Child Care Access Means Parents in Schools (CCAMPIS): In Brief

Changes from February 13, 2023 to January 23, 2024

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Child Care Access Means Parents in Schools
~~February 13, 2023~~January 23, 2024
(CCAMPIS): In Brief
Adam K. Edgerton
Child Care Access Means Parents in School (CCAMPIS) grants are provided to institutions of Child Care Access Means Parents in School (CCAMPIS) grants are provided to institutions of
Analyst in Education Policy Analyst in Education Policy
higher education (IHEs) by the federal government to support or establish campus-based child higher education (IHEs) by the federal government to support or establish campus-based child

care services that primarily serve the needs of low-income students. CCAMPIS grants were first care services that primarily serve the needs of low-income students. CCAMPIS grants were first
funded in FY1999 after enactment of the Higher Education Amendments of 1998 (P.L. 105-244). funded in FY1999 after enactment of the Higher Education Amendments of 1998 (P.L. 105-244).

According to a nationally representative survey in academic year 2015-2016, 22% of undergraduate students and 31% of According to a nationally representative survey in academic year 2015-2016, 22% of undergraduate students and 31% of
graduate students were parents. Of the 3.8 million undergraduate students raising children while in college, 1.1 million were graduate students were parents. Of the 3.8 million undergraduate students raising children while in college, 1.1 million were
Pell Grant recipients. The majority of undergraduate students who paid any child care costs spent $500 or less per month. Pell Grant recipients. The majority of undergraduate students who paid any child care costs spent $500 or less per month.
CCAMPIS grants are authorized by Title IV, Part A, Subpart 7 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA; P.L. 89-329, as CCAMPIS grants are authorized by Title IV, Part A, Subpart 7 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA; P.L. 89-329, as
amended). Grants may be used for before- or after-school services, and low-income student-parents may receive CCAMPIS amended). Grants may be used for before- or after-school services, and low-income student-parents may receive CCAMPIS
benefits in addition to other federal child care benefits. For eligibility purposes, a benefits in addition to other federal child care benefits. For eligibility purposes, a low-income student-parent is any is any
undergraduate student-parent eligible to receive a federal Pell Grant, as well as any student-parent who would be eligible to undergraduate student-parent eligible to receive a federal Pell Grant, as well as any student-parent who would be eligible to
receive a Pell Grant except that they are enrolled in a graduate or professional degree program, or are a temporary visa receive a Pell Grant except that they are enrolled in a graduate or professional degree program, or are a temporary visa
student. student.
The Department of Education (ED) conducts CCAMPIS grant competitions every four years. To be eligible, IHEs must The Department of Education (ED) conducts CCAMPIS grant competitions every four years. To be eligible, IHEs must
adhere to all Title IV requirements, and the total amount of Pell Grant funds awarded to students enrolled for the preceding adhere to all Title IV requirements, and the total amount of Pell Grant funds awarded to students enrolled for the preceding
fiscal year must equal or exceed $250,000 when CCAMPIS appropriations exceed $20 million. Appropriations have fiscal year must equal or exceed $250,000 when CCAMPIS appropriations exceed $20 million. Appropriations have
exceeded this amount since FY2018. To maximize the number of families served, grantees must leverage significant exceeded this amount since FY2018. To maximize the number of families served, grantees must leverage significant
institutional resources and use a sliding scale fee system. institutional resources and use a sliding scale fee system. ~~Grantees must also obtain accreditation~~Applicants must submit plans for the child care facilities included in their applications to become accredited within three years of within three years of
receiving funds. The accreditation requirement is unique to CCAMPIS compared to other federal child care programs, such receiving funds. The accreditation requirement is unique to CCAMPIS compared to other federal child care programs, such
as those authorized under the Child Care and Development Block Grant of 1990 (CCDBG Act; P.L. 101-508, as amended), as those authorized under the Child Care and Development Block Grant of 1990 (CCDBG Act; P.L. 101-508, as amended),
which do not typically mandate accreditation. which do not typically mandate accreditation.
According to a 2019 Government Accountability Office (GAO) report using data from AY2016-2017, CCAMPIS helped According to a 2019 Government Accountability Office (GAO) report using data from AY2016-2017, CCAMPIS helped
about 3,300 students who were parents pay for child care, and more than 4,000 children were on waiting lists. The median about 3,300 students who were parents pay for child care, and more than 4,000 children were on waiting lists. The median
monthly payment for students-parents was about $160, after receiving about $385 per month in CCAMPIS subsidies. After monthly payment for students-parents was about $160, after receiving about $385 per month in CCAMPIS subsidies. After
years of fairly level funding from FY2011 to FY2017, CCAMPIS appropriations have been increasing, rising from $15 years of fairly level funding from FY2011 to FY2017, CCAMPIS appropriations have been increasing, rising from $15
million in FY2017 to $75 million in FY2023. ED awarded 300 new awards in FY2022, which averaged $150,000 annually. million in FY2017 to $75 million in FY2023. ED awarded 300 new awards in FY2022, which averaged $150,000 annually.
In the 117th Congress, two bills would have amended the program. H.R. 1911 would have increased the maximum award In the 117th Congress, two bills would have amended the program. H.R. 1911 would have increased the maximum award
from 1% to 2% of all Pell Grants awarded to enrolled students, increased the duration of grants from four to five years, and from 1% to 2% of all Pell Grants awarded to enrolled students, increased the duration of grants from four to five years, and
created performance bonuses based on graduation rates and credits accumulated by beneficiaries. Performance reporting created performance bonuses based on graduation rates and credits accumulated by beneficiaries. Performance reporting
would have become publicly available. S. 2625 would have increased the minimum amount to $75,000 (compared to $30,000 would have become publicly available. S. 2625 would have increased the minimum amount to $75,000 (compared to $30,000
currently) and established a $2 million maximum (compared to no maximum currently). The legislation would have replaced currently) and established a $2 million maximum (compared to no maximum currently). The legislation would have replaced
the use of a minimum amount of Pell Grant dollars awarded with a minimum number of 150 Pell recipients to establish the use of a minimum amount of Pell Grant dollars awarded with a minimum number of 150 Pell recipients to establish
institutional eligibility. institutional eligibility.
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Child Care Access Means Parents in Schools (CCAMPIS): In Brief

