This report describes actions to provide FY2026 appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) accounts. The annual CJS appropriations act provides funding for the Department of Commerce, which includes bureaus and offices such as the Census Bureau, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology; the Department of Justice (DOJ), which includes agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Bureau of Prisons, the U.S. Marshals Service, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Offices of the U.S. Attorneys; the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; the National Science Foundation; and several related agencies such as the Legal Services Corporation and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
The Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 (FY2025 CR, P.L. 119-4) provides FY2025 funding for most CJS accounts at the FY2024 enacted level. The CR reduced funding for several CJS accounts relative to the FY2024 enacted appropriation. The reductions were the result of eliminating certain funding in CJS accounts that was for community funding projects (also known as earmarks) in FY2024. The CR also increased funding for two DOJ accounts and increased the obligation cap for the Crime Victims Fund.
For FY2026, the Administration requests a total of $67.719 billion for the departments and agencies funded through CJS. This amount is $14.781 billion (-17.9%) less than regular FY2025 enacted funding for CJS ($82.501 billion). The Administration's request includes $9.020 billion for the Department of Commerce, which is $1.368 billion (-13.2%) less than the FY2025 regular appropriation; $35.271 billion for DOJ, which is $1.695 billion (-4.6%) less than the FY2025 regular appropriation; $22.722 billion for the science agencies, which is $11.186 billion (-33.0%) less than the FY2025 regular appropriation; and $705 million for the related agencies, which is $532 million (-43.0%) less than the FY2025 regular appropriation.
The Senate Committee on Appropriations marked up and reported its FY2026 CJS appropriations bill (S. 2354) on July 17, 2025. The bill would provide a total of $82.953 billion for CJS departments and agencies. This amount is $453 million (+0.5%) more than the FY2025 regular appropriation for CJS and $15.234 billion (+22.5%) more than the Administration's FY2026 request. The committee-reported bill includes $10.874 billion for the Department of Commerce, which is $486 million (+4.7%) more than the FY2025 regular appropriation and $1.854 billion (+20.6%) more than the Administration's request; $36.920 billion for DOJ, which is $47 million (-0.1%) less than the FY2025 regular appropriation and $1.649 billion (+4.7%) more than the Administration's request; $33.910 billion for the science agencies, which is $1 million (<+0.1%) more than the FY2025 regular appropriation and $11.187 billion (+49.2%) more than the Administration's request; and $1.249 billion for the related agencies, which is $12 million (+1.0%) more than the FY2025 regular appropriation and $544 million (+77.1%) more than the Administration's request.
This report describes actions to provide FY2026 appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) accounts. This report also provides information on FY2025 appropriations for CJS. (Enacted funding for CJS for the past 10 fiscal years can be found in Table A-1.) The dollar amounts in this report reflect only new appropriations made available for a fiscal year. Therefore, the amounts do not include any rescissions of unobligated or deobligated balances that may be counted as offsets to newly enacted appropriations, nor do they include any scorekeeping adjustments (e.g., the budgetary effects of provisions limiting the availability of the balance in the Crime Victims Fund). In this report, percentage changes are calculated using whole, not rounded, numbers, meaning that in some instances there may be small differences between the actual percentage change and the percentage change that would be calculated by using the rounded amounts discussed in the report. In some instances, amounts in this report differ from amounts for the same account in previous editions of CRS CJS appropriations reports because past reports did not reflect supplemental budget requests or because there were differences in how legislative proposals are scored by the Office of Management and Budget and the Congressional Budget Office.
The annual CJS appropriations act provides funding for the Department of Commerce, the Department of Justice (DOJ), select science agencies, and several related agencies. Appropriations for the Department of Commerce include funding for bureaus and offices such as the Census Bureau, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Appropriations for DOJ provide funding for agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation; the Bureau of Prisons; the U.S. Marshals; the Drug Enforcement Administration; and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, along with funding for a variety of public safety-related grant programs for state, local, and tribal governments. The vast majority of funding for the science agencies goes to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation.1 The annual appropriation for the related agencies includes funding for agencies such as the Legal Services Corporation and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
The mission of the Department of Commerce is to "create the conditions for economic growth and opportunity."2 The department "works to drive U.S. economic competitiveness, strengthen domestic industry, and spur the growth of quality jobs in all communities across the country."3 It has wide-ranging responsibilities including trade, economic development, technology, entrepreneurship and business development, monitoring the environment, forecasting weather, managing marine resources, and statistical research and analysis. The department pursues and implements policies that affect trade and economic development by working to open new markets for U.S. goods and services and promoting pro-growth business policies. It also invests in research and development to foster innovation.
The agencies within the Department of Commerce, and their responsibilities, include the following:
DOJ's mission is to "uphold the rule of law, to keep our country safe, and to protect civil rights."4 DOJ also provides legal advice and opinions, upon request, to the President and executive branch department heads.
The major DOJ offices and agencies and their functions are as follows:
The science offices and agencies support research and development and related activities across a wide variety of federal missions, including national competitiveness, space exploration, and fundamental discovery.
The annual CJS appropriations act includes funding for several related agencies:
On March 15, 2025, President Trump signed into law the Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 (CR, P.L. 119-4), which provided FY2025 funding for most CJS accounts at the FY2024 enacted level (see Table 1). The CR reduced funding for the following:
These reductions represent the FY2024 amount provided to these accounts for community funding projects/congressionally directed spending (also known as earmarks).12
The CR increased funding for two CJS accounts: DOJ's Justice Information Sharing Technology, from $30 million to $38 million, and USMS's Federal Prisoner Detention account, from $2.100 billion to $2.236 billion. The CR also increased the obligation cap on the Crime Victims Fund to $1.900 billion.
