Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations for FY2023

Changes from December 9, 2022 to May 3, 2023

This page shows textual changes in the document between the two versions indicated in the dates above. Textual matter removed in the later version is indicated with ~~red strikethrough~~ and textual matter added in the later version is indicated with blue.

Transportation, Housing and Urban
~~December 9, 2022~~May 3, 2023
Development, and Related Agencies (THUD)
Maggie McCarty
Appropriations for FY2023
Specialist in Housing Policy Specialist in Housing Policy

The House and the Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and The House and the Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and
Related David Randall Peterman
~~Related~~ Agencies (THUD) Appropriations subcommittees are charged with providing Agencies (THUD) Appropriations subcommittees are charged with providing
annual Analyst in Transportation Analyst in Transportation
~~annual~~ appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of
Housing and Policy Policy
~~Housing and~~ Urban Development (HUD), and certain related agencies. Urban Development (HUD), and certain related agencies.

President Biden’s FY2023 budget proposed increasing discretionary funding for THUD President Biden’s FY2023 budget proposed increasing discretionary funding for THUD
agencies
~~agencies~~ by 9.6% (+$7.8 billion) from FY2022 levels. The bulk of that increase was by 9.6% (+$7.8 billion) from FY2022 levels. The bulk of that increase was
directed to HUD (+$7.9 billion, +14.6%), primarily for increased funding for HUD rental assistance programs directed to HUD (+$7.9 billion, +14.6%), primarily for increased funding for HUD rental assistance programs
(+$6 billion). DOT would (+$6 billion). DOT would receive a decrease of $105 million in discretionary funding, but ~~receive~~ an additional $1.an additional $1.56 billion (+ billion (+~~1.5%)~~2.1%) in mandatory funding. .
On June 30, 2022, the House Appropriations Committee approved its version of a THUD appropriations bill (H.R. On June 30, 2022, the House Appropriations Committee approved its version of a THUD appropriations bill (H.R.
8294; H.Rept. 117-402). The bill included a larger increase in overall 8294; H.Rept. 117-402). The bill included a larger increase in overall discretionary funding for THUD agencies than the funding for THUD agencies than the
President’s budget request, with larger increases than requested for both HUD (+16.7%, +$9.0 billion) and DOT President’s budget request, with larger increases than requested for both HUD (+16.7%, +$9.0 billion) and DOT
~~(+2.4%, +$2.4 billion)~~ (+3.1%, +$833 million) compared to FY2022. The text of several other appropriations bills were added to the compared to FY2022. The text of several other appropriations bills were added to the
THUD bill and the resulting consolidated appropriations bill was passed by the House on July 20. THUD bill and the resulting consolidated appropriations bill was passed by the House on July 20.
While the Senate never formally considered its own FY2023 THUD legislation, on July 28, 2022, the chair of the While the Senate never formally considered its own FY2023 THUD legislation, on July 28, 2022, the chair of the
Senate Appropriations Committee released a majority draft of the THUD bill and accompanying draft report Senate Appropriations Committee released a majority draft of the THUD bill and accompanying draft report
language. According to the chair, the purpose of this release was to advance negotiations toward enacting final language. According to the chair, the purpose of this release was to advance negotiations toward enacting final
full-year appropriations. That same day, the chair of the THUD Subcommitteefull-year appropriations. That same day, the chair of the THUD Subcommittee, introduced S. 4670, the introduced S. 4670, the
Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 2023, which Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 2023, which
appeared to be identical to the draft text released by the full committee chair. This bill recommended a smaller appeared to be identical to the draft text released by the full committee chair. This bill recommended a smaller
~~increase~~ increase in discretionary funding compared to FY2022 than was requested in the President’s budget for HUD (+11%, +$5.9 billion) and a compared to FY2022 than was requested in the President’s budget for HUD (+11%, +$5.9 billion) and a
larger increase than requested for DOT (+larger increase than requested for DOT (+~~3.6~~7.7%, +$%, +$~~3.7 billion).~~
~~Outside of the regular appropriations process, DOT will receive an additional $36.8 billion in funding for FY2023~~
~~as a result of the supplemental funding provided in Division J, Title VIII of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs~~
~~Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58). DOT received an additional amount in FY2022 and is scheduled to receive similar~~
~~additional amounts through FY2026.~~
~~Because final full-year FY2022 appropriations were not enacted before the start of the fiscal year on October 1,~~
~~2022, Congress enacted a continuing resolution (P.L. 117-180) to maintain government operations through~~
~~December 16, 2022.~~

~~Congressional Research Service~~

THUD: FY2023 Appropriations

he House and the Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related he House and the Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related
Agencies (THUD) Appropriations subcommittees are charged with providing annual Agencies (THUD) Appropriations subcommittees are charged with providing annual
T appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of Housing T appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of Housing
and Urban Development (HUD), and certain related agencies. and Urban Development (HUD), and certain related agencies.
This report describes action on FY2023 annual appropriations for THUD, including detailed This report describes action on FY2023 annual appropriations for THUD, including detailed
tables for each major agency and a brief overview of selected issues. tables for each major agency and a brief overview of selected issues.

~~Recent Development: Continuing Resolution~~
~~On September 30, 2022, the President signed into law the FY2023 Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine~~
~~Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 117-180). It continues funding for federal programs and activities through~~
~~the earlier of enactment of final FY2023 appropriations measures on December 16, 2022. It contains several~~
~~THUD-related anomalies:~~

~~Section 153 extends through the end of FY2023 HUD’s Market-to-Market program, which was slated to be~~
~~repealed at the end of FY2022;~~

~~Section 154 allows for an increased loan volume for the Section 184A Native Hawaiian housing loan~~
~~programs so that loans can be processed during the period of the continuing resolution;~~

~~Section 155 provides $2 bil ion in emergency disaster recovery funding via HUD’s Community Development~~
~~Block Grant Disaster Relief (CDBG-DR) program, to address unmet recovery needs in communities~~
~~experiencing major disasters in calendar years 2021 and 2022;~~

~~Section 156 authorizes HUD to transfer funding from the Project-Based Rental Assistance account to the~~
~~Rental Housing Assistance account to address a funding shortfall related to the Section 236 Interest~~
~~Reduction Payment program; and~~

~~Section 157 extends the availability of funds awarded by DOT under the National Infrastructure Investment~~
~~Grants program.~~
~~For more information, see CRS Report R47283,~~ ~~Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2023 (Division A of P.L.~~
~~117-180)~~.

FY2023 Budget Process
Appropriations for DOT, HUD, and the related agencies typically funded in the THUD bill Appropriations for DOT, HUD, and the related agencies typically funded in the THUD bill
happen in the context of the broader annual congressional appropriations process. That process happen in the context of the broader annual congressional appropriations process. That process
generally begins with the submission of the President’s budget request, followed by adoption of generally begins with the submission of the President’s budget request, followed by adoption of
congressional spending limits (generally, in a budget resolution) that set the overall level of congressional spending limits (generally, in a budget resolution) that set the overall level of
spending for that fiscal year’s appropriations bills. From there, the subcommittees of the House spending for that fiscal year’s appropriations bills. From there, the subcommittees of the House
and Senate Committees on Appropriations generally begin action on each of the 12 appropriations and Senate Committees on Appropriations generally begin action on each of the 12 appropriations
bills. While each bill reported out of the Appropriations Committee may receive floor bills. While each bill reported out of the Appropriations Committee may receive floor
consideration individually, in recent years it has been more common for bills to be considered in consideration individually, in recent years it has been more common for bills to be considered in
combination with one another in consolidated or omnibus appropriations acts. combination with one another in consolidated or omnibus appropriations acts.
The President’s budget request for the upcoming fiscal year is due to be submitted to Congress by The President’s budget request for the upcoming fiscal year is due to be submitted to Congress by
the first Monday in February. However, the FY2023 budget submission was delayed until March the first Monday in February. However, the FY2023 budget submission was delayed until March
28, 2022.1 28, 2022.1

~~1 The White House, “Statement by President Joe Biden on the FY2023 Budget,” press release, March 28, 2022,~~
~~https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/03/28/statement-by-president-joe-biden-on-the-~~
~~fy-2023-budget/.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~
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~~link to page 5~~ ~~THUD: FY2023 Appropriations~~

The framework for budget enforcement under the congressional budget process currently The framework for budget enforcement under the congressional budget process currently
involves procedural elements, primarily associated with the budget resolution.2 The budget involves procedural elements, primarily associated with the budget resolution.2 The budget
resolution limits both total discretionary spending available to the appropriations committees resolution limits both total discretionary spending available to the appropriations committees
(commonly referred to as “302(a) allocations”) and spending under the jurisdiction of each (commonly referred to as “302(a) allocations”) and spending under the jurisdiction of each
appropriations subcommittee (“302(b) suballocations”). appropriations subcommittee (“302(b) suballocations”).
As of the cover date of this report, a FY2023 budget resolution has not been agreed to by the As of the cover date of this report, a FY2023 budget resolution has not been agreed to by the
House and the Senate. In the absence of a budget resolution, the House provided for budget House and the Senate. In the absence of a budget resolution, the House provided for budget
enforcement prior to initial floor consideration of the FY2023 appropriations measures by enforcement prior to initial floor consideration of the FY2023 appropriations measures by
adopting a deeming resolution, H.Res. 1151, on June 8, 2022.3 This resolution provided for adopting a deeming resolution, H.Res. 1151, on June 8, 2022.3 This resolution provided for
302(a) allocations to the House Appropriations Committee at a specified level, provided limits on 302(a) allocations to the House Appropriations Committee at a specified level, provided limits on
advance appropriations,4 and allowed adjustments to those allocations for advance appropriations,4 and allowed adjustments to those allocations for “emergency emergency
requirementsrequirements” and other purposes. Pursuant to this resolution, the chair of the House Budget and other purposes. Pursuant to this resolution, the chair of the House Budget
Committee, Representative Yarmuth, published in the Committee, Representative Yarmuth, published in the Congressional Record the House the House
~~Appropriations Committee allocations on June 21, 2022.5 The House Appropriations Committee~~
~~reported initial 302(b) suballocations for all 12 subcommittees on June 24 (H.Rept. 117-398).6~~
~~The Senate has not taken similar action to establish Senate Appropriations Committee~~
~~allocations.7~~
Table 1 shows the suballocation to the THUD Subcommittee, compared to the applicable FY2022
~~enacted and President’s budget request figures.~~
~~Table 1. FY2023 THUD 302(b) Suballocations in Context~~
~~(dollars in billions)~~
~~FY2022~~
~~President’s FY2023~~
~~House~~
~~Senate~~
~~FY2023~~

~~Enacted~~
~~Request~~
~~FY2023 302(b)~~
~~FY2023 302(b)~~
~~Enacted~~
~~THUD~~
~~81.038~~
~~88.811~~
~~90.888~~

~~Totals~~
Source: FY2022 Enacted and President’s FY2023 Request figures taken from the Comparative Statement of
~~New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 117-402, pp. 503, 532.~~
Note: FY2022 Enacted and President’s FY2023 Request figures exclude emergency appropriations to provide
~~for comparability across figures.~~

