Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations for FY2024

Transportation, Housing and Urban
JanuaryJune 26, 2024 26, 2024
Development, and Related Agencies (THUD)
Maggie McCarty,
Appropriations for FY2024
Coordinator Specialist in Housing Policy Specialist in Housing Policy

The House and the Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related The House and the Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related
Agencies (THUD) Appropriations subcommittees are charged with providing annual Agencies (THUD) Appropriations subcommittees are charged with providing annual

Jennifer J. Marshall appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of Housing and appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of Housing and
Analyst in Transportation Urban Development (HUD), and certain related agencies. Urban Development (HUD), and certain related agencies.
This report tracks the progress of the Policy FY2024 THUD appropriations legislation. The FY2024 appropriations process began with the release of the President’s Budget request to The FY2024 appropriations process began with the release of the President’s Budget request to Congress on March 9, 2023. Congress on March 9, 2023.
For the agencies that comprise the THUD budget, it proposed the following: For the agencies that comprise the THUD budget, it proposed the following:
• $27. • $27.89 billion in discretionary funding for DOT, which is 3.1% less than enacted for FY2023. The budget billion in discretionary funding for DOT, which is 3.1% less than enacted for FY2023. The budget
also also includesincluded $79.4 billion in mandatory funding, for an overall DOT total of $107.3 billion (+0.8% $79.4 billion in mandatory funding, for an overall DOT total of $107.3 billion (+0.8%
compared to FY2023). (DOT will also receive an additional $36.8 billion outside the FY2024 appropriation compared to FY2023). (DOT will also receive an additional $36.8 billion outside the FY2024 appropriation
process from Division J of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act [IIJA].) process from Division J of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act [IIJA].)
• $ • $70.6 billion in net budget authority—which accounts for savings from offsetting receipts and collections, which is 21% more than the comparable FY2023 non-emergency total and 14% more when accounting for the emergency funding for regular program activities. In terms of gross appropriations (not accounting for offsets or rescissions), there is $73.3 billion in gross new appropriations for HUD, which is 7.0% more than enacted for FY2023. 73.3 billion in gross new appropriations for HUD, which is 7.0% more than enacted for FY2023.
However, the FY2023 appropriations law also included $3.6 billion in emergency funding to support However, the FY2023 appropriations law also included $3.6 billion in emergency funding to support
regular HUD program activities. When accounting for those funds, the FY2024 request is 1.6% more than regular HUD program activities. When accounting for those funds, the FY2024 request is 1.6% more than
FY2023. In terms of net budget authority—which accounts for savings from offsetting receipts—the
FY2024 request is $70.5 billion, which is 21% more than the comparable FY2023 non-emergency total and
14% more when accounting for the emergency funding for regular program activities.
FY2023. • $453 million for the THUD related agencies, 7.9% more than FY2023. • $453 million for the THUD related agencies, 7.9% more than FY2023.
As a part of the negotiations over a debt limit increase, Congress adopted discretionary spending caps intended to reduce As a part of the negotiations over a debt limit increase, Congress adopted discretionary spending caps intended to reduce
overall spending relative to FY2023 overall spending relative to FY2023 via the Fiscal Responsibility Act (P.L. 118-5). No budget resolution was adopted in FY2024, but that debt limit agreement served to structure the FY2024 process. The THUD subcommittee’s initial spending allocations for FY2024 (or 302(b) allocations) were(P.L. 118-5). Under those limits, the THUD subcommittee’s spending allocation for
FY2024 (or 302(b) allocation) was set 25.3% below FY2023 in the House and 0.9% above FY2023 in the Senate (excluding set 25.3% below FY2023 in the House and 0.9% above FY2023 in the Senate (excluding
emergency funding). emergency funding).
On July 24, the House Appropriations Committee reported its FY2024 THUD appropriations bill, following subcommittee On July 24, the House Appropriations Committee reported its FY2024 THUD appropriations bill, following subcommittee
markup on July 12. H.R. 4820markup on July 12. H.R. 4820, as reported as reported proposes, proposed $144.6 billion in total funding—$65.2 billion in discretionary funding— $144.6 billion in total funding—$65.2 billion in discretionary funding—
for THUD in FY2024, including the following: for THUD in FY2024, including the following:
• $21.6 billion in discretionary funding for DOT, which is 24.9% less than FY2023. H.R. 4820 also • $21.6 billion in discretionary funding for DOT, which is 24.9% less than FY2023. H.R. 4820 also includesincluded
$79.3 billion in mandatory funding, for an overall DOT total of $100.9 billion (-5.1% compared to $79.3 billion in mandatory funding, for an overall DOT total of $100.9 billion (-5.1% compared to
FY2023). FY2023).
• $68.2 billion in net budget authority for HUD, which is an increase of 17.3% above the comparable • $68.2 billion in net budget authority for HUD, which is an increase of 17.3% above the comparable
FY2023 non-emergency total and a 10.4% increase when accounting for emergency funding FY2023 non-emergency total and a 10.4% increase when accounting for emergency funding for regular program operations. Excluding . Excluding
savings from offsets and rescissions, H.R. 4820 savings from offsets and rescissions, H.R. 4820 proposesproposed $71.5 billion in gross appropriations $71.5 billion in gross appropriations to fund HUD’s programs and activities; that is an ; that is an
increase of 4.3% above the FY2023 non-emergency total and a 0.9% increase of 4.3% above the FY2023 non-emergency total and a 0.9% decrease when accounting for when accounting for
emergency fundingemergency funding provided in FY2023 for regular program operations. .
• $452 million for the THUD related agencies, 7.8% more than FY2023. • $452 million for the THUD related agencies, 7.8% more than FY2023.
• A rescission of $25.0 billion in funding from the Department of the Treasury’s Internal Revenue Service • A rescission of $25.0 billion in funding from the Department of the Treasury’s Internal Revenue Service
(IRS). (IRS).
Floor consideration of H.R. 4820 began on November 6, following Rules Committee action on November 2; proceedings were suspended without resolution on November 7. Congressional Research Service THUD Appropriations: FY2024 On July 20, the Senate Appropriations Committee reported its FY2024 THUD appropriations bill, S. 2437. The text of that On July 20, the Senate Appropriations Committee reported its FY2024 THUD appropriations bill, S. 2437. The text of that
bill was incorporated into a three-bill package bill was incorporated into a three-bill package (H.R. 4366) and passed by the full Senate on November 1, 2023. It and passed by the full Senate on November 1, 2023. It proposes proposed $167.5 billion $167.5 billion
in total regular funding—including $88.1 billion in regular discretionary budget authority—as well as $10.8 billion in in total regular funding—including $88.1 billion in regular discretionary budget authority—as well as $10.8 billion in
emergency funding for THUD in FY2024. It emergency funding for THUD in FY2024. It proposesincluded the following: the following:
• $28.0 billion in non-emergency net discretionary funding for DOT, which is 2.7% less than FY2023, but • $28.0 billion in non-emergency net discretionary funding for DOT, which is 2.7% less than FY2023, but
22.930% more than H.R. 4820. Including mandatory funding, the overall % more than H.R. 4820. Including mandatory funding, the overall proposed DOT total DOT total would bewas $107.4 $107.4 billion billion
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(1.0% more than FY2023 and 6.(1.0% more than FY2023 and 6.04% more than H.R. 4820). Additionally, % more than H.R. 4820). Additionally, S. 2437 would provide the Senate bill proposed $469 $469
million in emergency discretionary funding for regular program operations at the FAA. million in emergency discretionary funding for regular program operations at the FAA.
• $59.7 billion in net budget authority for HUD, which is 2.6% more than FY2023 and • $59.7 billion in net budget authority for HUD, which is 2.6% more than FY2023 and 14.312.4% less than H.R. % less than H.R.
4820. Excluding savings from offsets and rescissions, S. 2437 4820. Excluding savings from offsets and rescissions, S. 2437 proposesproposed $62.7 billion in gross $62.7 billion in gross regular (non-(non-
emergency) appropriations for HUD, emergency) appropriations for HUD, which is a decrease of 8.6% relative to FY2023 and a decrease of a decrease of 8.6% relative to FY2023 and a decrease of
14.1% 12.4% relative to H.R. 4820. relative to H.R. 4820. LikeAs in FY2023, S. 2437 FY2023, S. 2437 would provide emergencyproposed additional emergency-designated funding ($10.4 billion) to funding ($10.4 billion) to
support HUD’s regular program activities. When accounting for these emergency funds, S. 2437 support HUD’s regular program activities. When accounting for these emergency funds, S. 2437 would
provideincluded $73.0 billion in gross appropriations for HUD in FY2024, which is 1.2% more than FY2023 and $73.0 billion in gross appropriations for HUD in FY2024, which is 1.2% more than FY2023 and
2.1% more than H.R. 4820. 2.1% more than H.R. 4820.
• $438 million for the THUD related agencies (4.3% more than FY2023; 3. • $438 million for the THUD related agencies (4.3% more than FY2023; 3.32% less than H.R. 4820). % less than H.R. 4820).
Because full-year appropriations were not enacted before the start of the fiscal year, Congress passed and the President signed Because full-year appropriations were not enacted before the start of the fiscal year, Congress passed and the President signed
a a series of a continuing continuing resolution (CRresolutions (CRs) to fund the government—including those agencies typically funded under the ) to fund the government—including those agencies typically funded under the THUD bill. These CRsTHUD bill—
through November 17, 2023 (P.L. 118-15). The CR generally funded agencies at their FY2023 levels, with some anomalies generally funded agencies at their FY2023 levels, with some anomalies
addressing technical budget issues. addressing technical budget issues. The CR(Several CRs also extended the federal aviation program’s authorization, which was scheduled also extended the federal aviation program’s authorization, which was scheduled
to expire on October 1, to expire on October 1, 2023, through December 31, 2023. That date was further extended, through March 8, 2024, by the
Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2023, Part II (P.L. 118-34). A second CR was enacted on November 16, 2023 (P.L.
118-22). It extended the term of the prior CR through January 19, 2024, for four appropriation bills, including THUD, and
through February 2, 2024, for the remaining eight bills. A third CR was signed into law on January 19, 2024, which extended
funding for four appropriations bills, including THUD, through March 1, 2024, and for the remaining eight bills through
March 8, 2024 (P.L. 118-35).

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link to page 5 link to page 6 link to page 6 link to page 7 link to page 8 link to page 8 link to page 8 link to page 10 link to page 13 link to page 14 link to page 16 link to page 16 link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 20 link to page 20 link to page 20 link to page 21 link to page 22 link to page 24 link to page 7 link to page 9 link to page 10 link to page 13 link to page 13 link to page 15 link to page 15 link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 21 link to page 24 link to page 252023.) On March 9, 2024, the FY2024 Consolidated Appropriations Act was signed into law (P.L. 118-42), following passage by the House on March 6 and the Senate on March 8. The law provides FY2024 funding for six bills, including THUD (Division F). It contains the following: • $27.0 billion in non-emergency net discretionary funding for DOT, which is 6.1% less than FY2023, about 25% more than was proposed in the House Appropriations Committee bill, and 3.5% less than was proposed by the Senate. Including mandatory funding, the overall DOT total is $106.4 billion (essentially equal to FY2023). • $62.1 billion in regular (non-emergency) net budget authority for HUD, which is 6.7% more than FY2023, about 9% less than proposed by the House Appropriations Committee, and 4% more than proposed by the Senate. This net total reflects $67.7 billion in gross regular (non-emergency) appropriations for HUD (which is a decrease of 1.1% relative to FY2023) and $5.7 billion in savings from offsets and rescissions. The amount of savings from offsets and rescissions is 47% less than FY2023, but more than double what was estimated for the House Appropriations Committee and Senate bills, as a result of scoring instructions from the Budget committees. Additionally, as in FY2023 and proposed in the Senate, the final law provides emergency funding ($8 billion) to support HUD’s regular program activities. When accounting for these emergency funds, the law provides $75.7 billion in gross appropriations for HUD in FY2024, which is 5% more than FY2023, nearly 6% more than the House Appropriations Committee bill, and 3.7% more than the Senate. • $428 million for the THUD related agencies (1.9% more than FY2023, 5.4% less than H.R. 4820, and 2.3% less than the Senate). Congressional Research Service link to page 5 link to page 5 link to page 6 link to page 7 link to page 7 link to page 8 link to page 8 link to page 9 link to page 9 link to page 11 link to page 16 link to page 17 link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 19 link to page 23 link to page 23 link to page 24 link to page 25 link to page 26 link to page 28 link to page 25 link to page 7 link to page 10 link to page 12 link to page 17 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 29 link to page 30 THUD Appropriations: FY2024

Contents
FY2024 Budget Process .................................................................................................................. 1
Statutory Budget Enforcement in FY2024 ................................................................................ 21
Procedural Budget Enforcement in FY2024 ............................................................................. 2
FY2024 THUD Appropriations Process .......................................................................................... 3
President’s Budget ..................................................................................................................... 43
House Action ............................................................................................................................. 4
Senate Action ............................................................................................................................ 4
Department of Transportation Continuing Resolutions ........................................................................................................... 6
Major Differences Between House and Senate Proposed Funding .. 5 Final Action ............................................................. 9
Additional Funding for FY2024 Provided in the IIJA .................................................................. 105
Department of Housing and Urban Development Transportation.......................................................................................................... 12
Overview7 Major Differences Between House and Senate Proposed Funding ......................................... 12 Additional Funding for FY2024 Provided in the IIJA ............................................................ 13 Department of Housing and Urban Development ........................................................................ 12
Agency Funding . 14 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 13
... 14 FY2024 HUD Appropriations ................................................................................................. 1315
Selected FY2024 HUD Appropriations Topics ....................................................................... 1619
Declining FHA Receipts ............................................................................................................ 1619
Emergency-Designated Funding for Rental Assistance Renewals ................................... 1620
Program Eliminations and Reductions in H.R. 4820 ........................................................ 1721
General Provisions ............................................................................................................ 1822
THUD Related Agencies ............................................................................................................... 2024

Tables
Table 1. FY2024 THUD 302(b) Suballocations in ContextFigures Figure 1. Rental Assistance Renewal Funding ............................................................ 3
Table 2. THUD Appropriations by Bill Title, FY2023-FY2024...................................................... 5
Table 3. Department of Transportation, FY2023-FY2024 Detailed Appropriations.................. 21 Tables Table 1. FY2024 THUD 302(b) Suballocations in Context ........................ ....................... 6
Table 4. FY2023 Enacted and FY2024 Proposed Discretionary Funding for
Selected DOT Programs ........................................................ 3 Table 2. THUD Appropriations by Bill Title, FY2023-FY2024....................................................... 9
Table 5. FY2024 Department of Transportation Funding Provided in the IIJA, Outside the
FY2024 THUD Appropriations Act .......... 6 Table 3. Department of Transportation, FY2023-FY2024 Detailed Appropriations ........................................... 8 Table 4. FY2024 DOT Budget Authority by Administration and Source ....................................... 11
13 Table 65. Department of Housing and Urban Development,
FY2023-FY2024 Detailed Appropriations ................................................................................. 13
Table 7. Emergency Funding Share of Rental Assistance Renewal Funding ................................ 17
Table 815 Table 6. THUD Related Agencies, FY2023-FY2024 Detailed Appropriations ............................. 20 25

Contacts
Author Information ........................................................................................................................ 2126