In total, the CR provided $82.501 billion in regular appropriations for CJS. In addition to the amounts provided in the CR, $3.540 billion in supplemental appropriations were provided for CJS agencies in P.L. 118-158 (see Table 2). There was also $1.400 billion in advance appropriations provided through the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA, P.L. 117-58) and the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (P.L. 117-159) that were available to CJS agencies for FY2025 (see Table 3).
|
Availability of Emergency Designated Funding for FY2025 The FY2024 CJS Appropriations Act (Division C of P.L. 118-42) provided $2.000 billion in appropriations designated by Congress and the President as being for an emergency requirement under Section 251(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (BBEDCA). Per Section 1110 of the CR, funds provided for FY2025 in the CR that were designated by Congress as an emergency requirement in covered appropriations acts for FY2024 will retain such designations under the CR. Furthermore, Section 1110(b) of the CR establishes that "each amount" provided by the CR and designated by Congress as an emergency requirement will only become available for obligation if "the President subsequently so designates all such amounts and transmits such designations to the Congress." The inclusion of such language, or similar language, in appropriations acts making the availability of all emergency-designated funds in the measure contingent on the President subsequently designating all such amounts as an emergency requirement has been common in recent decades. On March 24, 2025, OMB submitted a memorandum to Congress designating as an emergency requirement only certain amounts provided by the CR, including only $1.441 billion of the $2.000 billion in FY2025 funding for CJS accounts that Congress had designated as an emergency requirement. The FY2025 amounts for CJS in Table 1 include all emergency designated funding, regardless of whether the Administration concurred with the designation. |
For FY2026, the Administration requests a total of $67.719 billion for the departments and agencies funded through CJS. This amount is $14.781 billion (-17.9%) less than regular FY2025 enacted funding for CJS ($82.501 billion). The Administration's request includes the following:
There were some instances where the Administration requests increased funding for some CJS accounts:
Even though the Administration requests increased funding for several CJS accounts, proposed funding for the Commerce and Justice Departments, NASA, NSF, and the related agencies would be less than the FY2025 regular appropriation due to proposed reductions in other accounts in these departments and agencies. The Administration proposes funding most CJS accounts at a level below the FY2025 regular appropriation. The Administration did not request funding for
Also, while the Administration did request funding for EDA, MBDA, LSC, and the Marine Mammal Commission, it proposes shuttering these agencies. Requested funding would be to facilitate an orderly shutdown of each agency's operations.
The Administration's FY2026 budget also proposes moving the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from the U.S. Department of Labor to the U.S. Department of Commerce and moving the High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA) program from the Office of National Drug Control Policy to DOJ.
|
Assembling the Administration's FY2026 Budget Request The amounts for the Administration's FY2026 budget request for CJS were taken from budget documents published by the Departments of Commerce and Justice, NASA, and NSF. The appendix to the President's FY2026 budget was used to compile amounts for the Administration's request for the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the National Space Council, and the related agencies. In some instances, there were discrepancies between requested amounts for some accounts in the budget request published by the Department of Commerce and the appendix to the President's budget. In such cases, the amount in the budget request from the Department of Commerce were used. In past versions of CRS reports on CJS appropriations, amounts for the Administration's request were adjusted to reflect the amounts provided in either the House or Senate report to accompany the CJS appropriations bill. The amounts for the Administration's request in the House or Senate report reflect Congressional Budget Office (CBO) scoring of the Administration's proposed budget. Adjustments to the Administration's budget request usually affected accounts with offsetting fee collections, such as the USPTO or DOJ's Antitrust Division, and the estimate of the amount needed to pay death benefits under DOJ's Public Safety Officers Benefits program. The report to accompany the FY2026 CJS appropriations bill reported by the Senate Committee on Appropriations did not include the Administration's budget request, so the amounts in Table 1 reflect what was presented in the budget documents from Departments of Commerce and Justice, NASA, NSF, and the appendix to the President's FY2026 budget. |
The Senate Committee on Appropriations marked up and reported its FY2026 CJS appropriations bill (S. 2354) on July 17, 2025. The bill would provide a total of $82.953 billion for CJS departments and agencies. The amount in the committee-reported bill is $453 million (+0.5%) more than the FY2025 regular appropriation for CJS and $15.234 billion (+22.5%) more than the Administration's FY2026 request. The committee-reported bill includes the following:
The Senate committee-reported bill would generally fund Department of Commerce accounts at a level equal to or above the FY2025 regular appropriation. However, the bill would reduce funding for the ITA (-$18 million, -2.9%); EDA's Salaries and Expenses (-$2 million, -2.9%) and Economic Development Assistance Programs (-$40 million, -10.0%) accounts; MBDA (-$13 million, -19.4%); BEA (-$3 million, -2.4%); NTIA's Salaries and Expenses (-$2 million, -3.5%); and NOAA's Procurement, Acquisition, and Construction account (-$110 million, -6.4%). The committee-reported bill would fund most Commerce accounts at a level above the Administration's request, with the exception of the Census Bureau's Periodic Censuses and Programs account (-$196 million, -14.1%). The Senate Committee on Appropriations did not adopt the Administration's proposal to shutter EDA and MBDA, and it provided funding for NIST's Manufacturing Assistance Partnership and NOAA's Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund. The committee did not adopt the Administration's proposal to move BLS to the Department of Commerce.