1 The White House, “Statement by President Joe Biden on the FY2023 Budget,” press release, March 28, 2022, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/03/28/statement-by-president-joe-biden-on-the-fy-2023-budget/. 2 In the recent past, budget enforcement had both statutory and procedural elements. The statutory elements included 2 In the recent past, budget enforcement had both statutory and procedural elements. The statutory elements included
limits on discretionary spending established by the Budget Control Act of 2011, as amended (BCA; P.L. 112-25). limits on discretionary spending established by the Budget Control Act of 2011, as amended (BCA; P.L. 112-25).
However, those discretionary spending limits extended only through FY2021, meaning no statutory limits on However, those discretionary spending limits extended only through FY2021, meaning no statutory limits on
discretionary spending are in place for FY2023. discretionary spending are in place for FY2023.
3 For a discussion of budget enforcement through methods such as H.Res. 467, see CRS Report R44296, 3 For a discussion of budget enforcement through methods such as H.Res. 467, see CRS Report R44296, Deeming
Resolutions: Budget Enforcement in the Absence of a Budget Resolution. .
4 4 Advance appropriations become available for obligation one or more fiscal years after the budget year covered by the become available for obligation one or more fiscal years after the budget year covered by the
appropriations actappropriations act. The FY2023 THUD appropriations bill generally would contain advance appropriations for FY2024 The FY2023 THUD appropriations bill generally would contain advance appropriations for FY2024
for two HUD programs. For further information, see CRS Report R43482, for two HUD programs. For further information, see CRS Report R43482, Advance Appropriations, Forward Funding,
and Advance Funding: Concepts, Practice, and Budget Process Considerations. .
~~5 “Publication of Budgetary Material,” Congressional Record, daily edition, Vol. 168, No. 105 (June 21, 2022), p.~~
~~H5731-5732.~~
~~6 Suballocations are commonly adjusted through the appropriations cycle to account for changing priorities. As of the~~
~~cover date of this report, they were most recently amended on July 1, 2022, by H.Rept. 117-398.~~
~~7 For a discussion of budget enforcement through methods such as H.Res. 1151, see CRS Report R47175,~~ ~~Setting~~
~~Budgetary Levels: The House’s FY2023 Deeming Resolution~~.
~~Congressional Research Service~~
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~~link to page 7~~ ~~THUD: FY2023 Appropriations~~
Congressional Research Service 1 link to page 5 THUD: FY2023 Appropriations Appropriations Committee allocations on June 21, 2022.5 The House Appropriations Committee reported initial 302(b) suballocations for all 12 subcommittees on June 24 (H.Rept. 117-398).6 The Senate has not taken similar action to establish Senate Appropriations Committee allocations.7 Table 1 shows the suballocation to the THUD Subcommittees, compared to the applicable FY2022 enacted level, the President’s FY2023 budget request and FY2023 enacted figures. Table 1. FY2023 THUD 302(b) Suballocations in Context (dollars in billions) FY2022 President’s FY2023 House Senate FY2023 Enacted Request FY2023 302(b) FY2023 302(b) Enacted THUD 81.038 88.811 90.888 NA 87.332 Totals Source: FY2022 Enacted and President’s FY2023 Request figures taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 117-402, pp. 503, 532. Final FY2023 figures taken from P.L. 117-328 and the explanatory statement accompanying H.R. 2617, as amended, as published in the Congressional Record on December 20, 2022, adjusted to exclude emergency appropriations. Note: Emergency appropriations are excluded to provide for comparability across figures.
FY2023 THUD Appropriations Process
President’s Budget
As noted earlier, the President’s FY2023 budget was submitted to Congress on March 28, 2022. It As noted earlier, the President’s FY2023 budget was submitted to Congress on March 28, 2022. It
included the following: included the following:
• $104.5 billion for DOT (+1.5% over FY2022), including $26.8 billion in $104.5 billion for DOT (+1.5% over FY2022), including $26.8 billion in
discretionary funding and $77.6 billion in mandatory funding; discretionary funding and $77.6 billion in mandatory funding;
• $61.6 billion for HUD, a $7.9 billion (+14.6%) increase in net funding over $61.6 billion for HUD, a $7.9 billion (+14.6%) increase in net funding over
FY2022; and FY2022; and
• $416 million for the related agencies, a 4.6% increase over FY2022. $416 million for the related agencies, a 4.6% increase over FY2022.
House Action
On June 30, 2022, the House Appropriations Committee approved its FY2023 THUD On June 30, 2022, the House Appropriations Committee approved its FY2023 THUD
appropriations bill, H.R. 8294. This was preceded by THUD Subcommittee approval on June 23. appropriations bill, H.R. 8294. This was preceded by THUD Subcommittee approval on June 23.
Subsequently, the text of H.R. 8294 was amended to include the text of five other appropriations Subsequently, the text of H.R. 8294 was amended to include the text of five other appropriations
measures. The revised bill, retitled the FY2023 Consolidated Appropriations Act, was approved measures. The revised bill, retitled the FY2023 Consolidated Appropriations Act, was approved
by the House on July 20, 2022. by the House on July 20, 2022.
5 “Publication of Budgetary Material,” Congressional Record, daily edition, Vol. 168, No. 105 (June 21, 2022), pp. H5731-H5732. 6 Suballocations are commonly adjusted through the appropriations cycle to account for changing priorities. As of the cover date of this report, they were most recently amended on July 1, 2022, by H.Rept. 117-398. 7 For a discussion of budget enforcement through methods such as H.Res. 1151, see CRS Report R47175, Setting Budgetary Levels: The House’s FY2023 Deeming Resolution. Congressional Research Service 2 THUD: FY2023 Appropriations As passed by the House, the consolidated measure proposed ~~As passed by the House, the consolidated measure would provide~~ the following: the following:
• $105.4 billion for DOT (+$2.4 billion, +2.4% from FY2022), including $27.8 $105.4 billion for DOT (+$2.4 billion, +2.4% from FY2022), including $27.8
billion in discretionary funding and $77.6 billion in mandatory funding; billion in discretionary funding and $77.6 billion in mandatory funding;
• $62.7 billion for HUD (+$9.0 billion, +16.7% from FY2022); and $62.7 billion for HUD (+$9.0 billion, +16.7% from FY2022); and
• $436 million for the related agencies (+$38 million, +9.5% from FY2022). $436 million for the related agencies (+$38 million, +9.5% from FY2022).
Senate Action
On July 28, 2022, the chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee released a chairman’s On July 28, 2022, the chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee released a chairman’s
mark for each of the 12 appropriations bills, including draft committee reports. The same day, the mark for each of the 12 appropriations bills, including draft committee reports. The same day, the
chairman of the THUD Subcommittee introduced S. 4670, which contained the text of the chairman of the THUD Subcommittee introduced S. 4670, which contained the text of the
chairman’s mark for THUD. It chairman’s mark for THUD. It ~~would provide~~proposed the following: the following:
• $106.6 billion for DOT (+$3.7 billion, +3.6% from FY2022), including $29.0 $106.6 billion for DOT (+$3.7 billion, +3.6% from FY2022), including $29.0
billion in discretionary funding and $77.6 billion in mandatory funding; billion in discretionary funding and $77.6 billion in mandatory funding;
• $59.6 billion for HUD (+$5.9 billion, +11.0% from FY2022); $59.6 billion for HUD (+$5.9 billion, +11.0% from FY2022);
• $419 million for the related agencies, (+$21 million; +5.4% from FY2022); and $419 million for the related agencies, (+$21 million; +5.4% from FY2022); and
• $1.4 billion in emergency funding for disaster recovery via HUD’s Community $1.4 billion in emergency funding for disaster recovery via HUD’s Community
Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery (CDBG-DR) program. Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery (CDBG-DR) program.

Table 2 tracks FY2023 THUD funding at the bill title level.
~~Congressional Research Service~~
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~~link to page 7 link to page 7 link to page 7 link to page 7 link to page 7 link to page 7~~ ~~THUD: FY2023 Appropriations~~

~~Table 2. THUD Appropriations by Bill Title, FY2022-FY2023~~
~~(dollars in millions)~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Chairman’s~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Mark~~
~~FY2023~~

~~Enacted~~
~~Request~~
~~House~~
~~(S. 4670 )~~
~~Enacted~~
~~Title I: DOT~~
~~102,947~~
~~104,455~~
~~105,393~~
~~106,635~~