Introduction
Student-parents face unique postsecondary persistence and completion challenges as they balance Student-parents face unique postsecondary persistence and completion challenges as they balance
raising children with the demands of coursework and possibly employment. raising children with the demands of coursework and possibly employment. ~~In order to~~To help low- help low-
income student-parents earn degrees and credentials, the federal government provides Child Care income student-parents earn degrees and credentials, the federal government provides Child Care
Access Means Parents in School (CCAMPIS) grants to institutions of higher educations (IHEs). Access Means Parents in School (CCAMPIS) grants to institutions of higher educations (IHEs).
CCAMPIS grants support or establish campus-based child care services that primarily serve the CCAMPIS grants support or establish campus-based child care services that primarily serve the
needs of low-income students. CCAMPIS was first funded in FY1999 after enactment of the needs of low-income students. CCAMPIS was first funded in FY1999 after enactment of the
Higher Education Amendments of 1998 (P.L. 105-244).1 Higher Education Amendments of 1998 (P.L. 105-244).1
CCAMPIS grants are authorized by Title IV, Part A, Subpart 7 of the Higher Education Act of CCAMPIS grants are authorized by Title IV, Part A, Subpart 7 of the Higher Education Act of
1965 (HEA; P.L. 89-329, as amended). Grants may be used for before- or after-school services, 1965 (HEA; P.L. 89-329, as amended). Grants may be used for before- or after-school services,
and low-income student-parents who benefit may still use other federal child care programs for and low-income student-parents who benefit may still use other federal child care programs for
which they are eligible.2 For eligibility purposes, a which they are eligible.2 For eligibility purposes, a low-income student-parent is any is any
undergraduate student-parent eligible to receive a federal Pell Grant, as well as any student-parent undergraduate student-parent eligible to receive a federal Pell Grant, as well as any student-parent
who would be eligible to receive a Pell Grant except that they are enrolled in a graduate or who would be eligible to receive a Pell Grant except that they are enrolled in a graduate or
professional degree program, or are a temporary visa student.3 professional degree program, or are a temporary visa student.3
This report briefly describes the postsecondary undergraduate student-parent population and their This report briefly describes the postsecondary undergraduate student-parent population and their
dependent care costs. It then provides an explanation of CCAMPIS eligibility and program dependent care costs. It then provides an explanation of CCAMPIS eligibility and program
requirements. This is followed by a summary of program appropriations trends, program outcome requirements. This is followed by a summary of program appropriations trends, program outcome
data, and recent congressional proposals to reauthorize and modify the program. data, and recent congressional proposals to reauthorize and modify the program.
Characteristics of Undergraduate Pell Grant
Recipient Student-Parents
Every four years, the U.S. Department of Education’s (ED’s) National Center for Education Every four years, the U.S. Department of Education’s (ED’s) National Center for Education
Statistics (NCES) conducts the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS). This Statistics (NCES) conducts the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS). This
nationally representative survey examines the characteristics of students in postsecondary nationally representative survey examines the characteristics of students in postsecondary
education, with a special emphasis on how they finance their education.4 Data presented below education, with a special emphasis on how they finance their education.4 Data presented below
are from the NPSAS administered during academic year (AY) 2015-2016are from the NPSAS administered during academic year (AY) 2015-2016~~, as not all items related~~
~~to child care were asked during the AY2017-2018 NPSAS administration~~. .
Data presented in the figures below compare the percentages of undergraduates who are student- Data presented in the figures below compare the percentages of undergraduates who are student-
parents based on their Pell Grant recipient status. In AY2015-2016, 22% of undergraduate parents based on their Pell Grant recipient status. In AY2015-2016, 22% of undergraduate
students and 31% of graduate students were parents.5 The largest share of undergraduate student-students and 31% of graduate students were parents.5 The largest share of undergraduate student-

