Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2024 Budget and Appropriations

Changes from November 27, 2023 to January 24, 2024

This page shows textual changes in the document between the two versions indicated in the dates above. Textual matter removed in the later version is indicated with ~~red strikethrough~~ and textual matter added in the later version is indicated with blue.

Department of State, Foreign Operations, and
~~November 27, 2023~~January 24, 2024
Related Programs: FY2024 Budget and
Emily M. McCabe
Appropriations
Acting Section Research Acting Section Research
Manager Manager
Each year, Congress considers 12 distinct appropriations measures to fund federal Each year, Congress considers 12 distinct appropriations measures to fund federal

programs and programs and activities. One of these is the Department of State, Foreign Operations, activities. One of these is the Department of State, Foreign Operations,
and Related Programs Cory R. Gill
~~and Related Programs~~ (SFOPS) appropriations bill, which includes funding for U.S. (SFOPS) appropriations bill, which includes funding for U.S.
diplomatic activities; cultural Analyst in Foreign Affairs Analyst in Foreign Affairs
~~diplomatic activities; cultural~~ exchanges; development, security, and humanitarian exchanges; development, security, and humanitarian

assistance; and participation in multilateral assistance; and participation in multilateral organizations, among other international organizations, among other international
activities. On March 9, 2023, the Biden Administration released its proposed FY2024 activities. On March 9, 2023, the Biden Administration released its proposed FY2024

budget request, which called for $69.01 billion in new budget budget request, which called for $69.01 billion in new budget authority for SFOPS authority for SFOPS
accounts, or $68.73 billion when including proposed rescissions of prior year funding. accounts, or $68.73 billion when including proposed rescissions of prior year funding.
The FY2024 request, including rescissions, represented a 14.9% increase from FY2023 enacted base The FY2024 request, including rescissions, represented a 14.9% increase from FY2023 enacted base
appropriations (excluding emergency funding responding to Russia’s war in Ukraine) and a 40.9% decrease from appropriations (excluding emergency funding responding to Russia’s war in Ukraine) and a 40.9% decrease from
total FY2023 enacted appropriations. Consistent with previous budget requests and annual SFOPS appropriations total FY2023 enacted appropriations. Consistent with previous budget requests and annual SFOPS appropriations
measures, the budget request divided SFOPS into two main components: measures, the budget request divided SFOPS into two main components:
Department of State and Related Agency. These accounts, which are provided in Title I of the SFOPS bill, These accounts, which are provided in Title I of the SFOPS bill,
primarily support Department of State diplomatic and security activities. The FY2024 base proposal included primarily support Department of State diplomatic and security activities. The FY2024 base proposal included
$18.84 billion for Title I accounts, representing an 8.4% increase from FY2023 enacted base appropriations and a $18.84 billion for Title I accounts, representing an 8.4% increase from FY2023 enacted base appropriations and a
7.4% increase from total FY2023 enacted levels. 7.4% increase from total FY2023 enacted levels.
Foreign Operations and Related Programs. These accounts, which are provided in Titles II-VI of the SFOPS These accounts, which are provided in Titles II-VI of the SFOPS
bill, fund most foreign assistance activities and would see a total of $50.16 billion for FY2024, a 16.4% increase bill, fund most foreign assistance activities and would see a total of $50.16 billion for FY2024, a 16.4% increase
when compared with FY2023 enacted base levels and a 21.7% decrease when compared with total FY2023 when compared with FY2023 enacted base levels and a 21.7% decrease when compared with total FY2023
enacted levels. enacted levels.
On July 12, 2023, the House Appropriations Committee approved its version of the FY2024 SFOPS On July 12, 2023, the House Appropriations Committee approved its version of the FY2024 SFOPS
appropriations bill. The full House amended and approved the measure on September 28, 2023. The bill would appropriations bill. The full House amended and approved the measure on September 28, 2023. The bill would
provide a total of $53.93 billion in new budget authority for SFOPS ($40.53 billion after rescissions). Of that provide a total of $53.93 billion in new budget authority for SFOPS ($40.53 billion after rescissions). Of that
total, the bill would provide $14.53 billion for Department of State and Related Agency accounts and $39.40 total, the bill would provide $14.53 billion for Department of State and Related Agency accounts and $39.40
billion for Foreign Operations and Related Programs accountsbillion for Foreign Operations and Related Programs accounts~~, of which $1.00 billion was designated as~~
~~emergency funding.~~ . On July 20, 2023, the Senate Appropriations Committee approved its FY2024 SFOPS On July 20, 2023, the Senate Appropriations Committee approved its FY2024 SFOPS
appropriations measure, which would provide $63.03 billion in new budget authority ($61.77 after rescissions). appropriations measure, which would provide $63.03 billion in new budget authority ($61.77 after rescissions).
Of that total, the bill would provide $17.96 billion for Department of State and Related Agency accounts and Of that total, the bill would provide $17.96 billion for Department of State and Related Agency accounts and
$45.07 billion for Foreign Operations and Related Programs accounts, of which $3.25 billion was designated as $45.07 billion for Foreign Operations and Related Programs accounts, of which $3.25 billion was designated as
emergency funding. emergency funding.
On August 10, 2023, the Biden Administration proposed $10.85 billion in FY2024 emergency supplemental On August 10, 2023, the Biden Administration proposed $10.85 billion in FY2024 emergency supplemental
SFOPS funding. Such funds would support U.S. assistance for Ukraine and countries affected by the war in SFOPS funding. Such funds would support U.S. assistance for Ukraine and countries affected by the war in
Ukraine, respond to irregular migration within the Western Hemisphere, and other Administration priorities for Ukraine, respond to irregular migration within the Western Hemisphere, and other Administration priorities for
SFOPS such as international infrastructure and countering Russian malign actors in Africa. With this SFOPS such as international infrastructure and countering Russian malign actors in Africa. With this
supplemental request, the Administration’s request for FY2024 SFOPS funding totaled $79.58 billion after supplemental request, the Administration’s request for FY2024 SFOPS funding totaled $79.58 billion after
~~rescissions.~~
~~On September 30, 2023, Congress enacted P.L. 118-15, a continuing resolution (CR~~rescissions. Congress has passed a series of continuing resolutions (CRs) to fund federal government ) to fund federal government
agencies in FY2024, largely at agencies in FY2024, largely at FY2023 levels. The current CR, P.L. 118-35, funds SFOPS accounts through March 8~~FY2023 levels, until November 17, 2023. The CR also extended certain SFOPS~~
~~funding that had been provided in Division M of P.L. 117-328, the Additional Ukraine Supplemental~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

