Contents

• Overview and Outlook
• Title I: Department of State and Related Agency
• Personnel and Human Resources Management
• Consular and Border Security Programs
• Diplomatic Security and Embassy Construction
• Assessed Contributions to International Organizations and Peacekeeping Missions
• Title II: Administration of Assistance
• Title III: Bilateral Economic Assistance
• Non-Health Economic and Development Assistance
• Humanitarian Assistance
• Global Health Programs
• Independent Agencies and Treasury Programs
• Title IV: International Security Assistance
• Title V: Multilateral Assistance
• Title VI: Export and Investment Assistance

Summary

Congress typically considers 12 distinct appropriations measures on an annual basis to fund federal programs and activities. Between FY2008 and FY2025, one of these measures was the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) appropriations. Beginning in FY2026, Congress retitled this measure as the National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs (NSRP) appropriations. The measure includes funding for U.S. diplomatic activities; cultural exchanges; development, security, and humanitarian assistance; and participation in multilateral organizations, among other international activities. For FY2027, the Trump Administration is requesting $37.79 billion in new budget authority for NSRP accounts. This funding level, if enacted, would be 26.8% less than what Congress provided for FY2026. When including proposed rescissions of certain prior-year balances, the FY2027 request totals $35.51 billion, a 29.1% decrease from the FY2026 enacted NSRP level.

As with previous budget requests and annual SFOPS/NSRP appropriations measures, the budget request is divided into two main components:

• Diplomatic Engagement and Related Accounts. These accounts, which are provided for in Title I of the NSRP bill, primarily support Department of State diplomatic and security activities. The Trump Administration proposes $13.24 billion in new budget authority for Title I accounts in FY2027, a 20.4% decrease from FY2026 enacted levels.
• Foreign Operations. These accounts, which are provided in Titles II-VI of the NSRP bill, have funded most foreign assistance activities. The FY2027 request includes a total of $24.55 billion in new budget authority for these accounts, a 29.9% decrease from total FY2026 enacted levels.

On April 28, 2026, the House Appropriations Committee approved a FY2027 NSRP bill, H.R. 8595. If enacted, the bill would provide $49.21 billion in new budget authority for NSRP accounts, or a net total of $47.37 billion when including rescissions of prior year budget authority.

Table A-1 provides an account-by-account comparison of the FY2027 request and reported legislation with FY2026 and FY2025 enacted funding levels. Table A-2 offers a similar comparison focused specifically on the International Affairs budget (Function 150). Figure A-1 depicts the International Affairs budget account structure.

This report tracks NSRP budget requests and appropriations, comparing funding levels for component accounts and purposes. It does not provide extensive analysis of international affairs policy issues. For in-depth analysis and contextual information on international affairs issues, consult the wide range of CRS reports on specific subjects, such as human rights, diplomatic security, and U.S. participation in the United Nations. For more information on NSRP accounts, see CRS Report R48939, National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs Appropriations: A Guide to Component Accounts.

Overview and Outlook

Annual National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs (NSRP)—previously Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS)—appropriations support a range of U.S. activities around the world.¹ These include the operation of U.S. embassies, diplomatic activities, foreign assistance, U.S. participation in multilateral organizations, and U.S. export promotion activities, among others. The NSRP appropriation closely aligns with the International Affairs budget function (150), which typically represents about 1% of the annual federal budget.²

For FY2027, the Trump Administration is requesting $37.79 billion for NSRP appropriations accounts, or $35.51 billion when including proposed rescissions (see Figure 1). When compared to enacted FY2026 NSRP appropriations, this total would represent a 29.1% decrease. As with its FY2026 proposal, the Administration is not requesting emergency funding for NSRP accounts.³

Figure 1. NSRP/SFOPS Funding: FY2018-FY2027

Source: Prepared by CRS using annual Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Congressional Budget Justifications (CBJs); P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328; P.L. 118-47; P.L. 118-50; P.L. 119-4; P.L. 119-28; P.L. 119-75. Notes: Actual = actual obligation totals as reported in the CBJs. Enacted = the amount appropriated in regular and supplemental SFOPS/NSRP measures. Topline levels are net of rescissions and cancellations.

