House of Representatives Staff Levels, 1977- September 2, 2021 2021 R. Eric Petersen The manner in which staff are deployed within an organization may reflect the mission and Specialist in American priorities of that organization. This report provides staffing levels in House Member, committee, National Government leadership, and other offices since 1977. Between 1977 and 20162021, the number of House staff grew from 8,831 to 9,420034, or 6.672.30%. Since 20082009, however, the number of staff working forin the House has decreased 14.00%. House of Representatives has decreased 5.84%. These changes were characterized in part by increases in the number of staff working in chamber leadership offices, and larger increases in the staffing of chamber officers and officials. House staff working for Members have shifted from committee settings to the personal offices of Members. Some of these changes may be indicative of the growth change and evolution of the House as an institution.

This report is one of several CRS products focusing on congressional staff. Others include CRS Report RL34545, Links to others may be found in CRS Report R44688, Congressional Staff: CRS Products on Size, Pay, Job Tenure, and Duties. Congressional Research Service link to page 6 link to page 6 link to page 7 link to page 8 link to page 9 link to page 9 link to page 10 link to page 10 link to page 10 link to page 12 link to page 8 link to page 9 link to page 12 link to page 14 link to page 16 link to page 17 link to page 18 link to page 19 link to page 20 link to page 22 link to page 23 House Staff Levels, 1977-2021 Contents House Staffing................................................................................................................ 3 House Data Collection................................................................................................ 3 House Staff Data ....................................................................................................... 4 House Member Offices ......................................................................................... 5 Committees ......................................................................................................... 6 Leadership Offices ............................................................................................... 6 Officers and Officials ............................................................................................ 7 Commissions ....................................................................................................... 7 Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 7 Data Tables .................................................................................................................... 9 Figures Figure 1. House Staff Levels by Category, 1977-2021........................................................... 5 Figure 2. Distribution of House Member Office Staff Since 1977 ........................................... 6 Tables Table 1. House of Representatives Staff Levels by Category, 1997-2021.................................. 9 Table 2. Staff Working in House Member Offices Since 1977 .............................................. 11 Table 3. House Committee Staff, 2017-2021 ..................................................................... 13 Table 4. House Committee Staff, 2007-2016 ..................................................................... 14 Table 5. House Committee Staff, 1997-2006 ..................................................................... 15 Table 6. House Committee Staff, 1987-1996 ..................................................................... 16 Table 7. House Committee Staff, 1977-1986 ..................................................................... 17 Table 8. Staff of Active Joint Committees Listed in House Directories, 1977-2021 .................. 19 Contacts Author Information ....................................................................................................... 20 Congressional Research Service link to page 12 link to page 12 link to page 22 House Staff Levels, 1977-2021 Congressional Staff: Duties and Functions of Selected Positions; CRS Report R43946, Senate Staff Levels in Member, Committee, Leadership, and Other Offices, 1977-2016; CRS Report R43774, Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in Senators' Offices, FY2009-FY2013; CRS Report R43775, Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2009-2013; CRS Report R44322, Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in House Committees, 2001-2014; CRS Report R44325, Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in Senate Committees, FY2001-FY2014.

The manner in which staff are deployed within an organization may reflect the mission and priorities of that organization.

T In the House of Representatives, employing authorities hire staff to carry out duties in Member- Member office, committee, leadership, and other settings. The extent to which staff in those settings change may lend insight into the work of the House over time. Some of the insights that might be taken from staff levels include

•  an understanding of the division of congressional work between Members working individually working individual y through their personal offices, or collectively, through committee activities;
•  the relationship between committee leaders and chamber leaders, which could have implications for the development and consideration of legislation, the use of congressional oversight, or deployment of staff; and the extent to which specialized chamber administrative operations have grown over time.

This report provides staffing levels in House Member,¹1 committee, leadership, and other offices since 1977. No House publicationsource appears to officiallyofficial y and authoritatively track the actual number of staff working in the chambers by office or entity. Data presented here between 1977 and 2019 are based on staff listed by chamber entity (offices of Members, committees, leaders, officers, officials, and other entities) in telephone directories published by the House.