~~link to page 33 link to page 41 link to page 43 link to page 44~~ ~~Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs~~

~~Appropriations Act, 2023. On November 15, Congress enacted P.L. 118-22, a CR to fund certain federal~~
~~agencies—including those funded through SFOPS—through February 2~~, 2024. , 2024.
On October 20, 2023, the Biden Administration proposed $34.40 billion in additional FY2024 emergency On October 20, 2023, the Biden Administration proposed $34.40 billion in additional FY2024 emergency
supplemental SFOPS funding. Such funds would support (1) Israel in the wake of the Hamas attacks, (2) Ukraine supplemental SFOPS funding. Such funds would support (1) Israel in the wake of the Hamas attacks, (2) Ukraine
“as it defends its sovereignty,” (3) deterrence in the Indo-Pacific, and (4) security at the U.S. Southwest border. “as it defends its sovereignty,” (3) deterrence in the Indo-Pacific, and (4) security at the U.S. Southwest border.
This second supplemental request brought the Administration’s total request for FY2024 SFOPS funding to This second supplemental request brought the Administration’s total request for FY2024 SFOPS funding to
$113.99 billion, net of rescissions. $113.99 billion, net of rescissions.
Table A-1 provides an account-by-account comparison of the FY2024 request to FY2023 enacted and FY2022 provides an account-by-account comparison of the FY2024 request to FY2023 enacted and FY2022
actual (allotted) funding actual (allotted) funding ~~level~~slevels. Table A-2 offers a similar comparison focused specifically on the International offers a similar comparison focused specifically on the International
Affairs budget. Both appendices will be updated to reflect congressional Affairs budget. Both appendices will be updated to reflect congressional ~~action.~~action. Figure A-1 depicts the SFOPS depicts the SFOPS
~~account structure.~~
account structure. Congressional Research Service link to page 44 Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs This report tracks SFOPS budget requests and appropriations, comparing funding levels for accounts and This report tracks SFOPS budget requests and appropriations, comparing funding levels for accounts and
purposes. It does not provide extensive analysis of international affairs policy issues. For in-depth analysis and purposes. It does not provide extensive analysis of international affairs policy issues. For in-depth analysis and
contextual information on international affairs issues, consult the wide range of CRS reports on specific subjects, contextual information on international affairs issues, consult the wide range of CRS reports on specific subjects,
such as global health, diplomatic security, and U.S. participation in the United such as global health, diplomatic security, and U.S. participation in the United ~~Nations.~~Nations. Table A-3 includes a list includes a list
of CRS experts who may be consulted for additional information within their respective issue areas. For more of CRS experts who may be consulted for additional information within their respective issue areas. For more
information on SFOPS accounts, see CRS Report R40482, Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related information on SFOPS accounts, see CRS Report R40482, Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related
Programs Appropriations: A Guide to Component AccountsPrograms Appropriations: A Guide to Component Accounts, , by Cory R. Gill and Emily M. McCabe.by Cory R. Gill and Emily M. McCabe.
Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

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Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs

Overview
Annual Department of State, Foreign Annual Department of State, Foreign
A Note on Numbers
Operations, and Related Programs Operations, and Related Programs
Consistent with prior years’ analyses, CRS is comparing the Consistent with prior years’ analyses, CRS is comparing the
(SFOPS) appropriations support a range of (SFOPS) appropriations support a range of
FY2024 SFOPS request and subsequent appropriations bil s FY2024 SFOPS request and subsequent appropriations bil s
U.S. activities around the world, including U.S. activities around the world, including
to FY2023 enacted funding levels from the appropriations to FY2023 enacted funding levels from the appropriations
the operation of U.S. embassies; the operation of U.S. embassies;
laws and/or FY2022 actual funding as presented in the laws and/or FY2022 actual funding as presented in the
diplomatic activities; international diplomatic activities; international
Congressional Budget Justification (CBJ). Congressional Budget Justification (CBJ).
development, security, and humanitarian development, security, and humanitarian
Unless otherwise indicated, CRS is using the FY2024 CBJ Unless otherwise indicated, CRS is using the FY2024 CBJ
assistance; U.S. participation in assistance; U.S. participation in
for the FY2024 request and FY2022 “actuals,” and Division for the FY2024 request and FY2022 “actuals,” and Division
B of P.L. 117-180 and Divisions K and M of P.L. 117-328 for B of P.L. 117-180 and Divisions K and M of P.L. 117-328 for
multilateral organizations; and certain U.S. multilateral organizations; and certain U.S.
FY2023 enacted. In the CBJ, the Administration provides an FY2023 enacted. In the CBJ, the Administration provides an
export promotion activities. The SFOPS export promotion activities. The SFOPS
“adjusted enacted” total for FY2023 that shifts $2.12 bil ion “adjusted enacted” total for FY2023 that shifts $2.12 bil ion
appropriations closely align with the appropriations closely align with the
in emergency funding enacted in Division M of P.L. 117-328 in emergency funding enacted in Division M of P.L. 117-328
International Affairs budget function (150), International Affairs budget function (150),
to “base” funding. Because Congress designated such funds to “base” funding. Because Congress designated such funds
which typically represents about 1%-1.5% which typically represents about 1%-1.5%
as “being for an emergency requirement,” CRS is keeping as “being for an emergency requirement,” CRS is keeping
such funds separate from base enacted levels for such funds separate from base enacted levels for
of the annual federal budget (see of the annual federal budget (see Figure
calculations in this report and using the enacted FY2023 calculations in this report and using the enacted FY2023
1).1 1
legislation as the basis of comparison. legislation as the basis of comparison.