On April 28, 2026, the House Appropriations Committee approved a FY2027 NSRP bill, H.R. 8595. If enacted, the bill would provide $49.21 billion in new budget authority for NSRP accounts, or a net of $47.37 billion when including rescissions of prior year budget authority. This amount would be 5.4% lower than the FY2026 enacted total for NSRP and 33.4% higher than the President's proposal.

Looking ahead, Members of Congress may proceed with consideration of FY2027 NSRP appropriations in various ways. If Congress pursues regular order for consideration of FY2027 NSRP legislation, H.R. 8595 could proceed to the House floor for consideration, the Senate could move its version through committee and floor consideration, a conference committee could resolve differences between the two measures, and the resulting legislation would be considered and ultimately passed by both chambers before moving to the President for signature. It is also possible that, if the House passes H.R. 8595, the Senate could consider the bill; the two chambers then might exchange amendments until both pass the identical legislation before moving it to the President for signature.⁴ Alternatively, NSRP legislation may be added to an omnibus or minibus appropriations package negotiated outside of the Appropriations Committee process. Congress also may include NSRP in a continuing resolution to fund some or all federal agencies at FY2026 levels for either part or all of FY2027 (for example, a full-year continuing resolution was enacted for FY2025). Congress also may allow appropriations to lapse, leading to a full or partial government shutdown (for example, FY2026 started with a 42-day lapse in appropriations).

As Congress deliberates further action, it might consider the following:

• Unanticipated events, such as natural or human-induced disasters, may lead to proposals and congressional consideration of supplemental and/or emergency funding levels.
• The Administration may transmit additional proposals to rescind previously appropriated funding to Congress for consideration. Congress may also pursue rescissions absent an Administration proposal.
• Legislation authorizing or adjusting program activities and authorizing appropriations for such programs might affect how appropriators consider their proposed FY2027 NSRP legislation, and how other Members debate such measures.

Title I: Department of State and Related Agency

The Department of State and Related Agency title includes appropriations accounts for the State Department's management functions and many non-foreign assistance programs. Such functions and programs include most Foreign Service and Civil Service personnel salaries, passport and visa services, diplomatic security and embassy construction, and U.S. assessed contributions (membership dues) to international organizations and international peacekeeping missions. Congress also funds the U.S. Agency for Global Media (USAGM) in Title I through the International Broadcasting Operations (IBO) and Broadcasting Capital Improvements (BCI) accounts. For FY2027, the Trump Administration proposed a new Title I account, called International Communications Activities, to sustain USAGM statutory functions and language services while "consolidating and coordinating Federal international communications activities under the [State Department's] leadership."⁵ The Administration did not request any FY2027 funding for IBO or BCI.

The Trump Administration's FY2027 request for the Title I accounts totals $13.24 billion, or 20.4% less than the $16.63 billion Congress provided for these accounts in FY2026. Figure 2 provides additional detail regarding the Trump Administration's Title I funding priorities. For a full listing of the Title I accounts and recent proposed and enacted funding levels, see Table A-1.

Figure 2. FY2027 NSRP Title I Request, by Funding Priority

Source: State Department, FY2027 Congressional Budget Justification Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs. Notes: "Ongoing Operations" funds the operating budgets of most of the State Department's regional, functional, and managerial bureaus; diplomatic engagement to advance U.S. national security and foreign policy interests on matters including sanctions enforcement and arms control; public diplomacy programs; and salaries of many of the State Department's Foreign and Civil Service personnel. It encompasses the Human Resources (excluding Worldwide Security Protection, or WSP, American Salaries), Overseas Programs, and Diplomatic Policy & Support funding allocations under the Diplomatic Programs (DP) account, along with a small share of the Security Programs allocation. It is distinct from the WSP funding category.

House Legislation. If enacted, H.R. 8595 would provide $15.15 billion for the Title I appropriations accounts. This funding level is 8.9% less than the FY2026 enacted level and is 14.4% higher than the Administration's FY2027 request.