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THUD Appropriations: FY2024

he House and the Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related he House and the Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related
Agencies (THUD) Appropriations subcommittees are charged with providing annual Agencies (THUD) Appropriations subcommittees are charged with providing annual
T appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of Housing T appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of Housing
and Urban Development (HUD), and certain related agencies. and Urban Development (HUD), and certain related agencies.
This report describes action on FY2024 annual appropriations for THUD, including detailed This report describes action on FY2024 annual appropriations for THUD, including detailed
tables for each major agency and a brief overview of selected issues. tables for each major agency and a brief overview of selected issues.
Latest Development: FY2024 Continuing Resolutions
THUD agencies are currently funded via a continuing resolution (CR) through March 1, 2024 (P.L. 118-15 as
amended by P.L. 118-22 and P.L. 118-35). Generally, the CR funds agencies and programs at the FY2023 rate of
operations, with some anomalies addressing technical budget issues. Title II of Division B of P.L. 118-15 extended
the authorization of federal aviation programs, which were scheduled to expire at the end of FY2023, through
December 31, 2023; that date was further extended, through March 8, 2024, by the Airport and Airway Extension
Act of 2023, Part II (P.L. 118-34).
FY2024 Budget Process
Appropriations for DOT, HUD, and the related agencies typically funded in the THUD bill Appropriations for DOT, HUD, and the related agencies typically funded in the THUD bill
happen in the context of the broader annual congressional appropriations process. That process happen in the context of the broader annual congressional appropriations process. That process
generally begins with the submission of the President’s budget request, followed by adoption of generally begins with the submission of the President’s budget request, followed by adoption of
congressional spending limits (generally, in a budget resolution) that set the overall level of congressional spending limits (generally, in a budget resolution) that set the overall level of
spending for that fiscal year’s appropriations bills. From there, the subcommittees of the House spending for that fiscal year’s appropriations bills. From there, the subcommittees of the House
and Senate Committees on Appropriations generally begin action on each of the 12 appropriations and Senate Committees on Appropriations generally begin action on each of the 12 appropriations
bills. While each bill reported out of the Appropriations Committee may receive floor bills. While each bill reported out of the Appropriations Committee may receive floor
consideration individually, in recent years it has been more common for bills to be considered in consideration individually, in recent years it has been more common for bills to be considered in
combination with one another in consolidated or omnibus appropriations acts. combination with one another in consolidated or omnibus appropriations acts.
The President’s budget request for the upcoming fiscal year The President’s budget request for the upcoming fiscal year wasis due to be submitted to Congress due to be submitted to Congress
by the first Monday in February. by the first Monday in February. However, theThe President’s budget request for FY2024 was President’s budget request for FY2024 was
submitted on March 9, 2023, about five weeks after it was due. It was preceded by the enactment submitted on March 9, 2023, about five weeks after it was due. It was preceded by the enactment
of FY2023 full-year annual appropriations (P.L. 117-328) on December 29, 2022, about three of FY2023 full-year annual appropriations (P.L. 117-328) on December 29, 2022, about three
months into the fiscal year. The delay of the budget submission allowed the FY2023 funding months into the fiscal year. The delay of the budget submission allowed the FY2023 funding
amounts in the budget materials generally to reflect the annual appropriations amounts in the budget materials generally to reflect the annual appropriations inas enacted in late December.1 December.1
For FY2024, the discretionary spending levels in appropriations measures are enforceable by both For FY2024, the discretionary spending levels in appropriations measures are enforceable by both
statutory and procedural means. Statutory budget enforcement is through the discretionary statutory and procedural means. Statutory budget enforcement is through the discretionary
spending limits in the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (BBEDCA; spending limits in the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (BBEDCA;
P.L. 99-177), as amended. These statutory limits are enforced through P.L. 99-177), as amended. These statutory limits are enforced through sequestration, which is , which is
largely across-the-board reductions made to the category of spending that is in excess of the limit largely across-the-board reductions made to the category of spending that is in excess of the limit
(defense or nondefense), to eliminate the excess spending.2 Procedural budget enforcement is (defense or nondefense), to eliminate the excess spending.2 Procedural budget enforcement is
primarily associated with the budget resolution, which provides a process for the House andprimarily associated with the budget resolution, which provides a process for the House and Senate to agree on budgetary targets ahead of consideration of spending and revenue legislation. These targets are enforced through points of order. Statutory Budget Enforcement in FY2024 The statutory limits on discretionary spending that were in effect for the FY2024 funding cycle were enacted as part of the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 (FRA; P.L. 118-5) on June 3, 2023.3 (Prior to the FRA, statutory limits on discretionary spending had been in effect between FY2012

1 On May 9, the President submitted amendments to the FY2024 budget that included changes to the language, but not 1 On May 9, the President submitted amendments to the FY2024 budget that included changes to the language, but not
the amounts, requested for specified HUD and DOT accounts. See budget amendments package at the amounts, requested for specified HUD and DOT accounts. See budget amendments package at
https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/FY_2024_Budget_Amendment_Corrections_5-9-23.pdf. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/FY_2024_Budget_Amendment_Corrections_5-9-23.pdf.
2 The Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 also contains procedures by which these limits might be temporarily or 2 The Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 also contains procedures by which these limits might be temporarily or
permanently adjusted in the case of a continuing resolution. For a summary of these adjustments, see CRS Insight permanently adjusted in the case of a continuing resolution. For a summary of these adjustments, see CRS Insight
IN12168, IN12168, Discretionary Spending Caps in the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023, by Grant A. Driessen and Megan S. , by Grant A. Driessen and Megan S.
Lynch. Lynch.
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Senate to agree on budgetary targets ahead of consideration of spending and revenue legislation.
These targets are enforced through points of order.
Statutory Budget Enforcement in FY2024
The statutory limits on discretionary spending that are currently in effect were enacted as part of
the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 (FRA; P.L. 118-5) on June 3, 2023.3 (Prior to the FRA,
statutory limits on discretionary spending had been in effect between FY2012 3 CRS Insight IN12168, Discretionary Spending Caps in the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023, by Grant A. Driessen and Megan S. Lynch. Congressional Research Service 1 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 and FY2021, but and FY2021, but
had expired at the end of FY2021.4) The FRA amended the BBEDCA to provide limits on defense had expired at the end of FY2021.4) The FRA amended the BBEDCA to provide limits on defense
discretionary (all spending under budget function 050) and nondefense discretionary (all other discretionary (all spending under budget function 050) and nondefense discretionary (all other
spending) for FY2024 and FY2025.5 spending) for FY2024 and FY2025.5 AllNearly all of the funding in the THUD bill is subject to the nondefense funding in the THUD bill is subject to the nondefense
limit. The statutory limit on nondefense discretionary spending for FY2024 is $703.65 billion. limit. The statutory limit on nondefense discretionary spending for FY2024 is $703.65 billion.
This would beThis is a $40.2 billion (-5%) reduction relative to FY2023 enacted nondefense a $40.2 billion (-5%) reduction relative to FY2023 enacted nondefense
discretionary funding, when accounting for discretionary funding, when accounting for CBOCongressional Budget Office (CBO) scorekeeping, and prior to any adjustments to scorekeeping, and prior to any adjustments to
the limits pursuant to BBEDCA authorities.6 the limits pursuant to BBEDCA authorities.6
Procedural Budget Enforcement in FY2024
The budget resolution process dates back to the Congressional Budget Act of 1974The budget resolution process dates back to the Congressional Budget Act of 1974, and. It is used is used
each year to impose a limit on total discretionary spending available to the appropriations each year to impose a limit on total discretionary spending available to the appropriations
committees (commonly referred to as a committees (commonly referred to as a 302(a) allocation) and, subsequently, limits on spending ) and, subsequently, limits on spending
under the jurisdiction of each appropriations subcommittee (referred to as under the jurisdiction of each appropriations subcommittee (referred to as 302(b)
suballocations).7 ).7
As of the As of the cover date of this report, there date of this report, there has beenwas no House or Senate action on a FY2024 budget no House or Senate action on a FY2024 budget
resolution. For the purposes of providing 302(a) allocations and budgetary aggregates for the resolution. For the purposes of providing 302(a) allocations and budgetary aggregates for the
consideration of FY2024 appropriations, as well as other matters that would have been consideration of FY2024 appropriations, as well as other matters that would have been
traditionally associated with the budget resolution, the FRA directed the Chairs of the House traditionally associated with the budget resolution, the FRA directed the Chairs of the House
Budget Committee and Senate Budget Committee to enter those amounts into the Budget Committee and Senate Budget Committee to enter those amounts into the Congressional

3 CRS Insight IN12168, Discretionary Spending Caps in the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023, by Grant A. Driessen
and Megan S. Lynch.
Record as soon as practicable. These were published in the Senate on June 21, 2023, but were not published in the House.8 Generally, the next step in the appropriations process is for each of the appropriations committees to adopt suballocations from the total amount allocated to them. These 302(b) suballocations provide a limit on current-year (i.e., FY2024) appropriations within each subcommittee’s jurisdiction and incorporate any applicable scorekeeping adjustments made by CBO.9 On June 15, 2023, the House Appropriations Committee voted to report its initial suballocations for all 12 bills, including THUD (33-27).10 Subsequently, the Senate Appropriations Committee voted to 4 These limits were initially established in 2011 by the amendments made by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA; 4 These limits were initially established in 2011 by the amendments made by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA;
P.L. 112-25) to the BBEDCA, but they were subsequently revised several times over the course of their effectiveness. P.L. 112-25) to the BBEDCA, but they were subsequently revised several times over the course of their effectiveness.
For a summary of these changes, see CRS Insight IN11148, For a summary of these changes, see CRS Insight IN11148, The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019: Changes to the BCA
and Debt Limit, by Grant A. Driessen and Megan S. Lynch. , by Grant A. Driessen and Megan S. Lynch.
5 For further information, see CRS 5 For further information, see CRS Report R44874, The Budget Control Act: Frequently Asked Questions, by Grant A.
Driessen and Megan S. LynchInsight IN12183, The FRA’s Discretionary Spending Caps Under a CR: FAQs, by Drew C. Aherne and Megan S. Lynch . .
6 These calculations are based on the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), Report on the Status of Discretionary 6 These calculations are based on the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), Report on the Status of Discretionary
Appropriations, Appropriations, Fiscal Year 2023FY2023, U.S. Senate, February 10, 2023, https://www.cbo.gov/system/files?file=2023-, U.S. Senate, February 10, 2023, https://www.cbo.gov/system/files?file=2023-
02/FY2023-Senate-2022-12-23.pdf. 02/FY2023-Senate-2022-12-23.pdf. Note that CBO tabulates a slightly different amount of funding using House CBO tabulates a slightly different amount of funding using House
conventions in CBO, Report on the Status of Discretionary Appropriations, conventions in CBO, Report on the Status of Discretionary Appropriations, Fiscal Year 2023FY2023, U.S. House of , U.S. House of
Representatives, February 10, 2023, https://www.cbo.gov/system/files?file=2023-02/FY2023-House-2022-12-Representatives, February 10, 2023, https://www.cbo.gov/system/files?file=2023-02/FY2023-House-2022-12-
23.pdf. The FRA includes a provision described as incentivizing Members to enact regular full-year appropriations
legislation. The FRA states that in the event that a continuing resolution (CR) is in effect on January 1 of 2024 or 2025
for any budget account, the discretionary spending limits for that fiscal year are automatically revised. The revision
would result in an increase in nondefense discretionary budget authority and a decrease for defense discretionary
spending levels when compared with the original levels. Under such a scenario, a sequester order would be issued on
April 30 of either 2024 or 2025. The FRA states that the revised limits would revert to the original FRA limits if full-
year appropriations were enacted before April 3023.pdf. For more information, see CRS Insight IN12183, The FRA’s . For more information, see CRS Insight IN12183, The FRA’s
Discretionary Spending Caps Under a CR: FAQs, by Drew C. Aherne and Megan S. Lynch. Discretionary Spending Caps Under a CR: FAQs, by Drew C. Aherne and Megan S. Lynch.
7 For further information, see CRS Report 98-815, 7 For further information, see CRS Report 98-815, Budget Resolution Enforcement, by Bill Heniff Jr. , by Bill Heniff Jr.
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Record as soon as practicable. These were published in the Senate on June 21, 2023, but have not
yet been published in the House.8
Generally, the next step in the appropriations process is for each of the appropriations committees
to adopt suballocations from the total amount allocated to them. These 302(b) suballocations
provide a limit on current-year (i.e., FY2024) appropriations within each subcommittee’s
jurisdiction and incorporate any applicable scorekeeping adjustments made by CBO.9 On June 15,
2023, the House Appropriations Committee voted to report its initial suballocations for all 12
bills, including THUD (33-27).10 Subsequently, the Senate Appropriations Committee voted to
report its suballocations on June 22, 2023 (15-13);11 they have since been8 “Budget Enforcement Levels,” Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 169, no. 108 (June 21, 2023), pp. S2180-S2181. 9 Such suballocations are commonly revised throughout the appropriations process to reflect changing budgetary priorities. 10 The House Appropriations Committee suballocations have not yet been formally reported, but have been published by the House Appropriations Committee at https://appropriations.house.gov/sites/republicans.appropriations.house.gov/files/documents/FY24%20House%20Subcommittee%20Allocations%206.13.23_0.pdf. Congressional Research Service 2 link to page 7 link to page 7 link to page 10 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 report its suballocations on June 22, 2023 (15-13);11 they were subsequently amended several amended several
times.12 times.12
Table 1 shows the suballocation to the THUD Subcommittees, compared to the applicable shows the suballocation to the THUD Subcommittees, compared to the applicable
FY2023 enacted level, the President’s FY2024 budget request, and FY2024 enacted figures. FY2023 enacted level, the President’s FY2024 budget request, and FY2024 enacted figures.
Table 1. FY2024 THUD 302(b) Suballocations in Context
(dollars in billions) (dollars in billions)
President’s
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
House
Senate
FY2024

Enacted
Enacted
Request
FY2024 302(b)
FY2024 302(b)
Enacted
THUD
81.038 81.038
87.332 87.332
98.876 98.876
65.208 65.208
98.931

Regular
Discretionary
97.484a 89.484 Regular Discretionary Net Budget
Authority
Sources: The FY2022 Enacted amounts are from CBO, The FY2022 Enacted amounts are from CBO, Report on the Status of Discretionary Appropriations, Fiscal
Year 2022, House of Representatives, as of May 26July 28, 2022, https://www.cbo.gov/system/files, https://www.cbo.gov/system/files?file=2022-05//2022-08/FY2022-FY2022-
House-2022-05-26.pdf, and Table 3, “Estimated Discretionary Spending Under Division B of S. 2938, Bipartisan
Safer Communities Act, as Amended by Senate Amendment Number 5099,” in CBO, “Cost Estimate,” June 22,
2022, https://www.cbo.gov/system/files?file=2022-06/S2938House-2022-07-28.pdf..pdf. TheThe FY2023 Enacted amounts are from CBO, FY2023 Enacted amounts are from CBO,
CBO Estimate for Divisions A through N of H.R. 2617 (as modified by S.A. 6552), the Consolidated Appropriations Act,
20232023, December 21, 2022, https://www.cbo.gov/publication/58872. The FY2024 House Appropriations , December 21, 2022, https://www.cbo.gov/publication/58872. The FY2024 House Appropriations
Committee initial suballocations are as published at https://appropriations.house.gov/sites/Committee initial suballocations are as published at https://appropriations.house.gov/sites/
republicans.evo-subsites/republicans-appropriations.house.gov/files/documents/appropriations.house.gov/files/documents/FY24%20House%20Subcommittee%20Allocations%206.13.23_0.pdf. The latest FY2023 Senate Appropriations Committee .pdf. The latest FY2023 Senate Appropriations Committee
suballocations as of the date of this report were as published in S.Rept. 118-suballocations as of the date of this report were as published in S.Rept. 118-108.
169, but have been adjusted to account for the $10.371 bil ion in emergency spending not subject to spending caps. The FY2024 enacted comes from the CBO score of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2024-03/Consolidated%20Appropriations%20Act%202024.pdf. See Table 2 for President’s Budget amount. Notes: Amounts reflect current-year discretionary budget authority subject to spending limits. Emergency Amounts reflect current-year discretionary budget authority subject to spending limits. Emergency
appropriations and mandatory funding, which do not count against discretionary spending limits, are excluded. appropriations and mandatory funding, which do not count against discretionary spending limits, are excluded.
a. Total appears to include amounts designated for an emergency requirement, which, in the Senate bil , totaled $10.371 bil ion. FY2024 THUD Appropriations Process
The following summarizes FY2024 appropriations actionsThe following summarizes FY2024 appropriations actions;; Table 2 tracks FY2024 THUD tracks FY2024 THUD
funding at the bill title level.funding at the bill title level.