Figure 1. International Affairs as a Portion of the Federal Budget, FY2024 Estimate

Source: Prepared by CRS using Office of Management and Budget FY2024 Budget Historical Table 5.1. Prepared by CRS using Office of Management and Budget FY2024 Budget Historical Table 5.1.
The Biden Administration’s budget request for FY2024, released on March 9, 2023, proposed The Biden Administration’s budget request for FY2024, released on March 9, 2023, proposed
$69.01 billion in new budget authority for SFOPS accounts, or $68.73 billion when including $69.01 billion in new budget authority for SFOPS accounts, or $68.73 billion when including
proposed rescissions of prior year funding.2 The request, including rescissions, represented a proposed rescissions of prior year funding.2 The request, including rescissions, represented a
14.9% increase from FY2023 enacted base appropriations. In August 2023, the Administration 14.9% increase from FY2023 enacted base appropriations. In August 2023, the Administration
proposed $10.85 billion in emergency supplemental funding for SFOPS accounts to respond to proposed $10.85 billion in emergency supplemental funding for SFOPS accounts to respond to
the war in Ukraine, address irregular migration in the Western Hemisphere, and meet other the war in Ukraine, address irregular migration in the Western Hemisphere, and meet other

1 The SFOPS appropriation aligns closely but not exactly with the International Affairs budget (Function 150). The 1 The SFOPS appropriation aligns closely but not exactly with the International Affairs budget (Function 150). The
primary differences are that international food aid programs are part of Function 150 but funded through the primary differences are that international food aid programs are part of Function 150 but funded through the
Agriculture appropriation, and that SFOPS includes funding for international commissions that are part of the Function Agriculture appropriation, and that SFOPS includes funding for international commissions that are part of the Function
300 budget (Natural Resources and Environment). 300 budget (Natural Resources and Environment).
2 Rescissions of prior year funding do not affect new budget authority but are considered when calculating budget totals 2 Rescissions of prior year funding do not affect new budget authority but are considered when calculating budget totals
for purposes such as compliance with Appropriations Committees’ 302(b) allocations or statutory spending caps. for purposes such as compliance with Appropriations Committees’ 302(b) allocations or statutory spending caps.
Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

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Administration international priorities.3 In October 2023, the Administration proposed an Administration international priorities.3 In October 2023, the Administration proposed an
additional $34.40 billion in emergency supplemental funding for SFOPS accounts for four additional $34.40 billion in emergency supplemental funding for SFOPS accounts for four
primary objectives: (1) supporting Israel in the wake of the Hamas attacks, (2) continuing U.S. primary objectives: (1) supporting Israel in the wake of the Hamas attacks, (2) continuing U.S.
support for Ukraine “as it defends its sovereignty,” (3) investing in deterrence in the Indo-Pacific, support for Ukraine “as it defends its sovereignty,” (3) investing in deterrence in the Indo-Pacific,
and (4) bolstering security at the U.S. Southwest border.4 This brought the Administration’s total and (4) bolstering security at the U.S. Southwest border.4 This brought the Administration’s total
request for FY2024 (including the supplemental requests) to $113.99 billion, representing a request for FY2024 (including the supplemental requests) to $113.99 billion, representing a
40.9% increase from FY2023 enacted total appropriations (which included supplemental 40.9% increase from FY2023 enacted total appropriations (which included supplemental
appropriations enacted for SFOPS accounts to respond to Russia’s war in Ukraine). When appropriations enacted for SFOPS accounts to respond to Russia’s war in Ukraine). When
compared with prior years’ requests, the Administration’s request is the highest in the past decade compared with prior years’ requests, the Administration’s request is the highest in the past decade
((see Table 1). .
Table 1. SFOPS Request vs. Actual/Enacted Funding, FY2015-FY2024 Request
(In billions of current U.S. dollars) (In billions of current U.S. dollars)

FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
FY19
FY20
FY21
FY22
FY23
FY24
Request
55.01 55.01
54.83 54.83
60.21 60.21
40.21 40.21
41.66 41.66
43.10 43.10
44.12 44.12
71.37 71.37
90.54 90.54 113.99 113.99
Actual/~~Enact~~
54.39 54.39
54.52 54.52
59.78 59.78
54.18 54.18
54.38 54.38
57.37 57.37
71.38 71.38
85.42 85.42
80.92 80.92

edEnacted
Difference
-1.1% -1.1%
-0.6% -0.6%
-0.7% -0.7%
+34.7+34.7
% +30.5+30.5
% +33.1+33.1
% +61.8+61.8
% +19.7+19.7
% -10.6% -10.6%