Personnel and Human Resources Management

The Human Resources category of the Diplomatic Programs (DP) appropriation within Title 1 funds salaries for around two-thirds of State Department Foreign and Civil Service employees, the National Foreign Affairs Training Center (NFATC) tasked with training foreign affairs personnel across the U.S. government, and State Department Bureau of Human Resources operating costs.⁶ The Administration is requesting $3.71 billion for Human Resources funding for FY2027, which totals 6.9% less than the $3.99 billion Congress provided for this category in FY2026.⁷ The Administration notes that this request reflects the State Department's FY2025 reorganization, which resulted in the reduction of 1,680 DP-funded positions (1,506 Civil Service positions and 174 Foreign Service positions) through the Deferred Resignation Program and Reductions in Force, as well as approximately 400 new personnel hired in FY2025 to transition certain USAID functions to the State Department (see Table 1).⁸

House Legislation. H.R. 8595 includes $4.00 billion for the DP Human Resources funding category, which totals 0.4% more than the FY2026 enacted level and 7.8% more than the Administration's FY2027 request. The bill does not specify the number of Civil Service and Foreign Service positions this funding level would support.

Consular and Border Security Programs

Congress established the Consular and Border Security Programs (CBSP) account in 2017 and directed the State Department to deposit collected consular fees and surcharges into this account to expend on consular services, including passport and visa processing.⁹ While fees the State Department deposits into CBSP primarily fund the Bureau of Consular Affairs (CA), some fees are allocated to other bureaus that support CA's operations. The State Department is not authorized to expend passport application and execution fees (PAEF) unless Congress provides annual budget authority.¹⁰ For FY2027, the Administration is requesting authority to spend $533.0 million in PAEF collections.¹¹ The State Department projects that it will spend a total of $5.62 billion in consular fees, most of which do not require annual budget authority, to support consular programs and services in FY2027, which totals 1.7% more than the estimated $5.52 billion in estimated expenditures for FY2026.¹² Priorities the State Department intends to fund through fee expenditures include recruiting, training, and paying of salaries for the consular workforce; expanding passport services for U.S. citizens through the construction of six new passport agencies across the United States; and implementing the Administration's visa and passport fraud prevention policies.¹³

House Legislation. H.R. 8595, if enacted, would provide the State Department $533.0 million in budget authority to expend PAEF collections. This figure is identical to the Administration's request.

Diplomatic Security and Embassy Construction

The Worldwide Security Protection (WSP) allocation within the DP account and the Embassy Security, Construction, and Maintenance (ESCM) account are also known as the NSRP "diplomatic security accounts." WSP is the primary operating appropriation for the Bureau of Diplomatic Security (DS), the State Department's federal law enforcement and security arm responsible for securing hundreds of U.S. diplomatic facilities around the world and protecting more than 70,000 U.S. government personnel from over 25 federal agencies operating overseas.¹⁴ WSP also funds security-related functions for nine other State Department bureaus.¹⁵ ESCM is the primary operating appropriation for the Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations (OBO). OBO is responsible for the "planning, acquisition, design, construction, operations, maintenance, and disposal of U.S. governmental diplomatic and consular property overseas."¹⁶ Congress has long provided budget authority for both WSP and ESCM on either a multi-year or no-year basis. Such action allows the State Department to retain unobligated funds for several years after the fiscal year for which they were appropriated or, in the case of no-year appropriations, indefinitely. Therefore, the annual appropriation Congress provides for WSP and ESCM constitutes only a share of all available funding for these accounts at any point in time (see Figure 3).

Figure 3. Embassy Security, Construction, and Maintenance Available Funding: FY2025-FY2027 Request

Source: White House, Technical Supplement to the 2026 Budget (Appendix), p. 787.

