 $58,348 $70,500 $52,157 $29,366 $57,975 $64,077 $71,215 $86,047 $63,658 2022 45 $42,667 $55,000 $59,000 $67,583 $90,000 $61,220 $48,217 $62,154 $66,675 $76,375 $101,707 $69,183 2023 45 $49,500 $58,000 $62,806 $70,833 $106,767 $65,582 $53,727 $62,953 $68,169 $76,883 $115,885 $71,183 2024 45 $49,000 $58,833 $62,292 $72,000 $110,750 $65,751 $51,661 $62,028 $65,674 $75,910 $116,764 $69,322 2025 45 $51,840 $61,600 $66,833 $75,000 $95,000 $69,240 $53,254 $63,280 $68,656 $77,046 $97,591 $71,129 Change 2024-2025 4.54% 2021-2025 7.15% 2016-2025 13.24% 2011-2025 4.54% 2006-2025 8.00% 2001-2025 12.12% Dollars in figures are in thousands. Dollars in figures 48,356 $53,762 $61,235 $69,844 $87,546 $63,148
are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 20242026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 20242026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 20242026.
.
CRS-11
Table 8. Deputy Chief of Staff
Nominal $ 2024, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2020 25 $58,333 $91,288 $118,000 $129,333 $149,185 $110,914 $70,354 $110,100 $142,317 $155,985 $179,928 $133,770
2021 36 $72,500 $98,500 $117,583 $135,000 $178,858 $108,065 $83,517 $113,467 $135,451 $155,514 $206,037 $124,486
2022 38 $85,667 $117,061 $130,977 $149,396 $183,783 $133,752 $91,372 $124,857 $139,699 $159,345 $196,023 $142,659
2022 38 $85,667 $117,061 $130,977 $149,396 $183,783 $133,752 $96,810 $132,289 $148,014 $168,829 $207,690 $151,150 2023 45 $89,000 $112,200 $127,750 $153,456 $200,989 $123,162 $96,601 $121,782 $138,660 $166,562 $218,154 $133,681 2024 45 $76,875 $122,333 $135,884 $101,988 $206,852 $139,877 $81,050 $128,977 $143,263 $107,526 $218,085 $147,473 2023 45 $89,000 $112,200 $127,750 $153,456 $200,989 $123,162 $91,174 $114,941 $130,871 $157,205 $205,898 $126,1712021 36 $72,500 $98,500 $117,583 $135,000 $178,858 $108,065 $88,488 $120,221 $143,513 $164,770 $218,300 $131,895
Change
2022-2023 -6.32%
2024-2025 -0.26% Dollars in figures are in thousands.Change
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 20242026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 20242026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 20242026.
.
CRS-12
Table 9. District Deputy Director
Nominal $ 2024, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2020 27 $44,250 $64,120 $73,206 $88,050 $117,978 $76,400 $53,369 $77,333 $88,292 $106,195 $142,290 $92,144
2021 26 $45,583 $65,000 $79,772 $82,940 $102,000 $76,438 $52,510 $74,877 $91,894 $95,544 $117,499 $88,053
2022 31 $61,813 $81,306 $92,917 $101,216 $131,250 $94,046 $65,929 $86,720 $99,105 $107,956 $139,991 $100,309
2022 31 $61,813 $81,306 $92,917 $101,216 $131,250 $94,046 $69,853 $91,882 $105,003 $114,382 $148,323 $106,280 2023 37 $62,000 $82,000 $88,667 $97,782 $148,420 $91,217 $67,295 $89,003 $96,239 $106,133 $161,095 $99,007 2024 40 $60,000 $72,144 $89,650 $98,333 $117,383 $89,776 $63,258 $76,062 $94,519 $103,673 $123,758 $94,651 2023 37 $62,000 $82,000 $88,667 $97,782 $148,420 $91,217 $63,514 $84,003 $90,833 $100,171 $152,045 $93,4452021 26 $45,583 $65,000 $79,772 $82,940 $102,000 $76,438 $55,635 $79,334 $97,364 $101,230 $124,493 $93,294
Change
2022-2023 -8.35%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
2024-2025 -0.01%
2021-2025 -2.93%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 20242026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 20242026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 20242026.