%
%
%
%
%
Source: Annual SFOPS Congressional Budget Justifications (CBJs) prepared by the Department of State and U.S. Annual SFOPS Congressional Budget Justifications (CBJs) prepared by the Department of State and U.S.
Agency for International Development; FY2023 enacted levels compiled from P.L. 117-180 and P.L. 117-328; Agency for International Development; FY2023 enacted levels compiled from P.L. 117-180 and P.L. 117-328;
Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy; Letter from OMB Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy; Letter from OMB
Director Shalanda Young to the Honorable Patrick McHenry. Director Shalanda Young to the Honorable Patrick McHenry.
Notes: Includes supplemental, emergency, and overseas contingency operations funds and rescissions. FY2023 Includes supplemental, emergency, and overseas contingency operations funds and rescissions. FY2023
figures are enacted appropriations, while FY2016-FY2022 figures are “actual” spending as reported in the CBJs. figures are enacted appropriations, while FY2016-FY2022 figures are “actual” spending as reported in the CBJs.
Emergency Funds
Congress periodically appropriates funding designated as “emergency” to address a range of Congress periodically appropriates funding designated as “emergency” to address a range of
activities outside of preestablished budget caps. In recent years, Congress has enacted emergency activities outside of preestablished budget caps. In recent years, Congress has enacted emergency
funds to address unanticipated situations both during the regular budget cycle in annual funds to address unanticipated situations both during the regular budget cycle in annual
appropriations bills and in off-cycle supplemental measures. For FY2023, for example, Congress appropriations bills and in off-cycle supplemental measures. For FY2023, for example, Congress
enacted two emergency funding measures that included appropriations for SFOPS accounts: one enacted two emergency funding measures that included appropriations for SFOPS accounts: one
as part of the first continuing resolution for FY2023 (P.L. 117-180) and the other as part of the as part of the first continuing resolution for FY2023 (P.L. 117-180) and the other as part of the
omnibus appropriation (P.L. 117-328). Such funding was enacted primarily for security, omnibus appropriation (P.L. 117-328). Such funding was enacted primarily for security,
economic, and humanitarian assistance for Ukraine and countries and populations affected by the economic, and humanitarian assistance for Ukraine and countries and populations affected by the
war in Ukraine. war in Ukraine.
From FY2012 through FY2021, SFOPS appropriations included funding designated as “Overseas From FY2012 through FY2021, SFOPS appropriations included funding designated as “Overseas
Contingency Operations” (OCO), a type of emergency funding initially used by Congress in the Contingency Operations” (OCO), a type of emergency funding initially used by Congress in the
“frontline” states of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iraq.5 OCO funding was also one of the “frontline” states of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iraq.5 OCO funding was also one of the
mechanisms by which Congress sought to fund various activities while still adhering to
3 Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy, at 3 Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy, at
https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Final-Supplemental-Funding-Request-Letter-and-Technical-https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Final-Supplemental-Funding-Request-Letter-and-Technical-
Materials.pdf. Materials.pdf.
4 See letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to the Honorable Patrick McHenry, pp. 1-3, at 4 See letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to the Honorable Patrick McHenry, pp. 1-3, at
https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Letter-regarding-critical-national-security-funding-needs-https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Letter-regarding-critical-national-security-funding-needs-
for-FY-2024.pdf. for-FY-2024.pdf.
5 For more on OCO, see CRS In Focus IF10143, 5 For more on OCO, see CRS In Focus IF10143, Foreign Affairs Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) Funding:
Background and Current Status, by Emily M. McCabe. , by Emily M. McCabe.
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Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs

~~mechanisms by which Congress sought to fund various activities while still adhering to~~
discretionary spending caps established by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA, P.L. 112-25). discretionary spending caps established by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA, P.L. 112-25).
Congress and successive Administrations expanded OCO’s use considerably in funding level and Congress and successive Administrations expanded OCO’s use considerably in funding level and
scope, with OCO funds supporting a broader range of programs, including many that were widely scope, with OCO funds supporting a broader range of programs, including many that were widely
considered to be base budget programs, in the later years. The BCA discretionary caps expired in considered to be base budget programs, in the later years. The BCA discretionary caps expired in
FY2021; OCO has not been requested or appropriated in the fiscal years since. FY2021; OCO has not been requested or appropriated in the fiscal years since.
Emergency and OCO-designated funding for SFOPS accounts has fluctuated from year to year, at Emergency and OCO-designated funding for SFOPS accounts has fluctuated from year to year, at
times accounting for a significant portion of total annual SFOPS appropriations (setimes accounting for a significant portion of total annual SFOPS appropriations (see Figure 2). In . In
FY2017, OCO-designated SFOPS funding peaked at $20.80 billion, or 36.1% of SFOPS funds FY2017, OCO-designated SFOPS funding peaked at $20.80 billion, or 36.1% of SFOPS funds
that year. For FY2022, appropriated emergency supplemental funding totaled $29.19 billion, that year. For FY2022, appropriated emergency supplemental funding totaled $29.19 billion,
representing 34.2% of total appropriated SFOPS funding. For FY2023, supplemental funding for representing 34.2% of total appropriated SFOPS funding. For FY2023, supplemental funding for
SFOPS accounts has totaled $21.07 billion, accounting for 26.0% of total appropriated SFOPS SFOPS accounts has totaled $21.07 billion, accounting for 26.0% of total appropriated SFOPS
funding. funding.
Figure 2. SFOPS Funding, FY2016-FY2024 Request

~~Source~~Sources: Prepared by CRS using annual SFOPS Congressional Budget Justifications (CBJs) prepared by the Prepared by CRS using annual SFOPS Congressional Budget Justifications (CBJs) prepared by the
Department of State and U.S. Agency for International Development; FY2023 enacted levels compiled from P.L. Department of State and U.S. Agency for International Development; FY2023 enacted levels compiled from P.L.
117-180 and P.L. 117-328; Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy; 117-180 and P.L. 117-328; Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy;
Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to the Honorable Patrick McHenry. Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to the Honorable Patrick McHenry.
Mandatory Funds6
Traditionally, the majority of funding for SFOPS accounts is discretionary (enacted in annual Traditionally, the majority of funding for SFOPS accounts is discretionary (enacted in annual
appropriations measures).7 However, for the past two fiscal years, the Biden Administration has appropriations measures).7 However, for the past two fiscal years, the Biden Administration has
proposed mandatory budget authority for select initiatives. For FY2023, for example, the proposed mandatory budget authority for select initiatives. For FY2023, for example, the
Administration proposed $6.5 billion in mandatory budget authority for global health security Administration proposed $6.5 billion in mandatory budget authority for global health security
purposes.8 Congress did not authorize the funds as the Administration sought through SFOPS, butpurposes.8 Congress did not authorize the funds as the Administration sought through SFOPS, but did authorize the appropriation of $5 billion from FY2023 through FY2027 for global health