For FY2027, the Trump Administration is requesting a combined $6.11 billion for the diplomatic security accounts, which totals 5.8% more than the funding Congress provided for these accounts in FY2026 (see Figure 4). For WSP, the Administration's request reflects priorities such as modernizing DS's counterintelligence, insider risk, and facility security capabilities, along with establishing a permanent U.S. presence in both Syria and Libya.¹⁷ For ESCM, the request includes $1.03 billion in funding for the Capital Security Cost Sharing (CSCS) and Maintenance Cost Sharing (MCS) programs, which fund the construction, replacement, renovation, and maintenance of U.S. overseas posts. When accounting for further contributions from consular fees and other agencies with personnel assigned to U.S. embassies and other overseas posts, the Administration's total request for these programs is $2.22 billion.¹⁸ This request slightly exceeds the estimated $2.21 billion FY2026 funding level for CSCS/MCS.¹⁹

House Legislation. H.R. 8595 would provide $6.15 billion for the diplomatic security accounts, totaling 6.6% more than the FY2026 enacted level and 0.7% more than the Administration's FY2027 request. H.R. 8595 makes $1.04 billion of these funds available for the CSCS/MCS programs. When combined with additional funding from consular fees and anticipated program contributions from other agencies, available FY2027 resources for CSCS/MCS would total $2.23 billion.²⁰ This figure is 0.6% more than the Administration's FY2027 request.

Assessed Contributions to International Organizations and Peacekeeping Missions

The Contributions to International Organizations (CIO) account traditionally has funded the United States' payments of its annual assessed contributions (membership dues) to over 40 international organizations (IOs). These include the United Nations (UN), UN specialized agencies (such as the Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization), and regional entities (such as NATO).²¹ Separately, the United States has paid its assessed contributions to UN peacekeeping missions through the Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities (CIPA) account. The United States also has provided additional funding to IOs through various NSRP humanitarian and multilateral assistance accounts.

Like the FY2026 request, the FY2027 request seeks to eliminate funding for the UN regular budget; certain UN affiliated agencies; and all UN peacekeeping.²² For CIO, the Administration requested $292.42 million, which totals 78.9% less than the FY2026 funding level of $1.39 billion for this account. The request would eliminate funding for the CIPA account; Congress enacted $1.23 billion for CIPA for FY2026 (see CIO and CIPA in Table A-1).

House Legislation. H.R. 8595, if enacted, would provide a combined $799.7 million for CIO and CIPA, totaling a 69.5% reduction from the FY2026 funding level and a 173.5% increase from the FY2027 request. For CIO, the bill does not include any funding to the UN regular budget and would prohibit funds to the World Health Organization. With regard to CIPA, the bill would give the Secretary of State discretion to support missions that are aligned with U.S. national security interests, while withholding funds from missions "that are ineffective or associated with repeated cases of sexual abuse."²³

Title II: Administration of Assistance

Title II of the NSRP bill has undergone changes since FY2025, primarily related to the Trump Administration's dismantlement of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID).²⁴ Through FY2025 appropriations, Title II was titled "U.S. Agency for International Development" and provided funding for USAID's administrative accounts, including the Operating Expenses (OE), Capital Investment Fund, and Office of Inspector General (OIG) accounts. For FY2026, Congress changed the title to "Administration of Assistance" and appropriated $112.0 million for the Operating Expenses account and $62.5 million for the Office of Inspector General. For FY2027, the Administration is not requesting funding for Title II accounts.

House Legislation. H.R. 8595 would rename Title II "Oversight of Diplomatic Engagement and Foreign Assistance" and provide nearly $186.1 million for the Offices of Inspector General. This would shift funding for the State Department's Office of Inspector General from Title I, where it has traditionally been, and instead combine it with that of the Inspector General responsible for overseeing foreign assistance programs.

Title III: Bilateral Economic Assistance

The bilateral economic assistance title typically provides funding for bilateral foreign assistance programs (excluding security assistance), independent agencies, and select Department of the Treasury international programs. For FY2027, the Administration is requesting $15.75 billion in new budget authority for Title III accounts. If enacted, this level would be a reduction of 32.6% from the FY2026 enacted level.

House Legislation. H.R. 8595 would provide $22.45 billion for Title III accounts. This total is 42.5% higher than the President's request and 3.9% lower than the FY2026 enacted level.

