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Energy is crucial to the operation ofoperating a modern industrial and services economy. Concerns about the availability and cost of energy and about environmental impacts of fossil energy use have led to the establishment of a wide variety of federal incentives for renewable energy and energy efficiency. These incentives are aimed at the implementation ofaim to implement renewable energy and energy efficiency measures and the development and commercialization ofto develop and commercialize renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies.
Many of the existing energy efficiency and renewable energy programs have authorizations tracing back to the 1970s. Many of the programs have been reauthorized and redesigned repeatedly to meet changing economic factors. The programs apply broadly to sectors ranging from industry to academia, and from state and local governments to rural communities.
Since 2005, Congress has enactedpassed several major energy laws: the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58); the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140); the Energy Improvement and Extension Act (EIEA), enacted as Division B of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA; P.L. 110-343); and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA; P.L. 111-5). Each of those laws established, expanded, or modified energy efficiency and renewable energy research, development, demonstration, and deployment (RDD&D) programs.
The Department of Energy (DOE) operates the greatest number of efficiency and renewable energy incentive programs. The Department of the Treasury and the Department of Agriculture (USDA) operate several programs. A few programs can also be found among the Departments of the Interior (DOI), Labor (DOL), Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and Veterans Affairs (VA), and the Small Business Administration (SBA).
This report describes federal programs that provide grants, loans, loan guarantees, and other direct or indirect incentives for energy efficiency, energy conservation, and renewable energy. For each program, the report provides the administering agency, authorizing statute(s), annual funding, and the program expiration date. The appendixes provide summary information in a tabular format and also list recently expired programs.
The Department of Agriculture (USDA) runs several programs that largely focus on biofuels, such as ethanol and wood energy. Other USDA programs include assistance to rural communities with high energy costs, biomass crop assistance, grants and loans to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy for agricultural producers and rural businesses, assistance to general consumers for rural energy savings, and sustainable agricultural research.
The Department of the Treasury administers tax credits and other incentives for energy efficiency and renewable energy. Eligible activities include energy efficient home improvements, renewable energy production, and business investments in energy efficiency and renewable energy.
Other federal agencies with energy efficiency and renewable energy programs include the following:
A wide range of entities are eligible for these energy efficiency and renewable incentives, including biofuels producers; state, local, and tribal governments; businesses; schools and universities; research organizations; builders and developers; homeowners; utilities; and veterans. Eligibility also includes a variety of energy-related technologies, such as advanced batteries, heating and cooling systems, vehicles and biofuels, appliances, building envelope technologies, renewable energy production technologies, lighting, and electricity generation and transmission.
The United States has an abundance of natural resources. For much of the nation's history, energy availability was not a concern as commerce and industry needs could be met by domestic supplies. However, industrialization and population growth, and the continuing development of a consumer-oriented society, led to growing dependence on foreign sources of energy during the 20th century to supplement the demands of a growing economy.
Recognition of the implications of dependence on foreign sources of energyRecognizing the impacts of depending on foreign energy sources, coupled with concerns over the volatility of prices driven by fluctuations in supply spurred by world events, prompted federal efforts to increase U.S. energy independence and reduce domestic consumption. A major result has been the establishment of a number of programs focused on energy efficiency and conservation of domestic resources and on research programsAs a major result, numerous programs have been established, focusing on energy efficiency, domestic conservation resources, and research that target the development of renewable sources of energy. Many of these programs have roots going back almostdating back more than 40 years and have been redesigned many times over that period.
Many of the current programs have been reauthorized and redesigned periodically to meet changing economic conditions and national interests. The programs apply broadly to sectors ranging from industry to academia, and from state and local governments to rural communities. Each program has been designed to meet perceived current needs as well as future anticipated challenges.
Since 2005, Congress has enactedpassed several major energy laws: the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58); the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140); the Energy Improvement and Extension Act (EIEA), enacted as Division B of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA; P.L. 110-343); and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA; P.L. 111-5). Each of those laws established, expanded, or modified energy efficiency and renewable energy research, development, demonstration, and deployment (RDD&D) programs. The Department of Energy (DOE) operates the greatest number of efficiency and renewable energy incentive programs. The Department of the Treasury and the Department of Agriculture (USDA) operate several programs. A few programs can also be found among the DepartmentsDepartment of the Interior (DOI), Labor (DOL),the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and Veterans Affairs (VA), and the Small Business Administration (SBA).
This report outlines current federal programs and provisions providing grants, loans, loan guarantees, tax credits, and other direct or indirect incentives for energy efficiency, energy conservation, and renewable energy RDD&D. The programs are grouped by administering agency with references to applicable federal agency websites. Incentives are summarized and indexed in the appendixes.
Most program descriptions were compiled from authorizing statutes, the U.S. Code, and Administration budget request documents. Other program descriptions and some funding information were compiled from Thethe Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE), the Assistance Listings (formerly the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance or CFDA) housed on the beta.SAM.gov website, and the Energy Star website. Most budgetary figures were compiled from executive agency budget justifications and congressional committee reports. For more information on agriculture-related grant programs, please seesee: CRS Report R45943, The Farm Bill Energy Title: An Overview and Funding History, by Kelsi Bracmort; and CRS In Focus IF10288, Overview of Bioenergy Programs in the 2018 Farm Bill, by Kelsi Bracmort Report R43416, Energy Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill (P.L. 113-79): Status and Funding, by [author name scrubbed]. For more information on programs supporting the development and deployment of alternatives to conventional fuels and engines in transportation, please also see CRS Report R42566, Alternative Fuel and Advanced Vehicle Technology Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs, by [author name scrubbed]Lynn J. Cunningham et al.
|
Administered by |
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) |
|
Authority |
Federal Nonnuclear Energy Research and Development Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-577) Energy Policy and Conservation Act Energy Conservation and Production Act Department of Energy Organization Act Energy Tax Act (P.L. 95-618) National Energy Conservation Policy Act Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-620) Energy Security Act National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 (P.L. 100-12) Federal Energy Management Improvement Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-615) Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology Competitiveness Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-218) Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (P.L. 101-549) Solar, Wind, Waste, and Geothermal Power Production Incentives Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-575) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Biomass Research and Development Act of 2000 (Title III of Agricultural Risk Protection Act of 2000; P.L. 106-224) Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-171) Healthy Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140)
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) |
|
Annual Funding |
$
$195.6 million for FY2008 $214 million for FY2009 An additional $777 million in FY2009 from ARRA $220 million for FY2010 $180 million for FY2011 $195 million for FY2012 $185.2 million for FY2013 $182.3 million for FY2014 $175.9 million for FY2015 $225 million for FY2016 $205 million for FY2017 $ $ |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
This program works with industrial partners, national laboratories, universities, and other stakeholders to develop the technologies and systems needed to cost-effectively transform the nation's renewable and abundant domestic biomass resources into clean, affordable, and sustainable biofuels, bioproducts, and biopower. In recent years, the program has been primarily geared toward development and deployment of ethanol from non-food feedstocks (e.g., wastes, switchgrass, algae), but is now expanding its scope to additional alternative fuels, such as bio-butanol, green gasoline, jet fuel, and diesel. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Colleges and universities; profit organizations |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Biomass |
|
For More Information |
See CRS Report R42566, Alternative Fuel and Advanced Vehicle Technology Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs, by |
|
Administered by |
Bioenergy Technologies Office, EERE |
|
Authority |
Department of Energy Organization Act Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act for FY1987 (P.L. 99-591) |
|
Annual Funding |
$395,000 for FY2007 $75,131 for FY2008 $25,705 for FY2009 $4.8 million for FY2010 $0 for FY2011-
|
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
This program provides assistance to increase America's use of fuels, chemicals, materials, and power made from domestic biomass on a sustainable basis. Assistance may be used to develop and transfer any of several biomass energy technologies to the scientific and industrial communities. For regional programs, such technologies will be appropriate for the needs and resources of particular regions of the United States. This program has not expired, but it has not been regularly funded since 2011, and it is unlikely that it will receive significant funding in future years.1 |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
State and local governments; colleges and universities; profit organizations; nonprofit organizations |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Biomass |
|
For More Information |
See program number 81.079 at the beta.SAM.gov website. |
|
Administered by |
EERE |
|
Authority |
Geothermal Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-410) Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91) Energy Tax Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-618) Energy Security Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-294) Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology Competitiveness Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-218) Solar, Wind, Waste, and Geothermal Power Production Incentives Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-575) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) |
|
Annual Funding |
$
$19.3 million for FY2008 $43.3 million for FY2009 An additional $393 million appropriated in FY2009 from ARRA $44 million for FY2010 $37 million for FY2011 $37 million for FY2012 $35 million for FY2013 $44.8 million for FY2014 $54.3 million for FY2015 $71 million for FY2016 $69.5 million for FY2017 $ $ |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
This program partners the federal government with industry, academia, and research facilities to further the development |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Profit organizations; colleges and universities |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Geothermal |
|
For More Information |
See EERE's Geothermal Technologies |
|
Administered by |
EERE |
|
Authority |
Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-275) Federal Nonnuclear Energy Research and Development Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-577) Energy Policy and Conservation Act Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development and Demonstration Act (P.L. 94-413) Department of Energy Organization Act Automotive Propulsion Research and Development Act of 1978 (Title III of Department of Energy Act of 1978-Civilian Applications; P.L. 95-238) Energy Security Act Methane Transportation Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-512) Alternative Motor Fuels Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-494) Spark M. Matsunaga Hydrogen Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-566) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Hydrogen Future Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-271) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) |
|
Annual Funding |
$
$206.2 million for FY2008 $164.6 million for FY2009 An additional $43 million appropriated in FY2009 from ARRA $174 million for FY2010 $95.8 million for FY2011 $101.3 million for FY2012 $95.8 million for FY2013 $89.5 million for FY2014 $94.8 million for FY2015 $101 million for FY2016 $101 million for FY2017 $ $ |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
This program partners with industry, academia, and national laboratories and works in close coordination with Vehicle Technologies and other programs at DOE to overcome technical barriers through R&D of hydrogen production, delivery, and storage technologies; overcome technical barriers to fuel cell technologies for transportation, distributed stationary power, and portable power applications; address safety issues and facilitate the development of model codes and standards; validate and demonstrate hydrogen and fuel cells in real-world conditions; and educate key stakeholders whose acceptance of these technologies will determine their success in the marketplace. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Federal government; national laboratories; colleges and universities; and profit organizations |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Hydrogen and fuel cells |
|
For More Information |
See EERE's Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies website; and program number 81.087 at the beta.Sam.gov website. |
|
Administered by |
EERE |
|
Authority |
Energy Policy and Conservation Act Energy Conservation and Production Act Department of Energy Organization Act Solar Photovoltaic Energy Research, Development and Demonstration Act of 1984 (P.L. 95-590) National Energy Conservation Policy Act Energy Security Act Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology Competitiveness Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-218) Solar, Wind, Waste, and Geothermal Power Production Incentives Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-575) P.L. 102-46 (technical amendment to the Solar, Wind, Waste, and Geothermal Power Production Incentives Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) |
|
Annual Funding |
$
$166.3 million for FY2008 $172.4 million for FY2009 An additional $116 million appropriated in FY2009 from ARRA $247 million for FY2010 $259.6 million for FY2011 $284.7 million for FY2012 $269.1 million for FY2013 $254.3 million for FY2014 $230.8 million for FY2015 $241.6 million for FY2016 $207.6 million for FY2017 $ $246.5 million for FY2019
$67 million requested for |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
SETP partners with industry, national laboratories, and universities to develop and bring reliable and affordable solar energy technologies to the marketplace. This program finances R&D in |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Industry; national laboratories; colleges and universities |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Solar |
|
For More Information |
See EERE's Solar Energy Technologies |
|
Administered by |
EERE |
|
Authority |
Energy Policy and Conservation Act Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology Competitiveness Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-218) Solar, Wind, Waste, and Geothermal Power Production Incentives Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-575) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) |
|
Annual Funding |
$
$9.7 million for FY2008 $39.1 million for FY2009 An additional $31.7 million appropriated in FY2009 from ARRA $50 million for FY2010 $29.2 million for FY2011 $58.1 million for FY2012 $54.7 million for FY2013 $57.8 million for FY2014 $60 million for FY2015 $70 million for FY2016 $84 million for FY2017 $ $105 million for FY2019
$45 million requested for |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
This program partners with the national laboratories, industry, universities, and other federal agencies to promote the development and deployment of technologies capable of generating environmentally sustainable and cost-effective electricity from the nation's water resources (both conventional and marine and hydrokinetic technologies). |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Federal, state, local, and tribal governments; national laboratories; industry; small businesses; colleges and universities |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Hydroelectric; hydrokinetic energy; wave energy; tidal energy; ocean thermal energy conversion |
|
For More Information |
See EERE's Water Power |
|
Administered by |
EERE |
|
Authority |
Energy Policy and Conservation Act Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology Competitiveness Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-218) Solar, Wind, Waste, and Geothermal Power Production Incentives Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-575) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) |
|
Annual Funding |
$
$49 million for FY2008 $54.4 million for FY2009 An additional $106.9 million appropriated in FY2009 from ARRA $80 million for FY2010 $78.8 million for FY2011 $91.8 million for FY2012 $86.1 million for FY2013 $87 million for FY2014 $105.9 million for FY2015 $95.5 million for FY2016 $90 million for FY2017 $ $ |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
This program partners with federal, state, and other stakeholder groups to conduct research and development activities through competitively selected, cost-shared research and development projects with industry to improve the performance, lower the costs, and accelerate the deployment of wind energy technologies. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Federal, state, local, and tribal governments; national laboratories; industry; small businesses; colleges and universities |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Wind |
|
For More Information |
See EERE's Wind Energy |
|
Administered by |
EERE |
|
Authority |
Energy Policy and Conservation Act Energy Conservation and Production Act Department of Energy Organization Act Energy Tax Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-618) National Energy Conservation Policy Act
Energy Security Act (P.L. 96-294) National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 (P.L. 100-12) National Appliance Energy Conservation Amendments of 1988 (P.L. 100-357) Federal Energy Management Improvement Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-615) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) |
|
Annual Funding |
$
$107.4 million for FY2008 $138.1 million for FY2009 An additional $319.2 million appropriated in FY2009 from ARRA $222 million for FY2010 $207.3 million for FY2011 $214.7 million for FY2012 $204.6 million for FY2013 $173.6 million for FY2014 $168.2 million for FY2015 $200.5 million for FY2016 $199.1 million for FY2017 $ $226 million for FY2019
$57 million requested for |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
In partnership with the private sector, state and local governments, national laboratories, and universities, the Building Technologies Program works to improve the efficiency of buildings and the equipment, components, and systems within them, including electric grid integration and advanced energy storage. The program supports research and development (R&D) activities and provides tools, guidelines, training, and access to technical and financial resources. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
State and local governments; universities; national laboratories |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Energy-efficient innovations for building envelopes, equipment, lighting, daylighting, and windows; passive solar; photovoltaics; fuel cells; advanced sensors and controls; and combined heating, cooling, and power systems |
|
For More Information |
See EERE's Building Technologies |
|
Administered by |
EERE |
|
Authority |
Energy Conservation and Production Act National Energy Conservation Policy Act Energy Security Act Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486 Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) |
|
Annual Funding |
$227.2 million for FY2008 $450 million for FY2009 An additional $5 billion appropriated in FY2009 from ARRA $270 million for FY2010 $171 million for FY2011 $68 million for FY2012 $131.7 million for FY2013 $173.9 million for FY2014 $193 million for FY2015 $215 million for FY2016 $228 million for FY2017 $ $312 million for FY2019
$0 requested for |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
This program reduces energy costs for low-income households by increasing the energy efficiency of their homes while ensuring their health and safety. DOE provides funding and technical guidance to states, which manage the day-to-day details of the program. Low-income families receive services from a network of more than 900 local weatherization service providers who install energy efficiency measures in the homes of qualifying homeowners free of charge. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
State and tribal governments, including U.S. territories |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Weatherization technologies include a wide range of energy efficiency measures for retrofitting homes and apartment buildings. Weatherization service providers choose the best package of efficiency measures for each home based on an energy audit of the home. Typical measures may include installing insulation, sealing ducts, tuning and repairing heating and cooling systems, and if indicated, replacement of the same; mitigating air infiltration; and reducing electric base load consumption. |
|
For More Information |
See EERE's Weatherization Assistance Program website; the |
|
Administered by |
EERE |
|
Authority |
Energy Policy and Conservation Act Energy Conservation and Production Act Department of Energy Organization Act National Energy Conservation Policy Act Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-620) Energy Security Act Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology Competitiveness Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-218) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) |
|
Annual Funding |
$55.