.
CRS-13
Table 10. District Director
Nominal $ 2024, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 45 $49,538 $58,667 $72,844 $78,240 $101,624 $70,062 $87,312 $103,402 $128,391 $137,901 $179,116 $123,487
2004 45 $42,500 $70,750 $77,100 $83,050 $116,568 $77,877 $70,228 $116,910 $127,403 $137,235 $192,621 $128,687
2009 45 $60,000 $80,680 $88,274 $98,115 $120,450 $90,238 $87,298 $117,387 $128,436 $142,754 $175,251 $131,294
2014 45 $45,000 $75,400 $88,500 $107,083 $144,667 $93,519 $59,334 $99,418 $116,690 $141,193 $190,748 $123,308
Most Recent Five Years
2019 45 $56,150 $81,150 $95,706 $106,000 $132,958 $94,771 $68,556 $99,080 $116,852 $129,421 $162,336 $115,711
2020 45 $59,000 $91,917 $100,417 $109,122 $153,460 $102,792 $71,158 $110,858 $121,110 $131,609 $185,084 $123,975
2021 45 $74,900 $90,000 $99,833 $113,350 $179,000 $105,009 $86,281 $103,676 $115,003 $130,574 $206,200 $120,966
2022 45 $85,250 $105,931 $122,500 $137,617 $202,233 $126,800 $90,927 $112,985 $130,658 $146,782 $215,701 $135,245
2023 45 $73,500 $101,000 $117,433 $127,083 $212,100 $117,564 $75,295 $103,467 $120,302 $130,188 $217,281 $120,436
Change
2022-2023 -7.93%
2019-2023 2.95%
2014-2023 3.09%
2009-2023 -6.33%
2004-2023 -5.57%
2001-2023 -6.30%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
2006 45 $53,000 $76,630 $84,501 $95,958 $141,100 $86,077 $86,946 $125,711 $138,624 $157,419 $231,474 $141,210
2011 45 $68,000 $84,000 $93,519 $111,250 $165,000 $99,733 $99,979 $123,504 $137,500 $163,569 $242,597 $146,636
2016 45 $58,417 $79,500 $89,750 $105,917 $145,265 $94,988 $80,497 $109,549 $123,673 $145,951 $200,172 $130,892
Most Recent Five Years
2021 45 $74,900 $90,000 $99,833 $113,350 $179,000 $105,009 $91,417 $109,847 $121,848 $138,346 $218,473 $128,166
2022 45 $85,250 $105,931 $122,500 $137,617 $202,233 $126,800 $96,339 $119,710 $138,435 $155,518 $228,540 $143,295
2023 45 $73,500 $101,000 $117,433 $127,083 $212,100 $117,564 $79,777 $109,626 $127,462 $137,936 $230,214 $127,604
2024 45 $62,833 $109,750 $119,592 $134,333 $176,250 $121,005 $66,246 $115,710 $126,086 $141,628 $185,821 $127,576
2025 45 $77,292 $107,000 $124,191 $139,417 $186,725 $123,894 $79,400 $109,918 $127,578 $143,219 $191,818 $127,274
Change
2024-2025 1.18%
2021-2025 4.70%
2016-2025 3.16%
2011-2025 -7.22%
2006-2025 -7.97%
2001-2025 -6.21%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 20242026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 20242026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 20242026.