1 For more information on the history of CCAMPIS, see U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary 1 For more information on the history of CCAMPIS, see U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary
Education, Education, A Profile of the Federal TRIO Programs and Child Care Access Means Parents in School Program, ,
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED499061.pdf. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED499061.pdf.
2 The main federal law supporting child care programs for low-income working families is the Child Care and 2 The main federal law supporting child care programs for low-income working families is the Child Care and
Development Block Grant (CCDBG). See CRS Report RL30785, Development Block Grant (CCDBG). See CRS Report RL30785, The Child Care and Development Block Grant:
Background and Funding. .
3 HEA, §419N(7). For more information on federal Pell Grants, see CRS Report R45418, 3 HEA, §419N(7). For more information on federal Pell Grants, see CRS Report R45418, Federal Pell Grant Program
of the Higher Education Act: Primer. .
4 For more information, see National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS), https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/npsas/. 4 For more information, see National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS), https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/npsas/.
5 U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Postsecondary Student Aid Study: 5 U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Postsecondary Student Aid Study:
2016 Undergraduates (NPSAS:16UG); and U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2016 Undergraduates (NPSAS:16UG); and U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,
National Postsecondary Student Aid Study: 2016 Graduate (NPSAS:16GR). In AY2017-2018, there was a decline in National Postsecondary Student Aid Study: 2016 Graduate (NPSAS:16GR). In AY2017-2018, there was a decline in
the share of undergraduate students who were parents (from 22% to 19%) but no change in the share of graduate the share of undergraduate students who were parents (from 22% to 19%) but no change in the share of graduate
students who were parents. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National (continued...) Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

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Child Care Access Means Parents in Schools (CCAMPIS): In Brief

parents who received Pell Grants attended public two-year institutions (33%), followed by public parents who received Pell Grants attended public two-year institutions (33%), followed by public
four-year institutions (18%), and private for-profit institutions (18%). Because graduate students four-year institutions (18%), and private for-profit institutions (18%). Because graduate students
do not receive Pell Grants, this comparison is only available at the undergraduate level. Data do not receive Pell Grants, this comparison is only available at the undergraduate level. Data
presented also display the distribution of monthly dependent care costs faced by undergraduate presented also display the distribution of monthly dependent care costs faced by undergraduate
student-parents. student-parents.
In AY2015-2016, 39% of all undergraduate students received Pell Grants, and 29% of In AY2015-2016, 39% of all undergraduate students received Pell Grants, and 29% of
undergraduate student-parents were Pell recipients (seeundergraduate student-parents were Pell recipients (see Figure 1). Of the 3.8 million . Of the 3.8 million
undergraduate students raising children while in college, 1.1 million were Pell recipients. undergraduate students raising children while in college, 1.1 million were Pell recipients.
Figure 1. Share of Undergraduate Student-Parents by Pell Grant Recipient Status
AY2015-2016 AY2015-2016

Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Postsecondary U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Postsecondary
Student Aid Study: 2016 Undergraduates (NPSAS:16UG). Student Aid Study: 2016 Undergraduates (NPSAS:16UG).
Notes: Student-parent refers to any student who reports a dependent child. refers to any student who reports a dependent child.
The majority of undergraduate student-parents were paying between $1 to $500 in monthly The majority of undergraduate student-parents were paying between $1 to $500 in monthly
dependent care costs. Dependent care costs are the average amounts the student, and spouse if dependent care costs. Dependent care costs are the average amounts the student, and spouse if
applicable, were responsible for paying each month for paid child care. As shown iapplicable, were responsible for paying each month for paid child care. As shown in Figure 2,
these costs differed depending upon Pell or non-Pell recipient status. Seventy-four percent of Pell these costs differed depending upon Pell or non-Pell recipient status. Seventy-four percent of Pell
Grant recipients spent $500 or less per month compared to 63% of non-Pell Grant recipients, with Grant recipients spent $500 or less per month compared to 63% of non-Pell Grant recipients, with
more than three-fourths of these costs funding child care for dependents age 6 and under.6 more than three-fourths of these costs funding child care for dependents age 6 and under.6

~~students who were parents. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National~~
Postsecondary Student Aid Study-Administrative Collection: 2018, Undergraduates (NPSAS-18AC); and U.S. Postsecondary Student Aid Study-Administrative Collection: 2018, Undergraduates (NPSAS-18AC); and U.S.
Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Postsecondary Student Aid Study-Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Postsecondary Student Aid Study-
Administrative Collection: 2018, Graduates (NPSAS-18AC). Administrative Collection: 2018, Graduates (NPSAS-18AC).
6 As calculated using NCES DataLab with data from NPSAS:16UG, https://nces.ed.gov/datalab/powerstats/121- 6 As calculated using NCES DataLab with data from NPSAS:16UG, https://nces.ed.gov/datalab/powerstats/121-
national-postsecondary-student-aid-study-2016-undergraduates/averages-medians-percents. national-postsecondary-student-aid-study-2016-undergraduates/averages-medians-percents.
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Child Care Access Means Parents in Schools (CCAMPIS): In Brief

Figure 2. Distribution of Monthly Dependent Care Fees Paid by Undergraduate
Students Who Had Dependent Children in Paid Child care, by Pell Grant
Recipient Status
AY2015-2016 AY2015-2016

Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Postsecondary U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Postsecondary
Student Aid Study: 2016 Undergraduates (NPSAS:16UG). Student Aid Study: 2016 Undergraduates (NPSAS:16UG).
Notes: Percentages exclude those student-parents who did not pay for child care and cannot be differentiated Percentages exclude those student-parents who did not pay for child care and cannot be differentiated
from other respondents without dependent children who skipped this survey question. from other respondents without dependent children who skipped this survey question.
CCAMPIS Awards
The purpose of CCAMPIS grants is “to support the participation of low-income parents in The purpose of CCAMPIS grants is “to support the participation of low-income parents in
postsecondary education through the provision of campus-based child care services.”7 ED postsecondary education through the provision of campus-based child care services.”7 ED
administers the program, awarding grants directly to IHEs based on a set of competitive priorities administers the program, awarding grants directly to IHEs based on a set of competitive priorities
and statutorily specified requirements.8 and statutorily specified requirements.8
Grant funds are used by IHEs to subsidize child care costs for low-income, Pell Grant-eligible Grant funds are used by IHEs to subsidize child care costs for low-income, Pell Grant-eligible
students; provide child care via campus-based programs or by outsourcing within the community; students; provide child care via campus-based programs or by outsourcing within the community;
and provide child care services before or after school.9 ED awards grants to IHEs for a period of and provide child care services before or after school.9 ED awards grants to IHEs for a period of
four years.10 four years.10

7 HEA, §419N(a). In practice, services may not necessarily be provided on-campus. 7 HEA, §419N(a). In practice, services may not necessarily be provided on-campus.
8 Outside of these requirements, there are no program-specific regulations. See U.S. Department of Education, Child 8 Outside of these requirements, there are no program-specific regulations. See U.S. Department of Education, Child
Care Access Means Parents in School Program, Laws, Regulations, & Guidance, https://www2.ed.gov/programs/Care Access Means Parents in School Program, Laws, Regulations, & Guidance, https://www2.ed.gov/programs/
campisp/legislation.html. campisp/legislation.html.
9 U.S. Department of Education, Child Care Access Means Parents in School Program, Frequently Asked Questions, 9 U.S. Department of Education, Child Care Access Means Parents in School Program, Frequently Asked Questions,
https://www2.ed.gov/programs/campisp/faq.html#q10. https://www2.ed.gov/programs/campisp/faq.html#q10.
10 HEA, §419N(b)(3). 10 HEA, §419N(b)(3).
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Child Care Access Means Parents in Schools (CCAMPIS): In Brief

CCAMPIS Application Process
~~In order to~~To be eligible for a CCAMPIS grant, an IHE must first meet all requirements under HEA be eligible for a CCAMPIS grant, an IHE must first meet all requirements under HEA
Title IV.11 Additionally, the total amount of all Pell Grant funds awarded to students enrolled for Title IV.11 Additionally, the total amount of all Pell Grant funds awarded to students enrolled for
the preceding fiscal year must equal or exceed $350,000, a minimum that declines to $250,000 the preceding fiscal year must equal or exceed $350,000, a minimum that declines to $250,000
when appropriations for CCAMPIS exceed $20 million.12 Grant competitions are held every four when appropriations for CCAMPIS exceed $20 million.12 Grant competitions are held every four
years,13 as awards are for a four-year period. years,13 as awards are for a four-year period.
Eligible applicants must demonstrate the child care needs of low-income students by including an Eligible applicants must demonstrate the child care needs of low-income students by including an
assessment of child care capacity on or near campus, waiting lists for existing child care, and assessment of child care capacity on or near campus, waiting lists for existing child care, and
additional needs created by concentrations of poverty or geographic isolation, among other additional needs created by concentrations of poverty or geographic isolation, among other
relevant factors.14 Applicants must also identify resources that will support their child care relevant factors.14 Applicants must also identify resources that will support their child care
program, including technical expertise and financial support, and explain the extent to which the program, including technical expertise and financial support, and explain the extent to which the
child care program will coordinate with the institution’s early childhood education curriculum child care program will coordinate with the institution’s early childhood education curriculum
regardless of whether care is provided on-campus.15 regardless of whether care is provided on-campus.15
IHEs seeking assistance for a new child care program must adhere to additional statutory IHEs seeking assistance for a new child care program must adhere to additional statutory
requirements. Applicants must provide a complete project timeline, covering the period from the requirements. Applicants must provide a complete project timeline, covering the period from the
receipt of the grant through the provision of child care services, delineating the specific steps the receipt of the grant through the provision of child care services, delineating the specific steps the
institution will take to achieve the goal of providing low-income students with child care services. institution will take to achieve the goal of providing low-income students with child care services.
IHEs must also specify any measures they will take to assist low-income students with child care IHEs must also specify any measures they will take to assist low-income students with child care
before the institutions provide child care services.16 Prior successful applicants do not receive before the institutions provide child care services.16 Prior successful applicants do not receive
preference in the competition. preference in the competition.
ED considers only those applications that meet two absolute priorities, per statutorily specific ED considers only those applications that meet two absolute priorities, per statutorily specific
requirements.17 First, projects must leverage significant local or institutional resources, including requirements.17 First, projects must leverage significant local or institutional resources, including
in-kind contributions. Second, projects must use a sliding fee scale in order to support a higher in-kind contributions. Second, projects must use a sliding fee scale in order to support a higher
number of low-income parents. number of low-income parents.
ED may also establish competitive preference priorities and invitational priorities.18 Whereas ED may also establish competitive preference priorities and invitational priorities.18 Whereas
applicants addressing a competitive priority may be awarded additional points in the grant applicants addressing a competitive priority may be awarded additional points in the grant
competition, those addressing invitational priorities do not receive additional points. In FY2022, competition, those addressing invitational priorities do not receive additional points. In FY2022,
the competitive preference priority centered on strengthening cross-agency coordination and the competitive preference priority centered on strengthening cross-agency coordination and
community engagement to advance systemic change. The three invitational priorities focused on community engagement to advance systemic change. The three invitational priorities focused on
supporting students who are single parents, increasing campus-based child care for infants and supporting students who are single parents, increasing campus-based child care for infants and
toddlers, and providing wraparound services. toddlers, and providing wraparound services.

