Budget Background for the Farm Bill

Budget enforcement in Congress for mandatory spending uses baseline and scoring procedures that are followed by the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office (CBO). The goal is to determine whether proposed changes in a bill would increase or decrease government spending. The baseline is a projection of what outlays would be under current law if it were continued; it is the benchmark against which proposed changes in a bill are compared. The baseline incorporates current assumptions about economic conditions, including expectations about prices, acreage, trade, inflation, poverty, program participation, and eligibility. The score is the effect that each provision, or the bill in total, is expected to have compared with the baseline (CRS In Focus IF13124, Distinguishing Between Discretionary and Mandatory Spending; and CRS Report 98-560, Baselines and Scorekeeping in the Federal Budget Process).

The total score of a bill determines whether the bill meets budget enforcement requirements, such as pay-as-you-go (PAYGO) or cut-as-you-go (CUTGO) (CRS In Focus IF11032, Budgetary Decisionmaking in Congress). A bill may add or subtract funds from programs, or transfer funds among programs and titles using reductions to offset increases. PAYGO refers to both a law and House and Senate rules that bills should not increase the deficit, essentially, that budgetary increases are fully offset by spending reductions or additional revenue, so that the net score of a bill is zero (CRS Report R41157, The Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010: Summary and Legislative History; CRS Report R47413, Points of Order in the Congressional Budget Process; and CRS Report RL31943, Budget Enforcement Procedures: The Senate Pay-As-You-Go (PAYGO) Rule). CUTGO is a protocol in the House during the 119^th Congress prohibiting offsets from having revenue-raising provisions (CRS Report R41510, House Rule XXI, Clause 10: The CUTGO Rule).

Budget laws require CBO to score proposed changes over an 11-year budget window regardless of the length of the new authorization period. The current 11-year scoring period is FY2026-FY2036 for authorizations in H.R. 7567 that generally would expire in FY2031 (Table 1).

Four titles of the 2018 farm bill account for 99% of the baseline projection (nutrition, crop insurance, farm commodities, and conservation). The total 10-year farm bill baseline is $1.374 trillion over FY2027-FY2036 (Table 2). This total is 1% ($10 billion) less than the 10-year total in the January 2025 baseline ($1.384 trillion) before enactment of budget reconciliation in 2025 (P.L. 119-21). However, it is distributed differently among the titles of the farm bill after P.L. 119-21 decreased projected outlays in the nutrition title and increased projected outlays in all the other titles.

Title and program

FY2026-FY2031

FY2026-FY2036

Title I. Commodities

Tree Assistance Program

5

0

Title I Subtotal

5

0

Title II. Conservation

Environmental Quality Incentives Program

-593

-786

Conservation Stewardship Program

47

49

Feral Swine Eradication and Control Program

56

56

Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act

50

54

Emergency Conservation Program

43

0

Emergency Watershed Program

16

15

Farm Management Incentive Payments

11

11

Transition Option for Certain Farmers

47

47

Agricultural Conservation Easement Program, including Adjusted Gross Income provision

173

216

Forest Conservation Easement Program

198

227

Regional Conservation Partnership Program

53

110

Title II Subtotal

101

-1

Title III. Trade

Agricultural Trade Promotion and Facilitation

-35

-70

Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust Act

70

70

Title III Subtotal

35

0

Title VI. Rural Development

2

0

Title VII. Research, Extension, and Related Matters

1

1

Title VIII. Forestry

20

0

Title IX. Energy

Biobased Markets Program

16

18

Biorefinery Assistance

-18

-18

Title IX Subtotal

-2

0

Total Changes in Mandatory Spending

162

0

Farm Bill Title

FY2027-FY2036 (February 2026)

Title I. Commodities

142,625

Title II. Conservation

73,004

Title III. Trade

8,280

Title IV. Nutrition

985,379

Title VII. Research

3,510

Title IX. Energy

535

Title X. Horticulture

2,440

Title XI. Crop Insurance

155,539

Title XII. Miscellaneous

2,248

Total

1,373,560

Title and program

FY2027-FY2031

FY2027-FY2036

Title II. Conservation

Authorization of appropriations

Estimated outlays

Title III. Trade

Authorization of appropriations

Estimated outlays

Title IV. Nutrition

Authorization of appropriations

Estimated outlays

Title V. Credit

Authorization of appropriations

Estimated outlays

Title VI. Rural Development

Authorization of appropriations

Estimated outlays

Title VII. Research, Extension, and Related Matters

Authorization of appropriations

Estimated outlays

Title VIII. Forestry

Authorization of appropriations

Estimated outlays

Title IX. Energy

Authorization of appropriations

Estimated outlays

Title X. Horticulture, Marketing and Regulatory Reform

Authorization of appropriations

Estimated outlays

Title XII. Miscellaneous

Authorization of appropriations

Estimated outlays

Total

Authorization of appropriations

Estimated outlays

Current Law/Policy

House-Passed H.R. 7567

Suspension of permanent price support authority. Suspends the permanent price support authority of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (P.L. 75-430) and the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1949 (P.L. 89-439) for certain commodities for the 2014-2026 crop years and for milk through December 31, 2026. (7 U.S.C. §9092; P.L. 119-37119-37)

Suspension of permanent price support authority. Extends the suspension of permanent price authority through crop year 2031 for commodities other than dairy. Extends the suspension for dairy through December 31, 2031. (§10011001)

Tree Assistance Program (TAP). Provides payments to eligible orchardists and nursery growers to replant or rehabilitate trees, bushes, and vines damaged by natural disasters. Eligible losses must exceed normal mortality. Payments reimburse eligible orchardists and nursery growers for 65% of the cost of replanting trees or nursery stock and 50% of the cost of rehabilitation (e.g., pruning and removal). (7 U.S.C. §9081(e))

Tree assistance program. Expands coverage to include biennial tree crops and losses due to pest infestations. Clarifies that trees that are no longer producing an economically viable crop as a result of a natural disaster are eligible for TAP payments. Adds requirements for TAP recipients to replant or rehabilitate trees within two years after the application approval or at a time necessary to ensure tree survival. Provides recipients flexibilities in the alternative planting activities that can be reimbursed. These, which include replanting alternative varieties, replanting alternative stand densities, and the locations that may be usedreplanting in alternative locations. Additional payments are not provided for these alternative activities. Requires USDA to notify applicants of application receipt and approve or deny the application within 120 days of application submission. Adds the authority for USDA to administer an initial payment before incurring eligible covered costs. Adds required payment calculation components, such as estimates for initial partial payments for the cost of replanting or rehabilitating the eligible tree, bush, or vine; subsequent payments; and potential overpayments. The initial payments provisions sunset in September 2035. (§1002)

No comparable provision.

Specialty crop emergency assistance frameworkcrop emergency assistance framework. Requires USDA to establish a framework to provide payments to specialty crop producers impacted by adverse events, such as economic crises and market disruptions. Requires USDA to calculate payments based on the on the basis of the producer's previous sales history and availability of funds. Authorizes the USDA to create special rules that take into account crop value, production costs, and the legal and organizational structure of producers. Applies payment limits used for other USDA direct payment programs exceptingand excepts entities that derive 75% of their average gross income from farming and other related activities. Authorizes USDA to establish a separate payment limit of not less than $900,000 for each excepted entity for any crop year. Applies a producer reporting and payment limits as used in other USDA direct payment programs. The legislation doesDoes not specify a funding mechanism for this framework. (§1003)

No comparable provision.

Assistance in the form of block grants. Authorizes USDA to use block grants when administering additional funds for agricultural disaster assistance to address losses for which other federal assistance is not already availableunavailable. (§1004)

Dairy Forward Pricing Program. Authorizes a USDA dairy forward pricing program that applies to only milk purchased for manufactured products and excludes milk purchased for fluid consumption. Expires September 30, 2026. (7 U.S.C. §8772; P.L. 119-37119-37)

Dairy-related extensionsextensions. Removes the program termination date. (§1005(§1005(a))

Dairy Indemnity Program. Authorizes payments to dairy farmers when a public regulatory agency directs removal of raw milk from the market because of contamination by pesticides, nuclear radiation or fallout, or toxic substances and other chemical residues. Authority expires September 30, 2026. (7 U.S.C. §4553; P.L. 119-37)

Dairy-related extensionsextensions. Extends authority through September 30, 2031. (§10051005(b))

Dairy Promotion and Research Program. Authorizes the National Dairy Promotion and Research Board to oversee a generic dairy product promotion and a research and nutrition education program (i.e., "dairy checkoff") and to spend funds to develop foreign markets for U.S. dairy products. Authority expires September 30, 2026. (7 U.S.C. §4504(e)(2); P.L. 119119-37)

Dairy-related extensionsextensions. Extends authority through September 30, 2031. (§10051005(c))

Mandatory reporting for dairy products. Requires USDA to establish a mandatory program for dairy product manufacturers to report to USDA price, quantity, and moisture content of sold products to USDA. (7 U.S.C. §1637b)

Mandatory reporting of dairy product processing costs. Requires manufacturers to report production costs and product yield information to USDA, as determined by the Secretary of Agriculture. Requires USDA to publish a report with cost and yield information not more than two years after enactment of the act and every two years thereafter. (§1006)

Dairy reports. Requires USDA to submit annual reports for the dairy checkoff and Dairy Products Promotion and Research order (i.e., "fluid milk checkoff") to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction.^a (7 U.S.C. §4514)

Dairy reports. Clarifies USDA's dairy reporting requirements. USDA is required to submit dairy reports to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction^a for each calendar year after enactment and requires each report be submitted not more than 18 months after the last day of the calendar year. (§1007)

Repayment of loans during a government shutdown. Provides for marketing assistance loans. (7 U.S.C. §9034; 7 U.S.C. §7272(d)) Establishes limits on government employment and services during a lapse in appropriations. (31 U.S.C. §1342)

Processing of certain loanscertain loans. Authorizes producers to repay marketing assistance loans during a lapse in appropriations (a government shutdown) when USDA employees may be furloughed. This activity is considered excepted from furlough for the safety of human life or protection property. (§1008)

Farm storage facility loans. Authorizes USDA to provide loans to producers of grains, oilseeds, pulse crops, hay, renewable biomass, and other storable commodities (other than sugar), to construct or upgrade storage and handling facilities for various commodities. (7 U.S.C. §8789(a))

Storage facility loans. Adds the authority for USDA to provide loans for producers to construct or upgrade storage facilities for propane that is primarily used for agricultural production. (§1009)

No comparable provision.

Strengthening domestic food production supply chains. Requires the President to prioritize preserving and strengthening domestic production of sugar for domestic food use when administering federal policies. (§1010)

Administration Generally. Provides for expedited rulemaking for amendments made under Title 1 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79), Title I of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334), and selectcertain crop insurance and horticultural provisions. (7 U.S.C. §9091(c))

Regulations. Extends expedited rulemaking for amendments made by this title. (§1011(a))

Loan implementation. Requires USDA to use Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) funds to ensure that the Marketing Assistance Loan program benefits are provided in full in any year that discretionary spending limits are enforced via sequestration or other means. (7 U.S.C. §9097(d))

Regulations. Makes minor conforming amendments and clarifies the applicability for sugar loans. (§1011(b))

The Secretary of Agriculture has broad authority of the CCC Charter Act (P.L. 80-89), as amended, to use CCC funding in fulfillment of its purpose to support certain agricultural commodities, excluding tobacco. Tobacco is specifically statutorily excluded from eligibility. (15 U.S.C. §714c)

Restoration of tobacco as an agricultural commodity in Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act. Removes the exclusion on tobacco being considered an agricultural commodity, thereby making tobacco eligible for funding from the CCC. (§§1012)

Farm storage facility loans. Authorizes USDA to provide loans to producers of grains, oilseeds, pulse crops, hay, renewable biomass, and other storable commodities (other than sugar) to construct or upgrade storage and handling facilities for various commodities. (7 U.S.C. §8789(a))

No direct comparable provision.

Electronic forms for covered disaster assistance programs. Requires USDA, as soon as practicable, to allow producers the option to enroll in certain agricultural disaster assistance programs using electronic forms. (§1014)

Dairy Businesses Innovation Initiatives (DBI). Requires USDA to provide grants to at least three eligible regionally located entities to conduct dairy related technical assistance and training and to provide sub-grants for dairy-related modernization, specialization, value chain innovation, product development, and marketing. (7 U.S.C. §1632d)

Dairy business innovation initiatives. Requires USDA to provide grants to at least four eligible regionally located entities. (§1015)

Livestock Indemnity Program (LIP). Provides payments to eligible livestock owners and contract growers for livestock and unborn livestock deaths in excess of normal mortality or livestock that are sold at reduced price because of an eligible loss condition (e.g., adverse weather, disease, or animal attack). Eligibility is predicated on the occurrence of an eligible loss condition and direct causation to the death or injury of the animal. (7 U.S.C. §9081(b))

Revision of evidence standards for livestock indemnity payments for losses by Mexican wolves. Requires USDA, within 180 days of enactment, to expand the LIP proof of death standards for livestock losses due to depredation by Mexican wolves to include evidence that does not primarily depend on subcutaneous hemorrhaging. (§1016)

Current Law/Policy

House-Passed H.R. 7567

Subtitle A——Definitions

Definitions. Defines 27 terms for the purposes of all conservation programs within the Food Security Act of 1985, as amended. (16 U.S.C. §3801;§3801; P.L. 99-198)

Definitions. Adds definitions for precision agriculture, precision agriculture technology, and wildlife habitat connectivity. Does not change existing definitions.

Defines precision agriculture as "managing, tracking, or reducing" inputs with a high level of precision to "improve efficiencies, reduce waste, and maintain environmental quality."

Defines precision agriculture technology as any technology that "directly contributes" to a reduction or improvement in input use.

Defines wildlife habitat connectivity as the degree to which landscape or habitat elements facilitate native species' movements among seasonal habitats. (§2001)

Mitigation banking. Wetland mitigation banking is a type of wetlands mitigation whereby a wetland is created, enhanced, or restored, and "credit" for those efforts is sold to others as compensation for the loss of impacted wetlands elsewhere. Authorizes appropriations for wetland mitigation banking of $5 million annually through FY2026. (16 U.S.C. §3822(k)(1)(B); P.L. 119-37)

Mitigation banking. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§2002)

Subtitle B——Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)

Conservation reserve. Authorizes CRP through FY2026 to enter into contracts with eligible landowners and operators to conserve and improve soil, water, and wildlife and to address state, regional, and national conservation initiatives. (16 U.S.C. §3831(a);; P.L. 119-37)

Conservation reserve. Reauthorizes the program through FY2031. (§2101(a))

Eligible land. One type of land eligible for enrollment into CRP is highly erodible cropland if (1) untreated it could substantially reduce the land's future agricultural production capability, or (2) it cannot be farmed in accordance with a conservation plan and has a cropping history or was considered to be planted for four of the six years preceding December 20, 2018 (except for land previously enrolled in CRP). (16 U.S.C. §3831(b))

Conservation reserve. Replaces the December 20, 2018, date with the date of enactment of the bill, shifting the six-year cropping history to include land planted for four of the six years preceding the updated date of enactment. (§2101(b))

Maximum acreage enrolledacreage enrolled. Authorizes CRP to enroll up to 24 million acres in FY2019, 24.5 million acres in FY2020, 25 million acres in FY2021, 25.5 million acres in FY2022, and 27 million acres in FY2023-FY2026. (16 U.S.C. §§3831(d)(1);; P.L. 119-37)

Conservation reserve. Maintains enrollment at 27 million acres through FY2031. (§2101(c)(1)2101(c)(1))

Grasslands. Requires USDA to enroll 2 million acres through CRP grassland enrollment by the end of FY2023. Incrementally increases the minimum enrollment of grassland acres to 1 million acres in FY2019, 1.5 million acres in FY2020, and 2 million acres in FY2021-FY2026. (16 U.S.C. §§3831(d)(2);2); P.L. 119-37)

Conservation reserve. Reauthorizes the CRP grassland enrollment of 2 million acres through FY2031. (§2101(c)(2)2101(c)(2))

State enrollment rates. Requires 60% of available acres to be allocated per state based onon the basis of historical enrollment. Enrollment rates must consider the average number of acres enrolled in each state each year of FY2007-FY2016, the average number of acres enrolled in CRP nationally each year of FY2007-FY2016, and the acres available for enrollment each year of FY2019-FY2026. (16 U.S.C. §3831(d)(4); P.L. 119-37)

Conservation reserve. Extends the state enrollment rate requirement to include the acres available for enrollment for FY2026 through -FY2031. Historic enrollment dates for FY2007-FY2016 remain unchanged. (§2101(c)(3)2101(c)(3))

Continuous enrollment procedure. Sets continuous enrollment targets of not fewer than 8 million acres by FY2019, 8.25 million acres by FY2020, 8.5 million acres by FY2021, and 8.6 million acres by FY2026. (16 U.S.C. §3831(d)(6)(B); P.L. 119-37)

Conservation reserve. Maintains enrollment target of 8.6 million acres through FY2031. (§2101(c)(42101(c)(4))

Continuous enrollment procedure. Requires CRP enrollment to be continuous for marginal pastureland, land that would have a positive impact on water quality if enrolled, select cropland, and Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) contracts. (16 U.S.C. §3831(d)(6)(A); P.L. 119-37)

The State Acres for Wildlife Enhancement (SAFE) is a CRP initiative administratively created by USDA in which it partners with nonfederal entities to protect wildlife habitat through CRP contracts.

Farmable Wetlands Program (FWP). A subprogram under CRP since 2008, FWP is authorized through FY2026 to enroll up to 750,000 acres of wetland and buffer acreage in CRP. (16 U.S.C. §3831b(a)(1); P.L. 119-37)

Farmable wetland program. Maintains enrollment limit and reauthorizes FWP through FY2031. (§2102)

Subtitle C——Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)

Definitions. Defines 10 terms under EQIP. Defines practice as one or more improvements (e.g., structural, land management, or vegetative practice; forest management; and other practices defined by USDA) or conservation activities (e.g., comprehensive nutrient management plans, precision conservation management planning, and other plans as determined by USDA). (16 U.S.C. §3839aa-1(6))

Definitions. Amends the definition of practice to include composting practices in the description of improvements to eligible land and to include precision agriculture practices and technology in the description of a conservation activity. (§2201)

Special rule involving payments for income forgone. Allows USDA, when determining payment rates, to place great significance on certain practices that promote natural resource improvements. (16 U.S.C. §3839aa-2(d)(3)(F))

Establishment and administration. Adds wildlife habitat connectivity to the list of practices that may receive greater significance by USDA when determining payment rates. (§2202(a)(1))

Other payments. Prohibits duplicative payments from other federal programs for EQIP-funded practices. (16 U.S.C. §3839aa-2(d)(6))

Establishment and administration. Exempts from the prohibition on duplicative payments USDA loans or loan guarantees used to cover the costs of EQIP practices. Requires USDA to inform EQIP participants that they may be eligible for a USDA loan for costs associated with implementing EQIP practices. (§2202(a)(2))

Increased payments for high-priority practiceshigh-priority practices. Allows states the option, in consultation with the state technical committee, to identify no more than 10 high-priority practices that will be eligible for up to 90% of the practice cost. Practices must address nutrients in groundgroundwater and surface waters, conservation of water, identified wildlife habitat, or watershed-specific resource concerns. (16 U.S.C. §3839aa-2(d)(7))

Establishment and administration. Expands the list of resource concerns that eligible practices may address to include restoration of wildlife habitat and increased carbon sequestration or reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. (§2202(a)(3))

No comparable provision.

Establishment and administration. Allows payments for up to 90% of the cost of precision agriculture practices and technology. (§2202(a)(4))

No comparable provision.

Establishment and administration. Allows payments for wildlife corridor costs on land enrolled in CRP and of ecological significance. Multiple payments may not be made for the same practice. (§2202(a)(5))

Allocation of fundingfunding. Requires that 50% of payments go to practices related to livestock production through FY2026. (16 U.S.C. §3839aa-2(f)(1);; P.L. 119-37)

Establishment and administration. Reauthorizes required payments for practices related to livestocklivestock-related practices through FY2031. (§2202(b))

Water conservation or irrigation efficiency practice. Allows EQIP payments to producers or selected eligible entities for water conservation or irrigation efficiency practices. (16 U.S.C. §§3839aa-2(h)(1))

Establishment and administration. Expands eligibility to include the adoption of precision agriculture practices and technology relatedrelating to water conservation and energy efficiency. (§2202(c))

Payments for conservation practices related to organic production. Limits payments for conservation practices related to organic productionorganic production. Limits a participant's payments for organic production conservation practices to a total of $140,000 for FY2019-FY2026. (16 U.S.C. §§3839aa-2(i)(3); P.L. 119-37)

Establishment and administration. Increases the totala participant's payment limit for organic production conservation practices to a total of $200,000 for FY2027-FY2031. (§2202(d2202(d))

Conservation incentive contracts. Conservation incentive contracts under EQIP are multiyear contracts that address priority resource concerns within selected geographic regions. (16 U.S.C. §3839aa-2(j)(2))

Establishment and administration. Amends incentive practices to include precision agriculture practices and technology. (§2202(e))

No comparable provision.