The Senate committee-reported bill would fund most DOJ accounts at a level equal to or below the FY2025 regular appropriation. The bill would increase funding for Justice information Sharing Technology (+$12 million, +30.0%), Fees and Expenses of Witnesses (+$50 million, +18.5%), USMS's Salaries and Expenses (+$20 million, +1.2%), OVW (+$7 million, +1.0%), and COPS (+$83 million, +19.9%). The committee-reported bill would generally fund most DOJ accounts at a level equal to or greater than the Administration's request, though funding for the Executive Office for Immigration Review (-$40 million, -4.8%), USAO (-$169 million, -6.1%), USMS's Salaries and Expenses (-$11 million, -0.6%) and Federal Prisoner Detention ($-302 million, -11.9%) accounts, the FBI's Construction account (-$5 million, -25.0%), and BOP's Salaries and Expenses account (-$357 million, -4.1%) would be funded at a level below the Administration's request. The committee did not adopt the Administration's proposal to close the Community Relations Service and the bill includes funding for the Interagency Law Enforcement account. The bill does not provide funding for HIDTA under DOJ.
The Senate committee-reported bill would fund most of NASA's accounts at a level above the FY2025 regular appropriation, though the committee proposed reductions for the Science (-$34 million, -0.5%), Space Technology (-$125 million, -11.4%), and Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration (-$25 million, -8.3%) accounts. The bill would fund all of NASA's accounts at a level above the Administration's request, with the exception of the Exploration account (-$530 million, -6.4%). The committee did not adopt the Administration's proposal to zero out funding for the STEM Engagement account.
The Senate committee-reported bill would reduce funding for NSF overall by $60 million (-0.7%) relative to the FY2025 regular appropriation. The bill proposed increasing funding for the Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction account (+116 million, +49.6%), but this is offset by proposed reductions to the STEM Education (-$172 million, -14.7%) and Agency Operations and Award Management (-$4 million, -0.9%) accounts. The bill would fund all NSF accounts at a level above the Administration's request.
The Senate committee-reported bill would fund the related agencies at a level equal to or greater than the FY2025 regular appropriation. Most of the related agencies would be funded at a level greater than the Administration's request under the committee's bill, though the committee did not provide the requested increase for the International Trade Commission and the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative. The committee did not adopt the Administration's proposal to shutter LSC and the Marine Mammal Commission.
Table 1. Funding for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS): FY2025 Enacted Funding, the Administration's FY2026 Requested Funding, and the Senate Committee-Reported Amounts
(appropriations in millions of dollars)
|
Departments and Related Agencies |
FY2025 Enacteda |
FY2026 Administration's Request |
FY2026 Senate Committee-Reported Bill |
FY2026 House Committee-Reported Bill |
FY2026 Enacted |
|
Department of Commerce |
|||||
|
International Trade Administration |
$623.0b |
$440.0 |
$605.0 |
||
|
Offsetting Fee Collections (International Trade Administration) |
-12.0 |
-20.0 |
-12.0 |
||
|
Bureau of Industry and Security |
191.0c |
303.0 |
211.0 |
||
|
Economic Development Administration |
468.0 |
30.0 |
426.0 |
||
|
Salaries and Expenses |
(68.0) |
(30.0) |
(66.0) |
||
|
Economic Development Assistance Programs |
(400.0d) |
— |
(360.0) |
||
|
Minority Business Development Agency |
68.3 |
7.3 |
55.0 |
||
|
Economic and Statistical Analysis |
125.0 |
116.0 |
122.0 |
||
|
Census Bureau |
1,382.5 |
1,676.5 |
1,520.3 |
||
|
Current Surveys and Programs |
(328.5) |
(288.5) |
(328.5) |
||
|
Periodic Censuses and Programs |
(1,054.0) |
(1,388.0) |
(1,191.8) |
||
|
National Telecommunications and Information Administration |
59.0 |
47.0 |
57.0 |
||
|
Salaries and Expenses |
(57.0) |
(46.0) |
(55.0) |
||
|
Facilities Management and Construction |
(2.0) |
(1.0) |
(2.0) |
||
|
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)e |
4,554.9 |
4,993.7f |
4,996.1 |
||
|
Offsetting Fee Receipts (USPTO) |
-4,554.9 |
-4,996.1 |
-4,996.1 |
||
|
National Institute of Standards and Technology |
1,156.9 |
833.4 |
1,604.5 |
||
|
Scientific and Technical Research and Services |
(857.2) |
(708.7g) |
(1,006.6) |
||
|
Industrial Technology Services |
(212.0) |
(37.0) |
(212.0) |
||
|
Manufacturing Extension Partnership |
(175.0) |
— |
(175.0) |
||
|
(37.0) |
(37.0) |
(37.0) |
|||
|
Construction of Research Facilities, new appropriation |
(87.8) |
(87.8) |
(386.0) |
||
|
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
6,182.5 |
4.863.3 |
6,141.3 |
||
|
Operations, Research, and Facilitiesi |
(4,409.0) |
(3,420.9j) |
(4,477.6) |
||
|
Procurement, Acquisition, and Construction |
(1,719.9k) |
(1,454.6) |
(1,610.0) |
||
|
Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund |
(65.0) |
— |
(65.0) |
||
|
Fishermen's Contingency Fund |
(0.3) |
(0.3) |
(0.3) |
||
|
Fisheries Finance Program Account |
(-12.0) |
(-12.8) |
(-12.0) |
||
|
Fisheries Disaster Assistance Fund |
(0.3) |
(0.3) |
(0.3) |
||
|
Bureau of Labor Statistics |
— |
580.0 |
— |
||
|
Departmental Managementl |
95.6 |
95.6 |
95.6 |
||
|
Office of the Inspector General |
48.0 |
50.5m |
48.0 |
||
|
Subtotal: Department of Commerce |
10,387.8 |
9,020.1 |
10,873.8 |
||
|
Department of Justice |
|||||
|