CRS-14
Table 11. Field Representative
Nominal $ 2024, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 45 $22,131 $31,250 $35,500 $40,795 $75,275 $38,242 $39,006 $55,079 $62,570 $71,903 $132,675 $67,403
2004 45 $26,017 $35,558 $39,472 $49,000 $78,967 $42,892 $42,991 $58,758 $65,225 $80,969 $130,487 $70,876
2009 45 $34,033 $40,300 $45,000 $51,021 $81,917 $47,299 $49,517 $58,635 $65,474 $74,235 $119,186 $68,819
2014 45 $25,750 $42,000 $47,667 $55,417 $94,625 $48,428 $33,952 $55,378 $62,850 $73,069 $124,766 $63,855
Most Recent Five Years
2019 45 $30,761 $45,000 $49,500 $57,000 $74,440 $50,824 $37,558 $54,943 $60,437 $69,594 $90,888 $62,054
2020 45 $28,750 $45,050 $54,041 $62,000 $85,500 $52,899 $34,675 $54,334 $65,178 $74,777 $103,119 $63,800
2021 45 $35,000 $48,000 $54,500 $63,292 $79,600 $55,726 $40,318 $55,294 $62,782 $72,909 $91,696 $64,194
2022 45 $47,167 $55,583 $66,400 $76,000 $122,750 $67,174 $50,308 $59,285 $70,822 $81,061 $130,925 $71,648
2023 45 $41,625 $60,000 $65,250 $74,000 $100,462 $67,138 $42,642 $61,466 $66,844 $75,808 $102,916 $68,778
Change
2022-2023 -5.62%
2019-2023 10.60%
2014-2023 6.35%
2009-2023 2.09%
2004-2023 2.48%
2001-2023 6.83%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
2006 45 $24,750 $40,471 $45,743 $52,759 $90,454 $47,080 $40,602 $66,393 $75,041 $86,551 $148,389 $77,235
2011 45 $21,000 $40,333 $45,450 $53,000 $72,992 $46,732 $30,876 $59,301 $66,824 $77,925 $107,318 $68,710
2016 45 $25,000 $39,050 $47,667 $56,250 $71,890 $48,188 $34,449 $53,810 $65,684 $77,511 $99,062 $66,401
Most Recent Five Years
2021 45 $35,000 $48,000 $54,500 $63,292 $79,600 $55,726 $42,718 $58,585 $66,518 $77,249 $97,153 $68,015
2022 45 $47,167 $55,583 $66,400 $76,000 $122,750 $67,174 $53,302 $62,814 $75,037 $85,886 $138,717 $75,912
2023 45 $41,625 $60,000 $65,250 $74,000 $100,462 $67,138 $45,180 $65,124 $70,822 $80,320 $109,042 $72,871
2024 45 $48,333 $60,000 $65,500 $76,100 $95,000 $67,303 $50,958 $63,258 $69,057 $80,233 $100,159 $70,958
2025 45 $49,000 $61,000 $66,917 $74,900 $107,065 $68,031 $50,336 $62,664 $68,742 $76,943 $109,985 $69,887
Change
2024-2025 -0.46%
2021-2025 3.34%
2016-2025 4.66%
2011-2025 2.87%
2006-2025 -8.39%
2001-2025 3.69%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 20242026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 20242026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 20242026.
CRS-15
Table 12. Legislative Assistant
Nominal $ 2024, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 45 $30,154 $37,748 $41,092 $45,676 $70,000 $43,493 $53,147 $66,533 $72,426 $80,505 $123,377 $76,658
2004 45 $30,081 $37,813 $43,750 $49,242 $95,585 $46,008 $49,706 $62,483 $72,294 $81,369 $157,948 $76,026
2009 45 $34,000 $44,595 $50,500 $54,950 $63,500 $49,982 $49,469 $64,884 $73,476 $79,951 $92,391 $72,722
2014 45 $31,333 $44,667 $49,219 $55,400 $90,833 $50,854 $41,314 $58,895 $64,898 $73,047 $119,767 $67,053
Most Recent Five Years
2019 45 $43,000 $50,058 $55,306 $63,333 $91,208 $56,741 $52,501 $61,119 $67,525 $77,327 $111,361 $69,278
2020 45 $31,000 $52,242 $57,500 $63,333 $89,500 $59,025 $37,388 $63,008 $69,349 $76,385 $107,944 $71,189
2021 45 $40,700 $55,325 $59,190 $65,597 $95,417 $61,575 $46,884 $63,732 $68,185 $75,565 $109,916 $70,931
2022 45 $48,750 $65,304 $70,832 $79,592 $118,333 $72,560 $51,997 $69,653 $75,549 $84,893 $126,214 $77,392
2023 45 $51,000 $68,000 $73,000 $78,000 $90,725 $73,008 $52,246 $69,661 $74,783 $79,905 $92,941 $74,792
Change
2022-2023 -1.01%
2019-2023 10.75%
2014-2023 15.23%
2009-2023 1.78%
2004-2023 3.44%
2001-2023 3.26%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