8 “Budget Enforcement Levels,” Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 169, no. 108 (June 21, 2023), pp. S2180-
S2181.
9 Such suballocations are commonly revised throughout the appropriations process to reflect changing budgetary
priorities.
10 The House Appropriations Committee suballocations have not yet been formally reported, but have been published
by the House Appropriations Committee at https://appropriations.house.gov/sites/republicans.appropriations.house.gov/
files/documents/FY24%20House%20Subcommittee%20Allocations%206.13.23_0.pdf.
11 S.Rept. 118-45.
12 S.Rept. 118-57, S.Rept. 118-69, and S.Rept. 118-78.
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President’s Budget
As noted earlier, the President’s Budget request to Congress was submitted on March 9, 2023. For
the agencies that comprise the THUD budget, it proposed the following:
• $27.8 billion in discretionary funding for DOT, which is 3.1% less than FY2023.
The budget also includes $79.4 billion in mandatory funding, for an overall DOT
total of $107.3 billion (+0.8% compared to FY2023).
• President’s Budget As noted earlier, the President’s Budget request to Congress was submitted on March 9, 2023. For the agencies that comprise the THUD budget, it proposed the following: • $27.9 billion in discretionary funding for DOT, which is 3.1% less than enacted for FY2023. The budget also included $79.4 billion in mandatory funding, for an overall DOT total of $107.3 billion (+0.8% compared to FY2023). (DOT will also receive an additional $36.8 billion outside the FY2024 appropriation process from Division J of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act [IIJA].) 11 S.Rept. 118-45. 12 S.Rept. 118-57, S.Rept. 118-69, S.Rept. 118-78, S.Rept. 118-98, S.Rept. 118-108, S.Rept. 118-162, S.Rept. 118-169. Congressional Research Service 3 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 • $70.6 billion in net budget authority—which accounts for savings from offsetting receipts and collections, which is 21% more than the comparable FY2023 non-emergency total and 14% more when accounting for the emergency funding for regular program activities. In terms of gross appropriations (not accounting or offsets or rescissions), there is $73.3 billion in gross new appropriations for HUD, which is 7.0% more than $73.3 billion in gross new appropriations for HUD, which is 7.0% more than the
regular gross appropriations provided inenacted for FY2023. However, the FY2023 FY2023. However, the FY2023
appropriations law also included $3.6 billion in emergency funding to support appropriations law also included $3.6 billion in emergency funding to support
regular HUD program activities. When accounting for those funds, the FY2024 regular HUD program activities. When accounting for those funds, the FY2024
request is 1.6% more than FY2023. request is 1.6% more than FY2023. In terms of net budget authority—which
accounts for savings from offsetting receipts—the FY2024 request is $70.5
billion, which is 21% more than the comparable FY2023 non-emergency net
budget authority total and 14% more when accounting for the emergency funding
for regular program activities provided in FY2023.
• $453 million for the THUD related agencies, 7.9% more than FY2023. • $453 million for the THUD related agencies, 7.9% more than FY2023.
House Action
On July 24, 2023, the House Appropriations Committee reported its FY2024 THUD On July 24, 2023, the House Appropriations Committee reported its FY2024 THUD
appropriations bill, following subcommittee markup on July 12. H.R. 4820appropriations bill, following subcommittee markup on July 12. H.R. 4820, as reported as reported proposes, proposed
$144.6 billion in total funding—$65.2 billion in discretionary funding—for THUD in FY2024, $144.6 billion in total funding—$65.2 billion in discretionary funding—for THUD in FY2024,
including the following: including the following:
• $21.6 billion in discretionary funding for DOT, which is 24.9% less than • $21.6 billion in discretionary funding for DOT, which is 24.9% less than
FY2023. H.R. 4820 also FY2023. H.R. 4820 also includesincluded $79.3 billion in mandatory funding, for an $79.3 billion in mandatory funding, for an
overall DOT total of $100.9 billion (-5.1% compared to FY2023). overall DOT total of $100.9 billion (-5.1% compared to FY2023).
• $68.2 billion in net budget authority for HUD, which is an increase of 17.3% • $68.2 billion in net budget authority for HUD, which is an increase of 17.3%
above the comparable FY2023 non-emergency total and a 10.4% increase when above the comparable FY2023 non-emergency total and a 10.4% increase when
FY2023accounting for emergency funding emergency funding is included. This amount accounts for for regular program operations. Excluding savings from savings from
offsets and rescissionsoffsets and rescissions; excluding those savings and looking only at gross new
, H.R. 4820 proposed $71.5 billion in gross appropriations appropriations forto fund HUD’s programs and activities HUD’s programs and activities, H.R. 4820 proposes $71.5
billion,; that is an increase of 4.3% an increase of 4.3% above the FY2023 non-emergency total and a 0.9% decrease when accounting for emergency funding provided in FY2023 for regular program operationsabove FY2023. When accounting for FY2023
emergency funding, gross new appropriations provided in H.R. 4820 would
provide a 0.9% decrease relative to FY2023. .
• $452 million for the THUD related agencies, 7.8% more than FY2023. • $452 million for the THUD related agencies, 7.8% more than FY2023.
• A rescission of $25.0 billion in funding from the Department of the Treasury’s • A rescission of $25.0 billion in funding from the Department of the Treasury’s
Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Internal Revenue Service (IRS).
Floor consideration of H.R. 4820 began on November 6, following Rules Committee action on November 2; proceedings were suspended without resolution on November 7. Senate Action
On July 20, the Senate Appropriations Committee reported its FY2024 THUD appropriations bill, On July 20, the Senate Appropriations Committee reported its FY2024 THUD appropriations bill,
S. 2437. The text of that legislation was incorporated into a three-bill spending package and S. 2437. The text of that legislation was incorporated into a three-bill spending package and
passed by the full Senate on November 1 (H.R. 4366). It passed by the full Senate on November 1 (H.R. 4366). It includesincluded $167.5 billion in total regular $167.5 billion in total regular
funding—including $88.1 billion in regular discretionary budget authority—as well as $10.8 funding—including $88.1 billion in regular discretionary budget authority—as well as $10.8
billion in emergency funding for THUD in FY2024. It billion in emergency funding for THUD in FY2024. It proposesproposed the following: the following:
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• $28.0 billion in non-emergency net discretionary funding for DOT, which is • $28.0 billion in non-emergency net discretionary funding for DOT, which is
2.7% less than FY2023, but 2.7% less than FY2023, but 22.930% more than H.R. 4820. % more than H.R. 4820. Together with $79.4
billion in mandatory Including mandatory funding, the overall funding, the overall proposed DOT total DOT total would bewas $107.4 billion $107.4 billion
(1.0% more than FY2023 and 6.(1.0% more than FY2023 and 6.04% more than H.R. 4820). Additionally, % more than H.R. 4820). Additionally, S. 2437
would provide the Senate bill proposed $469 million in emergency discretionary funding for regular $469 million in emergency discretionary funding for regular
program operations program operations at the FAA. Congressional Research Service 4 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 at the FAA.
• $59.7 billion in net budget authority for HUD, which is 2.6% more than FY2023 • $59.7 billion in net budget authority for HUD, which is 2.6% more than FY2023
and and 14.312.4% less than H.R. 4820. % less than H.R. 4820. This amount accounts forExcluding savings from offsets savings from offsets
and rescissionsand rescissions; excluding those savings, , S. 2437 S. 2437 proposesproposed $62.7 billion in gross $62.7 billion in gross
regular (non-emergency) appropriations for HUD, (non-emergency) appropriations for HUD, which is a decrease of 8.6% a decrease of 8.6%
relative to FY2023 and a decrease of relative to FY2023 and a decrease of 14.112.4% relative to H.R. 4820. % relative to H.R. 4820. LikeAs in FY2023, FY2023,
S. 2437 would provide emergency S. 2437 proposed additional emergency-designated funding ($10.4 billion) to support HUD’s funding ($10.4 billion) to support HUD’s
regular program activities. When accounting for these emergency funds, S. 2437 regular program activities. When accounting for these emergency funds, S. 2437
would provideincluded $73.0 billion in gross appropriations for HUD in FY2024, which $73.0 billion in gross appropriations for HUD in FY2024, which
is 1.2% more than FY2023 and 2.1% more than H.R. 4820. is 1.2% more than FY2023 and 2.1% more than H.R. 4820.
• $438 million for the THUD related agencies (4.3% more than FY2023; 3. • $438 million for the THUD related agencies (4.3% more than FY2023; 3.3% less
than H.R. 48202% less than H.R. 4820). Continuing Resolutions Because full-year appropriations were not enacted before the start of the fiscal year, Congress passed and the President signed a series of continuing resolutions (CRs) to fund the government—including those agencies typically funded under the THUD bill—until final enactment of full-year appropriations. • The first CR extended funding through November 17, 2023 (P.L. 118-15). It generally funded agencies at their FY2023 levels, with some anomalies addressing technical budget issues. The CR also extended the federal aviation program’s authorization, which was scheduled to expire on October 1, 2023, through December 31, 2023. That date was further extended, through March 8, 2024, by the Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2023, Part II (P.L. 118-34). • A second CR was enacted on November 16, 2023 (P.L. 118-22). It extended the term of the prior CR through January 19, 2024, for four appropriation bills, including THUD; and through February 2, 2024, for the remaining eight bills. • A third CR was signed into law on January 19, 2024, which extended funding for four appropriations bills, including THUD, through March 1, 2024; and for the remaining eight bills through March 8, 2024 (P.L. 118-35). • The fourth and final CR was signed into law on March 1, 2024 (P.L. 118-40). It extended funding for THUD and the three other bills with funding slated to expire that day through March 8, 2024 (and the remaining eight bills through March 22, 2024). Final Action On March 9, 2024, the FY2024 Consolidated Appropriations Act was signed into law (P.L. 118-42), following passage by the House on March 6 and the Senate on March 8. The law provides full FY2024 funding for six bills, including THUD (Division F). It contains the following: • $27.0 billion in non-emergency net discretionary funding for DOT, which is 6.1% less than FY2023, about 25% more than was proposed in the House Appropriations Committee bill, and 3.5% less than was proposed by the Senate. Including mandatory funding, the overall DOT total is $106.4 billion (essentially equal to FY2023). • $62.1 billion in regular (non-emergency) net budget authority for HUD, which is 6.7% more than FY2023, about 9% less than proposed by the House Appropriations Committee, and 4% more than proposed by the Senate. This net Congressional Research Service 5 link to page 10 link to page 10 link to page 10 link to page 10 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 11 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 total reflects $67.7 billion in gross regular (non-emergency) appropriations for HUD (which is a decrease of 1.1% relative to FY2023) and $5.7 billion in savings from offsets and rescissions. The amount of savings from offsets and rescissions is 47% less than FY2023, but more than double what was estimated for the House Appropriations Committee and Senate bills, as a result of scoring instructions from the Budget committees. Additionally, as in FY2023 and proposed in the Senate, the final law provides emergency funding ($8 billion) to support HUD’s regular program activities. When accounting for these emergency funds, the law provides $75.7 billion in gross appropriations for HUD in FY2024, which is 5% more than FY2023, nearly 6% more than the House Appropriations Committee bill, and 3.7% more than the Senate. • $428 million for the THUD related agencies (1.9% more than FY2023, 5.4% less than H.R. 4820, and 2.3% less than the Senate). ).
Table 2. THUD Appropriations by Bill Title, FY2023-FY2024
(dollars in millions) (dollars in millions)
FY2024
FY2023
FY2024
House
FY2024
FY2024
Enacted
Request
Comm.
Senate
Enacted

Title I: DOT Title I: DOT
106,349a349a
107,252 107,252
100,915 100,915
107, 107,366b

366b 106,365 Discretionary
28,735a
27,850
21,574
2727,964b
26,987c
Mandatory
77,614
79,402
79,342
79,402
79,378
Title II: HUD Title II: HUD
58,178c58,178d
70,573 70,573
68,217 68,217
70,060d

59,689e 62,069f,c Title III: Related Agencies Title III: Related Agencies
420 420
453 453
452 452
438 438

428 Title IV: General Provisions Title IV: General Provisions

0 0
-25,035 -25,035
0 0

0 THUD Total
164,946d,946e
178,278
144,550
167,493e
493g 168,862f
Total Discretionary
87,332de
98,876
65,208
88,091eg 89,484f