6 Thomas Lum, CRS Specialist in Asian Affairs, contributed to this section. For a brief explanation of discretionary and 6 Thomas Lum, CRS Specialist in Asian Affairs, contributed to this section. For a brief explanation of discretionary and
mandatory budget authority, see CRS In Focus IF12105, mandatory budget authority, see CRS In Focus IF12105, Introduction to Budget Authority, by James V. Saturno. , by James V. Saturno.
7 The consistent exception to this has been annual Payment to the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund 7 The consistent exception to this has been annual Payment to the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund
($158.9 million annually). ($158.9 million annually).
8 For more details on the request, see “Global Health Programs (GHP)” in CRS Report R47070, 8 For more details on the request, see “Global Health Programs (GHP)” in CRS Report R47070, Department of State,
Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations, by Emily M. McCabe and Cory R. , by Emily M. McCabe and Cory R.
Gill. Gill.
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~~did authorize the appropriation of $5 billion from FY2023 through FY2027 for global health~~
security activities through the FY2022 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA, P.L. 117-security activities through the FY2022 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA, P.L. 117-
263). 263).
For FY2024, the Administration proposed $11.1 billion in mandatory budget authority as part of a For FY2024, the Administration proposed $11.1 billion in mandatory budget authority as part of a
U.S. government effort to “out-compete China, strengthen the U.S. role in the Indo-Pacific, and U.S. government effort to “out-compete China, strengthen the U.S. role in the Indo-Pacific, and
grow the U.S. economy.”9 The proposed mandatory budget authority would include $7.1 billion grow the U.S. economy.”9 The proposed mandatory budget authority would include $7.1 billion
for Compact of Free Association economic assistance to the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, and for Compact of Free Association economic assistance to the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, and
Palau over 20 years, to be administered by the Department of the Interior (DOI);10 $2 billion over Palau over 20 years, to be administered by the Department of the Interior (DOI);10 $2 billion over
five years to support the implementation of the Indo-Pacific Strategy; 11 and $2 billion over five five years to support the implementation of the Indo-Pacific Strategy; 11 and $2 billion over five
years to establish an International Infrastructure Fund for projects that “align with U.S. strategic years to establish an International Infrastructure Fund for projects that “align with U.S. strategic
interests in countries that are vulnerable to malign influence by strategic competitors.”12 interests in countries that are vulnerable to malign influence by strategic competitors.”12
Economic assistance pursuant to Title II of the Compacts of Free Association is set to expire at Economic assistance pursuant to Title II of the Compacts of Free Association is set to expire at
the end of FY2023 for the Marshall Islands and Micronesia and at the end of FY2024 for Palau. the end of FY2023 for the Marshall Islands and Micronesia and at the end of FY2024 for Palau.
Such assistance currently is both funded (through mandatory appropriations) and administered by Such assistance currently is both funded (through mandatory appropriations) and administered by
DOI. The Administration has not indicated why it proposes shifting Compact administration from DOI. The Administration has not indicated why it proposes shifting Compact administration from
DOI to the Department of State. Once the United States and the three Compact countries reach DOI to the Department of State. Once the United States and the three Compact countries reach
bilateral agreements, currently under negotiation, to extend Compact assistance, the President is bilateral agreements, currently under negotiation, to extend Compact assistance, the President is
to submit draft legislation to Congress, after which both houses of Congress must approve them to submit draft legislation to Congress, after which both houses of Congress must approve them
through implementing legislation for them to go into effect.13 through implementing legislation for them to go into effect.13
Congressional Action
House Legislation. On September 28, 2023, the House of Representatives approved a FY2024 On September 28, 2023, the House of Representatives approved a FY2024
SFOPS bill, H.R. 4665, which would provide a total of $53.93 billion in new budget authority for SFOPS bill, H.R. 4665, which would provide a total of $53.93 billion in new budget authority for
SFOPS accounts ($40.53 billion after rescissions). Of that total, the bill would provide $14.53 SFOPS accounts ($40.53 billion after rescissions). Of that total, the bill would provide $14.53
billion for Department of State and Related Agency accounts and $39.40 billion for Foreign billion for Department of State and Related Agency accounts and $39.40 billion for Foreign
Operations and Related Programs accountsOperations and Related Programs accounts~~, of which $1.00 billion was designated as emergency~~
~~funding~~. .
Senate Legislation. On July 20, 2023, the Senate Appropriations Committee approved its On July 20, 2023, the Senate Appropriations Committee approved its
FY2024 SFOPS appropriations measure, S. 2438, which would provide $63.03 billion in new FY2024 SFOPS appropriations measure, S. 2438, which would provide $63.03 billion in new
budget authority ($61.77 billion after rescissions). Of that total, the bill would provide $17.96 budget authority ($61.77 billion after rescissions). Of that total, the bill would provide $17.96
billion for Department of State and Related Agency accounts and $45.07 billion for Foreign billion for Department of State and Related Agency accounts and $45.07 billion for Foreign
Operations and Related Programs accounts, of which $3.25 billion was designated as emergency Operations and Related Programs accounts, of which $3.25 billion was designated as emergency
funding. The full Senate has not considered the legislation. funding. The full Senate has not considered the legislation.
Continuing Resolutions. On September 30, 2023, Congress enacted P.L. 118-15, a continuing On September 30, 2023, Congress enacted P.L. 118-15, a continuing
resolution (CR) to fund federal government agencies in FY2024, largely at FY2023 base levels, resolution (CR) to fund federal government agencies in FY2024, largely at FY2023 base levels,
until November 17, 2023. The CR also extended certain SFOPS funding that had been provided until November 17, 2023. The CR also extended certain SFOPS funding that had been provided
in Division M of P.L. 117-328, the Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023.14 On November 15, Congress enacted P.L. 118-22, a CR to fund certain federal agencies—
9 U.S. Department of State, 9 U.S. Department of State, FY2024 Congressional Budget Justification, p. 100. , p. 100.
10 The $7.1 billion includes $634 million for U.S. Postal Service services. Compact assistance is distinct from USAID 10 The $7.1 billion includes $634 million for U.S. Postal Service services. Compact assistance is distinct from USAID
program assistance. program assistance.
11 The White House, “Indo-Pacific Strategy of the United States,” February 2022, at https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp- 11 The White House, “Indo-Pacific Strategy of the United States,” February 2022, at https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-
content/uploads/2022/02/U.S.-Indo-Pacific-Strategy.pdf. content/uploads/2022/02/U.S.-Indo-Pacific-Strategy.pdf.
12 U.S. Department of State, 12 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 179. , p. 179.
13 For further information on the Compacts of Free Association, see CRS In Focus IF12194, The Compacts of Free 13 For further information on the Compacts of Free Association, see CRS In Focus IF12194, The Compacts of Free
AssociationAssociation, by Thomas Lum, and CRS Report R46573, The Freely Associated States and Issues for Congress, and CRS Report R46573, The Freely Associated States and Issues for Congress. 14 For more details on P.L. 118-15, see CRS Report R47749, Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2024 (Division A of P.L. 118-15), by Drew C. Aherne. .
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~~in Division M of P.L. 117-328, the Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023.14~~
~~On November 15, Congress enacted P.L. 118-22, a CR to fund certain federal agencies—~~
~~including those funded through SFOPS—through February 2~~including those funded through SFOPS—through February 2, 2024. On January 19, Congress approved and the President signed another CR, P.L. 118-35, which extends funding for SFOPS accounts, among others, through March 8, 2024. , 2024.
State Department Operations and Related Agency
Funding Highlights
The Biden Administration’s FY2024 base (nonemergency) request sought $18.84 billion in The Biden Administration’s FY2024 base (nonemergency) request sought $18.84 billion in
funding for the State Department and Related Agency appropriations accounts. This request funding for the State Department and Related Agency appropriations accounts. This request
comprised an increase of 8.4% from the FY2023 enacted base funding Congress provided. The comprised an increase of 8.4% from the FY2023 enacted base funding Congress provided. The
Administration’s August 2023 and November 2023 emergency supplemental funding requests Administration’s August 2023 and November 2023 emergency supplemental funding requests
included a combined $319.20 million for these accounts, bringing the total FY2024 request to included a combined $319.20 million for these accounts, bringing the total FY2024 request to
$19.20 billion, or 9.3% more than the FY2023 total enacted funding (including FY2023 $19.20 billion, or 9.3% more than the FY2023 total enacted funding (including FY2023
emergency supplemental funding). In its base funding request, the Biden Administration emergency supplemental funding). In its base funding request, the Biden Administration
identified several key priorities it intended to fund through the State Department and Related identified several key priorities it intended to fund through the State Department and Related
Agency accounts in FY2024, including Agency accounts in FY2024, including
• implementing its Indo-Pacific Strategy, including by strengthening U.S. • implementing its Indo-Pacific Strategy, including by strengthening U.S.
engagement in the region and expanding the U.S. diplomatic presence; engagement in the region and expanding the U.S. diplomatic presence;
• investing in the State Department’s workforce through building professional • investing in the State Department’s workforce through building professional
expertise and training capacity in areas critical to U.S. national security such as expertise and training capacity in areas critical to U.S. national security such as
cyberspace and emerging technologies, and climate and clean energy; cyberspace and emerging technologies, and climate and clean energy;
• ensuring the safety and security of U.S. personnel and facilities overseas while • ensuring the safety and security of U.S. personnel and facilities overseas while
enabling robust, on-the-ground diplomatic engagement; enabling robust, on-the-ground diplomatic engagement;
• fulfilling U.S. commitments to Afghan partners who served alongside the United • fulfilling U.S. commitments to Afghan partners who served alongside the United
States in Afghanistan (see the States in Afghanistan (see the text box below); and below); and
• renewing U.S. leadership in multilateral diplomacy through paying U.S. assessed • renewing U.S. leadership in multilateral diplomacy through paying U.S. assessed
contributions (membership dues) and arrears (overdue assessed contributions) to contributions (membership dues) and arrears (overdue assessed contributions) to
international organizations and international peacekeeping missions.15 international organizations and international peacekeeping missions.15
Enduring Welcome Account
The State Department is leading a whole-of-government effort known as “Enduring Welcome” that seeks to The State Department is leading a whole-of-government effort known as “Enduring Welcome” that seeks to
“expeditiously process the applications of our Afghan allies, such as Afghan Special Immigrant Visa (SIV) candidates, “expeditiously process the applications of our Afghan allies, such as Afghan Special Immigrant Visa (SIV) candidates,
and family reunification cases, and welcome them to the United States—while simultaneously safeguarding national and family reunification cases, and welcome them to the United States—while simultaneously safeguarding national
security.”16 During FY2023, the State Department assumed new responsibilities in this effort, including establishing security.”16 During FY2023, the State Department assumed new responsibilities in this effort, including establishing
and managing overseas civilian processing sites to adjudicate the applications of Afghans potentially eligible for U.S. and managing overseas civilian processing sites to adjudicate the applications of Afghans potentially eligible for U.S.
immigration benefits. As part of the FY2024 request, the Biden Administration asked Congress to create a new immigration benefits. As part of the FY2024 request, the Biden Administration asked Congress to create a new
Enduring Welcome appropriations account to consolidate funds Congress previously appropriated to support Enduring Welcome appropriations account to consolidate funds Congress previously appropriated to support
Afghan allies, including funds transferred by the Department of Defense to the State Department. The Biden Afghan allies, including funds transferred by the Department of Defense to the State Department. The Biden
Administration did not request any new funding for this account for FY2024. Administration did not request any new funding for this account for FY2024.