2006 45 $35,994 $45,500 $48,750 $55,928 $69,631 $50,584 $59,049 $74,643 $79,974 $91,749 $114,230 $82,983
2011 45 $32,500 $42,992 $48,863 $53,333 $96,400 $50,506 $47,784 $63,211 $71,842 $78,415 $141,735 $74,258
2016 45 $36,896 $46,500 $49,400 $59,583 $72,967 $52,276 $50,842 $64,076 $68,072 $82,104 $100,546 $72,035
Most Recent Five Years
2021 45 $40,700 $55,325 $59,190 $65,597 $95,417 $61,575 $49,675 $67,525 $72,243 $80,063 $116,458 $75,153
2022 45 $48,750 $65,304 $70,832 $79,592 $118,333 $72,560 $55,091 $73,799 $80,046 $89,945 $133,726 $81,999
2023 45 $51,000 $68,000 $73,000 $78,000 $90,725 $73,008 $55,355 $73,808 $79,234 $84,661 $98,473 $79,243
2024 45 $60,000 $72,111 $77,000 $85,250 $115,000 $78,866 $63,258 $76,027 $81,181 $89,880 $121,245 $83,148
2025 45 $60,000 $76,000 $77,983 $83,938 $89,583 $78,712 $61,637 $78,073 $80,110 $86,227 $92,027 $80,859
Change
2024-2025 -1.32%
2021-2025 10.89%
2016-2025 17.68%
2011-2025 11.51%
2006-2025 0.17%
2001-2025 4.40%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on $40 $63 $85 Nominal $ Constant $ Median Pay20242026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 20242026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 20242026.
.
CRS-16
Table 13. Legislative Correspondent
Nominal $ 2024, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 31 $24,500 $27,750 $31,313 $33,167 $84,267 $33,552 $43,182 $48,910 $55,189 $58,458 $148,523 $59,137
2004 40 $25,372 $31,933 $34,720 $39,139 $66,667 $36,524 $41,926 $52,766 $57,372 $64,674 $110,162 $60,353
2009 45 $29,085 $35,653 $38,875 $42,689 $75,917 $41,173 $42,318 $51,874 $56,562 $62,111 $110,457 $59,905
2014 45 $30,000 $35,000 $40,233 $44,500 $63,000 $41,122 $39,556 $46,149 $53,049 $58,675 $83,068 $54,221
Most Recent Five Years
2019 45 $35,167 $39,750 $46,467 $48,750 $69,250 $45,457 $42,937 $48,533 $56,734 $59,521 $84,551 $55,501
2020 45 $38,110 $43,500 $47,000 $50,750 $59,759 $47,749 $45,963 $52,464 $56,685 $61,208 $72,074 $57,589
2021 39 $38,667 $50,744 $54,487 $54,535 $54,583 $52,023 $44,542 $58,454 $62,767 $62,822 $62,878 $59,929
2022 45 $44,167 $53,833 $59,749 $65,271 $107,833 $61,963 $47,108 $57,418 $63,728 $69,618 $115,015 $66,089
2023 34 $49,500 $57,570 $64,004 $71,877 $133,000 $66,898 $50,709 $58,977 $65,568 $73,633 $136,249 $68,532
Change
2022-2023 2.89%
2019-2023 15.57%
2014-2023 23.60%
2009-2023 15.92%
2004-2023 14.28%
2001-2023 18.80%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
2006 45 $27,583 $33,500 $36,750 $42,500 $73,315 $39,217 $45,250 $54,957 $60,288 $69,721 $120,274 $64,335
2011 45 $28,833 $37,000 $39,600 $43,750 $86,250 $42,489 $42,393 $54,400 $58,223 $64,325 $126,812 $62,471
2016 45 $25,000 $37,000 $40,255 $43,000 $58,667 $40,713 $34,449 $50,985 $55,470 $59,253 $80,841 $56,102
Most Recent Five Years
2021 39 $38,667 $50,744 $54,487 $54,535 $54,583 $52,023 $47,193 $61,933 $66,502 $66,561 $66,620 $63,496
2022 45 $44,167 $53,833 $59,749 $65,271 $107,833 $61,963 $49,912 $60,836 $67,522 $73,762 $121,860 $70,023
2023 34 $49,500 $57,570 $64,004 $71,877 $133,000 $66,898 $53,727 $62,487 $69,470 $78,015 $144,358 $72,611
2024 45 $49,505 $60,500 $65,500 $70,400 $82,778 $65,948 $52,194 $63,785 $69,057 $74,223 $87,273 $69,530
2025 28 $52,000 $58,125 $61,250 $69,165 $90,000 $64,525 $53,418 $59,710 $62,921 $71,051 $92,455 $66,285
Change
2024-2025 -8.89%
2021-2025 -5.39%
2016-2025 13.43%
2011-2025 8.07%
2006-2025 4.37%
2001-2025 7.60%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 20242026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 20242026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 20242026.