Total Mandatory
77,614
79,402
79,342
79,402
79,378
Emergency Appropriations
9,640fh
0
0
10,840e
840i 8,000j
Additional (Advance) Appropriations (DOT, IIJA)
36,811
36,811
36,811
36,811
36,811
Sources: FY2023 Enacted, FY2024 President’s Request, and FY2024 House figures are taken from the FY2023 Enacted, FY2024 President’s Request, and FY2024 House figures are taken from the
Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 118-154Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 118-154 beginning on p. 410, as , as
well as congressional budget justifications. FY2024 Senate figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of well as congressional budget justifications. FY2024 Senate figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of
New Budget Authority table, as published in S.Rept. 118-70New Budget Authority table, as published in S.Rept. 118-70, beginning on p. 219.. Final FY2024 enacted figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority tables published in the Explanatory Statement accompanying H.R. 4366 as passed the House and the Senate, as well as the text of the Explanatory Statement and bil , all available in the March 5, 2024, Congressional Record for Division F. IIJA appropriations taken from S.Rept. 118-70 accompanying S. 2437, “Other Appropriations.” Some figures have been Some figures have been
adjusted for comparability. adjusted for comparability.
Notes: Values may not sum to totals or exactly match source materials because of rounding. Totals include both Values may not sum to totals or exactly match source materials because of rounding. Totals include both
discretionary budget authority and contract authority (a type of mandatory budget authority provided to DOT discretionary budget authority and contract authority (a type of mandatory budget authority provided to DOT
that is not included in the that is not included in the billbil ’s discretionary budget authority figure). Amounts noted as “emergency” are ’s discretionary budget authority figure). Amounts noted as “emergency” are
excluded when calculating total funds countable towards 302(b) allocation. excluded when calculating total funds countable towards 302(b) allocation.
a. Excludes $1.107 a. Excludes $1.107 billionbil ion in supplemental appropriations designated as an emergency requirement provided by in supplemental appropriations designated as an emergency requirement provided by
Division N of P.L. 117-328, shown under “Emergency Appropriations” later in this Division N of P.L. 117-328, shown under “Emergency Appropriations” later in this table. b. Excludes $469 mil ion in appropriations designated as emergency spending in the bil , shown under “Emergency Appropriations” later in this table. table.
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b. Excludes $469 million in appropriations designated as emergency spending in the bill, shown under
“Emergency Appropriations” later in this table.
c. Excludes $2 billionc. Section 549 of Division C of P.L. 118-47 amended the FY2024 THUD appropriations act to rescind from unobligated balances $1 mil ion from HUD’s Community Development Fund account (Economic Development Initiatives grants) and to increase funding for DOT’s Transit Infrastructure Grants by $1 mil ion. Those adjustments are not reflected in this table. d. Excludes $2 bil ion in emergency disaster Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery in emergency disaster Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery
(CDBG-DR) funding provided by P.L. 117-180 and $6.623 (CDBG-DR) funding provided by P.L. 117-180 and $6.623 billionbil ion in supplemental funding for HUD provided in supplemental funding for HUD provided
in Division N of P.L. 117-328, shown under “Emergency Appropriations” later in this table. in Division N of P.L. 117-328, shown under “Emergency Appropriations” later in this table.
de. Excludes $10.371 . Excludes $10.371 billionbil ion in appropriations designated as emergency spending in the in appropriations designated as emergency spending in the billbil , shown under , shown under
“Emergency Appropriations” later in this table. “Emergency Appropriations” later in this table.
e. Includes $10.840 billionf. Excludes $8 bil ion in appropriations designated as emergency spending in the bil , shown under “Emergency Appropriations” later in this table. g. Excludes $10.840 bil ion in appropriations designated as emergency spending in the in appropriations designated as emergency spending in the billbil , shown under , shown under
“Emergency Appropriations” later in this table. Excludes $36.811 “Emergency Appropriations” later in this table. Excludes $36.811 billionbil ion in advance appropriations provided in advance appropriations provided
to DOT in Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58). to DOT in Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58).
f.
h. Includes $7.640 Includes $7.640 billionbil ion in supplemental appropriations designated as an emergency requirement provided by in supplemental appropriations designated as an emergency requirement provided by
Division N of P.L. 117-328 and $2 Division N of P.L. 117-328 and $2 billionbil ion in enacted funding from Section 155 of the FY2023 Continuing in enacted funding from Section 155 of the FY2023 Continuing
Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 117-180) for CDBG disaster recovery Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 117-180) for CDBG disaster recovery
grants (CDBG-DR) for unmet needs arising from disasters declared in 2021 and 2022. Excludes $1 grants (CDBG-DR) for unmet needs arising from disasters declared in 2021 and 2022. Excludes $1 billionbil ion in in
mandatory funding appropriated to HUD by Title III of the Inflation Reduction Act (P.L. 117-169) for mandatory funding appropriated to HUD by Title III of the Inflation Reduction Act (P.L. 117-169) for
“Improving energy efficiency or water efficiency or climate resilience of affordable housing”; and $36.811 “Improving energy efficiency or water efficiency or climate resilience of affordable housing”; and $36.811
billionbil ion in advance appropriations provided to DOT in Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58). in advance appropriations provided to DOT in Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58).
i. Reflects $10.840 bil ion in appropriations for regular program operations designated as emergency spending in the bil . j. Reflects $8 bil ion in appropriations for regular program operations designated as emergency spending in the bil . Department of Transportation
DOT operates the nation’s air traffic control system; regulates aviation, commercial trucking, and DOT operates the nation’s air traffic control system; regulates aviation, commercial trucking, and
motor vehicle safety; and provides grants to support aviation, highway, transit, and passenger rail motor vehicle safety; and provides grants to support aviation, highway, transit, and passenger rail
infrastructure as well as highway, maritime, and pipeline safety. infrastructure as well as highway, maritime, and pipeline safety.
The majority of DOT’s annual funding is established by two periodic authorization acts, one for The majority of DOT’s annual funding is established by two periodic authorization acts, one for
surface transportation programs and one for aviation programs. Most of the funding for the surface transportation programs and one for aviation programs. Most of the funding for the
programs in those acts is drawn from the DOT Highway Trust Fund and the Aviation and Airways programs in those acts is drawn from the DOT Highway Trust Fund and the Aviation and Airways
Trust Fund, respectively. Highway Trust Fund revenues come largely from fuel taxes and Trust Fund, respectively. Highway Trust Fund revenues come largely from fuel taxes and
increasingly from transfers from the general fund of the Treasury. Aviation and Airways Trust increasingly from transfers from the general fund of the Treasury. Aviation and Airways Trust
Fund revenues come largely from taxes on passenger tickets and aviation fuel and some general Fund revenues come largely from taxes on passenger tickets and aviation fuel and some general
fund money.fund money. Most of the funding drawn from the Highway Trust Fund, and a portion of the Most of the funding drawn from the Highway Trust Fund, and a portion of the
funding drawn from the Aviation and Airways Trust Fund, is in the form of contract authority, a funding drawn from the Aviation and Airways Trust Fund, is in the form of contract authority, a
type of budget authority that is considered mandatory, rather than discretionary, and thus does not type of budget authority that is considered mandatory, rather than discretionary, and thus does not
appear in count against the THUD bill’s 302(b) suballocation. Thus, while DOT’s discretionary appropriation the THUD bill’s 302(b) suballocation. Thus, while DOT’s discretionary appropriation
for FY2023 was $29for FY2024 was $27 billion, billion, itthe agency also received $ also received $7779 billion in new billion in new mandatory funding from its trust funds, for a funding from its trust funds, for a
total of $106 billion in new budget authoritytotal of $106 billion in new budget authority, roughly equal to FY2023. DOT. It also received an additional $37 billion in advance also received an additional $37 billion in advance
appropriations for appropriations for FY2023FY2024 from the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58), for a from the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58), for a
grand total of $143 billion in newly available funding for grand total of $143 billion in newly available funding for FY2023. FY2024, about the same as in FY2023. Table 3 provides detailed provides detailed
appropriations information for DOT accounts and selected sub-accounts, comparing FY2023 appropriations information for DOT accounts and selected sub-accounts, comparing FY2023
enacted to FY2024.enacted to FY2024 requested, proposed, and enacted. Congressional Research Service 7 link to page 15 THUD Appropriations: FY2024
Table 3. Department of Transportation, FY2023-FY2024 Detailed Appropriations
(dollars in millions) (dollars in millions)
FY2024
FY2023
FY2024
House
FY2024
FY2024
SelectedAdministrations and Accounts
Enacted
Request
Comm.
Senate
Enacted Appropriationsa Office of the Secretary (OST) 1,550 2,104 674 1,524 1,067 Salaries and Expenses 171 220 177 191 191 Research and Technology 49 67 42 51 49 Enacted
Office of the Secretary (OST)






National Infrastructure National Infrastructure InvestmentInvestments 800 1,220 — 800 345 Thriving Communities Initiative 25 100 — — — National Surface Transportation and Innovation Finance Bureau 9 11 11 10 10 Rural and Tribal Infrastructure Enhancement — — — 25 25 Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Program (negative — -3 -3 -3 -3 subsidy) Financial Management Capital 5 5 5 5 5 Cyber Security Initiatives 48 49 49 49 49 Office of Civil Rights 15 29 15 18 18 Transportation Planning, Research, and Development 37 25 25 24 24 Community Project Funding/Congressionally Directed 13 — — 3 3 Spending (non-add) Working Capital Fund (non-add) 505 — 522 522 522 Small and Disadvantaged Business 5 7 5 5 5 Utilization and Outreach Payments to air carriers (Essential Air 355 349 349 349 349 Service) Essential Air Service (Overflight Fees) 122 154 — 155 154 (non-add) Electric Vehicle Fleet — 26 — — — Volpe National Transportation 5 — — — — Systems Center National Infrastructure Investments 27 — — — — (Sec. 109) (reappropriation)
800
1,220
—
398
(RAISE/BUILD/TIGER)

Cyber Security Initiatives
48
49
49
49
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THUD Appropriations: FY2024

FY2024
FY2023
FY2024
House
FY2024
FY2024
Selected Accounts
Enacted
Request
Comm.
Senate
Enacted
Payments to air carriers (Essential Air Service)
355
349
349
349

Thriving Communities Initiative
25
100
—
—

Electric Vehicle Fleet
—
26
—
—

All other accounts
295
357
267
1,506

Total, OST
1,523
2,101
665
1,515





Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

Federal Aviation Administration 15,674 16,458 16,203 16,461 16,733 (FAA) Operations Operations
11,915 11,915
12,741 12,741
12,730 12,730
12,741 12,741

12,730 Facilities & equipment Facilities & equipment
2,945 2,945
3,462 3,462
2,973 2,973
3,429

Research, engineering, and development
255
255
196
260

Grants-in-aid for airports (Airport Improvement
3,350
3,350
3,350
3,350
Program) (limitation on obligations)

Airport Discretionary Grants
559
—
304
501

Total, FAA
19,024
19,808
19,249
20,279





Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)

Federal-Aid Highways (limitation on obligations
59,504
60,835
60,835
60,835
+ exempt contract authority)

Federal-Aid Highways: discretionary funding
3,418
—
1,362
2,047

Rescissions
—
-105
-105
-53

Total, FHWA
62,921
60,730
62,092
62,828





Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
(FMCSA)

Motor carrier safety operations and programs
368
435
375
435

Motor carrier safety grants to states
506
516
516
516

Total, FMCSA
874
951
891
951





National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
(NHTSA)

Operations and research
407
505
461
423

Highway traffic safety grants to states
795
813
813
813
(limitation on obligations)

Total, NHTSA
1,202
1,319
1,275
1,237





Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)

Safety and Operations
250
273
273
268

Railroad Research and Development
44
59
44
59

Federal-state Partnership for State of
100
560
—
100
Good Repair

Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and
560
510
258
573
Safety Improvements

Railroad Crossing Elimination Program
—
250
—
—
Congressional Research Service

7

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THUD Appropriations: FY2024

FY2024
FY2023
FY2024
House
FY2024
FY2024
Selected Accounts
Enacted
Request
Comm.
Senate
Enacted
Restoration and Enhancement grants
—
50
—
—





Amtrak

Northeast Corridor grants
1,260
1,227
99
1,141

National Network
1,193
1,841
776
1,313

Subtotal, Amtrak grants
2,453
3,068
876
2,454

Rescission
-3
—
—
-53

Total, FRA
3,404
4,770
1,452
3,401





Federal Transit Administration (FTA)

Formula Grants (mandatory)
13,634
13,990
13,990
13,990

Transit Infrastructure Grants
542
—
131
268

Transit Research
—
30
—
—

Technical Assistance and Training
8
8
8
8

Capital Investment Grants (New Starts)
2,635
2,850
392
2,450

Grants to Washington Metropolitan Area
150
150
150
150
2,960 3,191 Congressional Research Service 8 link to page 15 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 FY2024 FY2023 FY2024 House FY2024 FY2024 Administrations and Accounts Enacted Request Comm. Senate Enacted Community Project Funding/Congressionally Directed 45 — — 15 15 Spending (non-add) Research, Engineering, and Development (Airport & Airway Trust 255 255 196 260 280 Fund) Airport Discretionary Grants 559 — 304 501 532 Community Project Funding/Congressionally Directed 284 — 304 201 482 Spending (non-add) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) 3,418 — 1,362 2,047 2,225 Highway Infrastructure Programs 3,418 — 1,362 2,047 2,225 Community Project Funding/Congressionally Directed 1,863 — 1,212 702 1,884 Spending (non-add) National Highway Traffic Safety 210 304 260 222 223 Administration (NHTSA) Operations and research 210 304 260 222 223 Federal Railroad Administration 3,407 4,770 1,453 3,454 3,024 (FRA) Safety and Operations 250 273 274 268 268 Railroad Research and Development 44 59 44 59 54 Federal-State Partnership for Intercity 100 560 — 100 75 Passenger Rail Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and 535 510 259 573 199 Safety Improvements Community Project Funding/Congressionally Directed 30 — 29 73 99 Spending (non-add) Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and 25 — — — — Safety Improvements (Sec. 159) Railroad Crossing Elimination Program — 250 — — — Restoration and Enhancement grants — 50 — — — Amtrak Grants 2,453 3,068 876 2,454 2,428 Northeast Corridor 1,260 1,227 99 1,141 1,141 National Network 1,193 1,841 776 1,313 1,286 Federal Transit Administration (FTA) 3,474 3,038 681 2,876 2,615 Transit Infrastructure Grants 542 — 131 268 252b Community Project Funding/Congressionally Directed 361 — 131 82 207 Spending (non-add) Congressional Research Service 9 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 FY2024 FY2023 FY2024 House FY2024 FY2024 Administrations and Accounts Enacted Request Comm. Senate Enacted Transit Research — 30 — — — Technical Assistance and Training 8 8 8 8 8 Capital Investments Grants 2,210 2,850 392 2,450 2,205 Capital Investment Grants (Sec. 165) 425 — — — — Grants to Washington Metropolitan Area Transit AuthorityTransit Authority 150 150 150 150 150 Capital Investment Grants (reappropriation) 140 — — — — Great Lakes

Rescission
—
—
—
-1

Total, FTA
16,968
17,028
14,671
16,865

Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Saint Lawrence Seaway Development
Corporation 39 39
40 40
40 40
40 40 Operations and Maintenance 39 40 40 40 40 Maritime Administration (MARAD) 963 980 760 1,205 982 40
Corporation





Maritime Administration (MARAD)

Maritime Security Program Maritime Security Program
318 318
318 318
318 318
318 318

318 Cable Security Fleet Cable Security Fleet
10 10
— —
10 10
10 10

10 Tanker Security Program Tanker Security Program
60 60
60 60
60 60
120 120

60 Operations and Training Operations and Training
213 213
290 290
210 210
284 284

268 State Maritime Academy Operations State Maritime Academy Operations
121 121
53 53
5657
131 131

126 Assistance to Small Shipyards Assistance to Small Shipyards
20 20
20 20
20 20
20 20

9 Ship Disposal Ship Disposal
6 6
6 6
6 6
6 6

6 Maritime Guaranteed Loan Program Maritime Guaranteed Loan Program
3 3
3 3
3 3
103 103

54 Port Infrastructure Development Port Infrastructure Development Program
212 212
230 230
70 70
213 213

Rescission
-67
—
-6
—

Total, MARAD
896
980
753
1205





Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety
Administration (PHMSA)

Subtotal
291
340
310
332

Emergency preparedness grants (mandatory)
28
47
28
47

Offsetting user fees
-161
-198
-167
-196

Total, PHMSA
319
368
338
379
Congressional Research Service

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link to page 13 THUD Appropriations: FY2024

FY2024
FY2023
FY2024
House
FY2024
FY2024
Selected Accounts
Enacted
Request
Comm.
Senate
Enacted
Office of Inspector General
108
121
121
116

DOT Totals





Appropriation (discretionary funding)
28,972
27,958
21,693
28,082

Limitations on obligations (mandatory)
77,614
79,402
79,342
79,402

Subtotal—new funding
106,586
107,360
101,035
107,484

Rescissions
-237
-108
-120
-118
120 Program Community Project Funding/Congressionally Directed — — 70 — 70 Spending (non-add) National Defense Reserve Fleet — — 6 — 12 Pipeline and Hazardous Materials 291 340 311 333 324 Safety Administration (PHMSA) Operational Expenses 30 32 32 32 32 Hazardous Material Safety 71 81 81 75 75 Pipeline Safety 190 228 198 226 218 Office of Inspector General 108 121 121 116 116 Salaries and expenses 108 121 121 116 116 Total Appropriations 28,972 27,958 21,693 28,082 27,162 Rescissions, User Fees and Other -399 -306 -287 -314 -363 Offsets PHMSA—User Fees -161 -198 -167 -196 -188 OST—National Infrastructure -27 -3 -9 -9 -9 Investments (Sec. 109) Congressional Research Service 10 link to page 15 link to page 15 link to page 15 link to page 15 link to page 15 link to page 15 link to page 15 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 FY2024 FY2023 FY2024 House FY2024 FY2024 Administrations and Accounts Enacted Request Comm. Senate Enacted FAA—Rescission of Unobligated Balances — — — -2 -2 FHWA—Administrative Provisions — -105 -105 -53 -68 FRA—Rescission -3 — — -53 -53 FTA -140 — — -1 -1 Unobligated Balances (Rescission)(Sec. 165) — — — -1 -1 Capital Investment Grants (Rescission) -140 — — — — MARAD -67 — -6 — -42 Maritime Security Program -55 — -6 — -17 Tanker Security Program — — — — -21 Ship Disposal -12 — — — -4 Emergency Appropriations
—
—
—
469

Net new discretionary funding
28,735
— — — 469 — FTA — — — 469 — Net Discretionary Budget Authority 28,735c 27,850 27,850
21,574 21,574
28,433d 26,987b Limitations on obligations (Mandatory Funding) 77,614 79,402 79,342 79,402 79,378 Total Budgetary Resources (Mandatory + Discretionary) 106,349c28,433

Net new budget authority
106,349
107,252
100,915
107,835

834d 106,365b Additional ( Additional (advance) appropriationsAdvance) Appropriations (Emergency)
36,811 36,811
36,811 36,811
36,811 36,811
36,811 36,811
(emergency)

Net new budget authority (incl. additional $143,160 $144,063 $137,726
$144,646
appropriations from P.L. 117-43 and P.L.