11 For more information on Title IV eligibility requirements, see CRS Report R43159, 11 For more information on Title IV eligibility requirements, see CRS Report R43159, Institutional Eligibility for
Participation in Title IV Student Financial Aid Programs. .
12 HEA, §419N(c)(4). 12 HEA, §419N(c)(4).
13 U.S. Department of Education, Child Care Access Means Parents in School Program, Frequently Asked Questions, 13 U.S. Department of Education, Child Care Access Means Parents in School Program, Frequently Asked Questions,
https://www2.ed.gov/programs/campisp/faq.html#q3. https://www2.ed.gov/programs/campisp/faq.html#q3.
14 HEA, §419N(c)(3). 14 HEA, §419N(c)(3).
15 HEA, §419N(c)(5-7). 15 HEA, §419N(c)(5-7).
16 HEA, §419N(c)(8). 16 HEA, §419N(c)(8).
17 HEA, §419N(d). 17 HEA, §419N(d).
18 34 C.F.R. §75.105(c). 18 34 C.F.R. §75.105(c).
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Child Care Access Means Parents in Schools (CCAMPIS): In Brief

Grant Amounts
HEA provisions delineate that CCAMPIS grants may not exceed 1% of the total amount of all HEA provisions delineate that CCAMPIS grants may not exceed 1% of the total amount of all
Pell Grant funds awarded to students enrolled at the recipient IHE for the preceding fiscal year.19 Pell Grant funds awarded to students enrolled at the recipient IHE for the preceding fiscal year.19
HEA provisions also specify that the minimum award size is $10,000 per year unless overall HEA provisions also specify that the minimum award size is $10,000 per year unless overall
CCAMPIS annual appropriations exceed $20 million, at which point the minimum grant becomes CCAMPIS annual appropriations exceed $20 million, at which point the minimum grant becomes
$30,000.20 Appropriations exceeded $20 million for the first time in FY2018 and have continued $30,000.20 Appropriations exceeded $20 million for the first time in FY2018 and have continued
to exceed this level in subsequent years. to exceed this level in subsequent years.
Uses of Grant Funds
CCAMPIS funds may be used either to provide direct child care services or to contract for the CCAMPIS funds may be used either to provide direct child care services or to contract for the
provision of child care services, which may be off-campus or home-based where there is not provision of child care services, which may be off-campus or home-based where there is not
capacity on-campus. Funds may be used to provide before- and after-school services.21 However, capacity on-campus. Funds may be used to provide before- and after-school services.21 However,
the IHE must have oversight authority over all facilities receiving grant funds, and these facilities the IHE must have oversight authority over all facilities receiving grant funds, and these facilities
must must ~~be accredited within three years.22 Program funds may not be provided directly to students~~
~~in the form of vouchers, and students~~have a plan to become accredited within three years of receiving funds.22 Students may have to pay full or partial fees as part of each IHE’s may have to pay full or partial fees as part of each IHE’s
sliding scale.23 sliding scale.23
Allowable costs for a campus-based child care program include personnel, fringe benefits, travel Allowable costs for a campus-based child care program include personnel, fringe benefits, travel
for the project director for professional development, supplies, instructional materials, equipment, for the project director for professional development, supplies, instructional materials, equipment,
contracts for the provision of child care, and up to 8% in indirect costs. Funds may not be used contracts for the provision of child care, and up to 8% in indirect costs. Funds may not be used
for the construction of facilities, except for minor renovation or repair.24 A campus-based child for the construction of facilities, except for minor renovation or repair.24 A campus-based child
care program may also provide services to students who are not CCAMPIS recipients and to care program may also provide services to students who are not CCAMPIS recipients and to
employees. employees.
Statutory provisions do not establish requirements or limitations on the age of the dependent child Statutory provisions do not establish requirements or limitations on the age of the dependent child
or the type of child care services that may be supported. Each CCAMPIS program varies and may or the type of child care services that may be supported. Each CCAMPIS program varies and may
provide after-school daycare for older children for a few hours while parents attend class, as provide after-school daycare for older children for a few hours while parents attend class, as
opposed to all-day child care services. Services provided may include evening, weekend, and opposed to all-day child care services. Services provided may include evening, weekend, and
summer services; 24-hour and emergency services; parenting classes; and seminars and meetings. summer services; 24-hour and emergency services; parenting classes; and seminars and meetings.
Though ED’s invitational priorities and HEA provisions place an emphasis on on-campus child Though ED’s invitational priorities and HEA provisions place an emphasis on on-campus child
care, statutory provisions permit CCAMPIS grantees to provide services off-campus. care, statutory provisions permit CCAMPIS grantees to provide services off-campus.
Accreditation and Licensure
Applications must include a plan for any child care facility that receives CCAMPIS funding to Applications must include a plan for any child care facility that receives CCAMPIS funding to
become accredited within three years.25 Accreditation provides an assurance of a level of quality become accredited within three years.25 Accreditation provides an assurance of a level of quality
of child care services. The accreditation requirement is unique to CCAMPIS compared to other of child care services. The accreditation requirement is unique to CCAMPIS compared to other
federal child care programs, which do not typically mandate federal child care programs, which do not typically mandate a plan for accreditation.26 accreditation.26