~~Discretionary~~
~~26,946~~
~~26,841~~
~~27,779~~
~~29,020~~

~~Mandatory~~
~~76,002~~
~~77,614~~
~~77,614~~
~~77,614~~

~~Title II: HUD~~
~~53,694~~
~~61,554~~
~~62,673~~
~~59,608a~~

~~Title III: Related Agencies~~
~~398~~
~~416~~
~~436~~
~~419~~

~~Total Discretionary~~
~~81,038~~
~~88,811~~
~~90,888~~
~~90,495~~

~~Total Mandatory~~
~~76,002~~
~~77,614~~
~~77,614~~
~~77,614~~

~~Total~~
~~157,085~~
~~166,425~~
~~168,502~~
~~168,109~~

~~Additional Appropriations~~
44,536b
36,811c
36,811c
38,258d
39,811e Continuing Resolutions Because full-year appropriations were not enacted before the start of the fiscal year, a series of continuing resolutions were enacted to continue government operations. On September 30, 2022, the President signed into law the FY2023 Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 117-180). It continued funding for federal programs and activities through the earlier of enactment of final FY2023 appropriations measures on December 16, 2022. It contained several THUD-related anomalies, including: • Section 153 extended through the end of FY2023 HUD’s Market-to-Market program, which was slated to be repealed at the end of FY2022; • Section 155 provided $2 billion in emergency disaster recovery funding via HUD’s Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery (CDBG-DR) program, to address unmet recovery needs in communities experiencing major disasters in calendar years 2021 and 2022; • Section 156 authorized HUD to transfer funding from the Project-Based Rental Assistance account to the Rental Housing Assistance account to address a funding shortfall related to the Section 236 Interest Reduction Payment program; and • Section 157 extended the availability of funds awarded by DOT under the National Infrastructure Investment Grants program. • The date of the CR was extended twice; through December 23rd by P.L. 117-229 and through December 30th by P.L. 117-264. Final Action • On December 29, 2022, the FY2023 Consolidated Appropriations Act was signed into law (P.L. 117-328). Divisions A-L contained all 12 regular appropriations Congressional Research Service 3 link to page 7 link to page 8 link to page 8 link to page 8 link to page 8 link to page 8 link to page 8 link to page 8 THUD: FY2023 Appropriations acts; THUD was funded in Division L. Other divisions of the bill contained supplemental appropriations and other matters.8 Division N, the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023, included funding designated as for emergency requirements for both DOT and HUD accounts. The law provided $87.3 billion in non-emergency discretionary funding in Division L for THUD agencies (+7.8% over FY2022), including: • $28.7 billion for DOT (+6.6% compared to FY2022), • $58.2 billion for HUD (+8.4% compared to FY2022), and • $420 million for related agencies (+5.4% compared to FY2022). In addition, Division N provided $1 billion in supplemental funding designated as emergency requirements for DOT and $6.6 billion designated as emergency requirements for HUD. Of the supplemental funding provided to HUD, $3 billion was for disaster relief and recovery via the Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery (CDBG-DR) program and $3.6 billion was funding to support regular program operations in the Housing Choice Voucher program and the project-based Section 8 rental assistance program. Table 2 tracks FY2023 THUD funding at the bill title level. Table 2. THUD Appropriations by Bill Title, FY2022-FY2023 (dollars in millions) FY2023 Chairman’s FY2022 FY2023 FY2023 Mark FY2023 Enacted Request House (S. 4670) Enacted Title I: DOT 102,947 104,455 105,393 106,635 106,349 Discretionary 26,946 26,841 27,779 29,020 28,735 Mandatory 76,002 77,614 77,614 77,614 77,614 Title II: HUD 53,694 61,554 62,673 59,608a 58,178b Title III: Related Agencies 398 416 436 419 420 Total Discretionary 81,038 88,811 90,888 89,048 87,332 Total Mandatory 76,002 77,614 77,614 77,614 77,614 Total 157,085 166,425 168,502 168,109 164,946 Additional Appropriations 44,536c 36,811d 36,811d 38,258e 46,451f
Source: FY2022 Enacted, FY2023 President’s Request and FY2023 House figures are taken from the FY2022 Enacted, FY2023 President’s Request and FY2023 House figures are taken from the
Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 117-402, adjusted for floor Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 117-402, adjusted for floor
amendments; FY2023 amendments; FY2023 Senate Chairman’s Mark figures are taken from S. 4670 and the draft committee report released Chairman’s Mark figures are taken from S. 4670 and the draft committee report released
by the Chairman at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/THUDFY23RPT.pdf.by the Chairman at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/THUDFY23RPT.pdf.
Final FY2023 figures taken from P.L. 117-328 and the explanatory statement accompanying H.R. 2617, as amended, as published in the Congressional Record on December 20, 2022. 8 For example, Title VI of Division AA contains statutory changes related to fire safety in federally-assisted housing. Congressional Research Service 4 THUD: FY2023 Appropriations Notes: Totals may not add or exactly match source materials due to rounding. Totals include both discretionary Totals may not add or exactly match source materials due to rounding. Totals include both discretionary
budget authority and contract authority (a type of mandatory budget authority provided to DOT that is not budget authority and contract authority (a type of mandatory budget authority provided to DOT that is not
included in the bil ’s discretionary budget authority figure). Amounts noted as “emergency” are excluded when included in the bil ’s discretionary budget authority figure). Amounts noted as “emergency” are excluded when
calculating total funds countable towards 302(b) allocation. calculating total funds countable towards 302(b) allocation.
a. Excludes $1.447 bil ion in emergency spending, shown a. Excludes $1.447 bil ion in emergency spending, shown ~~elsewhere in this table.~~
bunder “Additional Appropriations” later in this table. b. Excludes $2 bil ion in emergency disaster CDBG-DR funding provided by P.L. 117-180 and $6.623 bil ion in supplemental funding for HUD provided in Division N of P.L. 117-328 , shown under “Additional Appropriations” later in this table. c. Includes appropriations provided to DOT and HUD through the Disaster Relief Supplemental . Includes appropriations provided to DOT and HUD through the Disaster Relief Supplemental
Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division B, Title VII of P.L. 117-43) and Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117- Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division B, Title VII of P.L. 117-43) and Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-
58). 58).
cd. Reflects additional appropriations provided to DOT in Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58). . Reflects additional appropriations provided to DOT in Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58).
de. Includes $1.447 bil ion in emergency funding for HUD’s CDBG-DR program for disaster recovery grants . Includes $1.447 bil ion in emergency funding for HUD’s CDBG-DR program for disaster recovery grants
proposed by S. 4670 and $36.81 bil ion in additional appropriations provided to DOT in Division J, Title VIII proposed by S. 4670 and $36.81 bil ion in additional appropriations provided to DOT in Division J, Title VIII
of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58). of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58).
~~e. Includes~~f. Includes $7.6 bil ion in supplemental appropriations designated as an emergency requirement provided by Division N of P.L. 117-328; $2 bil ion in enacted funding from Section 155 of the FY2023 Continuing Appropriations and $2 bil ion in enacted funding from Section 155 of the FY2023 Continuing Appropriations and
Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 117-180) for CDBG-DR for unmet needs arising from Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 117-180) for CDBG-DR for unmet needs arising from
disasters declared in 2021 and 2022; $1 bil ion appropriated to HUD by Title III of the Inflation Reduction disasters declared in 2021 and 2022; $1 bil ion appropriated to HUD by Title III of the Inflation Reduction
Act (P.L. 117-169) for “Improving energy efficiency or water efficiency or climate resilience of affordable Act (P.L. 117-169) for “Improving energy efficiency or water efficiency or climate resilience of affordable
housing”;housing”; and $36.811 bil ion in additional appropriations provided to DOT in Division J, Title VIII of the and $36.811 bil ion in additional appropriations provided to DOT in Division J, Title VIII of the
IIJA (of P.L. 117-58). IIJA (of P.L. 117-58).
Department of Transportation
The majority of DOT’s annual funding is established by two periodic authorization acts, one for The majority of DOT’s annual funding is established by two periodic authorization acts, one for
surface transportation programs and one for aviation programs. Most of the funding for the surface transportation programs and one for aviation programs. Most of the funding for the
programs in those acts is drawn from the DOT Highway Trust Fund and the Aviation and Airways programs in those acts is drawn from the DOT Highway Trust Fund and the Aviation and Airways
Trust Fund, respectively. Highway Trust Fund revenues come largely from fuel taxes and Trust Fund, respectively. Highway Trust Fund revenues come largely from fuel taxes and
increasingly from transfers from the general fund of the Treasury. Aviation and Airways Trust increasingly from transfers from the general fund of the Treasury. Aviation and Airways Trust
Fund revenues come largely from taxes on passenger tickets and aviation fuel and some general Fund revenues come largely from taxes on passenger tickets and aviation fuel and some general
fund money. fund money.
~~Congressional Research Service~~
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Administration Budget Request
The Administration’s FY2023 budget requested a 1.5% (+$1.5 billion) increase for DOT over the The Administration’s FY2023 budget requested a 1.5% (+$1.5 billion) increase for DOT over the
amount it received through the regular FY2022 appropriations process. Within that request, the amount it received through the regular FY2022 appropriations process. Within that request, the
notable variations in funding requested compared to regular FY2022 appropriations include the notable variations in funding requested compared to regular FY2022 appropriations include the
following: following:
• National Infrastructure Investment program: a 94% (+$725 million) increase in National Infrastructure Investment program: a 94% (+$725 million) increase in
funding for the RAISE grant program; funding for the RAISE grant program;
• Federal Railroad Administration: an 86% (+$625 million) increase in funding for Federal Railroad Administration: an 86% (+$625 million) increase in funding for
state rail grant programs; state rail grant programs;
• Amtrak: a 29% (+$669 million) increase in funding for grants to Amtrak; Amtrak: a 29% (+$669 million) increase in funding for grants to Amtrak;
• Federal Transit Administration: a 27% (+$602 million) increase in funding for Federal Transit Administration: a 27% (+$602 million) increase in funding for
capital investment grants (including New Starts and Small Starts projects); and capital investment grants (including New Starts and Small Starts projects); and
• Federal Highway Administration: a 2% (-$1.2 billion) decrease in funding. Federal Highway Administration: a 2% (-$1.2 billion) decrease in funding.
~~House and Senate Committee~~Congressional Research Service 5 link to page 9 link to page 9 link to page 12 THUD: FY2023 Appropriations Congressional Action
The House Appropriations Committee recommended $105.4 billion for DOT for FY2023, a 2.4% The House Appropriations Committee recommended $105.4 billion for DOT for FY2023, a 2.4%
(+$2.4 billion) increase from the FY2022 enacted amount of $102.9 billion and 0.9% (+$938 (+$2.4 billion) increase from the FY2022 enacted amount of $102.9 billion and 0.9% (+$938
million) over the President’s request ($104.5 billion), and the House-passed bill reflected this million) over the President’s request ($104.5 billion), and the House-passed bill reflected this
recommendation. Every agency within the department, save the Maritime Administration, would recommendation. Every agency within the department, save the Maritime Administration, would
receive an increase compared to FY2022. The Senate Appropriations Committee chair’s draft receive an increase compared to FY2022. The Senate Appropriations Committee chair’s draft
proposed a 3.6% (+$3.7 billion) increase over FY2022, which would proposed a 3.6% (+$3.7 billion) increase over FY2022, which would behave been 2.1% more than the 2.1% more than the
President’s request. The enacted bill provided $106.3 billion for DOT, +3.3% ($3.4 billion) over FY2022 and +1.8% ($1.9 billion) over the President’s request. Details are provided iPresident’s request. Details are provided in Table 3.
Table 3. Department of Transportation, FY2022-FY2023 Detailed Appropriations
(dollars in millions) (dollars in millions)
FY2023
Chairman’s
DOT
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
Mark
FY2023
Selected Accounts
Enacted
Request
House
(S. 4670)
Enacted
Office of the Secretary (OST)
National infrastructure investment National infrastructure investment
775 775
1,500 1,500
775 775
1,090 1,090

800 (RAISE/BUILD/TIGER) (RAISE/BUILD/TIGER)
Cyber Security Initiatives Cyber Security Initiatives
39 39
48 48
48 48
48 48

48 Payments to air carriers (Essential Air Payments to air carriers (Essential Air
350 350
369 369
355 355
369 369

355 Servi Service)a
Thriving Communities Initiative Thriving Communities Initiative
25 25
111 111
100 100
25 25

25 Electric Vehicle Fleet Electric Vehicle Fleet
— —
16 16
11 11
16 16

— All other accounts All other accounts
258 258
295 295
293 293
301 301

295 Total, OST Total, OST
1,447 1,447
2,339 2,339
1,582 1,582
1,844 1,844

1,523 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
Operations Operations
11,414 11,414
11,934 11,934
11,870 11,870
11,901 11,901

11,915 Facilities & equipment Facilities & equipment
2,893 2,893
3,015 3,015
2,900 2,900
3,060 3,060

2,945 Research, engineering, and development Research, engineering, and development
249 249
261 261
261 261
266 266

~~Congressional Research Service~~
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~~THUD: FY2023 Appropriations~~

~~FY2023~~
~~Chairman’s~~
~~DOT~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Mark~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Selected Accounts~~
~~Enacted~~
~~Request~~
~~House~~
~~(S. 4670)~~
~~Enacted~~ 255
Grants-in-aid for airports (Airport Grants-in-aid for airports (Airport
3,350 3,350
3,350 3,350
3,350 3,350
3,350 3,350

3,350 Improvement Program) (limitation on Improvement Program) (limitation on
obligations) obligations)
Airport Discretionary Grants Airport Discretionary Grants
554 554
— —
273 273
517 517

559 Total, FAA Total, FAA
18,460 18,460
18,559 18,559
18,653 18,653
19,094 19,094

19,024 Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
Federal-Aid Highways (limitation on Federal-Aid Highways (limitation on
58,212 58,212
59,504 59,504
59504 59504
59,504 59,504

59,504 obligations + exempt contract authority) obligations + exempt contract authority)
Federal-Aid Highways: discretionary funding Federal-Aid Highways: discretionary funding
2,445 2,445
— —
1,755 1,755
3,160 3,160

3,418 Total, FHWA Total, FHWA
60,657 60,657
59,504 59,504
61,259 61,259
62,664 62,664

62,921 Congressional Research Service 6 THUD: FY2023 Appropriations FY2023 Chairman’s DOT FY2022 FY2023 FY2023 Mark FY2023 Selected Accounts Enacted Request House (S. 4670) Enacted Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA)
Motor carrier safety operations and Motor carrier safety operations and ~~programs~~
~~360~~ 360 368
368 368
368 368
368 368

programs Motor carrier safety grants to states Motor carrier safety grants to states
496 496
506 506
506 506
506 506