117-58)36,811 Total Budgetary Resources, Including 143,160 144,063 137,726 144,645 143,176b Emergency
Sources: FY2023 Enacted, FY2024 President’s Request, and FY2024 House figures are taken from the FY2023 Enacted, FY2024 President’s Request, and FY2024 House figures are taken from the
Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 118-154 beginning on Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 118-154 beginning on p.page 410, as 410, as
well as congressional budget justificationswell as congressional budget justifications and the text of H.Rept. 118-154 and H.R. 4820. FY2024 Senate figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of . FY2024 Senate figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of
New Budget Authority table, as published in S.Rept. 118-70, beginning on New Budget Authority table, as published in S.Rept. 118-70, beginning on p. 219page 219, as well as the text of S.Rept. 118-70 and S. 2437. Final FY2024 enacted figures are taken from the text of the Explanatory Statement and text of H.R. 4366, as published in the March 5, 2024, Congressional Record for Division F. Some figures have been . Some figures have been
adjusted for comparability. adjusted for comparability.
Note: Values may not sum to totals or exactly match source materials because of rounding. Values may not sum to totals or exactly match source materials because of rounding.
Major Differences Between House and Senate Proposed Funding
The House committee bill would provide $100.9 billion in new budget authoritya. Administration level totals shown do not reflect savings from rescissions; rescissions are shown later in the table. b. Section 549 of Division C of P.L. 118-47 amended the FY2024 THUD appropriations act to rescind from unobligated balances $1 mil ion from HUD’s Community Development Fund account (Economic Development Initiatives grants) and to increase funding for DOT’s Transit Infrastructure Grants by $1 mil ion. That adjustment is not reflected here or in the totals. c. Excludes $1.107 bil ion in supplemental appropriations designated as an emergency requirement provided by Division N of P.L. 117-328. d. Senate budget documents present the net discretionary budget total including emergency funding. Emergency funding is not generally included in this total for purposes of budget enforcement. The comparable non-emergency total is $27,964 mil ion. Congressional Research Service 11 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 Major Differences Between House and Senate Proposed Funding The House Appropriations Committee-passed bill (hereinafter, “House Committee-passed bill”) would have provided $100.9 billion in total funding for DOT, 5.1% for DOT, 5.1%
($5.4 billion) below the FY2023 level and 6.4% ($6.9 billion) below the Senate FY2024 level. ($5.4 billion) below the FY2023 level and 6.4% ($6.9 billion) below the Senate FY2024 level.
The major difference in funding between the House The major difference in funding between the House committeeCommittee-passed bill and Senate bill and Senate-passed bill came bill comes in the in the
discretionary portion of DOT’s budget: the House discretionary portion of DOT’s budget: the House committeeCommittee-passed bill would bill would provide have provided $21.6 billion in $21.6 billion in
net new discretionary fundingnew appropriations, 24% ($6., 24% ($6.8598 billion) less than the Senate bill billion) less than the Senate bill (including emergency-designated funding) and 25% ($7.3 and 25% ($7.161
billion) less than the comparable FY2023 enacted billion) less than the comparable FY2023 enacted amount (not accounting for the reduction in
relative purchasing power of the FY2024 amount resulting from inflation). amount. The final FY2024 appropriations law provides nearly the same amount of total funding (mandatory plus discretionary) for DOT ($106.37 billion) when compared to FY2023 ($106.35 billion), when excluding emergency appropriations. The enacted bill provides 25% ($5.413 billion) more in net new discretionary appropriations than the House Committee-passed bill proposed and 6.8% ($1.915 billion) less than the Senate proposed, when excluding emergency appropriations. Four budget items accountedFour budget items
account for most of the difference between the House committee and Senate for most of the difference between the House committee and Senate discretionary funding: • The National Infrastructure Investments account provides funding for the RAISE Grant program (49 U.S.C. §6702), a competitive discretionary grant program under which states, localities, and other entities can apply for funding for local highways and bridges, public transportation, freight and passenger rail, port infrastructure, and bicycle and pedestrian improvements. Also within this account is the National Infrastructure Project Assistance program (49 U.S.C. §6701), known as the Mega Grant program, which provides grants for nationally or regionally significant highway, transit, rail, port, or multimodal projects. The President’s FY2024 budget requested a 50% increase over FY2023 enacted levels for National Infrastructure Investments dedicated to Mega program grants ($1.2 billion requested, compared to $800 million in FY2023). The House Committee-passed bill contained no new funding for this account. The House Committee report cited the availability of IIJA funding ($2.5 billion in FY2024). The Senate proposed $800 million dedicated to RAISE Grants. The final FY2024 enacted amount was $345 million. • The Highway Infrastructure Program provides funding to states for programs administered by FHWA. For FY2024, the House Committee-passed bill contained $1.362 billion a 60% decrease in funding from the FY2023 enacted level of $3.418 billion. The House Committee report cited the availability of IIJA funding in FY2024 for similar purposes. The Senate-passed bill contained additional funding in FY2024 of $2.047 billion. The enacted FY2024 funding level of $2.225 billion was 8.7% more ($178 million) than the level proposed by the Senate, and $1.2 billion less (-35%) than provided in FY2023. • Amtrak grants provide funding to Amtrak for intercity passenger rail infrastructure, equipment, maintenance and operating subsidies. The President’s FY2024 budget requested a 25% increase in discretionary funding for the Amtrak account over enacted FY2023 funding ($,3.068 billion requested compared to $2.453 billion in FY2023), whereas the House Committee-passed bill contained $0.876 billion and the Senate-passed bill contained $2.454 billion. The FY2024 enacted amount was $2.428 billion. Under the IIJA, the Amtrak grants account is Congressional Research Service 12 link to page 17 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 also slated to receive $4.4 billion annually in additional appropriations for FY2024 through FY2026. The Capital Investment Grant Program provides funding for transit infrastructure projects popularly known as New Starts, Small Starts, and Core Capacity. For FY2024, the House Committee passed an 82% reduction in funding for this account below the FY2023 enacted funding level. In H.Rept. 118-154, the House Committee noted that $402 million in unallocated funding from the Consolidated Appropriations Act, FY2022 (P.L. 117-103) and the advance appropriations for the account from the IIJA would sufficiently fund projects that anticipate grant agreements in FY2024. The President requested a 29% increase in funding for FY2024 above the FY2023 enacted level. The Senate-passed bill contained an 11% percent increase for FY2024 above the FY2023 enacted level. The FY2024 enacted funding level nearly matches the FY2023 enacted level. Additional Funding for FY2024 Provided in the IIJA DOT received $184.1 billion in additional appropriations for many DOT programs in Division J, Title VIII,discretionary
funding, as shown in Table 4.
Table 4. FY2023 Enacted and FY2024 Proposed Discretionary Funding for
Selected DOT Programs
(dollars in millions)
Additional
FY2024
Annual
FY2023
FY2024
House
FY2024
IIJA
Budget Item
Enacted
Request
Comm.
Senate
Funding
National Infrastructure Investment (OST)
$800
$1,220
—
$398
$2,500
Federal-aid Highways Discretionary Funding
(FHWA)
3,418
—
1,362
2,047
9,454
Congressional Research Service

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link to page 15 link to page 15 THUD Appropriations: FY2024

Additional
FY2024
Annual
FY2023
FY2024
House
FY2024
IIJA
Budget Item
Enacted
Request
Comm.
Senate
Funding
Amtrak Grants (FRA)
2,453
3,068
876
2,454
4,400
Capital Investment Grants (FTA)
2,635
2,850
392
2,450
1,600
Subtotal
9,306
7,138
2,633
7,349
17,954
DOT Net New Discretionary Funding
Total
$28,735
$27,850
$21,574
$28,433

Sources: FY2023 Enacted, FY2024 President’s Request, and FY2024 House figures are taken from the
Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 118-154 beginning on page 410,
as well as congressional budget justifications. FY2024 Senate figures are taken from the Comparative Statement
of New Budget Authority table, as published in S.Rept. 118-70, beginning on page 219. Some figures have been
adjusted for comparability.
Notes: Each of these budget items also received additional funding in FY2022 and FY2023, and are likely to
receive additional funding in FY2024, FY2025, and FY2026, as part of an overall annual addition of $36.8 billion to
DOT from a supplemental appropriation in Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58); the annual amount of
additional funding for each of these budget items is shown in the rightmost column.
• The National Infrastructure Investment Program, popularly known as the RAISE
Grant program, is a competitive discretionary grant program under which states,
localities, and other entities can apply for grants for highways and bridges, public
transportation, freight and passenger rail, port infrastructure, and bicycle and
pedestrian improvements.
• The Federal-aid Highways Program discretionary funding provides additional
funding from the General Fund of the Treasury to states, beyond the $60.8 billion
in contract authority provided from the Highway Trust Fund, for programs
funded by formula and important safety and management priorities administered
by FHWA.
• Amtrak grants provide funding to Amtrak for infrastructure, equipment,
maintenance and operating subsidies.
• The Capital Investment Grant Program provides funding for the transit
infrastructure projects popularly known as New Starts, Small Starts, and Core
Capacity.
Additional Funding for FY2024 Provided in the IIJA
DOT received $184.1 billion in additional appropriations for many DOT programs in Division J,
Title VIII of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58; also referred to as the of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58; also referred to as the
bipartisan infrastructure law or BIL). These funds were appropriated in FY2022, but were or BIL). These funds were appropriated in FY2022, but were
divided into equal portions ($36.8 billion) that become available each year of the authorization divided into equal portions ($36.8 billion) that become available each year of the authorization
period (FY2022-FY2026) for certain DOT programs authorized in Divisions A-C of the IIJA. period (FY2022-FY2026) for certain DOT programs authorized in Divisions A-C of the IIJA.
That The $36.8 billion in $36.8 billion in additional annual funding is more than DOT typically received in annul discretionary appropriationsannual supplemental funding equals slightly over one-third of the FY2024
funding recommended for DOT in the THUD FY2024 appropriations bills. For some agencies . For some agencies
within DOT, this additional funding represents a relatively small addition to their regular within DOT, this additional funding represents a relatively small addition to their regular FY2023
authorized or appropriated amount (e.g., 15% [+$9.5 billion] for FHWA infrastructure, 25%
[+$4.3 billion] for FTA infrastructureannual funding level (e.g., $9.5 billion on top of $62.3 billion for FHWA); for other agencies, the additional funding is greater than ); for other agencies, the additional funding is greater than
the regular FY2024 authorized or requested amounts (e.g., $5 billion on top of $3.9 billion for
FAA infrastructure accountsthe regular annual funding level (e.g., $13.2 billion on top of $, $13.2 billion on top of $2.43.0 billion for FRA billion for FRA state rail grants).). Table
5 shows the distribution of the supplemental funding available to DOT during FY2024.
Congressional Research Service

10

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THUD Appropriations: FY2024

Table 5. FY2024 Department of Transportation Funding Provided in the IIJA,
Outside the FY2024 THUD Appropriations Act
(dollars in millions)
DOT Accounts
FY2024
Office of the Secretary (OST)

National Infrastructure Investments
$2,500.0
Safe Streets and Roads for All grants
1,000.0
National Culvert Removal, Replacement, and Restoration grants
200.0
Strengthening Mobility and Revolutionizing Transportation Grant Program
100.0
Total OST
3,800.0
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

Facilities and Equipment
1,000.0
Airport Infrastructure Grants
3,000.0
Airport Terminal Program
1,000.0
Total FAA
5,000.0
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)

Highway Infrastructure Program
9,454.4
4 shows discretionary, mandatory, and IIJA funding to provide an estimation of the total amount of FY2024 funding available by DOT administration. Table 4. FY2024 DOT Budget Authority by Administration and Source (dollars in millions) Discretionary Appropriations (net of Administrations IIJA Funding rescissions) Mandatory Total Office of the Secretary (OST) 3,800 1,058 — 4,858 Federal Aviation Administration 5,000 16,732 3,350 25,082 (FAA) Federal Highway Administration 9,454 2,156 60,096 71,706 (FHWA) Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA)
Motor Carrier Safety Operations and Program
10.0
Motor Carrier Safety Grants
124.5
Total FMCSA
134.5
135 — 927 1,062 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) 322 223 1,015 1,560 Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) 13,200 2,970 — 16,170 Federal Transit Administration (FTA) 4,250 2,614 13,990 20,854 Congressional Research Service 13 link to page 18 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 Discretionary Appropriations (net of Administrations IIJA Funding rescissions) Mandatory Total Great Lakes Saint Lawrence Seaway Development — 40 — 40 Corporation Maritime Administration (MARAD) 450 941 — 1,391 Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration 200 136 a 336 (PHMSA) Office of the Inspector General — 116 — 116 Total Appropriations by Type 36,811 26,987 79,378 143,176 Source: Supplemental funding is retrieved fromAdministration (NHTSA)
Crash Data
150.0
Vehicle Safety and Behavioral Research Programs
109.7
Supplemental Highway Traffic Safety Programs
62.0
Total, NHTSA
321.7
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)

Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvements
1,000.0
Northeast Corridor Grants to Amtrak
1,200.0
National Network Grants to Amtrak
3,200.0
Railroad Crossing Elimination Program
600.0
Federal-State Partnership for Intercity Passenger Rail Grants
7,200.0
Total FRA
13,200.0
Federal Transit Administration (FTA)

Transit Infrastructure Grants
2,050.0
Capital Investment Grants
1,600.0
All Stations Accessibility Program
350.0
Electric or Low-Emitting Ferry Program
50.0
Congressional Research Service

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THUD Appropriations: FY2024

DOT Accounts
FY2024
Ferry Service for Rural Communities
200.0
Total FTA
4,250.0
Maritime Administration (MARAD)

Port Infrastructure Development Program
450.0
Total MARAD
450.0
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA)
Natural Gas Distribution Infrastructure Safety and Modernization Grant Program
200.0
Total Other Appropriations
36,810.6
Source: S.Rept. 118-70 accompanying S. 2437, “Other Appropriations,” S.Rept. 118-70 accompanying S. 2437, “Other Appropriations,” pp. 224-227. Final FY2024 enacted figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority tables published in the Explanatory Statement accompanying H.R. 4366 as passed the House and Senate, as well as the text of the Explanatory Statement and bil , all available in the March 5, 2024 Congressional Record for Division F. pp. 224-227.
Note: TheseIIJA funds were provided funds were provided inby Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58). Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58).
Discretionary totals are net of any rescissions or user fee col ections. Administration totals shown here wil not match those in Table 3 because these totals are net of rescissions. a. Emergency Preparedness Grants received $46.825 mil ion in mandatory funding from the Emergency Preparedness Fund. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Overview
HUD is the nation’s housing agency. The programs and activities it administers are designed HUD is the nation’s housing agency. The programs and activities it administers are designed
primarily to address housing problems faced by households with very low incomes or other primarily to address housing problems faced by households with very low incomes or other
special housing needsspecial housing needs, and to expand access to homeownership.13 The largest share of HUD’s and to expand access to homeownership.13 The largest share of HUD’s
budget is devoted to its rental assistance programs: Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers; project-budget is devoted to its rental assistance programs: Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers; project-
based rental assistance via Section 8, Section 202, and Section 811; and public housing. These based rental assistance via Section 8, Section 202, and Section 811; and public housing. These
programs, which serve over 4.6 million households, provide subsidies to allow low-income programs, which serve over 4.6 million households, provide subsidies to allow low-income
recipients to pay below-market, income-based rent. recipients to pay below-market, income-based rent.
Two flexible block grant programs—the HOME Investment Partnerships grant program and the Two flexible block grant programs—the HOME Investment Partnerships grant program and the
Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program—help states and local governments Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program—help states and local governments
finance a variety of housing and community development activities designed to serve low-income finance a variety of housing and community development activities designed to serve low-income
families. Indian tribes receive their own direct housing families. Indian tribes receive their own direct housing and community development grants through the grants through the IndianNative American Housing Block Housing Block
Grant program (also called the Native American HousingGrant and Indian Community Development Block Grant Block Grant program)programs. .
Other more specialized grant programs help communities meet the needs of homeless persons Other more specialized grant programs help communities meet the needs of homeless persons
(through the Homeless Assistance Grants, namely the Continuum of Care and Emergency (through the Homeless Assistance Grants, namely the Continuum of Care and Emergency
Solutions Grants programs), including those living with HIV/AIDS (through the Housing Solutions Grants programs), including those living with HIV/AIDS (through the Housing
13 For more information about federal housing assistance programs, see CRS Report RL34591, Overview of Federal Housing Assistance Programs and Policy, by Maggie McCarty, Libby Perl, and Katie Jones. Congressional Research Service 14 link to page 19 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 Opportunities for Persons with AIDS program). Additional programs fund fair housing Opportunities for Persons with AIDS program). Additional programs fund fair housing
enforcement activities and lead-based paint hazard identification and remediation, along with enforcement activities and lead-based paint hazard identification and remediation, along with
other healthy homes initiatives. other healthy homes initiatives.
HUD’s Federal Housing Administration (FHA) insures mortgages made by lenders to HUD’s Federal Housing Administration (FHA) insures mortgages made by lenders to
homebuyers with low down payments and to developers of multifamily rental buildings homebuyers with low down payments and to developers of multifamily rental buildings
containing relatively affordable units. FHA collects fees from borrowers with FHA-insured containing relatively affordable units. FHA collects fees from borrowers with FHA-insured
mortgages, which are used to sustain its insurance funds. The Government National Mortgage mortgages, which are used to sustain its insurance funds. The Government National Mortgage
Association (GNMA) is also a part of HUD and it guarantees securities made up of federally Association (GNMA) is also a part of HUD and it guarantees securities made up of federally
insured or guaranteed mortgages. insured or guaranteed mortgages.