~~14 For more details on P.L. 118-15, see CRS Report R47749,~~ ~~Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2024~~
~~(Division A of P.L. 118-15), by Drew C. Aherne.~~
House Legislation. H.R. 4665 would provide $14.53 billion for the State Department and Related Agency appropriations accounts. This is about 16.4% less than the base funding Congress provided for these accounts in FY2023, 17.2% less than FY2023 total funding (including 15 U.S. Department of State, 15 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification Appendix 1: Department of State Diplomatic
Engagement, Fiscal Year 2024, pp. v-viii; U.S. Department of State, , pp. v-viii; U.S. Department of State, FY2024 Budget Request, slide presentation, March , slide presentation, March
8, 2023, p. 75. 8, 2023, p. 75.
16 U.S. Department of State, 16 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification Appendix 1, p. 78. , p. 78.
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House Legislation. H.R. 4665 would provide $14.53 billion for the State Department and
~~Related Agency appropriations accounts. This is about 16.4% less than the base funding Congress~~
~~provided for these accounts in FY2023, 17.2% less than FY2023 total funding (including~~
emergency funds), and 22.9% less than the Biden Administration’s FY2024 base request. The emergency funds), and 22.9% less than the Biden Administration’s FY2024 base request. The
committee report accompanying this bill notes that the committee seeks to reduce spending and committee report accompanying this bill notes that the committee seeks to reduce spending and
prioritize funding for “operations, programs, and activities that have demonstrated results and are prioritize funding for “operations, programs, and activities that have demonstrated results and are
important to United States national security” given expanding fiscal deficits.17 Priorities the report important to United States national security” given expanding fiscal deficits.17 Priorities the report
identifies within the State Department and Related Agency appropriations accounts include identifies within the State Department and Related Agency appropriations accounts include
funding the State Department’s Office of Inspector General, addressing the passport backlog (see funding the State Department’s Office of Inspector General, addressing the passport backlog (see
the the text box below), fully resourcing the Indo-Pacific Strategy, and increasing U.S. engagement below), fully resourcing the Indo-Pacific Strategy, and increasing U.S. engagement
on commercial diplomacy matters.18 H.R. 4665 does not include the authority the Biden on commercial diplomacy matters.18 H.R. 4665 does not include the authority the Biden
Administration requested to establish the Enduring Welcome account. Administration requested to establish the Enduring Welcome account.
2023 Passport Surge19
The State Department’s published processing times for routine passport applications increased from six to nine The State Department’s published processing times for routine passport applications increased from six to nine
weeks in January 2023 to 10-13 weeks by March. As of November 2023, the State Department had reduced weeks in January 2023 to 10-13 weeks by March. As of November 2023, the State Department had reduced
routine application processing times to 7-10 weeks.20 Several Members of Congress raised concerns about longer routine application processing times to 7-10 weeks.20 Several Members of Congress raised concerns about longer
processing times prior to November 2023, stating that processing delays were affecting constituent travel plans processing times prior to November 2023, stating that processing delays were affecting constituent travel plans
and causing an influx of passport-related constituent inquiries to congressional offices.21 Although passport and causing an influx of passport-related constituent inquiries to congressional offices.21 Although passport
services are typically funded through State Department consular fee col ections rather than appropriations, the services are typically funded through State Department consular fee col ections rather than appropriations, the
House bil , H.R. 4665, seeks to address the passport surge by authorizing the State Department to use funds House bil , H.R. 4665, seeks to address the passport surge by authorizing the State Department to use funds
appropriated for the Diplomatic Programs account to address the passport backlog and allowing the State appropriated for the Diplomatic Programs account to address the passport backlog and allowing the State
Department to spend additional fee col ections on passport services.22 S. 2438, the Senate committee measure, Department to spend additional fee col ections on passport services.22 S. 2438, the Senate committee measure,
includes no such provisions. The Senate committee report notes that the State Department’s anticipated passport includes no such provisions. The Senate committee report notes that the State Department’s anticipated passport
and visa fee revenue exceeded consular spending projections. The report directs the State Department to use and visa fee revenue exceeded consular spending projections. The report directs the State Department to use
excess revenue to support expedited passport processing.23excess revenue to support expedited passport processing.23
Senate Legislation. The Senate Appropriations Committee’s SFOPS bill, S. 2438, would The Senate Appropriations Committee’s SFOPS bill, S. 2438, would
appropriate $17.96 billion for the State Department and Related Agency accounts. This overall appropriate $17.96 billion for the State Department and Related Agency accounts. This overall
funding level comprises about 3.3% more than the base funding Congress provided in FY2023, funding level comprises about 3.3% more than the base funding Congress provided in FY2023,
2.4% more than FY2023 total funding (including emergency funds), and 4.7% less than the Biden 2.4% more than FY2023 total funding (including emergency funds), and 4.7% less than the Biden
Administration’s FY2024 base request. The committee report accompanying the bill indicates that Administration’s FY2024 base request. The committee report accompanying the bill indicates that
the bill’s priorities with respect to the State Department and Related Agency accounts include the bill’s priorities with respect to the State Department and Related Agency accounts include
increasing funding and support for the U.S. diplomatic workforce and meeting U.S. assessed dues increasing funding and support for the U.S. diplomatic workforce and meeting U.S. assessed dues
and commitments to international organizations.24 Similar to the House bill, the Senate committeeand commitments to international organizations.24 Similar to the House bill, the Senate committee bill also prioritizes funding the Administration’s Indo-Pacific Strategy.25 Among the areas where the Senate committee bill differs from the House measure is the Enduring Welcome account to