506 Total, FMCSA Total, FMCSA
856 856
874 874
874 874
874 874

874 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
Operations and research Operations and research
393 393
470 470
427 427
407 407

407 Highway traffic safety grants to states Highway traffic safety grants to states
774 774
795 795
795 795
795 795

795 (limitation on obligations) (limitation on obligations)
Total, NHTSA Total, NHTSA
1,167 1,167
1,265 1,265
1,222 1,222
1,202 1,202

1,202 Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
Safety and Operations Safety and Operations
241 241
254 254
250 250
254 254

250 Railroad Research and Development Railroad Research and Development
43 43
58 58
47 47
44 44

44 Federal-state Partnership for State of Federal-state Partnership for State of
100 100
555 555
555 555
200 200

100 Good Repair Good Repair
Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and
625 625
500 500
630 630
535 535

560 Safety Improvements Safety Improvements
Railroad Crossing Elimination Program Railroad Crossing Elimination Program
— —
245 245
— —
— —

— Restoration and Enhancement grants Restoration and Enhancement grants
— —
50 50
— —
— —

— Amtrak Amtrak

Northeast Corridor grants Northeast Corridor grants
875 875
1,200 1,200
882 882
1,135 1,135

1,260 National Network National Network
1,457 1,457
1,800 1,800
1,463 1,463
1,466 1,466

1,193 Subtotal, Amtrak grants Subtotal, Amtrak grants
2,331 2,331
3,000 3,000
2,345 2,345
2,601 2,601

2,453 Rescission
-15
— —
-2
— —

-3 Total, FRA Total, FRA
3,325 3,325
4,662 4,662
3,826 3,826
3,634 3,634

3,404 Federal Transit Administration (FTA)
Formula Grants (mandatory) Formula Grants (mandatory)
13,355 13,355
13,634 13,634
13,634 13,634
13,634 13,634

13,634 Transit Infrastructure Grants Transit Infrastructure Grants
504 504
200 200
646 646
527 527

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~~FY2023~~
~~Chairman’s~~
~~DOT~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Mark~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Selected Accounts~~
~~Enacted~~
~~Request~~
~~House~~
~~(S. 4670)~~
~~Enacted~~ 542
Transit Research Transit Research
— —
30 30
— —
— —

— Technical Assistance and Training Technical Assistance and Training
8 8
8 8
8 8
8 8

8 Capital Investment Grants (New Starts) Capital Investment Grants (New Starts)
2,248 2,248
2,850 2,850
3,012 3,012
2,511 2,511

2,635 Grants to Washington Metropolitan Area Grants to Washington Metropolitan Area
150 150
150 150
150 150
150 150

150 Transit Authority Transit Authority
Rescission
-7
—
— —
-7

— Total, FTA Total, FTA
16,258 16,258
16,872 16,872
17,450 17,450
16,830 16,830

16,968 Congressional Research Service 7 link to page 12 THUD: FY2023 Appropriations FY2023 Chairman’s DOT FY2022 FY2023 FY2023 Mark FY2023 Selected Accounts Enacted Request House (S. 4670) Enacted Saint Lawrence Seaway Development
38 38
39 39
42 42
38 38

39 Corporation
Maritime Administration (MARAD)
Maritime Security Program Maritime Security Program
318 318
318 318
318 318
318 318

318 Cable Security Fleet Cable Security Fleet
10 10
— —
10 10
10 10

10 Tanker Security Program Tanker Security Program
60 60
60 60
60 60
60 60

60 Operations and Training Operations and Training
172 172
192 192
192 192
245 245

213 State Maritime Academy Operations State Maritime Academy Operations
233 233
78 78
78 78
121 121

121 Assistance to Small Shipyards Assistance to Small Shipyards
20 20
20 20
20 20
25 25

20 Ship Disposal Ship Disposal
10 10
6 6
6 6
10 10

6 Maritime Guaranteed Loan Program Maritime Guaranteed Loan Program
3 3
3 3
3 3
3 3

3 Port Infrastructure Development Program Port Infrastructure Development Program
234 234
230 230
300 300
234 234

212 Rescission — -67 — — -67 Total, MARAD Total, MARAD
1,251 1,251
840 840
987 987
959 959

896 Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA)
Subtotal Subtotal
279 279
292 292
289 289
294 294

291 Emergency preparedness grants Emergency preparedness grants ~~(mandatory)~~
28 28
47 47
28 28
28 28

28 (mandatory) Offsetting user fees
-155
-159
-159
-165
-161
Total, PHMSA Total, PHMSA
307 307
339 339
317 317
322 322

319 Office of Inspector General
103 103
108 108
108 108
108 108

108 DOT Totals
Appropriation (discretionary funding) Appropriation (discretionary funding)
27,163 27,163
26,908 26,908
27,821 27,821
29,087 29,087

28,972 Limitations on obligations (mandatory) Limitations on obligations (mandatory)
76,002 76,002
77,614 77,614
77,614 77,614
77,614 77,614

77,614 Subtotal—new funding
102,969
104,522
105,762
106,701
106,586
Rescissions
-218
-67
-42
-67
-237
Net new discretionary funding
26,946
26,841
27,779
29,020
28,735
Net new budget authority
102,947
104,455
105,393
106,635
106,349
Additional appropriations (emergency Additional appropriations (emergency)b
44,536 44,536
36,811 36,811
36,811 36,811
36,811 36,811

36,811 Net new budget authority
147,483
141,266
142,204
143,446

143,160 (incl. additional appropriations from
P.L. 117-43 and P.L. 117-58)
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Sources: FY2022 Enacted, FY2023 President’s Request, and FY2023 House figures are taken from the FY2022 Enacted, FY2023 President’s Request, and FY2023 House figures are taken from the
Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 117-402, pp. 501-532, adjusted Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 117-402, pp. 501-532, adjusted
for floor amendments; FY2023 Chairman’s Mark figures are taken from S. 4670 and the draft committee report for floor amendments; FY2023 Chairman’s Mark figures are taken from S. 4670 and the draft committee report
released by the chairman at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/THUDFY23RPT.pdf. released by the chairman at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/THUDFY23RPT.pdf.
Notes: Totals may not add due to rounding.
Final FY2023 figures taken from P.L. 117-328 and the explanatory statement accompanying H.R. 2617, as amended, as published in the Congressional Record on December 20, 2022. Notes: Totals may not add due to rounding and budgetary treatment of some figures. Congressional Research Service 8 link to page 12 THUD: FY2023 Appropriations a. In addition to its appropriation, the Essential Air Service program receives funding from overflight fees; this a. In addition to its appropriation, the Essential Air Service program receives funding from overflight fees; this
additional funding is not reflected in this table. For FY2022, those fees were expected to provide an additional funding is not reflected in this table. For FY2022, those fees were expected to provide an
additional $116 mil ion to the program. Due to the pandemic’s effects on aviation, the Administration’s additional $116 mil ion to the program. Due to the pandemic’s effects on aviation, the Administration’s
FY2023 estimate for overflight fees is down to $81 mil ion; the House estimated a higher amount ($122 FY2023 estimate for overflight fees is down to $81 mil ion; the House estimated a higher amount ($122
mil ion), which combined with the recommended appropriation would provide a total of $477 mil ion for mil ion), which combined with the recommended appropriation would provide a total of $477 mil ion for
the program. The Senate draft bil recommended the Administration’s requested appropriation and the program. The Senate draft bil recommended the Administration’s requested appropriation and
estimated fee amount, which combined would provide a total of $450 mil ion. estimated fee amount, which combined would provide a total of $450 mil ion.
b. In FY2022, DOT received supplemental appropriations from the Disaster Relief Supplemental b. In FY2022, DOT received supplemental appropriations from the Disaster Relief Supplemental
Appropriations Act, FY2022 (Division B, P.L. 117-43) and in Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58). Appropriations Act, FY2022 (Division B, P.L. 117-43) and in Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58).
Title VIII appropriated a total of $184.1 bil ion for DOT in FY2022, but divided that total into five equal Title VIII appropriated a total of $184.1 bil ion for DOT in FY2022, but divided that total into five equal
portions, to be made available to DOT annually over the period of FY2022-FY2026; $36.811 bil ion is the portions, to be made available to DOT annually over the period of FY2022-FY2026; $36.811 bil ion is the
amount available in FY2023. amount available in FY2023.
~~Selected DOT Issues~~
Additional Funding for FY2023 Provided in the IIJA
DOT received $184.1 billion in additional appropriations for many DOT programs in Division J, DOT received $184.1 billion in additional appropriations for many DOT programs in Division J,
Title VIII of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58; commonly referred to Title VIII of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58; commonly referred to
as the as the bipartisan infrastructure law or BIL). These funds were appropriated in FY2022, but were or BIL). These funds were appropriated in FY2022, but were
divided into equal portions ($36.8 billion) that become available each year of the authorization divided into equal portions ($36.8 billion) that become available each year of the authorization
period (FY2022-FY2026) for DOT programs authorized in Divisions A-C of the IIJA. That $36.8 period (FY2022-FY2026) for DOT programs authorized in Divisions A-C of the IIJA. That $36.8
billion in annual supplemental funding equals slightly over one-third of the FY2023 funding billion in annual supplemental funding equals slightly over one-third of the FY2023 funding
recommended for DOT in the THUD FY2023 appropriations bills. For some agencies within recommended for DOT in the THUD FY2023 appropriations bills. For some agencies within
DOT, this additional funding represents a relatively small addition to the FY2022 regular DOT, this additional funding represents a relatively small addition to the FY2022 regular
appropriated amount (e.g., 16% (+$9.5 billion) for FHWA, 26% (+$4.3 billion) for FTA); for appropriated amount (e.g., 16% (+$9.5 billion) for FHWA, 26% (+$4.3 billion) for FTA); for
other agencies, the additional funding is greater than the regular FY2022 appropriated amounts other agencies, the additional funding is greater than the regular FY2022 appropriated amounts
(e.g., $5 billion on top of $3.9 billion for FAA infrastructure accounts, $13.2 billion on top of (e.g., $5 billion on top of $3.9 billion for FAA infrastructure accounts, $13.2 billion on top of
$725 million for FRA state rail grants).$725 million for FRA state rail grants). Table 4 shows the distribution of the supplemental shows the distribution of the supplemental
funding available to DOT during FY2023. funding available to DOT during FY2023.
Table 4. FY2023 Department of Transportation Funding Provided in the IIJA,
Outside the FY2023 THUD Appropriations Act
(dollars in millions) (dollars in millions)
DOT Accounts
FY2023
Office of the Secretary (OST)

National Infrastructure Investments National Infrastructure Investments
$2,500.0 $2,500.0
Safe Streets and Roads for All grants Safe Streets and Roads for All grants
1,000.0 1,000.0
National Culvert Removal, Replacement, and Restoration grants National Culvert Removal, Replacement, and Restoration grants
200.0 200.0
Strengthening Mobility and Revolutionizing Transportation Grant Program Strengthening Mobility and Revolutionizing Transportation Grant Program
100.0 100.0
Total OST Total OST
3,800.0 3,800.0
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

Facilities and Equipment Facilities and Equipment
1,000.0 1,000.0
Airport Infrastructure Grants Airport Infrastructure Grants
3,000.0 3,000.0
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~~THUD: FY2023 Appropriations~~

~~DOT Accounts~~
~~FY2023~~
Airport Terminal Program Airport Terminal Program
1,000.0 1,000.0
Total FAA Total FAA
5,000.0 5,000.0
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)