$63.2 million for FY2008 $88.2 million for FY2009 An additional $261.5 million appropriated in FY2009 from ARRA $96 million for FY2010 $105.9 million for FY2011 $112.7 million for FY2012 $114.3 million for FY2013 $175.4 million for FY2014 $194.2 million for FY2015 $228.5 million for FY2016 $257.5 million for FY2017 $ $ |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
AMO works with industry to improve industrial energy efficiency and environmental performance while increasing productivity by conducting R&D on new energy efficient technologies; supporting commercialization of emerging technologies; providing plants with access to proven technologies, energy assessments, software tools, and other resources; and promoting energy and carbon management in industry. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Industrial organizations |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Crosscutting technologies that improve the efficiency of technologies that are common to many industrial processes and can benefit multiple industries. Crosscutting technology R&D areas include combustion, distributed energy, energy intensity processes, fuel and feedstock liability, industrial materials for the future, nanomanufacturing, and sensors and automation. |
|
For More Information |
See EERE's Advanced Manufacturing Office website. |
|
Administered by |
EERE |
|
Authority |
Federal Nonnuclear Energy Research and Development Policy Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-577) |
|
Annual Funding |
$2.8 million for FY2007 $145,000 for FY2008 $1.8 million for FY2009 $3 million for FY2010 $0 for FY2011 $940,000 for FY2012 $1 million for FY2013 $0 for FY2014-
|
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
This program provides financial and technical assistance for research and development of innovative, energy-saving ideas and inventions with future commercial market potential. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Individuals; small businesses |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Specific energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies not listed |
|
For More Information |
See program number 81.036 at the beta.SAM.gov website. The U.S. Department of Energy's Inventions & Innovations website has been retired. To access information on financial opportunities and current solicitations, visit the Advanced Manufacturing Office's (formerly the Industrial Technologies Program's) funding opportunities website. |
|
Administered by |
EERE |
|
Authority |
Department of Energy Organization Act Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) |
|
Annual Funding |
$
$208.4 million for FY2008 $267.1 million for FY2009 An additional $2.8 billion appropriated in FY2009 from ARRA $311.4 million for FY2010 $293.2 million for FY2011 $321 million for FY2012 $303.2 million for FY2013 $282.2 million for FY2014 $272.5 million for FY2015 $310 million for FY2016 $307 million for FY2017 $ $ |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
The Vehicle Technologies Program works with industry leaders to develop and deploy advanced transportation technologies that could achieve significant improvements in vehicle fuel efficiency and displace oil with other fuels that ultimately can be domestically produced in a clean and cost-competitive manner. Program activities include research, development, demonstration, testing, technology validation, technology transfer, and education. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Industry; colleges and universities; federal, state, and local governments; national laboratories |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Hybrid electric systems; biofuels or fuels technology; advanced internal combustion engines; advanced propulsion materials |
|
For More Information |
See EERE's Vehicle Technology Program website; and EERE's Vehicle Technologies Program Factsheet. |
|
Administered by |
EERE |
|
Authority |
Federal Nonnuclear Energy Research and Development Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-577) Department of Energy Organization Act Further Continuing Appropriations Act for FY1983 (P.L. 97-377) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) |
|
Annual Funding |
$87.5 million for FY2008 $203.7 million for FY2009 $1.96 billion for FY2010 $300 million for FY2011 $188.3 million for FY2012 $164 million for FY2013 $38.5 million for FY2014 $0 for FY2015; $142 $180.7 million for FY2016 $
|
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
This program provides project grants to conduct balanced, long-term research efforts in buildings technologies, industrial technologies, vehicle technologies, and hydrogen and fuel cell technologies. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
State, local, and tribal governments; universities; profit organizations; private nonprofit institutions/organizations |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Hydrogen and fuel cells; energy efficient technologies; advanced battery manufacturing |
|
For More Information |
See program number 81.086 at the beta.SAM.gov website. |
|
Administered by |
EERE |
|
Authority |
Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-438) Department of Energy Organization Act Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) |
|
Annual Funding |
$30 million for FY2007 $39.7 million for FY2008 $38 million for FY2009 $80.4 million for FY2010 $15 million for FY2011 $32.2 million for FY2012 $36.1 million for FY2013 $27.1 million for FY2014 $33.1 million for FY2015 $19.5 million for FY2016 $
|
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
This program provides financial assistance for information dissemination, outreach, training, and related technical analysis/assistance that will (1) stimulate increased energy efficiency in transportation, buildings, industry, and the federal sector and encourage increased use of renewable and alternative energy; and (2) accelerate the adoption of new technologies to increase energy efficiency and the use of renewable and alternative energy through the competitive solicitation of applications. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
State and local governments; Native American organizations; individuals; universities; profit organizations; private nonprofit organizations; public nonprofit organizations; |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Specific energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies not listed |
|
For More Information |
See program number 81.117 at the beta.SAM.gov website. |
|
Administered by |
EERE |
|
Authority |
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486), Title XII, Section 1212 Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58), Title II, Subtitle A, Section 202 |
|
Annual Funding |
$4.95 million for FY2006 $4.95 million for FY2007 $4.95 million for FY2008 $5 million for FY2009 $0 for FY2010- $0 requested for |
|
Scheduled Termination |
End of FY2026 |
|
Description |
This program provides incentive payments for electricity generated and sold by new qualifying renewable energy facilities. Qualifying systems are eligible for annual incentive payments of 1.5¢ per kilowatt-hour in 1993 dollars (indexed for inflation) for the first 10-year period of their operation, subject to the availability of annual appropriations in each federal fiscal year of operation. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
State, local, and tribal governments; public utilities; not-for-profit electrical cooperatives; Native American corporations |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Solar thermal electric; photovoltaics; landfill gas; wind; biomass; geothermal electric; anaerobic digestion; tidal energy; wave energy; ocean thermal |
|
For More Information |
See |
|
Administered by |
EERE |
|
Authority |
Department of Energy Organization Act Department of Energy Act of 1978-Civilian Applications (P.L. 95-238), Section 207 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology Competitiveness Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-218) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) |
|
Annual Funding |
$520 million for FY2008 $472.8 million for FY2009 $2.3 billion for FY2010 from ARRA funds $114.7 million for FY2011 $233.2 million for FY2012 $356.6 million for FY2013 $157.7 million for FY2014 $0 for FY2015 (est.); $109 $245.4 million for FY2016 $ FY2018 and FY2019 funding estimates and Breakdown of additional funds appropriated from ARRA (2010): Biomass—$800 million Geothermal—$400 million Hydrogen/Fuel Cell—$43.4 million Solar—$117.6 million Wind and Hydropower—$118 million |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
This program provides financial assistance to conduct balanced research and development efforts in the following energy technologies: solar, biomass, hydrogen, fuel cells and infrastructure, wind |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
State, local, and tribal governments; colleges and universities; profit organizations; private nonprofit organizations |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Solar; biomass; hydrogen; fuel cells; wind; hydropower; geothermal |
|
For More Information |
See program number 81.087 at the beta.SAM.gov website. |
|
Administered by |
EERE |
|
Authority |
Energy Policy and Conservation Act Energy Conservation and Production Act National Energy Conservation Policy Act State Energy Efficiency Programs Improvement Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-440) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Conservation Reauthorization Act of 1998 (P.L. 105-388) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) |
|
Annual Funding |
$44.1 million for FY2008 $50 million for FY2009 An additional $3.1 billion appropriated in FY2009 from ARRA $50 million for FY2010 $50 million for FY2011 $50 million for FY2012 $47.1 million for FY2013 $50 million for FY2014 $50 million for FY2015 $50 million for FY2016 $50 million for FY2017 $ $55 million for FY2019
$0 requested for |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
SEP provides grants to states to design and carry out their own renewable energy and energy efficiency programs. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
State and tribal governments, including U.S. territories |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Emerging renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies |
|
For More Information |
See EERE's State Energy Program website; EERE's State Energy Program Success Stories website; and program number 81.041 at the beta.SAM.gov website. |
|
Administered by |
|
|
Authority |
Energy Policy and Conservation Act Energy Conservation and Production Act Department of Energy Organization Act Energy Tax Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-618) National Energy Conservation Policy Act Power Plant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-620) Energy Security Act (P.L. 96-294) National Appliance Energy Federal Energy Management Improvement Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-615) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) |
|
Annual Funding |
$3.96 million for
$5.95 million for FY2008 $6 million for FY2009 $10 million for FY2010 $7 million for FY2011 $10 million for FY2012 $9.4 million for FY2013 $8.3 million for FY20143 $14.7 million for FY20154 $13.2 million for FY2016 $13.5 million for FY20175 Annualized full-year FY2018 data are not yet available $13.2 million for FY2019 |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
This program promotes tribal energy sufficiency, economic growth, and employment on tribal lands through the development of renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. The program provides financial assistance, technical assistance, education, and training to tribes for the evaluation and development of renewable energy resources and energy efficiency measures. In FY2015, DOE transferred TEP from the Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program (WIP) to the new Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs (IE). |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Tribal governments |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Energy efficient technologies: clothes washers; refrigerators/freezers; water heaters; lighting; lighting controls/sensors; chillers; furnaces; boilers; air conditioners; programmable thermostats; energy management; systems/building controls; caulking/weather-stripping; duct/air sealing; building insulation; windows; doors; siding; roofs; comprehensive measures/whole building; and other energy efficiency improvements may be eligible. Renewable energy technologies: passive solar space heat; solar water heat; solar space heat; photovoltaics; wind; biomass; hydroelectric; geothermal electric; geothermal heat pumps |
|
For More Information |
See the Office of Indian Energy Policy and Program's website; National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) report: Tribal Energy Program – Assisting Tribes to Realize Their Energy Visions; and DSIRE's program summary for the Tribal Energy Program. |
|
Administered by |
Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) |
|
Authority |
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) COMPETES Act (P.L. 110-69), Section 5012
|
|
Annual Funding |
$15 million for FY2009 An additional $388.9 million in FY2009 from ARRA $0 for FY2010 $165.6 million for FY2011 $275 million for FY2012 $250.6 million for FY2013 $280 million for FY2014 $280 million for FY2015 $261.7 million for FY2016 $276.8 million for FY2017 $ $ $0 requested for FY2020 and a requested cancellation of $287 million in unobligated balances previously appropriated6 |
|
Scheduled Termination |
After ARPA-E has been in operation for six years, the Secretary of Energy shall offer to enter into a contract with the National Academy of Sciences under which the National Academy shall conduct an evaluation of how well ARPA-E is achieving its goals and mission. The evaluation shall include the recommendation of the National Academy of Sciences on whether ARPA-E should be continued or terminated. |
|
Description |
This program will fund organizations that have proposed sophisticated energy technology R&D projects that (1) translate scientific discoveries and cutting-edge inventions into technological innovations and (2) accelerate transformational technological advances in areas that industry by itself is not likely to undertake because of high technical or financial risk. Transformational energy technologies are those that have the potential to create new paradigms in how energy is produced, transmitted, used, or stored. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
ARPA-E welcomes submissions from any type of capable technology research and development entity. This includes, but is not limited to for-profit entities, academic institutions, research foundations, not-for-profit entities, collaborations, and consortia. Individuals are typically eligible to apply for funding. However, any ARPA-E award funding would need to be made to a business entity formed by the applicant, if selected for award negotiations. The lead organization that will enter into the agreement with ARPA-E must be a U.S. entity. |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Transformational energy technologies |
|
For More Information |
See ARPA-E's Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) website; and program number 81.135 at the beta.SAM.gov website. |
|
Administered by |
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE) |
|
Authority |
Department of Energy Organization Act Energy Security Act National Superconductivity and Competitiveness Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-697) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) |
|
Annual Funding |
$82.8 million for FY2008 $83.1 million for FY2009 An additional $4.5 billion was appropriated to the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability in FY2009 from ARRA. Approximately $4 billion of that total was used to implement smart grid programs authorized by EISA and accelerate the deployment of smart grid technologies across the transmission and distributions systems.7 $121.4 million for FY2010 $138.2 million for FY2011 $136.2 million for FY2012 $129.2 million for FY2013 $144.2 million for FY2014 $144.2 million for FY2015 $178 million for FY2016 $201.1 million for FY2017 $ $ |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
This grant program aims to develop cost-effective technology that enhances the reliability, efficiency, and resiliency of the electric grid. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
State, local, and tribal governments; universities; profit organizations; private nonprofit organizations; research organizations |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Specific technologies not listed |
|
For More Information |
See OE's Technology Development website; and program number 81.122 at the beta.SAM.gov website. |
|
Administered by |
EERE |
|
Authority |
Energy Policy and Conservation Act Energy Conservation and Production Act Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91) National Energy Conservation Policy Act Federal Energy Management Improvement Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-615) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) |
|
Annual Funding |
$
$19.8 million for FY2008 $22 million for FY2009 An additional $22.4 million in FY2009 from ARRA $32 million for FY2010 $30.4 million for FY2011 $29.9 million for FY2012 $28.3 million for FY2013 $28.2 million for FY2014 $27 million for FY2015 $27 million for FY2016 $27 million for FY2017 $ $ |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
FEMP assists federal agencies in developing and implementing energy efficient and renewable energy resources to meet energy management regulations and goals. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Federal agencies |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Energy efficient technologies; solar; wind; incremental hydro; ocean; biomass; geothermal |
|
For More Information |
See EERE's Federal Energy Management Program website |
|
Administered by |
Office of Science |
|
Authority |
Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (P.L. 83-703), Section 31 Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-438), Title I, Section 107 Federal Nonnuclear Energy Research and Development Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-577) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) |
|
Annual Funding |
$974 million for FY2008 $1.4 billion for FY2009 $1.3 billion for FY2010 $1.3 billion for FY2011 $1 billion for FY2012 $965.1 million for FY2013 $1.1 billion for FY2014 $1.1 billion for FY2015 $1.1 billion for FY2016 $1.1 billion for FY2017 (est.) $1.1 billion for FY2018 (est.)
|
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
This program provides financial support for fundamental research in the basic sciences and advanced technology concepts and assessments in fields related to energy. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
State, local, and tribal governments; colleges and universities; profit commercial organizations; private nonprofit organizations; public nonprofit organizations; small businesses |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Specific advanced technologies not listed |
|
For More Information |
See program number 81.049 at the beta.SAM.gov website; and the Office of Science's Funding Opportunities website. |
|
Administered by |
Office of the Chief Financial Officer |
|
Authority |
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58), Title XVII American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (P.L. 111-8) Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011 (P.L. 112-10) |
|
Annual Funding |
Section 1703 Innovative Technology Loan Guarantee Program (permanent) $4.5 million for FY2008 $0 for FY2009 $0 for FY2010 $169.6 million for FY2011 $0 for FY2012 $0 for FY2013 $7.9 million for FY2014 $17 million for FY2015 $17 million for FY2016 $139,000 for FY2017 $ $ Section 1705 Temporary Loan Guarantee Program $0 for FY2008 $6 billion was appropriated for FY2009. However, $2 billion of that funding was transferred to the "cash for clunkers" automobile trade-in program by P.L. 111-47. $0 for FY2010- $0 requested for |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None for the permanent (Section 1703) loan guarantee program. Projects authorized by the temporary loan guarantee (Section 1705) had to begin construction no later than September 30, 2011. |
|
Description |
This program provides federal loan guarantees to encourage early commercial use in the United States of new or significantly improved technologies in energy projects that (1) avoid, reduce, or sequester air pollutants or anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases; and (2) employ new or significantly improved technologies as compared to commercial technologies in service in the United States at the time the guarantee is issued. Temporary loan guarantees were also made under Section 1705 for rapid deployment of certain renewable and electric transmission projects up through September 30, 2011. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
State, local, and tribal governments; universities; profit organizations; public nonprofit organizations. No federal entity may apply . |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Solar thermal electric; solar thermal process heat; photovoltaics; wind; hydroelectric; renewable transportation fuels; geothermal electric; fuel cells; manufacturing facilities; daylighting; tidal energy; wave energy; ocean thermal; biodiesel |
|
For More Information |
See program number 81.126 at the beta.SAM.gov website; DSIRE's program summary for the Loan Guarantee Program; and DOE's Loan Guarantee Program website. |
|
Administered by |
EERE |
|
Authority |
Small Business Innovation Development Act of 1982 (P.L. 97-219) Small Business Research and Development Enhancement Act of 1992 (P.L. 102-564) Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2001 (P.L. 106-554), Appendix I, Title I (Small Business Innovation Research Program Reauthorization Act of 2000) Small Business Technology Transfer Program Reauthorization Act of 2001 (P.L. 107-50) SBIR/STTR Reauthorization Act of 2011 (P.L. 112-81, Div. E, Title L) National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (P.L. 114-328), Div.A, Title XVIII, Section 1834 |
|
Annual Funding |
$24.2 million for FY2011 $29.1 million for FY2012 $26.4 million for FY2013 (SBIR: $23.4 million; STTR: $3 million) $30.8 million for FY2014 (SBIR: $27.4 $28.4 million for FY2015 (SBIR: $25.1 million; STTR: $3.3 million) $30.2 million for FY2016 (SBIR: $26.3 million; STTR: $3.9 million) $45.2 million for FY2017 (SBIR: $38.9 million; STTR: $6.3 million) $ $ |
|
Scheduled Termination |
The |
|
Description |
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfers (STTR) are U.S. government programs in which federal agencies with large research and development (R&D) budgets set aside a small fraction of their funding for competitions among small businesses only. DOE's SBIR-STTR program is designed to stimulate technological innovation by small advanced technology firms and provide new, cost-effective scientific and engineering solutions to challenging problems. EERE funds appropriated for SBIR/STTR are allocated to larger EERE technology programs, detailed earlier in this report, including Biomass, Geothermal, Hydrogen & Fuel Cell, Solar Energy, Water Power, Wind Energy, Advanced Manufacturing, Building Technologies, and Vehicle Technologies. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Small businesses |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Research areas include energy production (fossil, nuclear, renewable, and fusion energy); energy use (in buildings, vehicles, and industry); fundamental energy sciences (materials, life, environmental, and computational sciences, and nuclear and high energy physics); environmental management; and nuclear nonproliferation |
|
For More Information |
See EERE's Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfers (SBIR/STTR) website; and program number 10.212 (SBIR) at the beta.SAM.gov website. |
Please note that tax credits for biofuels and vehicles are covered in detail another CRS Report R42566, Alternative Fuel and Advanced Vehicle Technology Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs, by [author name scrubbed] et al.