19 An amendment enacted through the FY2022 appropriations act exempted recipients of grants supported by FY2022 19 An amendment enacted through the FY2022 appropriations act exempted recipients of grants supported by FY2022
appropriations from this requirement. appropriations from this requirement.
20 HEA, §419N(b)(2). 20 HEA, §419N(b)(2).
21 HEA, §419N(b)(5). 21 HEA, §419N(b)(5).
22 HEA, §419N(c)(10). 22 HEA, §419N(c)(10).
23 See an example of a sliding fee scale at https://child.ucsd.edu/resources/ccampis.html. 23 See an example of a sliding fee scale at https://child.ucsd.edu/resources/ccampis.html.
24 HEA, §419N(f). 24 HEA, §419N(f).
25 HEA, §419N(c)(10). 25 HEA, §419N(c)(10).
26 For more information, see CRS Report R40212, 26 For more information, see CRS Report R40212, Early Childhood Care and Education Programs: Background and
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Child care facilities must also meet applicable state or local government licensing, certification, Child care facilities must also meet applicable state or local government licensing, certification,
approval, or registration requirements. Licensures ensure the program meets specified health and approval, or registration requirements. Licensures ensure the program meets specified health and
safety standards. safety standards.
Annual Reporting27
CCAMPIS recipients report data on the population served; information on campus and CCAMPIS recipients report data on the population served; information on campus and
community resources and funding used to help low-income students access child care services; community resources and funding used to help low-income students access child care services;
information on progress made toward accreditation of any child care facility; and information on information on progress made toward accreditation of any child care facility; and information on
the impact of the CCAMPIS grant on the quality, availability, and affordability of campus-based the impact of the CCAMPIS grant on the quality, availability, and affordability of campus-based
child care services. child care services.
All CCAMPIS grantees submit an annual performance report documenting the persistence and All CCAMPIS grantees submit an annual performance report documenting the persistence and
degree attainment of their participants. Grantees must provide the following information: degree attainment of their participants. Grantees must provide the following information:
• Institutional characteristics, including Institutional characteristics, including
• child care center accreditation and licensing status, child care center accreditation and licensing status,
• fee schedules used, fee schedules used,
• institutional and community resources and funding, and institutional and community resources and funding, and
• the number of children per student supported by the program. the number of children per student supported by the program.
• Individual student demographics and outcomes, including Individual student demographics and outcomes, including
• gender, gender,
• ethnicity, ethnicity,
• Pell Grant enrollment status, Pell Grant enrollment status,
• low-income status, low-income status,
• marital status, marital status,
• enrollment by the applicable educational schedule (semesters, quarters, enrollment by the applicable educational schedule (semesters, quarters,
terms), terms),
• number of years taken to transfer or graduate, number of years taken to transfer or graduate,
• degree or certificate earned, and degree or certificate earned, and
• students who transferred (from a two-year institution to a four-year students who transferred (from a two-year institution to a four-year
institution) and those who withdrew.28 institution) and those who withdrew.28
CCAMPIS Outcomes
According to a 2019 Government Accountability Office (GAO) report29 using data from AY2016-According to a 2019 Government Accountability Office (GAO) report29 using data from AY2016-
2017,30 CCAMPIS helped about 3,300 student-parents pay child care costs. More than 4,000 2017,30 CCAMPIS helped about 3,300 student-parents pay child care costs. More than 4,000