Establishment and administration. Creates a newan initiative to provide payments to address and repair agricultural land or infrastructure damage that may contribute to natural resource concerns. Limits eligibility to land at or near the U.S. southern border. (§2202(f))

Limitation on payments. Limits an EQIP participant's payments to an aggregate of $450,000 for FY2019-FY2024. (16 U.S.C. §§3839aa-7; P.L. 118-22)

Limitation on payments. Limits EQIPan EQIP participant's payments to an aggregate of $450,000 for FY2027-FY2031. (§2203)

Conservation innovation grants and payments. Conservation Innovation Grants (CIG) is a competitive grant program within EQIP. Grants include cost-matching requirements to implement innovative conservation projects. (16 U.S.C. §§3839aa-8(a))

Conservation innovation grants and payments. Adds development and evaluation of new technologies as an eligible project. (§2204(a))

OnOn-farm conservation innovation trials. Requires $25 million of EQIP funds to be used for on-farm conservation innovation trials to test new or innovative conservation approaches either directly with producers or with eligible entities annually for FY2019-FY2031. (16 U.S.C. §3839aa-8(c))

Conservation innovation grants and payments. Adds perennial production systems as an eligible approach. (§2204(b))

ReportingReporting and database. Requires USDA to establish and maintain a public conservation practice database based on data reported under completed CIG projects. (16 U.S.C. §3839aa-8(dd))

Conservation innovation grants and payments. Requires database to include management and structural conservation practices and data that may be used to evaluate new and emerging technologies. (§2204(c))

Subtitle D—Definitions. CSP defines conservation activities as conservation systems, practices, or management measures, including structural, vegetative, and land management measures (including drainage management systems); priority resource concern planning; comprehensive conservation planning; soil health planning; and activities that assist with adaptation or mitigation against weather volatility. (16 U.S.C. §3839aa-21(2))

Conservation activities defined. Adds "energy-efficient pumping systems" and "composting practices" to conservation activities definition. (§2205)

No comparable provision.

Conservation stewardship program. Allows payments for wildlife corridor costs on land enrolled in CRP and of ecological significance. Multiple payments may not be made for the same practice. Payments for wildlife corridor costs do not alter emergency haying or grazing access on CRP acres. (§2301(2))

Conservation stewardship payments. CSP enrolls land into multiyear contracts to encourage producers to address priority resource concerns in a comprehensive manner by undertaking additional conservation activities and improving, maintaining, and managing existing conservation activities. CSP payments are required to be based on several factors (e.g., costs incurred, income forgone, expected conservation benefits, and integration across an entire operation). (16 U.S.C. §3839aa-24(c)(2))

Duties of the Secretary. Adds costs associated with planning and adopting precision agriculture technology to the factors in which CSP payments are based. Requires program annual payments to be no less than $4,000. (§2302(a))

Supplemental payments for resource-conserving crop rotations and advanced grazing management. Authorizes additional payments for the adoption of resource-conserving crop rotations and advanced grazing management. Requires payments for these practices to be at least 150% of the annual payment rate. (16 U.S.C. §3839aa§3839aa-24(d))

Duties of the Secretary. Adds precision agriculture conservation activities as eligible for additional payments. (§2302(b))

Payment limitations. Limits CSP payments to a total of $200,000 for all CSP contracts entered into by an individual participant for FY2019-FY2024. (16 U.S.C. §3839aa-24(f); P.L. 118-22)

Duties of the Secretary. Limits CSP payments to a total of $200,000 for all CSP contracts entered into by an individual participant for FY2027-FY2031. (§2302(c))

No comparable provision.

State assistance for soil health. Creates a new Soil Health Program for eligible states and Indian Tribes. Grants are authorized to supplement existing state and tribal soil health programs. Limits grants to $5 million annually, or or to 50% or 75% of the cost of implementing a state program or tribal program, respectively. Grants are one year with the possibility of renewal. Makes $100 million of CSP funds available for the program annually for FY2027-FY2031, with limitations on administrative expenses. (§2303)

Subtitle E——Other Conservation Programs

Conservation of private grazing landprivate grazing land. Authorizes appropriations of $60 million annually for the program through FY2026. (16 U.S.C. §§3839bb(e);; P.L. 119-37)

Conservation of private grazing landprivate grazing land. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§2401)

Feral Swine Eradication and Control Pilot ProgramSwine Eradication and Control Pilot Program. Requires USDA, under the pilot program, to study the extent of damage from feral swine, develop eradication and control measures and restoration methods, and provide cost-share funding to agricultural producers in established pilot program areas. Requires the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) to coordinate the pilot through NRCS state technical committees. Limits cost-share assistance to 75% of the costs of eradication and control measures or restoration. Provides $75 million in mandatory Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) funding for FY2019-FY2023, $15 million for FY2024, and $105 million for FY2025-FY2031. Requires funding to be split equally between NRCS and APHIS, with no more than 10% for administrative expenses. (7 U.S.C. §8351 note)

Feral swine eradication and control programswine eradication and control program. Codifies the pilot as a program with nearly identical requirements. Increases total funding for FY2025-FY2031 to $150 million. Amends the funding split as 40% to NRCS and 60% to APHIS. Retains the 10% limit for administrative expenses. Requires NRCS and APHIS to contract with one or more land-grant universities to assist with the program. Limits eligibility to selected universities. (§2402)

Watershed Protection and Flood PreventionProtection and Flood Prevention Act. The Watershed Operations program provides technical and financial assistance to states and local organizations to plan and install watershed projects. (16 U.S.C. §§1001 et seq.)

Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act. Adds a new provision allowing USDA to fund remedial actions for completed work under the program. (§2403(a))

No comparable provision.

Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act. Adds a new provision requiring USDA to streamline procedures and expedite agreement approval methods for the Watershed Operations program. (§2403(a))

Data. Requires USDA to collect and maintain data at the national and state levels for the Watershed Operations program, including program expenditures and expected benefits from project implementation. (16 U.S.C. §1010)

Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act. Requires USDA to make collected data publicly available. Requires additional data to be collected and made public related to total allocations, funds expended, and contract and agreement details. The public data requirement is to exclude information relatedrelating to agreements with individual landowners. (§2403(b))

Rehabilitation of structural measures near, at, or past their evaluated life expectancy. Provides 65%-100% of the cost of rehabilitating dams built by NRCS that are near, at, or past their evaluated life expectancy. Implemented as the Watershed Rehabilitation Program. (16 U.S.C. §1012(b§1012(b)(2))

Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act. Increases the minimum required federal share of the cost of rehabilitation to 90%. Removes the requirement that 20% of total benefits of the watershed rehabilitation project must relate to agriculture, which may include rural communities. Removes the requirement that more than 50% of land situated in the drainage area above retention reservoirs have agreements to carry out recommended soil conservation measures and farm plans. (§2403(c))

Funding. Authorizes appropriations of $85 million annually for the Watershed Rehabilitation Program through FY2026. (16 U.S.C. §1012(h§1012(h)(2)(E);; P.L. 119-37)

Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels for the Watershed Rehabilitation Program through FY2031. (§2403(c))

Emergency Conservation Program (ECP). ECP provides emergency funding and technical assistance to producers to rehabilitate farmland damaged by natural disasters. Producers may accept a reduced payment for repairing or replacing fencing rather than receive a higher payment following the completion and inspection of fence installation. Limits advanced payments for fences to 25% of the total payment (based on cost). (16 U.S.C. §§2201)

Emergency conservation program. Increases the advanced payment limit for repairing or replacing damaged fencing to 75% of the payment for replacement or rehabilitation of fencing (based on market value) and not more than 50% of the payment for fence repair (based on market value). Repair and replacement can include updated technology if it does not increase cost. Expands eligibility of the program to include wildfires not caused naturally, including wildfires caused by the federal government. (§24042404)

Emergency WatershedWatershed Protection (EWP) program program. Assists sponsors, landowners, and operators in implementing emergency recovery measures for runoff retardation and erosion prevention to relieve imminent hazards to life and property created by natural disasters, including the purchase of floodplain easements. (16 U.S.C. §2203(b))

EmergencyEmergency watershed program. Amends the floodplain easement requirements under the EWP program to include floodplain restoration, maintenance, and compatible use authority. Allows restoration on floodplain easements to be undertaken at levels above immediate impairment needs if it is in the best interest of the long-term health and protection of the watershed. Requires that USDA identify a list of costs that may be incurred prior to entering into an agreement with USDA under EWP. These identified pre-agreement costs may count toward the sponsor's share of the total cost of the project if an agreement is entered into. (§2405)

No directly comparable provision. The Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) is a USDA-created multiagency effort led by NRCS to quantify the effects of conservation practices on agricultural lands.

National agriculture flood vulnerability studyagriculture flood vulnerability study. Requires a CEAP report to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction^a within two years of enactment on the flood risk on agricultural lands, including analysis of economic loss, effectiveness of mitigation activities, analysis of flood risk based on available data, existing risk reduction activities, and recommendations for further flood risk reduction. (§§2406)

No comparable provision.

Study on environmental benefits of winter wheat as a cover crop. Requires NRCS to submit a study on the environmental benefits of using winter wheat as a cover crop to the House Committee on Agriculture. (§§2407)

Subtitle F——Funding and Administration

Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), CRP funding. Provides a total of $12 million for forest management thinning payments and a total of $50 million for transition contracts in mandatory CCC funding for FY2019-FY2023. Limits total funding for CRP by enrolled acres, not total dollars. (16 U.S.C. §3841(a)(1))

Commodity Credit Corporation. Reauthorizes mandatory funding authority for forest management payments and transition contracts through FY2031. (§2501(a)(1))

EQIP funding. Provides mandatory CCC funding of $2.655 billion for FY2026, $2.855 billion for FY2027, and $3.255 billion annually for FY2028-FY2031. (16 U.S.C. §§3841(a)(33))

Commodity Credit Corporation. Reduces the mandatory CCC funding authority for EQIP to $2.53 billion in FY2027, $2.73 billion in FY2028, $3.13 billion in FY2029, $3.175 billion in FY2030, and $3.255 billion in FY2031. (§§2501(a)(2))

No directly comparable provision. Authorizes appropriations for the Healthy Forests Reserve Program (HFRP) of $12 million annually through FY2026. (16 U.S.C. §6578; P.L. 119-37)

Commodity Credit Corporation. Provides mandatory CCC funding for a new Forest Conservation Easement Program (FCEP) of $25 million in FY2027, $50 million annually for FY2028-FY2030, and $65 million in FY2031. (§2501(a)(3))

Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) funding. Provides mandatory CCC funding of $425 million for FY2026 and $450 million annually for FY2027-FY2031. (16 U.S.C. §3871d(a))

Commodity Credit Corporation. Moves funding authority for RCPP from within the program and provides mandatory CCC funding of $450 million annually for FY2027-FY2031. (§2501(a)(3))

Regional equityequity. Requires regional equity through proportional distribution of conservation program funds based on historical funding levels. (16 U.S.C. §3841(e))

Commodity Credit Corporation. Excludes FCEP from regional equity requirements. (§2501(b))

Acceptance and use of contributions for public-private partnerships. Requires USDA to establish contribution accounts for public-private partnership projects to address natural resource priorities (e.g., climate change and carbon sequestration). Contributed funds are used to leverage existing funds for certain conservation programs (e.g., EQIP, CSP, ACEP, and RCPP). Requires annual reports to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction^a through FY2031. (16 U.S.C. §3841(f))

Commodity Credit Corporation. Amends eligible programs to include FCEP. (§2501(c))

Report on program enrollments and assistance. Requires annual reports to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction,^a through FY2026, on program enrollments and assistance under conservation programs, including significant payments, waivers, and exceptions. (16 U.S.C. §§3841(i);; P.L. 119-37)

Commodity Credit Corporation. Reauthorizes the annual report requirements through FY2031. (§2501(d))

Conservation standards and requirements. Requires that NRCS serve as the lead USDA agency for developing and establishing technical standards, including standards for conservation practices, and requirements for conservation programs. Requires that technical standards used by the Farm Service Agency (FSA) be consistent with the technical standards developed by NRCS. (16 U.S.C. §3841(j))

Commodity Credit Corporation. Adds a requirement that USDA provide a technical standard for composting. Defines composting as an activity to produce compost from organic waste that is used and managed on a farm. Requires consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency on whether nearby community contribution of organic waste would result in a net reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. (§2501(e))

Delivery of technical assistance. Requires USDA to provide all producers participating in conservation programs technical assistance, either by USDA or through an approved third-party provider. (16 U.S.C. §§3842(a))

Delivery of technical assistance. Defines aAdds definitions for nonfederal certifying entity and farmer-to-farmer network. Defines nonfederal certifying entity as a nonfederal entity, an Indian Tribe, or a state agency that is approved by USDA to certify third-party technical service providers. Defines famer-to-farmer network as an association of farmers that share technical assistance, information, or related support. (§2502(a))

Certification of third-party providers. Referred to as Technical Service Providers (TSPs), as labeled by USDA, TSPs are third-party providers (individuals or businesses) that have technical expertise in conservation planning and design for a variety of conservation activities. Farmers, ranchers, private businesses, nonprofit organizations, orand public agencies hire TSPs to provide these services on behalf of NRCS. NRCS certifies and approves TSPs through a certification process. (16 U.S.C. §§3842(e))

Delivery of technical assistance. Expands TSP definition to specifically include commercial and nonprofit entities, state and local governments, and federal agencies. Amends the certification process to allow for other nonfederal certifying entities to approve TSPs. Adds requirements, including application deadlines, for nonfederal certifying entities. (§2502(d))

AdministrationAdministration. Allows USDA to use mandatory funding authorized for CRP, ACEP, EQIP, and CSP to fund TSPs. Establishes terms of agreements with TSPs and requires a review of TSP certification requirements. Requires payments to TSPs to be based on fair and reasonable amounts. (16 U.S.C. §§3842(f))

Delivery of technical assistance. Expands the use of mandatory funding to include all USDA conservation programs. Requires additional review of TSP certification requirements and adjustments for increased use, outreach, and quality of TSP services. Amends payment rates to be equal to, but not to exceed, the cost of USDA providing technical assistance. Adds additional payment considerations for specialized equipment and services. Excludes TSP payments from any cost-share requirements under applicable conservation programs. Requires TSP information to be made public. Requires USDA to emphasize TSP use for planning relatedrelating to cover crops, precision agriculture practices, and comprehensive nutrient management. Allows mandatory funding to be used to fund farmer-to-farmer networks. (§2502(e))

Review of conservation practice standards. Requires USDA to complete a review of conservation practice standards. Expands consultation requirements to include input from state technical committees. Requires USDA to develop an administrative process to expedite revisions of conservation practice standards, to consider scientific and technological advancements, to provide local flexibility in the creation of interim practice standards and partner-proposed techniques, and to solicit input from state technical committees. Requires a report to Congress every two years on the process, and the revisions, and innovations considered under the process. (16 U.S.C. §§3842(h))

Delivery of technical assistance. Renames the section heading to "Establishment and Review." Reauthorizes required review of conservation practice standards and requires additional reviews at least every five years. Requires the evaluation of new and innovative technologies that provide equivalent or improved natural resource benefits compared with existing standards. Requires public input and reporting of the final decisions. Creates a new process for establishing interim and new conservation practice standards, including development of a streamlined process, consideration of public input, public reporting requirements, and required reports to Congress. Prioritizes review for innovative technologies, such as precision agriculture technologies, biological fertilizers, and perennial production systems. Establishes a new Office of Conservation Innovation within NRCS that would require the detailing of up to six staff to support and carry out the conservation practice standard review and revision processes. Requires the creation of a composting practice standard. (§2502(f))

No comparable provision.

Delivery of technical assistance. Provides USDA with direct hire authority to appoint individuals to positions that provide technical assistance to NRCS conservation programs. Allows appointments to be made without regard to federal hiring preferences, standards, and ranking requirements. Maintains requirements for Selective Service registration and prohibition on the consideration of recommendations of Senators orand Representatives. Requires applicants to meet qualifications related to providingrelating to the provision of technical assistance and standards established by the Office of Personnel Management. (§2502(g))

No comparable provision.

Delivery of technical assistance. Requires USDA to support nonstructural methods of livestock control (e.g., virtual fence) and other practices to support wildlife habitat connectivity. (§2502(h))

No comparable provision

Administrative requirements for conservation programs. Deletes the limit that not more than 15% of a county may be enrolled as a wetland reserve easement under ACEP. (§2503(b))

Review and guidance of practice costs and payment rates. Requires USDA to review and issue guidance on the cost effectiveness of cost-share rates and payment rates for all farm bill conservation programs. Requires USDA to issue guidance to states for an annual review and adjustment of rates. (16 U.S.C. §3844(j))

Administrative requirements for conservation programs. Requires an annual review of the actual practice costs by state and the payment rates under all farm bill conservation programs. Requires USDA to establish procedures for updating payment rates to reflect practice costs at the time of practice implementation. (§2503(c))

Source water protection through targeting of agricultural practices. Requires USDA to encourage conservation practices relatedrelating to water quality and quantity that protect source waters used for drinking water through all farm bill conservation programs. Allows producers to receive incentives and increased payment rates (up to 90% of cost) for such practices. Requires USDA to collaborate with community water systems and NRCS state technical committees to identify local priority areas. Requires 10% of all annual funding for conservation programs (except CRP) to be used for water protection practices for FY2019-FY2031. (16 U.S.C. §3844(n))

Administrative requirements for conservation programs. Requires USDA to identify a source water protection coordinator for each state. Requires an annual public report that includes program and funding information, including an interactive map with aggregated data. (§2503(d))

No comparable provision.

Administrative requirements for conservation programs. Allows USDA to encourage the use of conservation practices that support the development, restoration, and maintenance of habitat connectivity and wildlife corridors. (§2503(e))

Subtitle G——Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP)

Definitions. Defines seven terms under ACEP. Defines buy-protect-sell transaction to allow land owned by an organization to be eligible for the program, subject to the transfer of ownership to a farmer or rancher within three years following the acquisition of the agricultural land easement (ALE). (16 U.S.C. §3865a)

Agricultural land easements. Deletes the definition of buy-protect-sell transaction. (§2601)

Availability of assistance. Provides ACEP funds for the purchase of ALEs by eligible entities, for technical assistance to implement the program, and to develop an ALE plan and for buy-protect-sell transactions. (16 U.S.C. §3865b(a))

Agricultural land easementseasements. Deletes buy-protect-sell transactions as eligible for funding. (§2602(a))

Cost-shareCost-share assistance. Limits the federal share of an ALE to 50% of the fair market value of the easement. Requires ALE eligible entities to provide contributions that are at least equivalent to the federal share. Allows grasslands of special environmental significance up to 75% of the fair market value for the federal share. The nonfederal portion used by the eligible entity can be cash, landowner donations, costs associated with the easement, or other costs determined by USDA. (16 U.S.C. §§§§3865b(b)(1) and1) and (b)(2))

Agricultural land easementseasements. Limits the federal share of an ALE to 65% of the fair market value of the easement. Creates a new exception in the case of a socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher who holds at least 50% ownership interest; the federal share may be up to 90% of the fair market value of the easement. Requires the nonfederal portion to cover the remainder in value of the easement. Adds a low cost-share option that reduces the federal share of an ALE to 25% of the fair market value of the easement if the agreement does not include a right of enforcement for USDA. Under the low cost-share option, allows the eligible entity to use its own terms and conditions for the ALE if USDA determines they are consistent with the purposes of the programs and permit effective enforcement. Requires entities using the low cost-share option to provide at least 50% of the fair market value of the ALE in cash. (§2602(b)(1))

EvaluationEvaluation and ranking of applications. Requires the evaluation and ranking criteria for ALE applications to maximize the benefit of federal investment under ACEP. (16 U.S.C. §§3865b(b)(3))

Agricultural land easementseasements. Adds a new provision allowing USDA to pool applications from socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers and consider them separately from other ALE applications. (§2602(b)(2))

Agreements with eligible entities. ACEP ALE enrollment is through eligible entities that enter into cooperative agreements of three to five years in length with USDA. The entities acquire easements and hold, monitor, manage, and enforce the easements. Entities may use their own terms and conditions for ALEs if USDA determines they are consistent with the purpose of the program, permit effective enforcement, and include a right of enforcement for USDA. (16 U.S.C. §§3865b(b)(4))

Agricultural land easementseasements. Requires eligible entities' terms and conditions to include a right for USDA to require transfer of the easement if the eligible entity ceases to exist or is no longer eligible for ACEP. (§2602(b)(3))

Certification of eligible entities. Requires USDA to establish a process for certifying eligible entities with specified criteria. Land trusts accredited by the Land Trust Accreditation Commission with more than 10 successful ALEs under ACEP or other easement programs, and state agencies with more than 10 successful ALEs under ACEP or other easement programs, may be considered certified under ACEP if they successfully meet program responsibilities. Requires USDA to review eligible entities every three3 years. Allows USDA to revoke certifications if found ineligible after review and a 180-day grace period to correct actions. (16 U.S.C. §§3865b(b)(5))

Agricultural land easementseasements. Amends the certification process in order to minimize administrative burdens on USDA and to recognize the ability of experienced eligible entities to administer easements with minimal USDA oversight. Lowers the threshold for certification to five5 successful ALEs under ACEP for both land trusts and states. Expands certification eligibility considerations to entities that are not land trusts or states but have more than 10 successful ALEs under ACEP or other easement programs. Requires annual quality review of a sample set of eligible entities. (§2602(b)(4))

Availability of assistance. Permits ACEP Wetland Reserve Easements (WREs) to enroll land to restore, protect, and enhance wetlands through 30-year easements, permanent easements, or 30-year contracts for Indian Tribes. (16 U.S.C. §§3865c(b)(1))

Wetland reserve easements. Expands eligibility of 30-year contracts to include socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers. (§2603(a)(1))

No comparable provision.

Wetland reserve easements. Allows USDA to evaluate and rank applications from socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers separately from other applications. (§2603(a)(2))

No comparable provision.