Data for 2020-2021 are taken from the House Telephone Directory website available to Members of the House and their staff. Table 1 in the "“Data Tables" ” section below provides data for staff listed in House directories through 20162021. Data for House staff listed as joint committee employees on panels that met in the 114^th Congress (2015-2016organized in the 117th Congress (2021-2022) are provided inin Table 78.2 .²

This report provides data based on a count of staff listed in House telephone directories published since 1977. Like most sources of data, telephone directory listings have potential benefits and potential drawbacks. Telephone directories were chosen for a number of reasons, including the following:

• following:  telephone directories published by the House are an official source of information about that institution, and are widely available;
•  presumably, the number of directory listings closely approximates the number of staff working for the House;³
• 3 1 T hroughout this report, the terms “Member office,” “personal office,” and “House Member’s office” refer to the office held by a Member of the House upon election to Congress. T hey do not refer to the number of facilities in which that work is carried out. Discussions of how many staff are based in Washington, DC, and district facilities distinguishes only between locations in Washingt on, DC, or in the district. It does not provide an office-by-office accounting of staff working in multiple district facilities. 2 Joint committees that organized in the 117th Congress include the Joint Committees on T axation, Printing, and Library, and the Joint Economic Committee. T he table excludes staff listed at various times since 1977 for the Joint Committees on Inaugural Ceremonies, Atomic Energy, Defense Production, Internal Revenue Service, and Organization of Congress. Staff data for those panels are available to congressional clients upon request. 3 T he actual moment printed telephone directories capture is the deadline that was set for the final collection of listings prior to publication. T he exact date for each year is not known, but publication dates for the House directories were generally in the spring of each year. Data taken from the online House T elephone Directory were collected on September 15, 2020, and June 15, 2021. Congressional Research Service 1 House Staff Levels, 1977-2021  while arguably not their intended purpose, the directories provide a consistent while arguably not their intended purpose, the directories provide a consistent breakdown of House staff by internal organization at a particular moment in time; and
•  the directories afford the opportunity to compare staff levels at similar moments across a period of decades.⁴

4 At the same time, however, data presented below should be interpreted with care for a number of reasons, including the following:

•  There is no way to determine whether all al staff working for the House arewere listed in the chamber'’s telephone directories or are included in the online House Telephone Directory. If some staff are not listed, relying on telephone directories is likely to lead to an undercount of staff.
•  It is not possible to determine if those staff who are listed were actually actual y employed by the House at the time the directories were published or data were collected from the House Telephone Directory. If the directories list individuals who are no longer employed by the House, then relying on them is likely to lead to an overcount of staff.
•  The extent to which the criteria for inclusion in the directories for the House have changed over time cannot be fully determined. Some editions of the House's ’s directories do not always list staff in various entities the same way.⁵5 This may raise questions regarding the reliability of telephone directory data as a means for identifying congressional staff levels within the House over time.
•  Some House staff may have more than one telephone number, or be listed in the directory under more than one entity.⁶6 As a consequence, they might be counted more than once. This could lead to a more accurate count of staff in specific entities within the House, but multiple listings may also lead to an overcount of staff working in the chamber.
•  Chamber directories may reflect different organizational arrangements over time for some entities. This could lead to counting staff doing similar work in both years in different categories,⁷7 or in different offices.⁸
• A random sample8  Random samples of House Member offices used to develop an estimate of Member office staff working in Washington, DC, and district offices in 1977-2019, and discussed in greater detail below, may or may not be representative of 4 Other congressional documents list staff by organizational unit, most notably the quarterly Statement of Disbursem ents issued by the House. At the same time, because they capture all paid staff activity for a three -month period, those documents do not provide as clear a picture of staffing at one point in time as the tel ephone directories do. 5 In some instances, a listing for a House entity would not list staff. In other instances, there were significant changes in the number of staff from year-to-year, and it could not be determined whether that was a consequence of changing organizational practices, or differences in the manner in which staff were included in the directory. 6 For example, some staff may work on a part -time basis for more than one Member, or for a Member and a committee. In the online version of the House T elephone Directory, some are listed as staff for a committee and one or more joint committees. 7 For example, in 1977, House Information Systems (HIS) staff were listed with staff from the Committee on House Administration (CHA). In 2009, House Information Resources, the successor entity to HIS, was listed as a component of the Office of the Chief Administrat ive Officer. In this instance, HIS staff listed under CHA are counted as Officer and Officials staff regardless of their initial listing. 8 For example, a number of administrative activities now carried out by staff of the Chief Administrative Officer were previously overseen by the Committee on House Administration, House Clerk, or Sergeant at Arms. Congressional Research Service 2 link to page 14 link to page 12 link to page 12 House Staff Levels, 1977-2021 discussed in greater detail below, may or may not be representative of the entire population of House Member offices. The extent to which the sample is representative of the population from which it is drawn will wil determine the accuracy of the estimated data for House Member offices. While it is unlikely that a full count would yield significantly different results for those years, it is a possibility.