CRS-17
Table 14. Legislative Director
Nominal $ 2024, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 45 $47,000 $60,000 $66,250 $72,458 $91,412 $66,932 $82,839 $105,752 $116,768 $127,710 $161,116 $117,969
2004 45 $51,761 $62,667 $70,300 $78,316 $124,833 $73,294 $85,532 $103,553 $116,166 $129,412 $206,279 $121,114
2009 45 $51,500 $77,125 $84,417 $94,750 $127,411 $85,883 $74,931 $112,215 $122,824 $137,858 $185,379 $124,957
2014 45 $50,417 $77,750 $84,718 $99,417 $127,000 $87,256 $66,476 $102,516 $111,704 $131,084 $167,454 $115,050
Most Recent Five Years
2019 45 $70,167 $80,715 $87,000 $95,417 $127,250 $89,596 $85,670 $98,550 $106,223 $116,499 $155,366 $109,392
2020 45 $64,333 $80,000 $87,142 $97,667 $117,221 $88,462 $77,591 $96,486 $105,100 $117,793 $141,377 $106,691
2021 45 $75,667 $85,870 $95,021 $101,500 $127,000 $95,449 $87,164 $98,918 $109,460 $116,923 $146,298 $109,953
2022 45 $51,000 $101,833 $109,453 $117,500 $147,500 $110,099 $54,396 $108,614 $116,742 $125,325 $157,323 $117,432
2023 45 $80,786 $105,000 $110,500 $118,200 $147,500 $111,853 $82,760 $107,565 $113,199 $121,087 $151,103 $114,585
Change
2022-2023 -3.03%
2019-2023 6.57%
2014-2023 1.34%
2009-2023 -7.84%
2004-2023 -2.55%
2001-2023 -3.06%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
2006 45 $55,542 $66,318 $74,515 $87,550 $101,917 $76,599 $91,117 $108,795 $122,241 $143,625 $167,194 $125,660
2011 45 $47,075 $76,978 $86,750 $93,750 $117,500 $85,639 $69,214 $113,179 $127,547 $137,839 $172,758 $125,914
2016 45 $63,722 $77,000 $85,500 $94,359 $128,150 $87,306 $87,808 $106,104 $117,817 $130,025 $176,588 $120,306
Most Recent Five Years
2021 45 $75,667 $85,870 $95,021 $101,500 $127,000 $95,449 $92,353 $104,806 $115,975 $123,883 $155,006 $116,498
2022 45 $51,000 $101,833 $109,453 $117,500 $147,500 $110,099 $57,634 $115,079 $123,691 $132,785 $166,687 $124,421
2023 45 $80,786 $105,000 $110,500 $118,200 $147,500 $111,853 $87,685 $113,967 $119,937 $128,294 $160,097 $121,405
2024 45 $92,111 $109,250 $118,250 $123,750 $184,750 $120,314 $97,113 $115,183 $124,672 $130,470 $194,783 $126,848
2025 45 $91,340 $111,667 $119,400 $131,278 $171,000 $123,112 $93,831 $114,712 $122,657 $134,858 $175,664 $126,470
Change
2024-2025 -1.62%
2021-2025 5.76%
2016-2025 4.11%
2011-2025 -3.83%
2006-2025 0.34%
2001-2025 -0.86%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 20242026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 20242026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2024.