13 For more information about federal housing assistance programs, see CRS Report RL34591, Overview of Federal
Housing Assistance Programs and Policy, by Maggie McCarty, Libby Perl, and Katie Jones.
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Agency Components of HUD Funding
Nearly all of HUD’s funding is provided via discretionary appropriations, generally contained in Nearly all of HUD’s funding is provided via discretionary appropriations, generally contained in
the annual Transportation, HUD, and Related Agencies the annual Transportation, HUD, and Related Agencies (THUD) appropriations appropriations legislationact. (HUD . (HUD
programs may also receive additional resources from programs may also receive additional resources from supplementalsupplemental or other funding measures in or other funding measures in
some years, most often in response to disasters.) The annual THUD some years, most often in response to disasters.) The annual THUD bill bil provides budget authorityprovides budget authority
via appropriations for HUD programs and activities for a given fiscal year. The via appropriations for HUD programs and activities for a given fiscal year. The “cost”cost of that of that
budget authority, as determined by the Congressional Budget Office’s (CBO’s) scorekeeping budget authority, as determined by the Congressional Budget Office’s (CBO’s) scorekeeping
process, is generally reduced by offsetting receipts from the FHA’s loan programs and GNMA’s process, is generally reduced by offsetting receipts from the FHA’s loan programs and GNMA’s
securitization of federally insured or guaranteed mortgages. To a lesser extent, other securitization of federally insured or guaranteed mortgages. To a lesser extent, other collections
and rescissions of col ections and rescissions of prior-year appropriations can also offset the cost of the HUD budget. prior-year appropriations can also offset the cost of the HUD budget.
Deducting the savings from offsets and rescissions from the gross budget authority provided to Deducting the savings from offsets and rescissions from the gross budget authority provided to
HUD results in the net budget authorityHUD results in the net budget authority total used for budget enforcement purposes.
FY2024 HUD Appropriations
Table 6. Generally, gross budget authority is the most useful measure of the new resources being provided for HUD’s programs and activities whereas net budget authority is used for budget enforcement purposes and measuring against 302(b) allocations. Any funding designated as an emergency requirement provided in the regular annual appropriations acts or in supplemental spending bil s, is generally exempt for purposes of budget enforcement. HUD also generally receives a relatively small amount of mandatory funding outside of the annual appropriations process, such as contributions from the Government Sponsored Enterprises (Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac) to fund the Housing Trust Fund. These mandatory funds are generally not reflected in this report. FY2024 HUD Appropriations Table 5 provides detailed appropriations information for HUD accounts and selected sub-provides detailed appropriations information for HUD accounts and selected sub-
accounts, comparing FY2023 enacted to FY2024. accounts, comparing FY2023 enacted to FY2024.
Table 65. Department of Housing and Urban Development,
FY2023-FY2024 Detailed Appropriations
(dollars in millions) (dollars in millions)
FY2024
FY2023
FY2024
House
FY2024
FY2024
Accounts
Enacted Request
Comm.
Senate Enacted
Appropriations






Salaries and Expenses (Management and Salaries and Expenses (Management and
1,732 1,732
1,867 1,867
1,745 1,745
1,832 1,832
1,803 Administration) Administration)

Tenant-Based Rental Assistance Tenant-Based Rental Assistance
27,600 27,600
32,703 32,703
31,132 31,132
26,449 26,449 26,387
(Section 8 Housing Choice (Section 8 Housing Choice VouchersVouchers)a

Tenant-Based Rental Assistance (inc. emergency)
30,254b
32,703
31,132
31,738c

32,387d Voucher Renewals (non-add, inc. emergency)
26,403
27,840
27,375
27,766

28,491 Administrative Fees (non-add)
2,778
3,202
2,734
2,781

2,771 VASH
(non-add) 50
0
0
30

FUP
30
0
0
30

Other Incremental Vouchers
50
565
0
0

Mobility services
—
25
0
0

Public Housing Fund
8,514
8,893
8,363
8,875

15 Congressional Research Service 15 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 FY2024 FY2023 FY2024 House FY2024 FY2024 Accounts Enacted Request Comm. Senate Enacted FUP (non-add) 30 0 0 30 30 Other Incremental Vouchers (non-add) 50 565 0 0 0 Mobility services (non-add) — 25 0 0 0 Public Housing Fund 8,514 8,893 8,363 8,875 8,811 Operating Grants (non-add)
5,109
5,133
5,103
5,530

5,476 Capital Grants (non-add)
3,200
3,225
3,180
3,200

3,200 Climate Resiliency/Utility Consumption Reduction
—
300
0
0
0 Grants (non-add)

Operational Performance Evaluation and Risk Operational Performance Evaluation and Risk
—
61 61
51 51
50 50
Assessmentsd

50 Assessmentse Choice Neighborhoods Choice Neighborhoods
350 350
185 185
0 0
150 150
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FY2024
FY2023
FY2024
House
FY2024
FY2024
Accounts
Enacted Request
Comm.
Senate Enacted
75 Self Sufficiency Programs Self Sufficiency Programs
175 175
175 175
175 175
198 198

196 Native American Programs Native American Programs
1,020 1,020
1,053 1,053
1,344 1,344
1,082 1,082

1,344 Native American Block Grants (Formula) (non-add)
787
820
1,110
849

1,111 Native American Block Grants (Competitive) (non-
150
150
150
150
add)
150 add)
Indian Community Development Block Grants
75
75
75
75
75 (non-add)

Indian housing loan guarantee Indian housing loan guarantee
6 6
1 1
2 2
1 1

2 Native Hawaiian block grant Native Hawaiian block grant
22 22
22 22
22 22
22 22

22 Housing, persons with AIDS (HOPWA) Housing, persons with AIDS (HOPWA)
499 499
505 505
505 505
505 505

505 Community Development Fund Community Development Fund
6,397 6,397
3,415 3,415
5,554 5,554
4,491 4,491

6,720 CDBG Formula Grants
3,300
3,300
3,300
3,300

3,300 SUPPORT for Patients and Communities
30
30
30
30

30 Grants to Reduce Barriers to Affordable Housing
85
85
0
100

100 Economic Development Initiatives—Congressionally
2,982
0
2,224
1,061

3,290g Directed Spending/Community Project Fundingf HOME Investment Partnerships HOME Investment Partnerships
1,500 1,500
1,800 1,800
500 500
1,500 1,500

1,250 Preservation and Reinvestment Initiative for Preservation and Reinvestment Initiative for
225 225
0 0
20 20
0 0
10 Community Enhancement Community Enhancement

Self-Help Homeownership Self-Help Homeownership
63 63
60 60
60 60
62 62

60 Self-Help and Assisted Homeownership
14
10
10
14
Opportunity Program
12 Opportunity Program
Section 4 Capacity Building
42
41
42
42

42 Rural Capacity Building
6
5
7
6

6 Veterans Home Rehabilitation and Modification
1
4
1
0
0 Pilot Program

Homeless Assistance Grants Homeless Assistance Grants
3,633 3,633
3,749 3,749
3,729 3,729
3,908 3,908

4,051 Project-Based Rental Assistance (Section Project-Based Rental Assistance (Section 88)a
13,938 13,938
15,904 15,904
15,820 15,820
10,709 10,709

Project-Based Rental Assistance (inc. emergency)
14,907e
15,904
15,820
15,791f

14,010 Congressional Research Service 16 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 23 link to page 23 link to page 23 link to page 23 link to page 22 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 FY2024 FY2023 FY2024 House FY2024 FY2024 Accounts Enacted Request Comm. Senate Enacted Project-Based Rental Assistance (inc. emergency) 14,907h 15,904 15,820 15,791i 16,010j Contract Renewals (inc. emergency)
14,564
15,372
15,372
15,310

15,542 Contract Administrators
343
448
448
448

468 Service Coordinators for the Elderly
—
31
0
0
0
Distressed Property Assistance
—
53
0
33

0 Housing for the Elderly (Section 202) Housing for the Elderly (Section 202)
1,075 1,075
1,023 1,023
913 913
1,075 1,075

913 Housing for Persons with Disabilities (Section 811) Housing for Persons with Disabilities (Section 811)
360 360
356 356
208 208
360 360

208 Housing Counseling Assistance Housing Counseling Assistance
58 58
66 66
58 58
58 58

58 Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Manufactured Housing Fees Trust FundgFundk
14 14
14 14
14 14
14 14

14 Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Federal Housing Administration (FHA) ExpensesgExpensesk 150 165 150 150 150
150
165
150
150
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FY2024
FY2023
FY2024
House
FY2024
FY2024
Accounts
Enacted Request
Comm.
Senate Enacted
Government National Mortgage Association Government National Mortgage Association
41 41
60h60l
51 51
55 55

55 (GNMA) (GNMA) Expensesg

Expensesk Research and technology Research and technology
145 145
155 155
139 139
145 145

139 Fair housing activities Fair housing activities
86 86
90 90
85 85
86 86

86 Fair Housing Assistance Program (non-add)
26
28
26
26

26 Fair Housing Initiatives Program (non-add)
56
59
55
56

56 Lead Hazard Reduction Lead Hazard Reduction
410 410
410 410
345 345
350 350

296m Information Technology Fund Information Technology Fund
375 375
415 415
371 371
375 375

383 Inspector General Inspector General
146 146
154 154
154 154
153 153

153 Gross Appropriations Subtotal (non-emergency)
68,534
73,301
71,509
62,654
67,749g
Gross Appropriations Subtotal (inc. emergency)
72,157
73,301
71,509
73,025

75,749g Offsetting Collections and Receipts





Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fund Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fund
-14 -14
-14 -14
-14 -14
-14 -14

-14 FHA FHA
-8,236 -8,236
-1,278 -1,278
-1,278 -1,278
-1,278 -1,278

-4,038n GNMA GNMA
-2,106 -2,106
-1,436 -1,436
-1,436 -1,436
-1,436 -1,436
-1,436
Offsets Subtotal
-10,356
-2,728
-2,728
-2,728 -5,488





Rescissions

Office of Lead Hazard and Healthy Homes Office of Lead Hazard and Healthy Homes
—
—
-564 -564
-237 -237
o Other Rescissions — — — — -192o
Recissions Subtotal
—
—
(564)
(237)
(192)p Total Net Discretionary Budget Authority
58,178
70,573
68,217
59,689

62,069g (non-emergency)
Emergency-Designated Funding:





Disaster Relief
5,000iq
0
0
0
0
Rental Assistance
3,623jr
0
0
10,371ks 8,000t
Total Net Discretionary Budget Authority
66,801
70,573
68,217
70,060