Non-Health Economic and Development Assistance

The non-health economic and development assistance accounts in Title III typically provide funding for programs across sectors such as democracy and governance, agriculture and food security, basic and higher education, and energy and the environment, among others. For FY2026, Congress made changes to these accounts by (1) establishing the National Security Investment Programs (NSIP) account, which combined the authorities of the prior Development Assistance, Economic Support Fund, and Assistance for Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia accounts; and (2) eliminating funding for the Transition Initiatives and Complex Crises Fund accounts.

For FY2027, the Administration is proposing $5.00 billion for an America First Opportunity Fund (A1OF), which would essentially hold the same authorities as NSIP. The Administration is not requesting funding for the Democracy Fund (DF) account, noting that "programs previously funded through this account could be funded through the America First Opportunity Fund" (see Figure 5).²⁵

Figure 5. Non-Health Economic and Development Assistance Accounts: FY2025-FY2027

Source: P.L. 118-47; P.L. 119-4; P.L. 119-28; P.L. 119-75; State Department, FY2027 Congressional Budget Justification Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs; H.R. 8595. Notes: DA = Development Assistance; TI = Transition Initiatives; CCF = Complex Crises Fund; ESF = Economic Support Fund; DF = Democracy Fund; AEECA = Assistance for Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia; A1OF = America First Opportunity Fund; NSIP = National Security Investment Programs.

House Legislation. H.R. 8595 would maintain the FY2026 accounts, providing $6.89 billion for NSIP and $205.2 million for DF. Consistent with the FY2026 NSRP Act, the House legislation includes a provision in the General Provisions that would make available up to $1.50 billion in certain Title III and Title IV funds for the A1OF.²⁶ The report accompanying the bill directs $750.0 million in NSIP for the A1OF.²⁷

Humanitarian Assistance

Title III humanitarian assistance accounts provide for relief for disaster-struck nations, emergency food assistance, refugee assistance and protection activities, and resettlement of refugees, among other activities. For FY2026, in line with the President's request, Congress established the International Humanitarian Assistance (IHA) account, combining the authorities of the prior International Disaster Assistance (IDA) and Migration and Refugee Assistance (MRA) accounts, and provided funding for the Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance (ERMA) account. For FY2027, the Administration is requesting funds for those same two accounts: $4.00 billion for IHA and $500.0 million for ERMA (see Figure 6).

Figure 6. Humanitarian Assistance Accounts: FY2025-FY2027

Source: P.L. 118-47; P.L. 119-4; P.L. 119-28; P.L. 119-75; State Department, FY2027 Congressional Budget Justification Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs; H.R. 8595. Notes: IDA = International Disaster Assistance; MRA = Migration and Refugee Assistance; ERMA = Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance; IHA = International Humanitarian Assistance. The ERMA appropriation for FY2025, $100,000, is too small to be visible in the figure.

House Legislation. H.R. 8595 would provide $5.00 billion for IHA and $100.0 million for ERMA.

Global Health Programs

The Global Health Programs (GHP) account typically funds a range of health assistance activities. Congress directs funds for specific health programs in a GHP subaccount allocation table in the joint explanatory statement or report(s) accompanying the legislation. For FY2027, the Administration is requesting $5.12 billion for GHP (see Table 2). The Administration does not include requests for subaccounts. The Administration asserts it would invest in programs that align with its America First Global Health Strategy and the bilateral Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) it is pursuing, and that "[t]he Request provides the Secretary with greater flexibility to program global health assistance based on outcomes of negotiations with partner governments and the specific needs of countries and their unique disease burdens."²⁸

House Legislation. H.R. 8595 would provide a total of $8.88 billion for GHP. Consistent with prior years, the report accompanying the legislation includes allocations for subaccounts.

Independent Agencies and Treasury Programs

For FY2026, in addition to its appropriations for the four, longstanding independent agencies—the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC), Peace Corps, Inter-American Foundation (IAF), and U.S. Africa Development Foundation (USADF)—Congress included an appropriation for the new U.S. Foundation for Natural Security and Counterterrorism. For FY2027, the Administration proposes funding for the MCC and Peace Corps, and seeks to eliminate funding for IAF, USADF, and U.S. Foundation for Natural Security and Counterterrorism. For Treasury accounts, the Administration requests funding at similar levels to the FY2026 appropriation. For account-level details, see Table A-1.