|
Administered by |
Internal Revenue Service |
||||||||
|
Authority |
26 U.S.C. §136 | ||||||||
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-188) Grain Standards and Warehouse Improvement Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-472) |
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|
Scheduled Termination
|
$34.8 million for FY2005 $27.8 million for FY2006 $27.8 million for FY2007 $21.3 million for FY2008 $17.5 million for FY2009 $17.5 million for FY2010 $12.0 million for FY2011 $9.5 million for FY2012 $9.2 million for FY2013 $10 million for FY2014 $10 million for FY2015 $10 million for FY2016 $10 million for FY2017 $10 million for FY2018 $10 million for FY2019 No funds requested for FY2020
|
Scheduled Termination
|
None
|
Description
|
This program provides financial assistance to rural communities with extremely high energy costs (exceeding 275% of the national average).
|
Qualified Applicant(s)
|
State, local, and tribal governments (including U.S. territories); for-profit businesses; non-profit businesses; cooperatives; individuals
|
Qualified Technologies Not specifically identified |
None |
|
Description |
Energy conservation subsidies provided by public utilities, either directly or indirectly, are nontaxable: "Gross income shall not include the value of any subsidy provided (directly or indirectly) by a public utility to a customer for the purchase or installation of any energy conservation measure." |
||||||||
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Residential; multi-family residential |
||||||||
|
Qualified Technologies |
Technologies installed to reduce electricity or natural gas consumption or improve the management of energy demand in a dwelling unit, including, but not limited to, solar water heat, solar space heat, photovoltaics, and other energy efficiency technologies not identified. |
||||||||
|
For More Information |
See |
|
Administered by |
Internal Revenue Service |
|
|
Authority |
26 U.S.C. §25C | |
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (EIA; P.L. 110-343) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA, P.L. 112-240) Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-295) Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113) Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123) Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79) Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334)
|
Annual Funding Mandatory: The 2018 farm bill (P.L. 115-334) authorized mandatory funding of $7 million annually for FY2019-FY2023 to remain available until expended. $7 million was appropriated for FY2019. Discretionary: The 2018 farm bill authorized discretionary funding of $20 million annually for FY2019-FY2023. No discretionary funding was appropriated for FY2019. |
|
|
Scheduled Termination |
December 31, 2017 |
|
|
Description |
A 10% credit for energy efficiency improvements to the building envelope of existing homes and capped amounts ($50-$300) for the purchase of specific types of high-efficiency heating, cooling, and water-heating equipment. Efficiency improvements or equipment must have served a dwelling in the United States that is owned and used by the taxpayer as a primary residence. The maximum lifetime amount of homeowner credit for all improvements combined is $500 total. |
|
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Residential |
|
|
Qualified Technologies |
Water heaters; furnace; boilers; heat pumps; air conditioners; building insulation; windows; doors; roofs; circulating fans used in a qualifying furnace; biomass and stoves that use qualified biomass fuel | |
|
For More Information |
See the Internal Revenue Service website, Form 5695 & Instructions: Residential Energy Credits; and CRS Report R42089, Residential Energy Tax Credits: Overview and Analysis, by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed]. |
|
Administered by |
Internal Revenue Service |
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|
Authority |
26 U.S.C. §25D |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113) For More Information See program number 10.867 on the beta.SAM.gov website; USDA program website; CRS In Focus (IF10288), Overview of Bioenergy Programs in the 2018 Farm Bill, by Kelsi Bracmort; and CRS Report R45943, The Farm Bill Energy Title: An Overview and Funding History, by Kelsi Bracmort. Administered by Farm Services Agency (FSA) Authority Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (FSRIA; P.L. 107-171), Title IX Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title IX, Section 9001 created new Section 9011 under FSIRA Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79), Section 9010 |
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|
Scheduled Termination
|
• Mandatory: The 2018 farm bill did not authorize any mandatory annual funding for FY2019-FY2023. Previously, the 2014 farm bill authorized mandatory funding of $25 million annually from FY2014 through FY2018. The FY2015, FY2016, and FY2017 appropriation acts (P.L. 113-235, P.L. 114-113, and P.L. 115-31, respectively) limited mandatory funding to $23 million in FY2015, $3 million in FY2016, and $3 million for FY2017. The FY2018 appropriations act provided no mandatory funding for BCAP. • Discretionary: The 2018 farm bill authorized $25 million in annual discretionary funding for BCAP for FY2019-FY2023. No funding was appropriated for FY2019.
|
Scheduled Termination
|
Funding authorized through FY2023.
|
Description
|
BCAP provides assistance to support the production of eligible biomass crops on land within approved BCAP project areas. In exchange for growing eligible crops, the FSA will provide annual payments through 5- to 15-year contracts. Under these contracts up to 50% of establishment costs may also be provided. FSA will also provide matching payments to eligible material owners at a rate of $1 for each $1 per dry ton paid by a qualified biomass conversion facility. Matching payments may not exceed $20 per ton and are limited to no more than two years per participant.
|
Qualified Applicant(s)
|
Eligible biomass material owners and eligible biomass producers
|
Qualified Technologies
|
Eligible material for a matching payment is renewable biomass, as defined by the 2014 farm bill, with several important exclusions including harvested grains, fiber, or other commodities eligible to receive payments under the Commodity Title (Title I) of the 2014 farm bill. (The residues of these commodities, however, are eligible and may qualify for payment.) Also excluded are: animal waste and animal waste by-products including fats, oils, greases, and manure; food waste and yard waste; and bagasse. Eligible crops include renewable biomass, with the exception of crops eligible to receive a payment under Title I of the 2014 farm bill and plants that are invasive or noxious, or have the potential to become invasive or noxious.
|
For More Information
|
See the USDA BCAP website; CRS Report R41296, Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP): Status and Issues, by Mark A. McMinimy; CRS In Focus (IF10288), Overview of Bioenergy Programs in the 2018 Farm Bill, by Kelsi Bracmort; and CRS Report R45943, The Farm Bill Energy Title: An Overview and Funding History, by Kelsi Bracmort.
|
Administered by
|
Rural Development
|
Authority
|
Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79), Title VI, Section 6205 Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334), Title VI, Section 6303
|
Annual Funding
|
• Mandatory: No mandatory funding has been authorized. • Discretionary: Under the 2014 farm bill, discretionary funding of $75 million was authorized to be appropriated for FY2014-FY2018. The 2018 farm bill extended this authorization of $75 million for FY2019-FY2023. Of this amount, no funding was appropriated for FY2015 and FY2016; $8 million was appropriated annually for FY2016-FY2018; and $10 million was appropriated for FY2019.
|
Scheduled Termination
|
Funding authorized through FY2023.
|
Description
|
The Rural Energy Savings Program provides loans to entities that agree to make affordable loans to help qualified consumers implement durable and cost-effective energy efficiency upgrades or install cost-effective renewable energy or energy storage systems. The 2018 farm bill requires that loans from eligible entities to qualified consumers may not exceed 5% in interest and must be used for certain purposes (e.g., to establish a loan loss reserve).
|
Qualified Applicant(s)
|
Public power entities (public power districts and public utility districts) and rural electric cooperatives that have borrowed, repaid, prepaid, or are paying an electric loan made or guaranteed by the Rural Utilities Service (RUS); or any other entity that is determined eligible for a loan from RUS according to federal regulations (see 7 CFR 1701.101)
|
Qualified Technologies On- or off-grid renewable energy systems; on- or off-grid energy storage systems; cost-effective, commercial technologies to increase energy efficiency Specific renewable energy, energy storage, and energy efficiency technologies not identified |
December 31, 2021 |
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|
Description |
A taxpayer may claim a credit of 30% of qualified expenditures for a system that serves a dwelling unit located in the United States and used as a residence by the taxpayer. A 30% credit for solar energy systems is in place through December 31, 2019, but is reduced over the tax credit's final two years: 26% for 2020 and 22% for 2021. |
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|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Residential |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Qualified Technologies |
Solar electric (including photovoltaics); solar water heating; small wind; fuel cells; geothermal heat pumps |
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|
For More Information |
See IRS Form 5695: Residential Energy Credits; IRS Form 5695 Instructions; and CRS Report R42089, Residential Energy Tax Credits: Overview and Analysis, by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed]. |
|
Administered by |
Internal Revenue Service |
|
Authority |
26 U.S.C §48 |
|
Energy Tax Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-618) Windfall Profit Tax Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-223) Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA86; P.L. 99-514) Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-647) Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-239) Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-508) Tax Extension Act of 1991 (P.L. 102-227) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (P.L. 102-486) Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (EISA; P.L. 110-343) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113) Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123) |
|
|
Scheduled Termination |
December 31, 2021, for hybrid (fiber-optic) solar lighting, fuel cells, small wind systems; combined heat and power systems (CHP), microturbines, and geothermal heat pump systems; December 31, 2017, for non-wind PTC-eligible property December 31, 2019, for large wind energy systems; |
|
Description |
Credit is 30% for hybrid (fiber-optic) solar lighting, fuel cells, and small wind energy systems, reduced to 22% in 2020 before expiring on December 31, 2021; 30% for solar energy systems through December 31, 2019, reduced to 26% in 2020 and 22% in 2021. 10% credit for solar energy after 2021; 10% for geothermal electric (no termination); 10% for microturbines, and CHP until December 31, 2021; Technologies eligible for the Production Tax Credit (PTC) are eligible to opt for the ITC in lieu of the PTC if construction commenced prior to January 1, 2018. As of January 1, 2018, only wind energy systems are eligible to claim the ITC in lieu of the PTC. 24% credit for large wind systems for 2017, gradually reducing each year to 12% in 2019 when the credit ends (December 31, 2019). |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Commercial; industrial; utilities; agricultural |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Solar energy (solar water heat; solar space heat; solar thermal electric; solar thermal process heat; photovoltaics); hybrid (fiber-optic) solar lighting; small wind; large wind; biomass; fuel cells; geothermal (electric, heat pumps, direct-use); CHP/Cogeneration; microturbines |
|
For More Information |
See IRS Form 3468 (Investment Credit); and CRS In Focus IF10479, The Energy Credit: An Investment Tax Credit for Renewable Energy, by [author name scrubbed]. |
|
Administered by |
Internal Revenue Service |
|
Authority |
26 U.S.C. §179D |
|
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-432) Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343) Tax Increase Prevention Act (P.L. 113-295) Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113) Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123) |
|
|
Scheduled Termination |
December 31, 2017 |
|
Description |
A tax deduction of $1.80 per square foot is available to owners of new or existing buildings who install (1) interior lighting, (2) building envelope, or (3) heating, cooling, ventilation, or hot water systems that reduce the building's total energy and power cost by 50% or more in comparison to a building meeting minimum requirements set by ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007. Energy savings must be calculated using qualified computer software approved by the IRS. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Commercial; builder/developer; state government; federal government (deductions associated with government buildings are transferred to the designer) |
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Qualified Technologies |
Equipment insulation; water heaters; lighting; lighting controls/sensors; chillers; furnaces; boilers; heat pumps; air conditioners; caulking/weather-stripping; duct/air sealing; building insulation; windows; doors; siding; roofs; comprehensive measures/whole building |
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For More Information |
See DOE's 179D Commercial Buildings Energy Efficiency Tax Deduction webpage; IRS Notice 2006-52 (original interim guidance); IRS Notice 2008-40 (clarification of rules set in Notice 2006-52); IRS Notice 2012-26 (modification of Notice 2008-40); the Commercial Building Tax Deduction Coalition FAQ webpage; and Energy Savings Modeling and Inspection Guidelines for Commercial Building Federal Tax Deductions (2007) by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). |
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Administered by |
Internal Revenue Service |
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Authority |
26 U.S.C. §45L |
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Tax Technical Corrections Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-172) Energy Improvement and Extension Act (EIA; P.L. 110-343) Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-312) American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA, P.L. 112-240) Tax Increase Prevention Act (P.L. 113-295) Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113) Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123) |
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Scheduled Termination |
December 31, 2017 |
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Description |
This program provided tax credits of up to $2,000 for builders of all new energy-efficient homes, including manufactured homes constructed in accordance with the Federal Manufactured Homes Construction and Safety Standards. |
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Qualified Applicant(s) |
Builder/developer |
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Qualified Technologies |
Comprehensive measures/whole building |
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For More Information |
See IRS Form 8908 (Energy Efficient Home Credit). |
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Administered by |
Internal Revenue Service |
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Authorizing Statute(s) |
26 U.S.C. §45 |
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Internal Revenue Code |
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-170) Job Creation and Worker Assistance Act (P.L. 107-147) Working Families Tax Relief Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-311) American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-357) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-432) Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA, P.L. 112-240) Tax Increase Prevention Act (P.L. 113-295) Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113) Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123) |
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Scheduled Termination |
December 31, 2019, for wind energy facilities; December 31, 2017, for all other technologies |
|
Description |
The federal renewable electricity Production Tax Credit (PTC) is a per-kilowatt-hour tax credit for electricity generated by qualified energy resources and sold by the taxpayer to an unrelated person during the taxable year. The duration of the credit is 10 years after the date the facility is placed in service for all facilities placed in service after August 8, 2005; unused credits may be carried forward for up to 20 years following the year they were generated or carried back one year if the taxpayer files an amended return. P.L. 114-113 extended the expiration date for this tax credit to December 31, 2019, for wind facilities commencing construction, with a phase-down beginning for wind projects commencing construction after December 31, 2016. P.L. 115-123 extended the tax credit for other eligible renewable energy technologies commencing construction through December 31, 2017. |
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Qualified Applicant(s) |
Commercial; industrial |
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Qualified Technologies |
Landfill gas; wind; biomass; hydroelectric; geothermal electric; municipal solid waste; hydrokinetic power (i.e., flowing water); anaerobic digestion; small hydroelectric; tidal energy; wave energy; ocean thermal |
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For More Information |
See IRS Notice 2016-31; CRS Report R43453, The Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit: In Brief, by [author name scrubbed]. |
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Administered by |
Internal Revenue Service |
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Authority |
26 U.S.C. §168 26 U.S.C. §48 |
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Tax Reform Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-514) American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA, P.L. 112-240) Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-295) Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113) |
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Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
Under MACRS, businesses may recover investments in certain property through depreciation deductions. The MACRS establishes a set of class lives for various types of property, ranging from 3 to 50 years, over which the property may be depreciated. A number of renewable energy technologies are classified as five-year property (26 U.S.C. 168(e)(3)(B)(vi)) under MACRS. P.L. 114-113, signed in December 2015, extended the "placed in service" deadline for bonus depreciation. Equipment placed in service before January 1, 2018, can qualify for 50% bonus depreciation; during 2018, for 40% and during 2019, for 30%. |
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Qualified Applicant(s) |
Commercial; industrial |
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Qualified Technologies |
Solar water heat; solar space heat; solar thermal electric; solar thermal process heat; photovoltaics; landfill gas; wind; biomass; renewable transportation fuels; geothermal electric; fuel cells; geothermal heat pumps; municipal solid waste; CHP/cogeneration; solar hybrid lighting; direct use geothermal; anaerobic digestion; microturbines |
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For More Information |
See IRS Publication 946, IRS Form 4562: Depreciation and Amortization, and Instructions for Form 4562. |
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Administered by |
Rural Development |
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|
Authority |
Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (P.L. 74-605) Grain Standards and Warehouse Improvement Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-472) |
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Annual Funding |
$34.8 million for FY2005 $27.8 million for FY2006 $27.8 million for FY2007 $21.3 million for FY2008 $17.5 million for FY2009 $17.5 million for FY2010 $12.0 million for FY2011 $9.5 million for FY2012 $9.2 million for FY2013 $10 million for FY2014 $10 million for FY2015 $10 million for FY2016 $10 million for FY2017 $10 million for FY2018 No funds requested for FY2019 |
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|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
|
Description |
This program provides financial assistance to rural communities with extremely high energy costs (exceeding 275% of the national average). |
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Qualified Applicant(s) |
State, local, and tribal governments (including U.S. territories); for-profit businesses; non-profit businesses; cooperatives; individuals |
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Qualified Technologies |
Not specifically identified |
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For More Information |
For More Information |
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Administered by |
Rural Development |
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Authority |
Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110- 7526 Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79), Title VII, Sections 7128, 7516
Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334), Title IX, Sections 7414, 7614 Annual Funding • Mandatory: No mandatory funding has been authorized. • Discretionary: Under the previous 2008 and 2014 farm bills, discretionary funding of $75 million was authorized to be appropriated for FY2008-FY2018. The 2018 farm bill extended this authorization of $75 million for FY2019-FY2023. Of this amount, $2.5 million was appropriated in FY2015 and FY2016, and $3 million was appropriated for FY2017-FY2019. Scheduled Termination Funding authorized through FY2023. Description The Sun Grant Initiative (SGI) is a national network of land-grant universities and federally funded laboratories coordinated through six regional Sun Grant centers. The centers receive funding to enhance national energy security using biobased energy technologies, to promote diversification and environmental sustainability of agricultural production through biobased energy and product technologies, to promote economic diversification in rural areas through biobased energy and product technologies, and to enhance the efficiency of bioenergy and biomass research and development programs.21 Competitive grants are available to land-grant schools within each region to be used toward integrated, multistate research, extension, and education programs on technology development and implementation. The combined six regions and subregions, covering all 50 states and U.S. territories are: North-Central Region, Northeastern Region, Southeastern Region, South-Central Region, Western Region, and the Western Insular Pacific Subcenter Region. Qualified Applicant(s) Colleges and universities: specifically, eligible applicants must represent a consortium of 1862, 1890, and 1994 land-grant universities made up of one university from each of the (six) sun grant regions and subregion. Qualified Technologies Biomass; biofuels; biobased products For More Information See the program website; program number 10.320 at the beta.Sam.gov website; CRS In Focus (IF10288), Overview of Bioenergy Programs in the 2018 Farm Bill, by Kelsi Bracmort; and CRS Report R45943, The Farm Bill Energy Title: An Overview and Funding History, by Kelsi Bracmort. Administered by National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; and other appropriate agencies Authority Food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-624) Food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act Amendments of 1991 (P.L. 102-237) Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-127) Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246) Annual Funding $12.5 million for FY2006 $12.4 million for FY2007 $9.1 million for FY2008 $14.5 million for FY2009 $14.5 million for FY2010 $19.2 million for FY2011 $13.5 million for FY2012 $19.3 million for FY2013 $22.7 million for FY2014 $23 million for FY2015 $25 million for FY2016 $27 million for FY2017 $27 million for FY2018 (est.) $37 million for FY2019 $19 million requested for FY2020 Scheduled Termination None Description The purpose of the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program (SARE) is, in part, to encourage research designed to increase our knowledge concerning agricultural production systems that conserve soil, water, energy, natural resources, and fish and wildlife habitat. SARE provides grants through the agricultural bioenergy feedstock and energy efficiency research and extension initiative for projects with the purpose of enhancing the production of biomass energy crops and the energy efficiency of agricultural operations. Qualified Applicant(s) Federal and state governments; colleges and universities; state agricultural experiment stations; state cooperative extension services; nonprofit organizations; individuals with demonstrable expertise Qualified Technologies Biomass; biofuels; other technologies not identified. For More Information See program number 10.215 at the beta.SAM.gov website; and CRS Report R41985, Renewable Energy Programs and the Farm Bill: Status and Issues, by Randy Schnepf. Please note that tax credits for biofuels and vehicles are covered in detail another CRS Report R42566, Alternative Fuel and Advanced Vehicle Technology Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs, by Lynn J. Cunningham et al. Administered by Internal Revenue Service Authority 26 U.S.C. §136 Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-188) Scheduled Termination None Description Energy conservation subsidies provided by public utilities, either directly or indirectly, are nontaxable: "Gross income shall not include the value of any subsidy provided (directly or indirectly) by a public utility to a customer for the purchase or installation of any energy conservation measure." Qualified Applicant(s) Residential; multi-family residential Qualified Technologies Technologies installed to reduce electricity or natural gas consumption or improve the management of energy demand in a dwelling unit, including, but not limited to, solar water heat, solar space heat, photovoltaics, and other energy efficiency technologies not identified. For More Information See Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Publication 525 (2018), Taxable and Nontaxable Income. Administered by Internal Revenue Service Authority 26 U.S.C. §25C Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (EIA; P.L. 110-343) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA, P.L. 112-240) Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-295) Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113) Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123) Scheduled Termination December 31, 2017 Description A 10% credit for energy efficiency improvements to the building envelope of existing homes and capped amounts ($50-$300) for the purchase of specific types of high-efficiency heating, cooling, and water-heating equipment. Efficiency improvements or equipment must have served a dwelling in the United States that is owned and used by the taxpayer as a primary residence. For purchases made in 2011-2017, the maximum lifetime amount of homeowner credit for all improvements combined is $500 total. For purchases made in 2009 or 2010, the maximum amount of homeowner credit was $1,500 total. Qualified Applicant(s) Residential Qualified Technologies Water heaters; furnaces; boilers; heat pumps; air conditioners; building insulation; windows; doors; roofs; circulating fans used in a qualifying furnace; biomass and stoves that use qualified biomass fuel For More Information See IRS Form 5695: Residential Energy Credits; IRS Form 5695 Instructions; and CRS Report R42089, Residential Energy Tax Credits: Overview and Analysis, by Margot L. Crandall-Hollick and Molly F. Sherlock. Administered by Internal Revenue Service Authority 26 U.S.C. §25D Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113) Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123) Scheduled Termination December 31, 2021 Description A taxpayer may claim a credit of 30% of qualified expenditures for a system that serves a dwelling unit located in the United States and is used as a residence by the taxpayer. A 30% credit for solar energy systems is in place through December 31, 2019, but is reduced over the tax credit's final two years: 26% for 2020 and 22% for 2021. Qualified Applicant(s) Residential Qualified Technologies Solar electric (including photovoltaics); solar water heating; small wind; fuel cells; geothermal heat pumps For More Information See IRS Form 5695: Residential Energy Credits; IRS Form 5695 Instructions; and CRS Report R42089, Residential Energy Tax Credits: Overview and Analysis, by Margot L. Crandall-Hollick and Molly F. Sherlock. Administered by Internal Revenue Service Authority 26 U.S.C §48 Energy Tax Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-618) Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-223) Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA86; P.L. 99-514) Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-647) Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-239) Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-508) Tax Extension Act of 1991 (P.L. 102-227) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (P.L. 102-486) Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (EISA; P.L. 110-343) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113) Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123) Scheduled Termination December 31, 2021, for hybrid (fiber-optic) solar lighting, fuel cells, small wind systems, combined heat and power systems (CHP), microturbines, and geothermal heat pump systems December 31, 2019, for large wind energy systems December 31, 2017, for non-wind PTC-eligible property Description Credit is 30% for hybrid (fiber-optic) solar lighting, fuel cells, and small wind energy systems, reduced to 22% in 2020 before expiring on December 31, 2021; 30% for solar energy systems through December 31, 2019, reduced to 26% in 2020 and 22% in 2021. 10% credit for solar energy after 2021; 10% for geothermal electric (no termination); 10% for microturbines, and CHP until December 31, 2021; Technologies eligible for the Production Tax Credit (PTC) are eligible to opt for the ITC in lieu of the PTC if construction commenced prior to January 1, 2018. As of January 1, 2018, only wind energy systems are eligible to claim the ITC in lieu of the PTC. 24% credit for large wind systems for 2017, gradually reducing each year to 12% in 2019 when the credit ends (December 31, 2019). Qualified Applicant(s) Commercial; industrial; utilities; agricultural Qualified Technologies Solar energy (solar water heat; solar space heat; solar thermal electric; solar thermal process heat; photovoltaics); hybrid (fiber-optic) solar lighting; small wind; large wind; biomass; fuel cells; geothermal (electric, heat pumps, direct-use); CHP/Cogeneration; microturbines For More Information See IRS Form 3468 (Investment Credit); and CRS In Focus IF10479, The Energy Credit: An Investment Tax Credit for Renewable Energy, by Molly F. Sherlock. Administered by Internal Revenue Service Authority 26 U.S.C. §179D Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-432) Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343) Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-295) Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113) Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123) Scheduled Termination December 31, 2017 Description A tax deduction of $1.80 per square foot is available to owners of new or existing buildings who install (1) interior lighting, (2) building envelope, or (3) heating, cooling, ventilation, or hot water systems that reduce the building's total energy and power cost by 50% or more in comparison to a building meeting minimum requirements set by ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007. Energy savings must be calculated using qualified computer software approved by the IRS. Qualified Applicant(s) Commercial; builder/developer; state government; federal government (deductions associated with government buildings are transferred to the designer) Qualified Technologies Equipment insulation; water heaters; lighting; lighting controls/sensors; chillers; furnaces; boilers; heat pumps; air conditioners; caulking/weather-stripping; duct/air sealing; building insulation; windows; doors; siding; roofs; comprehensive measures/whole building For More Information See DOE's 179D Commercial Buildings Energy Efficiency Tax Deduction web page; IRS Notice 2006-52 (original interim guidance); IRS Notice 2008-40 (clarification of rules set in Notice 2006-52); IRS Notice 2012-26 (modification of Notice 2008-40); the Commercial Building Tax Deduction Coalition FAQ web page; and Energy Savings Modeling and Inspection Guidelines for Commercial Building Federal Tax Deductions in 2016 or Later (September 2016) by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Administered by Internal Revenue Service Authority 26 U.S.C. §45L Tax Technical Corrections Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-172) Energy Improvement and Extension Ac of 2008 (EIEA; P.L. 110-343) Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-312) American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA, P.L. 112-240) Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-295) Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113) Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123) Scheduled Termination December 31, 2017 Description This program provided tax credits of up to $2,000 for builders of all new energy-efficient homes, including manufactured homes constructed in accordance with the Federal Manufactured Homes Construction and Safety Standards. Qualified Applicant(s) Builder/developer Qualified Technologies Comprehensive measures/whole building For More Information See IRS Form 8908 (Energy Efficient Home Credit). Administered by Internal Revenue Service Authorizing Statute(s) 26 U.S.C. §45 Internal Revenue Code Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-170) Job Creation and Worker Assistance Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-147) Working Families Tax Relief Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-311) American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-357) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-432) Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA, P.L. 112-240) Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-295) Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113) Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123) Scheduled Termination December 31, 2019, for wind energy facilities; December 31, 2017, for all other technologies Description The federal renewable electricity Production Tax Credit (PTC) is a per-kilowatt-hour tax credit for electricity generated by qualified energy resources and sold by the taxpayer to an unrelated person during the taxable year. The duration of the credit is 10 years after the date the facility is placed in service for all facilities placed in service after August 8, 2005; unused credits may be carried forward for up to 20 years following the year they were generated or carried back one year if the taxpayer files an amended return. P.L. 114-113 extended the expiration date for this tax credit to December 31, 2019, for wind facilities commencing construction, with a phase-down beginning for wind projects commencing construction after December 31, 2016. P.L. 115-123 extended the tax credit for other eligible renewable energy technologies commencing construction through December 31, 2017. Qualified Applicant(s) Commercial; industrial Qualified Technologies Landfill gas; wind; biomass; hydroelectric; geothermal electric; municipal solid waste; hydrokinetic power (i.e., flowing water); anaerobic digestion; small hydroelectric; tidal energy; wave energy; ocean thermal For More Information See IRS Notice 2016-31; CRS Report R43453, The Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit: In Brief, by Molly F. Sherlock. Administered by Internal Revenue Service Authority 26 U.S.C. §168 26 U.S.C. §48 Tax Reform Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-514) American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA, P.L. 112-240) Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-295) Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113) Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (P.L. 115-97) Scheduled Termination None Description Under MACRS, businesses may recover investments in certain property through depreciation deductions. The MACRS establishes a set of class lives for various types of property, ranging from 3 to 50 years, over which the property may be depreciated. A number of renewable energy technologies are classified as five-year property (26 U.S.C. 168(e)(3)(B)(vi)) under MACRS. P.L. 115-97, signed in December 2017, extended the "placed in service" deadline for bonus depreciation. Equipment placed in service after September 2017 and before January 1, 2023 can qualify for 100% bonus deprecation; for equipment placed in service during the period covering 2023 through 2026, bonus depreciation reduces 20% each year: 80% for 2023, 60% for 2024, 40% for 2025, and 20% for 2026.22 Qualified Applicant(s) Commercial; industrial Qualified Technologies Solar water heat; solar space heat; solar thermal electric; solar thermal process heat; photovoltaics; landfill gas; wind; biomass; renewable transportation fuels; geothermal electric; fuel cells; geothermal heat pumps; municipal solid waste; CHP/cogeneration; solar hybrid lighting; direct use geothermal; anaerobic digestion; microturbines For More Information See IRS Publication 946, IRS Form 4562: Depreciation and Amortization, and Instructions for Form 4562. Administered by Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA); Division of Energy and Mineral Development (DEMD) Authority Snyder Act of 1921 (P.L. 67-85), 25 U.S.C. 13 Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (P.L. 93-638), 25 U.S.C. 450 Indian Mineral Development Act of 1982 (P.L. 97-382), 25 U.S.C. 2101 et seq. Umatilla Basin Project Act (P.L. 100-557), 16 U.S.C. 1271 et seq. Annual Funding $12.972 million for FY2010 $12.87 million for FY2011 $12.7 million for FY2012 $12 million for FY2013 $9.62 million for FY2014 $5.14 million for FY2015 $6 million for FY2016 No data available for FY2017-FY2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Annual Funding |
Mandatory: The 2014 farm bill (P.L. 113-79) authorized mandatory funding of $15 million annually for FY2014-FY2018 to remain available until expended. Congress then lowered funding authority for FY2014 by $8 million through the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-76). The 2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246) authorized mandatory CCC16 funding of $55 million for FY2009; $55 million for FY2010; $85 million for FY2011; and $105 million for FY2012 to remain available until expended. P.L. 112-55 limited mandatory spending to $65 million for FY2012. With the expiration of mandatory funding, the program effectively ceased to operate after FY2012. It subsequently was reauthorized in the 2014 farm bill (P.L. 113-79). Discretionary: Discretionary funding of $20 million annually for FY2014-FY2018 was authorized to be appropriated under the 2014 farm bill, whereas under the 2008 farm bill $25 million annually was authorized to be appropriated for FY2009-FY2013. However, no discretionary funding has been appropriated for the Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels through FY2018. |
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Scheduled Termination |
Mandatory funding authorized through FY2018. |
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Description |
To support and ensure an expanding production of advanced biofuels by providing payments to eligible advanced biofuel producers. |
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Qualified Applicant(s) |