2026.
CRS-18
Table 15. Operations Director
Nominal, Current $ Constant, 2022,2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2022 21 $63,917 $79,000 $87,500 $104,833 $153,693 $95,676 $ 2023 27 $48,250 $85,208 $94,750 $104,873 $145,208 $94,189 $52,371 $92,485 $102,842 $113,830 $157,609 $102,232 2024 45 $50,225 $81,217 $92,356 $111,961 $161,597 $96,461 $52,952 $85,627 $97,371 $118,041 $170,373 $101,699 2025 32 $77,000 $88,813 $96,969 $110,208 $145,042 $100,258 $79,100 $91,235 $99,614 $113,214 $148,998 $102,992 Change 2024-2025 2.30% Dollars in figures are in thousands. 68,173 $84,261 $93,327 $111,815 $163,929 $102,04872,231 $89,276 $98,882 $118,470 $173,686 $108,122
2023 27 $48,250 $85,208 $94,750 $104,873 $145,208 $94,189 $49,429 $87,290 $97,064 $107,435 $148,755 $96,489
Change
2022-2023 4.00%
Dollars in figure
are in thousands
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 2024 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 2024 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2024.
CRS-19
Table 16. Press Secretary
Nominal $ 2024 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 45 $29,000 $45,167 $50,000 $57,250 $85,913 $52,726 $51,113 $79,608 $88,127 $100,905 $151,425 $92,931
2004 45 $32,378 $45,653 $54,000 $66,390 $93,500 $56,927 $53,502 $75,438 $89,231 $109,705 $154,503 $94,068
2009 41 $36,000 $55,750 $62,208 $77,300 $117,400 $65,998 $52,379 $81,115 $90,511 $112,469 $170,814 $96,025
2014 28 $43,500 $53,458 $60,464 $68,196 $124,233 $63,049 $57,356 $70,487 $79,725 $89,919 $163,806 $83,132
Most Recent Five Years
2019 18 $41,500 $50,181 $58,280 $66,745 $98,333 $62,515 $50,669 $61,268 $71,157 $81,493 $120,060 $76,328
2020 — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2021 — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2022 21 $54,167 $69,996 $80,500 $85,863 $114,250 $78,216 $57,774 $74,657 $85,861 $91,582 $121,859 $83,425
2023 17 $52,472 $63,000 $70,917 $83,667 $92,267 $72,618 $53,754 $64,539 $72,649 $85,710 $94,520 $74,392
Change
2022-2023 -15.39%
2019-2023 2.10%
2014-2023 -8.88%
2009-2023 -19.73%
2004-2023 -18.58%
2001-2023 -17.56%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 20242026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. “—” indicates no data available. 20242026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 20242026.
CRS-2019
Table 1716. Scheduler
Nominal $ 2024, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 19 $34,117 $37,125 $42,286 $45,066 $57,000 $42,699 $60,132 $65,434 $74,530 $79,430 $100,465 $75,259
2004 25 $30,625 $42,750 $45,100 $54,000 $104,367 $50,838 $50,606 $70,642 $74,525 $89,232 $172,459 $84,006
2009 41 $32,000 $42,981 $52,450 $57,098 $93,000 $52,879 $46,559 $62,535 $76,313 $83,076 $135,312 $76,937
2014 45 $29,667 $42,583 $50,000 $62,167 $96,950 $53,342 $39,117 $56,148 $65,927 $81,969 $127,832 $70,333
Most Recent Five Years
2019 45 $35,833 $46,417 $55,000 $61,750 $107,000 $56,270 $43,750 $56,673 $67,152 $75,394 $130,642 $68,704
2020 45 $39,000 $50,144 $57,875 $67,442 $91,000 $60,321 $47,037 $60,477 $69,801 $81,340 $109,753 $72,752