General Administration |
1,159.5 |
1,123.0 |
1,125.0 |
||
|
Justice Operations, Management, and Accountabilityn |
(142.0) |
(142.0) |
(142.0) |
||
|
Justice Information Sharing Technology |
(38.5) |
(50.0) |
(50.0) |
||
|
Executive Office of Immigration Review |
(840.0) |
(834.0) |
(794.0) |
||
|
Office of the Inspector General |
(139.0) |
(97.0) |
(139.0) |
||
|
U.S. Parole Commission |
14.0 |
12.5 |
13.5 |
||
|
Legal Activities |
3,969.7 |
3,974.7 |
4,041.7 |
||
|
General Legal Activities |
(1,090.0) |
(896.9) |
(1,028.0) |
||
|
U.S. Attorneys |
(2,611.0) |
(2,780.4) |
(2,611.0) |
||
|
Antitrust Division |
(233.0) |
(233.0) |
(310.0) |
||
|
Offsetting Fee Collections (Antitrust Division) |
(-304.0) |
(-301.0) |
(-310.0) |
||
|
U.S. Trustee Program |
(245.0) |
(201.0) |
(220.0) |
||
|
Offsetting Fee Collections (U.S. Trustee Program) |
(-245.0) |
(-201.4) |
(-205.0) |
||
|
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission |
(2.5) |
(2.5) |
(2.5) |
||
|
Fees and Expenses of Witnesses |
(270.0) |
(320.0) |
(320.0) |
||
|
Community Relations Service |
(24.0) |
— |
(22.0) |
||
|
Assets Forfeiture Fundo |
(20.5) |
(20.5) |
(20.5) |
||
|
Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund |
(22.7) |
(22.7) |
(22.7) |
||
|
United States Marshals Service |
3,943.0 |
4,268.6 |
3,960.0 |
||
|
Salaries and Expenses |
(1,692.0p) |
(1,722.6) |
(1,712.0) |
||
|
Construction |
(15.0) |
(8.0) |
(12.0) |
||
|
Federal Prisoner Detention |
(2,236.0q) |
(2,538.0) |
(2,236.0) |
||
|
National Security Division |
128.0 |
117.2 |
122.0 |
||
|
Interagency Law Enforcement |
547.0 |
— |
537.0 |
||
|
Federal Bureau of Investigation |
10,673.7 |
10,118.6 |
10,658.7 |
||
|
Salaries and Expenses |
(10,643.7) |
(10,098.6) |
(10,643.7) |
||
|
Construction |
(30.0) |
(20.0) |
(15.0) |
||
|
Drug Enforcement Administration |
2,567.0r |
2,455.2 |
2,567.0 |
||
|
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives |
1,625.0 |
1,207.4 |
1,625.0 |
||
|
Federal Prison System |
8,575.1 |
8,869.5 |
8,575.1 |
||
|
Salaries and Expenses |
(8,392.6) |
(8,749.8) |
(8,392.6) |
||
|
Building and Facilities |
(179.8) |
(117.0) |
(179.8) |
||
|
Limitation on Administrative Expenses, Federal Prison Industries |
(2.7) |
(2.7) |
(2.7) |
||
|
Office on Violence Against Women |
713.0s |
505.5 |
720.0s |
||
|
Office of Justice Programs |
2,714.8 |
2,275.1 |
2,554.9 |
||
|
Research, Evaluation, and Statistics |
(65.0) |
(55.0) |
(60.0) |
||
|
State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance |
(2,000.0t) |
(1,514.8) |
(1,878.1) |
||
|
Juvenile Justice Programs |
(375.0) |
(300.5) |
(380.0) |
||
|
High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas |
— |
(196.0) |
— |
||
|
Public Safety Officers Benefits |
(274.8) |
(208.8) |
(236.8) |
||
|
Community Oriented Policing Services |
417.2 |
344.4 |
500.2 |
||
|
Obligation Cap on the Crime Victims Fund |
1,900.0 |
1,900.0 |
1,900.0 |
||
|
Offsetting Receipts |
-1,900.0 |
-1,900.0 |
-1,900.0 |
||
|
Subtotal: Department of Justice |
36,966.9 |
35,271.6 |
36,920.1 |
||
|
Science Agencies |
|||||
|
Office of Science and Technology Policy |
8.0 |
8.0 |
8.0 |
||
|
National Space Council |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
||
|
National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
24,838.3 |
18,809.1 |
24,899.7 |
||
|
Science |
(7,334.2) |
(3,907.6) |
(7,300.0) |
||
|
Aeronautics |
(935.0) |
(588.7) |
(950.0) |
||
|
Space Technology |
(1,100.0) |
(568.9) |
(975.0) |
||
|
Exploration |
(7,666.2u) |
(8,312.9) |
(7,783.0) |
||
|
Space Operations |
(4,220.0) |
(3,131.9) |
(4,314.0) |
||
|
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Engagement |
(143.0) |
— |
(148.0) |
||
|
Safety, Security, and Mission Services |
(3,092.3) |
(2,118.3) |
(3,107.1) |
||
|
Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration |
(300.0q) |
(140.1) |
(275.0) |
||
|
Inspector General |
(47.6) |
(40.7) |
(47.6) |
||
|
National Science Foundation |
9,060.0 |
3,903.2 |
9,000.0 |
||
|
Research and Related Activities |
(7,176.5) |
(3,276.2) |
(7,176.5) |
||
|
STEM Education |
(1,172.0) |
— |
(1,000.0) |
||
|
Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction |
(234.0v) |
(251.0) |
(350.0) |
||
|
Agency Operations and Award Management |
(448.0) |
(355.0) |
(444.0) |
||
|
National Science Board |
(5.1) |
(3.0) |
(5.1) |
||
|
Office of the Inspector General |
(24.4) |
(18.0) |
(24.4) |
||
|
Subtotal: Science Agencies |
33,908.3 |
22,722.2 |
33,909.6 |
||
|
Related Agencies |
|||||
|
U.S. Commission on Civil Rights |
14.4 |
13.0 |
14.4 |
||
|
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission |
455.0 |
435.4 |
455.0 |
||
|
International Trade Commission |
122.0 |
134.0 |
122.0 |
||
|
Legal Services Corporation |
560.0 |
21.0 |
566.0 |
||
|
Marine Mammal Commission |
4.5 |
1.0 |
4.5 |
||
|
Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, Salaries and Expenses |
59.0 |
72.0 |
65.0 |
||
|
Trade Enforcement Trust Fund |
15.0 |
23.0 |
15.0 |
||
|
State Justice Institute |
7.6 |
6.0 |
7.6 |
||
|
Subtotal: Related Agencies |
1,237.5 |
705.4 |
1,249.5 |
||
|
CJS Total |
82,500.5 |
67,719.2 |
82,953.0 |
||
|
Rescission of Unobligated Balances |
-10,300.0 |
-2,661.7 |
-305.0 |
||
Sources: FY2025 enacted amounts were taken from the report to accompany the Senate committee-reported FY2026 CJS appropriations bill (S. 2354). The Administration's request was taken from the congressional budget submission for the Commerce and Justice departments, NASA, and NSF, and the appendix for the President's FY2026 budget submission. The amounts for the Senate committee-reported bill were taken from S.Rept. 119-44.