Eligible advanced biofuels producers |
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Qualified Technologies |
Payments will be made to eligible advanced biofuel producers for the production of fuel derived from renewable biomass, other than corn kernel starch, to include biofuel derived from cellulose, hemicellulose, or lignin; biofuel derived from sugar and starch (other than ethanol derived from corn kernel starch); biofuel derived from waste material, including crop residue, other vegetative waste material, animal waste, food waste, and yard waste; diesel-equivalent fuel derived from renewable biomass, including vegetable oil and animal fat; biogas (including landfill gas and sewage waste treatment gas) produced through the conversion of organic matter from renewable biomass; butanol or other alcohols produced through the conversion of organic matter from renewable biomass; and other fuel derived from cellulosic biomass |
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For More Information |
See program number 10.867 on the beta.SAM.gov website; USDA program website; and CRS Report R43416, Energy Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill: Status and Funding, by [author name scrubbed]. |
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Administered by |
Farm Services Agency (FSA) |
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Authority |
Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (FSRIA; P.L. 107-171), Title IX Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title IX, Section 9001 created new Section 9011 under FSIRA Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79), Section 9010 |
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Annual Funding |
• Mandatory: The 2014 farm bill authorized mandatory funding of $25 million annually from FY2014 through FY2018. The FY2015, FY2016, and FY2017 appropriation acts (P.L. 113-235, P.L. 114-113, and P.L. 115-31, respectively) limited mandatory funding to $23 million in FY2015, $3 million in FY2016, and $3 million for FY2017. The FY2018 appropriations act provides no mandatory funding for BCAP. Under the 2008 farm bill, P.L. 110-246, Congress provided a mandatory funding authorization of "such sums as necessary" (SSAN) for FY2009-FY2012. The Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-212) limited mandatory spending on BCAP by allowing no more than $552 million in FY2010 and $432 million in FY2011. The Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011 (P.L. 112-10), further reduced BCAP funding for FY2011 to $112 million. The Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act for FY2012 (P.L. 112-55), limited BCAP mandatory spending to $17 million. No new mandatory funding was included for BCAP under ATRA. • Discretionary: Under ATRA discretionary funding of $20 million was authorized to be appropriated for FY2013. Actual outlays for FY2013 were $9 million; No other discretionary funding has been authorized. • For more on these changes in mandatory program spending, see archived CRS Report R41245, Reductions in Mandatory Agriculture Program Spending, by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed]. For more information on the 2010 supplemental, see CRS Report R41255, FY2010 Supplemental Appropriations for Agriculture, by [author name scrubbed]. |
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Scheduled Termination |
Funding authorized through FY2018 |
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Description |
BCAP provides assistance to support the production of eligible biomass crops on land within approved BCAP project areas. In exchange for growing eligible crops, the FSA will provide annual payments through 5- to 15-year contracts. Under these contracts up to 50% of establishment costs may also be provided. FSA will also provide matching payments to eligible material owners at a rate of $1 for each $1 per dry ton paid by a qualified biomass conversion facility. Matching payments may not exceed $20 per ton and are limited to no more than two years per participant. |
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Qualified Applicant(s) |
Eligible biomass material owners and eligible biomass producers |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Eligible material for a matching payment is renewable biomass, as defined by the 2008 farm bill, with several important exclusions including harvested grains, fiber, or other commodities eligible to receive payments under the Commodity Title (Title I) of the 2008 farm bill. (The residues of these commodities, however, are eligible and may qualify for payment.) Also excluded are: animal waste and animal waste by-products including fats, oils, greases, and manure; food waste and yard waste; and algae and bagasse. Eligible crops include renewable biomass, with the exception of crops eligible to receive a payment under Title I of the 2008 farm bill and plants that are invasive or noxious, or have the potential to become invasive or noxious. Algae are an eligible crop, but not an eligible material; thus, algae may qualify for annual and/or establishment payments but not matching payments. |
|
For More Information |
See the USDA BCAP website; CRS Report R41296, Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP): Status and Issues, by [author name scrubbed]; and CRS Report R43416, Energy Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill: Status and Funding, by [author name scrubbed]. |
|
Administered by |
Rural Development |
|
Authority |
Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title IX, Section 9003 created the Biorefinery Assistance Program Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79, Title IX, Section 9003) amended and renamed the program as the Biorefinery, Renewable Chemical and Biobased Product Manufacturing Assistance Program |
|
Annual Funding |
• Mandatory: Under the 2014 farm bill, mandatory CCC funding of $100 million in FY2014 and $50 million each for FY2015 and FY2016 (to remain available until expended) was authorized for loan guarantees. Thus, there is no new baseline funding after FY2016 except for carryover. Funding for grants is eliminated. Also, P.L. 113-79 directed USDA to ensure diversity in types of projects approved, and capped the funds used for loan guarantees to promote biobased product manufacturing at 15% of the total available mandatory funds. Congress rescinded $40.7 million of funds available to the program for FY2014 under the Agricultural Appropriations Act for 2014, (P.L. 113-76). For FY2015 and FY2106, Congress limited funding, respectively, to $30 million and $27 million under the Consolidated Appropriations Acts for 2015 (P.L. 113-235) and 2016 (P.L. 114-113). Under the 2008 farm bill, mandatory funding amounted to $75 million for FY2009; $245 million for FY2010; and $0 for FY2011 and FY2012. Any mandatory funding unspent from the FY2010 allocation of $245 million was to be available for use in FY2013. • Discretionary: Funds of $75 million annually are authorized to be appropriated for FY2014-FY2018. For FY2009-FY2013, $150 million was authorized to be appropriated annually. No discretionary funding has been appropriated for this program through FY2018. |
|
Scheduled Termination |
Funding authorized through FY2018 |
|
Description |
The purpose is to assist in the development of new and emerging technologies for the development of advanced biofuels, so as to increase the energy independence of the United States; promote resource conservation, public health, and the environment; diversify markets for agricultural and forestry products and agriculture waste material; and create jobs and enhance the economic development of the rural economy. Loan guarantees are made to fund the development, construction, and retrofitting of commercial-scale biorefineries using eligible technology. The maximum loan guarantee is $250 million. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Individuals; tribal entities; state government entities; local government entities; corporations; farm cooperatives; farmer cooperative organizations; associations of agricultural producers; national laboratories; institutions of higher education; rural electric cooperatives; public power entities; consortia of any of the previous entities |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Technologies being adopted in a viable commercial-scale operation of a biorefinery that produces an advanced biofuel; and technologies that have been demonstrated to have technical and economic potential for commercial application in a biorefinery that produces an advanced biofuel |
|
For More Information |
See the USDA program website; program number 10.865 at the beta.SAM.gov website; and CRS Report R43416, Energy Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill: Status and Funding, by [author name scrubbed]. |
|
Administered by |
Forest Service |
|
Authority |
Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title IX, Section 9013 Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79), Title IX, Section 9012 |
|
Annual Funding |
• Mandatory: No mandatory funding has been authorized. • Discretionary: Discretionary funding of $5 million annually was authorized to be appropriated for FY2014-FY2018 under the 2014 farm bill, but no funds have been appropriated through FY2018. For FY2009-FY2013, Congress also authorized to be appropriated $5 million annually. The Forest Service was awarded $49 million in funding from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA, P.L. 111-5) for wood-to-energy projects, and the appropriations committee reports in FY2010 and FY2011 directed the use of $5 million in hazardous fuels funds for biomass energy projects. Under the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-240), discretionary funding of $15 million was authorized to be appropriated for FY2013, but the program did not receive an appropriation. |
|
Scheduled Termination |
Funding authorized through FY2018 |
|
Description |
Grants awarded for systems smaller than 5 million Btu per hour for heating (or 2 megawatts) for electric power production as directed by statute. At least a 50% match is required from non-federal funds for grants. Grant awards are limited to $50,000 by statute. The 2014 farm bill extended the program through FY2018 and defined a Biomass Consumer Cooperative and authorized grants of up to $50,000 to be made to establish or expand biomass consumer cooperatives that will provide consumers with services or discounts relating to the purchase of biomass heating systems or products (including their delivery and storage). The law also required that any biomass consumer cooperative that receives a grant must match at least the equivalent of 50% of the funds toward the establishment or expansion of a biomass consumer cooperative. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
State and local governments |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Biomass |
|
For More Information |
|
Administered by |
Rural Development |
|
Authority |
Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title IX, Section 9004 Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79). Title IX, Section 9004 |
|
Annual Funding |
• Mandatory: Under the 2014 farm bill, mandatory funding of $12 million for FY2014 was authorized, to remain available until expended (i.e., no new baseline funding after FY2014). For FY2015, Congress reduced available funds by $8 million through the FY2015 agricultural appropriations act, P.L. 113-235. Under the agricultural appropriations act for FY2013 (P.L. 113-6), Congress directed that funds available for this program be reduced by $28 million. Under the 2008 farm bill (P.L. 113-79) mandatory funding of $35 million for FY2009, was authorized to remain available until expended. • Discretionary: The 2014 farm bill authorized discretionary funding of $10 million annually to be appropriated for FY2014-FY2018, but no discretionary funding has been appropriated through FY2018. Discretionary funding of $15 million annually for FY2009-FY2013 was authorized to be appropriated under the 2008 farm bill and the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA; P.L. 112-240, §701) extension; of this amount, $15 million was appropriated in FY2010 through FY2013. |
|
Scheduled Termination |
Authorized through FY2018 |
|
Description |
The Repowering Assistance Program (RAP) makes payments to eligible biorefineries (those in existence on the date of enactment of the 2008 farm bill, June 18, 2008) to encourage the use of renewable biomass as a replacement for fossil fuels used to provide heat for processing or power in the operation of these eligible biorefineries. Not more than 5% of the funds shall be made available to eligible producers with a refining capacity exceeding 150 million gallons of advanced biofuel per year. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Eligible biorefinery. The biorefinery must have been in existence on or before June 18, 2008. |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Renewable biomass |
|
For More Information |
See program number 10.866 on the beta.SAM.gov website; the USDA program website; and CRS Report R43416, Energy Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill: Status and Funding, by [author name scrubbed]. |
|
Administered by |
Rural Development |
|
Authority |
Food Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title IX, Section 9007 Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79), Title IX, Section 9007 |
|
Annual Funding |
• Mandatory: Under the 2014 farm bill, mandatory funds of $50 million are authorized for FY2014 and each fiscal year thereafter (thus REAP's mandatory funding authority does not expire with the 2014 farm bill). Mandatory funds are to remain available until expended. Under the 2008 farm bill, Congress authorized mandatory funds of $55 million in FY2009, $60 million in FY2010, and $70 million each in FY2011 and FY2012. The FY2012 Agricultural Appropriations Act (P.L. 112-55) limited REAP mandatory spending to $22 million. • Discretionary: Under the 2014 farm bill, discretionary funding of $20 million annually was authorized to be appropriated for FY2014-FY2018; of this amount, $3.5 million was appropriated for FY2014, $1.35 million for FY2015, $0.5 million for FY2016, $352,000 for FY2017, and $293,000 for FY2018. Under the 2008 farm bill, $25 million was authorized to be appropriated annually for FY2009-FY2013. Actual discretionary appropriations have been $5 million in FY2009, $39.3 million in FY2010, $5 million in FY2011, $3.4 million in FY2012 and in FY2013; $3.5 million in FY2014; and $1.35 million in FY2015. |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
REAP promotes energy efficiency and renewable energy for agricultural producers and rural small businesses through the use of (1) grants and loan guarantees for energy efficiency improvements (EEI) and renewable energy systems (RES), and (2) grants for energy audits and renewable energy development assistance. The 2014 farm bill added new funding and a three-tiered application process with separate application processes for grants and loan guarantees for RES and EEI projects based on the project cost. It also excluded the use of REAP funds for installing retail energy dispensing equipment, such as blender pumps. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Commercial; schools; state, local, and tribal governments; rural electric cooperatives; agricultural; public power entities |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Solar water heat; solar space heat; solar thermal electric; photovoltaics; wind; biomass; hydroelectric; renewable transportation fuels; geothermal electric; geothermal heat pumps; CHP/cogeneration; hydrogen; direct-use geothermal; anaerobic digestion; small hydroelectric; tidal energy; wave energy; ocean thermal; renewable fuels; fuel cells using renewable fuels; microturbines. Specific energy efficiency technologies not identified. |
|
For More Information |
See the program website and CRS Report R43416, Energy Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill: Status and Funding, by [author name scrubbed]. |
|
Administered by |
National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; and other appropriate agencies |
|
Authority |
Food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-624) Food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act Amendments of 1991 (P.L. 102-237) Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-127) Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246) |
|
Annual Funding |
$12.5 million for FY2006 $12.4 million for FY2007 $9.1 million for FY2008 $14.5 million for FY2009 $14.5 million for FY2010 $19.2 million for FY2011 $13.5 million for FY2012 $19.3 million for FY2013 $22.7 million for FY2014 $23 million for FY2015 $25 million for FY2016 $27 million for FY2017 $27 million for FY2018 (est.) $19 million requested for FY2019 |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
The purpose of the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program (SARE) is, in part, to encourage research designed to increase our knowledge concerning agricultural production systems that conserve soil, water, energy, natural resources, and fish and wildlife habitat. SARE provides grants through the agricultural bioenergy feedstock and energy efficiency research and extension initiative for projects with the purpose of enhancing the production of biomass energy crops and the energy efficiency of agricultural operations. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Federal and state governments; colleges and universities; state agricultural experiment stations; state cooperative extension services; nonprofit organizations; individuals with demonstrable expertise |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Biomass; biofuels; other technologies not identified. |
|
For More Information |
See program number 10.215 at the beta.SAM.gov website; and CRS Report R41985, Renewable Energy Programs and the Farm Bill: Status and Issues, by [author name scrubbed]. |
|
Administered by |
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA); Division of Energy and Mineral Development (DEMD) |
|
Authority |
Snyder Act of 1921 (P.L. 67-85), 25 U.S.C. 13 Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (P.L. 93-638), 25 U.S.C. 450 Indian Mineral Development Act (P.L. 97-382), 25 U.S.C. 2101 et seq. Umatilla Basin Project Act (P.L. 100-557), 16 U.S.C. 1271 et seq. |
|
Annual Funding |
$12.972 million for FY2010 $12.87 million for FY2011 $12.7 million for FY2012 $12 million for FY2013 $9.62 million for FY2014 $5.14 million for FY2015 $6 million for FY2016 No data available for FY2017 or FY2018 |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
Funding may be used to facilitate the inventory, assessment, promotion, and marketing of both renewable and nonrenewable energy and mineral resources on Indian lands. Funds are awarded competitively to support assessment and inventory programs or to develop baseline data, but cannot be used for development purposes. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Federally recognized Indian tribes; individual American Indian mineral owners |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Renewable energy technologies |
|
For More Information |
See program number 15.038 at the beta.SAM.gov website; and BIA's Energy and Mineral Development Program (EMDP) website. |
|
Administered by |
Bureau of Indian Affairs |
|
Authority |
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Indian Tribal Energy Resource Development and Self-Determination Act of 2005 (Title V of Energy Policy Act of 2005; P.L. 109-58) |
|
Annual Funding |
$375,000 for FY2007 $1 million for FY2008 no estimate available for FY2009 $138,839 for FY2010 $250,000 for FY2011 $0 for FY2012 $400,000 for FY2013 (est.) $700,000 for FY2014 $1.56 million for FY2015 $1.4 million for FY2016 No data available for FY2017 |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
This program provides grants to Indian tribes to (1) develop and sustain the managerial and technical capacity needed to develop their energy resources; and (2) properly account for resulting energy production and revenues. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Tribal governments |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Renewable energy technologies |
|
For More Information |
See program number 15.148 at the beta.SAM.gov website; BIA's Tribal Energy Development Capacity Grant Program website; or contact IEED, the Division of Indian Energy at [phone number scrubbed]. |