17 U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, 17 U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
Appropriations Bill, 2024, report to accompany H.R. 4665, 118th Cong., 1st sess., H.Rept. 118-146, (Washington, DC: , report to accompany H.R. 4665, 118th Cong., 1st sess., H.Rept. 118-146, (Washington, DC:
GPO, 2023), p. 3. GPO, 2023), p. 3.
18 Ibid., pp. 4-6. 18 Ibid., pp. 4-6.
19 For additional information regarding the 2023 passport surge, see CRS In Focus IF12466, 19 For additional information regarding the 2023 passport surge, see CRS In Focus IF12466, State Department Passport
Services: Background and Issues for Congress, by Cory R. Gill. , by Cory R. Gill.
20 State Department, “Important Updates on Passport Processing,” November 6, 2023. 20 State Department, “Important Updates on Passport Processing,” November 6, 2023.
21 Letter from Representatives Nikema Williams, Jasmine Crockett, María Elvira Salazar, et. al. to Rena Bitter, 21 Letter from Representatives Nikema Williams, Jasmine Crockett, María Elvira Salazar, et. al. to Rena Bitter,
Assistant Secretary of State for Consular Affairs, May 16, 2023. Assistant Secretary of State for Consular Affairs, May 16, 2023.
~~administrator of OMB’s Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, to Jeffrey Holmstead, EPA assistant~~
~~administrator, September 24, 2001.~~
22 See the “Diplomatic Programs” and “Consular and Border Security Programs” headings of Title I of H.R. 4665. 22 See the “Diplomatic Programs” and “Consular and Border Security Programs” headings of Title I of H.R. 4665.
23 U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Appropriations, 23 U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Appropriations, Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related
Programs Appropriations Bill, 2024, report to accompany S. 2438, 118th Cong., 1st sess., S.Rept. 118-71, (Washington, , report to accompany S. 2438, 118th Cong., 1st sess., S.Rept. 118-71, (Washington,
DC: GPO, 2023), p. 17. DC: GPO, 2023), p. 17.
24 Ibid., p. 6. 24 Ibid., p. 6.
25 Ibid., p. 6. Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