Highway Infrastructure Program Highway Infrastructure Program
9,454.4 9,454.4
Congressional Research Service 9 THUD: FY2023 Appropriations DOT Accounts FY2023 Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA)
Motor Carrier Safety Operations and Program Motor Carrier Safety Operations and Program
10.0 10.0
Motor Carrier Safety Grants Motor Carrier Safety Grants
124.5 124.5
Total FMCSA Total FMCSA
134.5 134.5
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
Crash Data Crash Data
150.0 150.0
Vehicle Safety and Behavioral Research Programs Vehicle Safety and Behavioral Research Programs
109.7 109.7
Supplemental Highway Traffic Safety Programs Supplemental Highway Traffic Safety Programs
62.0 62.0
Total, NHTSA Total, NHTSA
321.7 321.7
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)

Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvements Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvements
1,000.0 1,000.0
Northeast Corridor Grants to Amtrak Northeast Corridor Grants to Amtrak
1,200.0 1,200.0
National Network Grants to Amtrak National Network Grants to Amtrak
3,200.0 3,200.0
Railroad Crossing Elimination Program Railroad Crossing Elimination Program
600.0 600.0
Federal-State Partnership for Intercity Passenger Rail Grants Federal-State Partnership for Intercity Passenger Rail Grants
7,200.0 7,200.0
Total FRA Total FRA
13,200.0 13,200.0
Federal Transit Administration (FTA)

Transit Infrastructure Grants Transit Infrastructure Grants
2,050.0 2,050.0
Capital Investment Grants Capital Investment Grants
1,600.0 1,600.0
All Stations Accessibility Program All Stations Accessibility Program
350.0 350.0
Electric or Low-Emitting Ferry Program Electric or Low-Emitting Ferry Program
50.0 50.0
Ferry Service for Rural Communities Ferry Service for Rural Communities
200.0 200.0
Total FTA Total FTA
4,250.0 4,250.0
Maritime Administration (MARAD)

Port Infrastructure Development Program Port Infrastructure Development Program
450.0 450.0
Total MARAD Total MARAD
450.0 450.0
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA)
Natural Gas Distribution Infrastructure Safety and Modernization Grant Program Natural Gas Distribution Infrastructure Safety and Modernization Grant Program
200.0 200.0
Total Other Appropriations
$36,810.6
Source: H.Rept. 117-402 accompanying H.R. 8294, “Other Appropriations,” pp. 521-532. H.Rept. 117-402 accompanying H.R. 8294, “Other Appropriations,” pp. 521-532.
Note: These funds were provided in Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58). These funds were provided in Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58).
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Overview
HUD is the nation’s housing agency. The programs and activities it administers are designed HUD is the nation’s housing agency. The programs and activities it administers are designed
primarily to address housing problems faced by households with very low incomes or other primarily to address housing problems faced by households with very low incomes or other
Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service
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THUD: FY2023 Appropriations

special housing needs and to expand access to homeownership. special housing needs and to expand access to homeownership.89 The largest share of HUD’s The largest share of HUD’s
budget is devoted to its rental assistance programs: Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers; project-budget is devoted to its rental assistance programs: Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers; project-
based rental assistance via Section 8, Section 202 and Section 811; and public housing. These based rental assistance via Section 8, Section 202 and Section 811; and public housing. These
programs, which serve nearly 4.6 million households, provide subsidies to allow low-income programs, which serve nearly 4.6 million households, provide subsidies to allow low-income
recipients to pay below-market, income-based rent. recipients to pay below-market, income-based rent.
Two flexible block grant programs—the HOME Investment Partnerships grant program and the Two flexible block grant programs—the HOME Investment Partnerships grant program and the
Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program—help states and local governments Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program—help states and local governments
finance a variety of housing and community development activities designed to serve low-income finance a variety of housing and community development activities designed to serve low-income
families. Indian tribes receive their own direct housing grants through the Indian Housing Block families. Indian tribes receive their own direct housing grants through the Indian Housing Block
Grant program (also called the Native American Housing Block Grant program). Grant program (also called the Native American Housing Block Grant program).
Other more specialized grant programs help communities meet the needs of homeless persons Other more specialized grant programs help communities meet the needs of homeless persons
(through the Homeless Assistance Grants, namely the Continuum of Care and Emergency (through the Homeless Assistance Grants, namely the Continuum of Care and Emergency
Solutions Grants programs), including those living with HIV/AIDS (through the Housing Solutions Grants programs), including those living with HIV/AIDS (through the Housing
Opportunities for Persons with AIDS program). Additional programs fund fair housing Opportunities for Persons with AIDS program). Additional programs fund fair housing
enforcement activities and healthy homes activities, including lead-based paint hazard enforcement activities and healthy homes activities, including lead-based paint hazard
identification and remediation. identification and remediation.
HUD’s Federal Housing Administration (FHA) insures mortgages made by lenders to HUD’s Federal Housing Administration (FHA) insures mortgages made by lenders to
homebuyers with low down payments and to developers of multifamily rental buildings homebuyers with low down payments and to developers of multifamily rental buildings
containing relatively affordable units. FHA collects fees from borrowers with FHA-insured containing relatively affordable units. FHA collects fees from borrowers with FHA-insured
mortgages, which are used to sustain its insurance funds. mortgages, which are used to sustain its insurance funds.
Agency Funding
Nearly all of HUD’s funding is provided via discretionary appropriations generally contained in Nearly all of HUD’s funding is provided via discretionary appropriations generally contained in
the annual Transportation, HUD, and Related Agencies appropriations legislation. (HUD the annual Transportation, HUD, and Related Agencies appropriations legislation. (HUD
programs may also receive additional resources from supplemental or other funding measures in programs may also receive additional resources from supplemental or other funding measures in
some years, most often in response to disasters.) The annual THUD bill provides budget authority some years, most often in response to disasters.) The annual THUD bill provides budget authority
via appropriations for HUD programs and activities for a fiscal year. The “cost” of that budget via appropriations for HUD programs and activities for a fiscal year. The “cost” of that budget
authority, as determined by the Congressional Budget Office’s scorekeeping process, is generally authority, as determined by the Congressional Budget Office’s scorekeeping process, is generally
reduced by offsetting receipts from the FHA’s loan programs and the Government National reduced by offsetting receipts from the FHA’s loan programs and the Government National
Mortgage Association (GNMA) securitization of government loans. To a lesser extent, other Mortgage Association (GNMA) securitization of government loans. To a lesser extent, other
collections and rescissions of prior-year appropriations can also effectively offset the cost of the collections and rescissions of prior-year appropriations can also effectively offset the cost of the
HUD budget. HUD budget. ~~The~~Deducting the savings from offsets and rescissions from the gross budget authority provided to HUD gross budget authority provided to HUD~~, minus savings from offsets and~~
~~rescissions, is~~ results in the net budget authority total used for budget enforcement purposes. the net budget authority total used for budget enforcement purposes.

8 FY2023 HUD Appropriations Table 5. Department of Housing and Urban Development, FY2022-FY2023 Detailed Appropriations (dollars in millions) FY2023 Chairman’s FY2022 FY2023 FY2023 Mark FY2023 HUD Accounts Enacted Request House (S. 4670) Enacted Appropriations 9 For more information about federal housing assistance programs, see CRS Report RL34591, For more information about federal housing assistance programs, see CRS Report RL34591, Overview of Federal
Housing Assistance Programs and Policy. .
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link to page link to page 1617 link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 17 THUD: FY2023 Appropriations ~~link to page 16~~ ~~THUD: FY2023 Appropriations~~

~~FY2023 HUD Appropriations~~
~~Table 5. Department of Housing and Urban Development,~~
~~FY2022-FY2023 Detailed Appropriations~~
~~(dollars in millions)~~
FY2023
Chairman’s
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
Mark
FY2023
HUD Accounts
Enacted
Request
House
(S. 4670)
Enacted
~~Appropriations~~

Salaries and Expenses (Mgmt. & Adm.) Salaries and Expenses (Mgmt. & Adm.)
1,588 1,588
1,796 1,796
1,800 1,800
1,767 1,767

1,732 Tenant-Based Rental Assistance (Sec. 8 Tenant-Based Rental Assistance (Sec. 8

27,370 27,370
32,130 32,130
31,043 31,043
30,182 30,182 27,600b
Housing Choice Voucher Housing Choice Vouchers)a
Voucher Renewals (non-add)
24,095
26,234
26,184
26,184

23,748 b Administrative Fees (non-add)
2,410
3,014
2,756
2,802
2,778
Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing

~~(VASH) incremental vouchers (non-add)~~
50
0
50
~~85b~~(VASH) 50 0 50 85c 50 incremental vouchers (non-add)
Family Unification Program (FUP)
incremental 30 0 30 30 30 vouchers
~~incremental vouchers~~
30
0
30
30
Other Incremental Vouchers (non-add)
200 1,550 1,100
50

50 Mobility services (non-add)
25
445
25
0
0
Public Housing Fund Public Housing Fund
8,452 8,452
8,780 8,780
8,734 8,734
8,469 8,469

8,514 Operating Grants (non-add)
5,038
5,035
5,039
5,039

5,109 Capital Grants (non-add)
3,200
3,200
3,400
3,225

3,200 Climate Resiliency/Utility Consumption
0 276 75 0 0 Reduction Grants (non-add)
~~Reduction Grants (non-add)~~
0
~~276~~
75
0
Choice Neighborhoods Choice Neighborhoods
350 350
250 250
450 450
250 250

350 Self Sufficiency Programs Self Sufficiency Programs
159 159
175 175
175 175
200 200

175 Native American Programs Native American Programs
1,002 1,002
1,000 1,000
1,000 1,000
1,052 1,052

1,020 Native American Block Grants (Formula)

~~(non-add)~~772 772
772
~~772~~
~~772~~
~~819~~ 819 787 (non-add)
Native American Block Grants
(Competitive) 150 150 150 150 150 (non-add)
~~(Competitive) (non-add)~~
~~150~~
~~150~~
~~150~~
~~150~~
Indian Community Development Block
Grants 72 70 70 75 75 (non-add)
~~Grants (non-add)~~
72
70
70
75
Indian housing loan guarantee Indian housing loan guarantee
4 4
6 6
6 6
6 6

6 Native Hawaiian block grant Native Hawaiian block grant
22 22
10 10
10 10
22 22

22 Housing, persons with AIDS (HOPWA) Housing, persons with AIDS (HOPWA)
450 450
455 455
600 600
468 468

499 Community Development Fund Community Development Fund
4,841 4,841
3,770 3,770
5,299 5,299
4,818 4,818

6,397 CDBG Formula Grants
3,300
3,550
3,300
3,525

3,300 SUPPORT for Patients and Communities
25
25
25
25

~~Congressional Research Service~~
11

link to page 16 link to page 16 link to page 16 link to page 16 link to page 16 link to page 16 link to page 16 link to page 16 link to page 16 link to page 16 link to page 16 link to page 16 ~~THUD: FY2023 Appropriations~~

~~FY2023~~
~~Chairman’s~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Mark~~
~~FY2023~~
~~HUD Accounts~~
~~Enacted~~
~~Request~~
~~House~~
~~(S. 4670)~~
~~Enacted~~30 Grants to Reduce Barriers to Affordable — — — — 85 Housing
Economic Development Initiativescd
1,516
—
1,974
1,068
2,982
Competitive Economic Development Competitive Economic Development
—
—
~~60d~~60e
—
—
Grants Grants
HOME Investment Partnerships HOME Investment Partnerships
1,500 1,500
1,950 1,950
1,675 1,675
1,725 1,725