Wetland reserve easements. Requires USDA to provide funding for repair, maintenance, and enhancement activities on existing WREs in accordance with a WRE plan. Prioritizes identified maintenance and management needs. Limits payments to 100% of the cost of the practice. Requires USDA to provide a report to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction^a within two years of enactment on funds required and used under this provision. (§2603(c))

Technical assistance. USDA may use contracts with private entities or agreements with states, nongovernmental organizations, or Indian Tribes to carry out restoration, enhancement, or maintenance of WREs. (16 U.S.C. §3865c(d))

Wetland reserve easements. Renames subsection. Expands eligibility to federal and local agencies. Adds repair, assessment, and monitoring to the actions that could be carried out through a contract or agreement. (§2603(d))

Wetland reserve enhancement optionreserve enhancement option. Authorizes USDA to conduct a WRE option (referred to as the Wetlands Reserve Enhancement Partnership, WREP), which that uses agreements with states to leverage funds for high-priority wetlands projects. (16 U.S.C. §3865c(e))

Wetland reserve easements. Requires at least 15% of funds available to carry out ACEP WREs to be used for WREP. (§2603(e))

Modification and exchange. Allows USDA to modify or exchange any ACEP easement if no reasonable alternative exists and the modification or exchange (1) results in a greater or equivalent conservation value, (2) results in a greater or equivalent economic value to the United States, (3) is consistent with the original intent of the easement and purposes of ACEP, and (4) is in the public interest and furthers the practical administration of ACEP. USDA may not increase payments due tobecause of modifications or exchanges. (16 U.S.C. §3865d(c)(2))

Administration. Separates the modification and exchange requirements into separate provisions. For modifications, removes the authority to modify an ACEP easement if no reasonable alternative exists and replaces it with a requirement that the modification supports the long-term agricultural viability of the farm and conservation values of the easement. Removes the allowance for the modification based on creating a greater or equivalent economic value to the United States. Allows modifications of an easement to make corrections, exercise reserved rights, and make changes based on water availability. Amends the limitation on increased payments if the modification would add acres to the easement. Adds that ACEP modifications are not to be considered major federal actions under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Exchange requirements remain unchanged as a separate provision. (§2604(a)(1))

No comparable provision.

Administration. Allows de minimis adjustments of ACEP easements if they further the practical administration of the programs and are not a subordination, modification, exchange, or termination. Defines dede minimis adjustments to include typographical errors, minor changes in legal descriptions due to mapping errors, transfers of interest between eligible entities, changes to building envelope boundaries, access relocations, temporary work areas, and other adjustments determined appropriate by USDA. Allows eligible entities to modify terms and conditions if they do not conflict with the required minimum terms and conditions. (§2604(a)(2))

Limitation. Limits eligibility for various USDA programs (including ACEP) to persons and legal entities whose average adjusted gross income (AGI) is no more than $900,000. (7 U.S.C. §1308-3a(b)(1))

Administration. Exempts ACEP from AGI limits and removes any income derived from ACEP from being included in the AGI calculation. (§2604(b))

Subtitle H——Forest Conservation Easement Program (FCEP)

No directly comparable provision.

The purpose of ACEP ALEs is to protect agricultural use and future viability by limiting nonagricultural uses. (16 U.S.C. §3865(b)(3))

HFRP assists private and tribal landowners in restoring and enhancing forest ecosystems for the purposes of species recovery, biodiversity improvement, and carbon sequestration enhancement as outlined in restoration plans. (16 U.S.C. §§6571)

Forest conservation easement program. Creates a new forest conservation easement program that funds two types of easements: forest land easements and forest reserve easements. Forest land easements are similar to ALEs under ACEP. Forest reserve easements are similar to easements under HFRP, which would be repealed uponon enactment (§2902). Authorizes FCEP to acquire easements for the purpose of protecting the sustainability of forest lands by limiting non-forest land uses, protecting and enhancing forest ecosystems and species habitats, and carrying out the purposes of HFRP prior to repeal. (§2701)

No directly comparable provision. HFRP defines acreage owned by Indian tribes as land held in trust by the United States for the benefit of Indian Tribes or tribal members; land held by Indian Tribes or individual Indians subject to federal restrictions; land subject to rights of use, occupancy, and benefit of certain Indian Tribes; land held in fee title by an Indian Tribe; land owned by a native corporation formed under §17 of the Indian Reorganization Act (25 U.S.C. §5124) or §8 of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. §1607); or any combination thereof. (16 U.S.C. §6572(e)(2)(A))

Forest conservation easement program. Defines terms used by FCEP, including

Acreage owned by an Indian tribe, which repeats the definition used under HFRP;

Eligible entity means an "agency of state or local government," Indian Tribe, or eligible organization;

Eligible land means private forest land or "acreage owned by an Indian Tribe" that, if enrolled in either a forest land easement or forest reserve easement, would protect forest use and species habitat;

Forest land easement means an easement that protects forest land use while maintaining working forest production, in accordance with a forest management plan;

Forest management plan means a "forest stewardship plan" or other plan developed by a third party or state forestry agency, as appropriate;

Forest reserve easement means an easement that protects forest land use while maintaining working forest production, in accordance with a forest reserve easement plan;

Program means FCEP; and

Socially disadvantaged forest landowner means a forest landowner who is a member of a group that has been subjected to racial or ethnic prejudice because of their identity as members of a group without regard to their individual qualities. (§2701)

No directly comparable provision. ACEP ALEs provide for the purchase of conservation easements through eligible entities by limiting the land's nonagricultural uses. The federal cost may not exceed 50% of the fair market value of the easement. Grasslands of special environmental significance are allowed up to 75% of the fair market value for the federal share. Fair market value is determined through approved industry methods. The nonfederal portion can be cash, landowner donations, costs associated with the easement, or other costs determined by USDA. Requires the evaluation and ranking criteria for ALE applications to maximize the benefit of federal investment under ACEP. USDA must enter into agreements with eligible entities that have the authority and resources to enforce easements, polices, and procedures. Agreements with noncertified entities are three to five years in length, and they may use their own terms and conditions on approval. Substitution of qualified projects may be made if mutually agreed on. If an eligible entity violates the terms of the agreement, USDA may terminate the agreement and require a refund of any payments, plus interest. USDA must follow a certification process for eligible entities, including a periodic review. ALEs must be permanent or the maximum duration under state law. USDA may provide technical assistance on request. (16 U.S.C. §3865b)

Forest conservation easement program. Authorizes FCEP to purchase forest land easements, support development of a forest management plan, and support technical assistance to implement the program. These new forest land easements are similar to ALEs under ACEP. Limits the federal share of an easement to 50% of the fair market value or up to 75% of fair market value if it is owned by a socially disadvantaged forest landowner or is of special environmental significance. Sets requirements for the nonfederal portion used by the eligible entity and the fair market value determination methods to be similar to ACEP. Requires USDA to rank applications to maximize federal investment, with priority given to easements that would maintain working forest land and land with an existing forest management plan. Allows eligible entities to enter into cooperative agreements of three to five years in length with USDA. Requires the entities to hold, monitor, manage, and enforce the easements. Allows entities to use their own terms and conditions if USDA determines they arethat are determined by USDA to be consistent with the purpose of the program, permit effective enforcement, include a forest management plan, limit impervious surfaces, and include a right of enforcement for USDA. Additional permitted terms and conditions are allowed if they are intended to keep land in active forest management, allow mineral development in accordance with state law, and include other relevant activities relatedrelating to the easement. Substitution and violation provisions are identical to ACEP. Allows forest management plans to be a reimbursable cost. Includes the same duration and technical assistance requirements as ALEs. (§2701)

No directly comparable provision. HFRP enrolls acres using 10-year agreements, 30-year easements, and permanent easements. Provides first priority to endangered or threatened species listed under the Endangered Species Act, as amended (ESA, 16 U.S.C. §1533), and second priority to candidate species for listing under ESA, state-listed species, special concern species, or species in greatest conservation need. (16 U.S.C. §6572(f))

Land enrolled in HFRP is subject to a restoration plan that includes practices that are necessary to restore and enhance species' habitats. (16 U.S.C. §6573)

Payment for a permanent easement under HFRP is 75%-100% of the fair market value of the land before the easement, less the value after the easement. Cost-share payment for practices implemented is 100%. For 30-year easements, payment is 75% of the value of the easement and 75% of the practice costs. For 10-year agreements, payments are 50% of the lesser of the actual cost or average cost of the practices. (16 U.S.C. §6574)

Requires USDA to provide technical assistance to landowners either directly or through third parties. (16 U.S.C. §6575)

Land enrolled in HFRP may qualify for "safe harbor" protections if the land results in a net benefit for listed, candidate, or other species under ESA. (16 U.S.C. §6576)

Allows USDA to consult with other federal and state agencies, nonprofit organizations, and nonindustrial private forest landowners under HFRP. (16 U.S.C. §6577)

Forest conservation easement program. Authorizes 30-year and permanent (or maximum duration under state law) forest reserve easements and 30-year contracts (Indian Tribes only). Forest reserve easements are similar to easements under HFRP, which would be repealed uponon enactment (§27022702). Limits 30-year easements to 10% of funds. Priority is nearly identical to that of HFRP. Requires easement terms to be consistent with the purpose of the program, and additional terms may be added at the landowner's request. Payment for a permanent easement is similar to HFRP but at 100% of the fair market value. All nonpermanent easement payments are 50%-75% of the payment rate for a permanent easement. Forest reserve easement plans are similar to HFRP restoration plans. Cost-share for practices is 100% for permanent easements and 50%-75% for all other easements and contracts. Technical assistance requirements and safe harbor protections are similar to HFRP. Allows USDA to delegate management, monitoring, and enforcement responsibilities for easements to qualified federal or state agencies. Allows USDA to consult with agencies and organizations similar to those identified under HFRP. (§2701)

No directly comparable provision. ACEP administration requirements outline ineligible land; application ranking priority; and requirements for subordination, exchange, modification, termination, and how land enrolled in other programs is to be handled. Ineligible land includes land owned by the United States (not held in trust for Indian Tribes), states, or local governments. The land may not be eligible if it currently has a similar easement or protection in place or where the easement could be undermined by other conditions (e.g., hazardous substances, rights of way). Prioritizes expiring CRP acres for ACEP easements. USDA may subordinate, exchange, modify, or terminate easements. Land enrolled in CRP may be modified or terminated if enrolled in ACEP. Land enrolled in previously repealed programs is considered enrolled in ACEP. (16 U.S.C. §3865d3865d)

Forest conservation easement program. Defines ineligible land as similarly definedas under ACEP. Allows USDA to subordinate, exchange, modify, or terminate easements in a manner similar to amendments made to ACEP requirements. Land enrolled in HFRP prior to repeal is considered enrolled in FCEP. (§2701)

Healthy Forests Reserve Program (HFRP). HFRP assists private and tribal landowners in restoring and enhancing forest ecosystems for the purposes of species recovery, improving biodiversity, and enhancing biodiversity improvement, and carbon sequestration enhancement as outlined in restoration plans. (16 U.S.C. §§6571§§6571 et seq.)

Healthy Forests Reserve Program. Repeals HFRP with transitional provisions for existing contracts to remain in effect for the term of the contract using previously available funds or funds available under FCEP. (§2702)

Subtitle I——Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP)

Establishment and purpose. The purpose of RCPP is to address resource concerns relatedrelating to soil, water, wildlife, and agricultural land on a regional and watershed scale through grant agreements with eligible partners. (16 U.S.C. §3871(b)(2))

Establishment and purposes. Adds the prevention of flooding and drought mitigation to the list of resource concerns eligible for RCPP. (§2801)

Definitions. Defines seven terms under RCPP, including coveredcovered program to include ACEP, EQIP, CSP, HFRP, CRP, and Watershed Operations. (16 U.S.C. §3871a(1))

Definitions. Deletes HFRP from the list of covered programs and adds FCEP. (§2802)

Partnership agreements authorized. Authorizes USDA to enter into partnership agreements with eligible partners to carry out approved projects. (16 U.S.C. §3871b(a))

Regional conservation partnerships. Requires partnership agreements be entered into within 180 days after selection. Limits the information required in the agreement. (§2803(a))

Duties of the Secretary. Requires USDA to establish program implementation timelines, identify state coordinators, provide assistance to partners, and ensure that activities achieve identified benefits. (16 U.S.C. §3871b(d))

Regional conservation partnerships. Requires payments be made to eligible partners within 30 days of request. (§2803(b))

Duties of eligible partners. Allows USDA to enter into funding agreements directly with partners. Requires activities through these agreements to be carried out on a regional or watershed scale, such as; activities include infrastructure investment, restoration plan coordination with producers, innovative leveraging of federal and private funds, or other projects determined by USDA. Requires annual reports. (16 U.S.C. §3871c(d)(3))

Assistance to producers. Requires that under a funding agreement, at least 50% of the overall costs of the projects must be directly funded by the partner rather than as in-kind or a combination of in-kind and direct funding. (§2804)

Availability of funds and duration of availability. Provides mandatory CCC funding of $425 million for FY2026, and $450 million annually for FY2027-FY2031. (16 U.S.C. §3871d(a))

Funding. Deletes provision and makes conforming amendments, with funding language for FY2027-FY2031 being moved to an earlier section (see §2501(a)(3)) with no change in funding levels. (§2805(a))

Limits on administrative expenses and technical and technical assistance. Excludes administrative expenses of eligible partners from coverage. Allows advanced funding for outreach activities and project development. Advanced funding for partners is to be used within 90 days. Requires USDA to limit costs associated with providing technical assistance with the program, publicly reporting technical assistance costs, and encouraging the use of third-party assistance providers. (16 U.S.C. §§3871d(d), (e))

Funding. Allows up to 10% of funds available for a project to be used to reimburse administrative expenses of the partner. Allows non-reimbursed expenses to count toward the partner's required contribution. Removes the time limit for advanced funding. Requires USDA to provide a simplified process for fund reimbursement and advancement. (§§2805(b), (c))

Administration. Requires USDA to make information on selected projects publicly available. Requires a report to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction^a every two years on the status of projects funded. Prohibits USDA from providing assistance to producers out of compliance with highly erodible cropland and wetlands conservation requirements. Requires USDA to conduct outreach for historically underserved producers and issue regulations for RCPP. (16 U.S.C. §3871e)

Administration. Requires reports to Congress be made publicly available. Requires the terms and conditions of a program contract to be consistent with that of the covered program. Allows USDA to adjust regulatory requirements but not the application of statutory requirements for covered programs used in a partnership agreement. Allows USDA to waive selected ACEP land requirements and eligible entity certifications. Under EQIP, prohibits USDA from considering prior irrigation history when determining eligible land. Exempts terms and conditions for alternative funding agreements from consistency requirements. (§2806)

Critical Conservation Areas (CCAs). Requires USDA to use 50% of RCPP funds for partnership agreements in identified CCAs. Defines priority resource concern as a natural resource concern in a CCA that can be addressed through water quality and quantity improvement, wildlife habitat restoration, and other improvements determined by USDA. (16 U.S.C. §3871f(a)(2))

Critical conservation areas. Adds "wildlife connectivity" and "wildlife migration corridors" to the definition of priority resource concern. (§2807(a))

CCA designations. USDA may establish up to eight CCAs at any one time. Designation may expire after five years, subject to redesignation. Areas are selected by USDA based on several criteria: multistate areas with significant agricultural production, those having an existing agreement or plan in place, those containing priority resource concerns, or those subject to regulatory requirements. (16 U.S.C. §3871f(c))

Critical conservation areas. Requires USDA to include the Columbia River Basin in the current Western Water CCA. (§2807(c))

Current Law/Policy

House-Passed H.R. 7567

Subtitle A—Food for Peace Act

Titles II-IV of the Food for Peace Act (FFPA; P.L. 83-480), as amended. Under FFPA Title II, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) may provide agricultural commodities to meet emergency food needs and for nonemergency assistance. FFPA Title III authorizes USAID to implement a program for "least developed countries" that allows the sale of donated agricultural commodities. Revenue from sales may be used for economic development activities in the recipient countries. Title IV provisions consist of general authorities, requirements, and authorization of appropriations for FFPA programs. (7 U.S.C. §§1721et§§1721 et seq.; P.L. 119-37)

Transfer of authorities to the Secretary of Agriculture. Replaces Administrator of USAID with Secretary of Agriculture in most cases and strikes out Administrator of USAID under provisions of FFPA Titles II-IV. On or after January 1, 2026, USAID's assets, liabilities, orders, determinations, permits, grants, loans, contracts, agreements, certificates, and licenses under FFPA are to be transferred to USDA. Authorizes any other authority or responsibility of USAID under FFPA to be exercised by USDA. References to USAID in related laws or regulations are deemed to refer to USDA. Requires USDA to promulgate or amend rules and regulations to complete the transfer of all functions and duties previously carried out by USAID. Requires USDA to consult with the Department of State from time to time in carrying out FFPA. (§3101)

Provision of agricultural commodities. Under FFPA Title II, USAID may provide agricultural commodities to meet emergency food needs through governments and public or private agencies, including intergovernmental organizations, "notwithstanding any other provisions of law." Authorizes USAID to provide agricultural commodities for nonemergency assistance through eligible organizations, including private voluntary organizations or cooperatives and intergovernmental organizations. Limits certain funding sources for assessing donated food quality characteristics and other activities to $4.5 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1722; P.L. 119-37)

Food aid quality assurance. Amends emergency assistance under FFPA Title II to be subject to other provisions of law but notwithstanding from other provisions of FFPA. Authorizes USDA to provide nonemergency assistance, including in the form of agricultural commodities. Adds nongovernmental organizations as eligible entities to receive nonemergency assistance. Requires at least 50% of the funds made available to USDA under FFPA Title II to be used to procure U.S. agricultural commodities and provide their ocean transportation. Extends annual funding limit at current levels through FY2031. (§31023102)

Levels of assistance. Requires USAID to make at least 2.5 million metric tons of agricultural commodities available annually for food distribution, including at least 1.875 million metric tons for nonemergency food distribution through FY2026. Requires nonemergency food assistance to be at least 75% value-added commodities and requires at least 50% of bagged whole grain commodities to be bagged in the United States. Authorizes USAID to waive the above-mentionedabovementioned requirements. (7 U.S.C. §1724; P.L. 119-37)

Repeal of minimum levels of assistance. Repeals section. (§31033103)

Food Aid Consultative Group. The Food Aid Consultative Group consistsConsists of the Administrator of USAID, the USDA Under Secretary of Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs (TFAA), the Inspector General of USAID, organizations participating or receiving funds under FFPA Title II, foreign indigenous nongovernmental organizations, U.S. agricultural producer and processing groups, and the maritime transportation sector involved in FFPA programs. Terminates the group at the end of calendar year 2026. (7 U.S.C. §1725; P.L. 119-37)

Food aid consultative group. Replaces the Administrator of USAID with the Secretary of Agriculture and replaces USAID with USDA. Eliminates the membership role of the USDA TFAA Under Secretary. Adds the Secretary of State as a member. Extends the authority of the Food Aid Consultative Group through calendar year 2031. (§31043104)

Administration. Requires USAID to issue all necessary regulations and revisions to agency guidelines regarding changes in the operation or implementation of programs under FFPA Title II no later than 270 days after the enactment of the 2018 farm bill. Authorizes USAID to use up to 1.5%, but not less than $17 million, of the funds available annually through FY2026 for FFPA Title II to implement program oversight, monitoring, and evaluation. Not more than $500,000 is available for information technology systems maintenance. Not more than $8 million annually through FY2026 may be used for early warning assessments and systems to help prevent famines. (7 U.S.C. §1726a; P.L. 119-37)

Issuance of regulations; oversight, monitoring, and evaluation. Requires USDA to issue all necessary regulations and revisions to agency guidelines regarding changes in the operation or implementation of programs under FFPA Title II no later than 270 days after enactment. Updates provisions requiring USAID to consult with USDA to conform with changes from §3101. Extends funding requirements for program oversight, monitoring, and evaluation through FY2031. (§(§3105)

International food relief partnership. Authorizes USAID to provide grants to prepare, stockpile, and distribute shelf-stable prepackaged foods for needy individuals in foreign countries. In addition to other available funding, authorizes appropriations of $10 million annually through FY2026, to remain available until expended. (7 U.S.C. §1726b; P.L. 119-37)

International food relief partnership. Removes separate authorization of appropriations. In addition to other funds available to carry out this program, requires at least $15 million made available to USDA under FFPA Title II to be made available for this program from FY2027 through FY2031, to remain available until expended. (§3106)

Use of Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC). Lists the specific costs associated with acquiring and distributing commodities under FFPA Titles II and III that may be paid using CCC funds. (7 U.S.C. §1736(b))

Use of commodity credit corporation. Authorizes the CCC to pay "all associated and incidental costs" of commodities available under FFPA Titles II and III. (§3107)

Administrative provisions. Requires USAID to transfer, arrange transportation, and take other steps necessary to make available agricultural commodities under FFPA Titles II and III. Authorizes USAID to use funds made available for FY2001-FY2026 to implement FFPA Titles II and III to procure, transport, and storeprocurement, transportation, and storage of agricultural commodities for prepositioning. Limits funds to preposition commodities in foreign countries to $15 million annually through FY2026. Requires USAID and USDA annual international food assistance reports to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction^a and the House Committee on Foreign Affairs. (7 U.S.C. §1736a; P.L. 119-37)

Pre-positioningPrepositioning of agricultural commodities and annual report regarding food aid programs and activities. Extends authority and funding requirements at current levels for prepositioning of agricultural commodities through FY2031. Makes changes to the required USDA annual report to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction^a and the House Committee on Foreign Affairs. Removes some specified topics and adds others. (§(§3108)

Expiration date. Prohibits new agreements under FFPA to finance sales or to provide assistance after calendar year 2024. (7 U.S.C. §1736b; P.L. 119-37)

Deadline for agreements to finance sales or to provide other assistance. Permits new agreements until the end of calendar year 2031. (§3109)

Minimum level of nonemergency food assistance. Requires at least $365 million to be made available annually for nonemergency food assistance through FY2026. Limits funding for nonemergency food assistance to 30% of the total made available annually under FFPA Title II through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1736f; P.L. 119-37)

Minimum level of nonemergency food assistance. Extends minimum and maximum funding levels for FFPA Title II nonemergency food assistance through FY2031. Adds a new provision, "Minimum Levels of Funding to Address Child Wasting," requiring at least $200 million to be made available annually for the procurement of ready-to-use therapeutic foods under certain circumstances. This funding is to be made available when the global child wasting rate is above 5% and annual funding for FFPA Title II is above $1.2 billion. (§3110)

Micronutrient fortification programs. Requires USAID, in consultation with USDA, to establish programs to assist developing countries in correcting micronutrient dietary deficiencies and apply technologies and systems to ensure the quality, shelf life, bioavailability, and safety of fortified food aid. Terminates programprograms at the end of FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1736g-2; P.L. 119-37)

Termination date for micronutrient fortification programs. Strikes out reference to USAID. Terminates programprograms at the end of FY2031. (§3111)

John Ogonowski and Doug Bereuter Farmer-to-Farmer (F2F) Program. Authorizes the F2F program to use individuals and groups from the U.S. agricultural sector to provide technical assistance to producers and farm organizations in qualifying countries to improve agricultural systems and to strengthen agricultural groups in those countries. (7 U.S.C. §1737; P.L. 119-37)

John Ogonowski and Doug Bereuter farmer-to-farmer program. Extends authority and authorization of appropriations at current levels through FY2031. Replaces USAID with USDA to carry out the F2F program. (§(§3112)

No comparable provision.