Funding.
children were on waiting lists to receive assistance. The median monthly payment by low-income student-parents was about $160, after receiving CCAMPIS subsidies of about $385 per month. 27 HEA, §419N(e). 27 HEA, §419N(e).
28 U.S. Department of Education, Child Care Access Means Parents in School Program, Frequently Asked Questions, 28 U.S. Department of Education, Child Care Access Means Parents in School Program, Frequently Asked Questions,
https://www2.ed.gov/programs/campisp/faq.html#q7. https://www2.ed.gov/programs/campisp/faq.html#q7.
29 U.S. Government Accountability Office, 29 U.S. Government Accountability Office, More Information Could Help Student Parents Access, 19-522, 2019, , 19-522, 2019,
https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-19-522.pdf. https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-19-522.pdf.
30 The data reflect a time period before substantial increases in appropriations, beginning in FY2018. See the 30 The data reflect a time period before substantial increases in appropriations, beginning in FY2018. See the
“Appropriations and Awards” section. section.
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~~children were on waiting lists to receive assistance. The median monthly payment by low-income~~
~~student-parents was about $160, after receiving CCAMPIS subsidies of about $385 per month.~~
The GAO report also highlighted that many eligible student-parents may not be aware of their The GAO report also highlighted that many eligible student-parents may not be aware of their
eligibility for aid programs.31 eligibility for aid programs.31
ED’s FY2023 budget justification32 presents the most recently available persistence rate (the ED’s FY2023 budget justification32 presents the most recently available persistence rate (the
percentage of CCAMPIS participants who remain in postsecondary education at the end of the percentage of CCAMPIS participants who remain in postsecondary education at the end of the
academic year). These data, from FY2018, indicate a CCAMPIS participant persistence rate of academic year). These data, from FY2018, indicate a CCAMPIS participant persistence rate of
78%. The postsecondary persistence rate for all full-time students in postsecondary institutions in 78%. The postsecondary persistence rate for all full-time students in postsecondary institutions in
FY2018 was 75.5%.33 FY2018 was 75.5%.33
Appropriations and Awards
Appropriations for CCAMPIS were authorized at such sums as may be necessary for FY2009 Appropriations for CCAMPIS were authorized at such sums as may be necessary for FY2009
through FY2014. The authorization was extended through FY2015 under the General Education through FY2014. The authorization was extended through FY2015 under the General Education
Provisions Act (GEPA). Since then, the program has continued to receive appropriations Provisions Act (GEPA). Since then, the program has continued to receive appropriations
annually.34 annually.34
After years of fairly level funding, FY2018 marked the beginning of annual increases in After years of fairly level funding, FY2018 marked the beginning of annual increases in
CCAMPIS appropriations, as shown inCCAMPIS appropriations, as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3. CCAMPIS Appropriations: FY2011-FY2023
(in millions of dollars) (in millions of dollars)

Source: ~~FY2011-FY2022: U.S. Department of Education, https://www2.ed.gov/programs/campisp/funding.html.~~
Notes: Years shown are fiscal years.

FY2012 Congressional Action, https://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/budget11/11action.pdf; FY2014 Congressional Action, https://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/budget14/14action.pdf; FY2016 Congressional Action, https://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/budget16/16action.pdf; FY2018 Congressional Action, https://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/budget18/18action.xlsx; FY2020 Congressional Action, https://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/budget20/20action.pdf; FY2022 31 See CRS Report RL30785, 31 See CRS Report RL30785, The Child Care and Development Block Grant: Background and Funding, for a , for a
comprehensive list of these programs. comprehensive list of these programs.
32 U.S. Department of Education, Higher Education Fiscal Year 2023 Budget Request, https://www2.ed.gov/about/ 32 U.S. Department of Education, Higher Education Fiscal Year 2023 Budget Request, https://www2.ed.gov/about/
overview/budget/budget23/justifications/r-highered.pdf, p. 121. overview/budget/budget23/justifications/r-highered.pdf, p. 121.
33 According to the National Center for Education Statistics Trend Generator, https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/ 33 According to the National Center for Education Statistics Trend Generator, https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/
TrendGenerator/app/answer/7/32#:~:text=TrendGenerator/app/answer/7/32#:~:text=
Graduation%20and%20Retention%20Rates%3A%20What,is%20based%20on%204%2C928%20institutions. Graduation%20and%20Retention%20Rates%3A%20What,is%20based%20on%204%2C928%20institutions.
34 For more information on GEPA’s Contingent Extension of Programs, see CRS Report R41119, 34 For more information on GEPA’s Contingent Extension of Programs, see CRS Report R41119, General Education
Provisions Act (GEPA): Overview and Issues.
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Congressional Action, https://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/budget22/22action.pdf. FY2023 Congressional Action, https://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/budget23/23action.pdf. Notes: Years shown are fiscal years. Table 1 shows the number and average size of CCAMPIS awards for FY2021 and FY2022. In shows the number and average size of CCAMPIS awards for FY2021 and FY2022. In
FY2021, ED received significantly fewer applications than expected and, as a result, used the FY2021, ED received significantly fewer applications than expected and, as a result, used the
funding to frontload prior-year grantees. In FY2022, there were 300 new awards funded at an funding to frontload prior-year grantees. In FY2022, there were 300 new awards funded at an
average of $150,000 annually for the duration of the four-year grant.35 average of $150,000 annually for the duration of the four-year grant.35
Table 1. Number and Average Size of CCAMPIS Awards: FY2021-FY2022
(in thousands of dollars) (in thousands of dollars)
Year
2021
2022
Number of New Awards Number of New Awards
99 99
300 300
Average New Award Average New Award
$156 $156
$150 $150
Number of Continuation Number of Continuation
229 229
0 0
Awards Awards
Average Continuation Average Continuation
$33 $33
$0 $0
Award Award
Number of Frontload Number of Frontload
215 215
99 99
Awards Awards
Average Frontload Award Average Frontload Award
$149 $149
$98 $98
Total Number of Awards Total Number of Awards
543 543
399 399
Source: CRS adaptation of data fromCRS adaptation of data from U.S. Department of Education, Higher Education Fiscal Year 2023 Budget U.S. Department of Education, Higher Education Fiscal Year 2023 Budget
Request, p. 120, https://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/budget23/justifications/r-highered.pdf. Request, p. 120, https://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/budget23/justifications/r-highered.pdf.
Recent Congressional Proposals
CCAMPIS-related proposals in the 117th Congress included the Child Care is Infrastructure Act CCAMPIS-related proposals in the 117th Congress included the Child Care is Infrastructure Act
(H.R. 1911) and the CCAMPIS Reauthorization Act (S. 2625). There (H.R. 1911) and the CCAMPIS Reauthorization Act (S. 2625). There ~~are~~were substantial differences substantial differences
between the two bills. between the two bills.
H.R. 191136
This bill would have established grants for child care facilities and higher education loan This bill would have established grants for child care facilities and higher education loan
repayment and scholarship programs for child care educators, among other provisions. Regarding repayment and scholarship programs for child care educators, among other provisions. Regarding
CCAMPIS, the bill would have increased the maximum amount of the grant award to IHEs to no CCAMPIS, the bill would have increased the maximum amount of the grant award to IHEs to no
more than 2% of the total amount of all Pell Grants awarded to enrolled students, replacing the more than 2% of the total amount of all Pell Grants awarded to enrolled students, replacing the
current maximum of 1%. H.R. 1911 would also have allowed ED to pay a bonus to institutions current maximum of 1%. H.R. 1911 would also have allowed ED to pay a bonus to institutions
that exceeded performance levels on newly established performance metrics, and it would have that exceeded performance levels on newly established performance metrics, and it would have
increased the duration of grants from four to five years. increased the duration of grants from four to five years.
~~In order to~~To establish performance levels, grant recipients would have reported additional data on establish performance levels, grant recipients would have reported additional data on
the number of students who received child care services at least once per week, including their the number of students who received child care services at least once per week, including their
~~graduation rates and the number of credits accumulated. Performance reports based on these~~