House Staffing

House Data Collection

House staff data covering the period 1977-2019 were developed based on an estimate of staff working in Member offices, and a full count of staff listed in all al non-Member congressional offices listed in each House telephone directory.⁹9 In some years, the House published two directories. When that happened, data were taken from the earlier publication.

A full count of House Member officeoffices would have exceeded available resources, and would have been unlikely to yield a significantly different result than that which would result from a count of staff working in a random sampling of Members'’ offices. Since 1975, the House has limited the number of full-time staff working in a Member'’s office to 18 permanent employees; in 1979 up to four FTEs who may work part time were authorized.¹⁰10 As a consequence, among all al congressional entities, House Member office staffing is the least likely to show a high degree of variability. For each year, 1977-2019, a random sample of 45 Member offices was drawn in proportion to the distribution of Member offices in the Cannon, Longworth, and Rayburn House office buildings in 2014.11 Staff telephone data from those offices were counted and assumed to be in Washington, DC, if they were listed as working in the Cannon, Longworth, or Rayburn buildings, and outside of Washington, DC, if they were not.¹¹12 The average number of staff working in Washington, DC, and in district offices was computed. Those data were multiplied by the number of Member offices¹²offices13 to derive an estimate of the number of staff employed in personal offices who work in House Member offices. Table 2 in the "“Data Tables”" section below provides the computed averages from the sample data and the estimated House Member staff working in Washington, DC, and district offices.

Member office data for 2020-2021 are based on a full count of al offices listed in the online House Telephone Directory. Committee data are based on a full count of allal printed telephone directory listings for House standing, special, and select committees as described in individual directory listings for 1977-2019, and in the online House Telephone Directory for 2020-2021directory listings. The data also include associate staff of the Committees on the Budget, Rules, and Ways and Means where applicable, , and joint committee staff housed in House facilities. In the "“Data Tables" ” section below, four 9 Entities and staff that are not a part of the House, but were listed in the directory (including the Senate, other legislative branch entities, executive branch agencies, and vendors) are excluded from these data. 10 See CRS Report RL30064, Congressional Salaries and Allowances: In Brief, by Ida A. Brudnick for details. 11 Personal offices are not typically assigned in the Ford or O’Neill House Office Buildings. Since 2014, the Cannon House Office Building has been undergoing a substantial renewal project that has displaced some Member offices. Due to these dislocations, the proportion of Member offices sampled 2015 -2019 may not be directly comparable to samples collected 1977-2014. 12 T he House telephone directory provides consistent five-digit listings for all House staff who work in Washington, DC. 13 House Member offices includes Representatives, Delegates, and the Resident Commissioner. T he number of House Member offices was 439 in 1977-1978, 440 1979-2008, and 441, 2009-present. Congressional Research Service 3 link to page 22 link to page 8 link to page 12 link to page 12 House Staff Levels, 1977-2021 section below, four tables provide staff levels in various House committees. Joint committee staff data from the House for panels that metconvened in the 114^th117th Congress (2015-20162021-2022) are available inin Table 7.

8. Data for leadership offices include a full count of staff working for Members in leadership positions. In 20162021, these listings included the following: Speaker, Majority Leader, Majority Whip, Chief Deputy Majority Whip, Minority Leader, MinoritySenior Chief Deputy Majority Whip, Assistant Speaker, Minority Leader, Senior Chief Deputy Minority Whip, and Democratic and Republican Cloakrooms. Other leadership positions included House Republican Conference, House Republican Policy Committee, House Republican Study Committee, National Republican Congressional Committee, House Democratic Caucus, and House Democratic Steering and Policy Committee.

Policy and Communications Committee, and House Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee. Data for chamber officers and other House officials include a full count of staff working for House officers and officials. In 20162021, House officers included the Clerk, Sergeant at Arms, Chief Administrative Officer, and Chaplain. Officials included staff in the offices of Parliamentarian, Interparliamentary Affairs, Law Revision Counsel, Legislative Counsel, General Counsel, Inspector General, Emergency Preparedness and Planning Operations, and House Historian.

Commissions data comprise the smallestsmal est category of House data, and are based on a full count of those entities. In 20162021, commissions data included staff working for the House Communications Standards Commission (HCSC; listed in the House Telephone Directory as the Commission on Congressional Mailing Standards ( Standards and commonly known as the Franking Commission; the entity was renamed HCSC in 2020); the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (typically typical y referred to as the Helsinki Commission); the Congressional-Executive Commission on the People' People’s Republic of China; and the Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission (successor to the Congressional Human Rights Caucus).