|
Administered by |
Small Business Administration (SBA) |
|
Authority |
Small Business Act of 1953 (P.L. 83-163) |
|
Annual Funding |
7(a) loan guaranty administrative costs are funded through the SBA's appropriation for business loan administration. ($159.5 million in FY2010, $152.694 million in FY2011, $147.958 million in FY2012, $140.219 million in FY2013 (after sequestration), $151.560 million in FY2014, $147.726 million in FY2015, $152.726 million in FY2016, $152.726 million in FY2017, |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
|
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Small businesses meeting the size and eligibility standards |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Not specifically listed |
|
For More Information |
See CRS Report R41146, Small Business Administration 7(a) Loan Guaranty Program, by |
|
Administered by |
Small Business Administration (SBA) |
|
Authority |
Small Business Investment Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-699) |
|
Annual Funding |
504 loan guaranty administrative costs are funded through the SBA's appropriation for business loan administration ($159.5 million in FY2010, $152.694 million in FY2011, $147.958 million in FY2012, $140.219 million in FY2013 (after sequestration), $151.560 million in FY2014, $147.726 million in FY2015, $152.726 million in FY2016, $152.726 million in FY2017, |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
|
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Small businesses meeting the size and eligibility standards |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Fossil fuels; energy efficiency equipment; renewable energy sources (unspecified); renewable fuels, including biodiesel and ethanol |
|
For More Information |
See CRS Report R41184, Small Business Administration 504/CDC Loan Guaranty Program, by |
|
Administered by |
Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Conventional mortgages: Private lenders that sell mortgage loans to Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac may also offer Energy Efficient Mortgages (EEMs) . |
|
Authority |
EEMs were initially introduced by lenders in the 1980s. In 1992, three pieces of legislation passed by Congress worked towards standardizing and expanding the use of EEMs. In 1992, Congress established an FHA Energy Efficient Mortgage Pilot Program (P.L. 102-550). The program was later expanded beyond five states to become a national program. The Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (HERA; P.L. 110-289) increased the maximum amount that can be added to an FHA mortgage for energy efficient improvements. The 111th Congress |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
Homeowners can take advantage of EEMs to finance a variety of energy efficiency measures, including renewable energy technologies, in a new or existing home. The federal government directly provides these loans through the FHA and VA lending programs. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will also purchase EEMs from primary lenders. Primary lenders may issue EEMs that do not conform to underwriting standards. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
The loan is available to anyone who meets the income requirements for FHA's Section 203 (b) program, provided the applicant can meet the monthly mortgage payments. New and existing owner-occupied homes of up to two units qualify for this loan. Cooperative units are not eligible. VA: available to qualified military personnel, reservists, and veterans; Conventional: Applicants qualifying for a conventional mortgage are also eligible for an energy efficient mortgage. |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Passive solar space heat; solar water heat; solar space heat; photovoltaics; daylighting; and other technologies not specifically identified |
|
For More Information |
See the HUD, RESNET (Residential Energy Services Network), Energy Star, and DSIRE websites. |
|
Administered by |
Federal Housing Administration (FHA) |
|
Authority |
No statutory authority. HUD developed the PowerSaver as part of the Recovery Through Retrofit initiative launched in May 2009 by |
|
Scheduled Termination |
PowerSaver began as a nationwide two-year pilot program, launching in 2011. No termination date for this program is listed in online government information sources identified at this time. |
|
Description |
PowerSaver offers FHA-backed loans, with three financing options for homeowners to make energy efficiency and renewable energy upgrades in their residences: (1) PowerSaver Home Energy Upgrade (up to $7,500) for smaller projects; (2) PowerSaver Second Mortgage (Title I, up to $25,000) for financing larger retrofit projects; and (3) PowerSaver Energy Rehab (203(k)). This 203(k) loan is for home purchase or refinance, targeting either home buyers wishing to combine home improvements with a home purchases or to homeowners wishing to include home improvements when refinancing an existing mortgage. For the 203(k), current loan limits for a single-unit property vary by area from $217,500 to $625,000. For all three PowerSaver products, borrowers must select from a list of approved PowerSaver lenders. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
These loans are available to homeowners who meet the following criteria: a minimum credit score of 660 and a maximum total debt to income ratio of 45% (monthly income divided by monthly debt payments). Eligible housing is limited to single unit homes that must be owner-occupied. |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Energy efficient improvements, including installation of insulation, duct sealing, replacement doors and windows, HVAC systems, water heaters, home |
|
For More Information |
See EERE's factsheet; |
|
Administered by |
Administration For Children and Families Office of Community Services, Division of Energy Assistance |
|
Authority |
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 (P.L. 97-35), Title XXVI, §2602 The Human Services Amendments of 1994 (P.L. 103-252), Title III, §§302–304(a), 311(c)(1) Community Opportunities, Accountability, and Training and Educational Services Act of 1998 (P.L. 105-285), Title III, §302, Energy Policy Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-58), Title I, Subtitle B, §121(a)) |
|
Annual Funding |
$2.16 billion for FY2007 $2.6 billion for FY2008 $5.1 billion for FY2009 $5.1 billion for FY2010 $4.7 billion for FY2011 $3.47 billion for FY2012 $3.29 billion for FY2013 $3.43 billion for FY2014 $3.39 billion for FY2015 $3.37 billion for FY2016 $3.39 billion for FY2017 $3.64 billion for FY2018 $3.65 billion for FY2019 $0 requested for FY2020 |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
LIHEAP is a federal program that helps low-income households pay for heating or cooling their homes. In most states, it also helps people make sure their homes are more energy efficient by paying for certain home improvements, known as weatherization. Funds are allotted to states, tribes, and territories according to a formula prescribed by the LIHEAP statute. State, tribal, and territorial governments manage the day-to-day details of the program, including the award of assistance to eligible applicants. The LIHEAP statute limits the amount of funds that each grantee (state, tribe, or territory) may spend on weatherization to 15% of the funds available, or up to 25% with a waiver from HHS. However, in cases of floods or natural disasters, work can be done under the crisis part of the grantee's LIHEAP program, thus bypassing the weatherization limits. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
State and tribal governments, including U.S. territories |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Weatherization technologies include a wide range of energy efficiency measures for retrofitting homes and apartment buildings. Typical measures may include installing insulation; sealing ducts; tuning and repairing broken or inefficient heating and cooling systems and if indicated, replacement of the same; mitigating air infiltration; and reducing electric base load consumption. |
|
For More Information |
See CRS Report RL31865, LIHEAP: Program and Funding, by |
|
Administered by |
FHA and VA. Conventional mortgages: Private lenders that sell mortgage loans to Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac may also offer EEMs |
|
Authority |
EEMs were initially introduced by lenders in the 1980s. In 1992, three pieces of legislation passed by Congress worked towards standardizing and expanding the use of EEMs. In 1992, Congress established an FHA Energy Efficient Mortgage Pilot Program (P.L. 102-550). The program was later expanded beyond five states to become a national program. The Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (HERA; P.L. 110-289) increased the maximum amount that can be added to an FHA mortgage for energy efficient improvements. The 111th Congress |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
Homeowners can take advantage of EEMs to finance a variety of energy efficiency measures, including renewable energy technologies, in a new or existing home. The U.S. federal government directly provides these loans through the FHA and VA lending programs. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will also purchase EEMs from primary lenders. Primary lenders may issue EEMs that do not conform to underwriting standards. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
The loan is available to anyone who meets the income requirements for FHA's Section 203 (b) program, provided the applicant can meet the monthly mortgage payments. New and existing owner-occupied homes of up to two units qualify for this loan. Cooperative units are not eligible. VA: available to qualified military personnel, reservists, and veterans; Conventional: applicants qualifying for a conventional mortgage are also eligible for an energy efficient mortgage. |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Passive solar space heat; solar water heat; solar space heat; photovoltaics; daylighting; and other technologies not specifically identified |
|
For More Information |
See the HUD, RESNET, Energy Star, and DSIRE websites. |
|
Administered by |
Fannie Mae |
|
Authority |
Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 (P.L. 90-448) |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
This program provides owners of multifamily properties (rental or cooperative properties with five or more units) with three financing options and tools to make energy- and water-saving property improvements:
|
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Only multifamily properties are eligible for the program. |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Clothes |
|
For More Information |
See the Fannie Mae and DSIRE websites. |
Appendix A. Summary of Federal Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives/Index of Programs
|
Administering Agency |
Program |
Description |
U.S. Code Citation |
|
Expiration Date |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Department of Energy |
Advanced Manufacturing Office (formerly Industrial Technologies Program) |
Develops and supports the commercialization of new energy efficient technologies to improve industrial efficiency while increasing productivity |
42 U.S.C. §17111 et seq. |
$ |
None |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Advanced Research Projects Energy Financial Assistance Program (ARPA-E) |
Grants to finance
sophisticated energy technology R&D projects to accelerate |
42 U.S.C. §16538 |
$ |
Program evaluation after FY2012 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Bioenergy Technologies |
Grants to develop cost-effective technologies and systems to transform domestic biomass resources into biofuels, bioproducts, and biopower |
42 U.S.C. §16232 |
$ |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Building Technologies |
Provides financial and technical assistance to improve efficiency of buildings and the equipment, components, and systems within them |
42 U.S.C. §17061-17124 |
$ |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Conservation Research and Development Grant Program |
Grants to finance long-terms R&D efforts in buildings |
42 U.S.C. §5901 et seq. |
$ FY2019 funding data not available |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Research, Development and Analysis Grant Program |
Grants to develop cost-effective technology to enhance the reliability, efficiency, and resiliency of the electric grid |
42 U.S.C. §17381 et seq. |
$ |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Information Dissemination, Outreach, Training, and Technical Analysis/Assistance Program |
Provides financial assistance to stimulate increased usage of energy efficiency/ renewable energy technologies and accelerate the adoption of these technologies |
See Notes fieldb |
$ FY2019 funding data not available |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Federal Energy Management Program |
Provides assistance to federal agencies in developing and implementing energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies to meet energy management goals |
42 U.S.C. §17131 et seq. |
$ |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Financial Assistance Program (Office of Science) |
Grants support research in the basic sciences and advanced technology concepts and assessments in fields related to energy |
42 U.S.C. §13503 |
$1.1 billion (est.) |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Geothermal Technologies |
Partners DOE with industry, academia, and research facilities to develop geothermal energy technologies |
42 U.S.C. §16231 et seq. and 42 U.S.C. §17191 et seq. |
$ |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Technologies |
Partners DOE with industry, academia, and national laboratories to develop hydrogen and fuel cell technologies for the marketplace |
42 U.S.C. §16151 et seq. |
$ |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Inventions and Innovations Program |
Provides financial and technical assistance to develop innovative cost-effective ideas and inventions with future commercial value and focuses on energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies |
42 U.S.C. §5913 |
$0 |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Loan Guarantee Program |
Loan guarantees to encourage commercial use of new or significantly improved technologies that avoid, reduce, or sequester air pollutants or greenhouse gas emissions |
42 U.S.C. §16511 et seq. |
$ |
None for the Section 1703 program.For Section 1705 program, construction had to begin by 9/30/2011 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
$0 for the Temporary Loan Guarantee Program (Section 1705) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Regional Biomass Energy Programs |
Provides financial assistance to increase America's use of fuels, chemicals, materials, and power made from domestic biomass |
See Notes fieldb |
$0 |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Renewable Energy Production Incentive |
Provides incentive payments for electricity generated and sold by new qualifying renewable energy facilities |
42 U.S.C. §13317 |
$0 |
End of FY2026 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Renewable Energy Research and Development Program |
Provides financial assistance to conduct R&D efforts in renewable energy technologies |
42 U.S.C. §16231 et. seq. |
$202.1 million (est,) |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfer Programs |
Grants for small businesses to develop and commercialize energy technologies, including energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies |
15 U.S.C. §638 |
$ $7.2 million for STTR |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Solar Energy Technologies |
Partners with industry, universities, and national laboratories to finance R&D and bring reliable and affordable solar energy technologies to the marketplace |
42 U.S.C. §16231 et seq. and 42 U.S.C. §17171 et seq. |
$ |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
State Energy Program |
Provides grants to states to design and implement their own renewable energy and energy efficiency programs |
42 U.S.C. §6321 et seq. |
$ |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Tribal Energy Program |
Provides financial and technical assistance, education, and training to tribes to evaluate and develop renewable energy sources and energy efficiency measures |
25 U.S.C. §3501 et seq. |
$13. |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Vehicle Technologies |
Partners with industry leaders to develop and deploy advanced transportation technologies to improve vehicle fuel efficiency and domestically produce clean and affordable alternative fuels |
42 U.S.C. §17011 et seq. |
$ |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Water Power |
Partners with industry, states, federal entities, and other stakeholders on R&D projects to improve |
42 U.S.C. §16231 et. seq. and 42 U.S.C. §17211 et seq. |
$ |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Weatherization Assistance Program |
Provides financial and technical assistance to states to increase the energy efficiency of low-income households |
42 U.S.C. §6861 et seq. |
$ |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Wind Energy |
Partners with industry, states, federal entities, and other stakeholders on R&D projects to improve |
42 U.S.C. §16231 et. seq. |
$ |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Department of
|
Assistance to High Energy Cost Rural Communities Program
|
Provides financial assistance to rural communities with high energy costs
|
7 U.S.C. §918a
|
$10 million
|
None
|
Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels
|
Supports and ensures an expanding production of advanced biofuels by providing payments to advanced biofuels producers
|
7 U.S.C. §8105
|
Mandatory funding of $7 million annually for FY2019-FY2023 to remain available until expended Discretionary funding of $20 million authorized annually for FY2019-FY2023
|
Authorized through FY2023
|
Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP)
|
Provides assistance to support the production of eligible biomass crops on land within approved project areas
|
7 U.S.C. §8111
|
The FY2018 farm bill authorized no mandatory funding for FY2019-FY2023 Discretionary funding of $25 million authorized annually for FY2019-FY2023
|
Authorized through FY2023
|
Biomass Research and Development Initiative
|
Provides competitive grants, contracts, or financial assistance for RD&D of technologies and processes for biofuels and biobased products.
|
7 U.S.C. §8108
|
Mandatory funding of $3 million for FY2014-2017 to remain available until expended; Mandatory funding not extended by 2018 farm bill Discretionary funding of $20 million authorized annually for FY2019-FY2023 No discretionary funding has been appropriated through FY2019
|
Authorized through FY2023
|
Biorefinery, Renewable Chemical, and Biobased Product Manufacturing Assistance Program
|
Assists in the development of new technologies for development of biofuels
|
7 U.S.C. §8103
|
$50 million in mandatory funding authorized for loan guarantees for FY2019 No discretionary funding has been appropriated through FY2019
|
Authorized through FY2023
|
Community Wood Energy and Wood Innovation Program
|
Provides grants to states and local governments to develop community wood energy plans or acquire or upgrade community wood energy systems
|
7 U.S.C. §8113
|
No discretionary funding has been appropriated through FY2019
|
Authorized through FY2023
|
Rural Energy for America Program
|
Provides grants and loan guarantees to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy to agricultural producers and rural small businesses
|
7 U.S.C. §8107
|
Mandatory CCC funds of $50 million authorized for FY2014 and each fiscal year thereafter $335,000 appropriated for FY2019
|
None
|
Rural Energy Savings Program
|
Provides loans to power producing entities to make loans to consumers for durable, cost-effective energy efficiency upgrades or installation of renewable energy or energy storage systems
|
7 U.S.C. §8107a
|
$10 million for FY2019
|
Authorized through FY2023
|
Sun Grant Program
|
7 U.S.C. §8114
|
$3 million
|
Authorized through FY2023
|
Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education
|
Provides grants for research projects with the purpose of enhancing biomass energy crop production and increasing the energy efficiency of agricultural operations