Food for Peace Act administration. Authorizes USDA to use appropriated funds for the salaries and expenses of the Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) under an appropriations Act or any other provision of law to pay for the administrative expenses of USDA to implement FFPA from FY2026 through FY2031. For FY2026 through FY2031, unexpended funds for the administrative expenses of USDA to implement FFPA at the end of the fiscal year may be carried over to the following fiscal year. (§3113)

Subtitle B—Agricultural Trade Act of 1978

Foreign Market Development (FMD) Cooperator Program. Establishes FMD to maintain and develop foreign markets for U.S. agricultural commodities in cooperation with eligible trade organizations. Provides mandatory CCC funding of not less than $34.5 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §5623(c); 7 U.S.C. §5623(f)(3)(ii); P.L. 119-37)

Agricultural trade promotion and facilitation. Requires USDA, as part of a new FMD subprogram, to enter into contracts or other agreements with eligible trade or nonprofit organizations to enhance infrastructure capabilities in new and developing foreign markets to ensure U.S. agricultural commodities are not damaged or lost due to infrastructure deficiencies. For FY2027, not more than $1.5 million may be made available for this subprogram. For FY2028 and every fiscal year after, not more than $5 million may be available for this subprogram. (§3201(a))

Annual Report. Requires an annual USDA report to the appropriate congressional committees of Congress on factors affecting the export of specialty crops, including trade barriers, and reasons for any unobligated funds provided to the Technical Assistance for Specialty Crops (TASC), an export assistance program. (7 U.S.C. §5623(e)(7))

Agricultural trade promotion and facilitation. Changes report requirements. Requires USDA, in consultation with the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR), to submit to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction,^a House Committee on Ways and Means, and Senate Committee on Finance every two years a public report on the competitiveness of U.S. specialty crops. Requires the report to identify foreign countries' policies and practices that are barriers to U.S. specialty crop exports, enhancements to imported specialty crop competitiveness to U.S. specialty crops, and differences in food safety regulations that may result in risks to U.S. consumers from imported specialty crops. Requires the report to include information about actions taken or expected to be taken by executive and legislative branches to address foreign trade barriers, policies, and practices. Requires reasons for any unobligated TASC funds. Requires USDA, in coordination with USTR, to seek and consider comments from the public and the Agricultural Technical Advisory Committee for Trade in Fruits and Vegetables for preparation of the report. (§(§3201(b))

Funding and administration. Provides mandatory CCC funding of $255 million annually for the agricultural trade promotion and facilitation programs and allocates not less than $200 million annually for the Market Access Program (MAP), not less than $34.5 million annually for the FMD program, not more than $8 million annually for the E. (Kika) de la Garza Emerging Markets Program (EMP), $9 million annually for TASC, and $3.5 million annually for the Priority Trade Fund. Authorizes MAP and FMD funding to be used in Cuba but prohibits fundingthe funding of activities that contravene directives set by the National Security Presidential Memorandum "Strengthening the Policy of the United States Toward Cuba" during "the period in which that memorandum is in effect." (7 U.S.C. §5623(f); P.L. 119-37)

Agricultural trade promotion and facilitation. Maintains mandatory CCC funding for programs under the Agricultural Trade Promotion and Facilitation Program for FY2026. Increases mandatory CCC funding to $500 million for the programs for FY2027 and to $533 million annually for FY2028 through -FY2031. Increases funding allocation for MAP to not less than $400 million for FY2027 and not less than $410 million annually for FY2028 through FY2031. Increases funding allocation for FMD to not less than $70.5 million for FY2027 and $82 million annually for FY2028 through -FY2031. Maintains funding allocation for EMP of not more than $8 million for FY2027. Increases funding allocation for EMP to not more than $16 million annually for FY2028 through -FY2031. Increases funding allocation for TASC to $18 million annually for FY2027 through -FY2031. Maintains funding allocation for the Priority Trade Fund of $3.5 million for FY2027. Increases funding allocation for the Priority Trade Fund to $7 million annually for FY2028 through -FY2031. (§3201(c))

Prohibition on assistance to mink associations. Prohibits MAP from assisting any mink industry trade association. (7 U.S.C. §5623 note)

Agricultural trade promotion and facilitation. Repeals prohibition. (§(§3201(d))

Supplemental agricultural trade promotion program. Requires USDA to carry out an agricultural export promotion program. Provides mandatory CCC funding of $285 million annually for the program indefinitely beginning in FY2027. (7 U.S.C. §5623a5623a)

Agricultural trade promotion and facilitation. Repeals the program. (§3201(d))

Definitions. Defines terms used in the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-501), as amended. (7 U.S.C. §5602)

Preserving foreign markets for goods using common names. Inserts and defines common name as a name that USDA determines is ordinarily or customarily used for an agricultural commodity or food product, is typically placed on the packaging and product label of the agricultural commodity or food product, and is consistent with standards of the Codex Alimentarius Commission. Lists examples of food, wine, and beer names that are considered common names. Adds to the definition of unfair trade practice of a foreign country: (i.e., prohibiting or disallowing the use of the common name of a U.S. agricultural or food product). (§3202(a))

No comparable provision.

Preserving foreign markets for goods using common names. Requires USDA to coordinate with USTR to secure the right of U.S. agricultural producers, processors, and exporters to use common names for agricultural commodities or food products in foreign markets through the negotiations of agreements, memoranda of understanding, or exchange of letters. Requires USDA and USTR to jointly brief the agriculture committees of jurisdiction,^a House Committee on Ways and Means, and Senate Committee on Finance twice annually on their efforts and successes twice annually. (§. (§3202(b))

No comparable provision.

Interagency seasonal and perishable fruits and vegetable working groupseasonal and perishable fruits and vegetable working group. Requires TFAA, USTR, Department of Commerce, and other federal agencies to jointly establish an interagency working group to monitor and assess seasonal and perishable fruits and vegetables trade data and related information. Requires the working group to consult with the Agricultural Trade Advisory Committee, seasonal or perishable agricultural producers, and trade associations to identify import threats to domestic seasonseasonal and perishable fruits and vegetables producers. (§(§3203)

Subtitle C—C—Other Agricultural Trade Laws

Biotechnology and agricultural trade program. Establishes a program to provide grants to address significant, regulatory, nontariff barriers for U.S. agricultural exports through public and private sector projects, EMP, or the Cochran Fellowship Program. Authorizes appropriations of $2 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §5679; P.L. 119-37)

Growing American food exports. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§(§3301)

Food for Progress (FFPr). Establishes FFPr, which requires USDA to enter into agreements with eligible entities to furnish agricultural commodities acquired by USDA or the CCC to developing countries and emerging democracies. No less than 400 thousand,000 metric tons of commodities willare to be provided annually but no more than $40 million may fund costs outside of the cost of commodities annually through FY2026, unless authorized by appropriations in advance. Authorizes proceeds generated from the sale of agricultural commodities to be used for food assistance and development programs. Terminates the program on December 31, 2026. (7 U.S.C. §1736o; P.L. 119-37)

Food for Progress Act of 1985. Extends FFPr funding requirements through FY2031. Requires USDA to enter into two or more agreements annually with two or more eligible entities to provide developing countries and emerging democracies with agricultural commodities acquired by USDA or the CCC. Removes the term humanitarian from program purposes and for costs incurred by eligible entities. Program terminates on December 31, 2031. (§3302)

Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust (BEHT). Establishes BEHT, a trust of agricultural commodities or funds maintained by USDA, to meet emergency humanitarian food needs in developing countries. Authorizes USAID to release the funds or commodities to provide food and cover costs under FFPA Title II to address emergencies when Title II is not sufficientcannot sufficiently do so during the fiscal year. Terminates the program on September 30, 2026. (7 U.S.C. §1736f-1;-1; P.L. 119-37)

Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust Act. Reauthorizes BEHT through FY2031. Replaces USAID with USDA in determining whether funds and commodities held in BEHT willare to be made available if FPPA Title II is not sufficient tocannot sufficiently meet emergency needs during the fiscal year. Strikes out provision not requiring a waiver under FFPA Title II for minimum levels of assistance and the reporting requirement to Congress for the reason of the waiver. Requires USDA to reimburse the CCC for the release of eligible commodities from funds made available to carry out FFPA and makes the funds will be available to replenish BEHT. (§3303)

Promotion of agricultural exports to emerging markets. Provides mandatory CCC funding of not less than $1 billion annually through FY2026 for direct credits or export credit guarantees for exports to emerging markets. Makes a portion of export credit guarantees available to establish or improve facilities and services for U.S. products. (7 U.S.C. §5622 note; P.L. 119-37)

Promotion of agricultural exports to emerging markets. Extends mandatory CCC funding at current levels through FY2031. Also extendsExtends funding allocation to establish or improve facilities and services to FY2031. (§(§3304)

International Agricultural Education Fellowship Program. Establishes the fellowship program for eligible U.S. citizens to assist developing countries in establishing school-based agricultural education and youth extension programs. Authorizes the program to be contracted out to experienced outside organizations. Authorizes appropriations of $5 million annually through FY2026, to remain available until expended. (7 U.S.C. §3295; P.L. 119-37)

International agricultural education fellowship program. Extends authorization of appropriations through FY2031. Requires USDA, to the maximum extent possible, to implement fellowship programs in participating host countries no for for no less than three consecutive years and ensure contracts awarded to outside organizations are multi-year. (§multiyear. (§3305)

No comparable provision.

International agriculture cultural immersion and exchange program. Establishes theagriculture cultural immersion and exchange program. Establishes an exchange program for eligible U.S. citizens and eligible foreign residents aged 19 to -30 years for the purpose of developing globally minded U.S. citizens and strengthening trade in agricultural, food, nutrition, and environmental industries. Requires USDA to enter into a cooperative agreement with an experienced nonprofit organization. Nonprofit organizations must provide equal matching funds from nonfederal sources. Authorizes appropriations of $10 million annually from FY2027 through FY2031. (§(§3306)

International food security technical assistance. Requires USDA to compile and make available information on the improvement of international food security. Authorizes USDA to provide technical assistance to implement programs for the improvement of international food security. Authorizes appropriations of $1 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1736dd; P.L. 119-37)

International food security technical assistance. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§(§3307)

McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Program. Establishes the program to procure agricultural commodities and provide financial and technical assistance for education and child nutrition programs in foreign countries. Limits funds available for purchase of agricultural commodities produced in recipient countries or developing countries in the same region to 10% of program funding. Authorizes appropriations of such sums as necessary through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1736o-1; P.L. 119-37)

McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Program. Extends the program and reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. Allows "lower-middle" income recipient countries to be eligible for USDA payment for commodity transportation, storage, and handling costs. Requires at least 8% but no more than 15% of program funds to be used to purchase agricultural commodities produced in recipient countries or developing countries in the same region. (§(§3308)

Global Crop Diversity Trust. Requires USAID to contribute funds to the trust to assist in the conservation of genetic diversity in food crops through the collection and storage of the food crop germplasm. Limits federal government contributions to the trust to 33% of total funds contributed to the trust from all sources. Limits federal government contributions to $5.5 million annually through FY2026. Authorizes appropriations of $60 million total for the combined 13 years of FY2014-FY2026. (22 U.S.C. §2220a note; P.L. 119-37)

Global crop diversity trust. Limits the aggregate federal government contribution to the trust for FY2027-FY2031 to no more than 33% of the total amount of funds contributed from all sources and for all purposes. Limits federal government contributions to $5.5 million annually through FY2031. Authorizes appropriations of $60 million total for the combined nine years of FY2023-FY2031. (§(§3309)

Local and regional food aid procurement projects. Requires USDA to provide grants or enter into cooperative agreements with eligible organizations to carry out field-based projects consisting of local or regional procurement of eligible commodities to respond to food crises and disasters. Authorizes appropriations of $80 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1726c; P.L. 119-37)

Local and regional food aid procurement projects. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§3310)

No comparable provision.

Agricultural trade enforcement task forcetrade enforcement task force. Requires the President to establish the task force within 30 days of enactment. The task force is to include members from FAS, USTR, and other federal agencies as needed. Requires the task force to identify trade barriers for U.S. agricultural exports that are vulnerable to dispute settlement, develop and implement a strategy to enforce trade agreement violations, identify like-minded trading partners as potential participants in disputes, and report to Congress quarterly on progress toward resolving cases or filing disputes. Requires the task force to regularly consult with private sector stakeholders, including the agricultural trade advisory committees, federal departments and agencies not part of the task force, and like-minded trading partners. Requires a report to Congress within 90 days of enactment and on a quarterly basis thereafter includingto include information on significant trade barriers, progress on developing dispute settlement cases, and the current status of ongoing disputes registered with the World Trade Organization (WTO). Requires a plan to file a request for a WTO dispute settlement process for consultations to address India's minimum price supports. Requires USTR and USDA to brief Members of Congress and congressional staff on the task force. (§3311)

No comparable provision.

Report on international shrimp trade. Requires the Government Accountability Office to submit to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction,^a House Committee on Energy and Commerce, and the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, within 180 days of enactment, a report examining policy options available to USDA to boost the competitiveness of domestic shrimp in global and domestic markets. (§(§3312)

Subtitle D—Other Trade Matters

No comparable provision.

Report on modifications to USMCA. Requires USDA, in coordination with USTR, before July 1, 2026, to submit to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction.^,a House CommitteesCommittee on Ways and Means and, House Committee on Foreign Affairs, and Senate CommitteesCommittee on Finance, and Senate Committee and on Foreign Relations a publicly available report on how any expected or implemented modification or revocation of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) will affect agricultural imports and exports, including pricing and domestic producer revenue and profitability. (§3401)

No comparable provision.

Sense of Congress and report on Argentine beef imports. Expresses a sense of Congress that U.S. ranchers and cattle producers produce the healthiest and highest quality beef on the planet; U.S.-Argentina trade agreement(s) allowing expanded Argentinian beef quota market access into the United States is detrimental to U.S. ranchers, cattle producers, and cattle markets; many U.S. consumers prefer U.S.-raised beef; increased Argentinian beef imports and unfair competition could depress cattle prices and impact the U.S. economy; and U.S. consumers are at risk from inconsistent regulatory enforcement abroad. Requires USDA and USTR to jointly submit to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction,^a House CommitteesCommittee on Ways and Means and, House Committee on Foreign Affairs, and Senate CommitteesCommittee on Finance, and Senate Committee and on Foreign Relations a report, no later than 180 days after the United States signs a trade agreement with Argentina that includes a change in the tariff -rate quotas or other duties for fresh and frozen ArgentineanArgentine beef imports, on the effect of imported beef on U.S. beef and cattle markets. (§3402)

Current Law/Policy

House-Passed H.R. 7567

Subtitle A—Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

Declaration of policy. Lists the findings of Congress and the purposes of SNAPSupplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) in response to findings. Includes "[i]t is … the policy of Congress, in order to promote the general welfare, to safeguard the health and well-being of the Nation's population by raising levels of nutrition among low-income households." Finds that limited food purchasing power contributed to hunger and malnutrition in low-income households and that increasing "utilization of food" also benefits the nation's agricultural and marketing industry. Authorizes SNAP to alleviate such hunger and malnutrition via increased purchasing power through normal channels of trade. The Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 (P.L. 118-5, §313) added program purposes related to obtaining employment and increasing earnings. (7 U.S.C. §2011)

Declaration of policy. Adds that Congress recognizes that SNAP allows low-income households to obtain supplemental food for an active, healthy life and supports the prevention of diet-related chronic disease (e.g., diabetes), disability, premature death, unsustainable health care costs, and undermining of military readiness. States that it is the policy of Congress that USDA should administer SNAP in a manner that provides participants, especially children, access to a variety of foods essential to optimal health and well-being. (§4101)

Fees. Through FY2026, bars a state or an agent or contractor of the state from charging any fee for switching or routing SNAP benefits. Switching is defined as "routing of an intrastate or interstate transaction that consists of transmitting the details of a transaction electronically recorded through the use of an Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT) card in one State to the issuer of the card that may be in the same or different State." (7 U.S.C. §2016(h)(13); P.L. 119-37). Historically, these are fees that retailers would pay.

Prohibited fees. Makes the prohibition of these fees permanent (i.e., removes the end date). (§4102)

SNAP staffing. Requires states to use state merit system personnel to conduct SNAP certification interviews and make final decisions on eligibility determinations. A "major change in operations" triggers a review by USDA (see USDA Food and Nutrition Service (FNS)[FNS] Memo, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program—Use of Nonmerit Personnel in SNAP Administration, March 20, 2024). (7 U.S.C. §§2020(e)(6); ; 7 U.S.C. §§2020(a)(4))

SNAP staffing flexibility. Authorizes states to hire a private contractor to conduct SNAP certification or other functions under certain circumstances. The circumstances are when a state (1) is unable to process SNAP applications in a timely way frombecause of causes such as pandemics and health emergencies, seasonal workforce cycles, temporary staffing shortages, and weather or other natural disasters; (2) has an error payment rate (as determined through the quality control system) greater than or equal to 6%; or (3) experiences an increase in applications. The contract cannot provide an incentive to delay eligibility determinations or deny eligibility for SNAP. The contractor may have no direct financial interest in an approved retail store. If the contract is made because of a temporary staffing shortage, the contract (1) must not override collective bargaining agreements or other agreements between the state and its employees or local government employees, (2) must end when the application backlog is eliminated, and (3) must end when the payment error rate is less than 6%.

Contracts must supplement, not supplant, existing merit-based personnel. Contractors must apply general principles of merit employment, such as adequate compensation, training, nondiscrimination, and protection from political coercion. Requires a state to notify USDA of their intentionsits intention to use this authority and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)USDA to publish on the agency website (within 10 days) such notifications. Stipulates that such use of contractors must not be subject to USDA procedures for major changes in state operations. Requires USDA to submit an annual report to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction^a on the use of contractors. (§4103)

Waiting period for new application. A retailer that is denied SNAP authorization because the retailer does not meet USDA criteria may not, for at least six months, submit a new application to participate. USDA has authority to establish a longer time period, including permanent disqualification, based on the severity of the basis ofreason for denial. (7 U.S.C. 2018(d))

UpdatesUpdates to administrative processes for SNAP retailers. Amends the minimum six-month waiting period to apply when the retailer applicant does not meet USDA criteria on two consecutive occasions in a three-year period. (§4104)

Quality control system. SNAP Quality Control (QC) measures payment error rates in SNAP by comparing estimated overpayments and underpayments that exceed the error tolerance level or threshold with total benefits issued. Each year, USDA publishes payment error rates by state annually. The reported rates are based on the number of errors that exceed a dollar threshold amount. Via statute and regulation, theThe error threshold amount has changed over the years via statute and regulation. Since FY2014, the QC error threshold has been set in statute with annual inflation adjustment. The FY2026 error threshold is $58. (7 U.S.C. §2025(c))

Report on all identified payment errorson all identified payment errors. Requires USDA to provide a supplement to annual reports on the payment error rate. The supplement is to show all errors, including those below the tolerance level. These supplemental data must not be used to change the official payment error rates under the QC system and must not affect state matching for benefits or liabilities. (§4105)

Authorization of allotmentsallotments. Authorizes appropriations of such sums as necessary annually for SNAP through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §2027(a); P.L. 119-37)

Authorization of appropriations. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§4106)

Retail food store and recipient trafficking grants. Authorizes appropriations of up to $5 million annually through FY2026 to strengthen USDA's efforts in preventing the fraudulent use of SNAP benefits (i.e., SNAP benefit trafficking). (7 U.S.C. §2036b; P.L. 119-37)

Retail food store and recipient trafficking. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§41074107)

EBT benefit fraud prevention. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-328), requires USDA to issue guidance to state agencies, on an ongoing basis, describing security measures to detect and prevent theft of SNAP benefits through card skimming, card cloning, and other fraudulent methods. USDA must further promulgate regulations, through notice-and-comment rulemaking, to require state agencies to take the security measures described in that guidance. (7 U.S.C. §2016a(a))

EBT card security regulations. Requires USDA to promulgate proposed regulations to enhance EBT card security within six months of enactment of this provision. (§41084108)

No comparable provision.