Notes: The accounts presented in are consistent with those used by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) to score the CJS appropriations bill. Amounts in parentheses are subaccounts and not offsets. The FY2025 amounts for CJS in Table 1 include all emergency designated funding, regardless of whether the Administration concurred with the designation (see text box "Availability of Emergency Designated Funding for FY2025" for more information).
a. FY2025 enacted amounts do not include any appropriations from the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA, P.L. 117-58) or the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (BSCA, P.L. 117-159).
b. This amount includes $50 million in emergency-designated funding.
c. This amount includes $20 million in emergency-designated funding.
d. This amount includes $30 million in emergency-designated funding.
e. Funding for the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is fully derived from user fees.
f. The appendix to the President's FY2026 budget indicates a request of $4.996 billion for the USPTO.
g. The appendix to the President's FY2026 budget indicates a request of $707 million for NIST's Scientific and Technical Research and Services account.
h. The Manufacturing USA Program was formerly known as the National Network for Manufacturing Innovation.
i. The amount for the Operations, Research, and Facilities account includes a transfer from the Promote and Develop Fishery Products and Research Pertaining to American Fisheries Fund.
j. The appendix to the President's FY2026 budget indicates a request of $3.058 billion for NOAA's Operations, Research, and Facilities account.
k. This amount includes $100 million in emergency-designated funding.
l. This amount includes Salaries and Expenses for the management of the Department of Commerce and funding for the renovation and modernization of the Herbert C. Hoover Building.
m. The appendix to the President's FY2026 budget indicates a request of $48 million for the Office of the Inspector General.
n. This account was formerly called the "General Administration, Salaries and Expenses" account. The account name was changed in P.L. 118-42.
o. As a part of the annual CJS appropriations act, Congress traditionally sets a limit on the amount of expenses that can be paid for the purposes authorized under subparagraphs (B), (F), and (G) of Section 524(c)(1) of Title 28 of the United States Code.
p. This amount includes $163 million in emergency-designated funding.
q. This amount includes $250 million in emergency-designated funding.
r. This amount includes $328 million in emergency-designated funding.
s. This amount includes an $80 million transfer from the Crime Victims Fund to the Office on Violence Against Women.
t. The amount designated as emergency funding in the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account in FY2024 did not carry over to FY2025 under the CR.
u. This amount includes $450 million in emergency-designated funding.
v. This amount includes $234 million in emergency-designated funding.
The Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2025 (Division A of P.L. 118-158) provided $17 million in supplemental funding for the FBI for FY2025. The Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2025 (Division B of P.L. 118-158) provided $3.370 billion in supplemental appropriations for certain CJS agencies for FY2025. A breakdown of funding provided under Division B of P.L. 118-158 is provided in Table 2.
|
Division A of P.L. 118-158 |
Division B of P.L. 118-158 |
|
|
Department of Commerce |
||
|
Economic Development Administration |
— |
$1,510.0 |
|
Economic Development Assistance Programs |
— |
(1,510.0) |
|
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
— |
1,043.0 |
|
Operations, Research, and Facilities |
— |
(244.0) |
|
Procurement, Acquisition, and Construction |
— |
(499.0) |
|
Fisheries Disaster Assistance |
— |
(300.0) |
|
Department of Justice |
||
|
United States Marshals Service |
— |
12.0 |
|
Salaries and Expenses |
— |
(12.0) |
|
Federal Bureau of Investigation |
$16.7 |
— |
|
Salaries and Expenses |
(16.7) |
— |
|
Federal Prison System |
— |
64.8 |
|
Buildings and Facilities |
— |
(64.8) |
|
Science Agencies |
||
|
National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
— |
740.2 |
|
Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration |
— |
(740.2) |
|
Total |
16.7 |
3,370.0 |
Source: Text of P.L. 118-158.
Notes: The accounts presented in Table 2 are consistent with those used by CBO to score the CJS appropriations bill. Amounts in parentheses are subaccounts and not offsets.
As shown in Table 3, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA, P.L. 117-58) provided advance appropriations for FY2025 and FY2026 for one NTIA program and two NOAA accounts.13 The Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (P.L. 117-159) also provided advance appropriations for FY2025 and FY2026 for DOJ grant programs under the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance and Community Oriented Policing Services accounts.
|
FY2025 |
FY2026 |
|
|
Department of Commerce |
||
|
National Telecommunications and Information Administration |
$550.0 |
$550.0 |
|
Digital Equity |
(550.0) |
(550.0) |
|
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
550.0 |
541.4 |
|
Operations, Research, and Facilities |
(515.6) |
(507.0) |
|
Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery |
(34.4) |
(34.4) |
|
Department of Justice |
||
|
State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance |
280.0 |
280.0 |
|
Community Oriented Policing Services |
20.0 |
20.0 |
|
Total |
1,400.0 |
1,391.4 |
Source: Text of P.L. 117-58 and P.L. 117-159.