2021 45 $30,867 $52,375 $59,000 $67,367 $131,333 $60,932 $35,557 $60,334 $67,965 $77,603 $151,290 $70,191
2022 45 $50,960 $68,033 $74,458 $79,698 $107,250 $74,378 $54,354 $72,564 $79,417 $85,006 $114,393 $79,332
2023 38 $50,000 $69,203 $75,323 $85,965 $161,000 $79,104 $51,221 $70,894 $77,163 $88,065 $164,933 $81,037
Change
2022-2023 -2.84%
2019-2023 14.91%
2014-2023 17.04%
2009-2023 1.11%
2004-2023 3.54%
2001-2023 3.53%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
2006 42 $30,167 $39,006 $47,817 $57,594 $83,000 $50,781 $49,488 $63,989 $78,443 $94,483 $136,161 $83,307
2011 26 $35,000 $40,312 $49,309 $61,680 $90,942 $53,293 $51,460 $59,271 $72,499 $90,686 $133,711 $78,356
2016 45 $35,000 $44,940 $51,202 $56,604 $92,500 $52,758 $48,229 $61,926 $70,556 $77,999 $127,463 $72,700
Most Recent Five Years
2021 45 $30,867 $52,375 $59,000 $67,367 $131,333 $60,932 $37,673 $63,925 $72,011 $82,222 $160,295 $74,369
2022 45 $50,960 $68,033 $74,458 $79,698 $107,250 $74,378 $57,589 $76,883 $84,144 $90,065 $121,201 $84,054
2023 38 $50,000 $69,203 $75,323 $85,965 $161,000 $79,104 $54,270 $75,113 $81,756 $93,306 $174,750 $85,860
2024 45 $48,667 $68,500 $73,500 $82,030 $110,889 $77,006 $51,310 $72,220 $77,491 $86,485 $116,911 $81,187
2025 45 $55,181 $70,000 $76,300 $80,327 $116,667 $77,816 $56,686 $71,909 $78,381 $82,518 $119,849 $79,939
Change
2024-2025 1.15%
2021-2025 8.85%
2016-2025 11.09%
2011-2025 8.11%
2006-2025 -0.08%
2001-2025 -0.74%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 20242026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 20242026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 20242026.
.
CRS-2120
Table 1817. Senior Legislative Assistant
Nominal $ 2024, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2019 44 $20,185 $55,037 $64,625 $71,021 $99,250 $63,667 $24,645 $67,198 $78,904 $86,714 $121,180 $77,735
2020 — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2021 31 $42,325 $61,250 $67,250 $77,792 $109,000 $69,995 $48,756 $70,557 $77,469 $89,612 $125,563 $80,631
2022 38 $59,622 $77,552 $83,156 $91,124 $121,333 $85,913 $63,593 $82,717 $88,694 $97,192 $129,414 $91,634
2023 26 $58,214 $80,250 $88,000 $93,646 $123,222 $88,416 $59,636 $82,210 $90,150 $95,934 $126,232 $90,575
Change
2022-2023 1.64%
2019-2023 14.25%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
2022 38 $59,622 $77,552 $83,156 $91,124 $121,333 $85,913 $67,378 $87,640 $93,973 $102,977 $137,117 $97,088
2023 26 $58,214 $80,250 $88,000 $93,646 $123,222 $88,416 $63,185 $87,103 $95,515 $101,644 $133,746 $95,967
2024 39 $60,297 $74,000 $84,700 $89,000 $108,453 $84,219 $63,571 $78,019 $89,300 $93,833 $114,342 $88,792
2025 25 $65,000 $82,000 $88,750 $93,817 $116,650 $87,900 $66,773 $84,237 $91,171 $96,375 $119,832 $90,298
Change
2024-2025 2.10%
2021-2025 11.08%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 20242026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. “—” indicates no data available. 20242026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 20242026.