. House Staff Data

Between 1977 and 20162021, the number of House staff overal grew from 8,831 to 9,420 or 6.67034, or 2.30%. Since 2009, however, the number of staff working in the House has decreased 14.00%. Staffing levels have ranged from a low of 8,831 in 1977 to a peak of 10,004 in 2008. The number of House staff across al categories has grown by an average of 155 individuals annually,¹³ or 0.22%. annual y,14 or 0.06%. Change in House staff has been characterized by slight, but steady growth in two periods (1977-1994, 12.01%; and 1996-2011, 14.89%), separated by a brief period of sharp decline (1994-1996, -12.13%), and ending with another decrease (2011-2016, -5.67%).

2021, -9.53%). Figure 1 displays staff levels in five categories since 1977. These categories include staff working in the offices of  Members,  committees,  leadership,  officers and officials, and  commissions. working in the offices of

Figure 3 displays change in the distribution of staff among the categories over the same time period. Table 1, in the "“Data Tables" ” section below, provides detailed staff levels in those categories.

14 Rounded to reflect a whole number. Congressional Research Service 4 link to page 9 link to page 14 link to page 12 House Staff Levels, 1977-2021 Figure 1. House Staff Levels by Category, 1977-2016

2021 Source: Annual House telephone directories, online House Telephone Directory, CRS estimates and calculations. Notes: House Member office data is an estimate are estimates developed from a sample of 45 Member offices for each year, 1977-2019, multiplied by the number of Member offices. All other categories are based on a full offices. Member office data for 2020-2021, and al other categories, 1977-2021, are based on a ful count of directory listings. count of directory listings.

House Member Offices

Staff levels in House Member offices have grownfal en slightly from 6,556 in 1977 to 6,880 in 2016, or 4.94329 in 2021, or 3.46%. The level of staffing grew steadily from 1977 until peaking at 7,284 in 1994, and falling fal ing 10.74%, to 6,502, in 1995. Member staff increased between 1997 and 2011 in an uneven, but generally general y upward pattern before reaching its highest level, 7,360, in 2009. Since 2009, Member staff have decreased to 6,880, an 6.52329, a 14.0% decline.

Figure 2 displays the distribution of House Member staff between Washington, DC, and district offices since 1977offices since 1977, and the average number of staff working in a Member office at various times. From 1977 until 1994, more staff worked in Washington, DC, than in field offices. Throughout that period, however, the number of staff assigned to district offices steadily grew while Washington, DC-based staff declinedmoved in an uneven, but generally downward pattern. Since 1994, staff have been relatively evenly distributed between Washington, DC, facilities and district offices. The number of staff working in Members' offices reflects both the relatively modest overall growth of Member staff since 1977, and the changing distribution of staff from Washington, DC, to district office settings.general y downward pattern. Between 1994 and 2008, staff distribution between Washington, DC, facilities and district offices varied narrowly, but staff were relatively evenly distributed in 2009-2011. Since 2011, Washington-based staff growth has been relatively flat, while the number of district staff has fal en, and the average number of staff per Member office has declined from 17 to 14.15 Table 2 in the "“Data Tables" ” section below provides the estimated House Member staff working in Washington, DC, and district offices since 1977.

-2019, the actual number for 2020-2021, and the average number of staffers in a Member office. 15 Staff data are rounded to whole numbers. Congressional Research Service 5 link to page 12 link to page 16 link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 19 link to page 20 link to page 22 link to page 12 House Staff Levels, 1977-2021 Figure 2. Distribution of House Member Office Staff Since 1977 Source: Annual House telephone directories, online House Telephone Directory, CRS estimates and calculations. Notes: House Member office data are estimates developed from a sample of 45 Member Figure 2. Distribution of House Member Office Staff Since 1977

Source: House telephone directories, various years, CRS calculations. Notes: House Member office data is an estimate developed from a sample of 45 Member offices for each year, offices for each year, 1977-2019, multiplied by the number of Member offices. Member office data for 2020-2021 are based on a ful count of directory listings. offices.

House Member staff comprise approximately three-quarters of all al House staff. This proportion of overall overal staffing has been relatively steady since 1977. Committees steady since 1977. Figure 3 provides staff levels and distributions among categories of offices from 1977 to 2016.