1,500 Preservation and Reinvestment Initiative Preservation and Reinvestment Initiative

— — 500 0 225 for Community Enhancementf Congressional Research Service 12 link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 17 THUD: FY2023 Appropriations FY2023 Chairman’s FY2022 FY2023 FY2023 Mark FY2023 HUD Accounts Enacted Request House (S. 4670) Enacted —
—
~~for Community Enhancement~~

~~500~~
0
e
Self-Help Homeownership Self-Help Homeownership
63 63
60 60
65f65g
70 70

63 Self-Help and Assisted Homeownership

13
10
13
17
14 Opportunity Program
Section 4 Capacity Building
41
41
47fg
43
42
Rural Capacity Building
5
5
5
6
6
Veterans Home Rehabilitation and

4
4
0
4
1 Modification Pilot Program
Homeless Assistance Grants Homeless Assistance Grants
3,213 3,213
3,576 3,576
3,604 3,604
3,54 3,545g

5h 3,633h Project-Based Rental Assistance (Sec. 8 Project-Based Rental Assistance (Sec. 8)a
13,940 13,940
15,000 15,000
14,940 14,940
14,687 14,687

13,938i Contract Renewals
13,585
14,065
14,565
14,312

13,595 i Contract Administrators
355
375
375
375

343 Service coordinators for the elderly
0
31
0
0
0
Housing for the Elderly (Section 202) Housing for the Elderly (Section 202)
1,033 1,033
966 966
1,200 1,200
1,033 1,033

1,075 Housing for Persons with Disabilities Housing for Persons with Disabilities

~~(Section 811)~~
352 352
288 288
400 400
288 288
360 (Section 811) Housing Counseling Assistance Housing Counseling Assistance
58 58
66 66
70 70
63 63

58 Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fun Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fundhdj
14 14
14 14
14 14
14 14

14 Green Retrofit for Multifamily Green Retrofit for Multifamily
0 0
250 250
0 0
0 0

0 Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Federal Housing Administration (FHA)

150 150
165 165
150 150
150 150
150 Expen Expen~~sesh~~sesj
Government National Mortgage Assn. Government National Mortgage Assn.

35 35
42 42
35 35
43 43 41
(GNMA) Expen (GNMA) Expen~~sesh~~sesj
Research and technology Research and technology
145 145
145 145
~~180i~~180k
115 115

145 Fair housing activities Fair housing activities
85 85
86 86
86 86
85 85

86 Fair Housing Assistance Program (non-
add)
25
26
26
26
~~add)~~ 26
Fair Housing Initiatives Program (non-
add)
56
56
56
55
~~add)~~ 56
Lead Hazard Reduction Lead Hazard Reduction
415 415
400 400
415 415
390 390

410 Information Technology Fund Information Technology Fund
323 323
382 382
380f380g
384 384

375 Inspector General 140 149 140 140 146 Gross Appropriations Subtotall ~~Inspector General~~
~~140~~
~~149~~
~~140~~
~~140~~

~~Congressional Research Service~~
12

~~link to page 16 link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 19 link to page 19~~ ~~THUD: FY2023 Appropriations~~

~~FY2023~~
~~Chairman’s~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Mark~~
~~FY2023~~
~~HUD Accounts~~
~~Enacted~~
~~Request~~
~~House~~
~~(S. 4670)~~
~~Enacted~~
~~Gross Appropriations Subtotal~~j
65,702
71,911
73,029
69,964

~~Offsetting Collections and Receipts~~68,533

Offsetting Collections and Receipts Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fund Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fund
-14 -14
-14 -14
-14 -14
-14 -14

-14 FHA FHA
-9,596 -9,596
-8,236 -8,236
-8,236 -8,236
-8,236 -8,236

-8,236 GNMA GNMA
-2,363 -2,363
-2,107 -2,107
-2,106 -2,106
-2,106 -2,106

-2,106 Offsets Subtotal
-11,973
-10,357
-10,356
-10,356
-10,356
~~Rescissions~~

Rescissions

Native Hawaiian block grant rescission Native Hawaiian block grant rescission
-6 -6
0 0
0 0
0 0

~~Executive and Administrative Support~~

~~-29~~
0
0
0
0 Congressional Research Service 13 link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 20 link to page 20 THUD: FY2023 Appropriations FY2023 Chairman’s FY2022 FY2023 FY2023 Mark FY2023 HUD Accounts Enacted Request House (S. 4670) Enacted Executive and Administrative Support -29 0 0 0 0 Offices rescission Offices rescission
Rescissions Subtotal
-35
0
0
0
0
Total Net Discretionary Budget

53,694
61,554 62,673
59,608
58,178 Authority
Emergency ~~Disaster~~ Fundingkgm
5,~~000l~~000n
0
0
1,~~447m~~
~~2,000n~~447o 8,623p
Total w/Emergency ~~Disaster~~ Funding
58,694
61,554
62,673
61,055
66,801
Source: FY2022 Enacted, FY2023 President’s Request and FY2023 House figures are taken from the FY2022 Enacted, FY2023 President’s Request and FY2023 House figures are taken from the
Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 117-402, p. 532, adjusted for Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 117-402, p. 532, adjusted for
floor amendments, as well as congressional budget justifications; FY2023 Chairman’s Mark figures are taken from floor amendments, as well as congressional budget justifications; FY2023 Chairman’s Mark figures are taken from
S. 4670 and the draft committee report released by the chairman at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/S. 4670 and the draft committee report released by the chairman at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/
media/doc/THUDFY23RPT.pdf.media/doc/THUDFY23RPT.pdf. Final FY2023 figures taken from P.L. 117-328 and the explanatory statement accompanying H.R. 2617, as amended, as published in the Congressional Record on December 20, 2022.
Notes: Totals may not add or exactly match source materials due to rounding. Totals may not add or exactly match source materials due to rounding.
a. This account receives advance appropriations provided in the prior fiscal year and also includes a. This account receives advance appropriations provided in the prior fiscal year and also includes
appropriations that become available in the subsequent fiscal year. appropriations that become available in the subsequent fiscal year.
b b. Total does not include $2.654 bil ion in additional funding provided by Division N and designated as an emergency requirement. c. Up to $10 mil ion of the $85 mil ion proposed for HUD-VASH in S. 4670 would be for administrative . Up to $10 mil ion of the $85 mil ion proposed for HUD-VASH in S. 4670 would be for administrative
expenses, including amounts to facilitate leasing through payment of security deposits and landlord retention expenses, including amounts to facilitate leasing through payment of security deposits and landlord retention
payments. payments.
cd. All funding contained in this set-aside is earmarked for congressionally requested projects. . All funding contained in this set-aside is earmarked for congressionally requested projects.
de. Competitive grant funds provided under the Community Development Loan Guarantees Program Account, . Competitive grant funds provided under the Community Development Loan Guarantees Program Account,
with authority from Section 108(q) of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, as amended with authority from Section 108(q) of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, as amended
(42 U.S.C. §5308). (42 U.S.C. §5308).
e. f. The House bil The House bil ~~would include~~included funding for a new Preservation and Reinvestment Initiative for Community funding for a new Preservation and Reinvestment Initiative for Community
Enhancement that would provide competitive funding for a range of activities in support of manufactured Enhancement that would provide competitive funding for a range of activities in support of manufactured
housing and manufactured home communities. housing and manufactured home communities. P.L. 117-328 included funding for this new initiative, but less than was proposed in the House bil . For additional detail, see the For additional detail, see the “New Assistance for
Manufactured Housing” ~~section in this CRS~~section of this report. report.
f.
g. Amount adjusted for floor amendment. Amount adjusted for floor amendment.
gh. The Senate chairman’s mark . The Senate chairman’s mark ~~proposes~~proposed a set-aside of $100 mil ion in Continuum of Care program funds for a set-aside of $100 mil ion in Continuum of Care program funds for
the new construction, acquisition, or rehabilitation of permanent supportive housing. the new construction, acquisition, or rehabilitation of permanent supportive housing.
h. P.L. 117-328 included $75 mil ion to be used as one-time awards for this purpose. i. Total does not include $969 mil ion in additional funding provided by Division N and designated as an emergency requirement. j. Some or all of the cost of funding these accounts is offset by the col ection of fees or other receipts. Those Some or all of the cost of funding these accounts is offset by the col ection of fees or other receipts. Those
offsets are shown later in this table. offsets are shown later in this table.
i.
k. The proposal for Research and Technology in H.R. 8294 includes $20 mil ion for grants to provide legal The proposal for Research and Technology in H.R. 8294 includes $20 mil ion for grants to provide legal
assistance for people facing eviction. assistance for people facing eviction.
jl. .
Total includes advance appropriations. Total includes advance appropriations.
~~Congressional Research Service~~
13