Notes: The accounts presented in Table 3 are consistent with those used by CBO to score the CJS appropriations bill. Amounts in parentheses are subaccounts and not offsets.
Table A-1. Nominal Funding for CJS Agencies, by Account: FY2016-FY2025
(appropriations in millions of dollars)
|
Bureau or Agency |
FY2016 |
FY2017 |
FY2018 |
FY2019 |
FY2020 |
FY2021 |
FY2022 |
FY2023 |
FY2024 |
FY2025 |
|
Department of Commerce |
||||||||||
|
International Trade Administration |
$483.0 |
$483.0 |
$482.0 |
$484.0 |
$510.3 |
$530.0 |
$559.0 |
$613.0 |
$611.0 |
$611.0 |
|
Bureau of Industry and Security |
112.5 |
112.5 |
113.5 |
118.1 |
127.7 |
133.0 |
163.1 |
191.0 |
191.0 |
191.0 |
|
Economic Development Administration |
261.0 |
276.0 |
901.5 |
904.0 |
1,833.0 |
3,346.0 |
373.5 |
1,616.0 |
468.0 |
1,978.0 |
|
Minority Business Development Agency |
32.0 |
34.0 |
39.0 |
40.0 |
52.0 |
73.0 |
55.0 |
70.0 |
68.3 |
68.3 |
|
Economic and Statistical Analysis |
109.0 |
107.3 |
99.0 |
101.0 |
108.0 |
111.9 |
116.0 |
130.0 |
125.0 |
125.0 |
|
Census Bureau |
1,370.0 |
1,470.0 |
2,814.0 |
3,821.4 |
7,558.3 |
1,106.6 |
1,354.0 |
1,485.0 |
1,382.5 |
1,382.5 |
|
National Telecommunications and Information Administration |
39.5 |
32.0 |
39.5 |
39.5 |
40.4 |
45.5 |
46,050.0 |
612.0 |
609.0 |
609.0 |
|
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) |
3,272.0 |
3,230.0 |
3,500.0 |
3,370.0 |
3,450.7 |
3,695.3 |
4,058.4 |
4,253.4 |
4,195.8 |
4,554.9 |
|
Offsetting Fee Receipts (USPTO) |
-3,272.0 |
-3,230.0 |
-3,500.0 |
-3,370.0 |
-3.450.7 |
-3,695.3 |
-4,058.4 |
-4,253.4 |
-4,195.8 |
-4,554.9 |
|
National Institute of Standards and Technology |
964.0 |
952.0 |
1,198.5 |
985.5 |
1,100.0 |
1,034.5 |
1,252.1 |
1,694.3 |
1,460.0 |
1,156.9 |
|
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
5,765.6 |
5,675.4 |
6,309.5 |
5,720.3 |
5,688.2 |
5,730.6 |
10,304.0 |
7,578.8 |
6,869.0 |
7,775.5 |
|
Departmental Management |
109.1 |
94.7 |
140.9 |
95.7 |
115.0 |
128.1 |
146.9 |
179.1 |
143.6 |
143.6 |
|
Commerce Subtotal |
9,245.6 |
9,237.0 |
12,137.4 |
12,309.5 |
17,132.8 |
12,239.2 |
60,373.6 |
14,169.2 |
11,927.4 |
14,040.8 |
|
Department of Justice |
||||||||||
|
General Administration |
659.0 |
676.7 |
746.8 |
870.4 |
926.6 |
998.6 |
1,106.8 |
1,278.0 |
1,151.0 |
1,159.5 |
|
Justice Operations, Management, and Accountabilitya |
(142.5) |
(145.1) |
(149.0) |
(145.0) |
(152.6) |
(158.0)b |
(232.8) |
(283.0) |
(172.0) |
(180.5) |
|
Administrative Review & Appeals |
(422.8) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
Executive Office for Immigration Review |
— |
(436.0) |
(500.5) |
(624.4) |
(669.0) |
(730.0) |
(756.0) |
(856.0) |
(840.0) |
(840.0) |
|
Office of the Inspector General |
(93.7) |
(95.6) |
(97.3) |
(101.0) |
(105.0) |
(110.6) |
(118.0) |
(139.0) |
(139.0) |
(139.0) |
|
U.S. Parole Commission |
13.3 |
13.3 |
13.3 |
13.0 |
13.3 |
13.5 |
14.2 |
14.6 |
14.0 |
14.0 |
|
Legal Activities |
3,314.6 |
3,353.8 |
3,386.6 |
3,329.4 |
3,443.4 |
3,578.9 |
3,648.3 |
4,140.8 |
4,010.7 |
3,969.7 |
|
General legal activities |
(893.0) |
(897.5) |
(897.5) |
(904.0) |
(920.0) |
(960.0) |
(1,009.7) |
(1,138.0) |
(1,090.0) |
(1,090.0) |
|
U.S. Attorneys |
(2,000.0) |
(2,035.0) |
(2,136.8) |
(2,212.0) |
(2,257.5) |
(2,342.2) |
(2,424.9) |
(2,632.0) |
(2,611.0) |
(2,611.0) |
|
(421.6) |
(421.3) |
(352.3) |
(213.4) |
(265.8) |
(276.8) |
(213.7) |
(370.8) |
(309.7) |
(268.7) |
|
|
U.S. Marshals Service |
2,700.0 |
2,713.5 |
2,903.4 |
3,081.7 |
3,327.5 |
3,682.6 |
3,728.3 |
3,852.8 |
3,807.0 |
3,955.0 |
|
National Security Division |
95.0 |
96.0 |
101.0 |
101.4 |
110.0 |
117.5 |
121.8 |
133.5 |
128.0 |
128.0 |
|
Interagency Law Enforcement |
512.0 |
517.0 |
542.9 |
560.0 |
550.5 |
550.5 |
550.5 |
550.5 |
547.0 |
547.0 |
|
Federal Bureau of Investigation |
8,798.8 |
9,006.4 |
9,421.4 |
9,577.1 |
9,972.9 |
10,493.8 |
10,961.9 |
11,343.2 |
10,673.7 |
10,690.4 |
|
Drug Enforcement Administration |
2,080.0 |
2,103.0 |
2,201.8 |
2,267.0 |
2,294.2 |
2,386.3 |
2,421.5 |
2,563.1 |
2,567.0 |
2,567.0 |
|
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives |
1,240.0 |
1,258.6 |
1,293.8 |
1,316.7 |
1,400.0 |
1,483.9 |
1,531.1 |
1,747.0 |
1,625.0 |
1,625.0 |
|
Federal Prison System |
7,481.2 |
7,141.5 |
7,328.3 |
7,545.1 |
7,880.7 |
8,138.1 |
8,102.7 |
8,685.3 |
8,575.1 |
8,639.8 |
|
Office of Violence Against Women (OVW) |
67.5h |
78.5h |
—i |
700.0 |
633.0j |
633.0k |
||||
|
Office of Justice Programs (OJP) |
1,883.0 |
1,705.8 |
2,169.3 |
2,218.8 |
3,282.8 |
2,485.8 |
3,075.0 |
3,341.6 |
3,403.9 |
2,994.8 |
|
Research, Evaluation, and Statistics |
(116.0) |