(inc. emergency) 70,069g (inc. emergency) Congressional Research Service 17 THUD Appropriations: FY2024
Sources: FY2023 Enacted, FY2024 President’s Request, and FY2024 House figures are taken from the FY2023 Enacted, FY2024 President’s Request, and FY2024 House figures are taken from the
Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 118-154 beginning on Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 118-154 beginning on p.page 410, as 410, as
well as congressional budget justificationswell as congressional budget justifications and the text of H.Rept. 118-154 and H.R. 4820. FY2024 Senate figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of . FY2024 Senate figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of
New Budget Authority table, as published in S.Rept. 118-70, beginning on New Budget Authority table, as published in S.Rept. 118-70, beginning on p. 219page 219, as well as the text of S.Rept. 118-70 and S. 2437. Final FY2024 enacted figures are taken from the text of the Explanatory Statement and text of H.R. 4366, as published in the March 5, 2024, Congressional Record for Division F. Some figures have been . Some figures have been
adjusted for comparability. adjusted for comparability.
Notes: Values may not sum to totals or exactly match source materials because of rounding. Values may not sum to totals or exactly match source materials because of rounding.
a. This account receives advance appropriations provided in the prior fiscal year and also includes a. This account receives advance appropriations provided in the prior fiscal year and also includes
appropriations that become available in the subsequent fiscal year. appropriations that become available in the subsequent fiscal year.
b. Includes $2.654 b. Includes $2.654 billionbil ion in additional funding provided by Division N and designated as an emergency in additional funding provided by Division N and designated as an emergency
requirement. requirement.
c. Includes $5.829 c. Includes $5.829 billionbil ion provided in the account and designated as an emergency requirement. provided in the account and designated as an emergency requirement.
dd. Includes $6 bil ion provided in the account and designated as an emergency requirement. e. This new account would fund HUD inspection of multifamily housing; this activity was previously funded . This new account would fund HUD inspection of multifamily housing; this activity was previously funded
using resources from the Public Housing fund, PBRA, Section 202 and other accounts. For a using resources from the Public Housing fund, PBRA, Section 202 and other accounts. For a full ful breakdown, breakdown,
see https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/2024_CJ_Program_Template_-_OPERA.pdf. see https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/2024_CJ_Program_Template_-_OPERA.pdf.
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e. Includes $969 millionf. Funding for the Economic Development Initiatives program is typically allocated via earmarks, also known as Congressionally Directed Spending or Community Project Funding. For more information, see CRS Report RS22866, Earmark Disclosure Rules in the House: Member and Committee Requirements, by Megan S. Lynch, and CRS Report RS22867, Earmark Disclosure Rules in the Senate: Member and Committee Requirements, by Megan S. Lynch. g. Section 549 of Division C of P.L. 118-47 amended the FY2024 THUD appropriations act to rescind from unobligated balances $1 mil ion from HUD’s Community Development Fund account (Economic Development Initiatives grants) and to increase funding for DOT’s Transit Infrastructure Grants by $1 mil ion. Those adjustments are not reflected in this table. h. Includes $969 mil ion in additional funding provided by Division N and designated as an emergency in additional funding provided by Division N and designated as an emergency
requirement. requirement.
fi. .
Includes $5.081 Includes $5.081 billionbil ion in additional funding provided in additional funding provided by Division Nin the account and designated as an emergency and designated as an emergency
requirement. requirement.
gj. Includes $2 bil ion provided in the account and designated as an emergency requirement. k. Some or all of the cost of funding these accounts is offset by the . Some or all of the cost of funding these accounts is offset by the collectioncol ection of fees or other receipts. Those of fees or other receipts. Those
offsets are shown later in this table. offsets are shown later in this table.
h. l. Reflects an estimated $1 Reflects an estimated $1 millionmil ion in savings from a proposal for GNMA securitization of certain housing in savings from a proposal for GNMA securitization of certain housing
finance agency loans contained in Section 230 of the general provisions in the President’s budget request. finance agency loans contained in Section 230 of the general provisions in the President’s budget request.
i.
Includes $3 billion for CDBG-DR provided by Division N of P.L. 117-328 and $2 billion provided by Section
m. The legislative text specified that the account shall receive $345 mil ion for FY2024, but also that $49.4 mil ion of that amount is to be derived from unobligated balances from prior-year appropriations to the account, available for the same time period as originally appropriated. Thus, the new budget authority for the account is $296 mil ion. n. According to the CBO cost estimate of the bil , “[T]he House and Senate Budget Committees have directed CBO to use the Administration’s estimate of receipts to the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund (-$3,478 mil ion) instead of CBO’s estimate of such receipts (-$718 mil ion). As a result of that direction, CBO’s estimate of spending under the jurisdiction of the Subcommittee on Transportation and Housing and Urban Development includes an additional offset of -$2,760 mil ion”; https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2024-03/Consolidated%20Appropriations%20Act%202024.pdf. o. Section 236 of the HUD General Provisions includes the fol owing rescissions of unobligated balances: $65 mil ion from the Lead Hazard Reduction account as provided by P.L. 117-103; $20 mil ion from the Public Housing Fund provided by P.L. 117-238, remaining balances from defunct program accounts; and amounts for the Self-Help and Assisted Homeownership Opportunity Program as authorized under Section 1079 of P.L. 113-391. p. Section 549 of Division C of P.L. 118-47 amended the FY2024 THUD appropriations act to rescind from unobligated balances $1 mil ion from HUD’s Community Development Fund account (Economic Development Initiatives grants) and to increase funding for DOT’s Transit Infrastructure Grants by $1 mil ion. That adjustment is not reflected in this account or in the totals. Other changes involving the award of EDIs were included in Sections 551 and 552 of the law, but they did not affect account totals. Congressional Research Service 18 link to page 5 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 q. Includes $3 bil ion for CDBG-DR provided by Division N of P.L. 117-328 and $2 bil ion provided by Section 155 of the FY2023 Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 117-180) 155 of the FY2023 Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 117-180)
for unmet needs arising from disasters declared in 2021 and 2022. for unmet needs arising from disasters declared in 2021 and 2022.
j.
r. Includes $2.654 Includes $2.654 billionbil ion for Tenant Based Rental Assistance and $969 for Tenant Based Rental Assistance and $969 millionmil ion for Project Based Rental for Project Based Rental
Assistance Assistance billionbil ion provided by Division N of P.L. 117-328 provided by Division N of P.L. 117-328 and designated as emergency requirement. s.
k. Includes $5.829 . Includes $5.829 billionbil ion provided to the TBRA account and $5.081 provided to the TBRA account and $5.081 billionbil ion provided to the PBRA account and provided to the PBRA account and
designated as an emergency requirement. designated as an emergency requirement.
t. Includes $6 bil ion provided to the TBRA account and $2 bil ion provided to the PBRA account and designated as an emergency requirement. Selected FY2024 HUD Appropriations Topics
Declining FHA Receipts
From FY2023 to FY2024, From FY2023 to FY2024, theCBO estimated estimated that the amount of offsetting receipts from amount of offsetting receipts from FHA and GNMA
declined by $7.6 billion dollars, or almost 74%. HUD’s Federal Housing Administration Mutual Mortgage Insurance (MMI) Fund declined by nearly $7 billion dollars, or almost 85%, to less than $1 billion in savings. This is a steeper decline than initially estimated by the President’s FY2024 budget request to Congress; the President’s budget estimated that FHA’s MMI Fund would generate about half of what was estimated for FY2023 (just under $3.5 billion in savings).14 As noted earlier, these receipts generally serve to As noted earlier, these receipts generally serve to
offset the cost of providing new appropriations for HUD’s programs and activities for budget offset the cost of providing new appropriations for HUD’s programs and activities for budget
enforcement purposes. As a result, it would require an additional enforcement purposes. As a result, it would require an additional nearly $7$7.6 billion in new billion in new
appropriations to provide the same amount of funding for HUD’s programs and activities in appropriations to provide the same amount of funding for HUD’s programs and activities in
FY2024 as was provided in FY2023 (not accounting for cost increases related to inflation). This FY2024 as was provided in FY2023 (not accounting for cost increases related to inflation). This
may presentdecline presented a particular challenge for the appropriations process in light of lower overall a particular challenge for the appropriations process in light of lower overall
discretionary spending levels in FY2024 under the terms of the FRA (as discussed earlier, seediscretionary spending levels in FY2024 under the terms of the FRA (as discussed earlier, see
“Statutory Budget Enforcement in FY2024”)..
The amount of FHA The amount of FHA and GNMA receipts available each year is estimated by CBO based on receipts available each year is estimated by CBO based on
assumptions about the amount and performance of FHA-insured mortgages assumptions about the amount and performance of FHA-insured mortgages (and, in the case of
GNMA, other government-insured or -guaranteed mortgages) issued that year, as well as the fees issued that year, as well as the fees
paid by borrowers. The decline in estimated receipts in FY2024 paid by borrowers. The decline in estimated receipts in FY2024 iswas largely driven by changes in largely driven by changes in
economic projections, such as house prices and interest rates, which affect expected loan volume economic projections, such as house prices and interest rates, which affect expected loan volume
and credit subsidy rates. A HUD decision to reduce the fees charged to FHA and credit subsidy rates. A HUD decision to reduce the fees charged to FHA borrowers14borrowers15 also contributed to the decline. For the purposes of the final FY2024 appropriations agreement for THUD, the House and Senate Budget Committees directed CBO to use the Administration’s estimates of offsetting receipts for FHA’s Mutual Mortgage Insurance program instead of using their own estimates, as has been past practice. According to CBO: 14 The President’s budget assumed offsetting receipts totaling $5.487 billion; the comparable CBO estimate was $1.278 billion. 15 also
contributed to the decline.
Emergency-Designated Funding for Rental Assistance Renewals
Among the largest expenses in HUD’s budget are the annual costs of renewing rental assistance
payments for the more than three million families who are served by the Section 8 Housing
Choice Voucher and project-based rental assistance programs. The renewal costs of these two
programs—funded by the Tenant-Based Rental Assistance (TBRA) and Project-Based Rental

14 HUD Public Affairs, “Biden-Harris Administration to Save FHA Homebuyers Average $800 Annually on Mortgage HUD Public Affairs, “Biden-Harris Administration to Save FHA Homebuyers Average $800 Annually on Mortgage
Payments Through Premium Reduction; 30 Basis Point Reduction in FHA Annual Mortgage Insurance Premium Payments Through Premium Reduction; 30 Basis Point Reduction in FHA Annual Mortgage Insurance Premium
Supports Biden-Harris Administration Goals to Make Homeownership More Affordable and Accessible for Working Supports Biden-Harris Administration Goals to Make Homeownership More Affordable and Accessible for Working
Families,” press release, February 22, 2023, https://www.hud.gov/press/press_releases_media_advisories/Families,” press release, February 22, 2023, https://www.hud.gov/press/press_releases_media_advisories/
hud_no_23_041. hud_no_23_041.
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25 link to page 25 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 As a result of that direction, CBO’s estimate of spending under the jurisdiction of the Subcommittee on Transportation and Housing and Urban Development includes an additional offset of -$2,760 million.16 Emergency-Designated Funding for Rental Assistance Renewals Among the largest expenses in HUD’s budget are the annual costs of renewing rental assistance payments for the more than three million families who are served by the Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher and project-based rental assistance programs. The renewal costs of these two programs—funded by the Tenant-Based Rental Assistance (TBRA) and Project-Based Rental Assistance (PBRA) accounts, respectively—generally account for more than half of the total new Assistance (PBRA) accounts, respectively—generally account for more than half of the total new
funding for HUD’s programs and activities each year.funding for HUD’s programs and activities each year.15
The final17 As illustrated in Figure 1, the FY2023 appropriations law funded FY2023 appropriations law funded FY2023rental assistance renewal costs for these two programs using renewal costs for these two programs using
a combination of regular appropriations (provided in Division L) and supplemental emergency-a combination of regular appropriations (provided in Division L) and supplemental emergency-
designated funding (provided in Division N). designated funding (provided in Division N). As shown in Table 7, nearlyNearly 9% of the total funding 9% of the total funding
for rental assistance renewal costs in the TBRA and PBRA accounts in FY2023 was provided as for rental assistance renewal costs in the TBRA and PBRA accounts in FY2023 was provided as
emergency designated spending, and therefore not subject to regular discretionary spending emergency designated spending, and therefore not subject to regular discretionary spending
limits, including the THUD subcommittee’s 302(b) allocations. limits, including the THUD subcommittee’s 302(b) allocations.
For FY2024, the Senate bill has proposed to fund a larger share of voucherWhile neither the President’s budget nor H.R. 4820 proposed using emergency-designated funding for rental assistance renewal costs in FY2024, as illustrated in Figure 1, the Senate bill proposed to fund a larger share of rental assistance renewal expenses renewal expenses
using emergency fundingusing emergency funding. As shown in Table 7, nearly than in FY2023. Nearly a quarter of a quarter of rental assistance renewal funding would renewal funding would be
have been provided as emergency designated spending under provided as emergency designated spending under S. 2437. (Neither the President’s budget nor
H.R. 4820 proposed using emergency-designated fundingthe Senate bill. The final FY2024 appropriations act included more emergency designated spending for rental for rental assistance renewal funding than was provided in FY2023, but less, overall, than was proposed by the Senate bill. Over 18% of all renewal funding is designated as an emergency requirement in FY2024, accounting for more than 21% of renewal funding for the Housing Choice Voucher program in the TBRA account and nearly 13% of project-based Section 8 renewal funding in the PBRA account. 16 CBO Cost Estimate, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024, March 5, 2024, p. 2, https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2024-03/Consolidated%20Appropriations%20Act%202024.pdf. 17 In FY2023, renewal funding in the TBRA and PBRA accounts, excluding emergency funding, accounted for 54.5% of HUD’s regular gross appropriations. Congressional Research Service 20 link to page 24 link to page 23 link to page 7 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 Figure 1. Rental Assistance Renewal Funding Source: assistance renewal costs in
FY2024.)
Table 7. Emergency Funding Share of Rental Assistance Renewal Funding
(dollars in billions)
FY2023 Enacted
FY2024 Senate

Renewal
Funding
Regular $ Emerg. $ Total $
Emerg.% Regular $ Emerg. $
Total $
Emerg.%
TBRA
23.75
2.65
26.40
10.1%
22.48
5.29
27.77
19.0%
PBRA
13.60
0.97
14.56
6.7%
10.23
5.08
15.31
33.2%
Total
37.34
3.62
40.97
8.8%
32.70
10.37
43.08
24.1%
Sources: FY2023 Enacted figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as FY2023 Enacted figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as
published in H.Rept. 118-154, beginning on published in H.Rept. 118-154, beginning on p.page 410. FY2024 Senate figures are taken from the Comparative 410. FY2024 Senate figures are taken from the Comparative
Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in S.Rept. 118-70, beginning on Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in S.Rept. 118-70, beginning on p. 219page 219. Final FY2024 enacted figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority tables published in the Explanatory Statement accompanying H.R. 4366 as passed by the House and the Senate, as well as the text of the Explanatory Statement and bil , all available in the March 5, 2024, Congressional Record for Division F. Some figures have . Some figures have
been adjusted from the source material for comparability. been adjusted from the source material for comparability.
Program Eliminations and Reductions in H.R. 4820
The total overall new funding for HUD programs and activities—or gross appropriations— The total overall new funding for HUD programs and activities—or gross appropriations—
proposed by H.R. 4820 proposed by H.R. 4820 iswas lower than was provided in FY2023 (-1%) lower than was provided in FY2023 (-1%), when accounting for emergency-designated funds. This may be, in part, . This may be, in part,
because H.R. 4820 because H.R. 4820 doesdid not use emergency designations to offset some of the cost of new not use emergency designations to offset some of the cost of new
appropriations as was done in FY2023 and proposed by S. 2437 appropriations as was done in FY2023 and proposed by S. 2437 ((see the “Emergency-Designated
Funding for Rental Assistance Renewals”), particularly section of this report), particularly in light of the decline in offsetting in light of the decline in offsetting
receipts in FY2024 receipts in FY2024 (“Declining Receipts”) (see the “Declining FHA Receipts” section of this report) and the lower 302(b) allocation for FY2024 relative to and the lower 302(b) allocation for FY2024 relative to
FY2023 (FY2023 (see Table 1). .
To achieve this reduction in gross appropriations, H.R. 4820 To achieve this reduction in gross appropriations, H.R. 4820 would provideproposed funding increases to funding increases to
maintain current services in the primary rental assistance programs (+2.9% for the TBRA account maintain current services in the primary rental assistance programs (+2.9% for the TBRA account
and +6.1% for the PBRA account), but and +6.1% for the PBRA account), but would reduceproposed reduced funding for other programs and activities. funding for other programs and activities.
Slated for particularly large reductions Slated for particularly large reductions arewere the following: the following:
• The Choice Neighborhoods account, which would • The Choice Neighborhoods account, which would receivehave received no funding in no funding in FY2024
FY2024 (it received $350 million in FY2023) under the House Committee-passed bill. This account provides competitive grants to fund the substantial rehabilitation of distressed public housing or other HUD-assisted multifamily properties. • The final FY2024 enacted law included $75 million for Choice Neighborhoods, which is half of what was proposed by the Senate and a 79% reduction relative to FY2023. • The HOME program, which would have been(it received $350 million in FY2023). This account provides competitive grants

15 In FY2023, renewal funding in the TBRA and PBRA accounts, excluding emergency funding, accounted for 54.5%
of HUD’s regular gross appropriations.
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to fund the substantial rehabilitation of distressed public housing or other HUD-
assisted multifamily properties.
• The HOME program, which would be cut from $1.5 billion in FY2023 to cut from $1.5 billion in FY2023 to $500 $500
million in FY2024 (-66.7%)million in FY2024 (-66.7%) under the House Committee-passed bill. This program provides formula grants to states and . This program provides formula grants to states and
localities to be used for affordable housing purposes. H.Rept. 118-154 localities to be used for affordable housing purposes. H.Rept. 118-154 notesnoted that that
the HOME program received $5 the HOME program received $5 Congressional Research Service 21 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 billion from the American Rescue Plan Act of billion from the American Rescue Plan Act of
2021 for specific rental housing activities,2021 for specific rental housing activities,1618 and that only 1% of those funds had and that only 1% of those funds had
been spent.been spent. • The final FY2024 enacted law included $1.25 billion for HOME, a 17% reduction relative to FY2023 and the Senate proposal, but more than twice the amount proposed by the House Committee-passed bill.
• The Section 202 and Section 811 accounts, which • The Section 202 and Section 811 accounts, which wouldwere proposed to be cut by be cut by 15.1% and 15.1% and
42.2%, respectively. These programs fund the development of rental housing and 42.2%, respectively. These programs fund the development of rental housing and
provision of rental assistance for persons who are elderly or have disabilities. provision of rental assistance for persons who are elderly or have disabilities.
H.Rept. 118-154 H.Rept. 118-154 notesnoted that the amounts provided would be sufficient to maintain that the amounts provided would be sufficient to maintain
existing rental assistance contracts, but would not fund construction of new units. existing rental assistance contracts, but would not fund construction of new units.
It further It further notesnoted that both programs that both programs havehad large balances of new construction large balances of new construction
funding from prior years and directs the Secretary to expeditiously award those funding from prior years and directs the Secretary to expeditiously award those
funds.funds. • The final FY2024 enacted law funded these accounts at the House Committee proposed levels.
General Provisions
Each year the THUD appropriations act includes dozens of General Provisions (GPs) for HUD, Each year the THUD appropriations act includes dozens of General Provisions (GPs) for HUD,
which involve administrative guidance on how funding provided in the act should and should not which involve administrative guidance on how funding provided in the act should and should not
be used and, in some cases, amendments to laws that govern the agency’s programs and activities. be used and, in some cases, amendments to laws that govern the agency’s programs and activities.
Many of these GPs are carried over from year to year, but some new GPs are generally added Many of these GPs are carried over from year to year, but some new GPs are generally added
each year.each year.
For FY2024, the President’s budget requested several new GPs, including (but not limited to)
• an extension of the funding availability of Choice Neighborhoods grants by one
year (included in S. 2437, §232);
• creation of a new nonrecurring expenses fund to transfer unobligated balances of
expiring discretionary funding from 2024 and thereafter, to be available until
expended for capital needs of the Department (included in H.R. 4820, §237; and
S. 2437, §240);
• new funding flexibilities for tribes administering Continuum of Care grants
(included in S. 2437, §244);
• a statutory amendment to allow GNMA to securitize Section 542(c) multifamily
risk-sharing loans made by housing finance agencies and insured by FHA;
• a new statutory authorization for HUD to make direct loans to support distressed
PBRA properties;
• new rent adjustment authorities for PBRA properties (to accompany a $3 million
request in the PBRA account);
• new programmatic changes to the Rental Assistance Demonstration (RAD),
including making the program permanent (included in H.R. 4820, §232 and S.
2437, §239);