Report on SNAP administrative expenses. Requires the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to examine and report to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction^a on the causes of state variation in SNAP administrative costs, including an identification of factors that contribute to an increase in costcosts. The report is to recommend how the USDA and Congress can improve oversight of SNAP administration. (§4109(§4109)

Incentives. SNAP-authorized retailers may apply for a waiver in order to offer an incentive to SNAP households for the purchase of an eligible incentive food at the point of purchase. Statute defines eligible incentive food as a "staple food" (defined in 7 U.S.C. 2012(q)) that is "identified for increased consumption, consistent with the most recent dietary recommendations" and a fruit, vegetable, dairy, whole grain, or product of these four foods. (7 U.S.C. §2018(j))

This definition of eligible incentive food applies to incentives that do not receive federal funding (i.e., it is not the definition for the GusNIP or HRMIGus Schumacher Nutrition Incentive Program [GusNIP] or Healthy Fluid Milk Incentives [HFMI] Projects).

Animal protein an eligible incentive food. Amends the definition of eligible incentive food to include animal protein or animal protein products, not limited to whether such food or food product is identified for increased consumption consistent with the most recent dietary recommendations. (§41104110)

Acceptance of program benefits through online transactions. Requires, depending on results of a demonstration project, that USDA authorize retailers to accept SNAP benefits via online transactions. (7 U.S.C. §§2016(k)) The SNAP Online Purchasing Pilot is currently available in the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

Permanent authority for supplemental nutrition assistance program online purchasing. Requires USDA to begin transitioning the SNAP online purchasing initiative from demonstration status to permanent nationwide operations within 120 days of enactment. Within that same timeframetime frame, directs the USDA to (1) establish a formal process for stakeholder consultation to incorporate lessons learned from the pilot program and (2) to report to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction^a on that consultation process and recommendations. Not later than two years from the provision's enactment, the USDA mustUSDA is to issue regulations and guidance addressing specific program issues and when the transition to permanent operations is expected to be completed. (§4111)4111)

Emergency food program infrastructure grants. Authorizes appropriations of $15 million annually for TEFAPthe Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP) infrastructure grants through FY2026. The grants are not currently funded. (7 U.S.C. §7511a,7511a; P.L. 119-37)

Emergency food assistance programs. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§41124112(a))

Availability of commodities for emergency food assistance program. For each of FY2014 through -FY2026, requires USDA to use specified amounts from the SNAP account to purchase TEFAP entitlement commodity foods. Each year, this amount for TEFAP entitlement commodities is adjusted for inflation using the change in the Thrifty Food Plan. (7 U.S.C. §2036(a), P.L. 119-37)

Emergency food assistance programs. Extends requirement through FY2031. (§4112(b))

Allotment and delivery of commodities. Provides the formula for the allocation and reallocation of TEFAP entitlement commodities. (7 U.S.C. §75157515(c)) States currently use their allocation of entitlement commodities to order from USDA's TEFAP offerings, primarily shelf-stable foods with some, but limited, fresh produce offerings. The USDA Department of Defense Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (DoD Fresh) is a partnership between USDA and the Department of Defense ^(DOD)b that currently enables child nutrition programs and the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) to use DoDDOD's food supply chain to procure fresh fruits and vegetables.

Emergency food assistance programs. Adds an option for state TEFAP agencies to use a portion of their entitlement commodity allocation to purchase foods through USDA DoD Fresh. At the request of a state agency, USDA may allow the state agency to use not more than 20% of the state agency'sits entitlement commodity allotment. (§4112(c))

Food distribution program on Indian reservations. Authorizes appropriations of $5 million annually through FY2026 for a FDPIR traditional and locally grown food fund. (7 U.S.C. §2013(b); P.L. 119-37)

Food distribution program on Indian reservations. Reauthorizes appropriations at the current levels through FY2031. (§4113)

Definitions, food. In general, SNAP benefits may be redeemed at SNAP-authorized retailers for any foods for home preparation and consumption. SNAP benefits may not be redeemed for alcohol, tobacco, or hot foods intended for immediate consumption. There are some exceptions for hot foods (e.g., the Restaurant Meals Program). (7 U.S.C. §2012(k))

No directly comparable provision.

Pilot projects. In 2025, USDA began to grant states' "SNAP Food Restriction Waivers" and cited the pilot project authority of 7 U.S.C. 2026(b). This statutory provision requires the approved project to include an evaluation to determine its effects.

Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program (SFMNP).[SFMNP]. Through FY2026, provides $20.6 million in annual mandatory funding from the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) for the SFMNP. The program provides benefits redeemable for "fresh, nutritious, unprepared, locally grown fruits, vegetables, honey, and herbs from farmers' markets, roadside stands, and community supported agriculture programs to low-income seniors." (7 U.S.C. §3007; P.L. 119-37)

Commodity distribution program. Reauthorizes the program and its current annual mandatory CCC funding through FY2031. Adds maple syrup and tree nuts (including shelled tree nuts) to eligible SFMNP foods. (§42014201(a))

Commodity Distribution Program. Authorizes purchase and distribution of agricultural commodities for various food assistance programs through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §612c note; P.L. 119-37)

Commodity distribution program. Extends current law through FY2031. (§42014201(b))

Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP). State and local agencies distribute USDA commodity foods to low-income seniors (60 years of age or older). Various program authorities expire at the end of FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §612c note; P.L. 119-37)) Recipients typically pick up their foods from the local agencies, but some local agencies deliver.

Commodity supplemental food program. Extends current law through FY2031.

Establishes a new competitive grant pilot program "for the operation of projects that increase the access of low-income elderly persons to commodities through home delivery or other means and to evaluate such projects." Requires USDA to award grants, on a competitive basis,competitive grants to CSFP state agencies or to state agencies on behalf of local or sub-distributing CSFP agencies. Requires states awarded grantsawardees to prioritize entities that serve participants residing in rural areas. Requires state agency awardees to submit a report to USDA according to specifications. To carry out this pilot authorizesAuthorizes appropriations of $10 million annually through FY2031 to carry out this pilot program. (§4202. (§4202)

Distribution of surplus commodities to special nutrition projects; reprocessing agreements. When bonus commodities are made available to nutrition assistance programs, requires USDA to encourage further processing into end-use products by private companies. Requires recipient agencies to bear any costs of such processing. Authorized through the end of FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1431e(a); P.L. 119-37)

Distribution of surplus commodities to special nutrition projects. Extends current law through FY2031. (§42034203)

No directly comparable provision.

All CSFP projects distribute foods purchased by USDA. (7 U.S.C. §612c note (d)) Some project operators are Indian tribal organizations.

The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (2018 farm bill; P.L. 115-334) established a demonstration project for one or more tribal organizations to enter into self-determination contracts for tribesTribes to purchase commodities for FDPIR, subject to the availability of discretionary appropriations. (7 U.S.C. §§2013(b); P.L. 115-334, §4003)

Commodity supplemental food program demonstration project for Tribal demonstration project for Tribal organizations. Requires USDA to establish a demonstration project under which one or more tribal organizations may enter into self-determination contracts to purchase agriculture commodities for CSFP. Includes requirements for tribal consultation, participating tribesTribes, and procured commodities (e.g., must be domestically produced). Requires USDA to submit a report to Congress not later than one year after the date on which funds are appropriated. Authorizes appropriations of $1 million. (§4204(a))

Requires USDA to appoint an existing office of the USDA to administer tribal self-determination contracts (including but not limited to awardingawarding of FNS program contracts). Authorizes appropriations of $1.2 million annually through FY2031 for the payment of USDA contract officers and program staff salaries. (§4204(b))

Subtitle C——Miscellaneous

Purchase of fresh fruits and vegetables for distribution to schools and service institutions. Of a required $200 million in annual specialty crop purchases under Section 32 for domestic food programs, USDA must use at least $50 million in each of FY2008-FY2026 for fresh fruit and vegetable purchases for distribution to schools and other service institutions participating in child nutrition programs. (7 U.S.C. §612c-4(b));; P.L. 119-37)

Purchase of fresh fruits and vegetables for distribution to schools and service institutions. Extends current law through FY2031. (§4301(§4301)

Buy American in school meals programs. School food authorities located in the 48 contiguous states that participate in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), the School Breakfast Program (SBP), or both must purchase domestic commodities or products to the maximum extent practicable. Current law does not define maximum extent practicable; however,, but recent USDA regulations institute a 10% cap on nondomestic purchases beginning in school year 2025-2026, an 8% cap beginning in school year 2028-2029, and a 5% cap beginning in school year 2031-2032. Items must meet certain product availability, cost constraints, or both for schools to use such exemptions. (42 U.S.C. §1760(n); ; 7 C.F.R. §§210.21(d))

Buy American requirements for certain school meals. For school food authorities in the 48 contiguous states participating in NSLP, SBP, or both, institutes a 5% cap on nondomestic purchases effective with the first school year that begins after enactment of this provision. Domestically unavailable products and commodities included on a list determined by USDA (within six months after enactment and revisited at least once every two years) do not count toward the cap. The 5% cap applies "with respect to each food purchase category designated by the Agricultural Marketing Service" (e.g., fruits, vegetables, beef, dairy products) in contrast to the total limit across food categories in current regulations. (§4302)

The Gus Schumacher nutrition incentive program. GusNIP awards competitive grants for nutrition incentive projects (bonus incentives awarded for SNAP purchases of fruits and vegetables) and produce prescription projects (fresh fruits and vegetables for specified low-income individuals with or at risk of diet-related disease). (7 U.S.C. §7517§7517)

Reauthorization of the Gus Schumacher nutrition incentive program. Replaces the requirement that produce prescription projects provide fresh fruits and vegetables with a requirement that they provide "all forms of fruits, vegetables, and legumes." (§43034303)

Authorizes and funds one or more Nutrition Incentive Program Training, Technical Assistance, Evaluation, and Information Centers (NTAEs). Requires nutrition incentive grantees, with the exception of tribal organizations, to provide matching resources of not less than 50% of activity costs. (USDA has implemented this as requiring a 50% match of grantees.) (7 U.S.C. §7517§7517)

Reauthorization of the Gus Schumacher nutrition incentive program. Amends the nutrition incentive matching requirement to authorize USDA to waive matching requirements for an activityactivities carried out in high-poverty counties. Specifically, a county that duringin the preceding 30-year period has had a population where 20% or greater are living in poverty; or a census tract with a poverty rate of at least 20% duringin the preceding 30-year period. The provision includes specific U.S. Census Bureau data sources for these measurements. (§43034303)

Priority criteria for nutrition incentive projects are listed in statute, with USDA's request for applications typically providing additional prioritization criteria. (7 U.S.C. §7517§7517)

Reauthorization of the Gus Schumacher nutrition incentive program. Adds a priority that nutrition incentive projects increase year-round availability of incentives by offering all forms of fruits and vegetables. (§43034303)

Provides mandatory CCC funding of $56 million for FY2023 and each year thereafter. Authorizes appropriations of $50 million annually through FY2026. Within each year of funding through FY2026, USDA shall use not more than 10% for the produce prescription program and not more than 8% for National Institute of Food and Agriculture and FNS administration. For Nutrition Incentive Program Training, Technical Assistance, Evaluation, and Information CentersNTAEs, funding is $7 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §7517§7517, P.L. 119-37)

Reauthorization of the Gus Schumacher nutrition incentive program. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. Extends through FY2031 the limits on produce prescription program and federal administrative costs. Extends $7 million per year for the Nutrition Incentive Program Training, Technical Assistance, Evaluation, and Information CentersNTAEs through FY2031. (§43034303)

Food Loss and Waste Reduction Liaison. Establishes the position of Food Loss and Waste Reduction Liaison to coordinate federal, state, local, and nongovernmental efforts involving food loss and waste. The Liaisonliaison is required to submit to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction^a a report on the results of a USDA study on food waste. Similarly, USDA is to submit a report two years after the enactment of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 20182018 farm bill (P.L. 115-334) estimatingthat estimates food waste from the previous year and providingprovides an overview of USDA food waste loss and prevention activities. The reports are to be provided to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction.^a (7 U.S.C. §6924(e))

Food loss and waste reduction liaison annual report. Requires USDA to submit the report estimating food waste from the previous year and providing an overview of USDA food waste loss and prevention activities every year. The report is to be expanded to include project descriptions, how USDA plans to manage market disruptions, and a summary of activities coordinated with the Environmental Protection Agency and Food and Drug Administration (FDA), among other requirements. (§4304)

Healthy fluid milk incentive projects. Authorizes USDA to carry out pilot projects to develop and test methods that, by providing an incentive at the point of purchase, increase SNAP households' purchases and consumption of fluid milk. Fluid milk is defined as pasteurized cow's milk that is without flavoring or sweeteners, is consistent with the most recent dietary recommendations, is packaged in liquid form, and contains vitamins A and D levels consistent with FDA, state, and local standards. USDA may award cooperative agreements or grants to governmental agencies or nonprofit organizations that meet selection criteria for this purpose. Authorizes appropriations of $20 million, with no more than 7% of funding used for required evaluation. (7 U.S.C. §§2026a)

Dairy nutrition incentives projects. Renames the program as "Dairy nutrition incentive projects" and broadens it to allow incentives for "covered dairy products," including cheese and yogurt along with fluid milk. Amends the definition of fluid milk to remove the requirements that it be without flavoring or sweeteners and consistent with more recent dietary guidelines. Provides that included cheese must be made from pasteurized cow's milk, a good source of protein (as determined by the Secretary), and sold as a block, chunk, shred, slice, stick, string, or in snack-size form. IncludedRequires that "yogurt (or other cultured dairy product)" must also be made from pasteurized cow's milk and be determined to be a good source of protein, in addition to containing limited amounts of added sugar. Increases authorization of appropriations to $50 million. (§4305)

No directly comparable provision.

In 2022-2024, USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) designed and operated a local food procurement program (the Local Food Purchase Assistance (LFPA)[LFPA] Cooperative Agreement Program). Total funding for the program was approximately $900 million, using funding from the American Rescue Plan Act (P.L. 117-2) and the Commodity Credit CorporationCCC. The program provided funding for state, tribal, and territorial governments to purchase domestic foods produced within the state or within 400 miles of the delivery destination. Preference was given to procurethe procurement of commodities from socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers. The foods were distributed to local networks, including non-profitsnonprofits that served underserved communities.

Local farmers feeding our communities program. Directs USDA to establish a cooperative agreement program that provides funds to state, tribal, and territorial governments to purchase unprocessed or minimally processed foods from domestic producers either within the state or within 400 miles of the delivery destination. Gives preference to procurethe procurement of foods from small-size producers, medium-size producers, beginning farmers and ranchers, or veteran farmers and ranchers. Program funds may be used for procurement, technical assistance, distribution, and the expansion of economic opportunities for local producers, with specific allocations stated in the section. The program funds are to be awarded to organizations with experience in food distribution, including non-profitsnonprofits. Authorizes appropriations of $200 million annually through FY2031. (§4306(§4306)

Healthy Food Financing Initiative. Established initiative to improve access to healthy foods in underserved areas, create and preserve quality jobs, and revitalize low-income communities by providing loans and grants to eligible food retailers and enterprises. Funds provided are to help overcome the initial barriers to entry in underserved areas. Authorizes appropriations of $125 million, to remain available until expended. (7 U.S.C. §6953)

Healthy food financing initiative. Increases authorization of appropriations for the Initiativeinitiative from $125 million to $135 million. (§4307)

Establishment of dietary guidelines. Requires USDA and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to jointly publish a Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) report at least every five years, which must include information and guidelines based on the preponderance of current scientific and medical knowledge. The report must also include nutritional and dietary information specific to pregnant women and children up to age two. Since 1985, the DGA report has been informed by a scientific report published by an external federal advisory committee; this is not required in current statute. (7 U.S.C. §5341)

Dietary guidelinesguidelines. Revises the timeline for the DGA report to at least every 10 years, beginning with the 2030 report, and applies rulemaking requirements (in 5 U.S.C. §553) to the development of the report.

Expands the required scope and rigor of scientific evidence included in the DGA report. Requires the report to include information for individuals with nutrition-related chronic disease and recommendations that are affordable, available, and accessible to the general population, among other requirements.

Authorizes USDA and HHS to publish the report more frequently if thetheir Secretaries determine such action is necessary to support health and updated Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) values.

Should they plan to update the report, requires USDA and HHS to provide 90 days of notice and appropriate justification to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction,^a; the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions,; and the House Committee on Energy and Commerce.

Requires USDA and HHS to establish an Independent Advisory Board of experts in nutrition and food science tasked with raising high-priority questions to inform DGA development within the 90-day notice period (introduced above). Establishes membership totals, expertise, and duties; meeting requirements; and termination details for the Board.

Prohibits USDA and HHS from including topics deemed not relevant to dietary guidance (taxation, social welfare policies, and other specifications). Establishes a definition of evidence-based review.

Establishes financial disclosures and other reporting requirements for members of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee or the Independent Advisory Board.

Establishes the 2025 DGA report as current and controlling until publication of the next DGA report. (§4308)

Current Law/Policy

House-Passed H.R. 7567

Subtitle A—Farm Ownership Loans

Eligibility requirements. Establishes that to be eligible for direct or guaranteed farm ownership loans, applicants must be individuals or certain entities engaged primarily in farming or ranching, have majority ownership, have citizenship, have sufficient training and experience, operate a farm the size of a family farm as defined by USDA, and be unable to obtain credit elsewhere at reasonable terms. A special rule allows entities that are owner-operators to be eligible if individuals who own the farm own more than 50% of the entity. An embedded entity (an entity that is owned by other entities) may be eligible if 75% of each embedded entity is owned by individuals who own the farm. (7 U.S.C. §1922(a))

Persons eligible for real estate loans. Replaces "majority" with "at least 50 percent" for the eligibility of entities and individuals'entity and individual ownership interests. Replaces the special rules for entities to allow USDA to define qualified operators as entities that could be eligible. Changes the requirement that 75% of each embedded entity be owned by individuals who own the farm; allows more flexibility in ownership arrangements as long as 75% of the total interest in the entities is owned by qualified operators. (§5101)

Experience requirements. Requires three years of farming experience or other acceptable experience for direct loans. Allows certain alternatives to substitute for parts of the experience requirement. (7 U.S.C. §1922(b))

Experience requirements. Reduces the farming experience requirement to two years. Revises the list of alternatives for meeting the experience requirement by allowing "operational" responsibilities for hired farm labor and adding "other criteria established by the Secretary." (§5102)

Refinancing. Limits refinancing using USDA loans to certain direct and guaranteed operating loans and guaranteed farm ownership loans (excludes direct farm ownership loans). (7 U.S.C. §§1923, 1942)

Refinancing of indebtedness into direct loans. Adds a section for farm ownership loans in 7 U.S.C. §1923 that requires USDA to issue regulations within one year of enactment that allow refinancing of guaranteed loans into direct loans. Eligible loans must be determined by USDA to be in distress, in monetary default such that the lender has initiated liquidation or foreclosure, and have a reasonable chance of success. (§5103)

Conservation Loan Program. Authorizes USDA loans and loan guarantees for qualified conservation projects. Priority is given toPrioritizes beginning farmers or ranchers, conversion to organic or sustainable production, and practices for highly erodible land. Authorizes appropriations of $150 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1924; P.L. 119-37)

Conservation loan and loan guarantee program. Adds precision agriculture practices and technologies to the priority list. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§5104)

Limitations on farm ownership loans. Sets the maximum individual direct loan limit at $600,000. Sets the total guaranteed loan limit at $1.75 million, adjusted for inflation after FY2019 ($2.3 million in FY2026), reduced by the outstanding amount of guaranteed farm operating loans. (7 U.S.C. §1925(a)(2))

Limitations on amount of farm ownership loans. Increases the limit on direct farm ownership loans from $600,000 to $850,000. Increases the limit on guaranteed farm ownership loans to $3.5 million, adjusted for inflation after FY2026. (§5202 sets the limit on guaranteed operating loans at $3 million; having different limits on the two types of guaranteed loans may complicate implementation given that the limits are reduced by the amount of borrowing in the other type). (§5105)

Inflation adjustment. Adjusts the individual limit based on inflation using the USDA Prices Paid by Farmers Index. (7 U.S.C. §1925(c))

Inflation percentage. Changes the inflation adjustment to an index of values per acre of farm real estate, cropland, and pastureland, equally weighted, as measured by USDA. (§5106)

Farm Credit System (FCS) financing for essential rural community facilities. FCS is not authorized to lend for rural community facilities. (FCS may participate in loans to entities that are not eligible, but are functionally similar to eligible entities, for risk management purposes. This authority is subject to limits of 10% of capital limit and 50% of the loan.) (12 U.S.C. §2206a)

Authority of Farm Credit System institutions to provide financial support for essential rural community facilities projects. Expands the authority of FCS to lend for essential rural community facilities, as defined in USDA Rural Development. The total of such loans may not exceed 15% of an FCS institution's loans. FCS must offer loan participation opportunities to at least one other non-USDA lender, with priority for local rural community banks. Offers must be reported to the Farm Credit Administration (FCA). Requires annual reports to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction.^a (§5107)