(89.0) |
(90.0) |
(80.0) |
(79.0) |
(82.0) |
(70.0) |
(77.0) |
(65.0) |
(65.0) |
|
State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance |
(1,408.5) |
(1,280.5) |
(1,680.0) |
(1,723.0) |
(2,742.0) |
(1,914.0) |
(2,493.0) |
(2,696.8) |
(2,755.1) |
(2,280.0) |
|
Juvenile Justice Programs |
(270.2) |
(247.0) |
(282.5) |
(287.0) |
(320.0) |
(346.0) |
(360.0) |
(400.0) |
(375.0) |
(375.0) |
|
Public Safety Officers Benefits |
(88.3) |
(89.3) |
(116.8) |
(128.8) |
(141.8) |
(143.8) |
(152.0) |
(167.8) |
(208.8) |
(274.8) |
|
Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) |
212.0 |
221.5 |
275.5 |
303.5 |
343.0 |
386.0 |
531.7 |
682.9 |
684.5 |
437.2 |
|
DOJ Subtotal |
29,089.8 |
28,962.5 |
30,384.0 |
31,184.1 |
33,612.2 |
34,393.9 |
35,793.8 |
39,033.2 |
37,819.9 |
37,360.4 |
|
Science Agencies |
||||||||||
|
Office of Science and Technology Policy |
5.6 |
5.6 |
5.5 |
5.5 |
5.5 |
5.5 |
6.6 |
8.0 |
8.0 |
8.0 |
|
National Space Council |
— |
— |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
|
National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
19,285.0 |
19,762.3 |
20,817.4 |
21,500.0 |
22,689.0 |
23,271.3 |
24,362.7 |
25,573.1 |
24,875.0 |
25,578.5 |
|
National Science Foundation |
7,463.5 |
7,472.2 |
7,783.7 |
8,075.0 |
8,354.3 |
8,486.8 |
8,863.0 |
9,876.4 |
9,060.0 |
9,060.0 |
|
Science Agencies Subtotal |
26,754.0 |
27,240.1 |
28,608.6 |
29,582.5 |
31,050.8 |
31,765.5 |
33,234.3 |
35,459.5 |
33,944.9 |
34,648.5 |
|
Related Agencies |
||||||||||
|
U.S. Commission on Civil Rights |
9.2 |
9.2 |
9.7 |
10.1 |
10.5 |
12.5 |
13.0 |
14.4 |
14.4 |
14.4 |
|
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission |
364.5 |
364.5 |
379.5 |
379.5 |
389.5 |
404.5 |
420.0 |
455.0 |
455.0 |
455.0 |
|
International Trade Commission |
88.5 |
91.5 |
93.7 |
95.0 |
99.4 |
103.0 |
110.0 |
122.4 |
122.0 |
122.0 |
|
Legal Services Corporation |
385.0 |
385.0 |
425.0 |
430.0 |
490.0 |
465.0 |
529.0 |
580.0 |
560.0 |
560.0 |
|
Marine Mammal Commission |
3.4 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
3.8 |
4.2 |
4.5 |
4.5 |
4.5 |
|
U.S. Trade Representative |
54.5 |
47.0 |
57.6 |
53.0 |
104.0 |
55.0 |
56.0 |
61.0 |
59.0 |
59.0 |
|
Trade Enforcement Trust Fund |
— |
15.0 |
15.0 |
15.0 |
55.0 |
15.0 |
15.0 |
15.0 |
15.0 |
15.0 |
|
State Justice Institute |
5.1 |
5.1 |
5.1 |
6.0 |
6.6 |
7.0 |
7.2 |
7.6 |
7.6 |
7.6 |
|
Commission on the State of the U.S. Olympics and Paralympics |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
2.0 |
— |
— |
— |
|
Related Agencies Subtotal |
910.3 |
920.8 |
989.1 |
992.1 |
1,158.6 |
1,065.8 |
1,156.4 |
1,259.9 |
1,237.5 |
1,237.5 |
|
Total Appropriation |
65,999.7 |
66,360.3 |
72,119.0 |
74,068.1 |
82,954.5 |
79,464.4 |
130,558.1 |
89,921.8 |
84,929.7 |
87.287.2 |
|
Rescission of Unobligated Balances |
-878.7 |
-1,142.3 |
-661.1 |
-1,060.8 |
-364.0 |
-425.0 |
-516.8 |
-1,370.8 |
-13,663.3 |
-10,300.0 |
Sources: FY2016 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 114-113, printed in the December 17, 2015, Congressional Record (pp. H9732-H9759); FY2017 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 115-31, printed in the May 3, 2017, Congressional Record (pp. H3365-H3390); FY2018 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 115-141, printed in the March 22, 2018, Congressional Record (pp. H2084-H2115), and P.L. 115-123; FY2019 enacted amounts were taken from H.Rept. 116-9; FY2020 enacted amounts were taken from the explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 116-93, published in the December 17, 2019 Congressional Record (pp. H10961-H10989) and the text of P.L. 116-113 and P.L. 116-136; FY2021 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 116-260, printed in the December 21, 2020, Congressional Record (pp. H7951-H7966) and the text of P.L. 116-260 and P.L. 117-2; FY2022 enacted amounts were taken from the text of P.L. 117-103, the text of the joint explanatory statement, printed in the March 9, 2022, Congressional Record (pp. H1772-H1865), and the text of P.L. 117-169; FY2023 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 117-328, printed in the December 20, 2022, Congressional Record (pp. S7898-S8029) and the text of P.L. 117-58, P.L. 117-159, P.L. 117-180, and P.L. 117-328; FY2024 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 118-42, printed in the March 5, 2024, Congressional Record (pp. S1398-S1416), and the text of P.L. 117-58 and P.L. 117-159. FY2025 enacted amounts were taken from the report to accompany the Senate committee-reported FY2026 CJS appropriations bill (S. 2354) and the text of P.L. 117-58, P.L. 117-159, and P.L. 118-158.