Committees

Committee staff levels have shown the greatest decline among House staff categories, decreasing 31.3630.20% since 1977. Change among House committee staff was characterized by a moderate decline in 1977-1981 (-9.04%), steady growth from 1981 until 1992 (29.83%), a period of sharp decline in 1992-1997 (-42.81%), a period of slow, unsteady growth from 1997 to 2010 (18.09%), and another sharp decline from 20102011 to present (13.93-4.35%). The 20162021 level of 1,298 is 593 (-31.36%) 320 is 571 (-30.20%) fewer than 1977 levels, and 935 (-41.87913 (-40.89%) fewer than the 1992 peak of 2,233 staff.

Since 1977, committee staff have comprised a decreasing proportion of House staff, fallingfal ing from 21.41% of House staff in 1977 to 13.78% in 2016.

In the "14.61% in 2021. In the “Data Tables" ” section below, four tables provide staff levels in various House committees. Table 3 provides House committee data for 2007-2016; data for 1997-2006 are available in Table 45. Table 5 6 provides data for 1987-1996;, and data for 1977-1986 are available in Table 6.7. Totals for each year, which include joint committee staff listed in the House directory found inin Table 78, , are presented inin Table 1.

Leadership Offices

The actual number of staff in House leadership offices grew from 62 in 1977 to 239 in 2016, 238 in 2021, peaking in 2011 at 241. This growth was relatively steady over time. As a proportion of House staff, leadership employees comprised 0.70% in 1977, and 2.5463% in 2021. Congressional Research Service 6 House Staff Levels, 1977-2021 % in 2016.

Officers and Officials

Staff working in the offices of House officers and officials has grown 254.98314.02% since 1977. Staff levels grew steadily from 1977 to 1991, and then showed a one-year drop of 33.15%, from 537 in 1992 to 359 in 1993. In 1994, staff levels returned to a level similar to 1992, and increased again in 1995 to 818, a one-year increase of 57.01%. After dropping to 704 in 1996, levels began a steady increase to a peak of 1,056 in 2008, an increase of 50.00%, before falling 8.90% to 962 by 2016.

fal ing 8.96% to 946 in 2015. Since 2016, growth has been steady and peaked in 2021 at 1,122. As a proportion of House staff, officers and officials staff grew from 3.07% in 1977 to 10.21% in 2016.

Commissions

12.42% in 2021. Commissions Congressional commission staff levels are essentiallyessential y flat, and have ranged from a high of 51 in 1977 to a low of 19 in a number of years, most recently in 2001. In 2016, 412021, 25 staff worked for congressional commissions.¹⁴

16 Congressional commissions have consistently comprised less than one-half of one percent of all House staff.

Figure 3. Percentage of House Staff in Each Category Since 1977

Source: House telephone directories, CRS estimates and calculations. Notes: House Member office data is an estimate developed from a sample of 45 Member offices for each year, multiplied by the number of Member offices. All other categories are based on a full count of directory listings.

Discussion

al House staff. Discussion Since 1977, the number of staff working for the House has grown, though there has been a decrease in recent years. OverallOveral , there have been increases in the number of staff working in chamber leadership offices, and larger increases in the staffing of chamber officers and officials. Staff have shifted from committee settings to leadership settings or the personal offices of Members. Some of these changes may be indicative of the growth of the House as an institution, increased reliance on central y provided technical services (including information technology, legislative drafting, and physical and digital security), or the value the chamber places on its various activities.

One example that may be an indication of institutional development arguably is found in the growth of the number and percentage of staff working in leadership and officers and officials offices, even though that growth has slowed recently. A potential explanation for these changes may be found in what some might characterize as an ongoing professionalization and institutionalization institutionalization of congressional management and administration. Some note that as organizations such as governing institutions develop, they identify needs for expertise and develop specialized practices and processes.¹⁵17 In Congress, some of those areas of specialization arguably include supporting the legislative process through the drafting of measures,; oversight and support of floor activities, and; the management of legislation in a bicameral, partisan environment.