16 Some of the new GPs considered and/or enacted during the FY2024 appropriations cycle are discussed below. Rental Assistance Demonstration Expansion Section 231 of the final FY2024 appropriations law included several amendments to the Rental Assistance Demonstration (RAD), including extending the authority for RAD from 2024 until 2029, addressing partial conversions under Section 18 authority, and authorizing the conversion of certain Section 811 rental assistance contracts under RAD. Similar provisions were requested by the President and included in H.R. 4820 (§232) and S. 2437 (§239). New Nonrecurring Expenses Fund Account Section 235 of the FY2024 final appropriations act authorizes the creation of a new nonrecurring expenses fund, as requested in the President’s FY2024 budget request and included in H.R. 4820 (§237) and S. 2437 (§240). The account will receive transfers of unobligated balances of expiring discretionary funding from FY2024 and thereafter and the funds will be available until expended for capital needs of the department. Contract Administrators Section 237 of the enacted THUD appropriations law includes a provision similar to a provision in FY2023 and included in H.R. 4820 that prohibits HUD from using funding in the bill or in prior acts to issue a solicitation or accept bids on a solicitation substantially equivalent to a draft 18 The HOME funding provided in the American Rescue Plan Act, known as HOME-ARP, has somewhat different The HOME funding provided in the American Rescue Plan Act, known as HOME-ARP, has somewhat different
requirements related to eligible activities and eligible populations than the broader HOME program. For more requirements related to eligible activities and eligible populations than the broader HOME program. For more
information on HOME-ARP, see https://www.hudexchange.info/programs/home-arp/. information on HOME-ARP, see https://www.hudexchange.info/programs/home-arp/.
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• authorization for HUD to use cooperative agreements when making
solicitation HUD published in July 2022. HUD has been unsuccessfully attempting to rebid the performance-based contract administrator contracts it uses to help manage the PBRA program for more than a decade. In the FY2024 budget request, the Administration sought a provision, which was included in S. 2437 (§251) that would have authorized the department to use cooperative agreements in lieu of procurement contracts when making performance-based contract administrator awards for the PBRA program. While this authority was not included in the final law, the explanatory statement notes, “the agreement recognizes that HUD faces a complicated task of developing new PBCA arrangements before the existing agreements expire” and directs the agency to develop any requests for necessary legislative changes in consultation with stakeholders and the House and Senate authorizing and appropriations committees.19 Moving to Work Contract Extension Section 241 of the enacted THUD appropriations law extends the term of certain existing Moving to Work agreements from FY2028 through FY2038. This provision was not included in the President’s budget request or in the House Committee-passed bill. A provision to extend the contracts through FY2043 was included in S. 2437 (§252). Continuum of Care Awards Section 242 of the enacted THUD appropriations law allows HUD to provide two-year funding award competitions for Continuum of Care (CoC) grants. The CoC program is the largest competitive grant program in the government and it funds, via local providers, various forms of housing assistance and related services for persons who are experiencing homelessness. This provision was not included in the general provisions portion of the President’s FY2024 budget request20or the House Committee-passed bill, but was included in S. 2437 (§253). Housing Choice Voucher Waivers Section 243 of the FY2024 enacted THUD funding bill authorizes the HUD Secretary to issue waivers of various program requirements in administering certain special purpose vouchers (Family Unification Program vouchers and mainstream vouchers for persons with disabilities). This provision was not included in the President’s FY204 budget request or the House Committee-passed bill, but was included in S. 2437 (§254). Other Provisions, Not Enacted A number of provisions proposed by the President, in the House Committee-passed bill and/or Senate-passed bill were not included in the final law. Among others, these proposed provisions were not included in the final appropriations law: • a statutory amendment to allow GNMA to securitize Section 542(c) multifamily risk-sharing loans made by housing finance agencies and insured by FHA (requested in the President’s FY2024 budget); • a new statutory authorization for HUD to make direct loans to support distressed PBRA properties (requested in the President’s FY2024 budget); 19 Congressional Record, vol. 170, part 39 (March 5, 2024), pp. S1875-1876. 20 While this provision wasperformance-based contract administrator awards for the PBRA program
(included in S. 2437, §251); and
• a sunset of the existing Moderate Rehabilitation program to facilitate RAD
conversion of the remaining properties.
H.R. 4820, as reported, proposed a number of new GPs (in addition to accepting versions of
several of the GPs requested in the President’s budget, as noted above), including
• several provisions related to Native American housing programs (§§238-240);17
• a prohibition on the use of funds in the act in contravention of existing law
regarding noncitizen eligibility for or participation in federal housing programs
(§241);
• a prohibition on the use of funding provided by this bill, or any other, from taking
action against a person “wholly or partially, on the basis that such person speaks,
or acts, in accordance with a sincerely held religious belief, or moral conviction,
that marriage is, or should be recognized as, a union of one man and one woman”
(§431); and
• a prohibition on the provision of federal funding to local jurisdictions that refuse
to comply with federal requests for advance notice of release of a particular alien
in local custody and a similar provision in Title IV of the bill, prohibiting the use
of funds in contravention of Section 642 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and
Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (§432).
In addition to including some of those requested in the President’s budget (noted above), the
Senate bill also proposed several new GPs, including
• a provision to make previously appropriated funds available for direct support for
certain small properties undergoing RAD conversion (§241);
• guidance on the treatment of rent incentives in the Jobs-Plus public housing
program (§243);
• several provisions related to Native American housing programs, some of which
were also included in H.R. 4820 (§§245-247);18
• restrictions on residential Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) financing for
properties with mortgages insured or guaranteed by HUD (§249 and §250);19
• a provision to extend Moving to Work contracts through FY2043 (§252);
• authority for HUD to issue a two-year Notice of Funding Opportunity for the
Continuum of Care program. (§253);20 and

17 While these provisions were not included in the GPs requested in the President’s budget request, HUD’s not included in the GPs requested in the President’s budget request, HUD’s
congressional budget justifications indicated that the Department would seek changes in congressional budget justifications indicated that the Department would seek changes in some of thesethis policy policy areasarea via via
the authorization process. the authorization process. See, for example, p. 13-4See page 21-8 of HUD’s FY2024 Congressional Budget Justifications. Congressional Research Service 23 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 • a sunset of the existing Moderate Rehabilitation program to facilitate RAD conversion of the remaining properties (requested in the President’s FY2024 budget); • a prohibition on the provision of federal funding to local jurisdictions that refuse to comply with federal requests for advance notice of release of a particular alien in local custody and a similar provision in Title IV of the bill, prohibiting the use of funds in contravention of Section 642 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (included in the House Committee-passed bill [§432]). • a provision to make previously appropriated funds available for direct support for certain small properties undergoing RAD conversion (included in the Senate-passed bill [§241]); • guidance on the treatment of rent incentives in the Jobs-Plus public housing program (included in the Senate-passed bill, [§243]); • several provisions related to Native American housing programs (some included in the House committee bill [§§238-240] and some included in the Senate-passed bill [§§245-247]);21 and • restrictions on residential Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) financing for properties with mortgages insured or guaranteed by HUD (included in the Senate-passed bill [§248-§250]).22 of HUD’s FY2024 Congressional Budget Justifications.
18 While these provisions were not included in the GPs requested in the President’s budget request, HUD’s
congressional budget justifications indicated that the Department would seek changes in some of these policy areas via
the authorization process. See, for example, pp. 13-4 and 15-3 of HUD’s FY2024 Congressional Budget Justifications.
19 While these provisions were not included in the GPs requested in the President’s budget request, HUD’s
congressional budget justifications indicated that the Department would seek changes in these policy areas via the
authorization process. See pp. 13-4, 15-3, and 28-5 of HUD’s FY2024 Congressional Budget Justifications.
20 While this provision was not included in the GPs requested in the President’s budget request, HUD’s congressional
(continued...)
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• expanded waiver authority for certain special purpose Housing Choice Vouchers.
(§254).
THUD Related Agencies
The annual THUD appropriations bills generally provide funding for seven independent agencies The annual THUD appropriations bills generally provide funding for seven independent agencies
that undertake activities related to transportation and/or housing. that undertake activities related to transportation and/or housing.
• The U.S. Access Board is an independent federal agency designed to coordinate • The U.S. Access Board is an independent federal agency designed to coordinate
other federal agencies to promote accessible design and the development of other federal agencies to promote accessible design and the development of
accessibility guidelines and standards to ensure access to federally funded public accessibility guidelines and standards to ensure access to federally funded public
infrastructure for persons with disabilities.infrastructure for persons with disabilities.2123
• The Federal Maritime Commission is an independent federal agency charged • The Federal Maritime Commission is an independent federal agency charged
with regulating U.S. ocean commerce. with regulating U.S. ocean commerce.2224
• The Amtrak Inspector General is an independent organization charged with • The Amtrak Inspector General is an independent organization charged with
providing oversight of Amtrak’s programs and operations. providing oversight of Amtrak’s programs and operations.2325
• The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigates accidents, • The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigates accidents,
crashes, and other events in transportation. crashes, and other events in transportation.24
• The Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (NeighborWorks America) is a
congressionally chartered nonprofit that supports a network of community
organizations that provide affordable housing, financial counseling, and resident
engagement.25
• The Surface Transportation Board is an independent federal agency that is “the
economic regulation of various modes of surface transportation, primarily freight
rail.”26
• The Interagency Council on Homelessness is an independent federal agency
charged with coordinating the federal response to homelessness.27
Table 8. THUD Related Agencies, FY2023-FY2024 Detailed Appropriations
(dollars in millions)
FY2024
FY2023
FY2024
House
FY2024
FY2024
Related Agency
Enacted
Request
Comm.
Senate
Enacted
Access Board
10
10
10
10

Federal Maritime Commission
38
44
44
44


budget justifications indicated that the Department would seek changes in this policy area26 21 While these provisions were not included in the GPs in the President’s budget request, HUD’s congressional budget justifications indicated that the department would seek changes in some of these policy areas via the authorization process. See, for example, pages 13-4 and 15-3 of HUD’s FY2024 Congressional Budget Justifications. 22 While these provisions were not included in the GPs in the President’s budget request, HUD’s congressional budget justifications indicated that the department would seek changes in these policy areas via the authorization process. See pages 13-4, 15-3, and 28-5 via the authorization process.
See p. 21-8 of HUD’s FY2024 Congressional Budget Justifications. of HUD’s FY2024 Congressional Budget Justifications.
2123 See https://www.access-board.gov/about/. See https://www.access-board.gov/about/.
2224 See https://www.fmc.gov/about-the-fmc/. See https://www.fmc.gov/about-the-fmc/.
2325 See https://amtrakoig.gov/about-us. See https://amtrakoig.gov/about-us.
2426 See https://www.ntsb.gov/about/Pages/default.aspx. See https://www.ntsb.gov/about/Pages/default.aspx.
25 See https://www.neighborworks.org/About-Us.
26 See https://www.stb.gov/about-stb/.
27 See https://www.usich.gov/about-usich/.
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link to page 24 THUD Appropriations: FY2024
Congressional Research Service 24 link to page 29 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 • The Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (NeighborWorks America) is a congressionally chartered nonprofit that supports a network of community organizations that provide affordable housing, financial counseling, and resident engagement.27 • The Surface Transportation Board is an independent federal agency that is “the economic regulation of various modes of surface transportation, primarily freight rail.”28 • The Interagency Council on Homelessness is an independent federal agency charged with coordinating the federal response to homelessness.29 Table 6. THUD Related Agencies, FY2023-FY2024 Detailed Appropriations (dollars in millions)
FY2024
FY2023
FY2024
House
FY2024
FY2024
Related Agency
Enacted
Request
Comm.
Senate
Enacted
Access Board 10 10 10 10 10 Federal Maritime Commission 38 44 44 44 40 National Railroad Passenger National Railroad Passenger
Corporation (Amtrak) Office of Corporation (Amtrak) Office of
28 28
30 30
30 30
29 29

29 Inspector General Inspector General
National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board
129 129
145 145
145 145
134 134

140 Neighborhood Reinvestment Neighborhood Reinvestment
Corporation (NeighborWorks Corporation (NeighborWorks
170 170
172 172
172 172
170 170

158 America) America)
Surface Transportation Board Surface Transportation Board
41 41
48 48
48 48
47 47

47 Offsetting Collections
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
U.S. Interagency Council on U.S. Interagency Council on
Homelessness 4 4
5 5
4 4
4 4
Homelessness

4 Total
420
453
452
438

428 Sources: FY2023 Enacted, FY2024 President’s Request, and FY2024 House figures are taken from the FY2023 Enacted, FY2024 President’s Request, and FY2024 House figures are taken from the
Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 118-154, beginning on Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 118-154, beginning on p.page 410, as 410, as
well as congressional budget justifications. FY2024 Senate figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of well as congressional budget justifications. FY2024 Senate figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of
New Budget Authority table, as published in S.Rept. 118-70, beginning on New Budget Authority table, as published in S.Rept. 118-70, beginning on p. 219page 219. Final FY2024 enacted figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority tables published in the Explanatory Statement accompanying H.R. 4366 as passed by the House and the Senate, as well as the text of the Explanatory Statement and bil , all available in the March 5, 2024, Congressional Record for Division F. Some figures have been . Some figures have been
adjusted for comparability. adjusted for comparability.
Note: Values may not sum to totals or exactly match source materials because of rounding. Values may not sum to totals or exactly match source materials because of rounding.
As shown As shown inin Table 86, allmost of the related agencies funded in the THUD bill of the related agencies funded in the THUD bill would receivereceived level or increased funding from FY2023 in the final FY2024 THUD appropriations act. One agency received a funding decrease; NeighborWorks received a funding cut of $12 million (7.1%). 27 See https://www.neighborworks.org/About-Us. 28 See https://www.stb.gov/about-stb/. 29 See https://www.usich.gov/about-usich/. Congressional Research Service 25 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 Since FY2019, appropriations acts had specified that NeighborWorks was to use a certain amount of funding (between $1 million and $4 million, depending on the year) for the promotion and development of shared equity housing models. The Senate Committee-passed bill would have provided $2 million for this purpose, while the House Committee-passed bill did not direct any funding to be used specifically for shared equity housing. The final FY2024 THUD appropriations act does not specify a set-aside of NeighborWorks funding for shared equity housing, though the explanatory statement notes that the agreement “supports NeighborWorks in its efforts to continue to advance shared equity models” and directs NeighborWorks to engage in certain activities related to shared equity housing.30 Author Information Maggie McCarty, Coordinator Jennifer J. Marshall Specialist in Housing Policy Analyst in Transportation Policy level or
increased funding relative to the prior year under the President’s FY2024 budget request. The
largest dollar increases were proposed for the National Transportation Safety Board (+$16
million, +12.1%) and the Surface Transportation Board (+$7 million, +16.3%).
With the exception of funding for the Interagency Council on Homelessness, H.R. 4820 would
meet the President’s request for the related agencies. The Senate bill proposes funding below the
President’s request for most of the related agencies, but would fund all at or above the FY2023
level.


Author Information

Maggie McCarty

Specialist in Housing Policy


Acknowledgments
Former CRS analyst David Randall Peterman contributed to the Department of Transportation portion of
this report.
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30 Congressional Record, vol. 170, part 39 (March 5, 2024), p. S1878. The agreement directs NeighborWorks to work with affiliates with shared equity experience as technical assistance providers and to “continue to develop and enhance professional development offerings around shared equity housing.” Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service
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