Notes: Amounts may not add to totals due to rounding. Amounts include all supplemental appropriations. Amounts also include all rescission of current-year budget authority, but they do not include rescissions of a prior year's unobligated balances. Amounts in parentheses are subaccounts and not offsets.
a. Prior to FY2024, this account was called the "General Administration, Salaries and Expenses" account.
b. Includes $5 million in funding provided through a general provision for a use of force database as required by Executive Order 13929.
c. "Other" includes subaccounts for the Antitrust Division, Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund, U.S. Trustee System Fund, Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, Fees and Expenses of Witnesses, Community Relations Service, and the Asset Forfeiture Fund.
d. This amount does not include a $379 million transfer from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW per P.L. 114-113.
e. This amount does not include a $326 million transfer from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW per P.L. 115-31.
f. Per P.L. 115-141, $492 million was transferred from the Crime Victims Fund OVW.
g. Per P.L. 116-6, $498 million was transferred from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW.
h. This amount does not include a $435 million transfer from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW per P.L. 116-93.
i. Per P.L. 117-103, $575 million was transferred from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW.
j. Per P.L. 118-47, $80 million was transferred from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW.
k. Per P.L. 119-4, $80 million was transferred from the Crime Victims Fund to OVW.
|
Area of Expertise |
Name |
|
OJP, COPS, BOP, FBI, U.S. Marshals, |
Nathan James |
|
Juvenile Justice, OVW, Crime Victims Fund |
Nathan Kemper |
|
DEA |
Lisa N. Sacco |
|
U.S. Attorneys, ATF |
Jordan B. Cohen |
|
Trade-related agencies: ITA, ITC, USTR |
M. Angeles Villarreal |
|
BIS |
Christopher Casey |
|
EDA, MBDA |
Julie Lawhorn |
|
Census Bureau, ESA |
Taylor R. Knoedl |
|
NIST, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office |
Emily G. Blevins |
|
NOAA |
Eva Lipiec |
|
NASA, National Space Council |
Rachel Lindbergh |
|
NSF |
Laurie Harris |
|
NTIA |
Ling Zhu |
|
Legal Services Corporation |
Libby Perl |
| 1. |
The science agencies funded in the CJS bill are not the only federal science agencies. |
| 2. |
U.S. Department of Commerce, "About Commerce: Mission," https://www.commerce.gov/page/about-commerce#mission, (hereinafter, Department of Commerce, "About Commerce: Mission"). |
| 3. |
Department of Commerce, "About Commerce: Mission." |
| 4. |
U.S. Department of Justice, "About DOJ," https://www.justice.gov/about. |
| 5. |
National Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 (P.L. 94-282). |
| 6. |
Executive Order 12881, issued November 23, 1993, established the National Science and Technology Council. |
| 7. |
Executive Order 13539, issued October 22, 2019, established the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. |
| 8. |
Title V of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1989 (P.L. 100-685), which was signed into law by President George H.W. Bush on November 17, 1988, established the National Space Council in the Executive Office of the President, effective February 1, 1989. President Bush established the council, its members, and its functions through Executive Order 12675, issued on April 20, 1989. |
| 9. |
Executive Order 13803, issued June 30, 2017. |
| 10. |
The National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (P.L. 81-507). |
| 11. |
National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-568). |
| 12. |
Section 1111 of the CR establishes that the act does not provide funding for the purposes of the FY2024 earmarks, unless specified otherwise. The reduction to DOJ's State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account also reflects the CR zeroing out $125 million in funding for reimbursing cities that hosted presidential nominating conventions for security-related expenses. In addition, funding for NASA's Safety, Security and Mission Service account under the CR is $20 million higher than what it would be if funding for CFP/CDS was subtracted from the FY2024 enacted appropriation for the account. |
| 13. |
For more information on advance appropriations, see CRS Report R43482, Advance Appropriations, Forward Funding, and Advance Funding: Concepts, Practice, and Budget Process Considerations. |