Down Payment Loan Program. Authorizes USDA direct loans for down payment on farm real estate if the borrower provides a 5% down payment. The maximum loan amount is 45% of the purchase price or appraised value, up to $300,150 (45% of the $667,000 specified in statute). (7 U.S.C. §1935(b)(1))

Down payment loan program. Removes the $300,150 limit and makes the down payment loan subject to the overall limit on farm ownership loans in 7 U.S.C. §1925. (§5108)

Heirs' Property Relending Program. Authorizes loans to third-party entities to relend to individuals to resolve land title issues for heirs with inherited property. Authorizes appropriations of $10 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1936c; P.L. 119-37)

Heirs property. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels for the relending program through FY2031. (§5109(a))

Rural Development and Small Farm Research and Education. Authorizes a national program to develop knowledge for rural development, including technical assistance to families operating small farm. (7 U.S.C. §§2661-2669)

Prompt approval for loan guarantees and simplified application forms. Requires USDA to provide short application forms for farm loan guarantees that are below $125,000 and for business and industry guaranteed loans that are below $400,000 (or $600,000 if default risk is not increased). (7 U.S.C. §1983a(g))

Prompt approval of loans and loan guarantees. Increases the threshold for the short application forms from $125,000 to $1 million for farm loans. Sets a five-day decision window for USDA to notify USDA-preferred lenders of the decision. Makes the maximum guarantee on such loans 90% for loans up to $125,000, 75% for loans up to $500,000, and 50% for loans up to $1 million. Requires USDA to develop an expedited application process for business and industry loan guarantees up to $400,000 ($600,000 if default risk is not increased). (§5110)

Farmer loan pilot projects. Authorizes USDA to conduct limited pilot projects to evaluate processes that may improve efficiency and effectiveness. (7 U.S.C. §1983d)

Expedited approval pilot program. Requires USDA to create a pilot program for preapproval of direct and guaranteed farm ownership loans by Preferred Certified Lenders. Within one year of enactment, USDA is to report to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction^a on the results. Authority for the pilot program ends in FY2031. (§5111)

Subtitle B—Farm Operating Loans

Eligibility requirements. Establishes that to be eligible for direct or guaranteed farm operating loans, applicants must be individuals or certain entities engaged primarily in farming or ranching, have majority ownership, have citizenship, have sufficient training and experience, operate a farm the size of a family farm as defined by USDA, and be unable to obtain credit elsewhere at reasonable terms. A special rule allows embedded entities (entities that are owned by other entities) to be eligible if 75% of the embedded entity is owned by individuals who own and operate the farm. (7 U.S.C. §1941(a))

Persons eligible for operating loans. Replaces "majority" with "at least 50 percent" for the eligibility of entities and ownership interests. Adds a second part to the special rule that USDA may define qualified operators as entities that could be eligible. Changes the requirement that 75% of each embedded entity be owned by individuals; allows more flexibility in ownership arrangements as long as 75% of the total interest in the entitles is owned by qualified operators. (§5201)

Limitations on farm operating loans. Sets the maximum individual direct loan at $400,000. Sets the total limit on guaranteed loans at $1.75 million, adjusted for inflation after FY2019 ($2.3 million in FY2026), reduced by the outstanding amount of guaranteed farm ownership loans. (7 U.S.C. §1943(a)(1))

Limitations on amount of operating loans. Increases the limit on direct farm operating loans from $400,000 to $750,000. Increases the limit on guaranteed farm operating loans to $3 million, adjusted for inflation after FY2026. (§5105 sets the limit on guaranteed farm ownership loans at $3.5 million; having different limits on the two types of guaranteed loans may complicate implementation given that the limits are reduced by the amount of borrowing in the other type). (§5202)

Limitation on microloans. Limits microloans to $50,000; microloans have streamlined application and approval processes. (7 U.S.C. §1943(c)(2))

Limitation on microloan amounts. Increases the limit on microloans from $50,000 to $100,000. (§5203)

Cooperative lending pilot projects for microloans. Authorizes a pilot program through FY2026 for community development financial institutions to make or guarantee microloans and provide services to borrowers. (7 U.S.C. §1943(c)(4)(A); P.L. 119-37)

Cooperative lending pilot projects. Reauthorizes the pilot program through FY2031. (§5204)

Subtitle C—Emergency Loans

Eligibility requirements. Establishes that to be eligible for emergency loans, applicants must be individuals or certain entities engaged primarily in farming or ranching, have majority ownership, have citizenship, have sufficient training and experience, operate a farm the size of a family farm as defined by USDA, and be unable to obtain credit elsewhere at reasonable terms. Embedded entities (entities that are owned by other entities) may be eligible if 75% of the embedded entity is owned by individuals who own the farm. (7 U.S.C. §1961)

Persons eligible for emergency loans. Replaces "majority" with "at least 50 percent" for the eligibility of entities and ownership interests. Adds special rules for eligible entities that USDA may define qualified operators as entities that could be eligible. Changes the requirement that 75% of each embedded entity be owned by individuals; allows more flexibility in ownership arrangements as long as 75% of the total interest in the entitles is owned by qualified operators. (§5301)

Subtitle D—Administrative Provisions

Beginning Farmer and Rancher Individual Development Accounts Program. Authorizes a pilot program for beginning farmers and ranchers to contribute to savings accounts and receive matching contributions. Authorizes appropriations through FY2026. (The program has never received appropriations.) (7 U.S.C. §1983b(h); P.L. 119-37)

Beginning farmer and rancher individual development accounts pilot program. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§5401)

Loan authorization levels. Authorizes annual USDA farm loan-making levels of $10 billion per year through FY2026, including $3 billion for direct loans and $7 billion for guaranteed loans, each equally divided between farm ownership and farm operating loans. (7 U.S.C. §1994(b)(1); P.L. 119-37)

Loan authorization levels. Extends the loan authorization levels through FY2031. (§5402)

Set-aside for beginning farmers. Requires 50% of direct farm operating loan funds be reserved for beginning farmers for 11 months of each fiscal year through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1994(b)(2)(A)(ii)(III); P.L. 119-37)

Loan fund set-asides. Extends the set-aside through FY2031. (§5403)

Additional funds for microloans. Authorizes additional appropriations up to $5 million annually, if needed, for direct operating microloans through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1994(b)(5)(C); P.L. 119-37)

Use of additional funds for direct operating microloans under certain conditions. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§5404)

Subtitle E—Miscellaneous

Eligibility for credit. Authorizes Farm Credit Banks and Production Credit Associations to make loans to businesses furnishing farm-related services directly related to a farm's or ranch's on-farm operating needs (in addition to farmers, ranchers, producers, or harvesters of aquatic products, and owners of rural homes). (12 U.S.C. §§2017, 2019(c)(1), 2075(a))

Extension of credit to businesses providing services to producers or harvesters of aquatic products. Adds eligibility to business furnishing products or services to producers or harvesters of aquatic products that are directly related to the producer's or harvester's operating needs. (§5501)

Export finance authority. Limits the amount of loans to finance agricultural exports that are made by a bank for cooperatives to 50% of the bank's capital (CoBank, an entity of FCS, is the sole such bank). (12 U.S.C. §2128(b)(2)(A)(i))

Export finance authority. Changes the limit on CoBank's export financing to 15% of CoBank's total assets. (§5502)

Rural water and waste systems. Authorizes CoBank to make direct loans and guaranteed loans to cooperatives and public agencies for water and waste disposal facilities in rural areas, which are defined as areas not within a town greater than 20,000 people. (12 U.S.C. §2128(f))

Support for rural water and waste systems. Expands the definition of rural for CoBank rural water systems guaranteed loans to areas not within a town greater than 50,000 people or areas adjacent to such cities as defined in 7 U.S.C. §1991(a)(13)(A). (§5503)

No comparable provision.

Farm credit system regulation. Adds a section to the Farm Credit Act of 1971 stating that (a) FCA is the sole regulator of FCS; (b) the section does not limit the authority of the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation; and (c) a law or rule enacted after the farm bill shall not be considered to supersede the FCA's sole authority unless it does so expressly. (§5504)

Qualified loans. Defines qualified loans for Farmer Mac, which is a secondary market for agricultural loans, to include the portion of loans that are guaranteed by USDA under the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (ConAct). (12 U.S.C. §2279aa(7)(B))

Loan guarantees. Expands the Farmer Mac charter for accepting guaranteed loans to include the portion of loans guaranteed by the Rural Energy for America Program (7 U.S.C. §8107). (§5505)

Standards for qualified loans. Requires Farmer Mac, under the supervision of FCA, to establish standards for qualified loans that meet the quality standards of mortgage investors. (12 U.S.C. §2279aa-8(a)(3))

Standards for qualified loans. Replaces the term mortgage investors with investors in those types of loans to reflect private institutional investors. (See also §5508(t) regarding the paragraph heading.) (§5506)

Qualified loans. Sets an individual loan limit of $2.5 million starting in 1988, and adjusted for inflation thereafter ($17.4 million in 2025), for loans accepted by Farmer Mac. However, loansLoans secured by mortgages under 2,000 acres are not subject to the limit. (12 U.S.C. §2279aa-8(c)). . An internal Farmer Mac policy sets a limit for loans not subject to the statutory limit to 10% of Farmer Mac's Tier 1 capital ($171 million as of December 31, 2025). (Farmer Mac, 10-K Annual Report, February 19, 2026)

Standards for qualified loans. Strikes the individual loan limit, including the 2,000-acre exception, and replaces it with a cumulative loan limit per borrower of 10% of Farmer Mac's Tier 1 capital ($171 million as of December 31, 2025), except that the Farm Credit AdministrationFCA may establish a smaller limit if necessary for safe and sound operations. (§5506)

State agricultural loan mediation programs. Authorizes grants of up to $500,000 to states that operate agricultural loan mediation programs to resolve disputes. Authorizes appropriations annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §5101, 7 U.S.C. §5102, 7 U.S.C. §5106; P.L. 119-37)

State agricultural mediation programs. Adds a definition of state that includes any federally-recognized Indian Tribe. Increases the maximum grant amount from $500,000 to $700,000. Authorizes states to carry over up to 25% of unobligated amounts. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§5507)

County committees. The ConAct makes references to the involvement of county committees in the process of making and guaranteeing USDA farm loans, such as for prompt approval (7 U.S.C. §1983a(a)(2)(B)(vi)), conflicts of interest (7 U.S.C. §1986), certification of loan guarantees (7 U.S.C. §1989), and requirements for borrower training. (7 U.S.C. §2006a(c)(1))

Technical corrections. Eliminates outdated references to county committees for processes in which they are no longer involved. (§5508(a))

Loan assessments. Requires USDA direct farm loans to be reviewed annually and guaranteed loans to be reviewed periodically to assess the progress in meeting the goals of the farm or ranch. (7 U.S.C. §2006b(d)(1))

Technical corrections. Revises the assessment interval for direct loans so they will be reviewed periodically as determined by USDA. (§5508(b))

Outdated agency names. Numerous sections in the ConAct refer to the Farmers Home Administration, Rural Development Agency, Rural Development Administration, and Rural Electrification Administration. (7 U.S.C. §§1928, 1929, 1981, 1981a, 1983a, 1985, 1988, 1995, 1997, 2001a, 2004, 2006c, 2008e)

Technical corrections. Amends provisions to replace outdated names with Farm Service Agency, Rural Development, or Rural Utilities Service. (§5508(c))

Sale of acquired property. For farm property acquired by USDA during loan servicing (such as through foreclosure), sets the interval for USDA to advertise the property to 15 days and for sale to occur not later than 135 days after acquisition. (7 U.S.C. §1985(c)(1))

Technical corrections. Extends the interval to 60 days for USDA to advertise property and not later than 180 days after acquisition for sale to occur. (§5508(d))

Inventory property disposition. Sets terms for USDA to dispose of loan inventory property. (7 U.S.C. §§1981(b)(1), 1985(f))

Technical corrections. Strikes outdated language pertaining to the 1970s and 1980s about contracting for inventory disposal and resolving security interests. (§5508(e))

District offices. The ConAct refers to "District Offices." (7 U.S.C. §1983a(a)(2)(B))

Technical corrections. Replaces references to "District Office" with "District Director." (§5508(f))

Definition of United States and state. Includes the states, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. (7 U.S.C. §1991(a)(6))

Technical corrections. Corrects an outdated reference to the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands by specifying "Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Palau, and the Republic of the Marshall Islands." (§5508(g))

Definition of farmer program loan. The definition includes farm ownership loans, farm operating loans, soil and water loans, and emergency loans. (7 U.S.C. §1991(a)(10))

Technical corrections. Adds conservation loans to the list of loan programs after 2008 and adds a sunset date for soil and water loans before 2008. (§5508(h))

Definition of qualified beginning farmer or rancher. Sets criteria for being considered a beginning farmer to those farmers operating less than 10 years, to business entities with certain organizationorganizational structures, and for material participation in the operation of the farms, among other criteria. (7 U.S.C. §1991(a)(11)(C))

Technical corrections. Removes wording that requires entities have individuals who are related "by blood or marriage" and replaces it with "qualified beginning farmers." (§5508(i))

Purpose of loans. Includes references to specific conservation loan practices. (7 U.S.C. §§1923(a)(1)(D) and (2)(D), 1934)

Technical corrections. Updates provisions to more generally refer to conservation practices, rather than referencing a list of specific practices. (§5508(j))

Debt restructuring and loan servicing. Requires using registered or certified mail for notices of ineligibility. (7 U.S.C. §2001(i)(1))

Technical corrections. Authorizes any method of notification that provides documentation of delivery. (§5508(k))

Water and waste facility loans and grants. Requires USDA to use the Soil Conservation Service in providing technical assistance to applicants. (7 U.S.C. §1926(a)(13))

Technical corrections. Updates the agency reference to the Natural Resources Conservation Service. (§5508(l))

Interest rates. Sets the range for interest rates for direct loans in the low-income farm ownership loan program to be not less than 5% and not more than one-half of the yield on five-year TreasuriesTreasury notes, plus up to 1% (7 U.S.C. §1927(a)(3)(B)). The same range is allowed for microloans for veteran farmers or beginning farmers and ranchers, and for other direct operating loans to low-income limited resource borrowers. (7 U.S.C. §1946(a)(2))

Technical corrections. Sets a maximum interest rate of 5%; that is, for the same referenced programs, sets the interest rate to be the rate for direct farm ownership loans, but not to exceed 5%. (§5508(m))

Reference to down payment loans. A section with the heading "Beginning farmer loans" provides a 95% loan guarantee to beginning, socially disadvantaged, and veteran farmers and ranchers. (7 U.S.C. §1929(h)(6))

Technical corrections. To make the heading consistent, strikes "Beginning farmer loans" and inserts "Down payment loan program participant." (§5508(n))

Private reserve for family living expenses. Permits up to the smaller of 10% or $5,000 of an operating loan to be reserved for family living expenses. (7 U.S.C. §1942(d))

Technical corrections. Eliminates specific authority for a private reserve account. (Family living expenses are allowed in the general purposes of loans in 7 U.S.C. §1942(a)). (§5508(o))

Graduation of borrowers to private credit. Requires USDA to have a plan to help borrowers develop their borrowing capacity so as not to need USDA loans and to be able to obtain commercial credit. (7 U.S.C. §1949)

Technical corrections. Eliminates references to loan guarantees in the graduation requirement, since guaranteed loans no longer have term limits in other farm loan provisions. (§5508(p))

Long-term cost projection, low-income limited resource requirement. Requires USDA to develop three-year projections of the loans beginning in 1983. Requires 25% of loans be for low-income limited resource borrowers and that USDA inform borrowers of such provisions. (7 U.S.C. §§1994(c) and (d))

Technical corrections. Eliminates the requirement for cost projections. Eliminates the set-aside for low-income limited resource borrowers; such priorities are expressed in other provisions. (§5508(q))

Appeals. Provides an appeal process for homestead protection (7 U.S.C. §2000(c)(3)) and for debt restructuring (7 U.S.C. §2001(h) and (j))

Technical corrections. Deletes an obsolete reference to a repealed appeals provision and inserts updated references. (§5508(r))

Farmer loan pilot projects. Requires that loan pilot projects be consistent with subchapter A (real estate loans). (7 U.S.C. §1983d(a))

Technical corrections. Eliminates subchapter A from the requirement. (§5508(s))

Standards for qualified loans; mortgage loans. Directs Farmer Mac to establish standards for qualified loans. (12 U.S.C. §2279aa–8(a)(3))

Technical corrections. Changes the heading from "Mortgage loans" to "Loan quality." (§5508(t))

No comparable provision.

Reporting on improving creditworthiness of direct and guaranteed loan borrowers. Requires USDA to provide a report to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction,^a within one year of enactment, evaluatingthat evaluates the feasibility of requiring adoption of risk management practices as a condition for approving direct and guaranteed farm operating loans. The goal is to improve the creditworthiness of borrowers. (§55095509)

Examinations of FCS institutions. Requires the Farm Credit AdministrationFCA to examine FCS institutions at least once every 18 months. (12 U.S.C. §2254(a))

Farm Credit Administration option to examine low-risk Farm Credit System institutions on a 24-month cycle. Authorizes the Farm Credit AdministrationFCA discretion to extend by 6 months (to 24 months) the time period between mandatory examinations for small, low-risk institutions. (§55105510)

Current Law/Policy

House-Passed H.R. 7567

Subtitle A—Improving Health Outcomes in Rural America

Combating substance use disorder in rural America; prioritizations. Prioritizes funding for substance use disorder projects for the Distance Learning and Telemedicine Program, Community Facilities Direct Loan and Grant Program, and Rural Health and Safety Education Programscertain rural health and safety education programs through FY2025. (P.L. 115-334, §6101(a))

Prioritizations for distance learning and telemedicine and community facilities program. Expands prioritization to projects beyond substance use disorder projects to also include projects that address mental health, behavioral health, and maternal health services. Extends prioritization for substance use disorder and thethose additional areas through FY2027. Prioritizes funding for rural health facilities offering substance use disorder and additional service areas. (§6101)

Telemedicine and distance learning in rural areas. Authorizes USDA to provide grants to expand distance learning and telemedicine in rural areas. Authorizes appropriations of $82 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §950aaa-5; P.L. 119-37)

Distance learning and telemedicine loans and grants. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. Makes those appropriations available for two fiscal years after the fiscal year when funding is appropriated. (§6102)

Subtitle B—Connecting Rural Americans to High Speed Broadband

Access to broadband telecommunications services in rural areas. Authorizes USDA to provide loans and loan guarantees to help deploy broadband in rural areas. As of April 10, 2026, Congress has not appropriated funding for grants. USDA established the Rural Broadband Program. The program prioritizes funding for projects that meet certain conditions. For example, funding is prioritized for unserved rural communities without broadband service at 10 Megabits download, 1 Megabit upload (10/1 Mbps). Eligible service areas are areas where at least 50% of the households do not have broadband at speeds of at least 25/3 Mbps.

Authorizes USDA to use between 3% and 5% of program funding in a fiscal year for technical assistance and training, loan guarantees, and loan-grant combinations through the Rural Broadband Program. Allows projects to deliver broadband through any type of technology that meets the minimum broadband buildout speed. Authorizes appropriations of $350 million annually through FY2026. Terminates authority for the program on September 30, 2026. (7 U.S.C. §950bb; P.L. 119-37)

Authorizes USDA, through appropriations, to establish a new broadband loan and grantbroadband pilot program (later called the ReConnect Program) under the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 and provided initial funding through P.L. 115-141. The program issues grants, loans, and loan-grant combinations. The program requires projects to deliver broadband through fixed terrestrial broadband technology (i.e., fiber technology). Subsequent funding and authority for the program was provided through annual appropriations acts. (P.L. 115-141, §779, 89 Federal Register 13035, February 21, 2024)

Rural broadband program loans and grants. Amends the authority for the Rural Broadband Program and renames it the ReConnect Rural Broadband Program. Amends, adds, and deletes some of the funding priorities for the program. For example, it amends the priority for unserved rural communities to increase the minimum broadband level to 25/3 Mbps.

Extends authorization of appropriations at current levels through FY2031. Extends termination of the authority for the program through September 30, 2031. Sunsets the ReConnect Pilot Program 270 days after enactment. Transfers any unobligated funding from the ReConnect Program to the ReConnect Rural Broadband Program. Authorizes 1% of the funds to be used for that transition (e.g., the transition from the ReConnect Program to the ReConnect Rural Broadband Program). (§6201)

Expansion of middle mile infrastructure into rural areas. Authorizes USDA to make grants, loans, and loan guarantees for the construction, improvement, or acquisition of middle mile infrastructure in rural areas. Authorizes appropriations of $10 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §950bb-1(g); P.L. 119-37)

Expansion of middle mile infrastructure into rural areas. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§6202)

Innovative Broadband Enhancement Program. Authorizes USDA to establish the Innovative Broadband Enhancement Program to make grants, loans, and loan-grant combinations for projects that decrease the cost of broadband deployment and increase broadband speeds in rural areas. Authorizes appropriations of $10 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §950bb-2; P.L. 119-37)

Innovative broadband advancement program. Establishes program guidelines for terrestrial and satellite projects. Authorizes grants and loans for terrestrial broadband projects that decrease the cost of broadband deployment and increase broadband speeds in rural areas. Authorizes grants for satellite broadband projects that reduce or eliminate costs associated with the purchase or installation of satellite broadband equipment for consumers living in remote areas. Requires an annual report to agriculture committees of jurisdiction^a evaluatingwith an evaluation of the program. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§6203)

Community Connect Grant Program. Authorizes USDA to provide grants to help deploy broadband to economically distressed communities. Sets eligible service areas to areas where 100% of the households are without broadband service at speeds of at least 10/1 Mbps. Requires USDA to set the broadband speed required for the projects to provide to the proposed service areas. That speed cannot be less than the minimum broadband speed established by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for "advanced telecommunications capability." The FCC has set the broadband speed to be 100/20 Mbps. Authorizes appropriations of $50 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §950bb-3; P.L. 119-37)

Community connect grants. Amends eligible service areaareas to be areas where households do not have broadband at speeds of at least 25/3 Mbps. Removes the requirement that the broadband buildout speed be at least at the minimum broadband speed established by the FCC for "advanced telecommunications capability." Instead, the buildout speed is set for at least five times the minimum broadband speed (i.e., 250/125 Mbps). Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§6204)

No comparable provision.