CRS-2221
Table 1918. Staff Assistant
Nominal $ 2024, Current $ Constant, 2026 $
Year # Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average Minimum Q1 Q2, Median Q3 Maximum Average
2001 45 $21,667 $28,750 $31,000 $35,166 $79,516 $33,302 $38,188 $50,673 $54,639 $61,981 $140,149 $58,695
2004 45 $21,200 $30,499 $36,227 $41,178 $52,750 $35,866 $35,032 $50,398 $59,862 $68,044 $87,166 $59,266
2009 45 $20,175 $30,333 $37,504 $43,583 $67,333 $37,829 $29,354 $44,134 $54,567 $63,412 $97,968 $55,041
2014 45 $21,067 $31,500 $36,250 $40,020 $88,058 $37,176 $27,777 $41,534 $47,797 $52,768 $116,108 $49,017
Most Recent Five Years
2019 45 $29,000 $34,849 $39,130 $46,994 $67,333 $41,961 $35,408 $42,549 $47,776 $57,377 $82,211 $51,232
2020 45 $26,000 $37,200 $40,083 $49,000 $61,000 $42,606 $31,358 $44,866 $48,343 $59,098 $73,571 $51,385
2021 45 $24,583 $39,500 $44,383 $50,602 $66,000 $44,646 $28,319 $45,502 $51,128 $58,291 $76,029 $51,430
2022 45 $37,667 $48,950 $53,667 $60,507 $86,879 $56,209 $40,175 $52,210 $57,241 $64,537 $92,665 $59,953
2023 45 $45,000 $50,625 $56,472 $59,250 $89,667 $56,840 $46,099 $51,862 $57,852 $60,697 $91,857 $58,229
Change
2022-2023 1.07%
2019-2023 21.09%
2014-2023 21.04%
2009-2023 6.02%
2004-2023 -3.36%
2001-2023 5.88%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
2006 45 $21,834 $31,500 $35,167 $42,917 $63,830 $38,120 $35,818 $51,676 $57,691 $70,405 $104,714 $62,536
2011 45 $26,250 $31,127 $34,833 $43,325 $87,500 $38,681 $38,595 $45,765 $51,215 $63,700 $128,650 $56,871
2016 45 $19,000 $30,000 $33,413 $38,139 $64,183 $34,941 $26,182 $41,339 $46,042 $52,555 $88,443 $48,148
Most Recent Five Years
2021 45 $24,583 $39,500 $44,383 $50,602 $66,000 $44,646 $30,004 $48,210 $54,171 $61,760 $80,554 $54,491
2022 45 $37,667 $48,950 $53,667 $60,507 $86,879 $56,209 $42,566 $55,317 $60,648 $68,378 $98,181 $63,521
2023 45 $45,000 $50,625 $56,472 $59,250 $89,667 $56,840 $48,843 $54,948 $61,295 $64,310 $97,324 $61,695
2024 45 $47,000 $54,000 $57,717 $64,000 $81,973 $59,560 $49,552 $56,933 $60,851 $67,476 $86,425 $62,794
2025 45 $46,497 $54,867 $60,007 $65,400 $81.292 $60,657 $47,765 $56,363 $61,643 $67,184 $204,839 $62,311
Change
2024-2025 1.30%
2021-2025 13.79%
2016-2025 33.89%
2011-2025 20.36%
2006-2025 6.85%
2001-2025 6.48%
Dollars in figures are in thousands.
Source: Statement of Disbursements of the House, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change is based on change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 20242026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, is presented in solid green. 20242026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2024.
Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2001-20232025
Congressional Research Service R44323 · VERSION 1517 · UPDATED 2322
R. Eric Petersen Specialist in American National Government
Research Assistant
A number of CRS staff made substantial contributions to this report. Tyler L. Wolanin, former Research Assistant, collected data and coauthored this report. William T. Egar, former Analyst in American National Government, provided technical assistance and authored a section of the report. Wendy MateraSandra L. Edwards, User Support Specialist, and Andrew M. Schaefer, Editor, provided formatting, editorial, and production support.
Previous versions of the report were supported by the following. Tyler L. Wolanin, Raymond T. Williams and Lara Chausow, former Research Assistants, were coauthors and collected some of the data provided. Barbara L. Schwemle, Analyst in American National Government, provided technical assistance. Casey Burgat, former Research Assistant, provided update support. Sandra L. EdwardsJonathan P. Kardashian, User Support Specialist, Jonathan P. KardashianWendy Matera, User Support Specialist, Michael M. McCarthy, Editor, Claudia Guidi, formerly a User Support Specialist, and Alex Marine, former Editor, provided formatting, editorial, and production support. Jacobo Licona, Brian Hamel, Joe Wisniewski, and Claire Laurence, former CRS interns, collected data for this report.
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