~~THUD: FY2023 Appropriations~~

km. Amounts presented here reflect discretionary funding . Amounts presented here reflect discretionary funding ~~for disaster recovery~~ designated as an emergency designated as an emergency
requirement, and thus requirement, and thus are excluded from totals for budget enforcement purposes. Amounts presented here are excluded from totals for budget enforcement purposes. Amounts presented here
do not include one-time mandatory funding provided by the American Rescue Plan Act (P.L. 117-2) or the do not include one-time mandatory funding provided by the American Rescue Plan Act (P.L. 117-2) or the
Inflation Reduction Act (P.L. 117-169). HUD received $10.77 bil ion from ARPA and $1 bil ion from the Inflation Reduction Act (P.L. 117-169). HUD received $10.77 bil ion from ARPA and $1 bil ion from the
IRA, both in FY2022. IRA, both in FY2022.
l.
n. Division B of the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43) Division B of the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43)
provided $5 bil ion in emergency supplemental FY2022 funding for HUD’s Community Development Block provided $5 bil ion in emergency supplemental FY2022 funding for HUD’s Community Development Block
Grant disaster recovery grants. Grant disaster recovery grants.
mCongressional Research Service 14 THUD: FY2023 Appropriations o. $1.4 bil ion would be provided for HUD’s CDBG-DR program for disaster recovery grants. . $1.4 bil ion would be provided for HUD’s CDBG-DR program for disaster recovery grants.
n. p. Includes $6.623 bil ion provided by Division N of P.L. 117-328 ($2.654 bil ion for Tenant Based Rental Assistance; $969 mil ion for Project Based Rental Assistance; and $3 bil ion for CDBG-DR); and $2 bil ion provided by Section 155 of the FY2023 Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. Section 155 of the FY2023 Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L.
117-180) appropriated these funds to CDBG-DR for unmet needs arising from disasters declared in 2021 117-180) appropriated these funds to CDBG-DR for unmet needs arising from disasters declared in 2021
and 2022. and 2022.
Selected FY2023 HUD Appropriations Topics
Rental Assistance Funding
Through various programs utilizing different mechanisms, the federal government subsidizes the Through various programs utilizing different mechanisms, the federal government subsidizes the
rents of nearly 4.6 million low-income households, allowing them to pay affordable, below-rents of nearly 4.6 million low-income households, allowing them to pay affordable, below-
market rents, generally set at 30% of a family’s income. The vast majority of HUD funding each market rents, generally set at 30% of a family’s income. The vast majority of HUD funding each
year is devoted to maintaining these rental assistance programs, which include (from largest to year is devoted to maintaining these rental assistance programs, which include (from largest to
smallest in terms of households [HHs] served in FY2020)smallest in terms of households [HHs] served in FY2020):
 • Housing Choice Vouchers (2.3 million HHs); Housing Choice Vouchers (2.3 million HHs);
• Section 8 project-based rental assistance (1.2 million HHs); Section 8 project-based rental assistance (1.2 million HHs);
• public housing (880,000 HHs); public housing (880,000 HHs);
• Section 202 Housing for the Elderly (124,000 HHs); and Section 202 Housing for the Elderly (124,000 HHs); and
• Section 811 Housing for Persons with Disabilities (32,000 HHs). Section 811 Housing for Persons with Disabilities (32,000 HHs).910
Funding for these rental assistance programs accounts for roughly 80% of HUD’s total (gross) Funding for these rental assistance programs accounts for roughly 80% of HUD’s total (gross)
appropriations, most of which is used to maintain assistance for currently assisted families. appropriations, most of which is used to maintain assistance for currently assisted families.
It is estimated that roughly one in four eligible households receives rental assistance, It is estimated that roughly one in four eligible households receives rental assistance,11 leading to leading to
waiting lists for assistance in most communities. For many years, expansions of these programs to waiting lists for assistance in most communities. For many years, expansions of these programs to
serve new families were limited. For example, most new Housing Choice Vouchers (referred to as serve new families were limited. For example, most new Housing Choice Vouchers (referred to as
incremental vouchers) that were funded in annual appropriations acts were only for homeless incremental vouchers) that were funded in annual appropriations acts were only for homeless
veterans, via the Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (VASH) program, and for child welfare-veterans, via the Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (VASH) program, and for child welfare-
involved families and former foster youth, via the Family Unification Program (FUP). This involved families and former foster youth, via the Family Unification Program (FUP). This
changed in FY2021, when Congress funded the first expansion in general purpose vouchers in changed in FY2021, when Congress funded the first expansion in general purpose vouchers in
nearly 20 years; and in FY2022, when Congress funded an even larger expansion. nearly 20 years; and in FY2022, when Congress funded an even larger expansion.
New Housing Choice Vouchers
The President’s FY2023 budget request included $1.55 billion in the tenant-based rental The President’s FY2023 budget request included $1.55 billion in the tenant-based rental
assistance account for new incremental Housing Choice Vouchers. Budget documents stated this assistance account for new incremental Housing Choice Vouchers. Budget documents stated this
would allow the program to serve an additional 200,000 families, the largest one-year increase in would allow the program to serve an additional 200,000 families, the largest one-year increase in
new vouchers since the program was created. All of these new vouchers would be general new vouchers since the program was created. All of these new vouchers would be general

~~9 HUD FY2022 Congressional Budget Justifications, Overview of Rental Assistance Programs, p. 2-1,~~
~~https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/5_2022CJ-OverviewofRentalAssistancePrograms.pdf.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~
14

~~THUD: FY2023 Appropriations~~

purpose vouchers, rather than being provided through VASH or FUP. This would be an increase purpose vouchers, rather than being provided through VASH or FUP. This would be an increase
over the $200 million that was provided for new incremental vouchers in FY2022. over the $200 million that was provided for new incremental vouchers in FY2022.
The House-passed bill included $1.1 billion for general purpose new incremental vouchers, which The House-passed bill included $1.1 billion for general purpose new incremental vouchers, which
the committee the committee ~~estimates~~estimated would be sufficient to serve an additional 140,000 households. The bill would be sufficient to serve an additional 140,000 households. The bill
10 HUD FY2022 Congressional Budget Justifications, Overview of Rental Assistance Programs, p. 2-1, https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/5_2022CJ-OverviewofRentalAssistancePrograms.pdf. 11 HUD, Worst Case Housing Needs: Report to Congress, 2021, pg. 8-9, https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/Worst-Case-Housing-Needs-2021.pdf. Congressional Research Service 15 link to page 19 THUD: FY2023 Appropriations would also have provided~~would also provide~~ another $50 million for homeless veterans through VASH and $30 million for another $50 million for homeless veterans through VASH and $30 million for
families and youth involved in the child welfare system through FUP. families and youth involved in the child welfare system through FUP.
The Senate chairman’s mark also included funding for new incremental vouchers, but less than The Senate chairman’s mark also included funding for new incremental vouchers, but less than
was requested by the President, passed in the House, or funded the previous year. Specifically, it was requested by the President, passed in the House, or funded the previous year. Specifically, it
proposed $50 million for new general purpose incremental vouchers, plus $85 million for VASH proposed $50 million for new general purpose incremental vouchers, plus $85 million for VASH
and $30 million for FUP. and $30 million for FUP.
The final FY2023 appropriations law included $50 million for new general purpose incremental vouchers, $50 million for new VASH vouchers, and $30 million for new FUP vouchers. Supplemental Funding for Rental Assistance Renewals Among the largest expenses in HUD’s budget is the cost of renewing rental assistance for the more than 3 million families who are served by the project-based rental assistance and Housing Choice Voucher program. The final FY2023 appropriations law, P.L. 117-328, funded FY2023 renewal costs for these two programs using a combination of regular appropriations (provided in Division L), and supplemental emergency-designated renewal funding (provided in Division N). As shown in Table 6, nearly 9% of the total funding for rental assistance renewal costs for these two programs was provided as emergency designated spending and therefore not subject to regular discretionary spending limits, including the THUD subcommittee’s 302(b) allocations, in FY2023. Table 6. Emergency Supplemental Share of FY2023 Rental Assistance Renewal Funding Dollars in billions FY2023 FY2023 FY2023 Enacted Emergency FY2022 Enacted Supplemental FY2023 Supplemental Renewal Funding Total $ Regular $ Emergency $ Total $ Share Tenant Based Rental 24.10 23.75 2.65 26.40 10.1% Assistance Project Based Rental Assistance 13.59 13.60 0.97 14.56 6.7% Total 37.68 37.34 3.62 40.97 8.8% Source: Table prepared by CRS based on P.L. 117-328 CDBG, EDI, and Section 108
The President’s budget requested $3.77 billion for the Community Development Fund (CDF) The President’s budget requested $3.77 billion for the Community Development Fund (CDF)
account, with $3.55 billion in CDBG funds for entitlement communities, states, and insular areas. account, with $3.55 billion in CDBG funds for entitlement communities, states, and insular areas.
The House-passed bill The House-passed bill ~~would include~~proposed $5.29 billion in CDF funds, with $3.30 billion in CDBG $5.29 billion in CDF funds, with $3.30 billion in CDBG
funds and $1.97 billion in congressionally directed spending under the Economic Development funds and $1.97 billion in congressionally directed spending under the Economic Development
Initiative (EDI). The House-passed bill Initiative (EDI). The House-passed bill ~~would also include~~also proposed $60 million in competitive economic $60 million in competitive economic
development grants under the Community Development Loan Guarantees Program account, of development grants under the Community Development Loan Guarantees Program account, of
which $50 million would be specifically for shopping mall redevelopment projects.which $50 million would be specifically for shopping mall redevelopment projects.1012 The Senate 12 The Community Development Loan Guarantees Program account typically sets the maximum loan commitments under the HUD Section 108 Loan Guarantee program. Section 108(q) of the Housing and Community Development (continued...) Congressional Research Service 16 THUD: FY2023 Appropriations ~~The Senate~~
chairman’s mark chairman’s mark ~~would include~~proposed $4.81 billion for the CDF account, with $3.52 billion in CDBG $4.81 billion for the CDF account, with $3.52 billion in CDBG
funds and $1.06 billion in EDI funding.funds and $1.06 billion in EDI funding.
The final FY2023 appropriations law included $6.40 billion for the CDF account, which included $3.3 billion for CDBG, $85 million for a new “Yes In My Backyard” competitive grant program to reduce barriers to affordable housing, and $2.98 billion for congressionally directed spending via EDIs. HOME Down Payment Assistance Set-Aside Proposal
The HOME Investment Partnerships Program (HOME) provides formula funding to states, local The HOME Investment Partnerships Program (HOME) provides formula funding to states, local
governments, and insular areas that can be used for a range of eligible affordable housing governments, and insular areas that can be used for a range of eligible affordable housing
activities that benefit low-income households. The President’s budget requested up to $100 activities that benefit low-income households. The President’s budget requested up to $100
million in HOME funding for a new initiative titled FirstHOME Downpayment Assistance that million in HOME funding for a new initiative titled FirstHOME Downpayment Assistance that
would provide funds to states and insular areas for assistance to homebuyers. (While homebuyer would provide funds to states and insular areas for assistance to homebuyers. (While homebuyer
assistance is currently one of several eligible use of HOME funds, FirstHOME would be a set-assistance is currently one of several eligible use of HOME funds, FirstHOME would be a set-
aside of HOME funds to be used specifically for homebuyer assistance.aside of HOME funds to be used specifically for homebuyer assistance.1113) The House-passed bill ) The House-passed bill
~~would include~~proposed up to $50 million for FirstHOME down payment assistance. The appropriations up to $50 million for FirstHOME down payment assistance. The appropriations
language requested by HUD and included in the House-passed bill would language requested by HUD and included in the House-passed bill would ~~leave~~have provided HUD with broad HUD with broad
discretion in how to implement the program, although both the HUD budget justifications and the discretion in how to implement the program, although both the HUD budget justifications and the
House committee report House committee report ~~indicate~~indicated that the funding would be intended to support first-time, first- that the funding would be intended to support first-time, first-
generation homebuyers.generation homebuyers.1214 The Senate chairman’s mark The Senate chairman’s mark ~~does~~did not include funding for FirstHOME not include funding for FirstHOME
~~down payment assistance.~~

~~10 The Community Development Loan Guarantees Program account typically sets the maximum loan commitments~~
~~under the HUD Section 108 Loan Guarantee program. Section 108(q) of the Housing and Community Development~~
down payment assistance and it was not ultimately funded in the final FY2023 appropriations law. New Assistance for Manufactured Housing The House committee report included language discussing the importance of manufactured housing as a source of affordable housing and certain challenges faced by residents of manufactured homes or manufactured home communities.15 In response to some of these challenges, the House-passed bill proposed $500 million to support manufactured housing through a new Preservation and Reinvestment Initiative for Community Enhancement. While no such funding was included in the Senate chairman’s mark, the final FY2023 appropriations law included $225 million for the new initiative. Act of 1974, as amended, also authorizes the provision of grants related to Section 108 loan funded projects (42 U.S.C. Act of 1974, as amended, also authorizes the provision of grants related to Section 108 loan funded projects (42 U.S.C.
§5308). In the past, Congress has used this authority to fund competitive grants under the EDI and the Brownfields §5308). In the past, Congress has used this authority to fund competitive grants under the EDI and the Brownfields
Economic Development Initiative. Economic Development Initiative.
1113 For several years in the 2000s, Congress provided a set-aside of HOME funding to be used for down payment For several years in the 2000s, Congress provided a set-aside of HOME funding to be used for down payment
assistance and certain other homebuyer assistance through the American Dream Downpayment Initiative (ADDI). For assistance and certain other homebuyer assistance through the American Dream Downpayment Initiative (ADDI). For
more information on ADDI, see Appendix A of CRS Report R40118, more information on ADDI, see Appendix A of CRS Report R40118, An Overview of the HOME Investment
Partnerships Program. .
1214 See HUD’s FY2023 Congressional Budget Justifications, p. 18-2, https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/ See HUD’s FY2023 Congressional Budget Justifications, p. 18-2, https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/
2023_CJ_Program_-_HOME_updated.pdf, stating that the initiative would aim “to support sustainable homeownership 2023_CJ_Program_-_HOME_updated.pdf, stating that the initiative would aim “to support sustainable homeownership
~~Congressional Research Service~~
15