|
7 U.S.C. §5801 et seq.
|
$37 million
|
None
|
Department of the Treasury
|
Business Energy Investment Tax Credit
|
Provides a tax credit for 30% of total expenditures on eligible systems placed in service, except geothermal systems, microturbines, and combined heat and power systems (10%)
|
26 U.S.C. §48
|
N/A
|
12/31/2019 for large wind systems; 12/31/2021 for geothermal heat pumps, microturbines, CHP systems, hybrid solar lighting, fuel cells, small wind systems; No expiration date for geothermal electric and solar thermal
|
Energy Efficient Commercial Buildings Tax Deduction
|
Tax deduction for certain qualifying systems and buildings
|
26 U.S.C. §179D (amended)
|
N/A
|
12/31/2017
|
Energy-Efficient New Homes Tax Credit for Home Builders
|
Provides tax credits of up to $2,000 for builders of new, energy-efficient homes
|
26 U.S.C. §45L (amended)
|
N/A
|
12/31/2017
|
Modified Accelerated Cost-Recovery System (MACRS)
|
Allows businesses to recover investments in certain renewable energy property through depreciation deductions
|
26 USC §168 26 USC §48
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Renewable Energy Production Tax Credit (PTC)
|
Provides a per-kilowatt-hour tax credit for electricity generated by qualified renewable energy technologies and sold during the tax year
|
26 U.S.C. §45 (amended)
|
N/A
|
12/31/2019 for wind energy systems 12/31/2017 for all other systems
|
Residential Energy Conservation Subsidy Exclusion (Corporate and Personal)
|
Corporate and personal tax exemptions for energy-conservation subsidies are provided by public utilities, either directly or indirectly
|
26 U.S.C. §136 (amended)
|
N/A
|
None
|
Residential Energy Efficiency Tax Credit
|
Provides tax credit to residents/individuals for the installation of qualified energy efficient equipment to existing homes (primary residence)
|
26 U.S.C. §25C
|
N/A
|
12/31/2017
|
Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit
|
Provides a tax credit to residents/ individuals for the installation of qualified renewable energy systems to existing homes (primary residence)
|
26 U.S.C. §25D (amended)
|
N/A 12/31/2021 |
Business Energy Investment Tax Credit |
Provides a tax credit for 30% of total expenditures on eligible systems placed in service, except geothermal systems, microturbines, and combined heat and power systems (10%) |
26 U.S.C. §48 |
N/A |
12/31/2019 for large wind systems; 12/31/2021 for geothermal heat pumps, microturbines, CHP systems, solar lighting, fuel cells, small wind systems; No expiration date for geothermal electric and solar thermal |
|
Energy Efficient Commercial Buildings Tax Deduction |
Tax deduction for certain qualifying systems and buildings |
26 U.S.C. §179D (amended) |
N/A |
12/31/2017 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Energy-Efficient New Homes Tax Credit for Home Builders |
Provides tax credits of up to $2,000 for builders of new, energy-efficient homes |
26 U.S.C. §45L (amended) |
N/A |
12/31/2017 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Modified Accelerated Cost-Recovery System (MACRS) |
Allows businesses to recover investments in certain renewable energy property through depreciation deductions |
26 USC §168 26 USC §48 |
N/A |
N/A |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Renewable Energy Production Tax Credit (PTC) |
Provides a per-kilowatt-hour tax credit for electricity generated by qualified renewable energy technologies and sold during the tax year |
26 U.S.C. §45 (amended) |
N/A |
12/31/2017 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Residential Energy Conservation Subsidy Exclusion (Corporate and Personal) |
Corporate and personal tax exemptions for energy-conservation subsidies are provided by public utilities, either directly or indirectly |
26 U.S.C. §136 (amended) |
N/A |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Residential Energy Efficiency Tax Credit |
Provides tax credit to residents/individuals for the installation of qualified energy efficient equipment to existing homes (primary residence) |
26 U.S.C. §25C |
N/A |
12/31/2017 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit |
Provides a tax credit to residents/ individuals for the installation of qualified renewable energy systems to existing homes (primary residence) |
26 U.S.C. §25D (amended) |
N/A |
12/31/2021 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Department of Agriculture |
Assistance to High Energy Cost Rural Communities Program |
Provides financial assistance to rural communities with high energy costs |
7 U.S.C. §918a |
$10 million |
None |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels |
Supports and ensures an expanding production of advanced biofuels by providing payments to advanced biofuels producers |
7 U.S.C. §8105 |
Mandatory funding of $15 million annually for FY2014-FY2018 to remain available until expended Discretionary funding of $20 million annually for FY2014-FY2018 |
Authorized through FY2018 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP) |
Provides assistance to support the production of eligible biomass crops on land within approved project areas |
7 U.S.C. §8111 |
|
Authorized through FY2018 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Biorefinery, Renewable Chemical, and Biobased Product Manufacturing Assistance Program |
Assists in the development of new technologies for development of biofuels |
7 U.S.C. §8103 |
$50 million authorized for loan guarantees; P.L. 114-113 limited funding to $27 million No discretionary funding has been appropriated through FY2018 |
Authorized through FY2018 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Community Wood Energy Program |
Provides grants to states and local governments to develop community wood energy plans or acquire or upgrade community wood energy systems |
7 U.S.C. §8113 |
No discretionary funding has been appropriated through FY2018 |
Authorized through FY2018 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Repowering Assistance Program |
Provides financial incentives to biorefineries in existence on June 18, 2008, to replace the use of fossil fuels used to produce heat or power by installing new systems that use renewable biomass or to produce new energy from renewable biomass |
7 U.S.C. §8104 |
Mandatory CCC funding of $12 million for FY2014, to remain available until expended, was reduced by $8 million for FY 2015 by P.L. 113-235 No discretionary funding has been appropriated through FY2018 |
Authorized through FY2018 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Rural Energy for America Program |
Provides grants and loan guarantees to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy to agricultural producers and rural small businesses |
7 U.S.C. §8107 |
Mandatory CCC funds of $50 million authorized for FY2014 and each fiscal year thereafter $352,000 appropriated for FY2017 |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education |
Provides grants for research projects with the purpose of enhancing biomass energy crop production and increasing the energy efficiency of agricultural operations |
7 U.S.C. §5801 et seq. |
$27 million |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Department of Health and Human Services |
Low Income Energy Assistance Program |
Provides assistance to help low income households pay for heating and cooling their homes and energy efficiency improvements |
42 U.S.C. §8621 et seq. |
$3. |
None |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Department of Housing and Urban Development |
Energy Efficient Mortgages |
Provides backing of loans for energy efficient mortgages to finance the installation of energy efficiency or renewable energy technologies in new or existing homes |
12 U.S.C. §1701z-16 |
N/A |
None |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
FHA PowerSaver Loan Program |
Offers loans backed by FHA to finance energy efficiency and renewable energy upgrades to single-unit homes |
See Notes fieldb |
N/A |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Department of the Interior |
Energy and Mineral Development Program: Minerals and Mining on Indian Lands |
Facilitate the inventory, assessment, promotion, and marketing of both renewable and nonrenewable energy and mineral resources on Indian lands |
25 U.S.C. § 16 U.S.C. §1271 et seq. |
$6 million for FY2016; no data |
None |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Tribal Energy Development Capacity Grant |
Grants to Indian tribes to develop and sustain the managerial and technical capacity needed to develop their energy resources and properly account for resulting energy production and revenues |
25 U.S.C. §3502 |
$1.4 million for FY2016; No data currently available for FY2017 -FY2019 |
None |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Department of Veterans Affairs |
Energy Efficient Mortgages |
Provides backing of loans for energy efficient mortgages to finance the installation of energy efficiency or renewable energy technologies in new or existing homes |
12 U.S.C. §1701z-16 |
N/A |
None |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Fannie Mae |
Fannie Mae Green Initiative- Loan Program |
Provides owners of multifamily properties (rental or cooperative properties with 5 five or more units) with three financing options and tools to make energy- and water-saving property improvements |
12 USC 1716 et. seq. |
N/A |
None |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Small Business Administration |
7(a) Loan Guarantees |
Provides guaranteed loans from lenders to small businesses |
15 U.S.C. §636(a) |
$ |
None |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
504 Loan Guarantees |
Provides long-term fixed rate financing for major fixed assets, such as land, buildings, equipment, and machinery |
16 U.S.C. §685 |
$ |
None |
Source: The Congressional Research Service (CRS).
a. FY2017FY2019 appropriations data compiled by CRS using executive agency budget justifications, congressional committee reports, and program descriptions from the online edition of the Catalog of Federal Domestic AssistanceAssistance Listings.
b. Some programs are not specifically identified or codified in the United States Code.
Appendix B. Index of Programs by Applicant Eligibility and Technology Type
|
Applicant Eligibility |
Program Numbersa |
|
|
Agricultural/Extension/Biofuel Producers |
II- |
|
|
Alaska Native Corporations |
I-14 |
|
|
Builder/Developer |
|
|
|
Commercial/Industrial/For-Profit |
I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4, I-5, I-6, I-7, I-10, I-12, I-13, I-14, I-16, I-19, I-20, I-22, |
|
|
Cooperative/Collaborative/Consortia |
I-15, I-19, |
|
|
Federal Government |
I-4, I-6, I-7, I-12, I-21, II- |
|
|
Higher Education (Colleges and Universities) |
I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4, I-5, I-6, I-7, I-8, I-12, I-13, I-14, I-16, I-19, I-20, I-22, I-23,
|
Land Grant Universities (1862 1890, 1994) II-4, II-9 |
|
Local Government |
I-2, I-6, I-7, I-8, I-12, I-13, I-14, I-15, I-16, I-20, I-22, I-23, |
|
|
National Laboratories |
I-4, I-5, I-6, I-7, I-8, I-12, II-4, II-5 III-4 |
|
|
Nonprofit |
I-2, I-13, I-14, I-15, I-16, I-19, I-20, I-22, I-23, |
|
|
Other/Cross-Cutting |
I-19, |
|
|
Research Organization |
I-19, I-20 |
|
|
Residential/Individual |
I-11, I-14, I-19, II-1, II- |
|
|
Schools |
|
|
|
Small Businesses |
I-6, I-7, I-11, I-19, I-22, I-24, II-4, III-4, V-1, V-2 |
|
|
State Government |
I-2, I-6, I-7, I-8, I-9, I-12, I-13, I-14, I-15, I-16, I-17, I-20, I-22 |
|
|
Tribal Government |
I-6, I-9, I-13, I-14, I-15, I-16, I-17, I-18, I-20, I-22, I-23, |
|
|
U.S. Territories |
I-9, I-17, VII-1 |
|
|
Utilities |
I-15, II- |
|
|
Veterans |
VI-1, VIII-1 |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Program Numbersa |
|
Advanced Batteries |
I-12, I-13 |
|
Air Conditioners |
1-9, I-18, |
|
Alternative Vehicles/Vehicle Technologies |
I-4, I-12, |
|
Anaerobic Digestion |
I-16, II- |
|
Batteries (Energy Storage) Biodiesel / Biofuels |
I-12, I-13 , I-20, II-8I-1, I-12, I-23, II- |
|
Boilers |
1-9, I-18, |
|
Biomass |
I-1, I-2, I-15, I-16, I-18, I-21, II-2, II-3, II-4, II- |
|
Caulking/Weather Stripping |
I-9, I-18, |
|
Chillers |
I-18, |
|
Clothes Washers |
I-18, IX-1 |
|
Combined Systems/CHP/Energy Management Systems |
I-8, I-18, II- |
|
Comprehensive/Whole Building |
I-18, |
|
Doors |
I-18, |
|
Duct/Air Sealing |
I-9, I-18, |
|
Equipment (Energy Efficient) |
I-8 |
|
Fuel Cells |
I-4, I-8, I-13, I-16, I-23, II- |
|
Furnaces |
1-9, I-18, |
|
Geothermal (All) |
I-3, I-16, I-21, II- |
|
—Geothermal (Direct Use) |
II- |
|
—Geothermal (Electric) |
I-15, I-18, I-23, II- |
|
—Geothermal (Heat Pumps) |
I-18, II- |
|
Heat Pumps |
|
|
Hybrid Electric |
I-12 |
|
Hydrogen |
I-4, I-13, I-16, |
|
Hydropower (All) |
I-6, I-16, I-21, |
|
—Hydroelectric |
I-6, I-18, I-23, II-7, III-7 |
|
—Hydrokinetic |
I-6, |
|
—Ocean |
I-6, I-15, I-21, I-23, II-7, III-7 |
|
—Tidal |
I-6, I-15, I-23, II-7, III-7 |
|
—Wave |
I-6, I-15, I-23, II-7, III-7 |
|
Insulation |
I-9, I-18, |
|
Landfill Gas |
I-15, |
|
Lighting/Lighting Sensors |
I-8, I-18, I-23, |
|
Manufacturing Facilities Microturbines |
I-23 II- |
|
Municipal Solid Waste |
|
|
Other Technologiesb |
I-9, I-11,1-13, I-14, I-17, I-18, I-19, I-20, I-22, I-24, II-1, |
|
Smart/Programmable Thermostats |
1-9, I-18, VI-1, VI-2, VII-1, VIII-1, IX-1 |
|
Refrigerators/Freezers |
I-18 |
|
Renewable Transportation Fuels |
I-23, II- |
|
Roofs |
I-18, |
|
Siding |
I-18, |
|
Smart Grid |
I-20 |
|
Solar (All) |
I-5, I-8, I-16, I-21, II- |
|
—Photovoltaics |
1-5, I-8, I-15, I-18, I-23, II- |
|
—Solar Space Heat |
I-18, II- |
|
—Solar Thermal Electric/Process |
I-15, I-23, II-7, III-3, III-4, III-8 |
|
—Solar Water Heat |
II-7, III-1, III-3, III-4, III-8 |
|
Water Heaters |
I-18, |
|
Wind |
I-7, I-15, I-16, I-18, I-21, I-23, II- |
|
Windows |
I-8, I-9, I-18, |
Source: CRS.
a. Program numbers correspond to agency (Roman numeral) and (Arabic) number assigned to each program as displayed in this report's Table of Contents.
b. Other technologies include: cross-cutting and advanced technologies,; other unspecified technologies,; and all energy efficiency and/or renewable energy technologies, or not specifically identified.
Appendix C.
Expired Federal Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Incentive Programs
1. Alternative Motor Vehicle Tax Credit Administered by Internal Revenue Service Authority Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343), Division B, Section 205 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5), Division B, Sections 1141-1144 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L. 114-113), Division Q, Section 193 Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123), Division D, Section 40403 Scheduled Termination Description Enacted in the Energy Policy Act of 2005, this provision included separate credits for four distinct types of vehicles: fuel cells, advanced lean burn technologies, qualified hybrid and plug-in electric technologies, and qualified alternative fuels technologies. Qualified Applicant(s) Taxpayers Qualified Technologies Hybrid gasoline-electric; diesel; battery-electric; alternative fuel and fuel cell vehicles; advanced lean-burn technology vehicles; plug-in hybrid electric vehicles For More Information See the IRS website for the Alternative Motor Vehicle Credit; IRS News Releases, Fact Sheets and Legal Guidance on Hybrid Vehicles and Alternative Motor Vehicles; and IRS Form 8910, Alternative Motor Vehicle Credit. 1. not specifically identified.
Appendix C.
Expired Federal Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Incentive Programs
Varied by technology type; see Table D-2 in Appendix D.