Rate regulation. Prohibits USDA from regulating rates charged for broadband service. (§6205)

Public notice, assessment, and reporting requirements. Requires USDA to make publicly available a database of applications submitted for projects currently receiving funding through or seeking funding from USDA broadband programs. Requires USDA to take certain steps to confirm the proposed service areas in USDA broadband program applications are eligible to receive funding. Steps include giving existing service providers the opportunity to voluntarily submit information on the locations they are currently serving with broadband. Requires USDA to consult with FCC and National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), and obtain data from those agencies, on the level of broadband service available for those areas. (7 U.S.C. §950cc)

Public notice, assessments, technical assistance, and reporting requirements. Renames the section heading to "Public notice, assessment, technical assistance, and reporting requirements."Adds 'technical assistance' to the section title. Expands the requirements for USDA to confirm the eligibility of proposed service areas by also requiring USDA to validate the information submitted by service providers on the locations they are currently serving with broadband. Removes the requirement that USDA consult with, and obtain data from, the FCC and NTIA. Requires USDA to consult the FCC National Broadband Map to confirm eligibility of proposed service areas.

Establishes the Broadband Technical Assistance Program to make grants to eligible entities for the purpose of delivering technical assistance and training to rural communities to improve access to USDA broadband programs. Also authorizesAuthorizes USDA to make grants to eligible entities for the purpose of collecting broadband service data. USDA is to use thisthese data in a variety of ways, including establishingto establish the availability of broadband in rural areas, determiningdetermine eligible service areas for USDA broadband programs, and collectingcollect data to submit a challenge to the FCC National Broadband Map. (§6206)

No comparable provision.

Limitation on overbuilding. Prohibits USDA from funding applications for USDA broadband programs if an applicant has received federal or state funding to provide broadband service to the proposed service area within the last five years at speeds of at least 100/20 Mbps. (§6207)

Subtitle C—Miscellaneous

Rural Energy Savings Program. Authorizes USDA to provide loans to rural utilities and other entities who then provide loans to qualified homeowners and small businesses to implement energy efficiency measures. Eligible entities are public power districts, public utility districts, electric cooperatives, and entities primarily owned or controlled by one of those types of entities that meet certain conditions. These entities must have borrowed and repaid, prepaid, or are currently paying an electric loan made or guaranteed by the USDA Rural Utilities Service (RUS). Other RUS borrowers are also eligible. Authorizes appropriations of $75 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §8107a; P.L. 119-37)

Rural energy savings program [RESP]. In addition to the other eligibility requirements for participating in RESP, H.R. 7567 requires public power districts, public utility districts, and electric cooperatives to continue serving rural areas. Eligible entities are expanded to include federally recognized tribesTribes and public, quasi-public, and nonprofit entities. Defines the types of energy efficiency measures authorized through the program. Eligible activities include structural improvements and replacingreplacement of a manufactured home or large appliance.

Prioritizes loans for eligible entities with service areas where at least 80% of their customers reside in rural areas. Authorizes USDA to issue grants, in addition to loans, through the program. Authorizes USDA to make grants to eligible entities for a portion of the costs to make repairs to properties for energy efficiency measures or to provide technical assistance, outreach, and training. Sets the maximum grant to be 5% of the amount of the loan issued to the eligible entity. Allows for a maximum grant to be 10% of the amount of the loan issued to the eligible entity if the rural community being served is a persistent poverty county. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§6301)

No comparable provision.

Promoting precision agriculture. Requires USDA to develop "voluntary, consensus-based, private sector-led interconnectivity standards, guidelines, and best practices" for precision agriculture in consultation with the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the FCC. Requires a Government Accountability Office report to certain authorizing committees assessingthat assesses the standards one year after thetheir development of the standards and every two years thereafter. (§6302)

No comparable provision.

Food supply chain guaranteed loans. Authorizes a new USDA program to make guaranteed loans for startup or expansion projects that increase the capacity of the U.S. food supply chain to aggregate, process, manufacture, store, transport, wholesale, or distribute food, agricultural products, or agricultural inputs. Caps the maximum loan at $40 million. Requires USDA to submit quarterly reports to Congress evaluatingthat evaluate the outcomes of the assistance, and include a description of any debt recovery made with respect to the loan guarantees issued through the program, and recommendations regarding implementation of the program. (§6303)

No comparable provision.

New, mobile, and expanded meat processing and rendering grants. Authorizes USDA to make grants to enhance meat processing and rendering capacities. Sets the maximum grant amount at $500,000 for a term of up to three years. Grants of $100,000 or less can cover 90% of the project costs. Grants of more than $100,000 can cover 75% of the project costs. Prioritizes grants for small establishments (10 to -500 employees) or very small establishments (fewer than 10 employees or annual sales of less than $2.5 million). Definitions for these terms come from the final rule for the Pathogen Reduction; Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Systems (61 Federal Register 38806, July 25, 1996). These definitions would be subject to any revisions of the rule.

Requires USDA to submit quarterly reports to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction^a evaluatingthat evaluate the outcomes of the assistance, and whether recipients had adequate financial capacity to carry out the activities, and and provide recommendations for the future, among other items. Authorizes appropriations of $3 million annually through FY2031. (§6304)

No comparable provision.

Expanding Childcare in Rural America Initiative. Establishes the "Expanding Childcare in Rural America Initiative." The Initiativeinitiative prioritizes funding for rural child care projects through FY2029 for the following programs: the Community Facilities Loan and Grant Program, Business and Industry Loan Guarantee Program, Rural Microentrepreneur Assistance Program, and Intermediary Relending Program. Head Start, an early childhood education program of the Department of Health and Human Services, is an eligible applicant for the program. Requires a USDA report to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction^a evaluatingthat evaluates the effectiveness of the initiative within four years of the date of enactment. (§6305)

No comparable provision.

Technical assistance for geographically underserved and distressed areas. Requires USDA, directly or through a cooperative agreement, to provide technical assistance to help local partners in geographically underserved and distressed areas gain better access to USDA Rural Development (RD) programs. Local partners include local governments, cooperatives, businesses, and community anchor institutions (such as public libraries, health care facilities, and secondary schools). Requires an annual USDA report to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction^a and thea public evaluatingevaluation of how the technical assistance has helped the targeted areas. (§6306)

No comparable provision.

Establishment of the Rural Development Innovation Center. Establishes the center to review the processes for administering USDA RD programs and identifying redundancies and inefficiencies. Directs the center to develop a modernization plan that provides strategies to increase the efficiency, transparency, and transparency of and access to RD programs. Requires an annual USDA report to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction^a on the impact of the center. (§6307)

Rural Health Liaison. Establishes the position of Rural Health Liaison at USDA and requires the position to coordinate rural health-related activities across USDA agencies involving rural health, as well asand to liaise with other federal agencies on rural health issues. (7 U.S.C. §6946)

Rural Health Liaison report. Expands the duties of the Rural Health Liaison to also coordinate with the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) to implement the Farm and Ranch Stress Assistance Network. Requires an annual USDA report to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction^a on the activities completed by the liaison. (§6308)

Subtitle D—Additional Amendments to the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act

Revolving funds for financing water and wastewater projects. Authorizes USDA to provide grants to eligible entities to set up revolving loan funds to fund predevelopment costs and small capital projects. Authorizes appropriations of $15 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1926(a)(2)(B); P.L. 119-37)

Water, waste disposal, and wastewater facility grants. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§6401)

Rural Water and Wastewater Circuit Rider Program. Authorizes USDA to establish a national program to provide technical assistance to water and waste disposal systems in rural areas. Authorizes USDA to conduct activities through the national program that are consistent with activities the program conducted before February 7, 2014 (as determined by USDA). Program funding is provided through the USDA Rural Utilities Service. Authorizes appropriations of $25 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1926(a)(22); P.L. 119-37)

Rural water and wastewater circuit rider program. Authorizes the USDA to continue a national rural water and wastewater circuit rider program that is consistent with the activities and results that occurred before the enactment date of the law. Expands USDA's authority to also provide disaster and recovery assistance through the program. USDA is to provide grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements to qualified nonprofit organizations to deliver technical assistance to water and wastewater utilities. Technical assistance can include board training, regulatory compliance, and implementation of cybersecurity plans, procedures, and technologies.

Eligible service areas for technical assistance are areas with 10,000 or fewer people. Eligible service areas for disaster and recovery assistance are areas with 50,000 or fewer people. Allows up to 5% of each award to be used to purchase or reimburse the rental costs of emergency equipment. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. Authorizes the program to continue during a lapse of appropriations by using unobligated funds in the Rural Water and Waste Disposal Program account. (§6402)

No comparable provision.

Zero and low interest loans for distressed water systems. Authorizes USDA to modify or waive some of the requirements for certain USDA water and waste disposal programs for applicants serving distressed communities. Allows USDA to make 0% or 1% interest loans, forgive the principal or interest or modify terms of new or existing loans, or waive any required fees for eligible rural communities.

Eligible entities must be considered rural, as defined by the USDA water and waste disposal programs. Eligible entities must be experiencing financial hardship (as defined by USDA) or located in a certain type of area. The types of areas include socially disadvantaged communities, persistent poverty counties, colonia, and distressed tribal areas. ColoniaColonia are certain communities along the United States'U.S. southern border. USDA is to define each of the preceding types of areas. An eligible entity may designate a water and wastewater utility provider to apply for a loan on behalf of the eligible entity. (§6403)

Tribal college and university essential community facilities. Authorizes USDA to provide grants to tribal colleges and universities for community facility projects. Authorizes appropriations of $10 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1926(a)(25)(C); P.L. 119-37)

Tribal college and university essential community facilities. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§6404)

Emergency and Imminent Community Water Assistance Grant Program. Authorizes USDA to provide grants to help rural and small communities ensure they have adequate, safe drinking water. Authorizes appropriations of $50 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1926a(i)(2); P.L. 119-37)

Emergency and imminent community water assistance grant program. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§6405)

Water systems for rural and Native villages in Alaska. Authorizes USDA to provide grants to the State of Alaska, Native villages, and a consortium meeting certain qualifications for Native village water projects. Authorizes appropriations of $30 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1926d(d)(1); P.L. 119-37)

Water systems for rural and native villages in Alaska. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§6406)

Rural decentralized water systems. Authorizes USDA to provide grants to nonprofit organizations so that they can provide loans and subgrants to eligible individuals to construct, refurbish, and service household water well systems and septic systems. Defines an eligible individual as a member of a household, where the members have a combined income that is not more than 60% of the median nonmetropolitan household income of the state or territory where the individual lives. Sets the maximum award at $15,000 per household. Authorizes appropriations of $20 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1926e; P.L. 119-37)

Rural decentralized water systems. Amends the definition of eligible individual to increase the income threshold for an eligible individual to 80% of the median nonmetropolitan household income. Allows funding to be used for water quality testing for individual water wells and technical assistance to help eligible individuals install or replace household water systems, interpret water test results, and address groundwater contamination. Increases maximum award to $20,000 per household. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§6407)

Loans to private business enterprises. Authorizes USDA to make loans, insure loans, and guarantee loans for projects that support rural businesses and communities, including projects that improve the economic and environmental climate, aquaculture projects, and projects that develop renewable energy systems. USDA carries out these authorities through various loan and loan guarantee programs. (7 U.S.C. §1932(a))

Assistance to rural entities. Expands USDA's authority to make loans, insure loans, and guarantee loans for projects that expand the adoption of precision agriculture practices in addition to projects that support rural businesses and communities. (§6408)

Solid waste management grants. Authorizes USDA to provide grants to nonprofit organizations to provide technical assistance to local governments, regional governments, and related agencies to help reduce or eliminate water pollution and manage solid waste disposal facilities. Authorizes appropriations of $10 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1932(b); P.L. 119-37)

Solid waste management grants. Adds Indian tribesTribes as one of the entities to which nonprofit organizations can provide technical assistance. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§6409)

Rural business development grants. Authorizes USDA to provide grants to eligible entities for business opportunity projects, including establishingestablishment of new businesses and conducting planning and coordination of economic development efforts. Authorizes appropriations of $65 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1932(c)(4)(A); P.L. 119-37)

Rural business development grants. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§6410)

Rural cooperative development grants. Authorizes USDA to provide one-year grants to eligible nonprofit organizations to establish centers for rural cooperative development. Allows USDA to award grants of up to three years if the applicant has successfully met the requirements of the program. Prioritizes funding for applicants that commit to providing technical assistance to underserved and economically distressed areas in rural areas. Establishes an interagency working group to foster cooperative development. Authorizes appropriations of $40 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1932(e); P.L. 119-37)

Rural cooperative development grants. Replaces the priority for "underserved and economically distressed areas in rural areas of the United States" with "socially vulnerable, underserved, or distressed communities." Prioritizes funding for applicants that provide at least a 25% match. Allows award renewals for qualified nonprofit institutions. Requires the interagency working group to submit an annual report to Congress describingthat describes its completed activities. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§6411)

Special conditions and limitations on loans. Provides financial requirements for loans made or insured under the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (P.L. 87-128), which include certain farm loans and rural development loans. (7 U.S.C. §1983)

Lender fees in guaranteed loan programs. Sets the maximum amount of the initial guarantee fee to 3% of the guaranteed principal portion of the loan, and sets the maximum amount of the periodic retention fee to 0.75% of the outstanding principal of the guaranteed loan. Requires USDA to publicly disclose 30 days in advance the factors used to determine the new fee rates. (§6412)

Reservation of funds for locally or regionally produced agriculture products. Requires USDA to reserve at least 5% of the funds appropriated for the Business and Industry Loan Guarantee Program in a fiscal year to be used to support locally or regionally produced agricultural food products. The reservation is to be applied until FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1932(g)(9)(B)(iv)(I); P.L. 119-37)

Locally or regionally produced agricultural food products. Extends the reservation of 5% of the funds for the Business and Industry Loan Guarantee Program through FY2031. (§6413)

Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas Program. Authorizes USDA to provide a cooperative agreement or grant to an eligible entity to establish the Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas Program. The program is to assist agricultural producers seeking information on reducing input costs, conserving energy resources, diversifying operations, and expanding their markets. Authorizes appropriations of $5 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1932(i); P.L. 119-37)

AppropriatedAppropriate technology transfer for rural areas program. Expands the purpose of the program to include training of veterans who are, or are actively trying to become, agricultural producers. Reserves $1.5 million of the $5.0 million authorized to be appropriated to the training of veterans. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§6414)

Rural Economic Area Partnership Zones. Authorizes USDA to carry out Rural Economic Area Partnership Zones, as guided by memoranda of agreement, through September 30, 2026. USDA RD helps areas designated as Rural Economic Area Partnership Zones to access RD programs. (7 U.S.C. §1932(j); P.L. 119-37)

Rural economic area partnership zones. Extends authority through September 30, 2031. (§6415)

Intermediary Relending Program. Authorizes USDA to provide loans to eligible entities so the entities can relend to qualified borrowers for projects that promote community development, establish new businesses, and other activities in rural areas. Authorizes appropriations of $25 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §1936b(i); P.L. 119-37)

Intermediary relending program. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§6416)

Refinancing of certain rural hospital debt. Authorizes rural hospitals to use funds from loans and loan guarantees issued through certain USDA RD programs to refinance debt. The aim of the debt refinancing is to keep the health services in a rural community available, improve the economic viability of the hospital, or meet financial and security requirements of USDA Rural DevelopmentRD programs. (7 U.S.C. §1990a)

Rural health care facility assistance. Specifies and expands the types of rural health care facilities whichthat are authorized to refinance debt. Eligible facilities include psychiatric hospitals, critical access care hospitals, religious nonmedical health care institutions, and community health centers. Requires USDA to provide assistance to the facility to ensure the facility's long-term sustainability and financial viability of the facility. Requires applicants to receive financial planning assistance and prepare a long-term financial plan. Establishes the Rural Health Care Facility Technical Assistance Program to provide technical assistance and training to eligible health care facilities to help improve their long-term financial position and prevent closure. Requires an annual USDA report to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction^a on the progress and results of that program. For the program, authorizes appropriations of $2 million annually through FY2031. (§6417)

Prohibition on use of loans for certain purposes. Prohibits many of the USDA farm loans and RD loans from being made for certain activities involving wetlands, including projects that "drain, dredge, fill, level, or otherwise manipulate a wetland" or engage in actions that result in "impairing or reducing the flow, circulation, or reach of water."
(7 U.S.C. §2006e)

Prohibition on use of loan or grant for certain purposes. Amends prohibition to include grants, in addition to loans. It excludesExcludes from the prohibition (1) loans and loan guarantees for utility line projects, and (2) certain loans and loan guarantees for a project in which the applicant has obtained or is required to obtain a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for activities related to the waters of the United States. (§6418)

Rural Business-Cooperative Service programs technical assistance and training. Authorizes USDA to provide grants to eligible entities to provide or obtain technical assistance and training to support of submitting of applications for Rural Business-Cooperative programs. Authorizes appropriations of $5 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §2008c(d)(1); P.L. 119-37)

Rural Business-Cooperative Service programs technical assistance and training. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§6419)

National Rural Development Partnership. Authorizes USDA to establish the National Rural Development Partnership to empower and build the capacity of the states and rural communities to design responses to their own rural development needs. Authorizes appropriations of $10 million annually through FY2026. Terminates the Partnershippartnership on September 30, 2026. (7 U.S.C. §2008m; P.L. 119-37)

National Rural Development Partnership. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. Extends the Partnershippartnership through September 30, 2031. (§6420)

Grants for National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) weather radio transmitters. Authorizes the Rural Utilities ServiceUSDA RUS to provide grants to eligible entities for the federal share of the cost to acquire radio transmitters to increase coverage for the NOAA all hazards weather radio broadbandbroadcast system in rural areas. Authorizes appropriations of $1 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §2008p(d); P.L. 119-37)

Grants for NOAA weather radio transmitters. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§6421)

Rural Microentrepreneur Assistance Program. Authorizes USDA to provide loans and grants to Microenterprise Development Organizations that help microenterprises get started and grow. Sets the maximum microloan to $50,000 for each rural microenterprise. Allows federal funds to pay for up to 75% of the total project costs. Requires Microenterprise Development Organizations receiving grants to match at least 15% of the total amount of the grant in the form of matching funds, indirect costs, or in-kind goods or services. Authorizes appropriations of $20 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §2008s; P.L. 119-37)

Rural microentrepreneur assistance program. Increases the maximum microloan to $75,000. Increases the amount of federal funds allowed for a project to be up to 100% of the total project costs. Limits the amount of loan funds that can be used for renovation, construction, or other real estate improvements. Reduces the required match to 5% for Microenterprise Development Organizations serving persistent poverty counties. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§6422)

Health care services. Authorizes USDA to provide grants to projects that address certain unmet health needs in the Delta regionRegion through the development of health care services, educational programs, job training programs, and facilities. The Delta Region includes 255 counties and parishes in parts of Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee. Authorizes appropriations of $3 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §2008u(e); P.L. 119-37)

Health care services. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§6423)

Strategic economic and community development. Requires USDA to reserve 15% of funding for certain USDA RD programs for applicants with rural projects who have completed strategic community investment plans. Authorizes appropriations of $5 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §2008v(d)(4); P.L. 119-37)

Strategic economic and community development. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§6424)

Rural Innovation Stronger Economy Grant Program. Authorizes USDA to provide grants to eligible entities to establish job accelerators, high-wage jobs, and other economic development projects in rural areas. Eligible applicants are rural job accelerator partnerships with a lead applicant that is a district organization, Indian tribeTribe, a state or political subdivision of the state, institution of higher education, or nonprofit organization. Requires USDA to provide grants to projects in at least 25 states to the extent possible. Authorizes appropriations of $10 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §2008w; P.L. 119-37)

Rural innovation stronger economy grant program. Expands the types of institutions of higher education which are eligible for the program to include career and technical education schools. Authorizes USDA to issue grants for career pathway training programs and industry or sector partnerships. Amends the regional requirement for grant distribution to instead require USDA to ensure regional diversity among the recipients of the grants or the participants. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§6425)

Financial institution investments. Authorizes qualified banks, associations, and institutions to establish and invest in USDA-certified Rural Business Investment Companies (RBICs). The entities must have deposits insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Act or be Farm Credit System institutions. Prohibits RBICs from investing in companies that are not eligible to receive Farm Credit institution loans if one or more Farm Credit institutions holds more than 50% of the shares of the RBIC. (7 U.S.C. §2009cc-9(c))

Limitation on rural business investment companies controlled by Farm Credit System institutions. Amends the prohibition for RBICs from investing in certain companies if Farm Credit institutions hold a certain amount of the RBIC shares. Raises the prohibition threshold to 75% of the shares of an RBIC. (§6426)

Rural Business Investment Program. Authorizes certain qualified banks, associations, and institutions to enter into participation agreements with Rural Business Investment Companies (RBICs)RBICs, guarantee debentures to the RBICs, and make grants to these RBICs. Authorizes appropriations of $20 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §§2009cc et seq.; P.L. 119-37)