House Legislation. H.R. 8595 would provide level funding for the Millennium Challenge Corporation, Peace Corps, and U.S. Foundation for Natural Security and Counterterrorism when compared to FY2026. Consistent with the President's request, it would eliminate funding for IAF and USADF. For Treasury accounts, the House measure would eliminate funding for Debt Restructuring, noting that "The Committee includes transfer authority for such purpose under the Treasury International Assistance Programs account [in Title V]."²⁹

Title IV: International Security Assistance

The five security assistance accounts have remained consistent across recent budget cycles. For FY2027, however, the Administration has proposed renaming the Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) account to be the National Security Engagement Assistance (NSEA) account. The Administration also seeks to reduce funding for that account by 92.0% when compared to the FY2026 enacted level. This would represent the steepest proposed reduction to any of the Title IV accounts (see Figure 7).

Figure 7. Security Assistance Accounts: FY2025-FY2027

Source: P.L. 118-47; P.L. 119-4; P.L. 119-28; P.L. 119-75; State Department, FY2027 Congressional Budget Justification Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs; H.R. 8595. Notes: NADR = Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining, and Related Programs; PKO = Peacekeeping Operations; NSEA = National Security Engagement Assistance; SSP = Security Sector Programs; IMET = International Military Education and Training; FMF = Foreign Military Financing; INCLE = International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement.

House Legislation. H.R. 8595 would rename PKO to be the Security Sector Programs (SSP) account and reduce its funding by 29.9% when compared to the FY2026 PKO enacted level. Funding amounts provided for the other four accounts would be level with, or higher than, FY2026 enacted amounts.

Title V: Multilateral Assistance

For Title V, the Trump Administration proposes $1.21 billion for FY2027 for contributions to various multilateral entities (for account-level details, see Table A-1). This total, if enacted, would be a reduction of 35.5% from FY2026 enacted levels. The Administration asserts that such a reduction seeks to "return the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the rest of the international financial institutions (IFIs) to their core missions to spur poverty reduction and economic growth, and build and preserve economic stability" while also maintaining American leadership at such institutions.³⁰ When compared to the FY2026 NSRP law, a significant change proposed for FY2027 is the zeroing out of both the International Organizations and Programs (IO&P) and Global Environment Facility accounts.

House Legislation. H.R. 8595 would provide 25.7% less than the Administration's request for Title V accounts. Like the request, it would eliminate funding for IO&P. However, while the bill would fund the Global Environment Facility, it would provide reduced funding, compared to the request, for the International Development Association, African Development Bank, and International Fund for Agricultural Development.

Title VI: Export and Investment Assistance

Title VI typically provides funding for three agencies: the Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank), the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC), and the U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA).³¹ For Ex-Im and DFC, offsetting collections are meant to reduce each agency's budgetary impact. For FY2027, the Administration is proposing $277.5 million for these agencies, inclusive of offsetting collections. When compared to FY2026 enacted appropriations, the Ex-Im operating budget would more than double under the request (from $153.9 million to $357.6 million), while DFC and USTDA's operating and program budgets would be reduced by 18.3% and 11.5%, respectively.

House Legislation. H.R. 8595 would provide a total of $887.3 million for the Title VI agencies, inclusive of offsetting collections. If enacted, when compared to FY2026 enacted levels, H.R. 8595 would provide modest increases to the Ex-Im and DFC operating budgets—6.5% and 1.1%, respectively—and keep level the USTDA budget.

Appendix. Supplementary Tables and Figures

The following tables and figure provide additional detail on the funding described in this report. Table A-1 provides an account-by-account comparison of the FY2025 and FY2026 enacted levels, the FY2027 request, and the FY2027 House recommendation for the National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs (NSRP) budget. Table A-2 offers a similar comparison focused specifically on the International Affairs budget (Function 150). Figure A-1 depicts the International Affairs budget account structure.

Figure A-1. International Affairs Budget Components

Source: Created by CRS.

Footnotes