35 U.S. Department of Education, Higher Education Fiscal Year 2023 Budget Request, https://www2.ed.gov/about/35 U.S. Department of Education, Higher Education Fiscal Year 2023 Budget Request, https://www2.ed.gov/about/
overview/budget/budget23/justifications/r-highered.pdf. overview/budget/budget23/justifications/r-highered.pdf.
36 CCAMPIS reauthorization text identical to that in H.R. 1911 also appeared in H.R. 8862. 36 CCAMPIS reauthorization text identical to that in H.R. 1911 also appeared in H.R. 8862.
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graduation rates and the number of credits accumulated. Performance reports based on these levels would have been publicly available. This reporting requirement mirrors similar changes levels would have been publicly available. This reporting requirement mirrors similar changes
proposed in the 115th and 116th Congresses as part of proposed reauthorizations of the HEA.37 proposed in the 115th and 116th Congresses as part of proposed reauthorizations of the HEA.37
S. 2625
This bill would have permanently reauthorized CCAMPIS and allowed grant funds to be used for This bill would have permanently reauthorized CCAMPIS and allowed grant funds to be used for
additional purposes (such as direct child care subsidies to students as opposed to contracted and additional purposes (such as direct child care subsidies to students as opposed to contracted and
other support services). S. 2625 would have increased the minimum grant amount to $75,000 other support services). S. 2625 would have increased the minimum grant amount to $75,000
(from the current $30,000) and established a maximum amount of $2 million (there is no current (from the current $30,000) and established a maximum amount of $2 million (there is no current
~~maximum38).~~maximum).38 The funding duration would have increased from four to five years, similar to H.R. The funding duration would have increased from four to five years, similar to H.R.
1911. 1911.
Instead of using a dollar amount of Pell Grants received to determine institutional eligibility for Instead of using a dollar amount of Pell Grants received to determine institutional eligibility for
CCAMPIS, S. 2625 would have changed eligibility requirements to be determined by the number CCAMPIS, S. 2625 would have changed eligibility requirements to be determined by the number
of Pell Grant recipients, creating an eligibility minimum of 150 Pell Grant recipients regardless of of Pell Grant recipients, creating an eligibility minimum of 150 Pell Grant recipients regardless of
the total dollar amount received. the total dollar amount received.
The bill also aimed to increase the quality of campus-based child care servicing by implementing The bill also aimed to increase the quality of campus-based child care servicing by implementing
the same training and professional development requirements for CCAMPIS grantees that are the same training and professional development requirements for CCAMPIS grantees that are
mandated for other federal child care programs. For example, Child Care and Development Block mandated for other federal child care programs. For example, Child Care and Development Block
Grant (CCDBG) programs require training and professional development plans that are ongoing Grant (CCDBG) programs require training and professional development plans that are ongoing
and incorporate specific content such as social-emotional behavior intervention models grounded and incorporate specific content such as social-emotional behavior intervention models grounded
in current research and evidence-based practices.39 in current research and evidence-based practices.39

Author Information

Adam K. Edgerton Adam K. Edgerton

Analyst in Education Policy Analyst in Education Policy

37 See H.R. 4508 and H.R. 4674. 37 See H.R. 4508 and H.R. 4674.
38 The two largest awards in FY2022—more than $1.2 million each—were awarded to Florida State University and the 38 The two largest awards in FY2022—more than $1.2 million each—were awarded to Florida State University and the
University of Central Florida; see https://www2.ed.gov/programs/campisp/awards.html for a full list. University of Central Florida; see https://www2.ed.gov/programs/campisp/awards.html for a full list.
39 For more information on these requirements, see CRS Report RL30785, 39 For more information on these requirements, see CRS Report RL30785, The Child Care and Development Block
Grant: Background and Funding; and Section 658E(c)(2)(G) of the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act. ; and Section 658E(c)(2)(G) of the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act.
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