Rural business investment program. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§6427)

Rural and rural area definitions. Defines rural andand rural areas for the purposes of determining eligible rural areas for selected USDA RD programs. The definition of rural includes the term "urbanized," as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. (7 U.S.C. §1991(a)(13); 7 U.S.C. §2009cc-8(c)(4)(C))

Technical corrections. Replaces "urbanized" with "urban," as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, in the rural definitions used across selected USDA RD programs. (§6428)

Rural water and wastewater technical assistance and training programs. Authorizes USDA to provide grants to qualified nonprofit organizations that provide technical assistance to rural communities to address water and waste disposal issues. (7 U.S.C. §1926(a)(14))

Rural water and wastewater technical assistance and training programs. Authorizes USDA to also provide grants for disaster and recovery assistance. (§6429)

Subtitle E—Additional Amendments to the Rural Electrification Act of 1936

Guarantees for bonds and notes issued for electrification or telephone purposes. Authorizes USDA to guarantee payments on certain bonds or notes issued by qualified cooperative or other nonprofit lenders. The note proceeds are used to finance utilities infrastructure projects. Terminates authority on September 30, 2026. (7 U.S.C. §940c-1(f); P.L. 119-37)

Guarantees for bonds and notes issued for utility infrastructure purposes. Extends authority through September 30, 2031 (i.e., FY2031). (§6501)

Rural development loans and grants. Authorizes USDA to provide loans and grants to support job creation or job retention projects in rural areas. Authorizes appropriations of not more than $10 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §940c-2; P.L. 119-37)

Extension of the rural economic development loan and grant program. Prohibits USDA from requiring a letter of credit or similar guarantee from loan borrowers if the borrower assigns USDA a security interest in the collateral used to secure the loan. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§6502)

Expansion of 911 access. Authorizes USDA to make loans using any funds made available for telephone loans issued through the Telecommunications Infrastructure Program through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §940e(d); P.L. 119-37)

Expansion of 911 access. Extends authority through FY2031. (§6503)

Current Law/Policy

House-Passed H.R. 7567

Subtitle A—National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977

National advisory board. Establishes the National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board. The termination date is September 30, 2023. (7 U.S.C. §3123)

National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board. Amends the membership of the board by adding one more member and by including one member representing industry, consumer, or rural interests of insular areas. Changes the termination date to September 30, 2031. (§7101)

Specialty crop committee. The Specialty Crop Competitiveness Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-465) establishes a specialty crop committee to inform the advisory board on research needs. The termination date is September 30, 2023. (7 U.S.C. §3123a)

Specialty crop committee. Changes the termination date from September 30, 2023, to September 30, 2031, among other administrative changes. (§7102)

Veterinary medicine loan repayment. The National Veterinary Medical Services Act (P.L. 108-61) establishes the Veterinary Medicine Loan Repayment Program to provide competitive grants to help veterinarians repay educational loans in exchange for serving in areas with shortages of veterinarians. (7 U.S.C. §3151a)

Veterinary medicine loan repayment. Authorizes USDA to identify veterinarian shortages by geographic area, practice type, and state-identified need; requires USDA to develop and share quantitative models to predict short- and long-term veterinarian shortages; prohibits disqualification based solelysolely based on participation in other federal, state, or local programs; and requires establishment of a streamlined application process within one year of enactment. (§7103)

Veterinary services grant program. The Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79) establishes the Veterinary Services Grant Program to provide competitive grants to help veterinarians, students, and technicians gain specialized skills and resources to address U.S. veterinary service shortages. (7 U.S.C. §3151b)

Veterinary services grant program. Adds the existing statutory definition of rural area (7 U.S.C. §1991(a)); expands grants to attract, retain, and expand veterinary practices in rural areas; allows funding for relocation, startup equipment, and housing or living stipends for veterinary and veterinary technician trainees. Requires USDA to implement a streamlined application process within one year of enactment. (§7104)

Grants and fellowships for food and agriculture sciences education. Authorizes USDA to provide grants and fellowships to strengthen higher education in food and agricultural sciences. Authorizes appropriations of $40 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §3152(m)(2); P.L. 119-37)

Grants and fellowships for food and agriculture sciences education. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7105)

Agricultural and food policy research centers. Authorizes USDA to provide competitive grants and cooperative agreements for policy research centers to conduct research and education programs that are objective, operationally independent, and external to the federal government and that concern the effect of public policies and trade agreements on agriculture. Authorizes appropriations of $10 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §3155(e); P.L. 119-37)

Agricultural and food policy research centers. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7106)

Education grants to Alaska Native serving institutions and Native Hawaiian serving institutions. Authorizes USDA to provide competitive grants for Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian serving institutions for the purpose of promoting and strengthening their ability to carry out education, applied research, and related community development programs. Authorizes appropriations of $40 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §3156; P.L. 119-37)

Education grants to Alaska Native serving institutions and Native Hawaiian serving institutions. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. Extends allowable grant terms to up to five years. (§7107)

Nutrition education program. Authorizes USDA to establish a national education program to disseminate results of food and human nutrition research funded by USDA. Authorizes appropriations of $90 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §3175; P.L. 119-37)

Nutrition education program. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7108)

Continuing animal health and disease research programs. Requires deans of accredited veterinary colleges and state agricultural experiment stations to develop a comprehensive state animal health and disease research program based on the animal health research capacity of each eligible institution in the state, to be submitted to USDA for approval and be used to allocate funds available to the state. Authorizes appropriations of $25 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §3195; P.L. 119-37)

Continuing animal health and disease research programs. Adds carryover provisions for unexpended funds. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7109)

Extension and agricultural research at 1890 land-grant colleges, including Tuskegee University. Requires minimum appropriations for extension activities at 1890 land-grant institutions of 20% of the total amount appropriated for extension activities at other land-grant institutions. Requires minimum appropriations for research activities at 1890 land-grant institutions of 30% of the total amount appropriated for research activities at other land-grant institutions. (7 U.S.C. §§3221-3222; P.L. 119-37)

Extension and agricultural research at 1890 land-grant colleges, including Tuskegee University. Increases the minimum appropriations for extension services at 1890 land-grant institutions to 40% of the total amount appropriated for extension activities at other land-grant institutions and increases the minimum appropriations for research activities at 1890 land-grant institutions to 40% of the total amount appropriated for research activities at other land-grant institutions. (§7110)

Scholarships for students at 1890 institutions. Establishes a scholarship grant program at 1890 land-grant institutions for accepted students who intend to pursue a career in agribusiness, energy and renewable fuels, or financial management. Provides mandatory Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) funding of $40 million in FY2020 and $10 million in FY2023, to remain available until expended. Authorizes appropriations of $10 million annually for FY2020-FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §3222a; P.L. 119-37)

Scholarships for students at 1890 Institutions. Renames the program as the David A. Scott Scholarship Program for Students at 1890 Institutions. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. The provision doesDoes not provide additional mandatory funding beyond the existing CCC funding authority. (§7111)

Grants to upgrade agricultural and food sciences facilities at 1890 land-grant colleges, including Tuskegee University. Authorizes grants for acquisition and improvement of agricultural and food sciences facilities and equipment, including libraries for 1890 land-grant universities and including Tuskegee University. Authorizes $25 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §3222b(b); P.L. 119-37)

Grants to upgrade agricultural and food sciences facilities at 1890 land-grant colleges, including Tuskegee University. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7112)

Grants to upgrade agriculture and food sciences facilities and equipment and support tropical and subtropical agricultural research at insular area land-grant colleges and universities. Authorizes USDA to provide grants to upgrade agriculture and food sciences facilities and equipment and support tropical and subtropical agricultural research at insular area land-grant institutions. Authorizes grants for acquisition and improvement of agricultural and food sciences facilities and equipment, including libraries for insular area land-grant institutions. Authorizes appropriations of $8 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §3222b-2(d); P.L. 119-37)

Grants to upgrade agriculture and food sciences facilities and equipment and support tropical and subtropical agricultural research at insular land-grant colleges and universities. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7113)

Matching funds requirement for research and extension activities at eligible institutions. Requires recipients of certain formula grants to provide funds, in-kind contributions, or a combination of both from nonfederal sources in an amount that is at least equal to the amount of the formula grant. (7 U.S.C. §3222d)

Matching funds requirement for research and extension activities at eligible institutions. Requires grant recipients to submit annual reports to USDA about matching funds "beginning on September 30, 2026, and each fiscal year thereafter." The reports are to be" and submitted no later than September 30 of each fiscal year. (§7114)

New Beginning for Tribal Students. The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (2018 farm bill; P.L. 115-334) authorizes USDA to provide competitive grants to land-grant institutions to provide support targeted at tribal students. Limits the total amount of these grants to $500,000 per year per state. Authorizes appropriations of $5 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §3222e; P.L. 119-37)

New beginning for Tribal students. Extends the ability of 1994 land-grant institutions to acquire land,; modernize facilities,; and purchase, maintain, and operate equipment to support agricultural research and extension and removes the cap on total state grant funding. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7115)

Education grants programs for Hispanic-serving institutions. Authorizes USDA to provide competitive grants to promote and strengthen Hispanic-serving institutions to carry out education, applied research, and related community development programs. Authorizes appropriations of $40 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §3241(c); P.L. 119-37)

Education grants programs for Hispanic-serving institutions. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7116)

Binational agricultural research and development (BARD). Establishes the BARD-cooperative agricultural research program between the United States and the government of Israel that supports collaborative research of mutual interest in authorized research centers in both countries. (7 U.S.C. §3291(e))

Binational agricultural research and development. Expands eligible countries to include "United States, Israel, or other signatories of the Abraham Accords Declaration." Requires BARD to establish an accelerator program to support mid-stage research, fast-track cooperative projects, provide guidance and assistance, and advance agricultural research of mutual interest. (§7117)

Partnerships for international agricultural research, extension, and education. Authorizes USDA to promote cooperation and coordination between defined covered institutions and international partner institutions through improving extension, agricultural research, agricultural teaching and education, and other activities. Authorizes appropriations of $10 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §3292; P.L. 119-37)

Grants and partnership for international agricultural research, extension, and education. Renames the section. Amends the definitions of developing country, eligible institution, and international partner institution. Authorizes USDA to provide grants to institutions to enhance U.S. economic competitiveness and international market development through improved education, research collaboration, and technology application in agriculture, as well as other activities. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7118)

Research equipment grants. Authorizes USDA to provide competitive grants for research equipment. Authorizes appropriations of $5 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §3310a(e); P.L. 119-37)

Research equipment grants. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7119)

Research appropriations. Authorizes annual appropriations of such sums as necessary for formula funds for agricultural research at land-grant institutions through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §3311; P.L. 119-37)

University research. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7120)

Extension appropriations. Authorizes annual appropriations of such sums as may be necessary for formula funds for agricultural extension at land-grant institutions through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §3312; P.L. 119-37)

Extension service. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7121)

Supplemental and alternative crops. Requires USDA to provide competitive grants and other agreements to develop supplemental and alternative crops. Authorizes annual appropriations of $2 million through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §3319d; P.L. 119-37)

Supplemental and alternative crops. Expands the scope for grants and partnerships to examine potential benefits and opportunities for supplemental and alternative crops (including winter-planted canola seed and winter-planted canola crops). Reauthorizes annual appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7122)

New Era Rural Technology Program. Authorizes USDA to establish the New Era Rural Technology Program to make grants available for technology development, applied research, and training to aid in the development of an agriculture-based renewable energy workforce. Authorizes annual appropriations of such sums as necessary through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §3319e; P.L. 119-37)

Grants for community college agriculture and natural resources programs. Renames the section. Amends definitions to include eligible entities and work-based learning. Requires USDA to prioritize applicants partnering with local industry operators. Defines allowable uses of grants. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7123)

Capacity building grants for Non-Land-Grant Colleges of Agriculture (NLGCA) institutions. Authorizes competitive grant programs for NLGCA institutions. Authorizes annual appropriations of such sums as necessary through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §3319i(b); P.L. 119-37)

Capacity building grants for NLGCA institutions. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7124)

Agriculture advanced research and development authority (AGARDA). The Agriculture Improvement Act of 20182018 farm bill (P.L. 115-334) establishes the pilot AGARDA to develop technologies, research tools, and products through advanced research on long-term and high-risk challenges for food and agriculture. Authorizes appropriations of $50 million annually through FY2026, to remain available until expended. (7 U.S.C. §3319k; P.L. 119-37)

Agriculture advanced research and development authority. Amends the definition of agricultural technology to explicitly include precision agriculture (defined as managing, tracking, or reducing crop or livestock production inputs, including seed, feed, fertilizer, chemicals, water, and time, at a heightened level of spatial and temporal granularity to improve efficiencies, reduce waste, and maintain environmental quality)precision agriculture and broadens the scope of qualified products and projects, including those determined by USDA. Amends goals and duties to emphasize overcoming of long-term and high-risk technological barriers, including in areas such as water conservation, extreme weather resilience, drought, and plant and animal disease and pest resistance. Requires the use of the strategic plan in agricultural technologies, research tools, and qualified products and projects that enhance export competitiveness, environmental sustainability, water conservation, and resilience to extreme weather, drought, infectious diseases, plant and animal pathogens, and plant and animal pests. Requires the use of the existing strategic plan developed under current law to guide program administration and expands flexibility inrelating to research tools and project scope. Extends the duration of the pilot program from five years5 to 13 years. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7125)

Aquaculture assistance programs. Authorizes USDA to provide competitive grants to support aquaculture research and assistance. Authorizes appropriations of $5 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §3324(a)(2); P.L. 118-22))

Aquaculture assistance programs. Aquaculture assistance programs. Directs the Secretary of Agriculture, within 180 days of enactment, to conduct a study identifying locations in the U.S. Virgin Islands and Guam suitable for the development of aquaculture small businesses, including an assessment of water quality, coastal access, infrastructure needs, and applicable environmental and regulatory requirements. Requires consultation with the Virgin Islands Department of Planning and Natural Resources and the Guam Department of Agriculture. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7126)

Special authorization for biosecurity planning and response. Authorizes research, education, and extension activities for biosecurity planning and response. Authorizes appropriations of $30 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §3351(a)(3); P.L. 119-37)

Special authorization for biosecurity planning and response. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7127)

Agriculture Research Facility Expansion and Security Upgrades Program. Authorizes USDA to provide competitive grants to support security of agriculture and threats posed by bioterrorism. Authorizes annual appropriations of such sums as necessary through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §3352; P.L. 119-37)

Agriculture and food protection grant program. Renames the Agriculture Research Facility Expansion and Security Upgrades Program to the Agriculture and Food Protection Grant Program. Expands the program scope to include activities aimed at protecting the food and agricultural system from chemical, biological, cybersecurity, or bioterrorism attacks. Amends grant requirements to allow additional activities and entities to receive grants. Reauthorizes annual appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7128)

Distance education grants for insular areas. Authorizes USDA to provide grants to insular area institutions for distance education projects. Authorizes appropriations of $2 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §3362(f)(2); P.L. 119-37)

Distance education grants for insular areas. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7129)

Resident instruction grants for insular areas. Authorizes USDA to provide grants to insular area institutions for resident instruction. Authorizes appropriations of $2 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §3363(c)(2); P.L. 119-37)

Resident instruction grants for insular areas. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7130)

Annual reporting. Requires an annual report to agriculture committees of jurisdiction^a and the President on USDA activities related to research, extension, and teaching. (7 U.S.C. §3125)

Repeals. Repeals provision. (§7131(a))

Next Generation Technology Challenge. Establishes a competition to incentivize development of mobile technology to assist market entry for beginning farmers and ranchers. (7 U.S.C. §3158)

Repeals. Repeals provision. (§7131(b))

Grants to upgrade facilities. Authorizes USDA to provide grants to upgrade agriculture and food sciences facilities at the District of Columbia land-grant institution. (7 U.S.C. §3222b-1)

Repeals. Repeals provision. (§7131(c))

Rangeland research. Authorizes USDA to establish a cooperative rangeland research program and provide grants to support such program. (7 U.S.C. §§3331 et seq.)

Repeals. Repeals provision. (§7131(d))

Subtitle B—Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990

Sustainable agriculture research and education. Requires USDA to establish the Best Utilization of Biological Applications research and extension program. Authorizes $40 million annually through FY2026. Requires establishment of integrated management systems research and education programs for resource and crop management. Authorizes annual appropriations of $20 million through FY2026. Requires development and publication of sustainable agriculture handbooks and technical guides. Authorizes mandatory appropriations of $5 million through FY2026. Requires the establishment of a National Training Program in Sustainable Agriculture. Authorizes appropriations of $20 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §§5811 et seq.; 7 U.S.C. §5821; 7 U.S.C. §5831; 7 U.S.C. §5832(i); P.L. 119-37)

Sustainable agriculture research and education. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels annually through FY2031 for the Best Utilization of Biological Applications research and extension program (7 U.S.C. §§5811 et seq.); integrated management systems research and education programs for resource and crop management (7 U.S.C. §5821); and the development and publication of sustainable agriculture handbooks and technical guides (7 U.S.C. §5831). Provides mandatory appropriations at current levels through FY2031 for the National Training Program in Sustainable Agriculture (7 U.S.C. §5832(i)). (§7201)

National Genetic Resources Program. Establishes the National Genetic Resources Program to acquire, document, preserve, characterize, and distribute germplasm of agricultural and crop species. Authorizes appropriations of $1 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §5844(b)(2))

National Genetics Resources Program. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7202)

Agricultural Genome to Phenome Initiative. Establishes the Agricultural Genome to Phenome Initiative to expand the knowledge of public and private sector entities and persons concerning genomes for species of importance to the food and agriculture sectors in order to maximize the return on the investment in genomics of agriculturally important species. Authorizes appropriations of $40 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §5924(g))

Agricultural genome to phenome initiative. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7203)

High-priority research and extension initiatives. Authorizes USDA to provide competitive grants for "high-priority research and extension" areas and initiatives and other programs. (7 U.S.C. §5925; P.L. 119-37)

High-priority research and extension initiatives. Revises high-priority research and extension initiatives by removing certain prior initiatives and adding initiatives on fertilizer and nutrient management, biological pest control, tropical plant health, biochar, wildfire smoke exposure, invasive species, microplastics and PFAS on farmland, agricultural byproducts, soil health, white oak, alternative growing media, rangeland, and specialty crop mechanization. Requires USDA, beginning in 2028, to submit biennial reports to the agriculture committees of jurisdiction^a beginning in 2028 detailingthat detail activities and funding allocations, to the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), andas well as other "amounts made available through other agencies within the Department agencies." Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7204)

Organic research and extension. The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (2008 farm bill; P.L. 110-246) establishes the Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative to provide grants to facilitate the development of organic agriculture production and processing. Provides permanent mandatory CCC funding of $50 million annually. Authorizes appropriations of $25 million annually through 2026. (7 U.S.C. §5925b; P.L. 119-37)

Organic agriculture research and extension initiative. Extends USDA's authority to provide competitive grants through FY2031. Makes other administrative changes and removes dated provisions no longer active. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7205)

Farm business management. Authorizes USDA to provide competitive research and extension grants for improving agricultural producers' farm management knowledge and skills and for establishing and maintaining a national, publicly available farm financial management database to support improved farm management. Authorizes appropriations of $5 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §5925f(d)(2); P.L. 119-37)

Farm business management. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7206)

Urban, indoor, and innovative research. The Agriculture Improvement Act of 20182018 farm bill (P.L. 115-334) authorizes USDA to provide grants to facilitate the development of urban and indoor agricultural production, harvesting, packaging, and distribution systems and new markets. Provides mandatory CCC funds of $10 million for FY2019 and $2 million for FY2026, to remain available until expended. Authorizes additional appropriations of $10 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §5925g; P.L. 119-37)

Urban, indoor, and other emerging agricultural production research, education, and extension initiative. Adds managing waste streams and providing career and technical education by land-grant institutions and minority-serving institutions as eligible grant recipientsactivities. Makes other technical changes. (§7207)

Centers of excellence. Authorizes USDA to prioritize centers of excellence (COEs) focused on specified areas relatedrelating to food and agriculture for competitive research and extension program funding. Authorizes appropriations of $10 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §5926; P.L. 119-37)

Centers of excellence. Specifies eligible host institutions to include 1862, 1890, and 1994 land-grant institutions, non-land-grant colleges of agriculture, Hispanic-serving agricultural colleges or universities, and accredited veterinary schools. Requires geographic diversity and limits institutions to hosting one center at a time. Requires partnerships with ARS, other federal and state entities, higher education institutions, and industry to enhance coordination, workforce development, rapid response capacity, and technology transfer. Establishes specified focus areas: (aquaculture, beginning farmers, biosecurity and cybersecurity, biotechnology, crop protection, digital agriculture, food quality, foreign animal disease, forestry, invasive species, livestock and poultry, veterinary medicine, and water quality). Sets five-year award terms (renewable once), prohibits use of funds for construction, requires annual congressional reporting, increases the minimum number of additional centers to at least eight (including at 1890 land-grant institutions), and expands certain focus areas. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7208)

Assistive technology program for farmers with disabilities. Establishes a grant program to provide on-the-farm agricultural education and assistance directed at accommodating individuals with disabilities in farm operations. Authorizes appropriations of $5 million annually through FY2026. (7 U.S.C. §5933; P.L. 119-37)

Assistive technology program for farmers with disabilities. Expands eligible activities to include education and support for youth and young adults with disabilities who are interested in farming and farm-related occupations. Reauthorizes appropriations at current levels through FY2031. (§7209)