2. Assisted Housing Stability and Energy and Green Retrofit Investments Program (Recovery Act Funded)
|
Administered by |
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) |
|
Authority |
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) |
|
Annual Funding |
(Project Grants) $0 for FY2009 $235 million for FY2010 $0 for FY2011 |
|
Scheduled Termination |
9/30/2012. All obligations were to be made by September 30, 2010. Receiving property owners were required to spend the funds on the specific improvements within two years of receipt. |
|
Description |
|
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Residential |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Specific technologies not identified |
23. Clean Renewable Energy Bonds (CREBs)
|
Administered by |
Internal Revenue Service |
|
Authority |
26 U.S.C. 54 (CREBs or "old CREBs"); 26 U.S.C. 54A and 26 U.S.C. 54C (New CREBs) |
|
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-432) Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (P.L. 115-97) |
|
|
Annual Funding |
EPACT originally allocated $800 million of tax credit bonds to be issued between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2007. Following the enactment of the federal Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006, the IRS made an additional $400 million in CREBs financing available for 2008 through Notice 2007-26. In November 2006, the IRS announced that the original $800 million allocation had been reserved for a total of 610 projects. The additional $400 million (plus surrendered volume from the previous allocation) was allocated to 312 projects in February 2008. Of the $1.2 billion total of tax-credit bond volume cap allocated to fund renewable-energy projects, state and local government borrowers were limited to $750 million of the volume cap, with the rest reserved for qualified municipal or cooperative electric companies. The Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (Div. A, Section107) allocated $800 million for |
|
Scheduled Termination |
December 31, 2017 |
|
Description |
CREBs were used to finance renewable energy projects and were issued, theoretically, with a 0% interest rate. The borrower paid back only the principal of the bond and the bondholder received federal tax credits in lieu of the traditional bond interest. P.L. 115-97 permanently repealed several tax credit bonds, including CREBs. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
State, local, and tribal governments; municipal utility; rural electric cooperative |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Solar thermal electric; photovoltaics; landfill gas; wind; biomass; hydroelectric; geothermal electric; municipal solid waste; hydrokinetic power; anaerobic digestion; tidal energy; wave energy; ocean thermal |
|
For More Information |
See IRS Bulletin 2007-14; IRS Notice 2009-33; IRS Notice 2015-12; CRS Report |
34. Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grants Program (EECBG)
|
Administered by |
EERE |
|
Authority |
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140), Title V, Subtitle E American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) |
|
Annual Funding |
$0 for FY2008 $3.2 billion for FY2009 from ARRA $0 for FY2010-FY2012 |
|
Scheduled Termination |
This program was authorized through FY2012. An act of Congress is required to reauthorize this program. |
|
Description |
This program was part of DOE's Weather and Intergovernmental Program. The EECBG Program provided formula and competitive grants to empower local communities to make strategic investments to meet the nation's long-term goals for energy independence and leadership on climate change. Grants could be used for energy efficiency and conservation programs and projects community-wide, as well as renewable energy installations on government buildings. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
State, local, and tribal governments, including U.S. territories |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Energy efficient equipment and lighting; combined heating and cooling systems; combined heat and power systems; solar; wind; fuel cells; biomass |
|
For More Information |
See EERE's Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grants Program website; and program number 81.128 at beta.SAM.gov website. |
45. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technology Deployment, Demonstration, and Commercialization Grant Program
|
Administered by |
EERE |
|
Authority |
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) |
|
Annual Funding |
$0 for FY2008 $21.8 million for FY2009 $7.2 million for FY2010. All funds obligated under this program in FY2010 were Recovery Act funds .$1 million for FY2011 $0 for FY2012-FY2018; all obligations under this program were made with Recovery Act (P.L. 111-5) funds. |
|
Scheduled Termination |
None |
|
Description |
This program |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
State governments; profit organizations |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Biomass; geothermal; hydrogen and fuel cell technologies; solar; hydropower |
|
For More Information |
See program number 81.129 at the |
56. Energy Efficient Appliance Rebate Program (EEARP)
|
Administered by |
EERE |
|
Authority |
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Title I, Part B; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) |
|
Annual Funding |
$0 for FY2008 $298.5 million in FY2009 from ARRA $0 for FY2010-FY2013 |
|
Scheduled Termination |
This program was authorized through FY2010. An act of Congress is required to reauthorize this program. |
|
Description |
The program provided financial and technical assistance to states to establish residential Energy Star rated appliance rebate programs. The program's objectives were to reduce fossil fuel emissions created as a result of activities within the jurisdictions of eligible entities |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
State governments, including U.S. territories and possessions |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Energy efficient appliances |
|
For More Information |
See program number 81.127 at the |
67. Energy Efficient Appliance Tax Credit for Manufacturers
|
Administered by |
Internal Revenue Service |
|
Authority |
26 U.S.C. §45M |
|
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58), Title XIII, Subtitle C, Section 1334(a) Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343), Division B, Section 305 Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-312) American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA, P.L. 112-240) |
|
|
Scheduled Termination |
December 31, 2013 |
|
Description |
A tax credit for each manufacturer was limited to a total of $25 million for 2011, 2012, and 2013 combined. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Industrial; appliance manufacturers |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Clothes washers; dishwashers; refrigerators |
|
For More Information |
See the IRS website for this credit; IRS form 8909. |
78. New Era Rural Technology Competitive Grants Program
|
Administered by |
National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) |
|
Authority |
National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (P.L. 95-113) Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246) Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79) |
|
Annual Funding |
This program was not funded after FY2011. The program received $875,000 for FY2010 and an estimated $875,000 for FY2011. The Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, P.L. 112-55, did not provide funding for the New Era Rural Technology Competitive Grants Program (RTP) in FY2012. |
|
Scheduled Termination |
Authorized through FY2013. |
|
Description |
This program provided grant funding for approved technology development, applied research, and training to develop an agriculture-based renewable energy workforce. The initiative supported bioenergy, pulp and paper manufacturing, and agriculture-based renewable energy resources. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Public or private nonprofit community colleges; advanced technology centers |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Biomass; bioenergy |
|
For More Information |
See the archived CFDA web page for |
89. Program of Competitive Grants for Worker Training and Placement in High Growth and Emerging Industry Sectors
|
Administered by |
Employment Training Administration |
|
Authority |
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5), Title VIII |
|
Annual Funding |
Project Grants: $0 for FY2008 $750 million for FY2009 (ARRA) which remained available through June 30, 2010 $0 for FY2010-FY2015 |
|
Scheduled Termination |
The program had no fixed termination date. It was established and funded by the Recovery Act, but the program has not been funded since 2009. It is no longer listed in the online federal Assistance Listings (formerly the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance) at the beta.SAM.gov website. |
|
Description |
This program provided competitive grants for worker training and placement in high growth and emerging industry sectors. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
State, local, and tribal governments; colleges and universities; private nonprofit institutions/organizations |
|
For More Information |
See the U.S. Department of Labor's (DOL's) Training and Employment Notice for this program. |
910. Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds
|
Administered by |
Internal Revenue Service |
|
Authority |
26 U.S.C. §54A 26 U.S.C. §54D 26 U.S.C. §6431 |
|
Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (P.L. 115-97) |
|
|
Scheduled Termination |
December 31, 2017 |
|
Description |
QECBs were used by state, local, and tribal governments to finance certain types of energy projects. QECBs, as tax credit bonds, provided federally subsidized financing to all issuers. The original limit on the volume of energy conservation tax credit bonds to be issued by state and local governments was $800 million. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 expanded the allowable bond volume to $3.2 billion. P.L. 115-97 permanently repealed several tax credit bonds, including QECBs. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
State, local, and tribal governments |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Solar thermal electric; photovoltaics; landfill gas; wind; biomass; hydroelectric; geothermal electric; municipal solid waste; hydrokinetic power; anaerobic digestion; tidal energy; wave energy; ocean thermal |
|
For More Information |
IRS Notice 2009-29; IRS Notice 2010-35; IRS Announcement 2010-54; IRS Notice 2012-44; CRS Report |
1011. Qualifying Advanced Energy Manufacturing Investment Tax Credit
|
Administered by |
Internal Revenue Service |
|
Authority |
26 U.S.C. 48C |
|
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5), Division B, Section 1302 IRS Notice 2013-12 Qualifying Advanced Energy Project Credit Phase II |
|
|
Scheduled Termination |
Applications no longer accepted. Phase concept papers were due to DOE by 4/9/2013; final applications were due to DOE on 7/23/2013. |
|
Description |
This tax credit was designed to encourage a U.S.-based renewable energy manufacturing sector. Projects receiving awards were eligible for a tax credit of 30% of the qualified investment required for an advanced energy project. |
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Commercial |
|
Qualified Technologies |
Lighting; lighting controls/sensors; energy conservation technologies: smart grid; solar water heat; solar thermal electric; photovoltaics; wind; geothermal electric; fuel cells; geothermal heat pumps; batteries and energy storage; advanced transmission technologies that support renewable energy generation; renewable fuels; fuel cells using renewable fuels; microturbines |
|
For More Information |
See DOE's 48C Manufacturing Tax Credits Fact Sheet; EERE's FAQ |
1112. Renewable Energy Grants (1603 Program)
|
Administered by |
U.S. Department of the Treasury |
|||||||||||||||
|
Authority |
Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-312), Section 707 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2010 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Division B, Sections 1104 and 1603 U.S. Department of Treasury: Grant Program Guidance (amended) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Scheduled Termination |
Construction must have begun by December 31, 2011. Applications must have been submitted before October 1, 2012. |
|||||||||||||||
|
Description |
The purpose of the 1603 payment was to reimburse eligible applicants for a portion of the cost of installing specified energy property used in a trade or business or for the production of income. |
|||||||||||||||
|
Qualified Applicant(s) |
Commercial |
|||||||||||||||
|
Qualified Technologies |
Solar water heat; solar space heat; solar thermal electric; solar thermal process heat; photovoltaics; landfill gas; wind; biomass; hydroelectric; geothermal electric; fuel cells; geothermal heat pumps; municipal solid waste; CHP/cogeneration; solar hybrid lighting; hydrokinetic; anaerobic digestion; tidal energy; wave energy; ocean thermal; microturbines |
|||||||||||||||
|
For More Information |
See the Treasury's 1603 website;
|
Administered by
|
Rural Development (USDA)
|
Authority
|
Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title IX, Section 9004 Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79). Title IX, Section 9004 Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334)
|
Annual Funding
|
• Mandatory: Under the 2014 farm bill, mandatory funding of $12 million for FY2014 was authorized, to remain available until expended (i.e., no new baseline funding after FY2014). For FY2015, Congress reduced available funds by $8 million through the FY2015 agricultural appropriations act, P.L. 113-235. Under the agricultural appropriations act for FY2013 (P.L. 113-6), Congress directed that funds available for this program be reduced by $28 million. Under the 2008 farm bill (P.L. 113-79) mandatory funding of $35 million for FY2009, was authorized to remain available until expended. • Discretionary: The 2014 farm bill authorized discretionary funding of $10 million annually to be appropriated for FY2014-FY2018, but no discretionary funding has been appropriated through FY2018. Discretionary funding of $15 million annually for FY2009-FY2013 was authorized to be appropriated under the 2008 farm bill and the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA; P.L. 112-240, §701) extension. Of this amount, $15 million was appropriated in FY2010 through FY2013.
|
Scheduled Termination
|
The program had no fixed termination date. It was authorized through FY2018, but then repealed by the 2018 farm bill.
|
Description
|
The Repowering Assistance Program (RAP) made payments to eligible biorefineries (those in existence on the June 18, 2008, enactment of the 2008 farm bill) to encourage the use of renewable biomass as a replacement for fossil fuels used to provide heat for processing or power in the operation of these eligible biorefineries. Not more than 5% of the funds were made available to eligible producers with a refining capacity exceeding 150 million gallons of advanced biofuel per year. RAP was repealed by the 2018 farm bill.
|
Qualified Applicant(s)
|
Eligible biorefineries in existence on or before June 18, 2008.
|
Qualified Technologies
|
Renewable biomass
|
For More Information See program number 10.866 on the beta.SAM.gov website; the USDA program website; CRS In Focus (IF10288), Overview of Bioenergy Programs in the 2018 Farm Bill, by Kelsi Bracmort; and CRS Report R43416, Energy Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill: Status and Funding, by Kelsi Bracmort. |
Appendix D. Appendix D. Summary of Expired Federal Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives/Index of Programs
|
Administering Agency |
Program |
Description |
U.S. Code Citation |
Expiration Date |
|||
|
Department of Agriculture |
New Era Rural Technology Competitive Grants Program |
|
7 U.S.C. §3319e |
Authorized through FY2013
|
Repowering Assistance Program
|
Provided financial incentives to biorefineries in existence on June 18, 2008, to replace the use of fossil fuels used to produce heat or power by installing new systems that use renewable biomass or to produce new energy from renewable biomass
|
7 U.S.C. §8104 Authorized through FY2018 |
|
Department of Energy |
Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grants Program |
Grants to finance energy efficiency and conservation programs/projects in local communities and renewable energy installations on government buildings |
42 U.S.C. §17151-17158 |
|
|||
|
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technology Deployment, Demonstration, and Commercialization Grant Program |
Provides financial assistance for deployment, demonstration, and commercialization of energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies |
42 U.S.C. §16191 et seq. and 42 U.S.C. §16231 et seq. |
9/30/2015 |
||||
|
Energy Efficient Appliance Rebate Program |
Provided financial and technical assistance to states to establish residential Energy Star rated appliance rebate programs |
42 U.S.C. §15821 |
9/30/2010 |
||||
|
Department of Treasury/Internal Revenue Service |
Clean Renewable Energy Bonds (CREBs) |
Bonds financed renewable energy projects |
26 U.S.C. §54 ( |
12/31/2017 |
|||
|
Energy Efficient Appliance Tax Credit for Manufacturers |
A tax credit for each manufacturer was limited to a total of $25 million for 2011, 2012, and 2013 combined |
26 U.S.C. §45M |
12/31/2013 |
||||
|
Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds (QECBs) |
Bond authority is allocated to state, local, and tribal governments to finance a broad range of energy efficiency and renewable energy projects |
26 U.S.C. §54A 26 U.S.C. §54D 26 U.S.C. §6431 |
12/31/2017 |
||||
|
Qualifying Advanced Energy Manufacturing Investment Credit |
This tax credit was designed to encourage a U.S.-based renewable energy manufacturing sector |
26 U.S.C. §48C |
7/23/2013 |
||||
|
Renewable Energy Grants (1603 Program) |
The purpose of the 1603 payment was to reimburse eligible applicants for a portion of the cost of installing specified energy property used in a trade or business or for the production of income. |
No U.S. Code citation; see P.L. 111-5 (ARRA) §1603(a) |
12/31/2011 the last day to submit applications was 10/1/2012) |
||||
|
Alternative Motor Vehicle Credit |
Provides tax credit for hybrid and lean-burn vehicles |
26 U.S.C. §30B |
Varied by technology type: See Table D-2 below |
||||
|
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) |
Assisted Housing Stability and Energy and Green Retrofit Investments Program (Recovery Act Funded) |
This program provided funding for energy and green retrofit investments to certain eligible assisted, affordable multifamily properties. Funding included incentives for participating property owners, a set-aside for administrative functions, and a set-aside for due diligence and underwriting support. Assistance was for specific retrofit purposes |
|
9/30/2012 |
|||
|
Department of Labor |
Program of Competitive Grants for Worker Training and Placement in High Growth and Emerging Industry Sectors |
Intended to preserve and create jobs; promote economic recovery; assist those most impacted by the recession; provide investments; and invest in infrastructure |
See Notes field |
None |
Source: CRS.
Note: Some programs are not specifically identified or codified in the United States Code.
a. The EECBG program was designed as a part of the Recovery Act (P.L. 111-5), with a single-shot (one-time) appropriation in FY2009. Due to the size of the appropriation, funds were let out over multiple fiscal years. DOE had an evaluation of the EECBG program. For more details, see DOE's evaluation results website.
|
Type of Credit |
Expiration Date |
|
Fuel Cell Motor Vehicle Credit |
December 31, |
|
Qualified Plug-In Electric Drive Motor Vehicle Credit |
December 31, 2014 |
|
Qualified Plug-In Electric Motor Vehicle Conversion Credit |
December 31, 2011 |
|
Advanced Lean Burn Technology Motor Vehicle Credit |
December 31, 2010 |
|
Qualified Alternative Fuel Motor Vehicle Credit |
December 31, 2010 |
|
Qualified Hybrid Motor Vehicle Credit |
December 31, 2010 |
Source: U.S. Code and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).
Author Contact Information
| 1. |
According to the program description in the |
|||
| 2. |
According to the program description in the |
|||
| 3. |
The Tribal Energy Program (TEP) was funded in FY2014 within the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy appropriation. |
|||
| 4. |
In 2015, TEP was transferred to the Office of Indian Energy (IE) and funding for FY2015 and FY2016 was provided within the |
|||
| 5. |
For FY2017, DOE |
|||
| 6. |
In the FY2020 DOE Budget Justifications (vol.3, part 2, p. 419), DOE states that "ARPA-E requests no additional appropriation and requests the cancellation of $287,000,000 in unobligated balances. ARPA-E will utilize the remainder of its unobligated balances to execute the multi-year termination of the program, with all operations ceasing by FY2022."
|
|||
|
| ||||
| 8. | DOE's budget request for CESAR for FY2020 is $145 million. To compare to previous years, the combined appropriation request for FY2020 would be $318 million. |
|||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
For FY2017, $37 million was enacted for administrative expenses. These administrative expenses were reduced by (1) an |
||||
|
For FY2018, $ |
||||
|
For FY2019, $ |
||||
|
For more information, see CRS Report R40669, Energy and Water Development: FY2010 Appropriations, coordinated by |
||||
|
|
19.
The authority to enter into new loan guarantees under Section 1705 expired on September 30, 2011, but LPO continues to administer and monitor the portfolio of loan guarantees obligated prior to the expiration date. |
Annual funding listed for the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfers (STTR) programs includes only those funds distributed to DOE's energy efficiency and renewable energy programs. |
||
|
For 21.
|
|
See "Sun Grant Initiative," at http://www.sungrant.org/. 22.
|
Bonus depreciation applies to many classes of property or equipment other than renewable energy technologies covered by MACRS. With 100% bonus depreciation available, businesses can choose to deduct the cost of renewable energy property immediately, as opposed to recovering the cost of the investment over five years (MACRS). Beginning in 2023, when bonus depreciation reduces 20% annually through 2026 (see program description above), businesses can opt to deduct the remaining percentage immediately or the entire amount over five years under MACRS if they choose not to take the bonus depreciation deduction. |