environment; and increased demand to secure information and physical infrastructures that support legislative activities. Another potential explanation related to a more institutionalized, professionalized Congress could be the demands for professional management and support. This could arise as a result of 16 For more information on congressional commissions, see CRS Report R40076, Congressional Commissions: Overview and Considerations for Congress, by Jacob R. Straus; and CRS Report RL33313, Congressional Mem bership and Appointm ent Authority to Advisory Com m issions, Boards, and Groups, by Jacob R. Straus. 17 See, for example, Nelson W. Polsby, “T he Institutionalization of the U.S. House of Representatives,” The American Political Science Review, vol. 62, no. 1 (March 1968), pp. 144 -168. Congressional Research Service 7 House Staff Levels, 1977-2021 congressional use of communications technologies, and the deployment of systematic , centralized professional, professionalized human resources processes, business operations, and financial management. Consequently, increased specialized support of congressional legislative and administrative activities may explain increases among staff working for chamber leaders, and officers and officials.¹⁶

officials.18 In another example, the distribution of staff working directly for Members has shifted from committee settings to personal office settings. House committee staff has decreased. This may represent a shift from collective congressional activities typicallytypical y carried out in committees (including legislative, oversight, and investigative work) to individualized activities typically typical y carried out in Members'’ personal offices (including direct representational activities, constituent service and education, and political activity).19 18 For background on leadership offices, see CRS Report RS20881, Party Leaders in the House: Election, Duties, and Responsibilities, by Valerie Heitshusen and CRS Report 97-780, The Speaker of the House: House Officer, Party Leader, and Representative, by Valerie Heitshusen; for background on support offices, see CRS Report RL33220, Support Offices in the House of Representatives: Roles and Authorities, by Ida A. Brudnick. 19 See CRS Report RL33686, Roles and Duties of a Member of Congress: Brief Overview, by R. Eric Petersen; CRS Report RL34035, Grants Work in a Congressional Office, by Maria Kreiser; and CRS Report RL33209, Casework in a Congressional Office: Background, Rules, Laws, and Resources, by R. Eric Petersen and Sarah J. Eckman . Congressional Research Service 8 Data Tables Table 1. House of Representatives Staff Levels by Category, 1997-2021 Year 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 House Member Office 6,556 6,614 6,737 6,913 6,844 6,884 6,786 7,050 6,737 6,942 Committee 1,891 2,067 1,861 1,991 1,720 1,851 1,867 1,974 1,997 1,980 Leadership 62 69 65 79 58 71 64 65 66 63 Officers and Officials 271 329 357 337 434 437 436 444 445 424 Commissions 51 23 25 21 19 22 23 23 22 19 Totals 8,831 9,102 9,045 9,341 9,075 9,265 9,176 9,556 9,267 9,428 Year 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 House Member Office 6,512 6,864 6,786 6,717 6,825 6,932 7,040 7,284 6,502 6,532 Committee 2,025 2,062 2,062 2,088 2,098 2,233 1,950 1,947 1,258 1,306 Leadership 93 95 88 101 107 106 107 112 125 128 Officers and Officials 434 457 475 495 501 537 359 521 818 704 Commissions 19 22 36 35 29 28 28 27 21 22 Totals 9,083 9,500 9,447 9,436 9,560 9,836 9,484 9,891 8,724 8,692 Year 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 House Member Office 6,893 6,972 6,835 6,737 7,108 7,079 6,737 7,060 7,020 7,089 Committee 1,277 1,361 1,311 1,334 1,295 1,321 1,328 1,399 1,379 1,370 Leadership 132 160 159 165 177 173 179 203 192 190 Officers and Officials 733 737 723 738 750 787 832 861 896 884 Commissions 21 21 22 20 19 29 36 33 34 35 Totals 9,056 9,251 9,050 8,994 9,349 9,389 9,112 9,556 9,521 9,568 CRS-9 Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 House Member Office 7,011 7,226 7,360 7,213 7,330 7,272 6,782 6,713 6,674 6,880 Committee 1,426 1,472 1,362 1,508 1,380 1,381 1,309 1,262 1,255 1,298 Leadership 207 214 219 228 241 236 205 214 212 239 Officers and Officials 1,040 1,056 828 878 993 1,002 1,052 949 946 962 Commissions 34 36 39 40 41 41 38 37 40 41 Totals 9,718 10,004 9,808 9,867 9,985 9,932 9,386 9,175 9,127 9,420 Year 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 House Member Office 6,713 6,586 6,675 6,491 6,329 Committee 1,263 1,269 1,229 1,290 1,320 Leadership 224 236 230 223 238 Officers and Officials 1,007 997 1,057 1,085 1,122 Commissions 40 38 38 24 25 Totals 9,247 9,126 9,229 9,113 9,034 Source: House telephone directories, CRS estimates and calculations. Notes: House Member office data, 1977-2019, are estimates developed from a sample of 45 Member offices for each year, multiplied by the number of Member offices. Member office data for 2020-2021, and al other categories, 1977-2021, are based on a ful service and education, and political activity).¹⁷

Data Tables