~~THUD: FY2023 Appropriations~~

~~New Assistance for Manufactured Housing~~
~~The House committee report includes language discussing the importance of manufactured~~
~~housing as a source of affordable housing and certain challenges faced by residents of~~
~~manufactured homes or manufactured home communities.13 In response to some of these~~
~~challenges, the House-passed bill would provide $500 million to support manufactured housing~~
~~through a new Preservation and Reinvestment Initiative for Community Enhancement. The~~
~~funding would be~~among first-generation, first-time homebuyers,” and H.Rept. 117-402, pp. 144-145, stating that “the Committee includes up to $50,000,000 for down payment assistance to support sustainable homeownership among first-generation, first-time homebuyers.” 15 See H.Rept. 117-402, pp. 114-115. In addition to the funding that the House-passed bill would provide for the Preservation and Reinvestment Initiative for Community Enhancement, the House committee report otherwise addresses manufactured housing in various ways. These include directing HUD to conduct a review of its programs that can be used for activities related to manufactured housing and directing that $2.5 million in technical assistance funding provided in the Policy Development and Research account be used in support of manufactured housing (see page 161 of the committee report). Congressional Research Service 17 link to page 22 THUD: FY2023 Appropriations The funding is for competitive grants to support the preservation and revitalization of for competitive grants to support the preservation and revitalization of
manufactured housing and eligible manufactured home communities. Eligible grantees manufactured housing and eligible manufactured home communities. Eligible grantees ~~would~~
~~include~~ include states, local governments, resident-owned manufactured housing communities, states, local governments, resident-owned manufactured housing communities,
cooperatives, nonprofits, community development financial institutions (CDFIs), Indian tribes or cooperatives, nonprofits, community development financial institutions (CDFIs), Indian tribes or
their tribally designated housing entities (TDHEs), or other entities approved by the Secretary of their tribally designated housing entities (TDHEs), or other entities approved by the Secretary of
HUD. Grant funds HUD. Grant funds ~~could~~may be used for a range of eligible activities, including infrastructure, be used for a range of eligible activities, including infrastructure,
planning, resident and community services, resiliency activities, and other assistance, such as land planning, resident and community services, resiliency activities, and other assistance, such as land
and site and site acquisition. The House-passed bill would have designated $50 million of the total~~acquisition. Of the $500 million in the House-passed bill, $50 million would be~~ for a for a
pilot program to help redevelop manufactured home communities as affordable replacement pilot program to help redevelop manufactured home communities as affordable replacement
~~housing.~~
housing; the final FY2023 appropriations law designated $25 million of the total for this purpose. Legislative Proposals in the Senate Chairman’s Mark The Senate chairman’s mark also included the text of two standalone bills related to housing. CDBG-DR Authorization
Title V of the Senate chairman’s mark includes the text of S. 2471, the Reforming Disaster Title V of the Senate chairman’s mark includes the text of S. 2471, the Reforming Disaster
Recovery Act. It Recovery Act. It ~~would~~proposed to establish establish ~~the~~an Office of Disaster Management and Resiliency within HUD, Office of Disaster Management and Resiliency within HUD,
to oversee disaster preparedness and response in the department, and manage inter- and intra-to oversee disaster preparedness and response in the department, and manage inter- and intra-
agency coordination. The act would agency coordination. The act would further have permanently permanently ~~authorize~~authorized CDBG-DR as a standing program CDBG-DR as a standing program
under which HUD could establish a standardized regulatory structure.under which HUD could establish a standardized regulatory structure.1416 It would also It would also ~~establish~~
~~the~~have established a Long-Term Disaster Recovery Fund to provide for CDBG-DR grant assistance and program Long-Term Disaster Recovery Fund to provide for CDBG-DR grant assistance and program
~~administration.~~
administration. This legislation was not included in the final FY2023 appropriations law. NAHASDA Reauthorization
Title VI of the Senate chairman’s mark Title VI of the Senate chairman’s mark ~~includes~~included the text of S. 2264, the Native American Housing the text of S. 2264, the Native American Housing
Assistance and Self-Determination Reauthorization Act of 2021. It Assistance and Self-Determination Reauthorization Act of 2021. It ~~would~~proposed to reauthorize certain reauthorize certain
programs authorized under the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act programs authorized under the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act
(NAHASDA); namely, the Indian Housing Block Grant and Native Hawaiian Housing Block (NAHASDA); namely, the Indian Housing Block Grant and Native Hawaiian Housing Block
Grant, as well as the Section 184 Indian Housing Loan Guarantee and Section 184A Native Grant, as well as the Section 184 Indian Housing Loan Guarantee and Section 184A Native
Hawaiian Loan Guarantee programs. In addition, it would Hawaiian Loan Guarantee programs. In addition, it would ~~make~~have made certain changes to NAHASDA certain changes to NAHASDA
programs and include other provisions related to housing assistance for programs and include other provisions related to housing assistance for tribes. This legislation was not included in the final FY2023 appropriations law. THUD Related Agencies As shown in Table 7, most~~tribes.~~

~~among first-generation, first-time homebuyers,” and H.Rept. 117-402, pp. 144-145, stating that “the Committee~~
~~includes up to $50,000,000 for down payment assistance to support sustainable homeownership among first-generation,~~
~~first-time homebuyers.”~~
~~13 See H.Rept. 117-402, p. 114-115. In addition to the funding that the House-passed bill would provide for the~~
~~Preservation and Reinvestment Initiative for Community Enhancement, the House committee report otherwise~~
~~addresses manufactured housing in various ways. These include directing HUD to conduct a review of its programs that~~
~~can be used for activities related to manufactured housing and directing that $2.5 million in technical assistance funding~~
~~provided in the Policy Development and Research account be used in support of manufactured housing (see page 161~~
~~of the committee report).~~
~~14 The President’s FY2023 budget also supported the authorization of CDBG-DR.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~
16

~~link to page 20~~ ~~THUD: FY2023 Appropriations~~

~~THUD Related Agencies~~
~~As shown in Table 6, most~~ of the related agencies funded in the THUD bill would have received of the related agencies funded in the THUD bill would have received
level or increased funding relative to the prior year under the President’s FY2023 budget request.level or increased funding relative to the prior year under the President’s FY2023 budget request.
The largest dollar increases were proposed for the National Transportation Safety Board (+$8 The largest dollar increases were proposed for the National Transportation Safety Board (+$8
million, +7%) and the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation/million, +7%) and the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation/~~Neighborworks~~NeighborWorks America (+$4 million, (+$4 million,
+2%). The House-passed legislation proposed increases above the President’s request for several +2%). The House-passed legislation proposed increases above the President’s request for several
agencies, including $15 million more for agencies, including $15 million more for ~~the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation~~NeighborWorks relative to relative to
the President’s budget. The Senate chairman’s mark largely matched the President’s request, the President’s budget. The Senate chairman’s mark largely matched the President’s request,
although it included more for the Federal Maritime Commission (+$3 million compared to the although it included more for the Federal Maritime Commission (+$3 million compared to the
President’s request) and less for the Interagency Council on Homelessness (matching the FY2022 President’s request) and less for the Interagency Council on Homelessness (matching the FY2022
~~enacted level).~~
~~Table 6~~enacted level). 16 The President’s FY2023 budget also supported the authorization of CDBG-DR. Congressional Research Service 18 THUD: FY2023 Appropriations Table 7. THUD Related Agencies, FY2022-FY2023 Detailed Appropriations
(dollars in millions) (dollars in millions)
FY2023
Chairman’s
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
Mark
FY2023
Related Agency
Enacted
Request
House
(S. 4670)
Enacted
Access Board Access Board
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10

10 Federal Maritime Commission Federal Maritime Commission
33 33
35 35
38 38
38 38

38 National Railroad Passenger National Railroad Passenger
Corporation (Amtrak) Office Corporation (Amtrak) Office
26 26
28 28
28 28
28 28

28 of Inspector General of Inspector General
National Transportation National Transportation
Safety Board Safety Board
121 121
129 129
129 129
129 129

129 Neighborhood Reinvestment Neighborhood Reinvestment
Corporation Corporation
166 166
170 170
185 185
170 170

170 (NeighborWorks) (NeighborWorks)
Surface Transportation Board Surface Transportation Board
39 39
41 41
42 42
41 41

41 Offsetting Col ections Offsetting Col ections
-1 -1
-1 -1
-1 -1
-1 -1

-1 U.S. Interagency Council on U.S. Interagency Council on
Homelessness Homelessness
4 4
5 5
5 5
4 4

4 Total Total
398 398
416 416
436 436
419 419

420 Source: FY2022 Enacted, FY2023 President’s Request and FY2023 House figures are taken from the FY2022 Enacted, FY2023 President’s Request and FY2023 House figures are taken from the
Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 117-402, p. 532, adjusted for Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 117-402, p. 532, adjusted for
floor amendments, as well as congressional budget justifications; FY2023 Chairman’s Mark figures are taken from floor amendments, as well as congressional budget justifications; FY2023 Chairman’s Mark figures are taken from
S. 4670 and the draft committee report released by the chairman at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/S. 4670 and the draft committee report released by the chairman at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/
media/doc/THUDFY23RPT.pdf.media/doc/THUDFY23RPT.pdf.
~~Notes:~~ ~~Totals may not add or exactly match source materials due to rounding.~~

~~Congressional Research Service~~
17

~~THUD: FY2023 Appropriations~~

Final FY2023 figures taken from P.L. 117-328 and the explanatory statement accompanying H.R. 2617, as amended, as published in the Congressional Record on December 20, 2022. Notes: Totals may not add or exactly match source materials due to rounding. NeighborWorks Funding for Shared Equity Housing Since FY2019, appropriations for NeighborWorks have included between $1 million and $3 million to support shared equity housing models.17 While specifics vary, shared equity housing generally involves limits on the future sales price of homes or other resale restrictions to preserve long-term affordability. Examples of shared equity housing models include community land trusts, limited equity cooperatives, and deed-restricted housing. Of the $170 million provided to NeighborWorks in the FY2023 appropriations law, $4 million is for shared equity housing. Of this amount, Congress directed that $1 million be used for technical assistance and $3 million be used for capital grants for NeighborWorks affiliates to acquire homes for their shared equity portfolios.18 17 Congress appropriated $2 million for this purpose in FY2019, $1 million in FY2020, $2 million in FY2021, and $3 million in FY2022. NeighborWorks has released a report describing its use of the funding provided in FY2019 and FY2020; see NeighborWorks America, Advancing the Promise of Shared Equity Housing Models, https://www.neighborworks.org/getattachment/5d3b345d-2853-4eff-b6b2-8f3c36427bef/attachment.aspx. 18 See page S9345 of the explanatory statement accompanying H.R. 2617, as amended, as published in the Congressional Record on December 20, 2022. Congressional Research Service 19 THUD: FY2023 Appropriations Author Information

Maggie McCarty Maggie McCarty
David Randall Peterman David Randall Peterman
Specialist in Housing Policy Specialist in Housing Policy
Analyst in Transportation Policy Analyst in Transportation Policy

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