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~~bill also prioritizes funding the Administration’s Indo-Pacific Strategy.25 Among the areas where~~
~~the Senate committee bill differs from the House measure is the Enduring Welcome account to~~
support and process Afghans seeking to resettle in the United States, for which only the Senate support and process Afghans seeking to resettle in the United States, for which only the Senate
bill includes authority comparable to what the Administration requested to create this account.26 bill includes authority comparable to what the Administration requested to create this account.26
Table 2. State Department and Related Agency: Selected Accounts and Total,
FY2022-FY2024 Request
(In millions of current U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals (In millions of current U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals
designated as emergency funds) designated as emergency funds)

% Change % Change

FY2024
FY2024
Base
Total

~~Request~~
~~Request~~

Request Request
from
from
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
FY2023
FY2023
FY2024
FY2024
Account
Actuala
Enactedb
Request
Base
Total
House
Senate
Diplomatic Diplomatic
9,638.87 9,638.87
9,610.21 9,610.21
10,698.05 10,698.05
+10.3% +10.3%
+11.3% +11.3%
8,506.12 8,506.12
9,752.26 9,752.26
Programs Programs
(346.73) (346.73)
(147.05) (147.05)
(264.20) (264.20)
Worldwide
3,788.20
3,813.71
4,166.17
+6.6%
+6.6%
4,066.17
3,863.71
Security
(100.00)
Protection
Embassy Embassy
2,093.15 2,093.15
1,957.82 1,957.82
2,013.18 2,013.18
+2.8% +2.8%
+2.8% +2.8%
2,013.18 2,013.18
2,013.18 2,013.18
Security, Security,
(110.00) (110.00)
Construction Construction
& &
Maintenance Maintenance
Educational & Educational &
763.15 763.15
777.50 777.50
783.72 783.72
+0.8% +0.8%
+0.8% +0.8%
700.95 700.95
779.54 779.54
Cultural Cultural
(9.40) (9.40)
Exchange Exchange
Programs Programs
Int’l Orgs Int’l Orgs
3,161.44 3,161.44
2,919.92 2,919.92
3,644.58 3,644.58
+24.8% +24.8%
+24.8% +24.8%
847.39 847.39
3,104.74 3,104.74
U.S. Agency U.S. Agency
885.00 885.00
884.70 884.70
944.00 944.00
+6.7% +6.7%
+6.7% +6.7%
807.90 807.90
904.70 904.70
for Global for Global
(25.00) (25.00)
Media Media
State Dept.
18,178.74
17,541.42
19,164.05
+8.4%
+9.3%
14,532.11
17,961.72
and Related
(851.20)
(152.55)
(319.20)
Agency
Totalc
~~Source~~Sources: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328; H.R. SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328; H.R.
4665; S. 2438. 4665; S. 2438.
Notes: Percentage changes may not reflect numbers included in this table due to rounding. Percentage changes may not reflect numbers included in this table due to rounding.
a. Totals include emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-43, P.L. 117-70, Division N of P.L. 117-103, and a. Totals include emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-43, P.L. 117-70, Division N of P.L. 117-103, and
P.L. 117-128. P.L. 117-128.
b. Totals include emergency supplemental funds from Division M of P.L. 117-328. b. Totals include emergency supplemental funds from Division M of P.L. 117-328.
c. State Department and Related Agency totals include additional funding for accounts not listed above. For all c. State Department and Related Agency totals include additional funding for accounts not listed above. For all
State Department and Related Agency accounts, s State Department and Related Agency accounts, see Table A-1.

~~25 Ibid., p. 6.~~
Diplomatic Programs The Diplomatic Programs account is the State Department’s principal operating appropriation and funds several programs and functions, including 26 Section 7072 of S. 2438. 26 Section 7072 of S. 2438.
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~~Diplomatic Programs~~
~~The Diplomatic Programs account is the State Department’s principal operating appropriation and~~
~~funds several programs and functions, including~~
• most domestic and overseas Foreign Service and Civil Service personnel salaries; • most domestic and overseas Foreign Service and Civil Service personnel salaries;
• the State Department’s recruitment, training, and diversity, equity, inclusion, and • the State Department’s recruitment, training, and diversity, equity, inclusion, and
accessibility (DEIA) programs; accessibility (DEIA) programs;
• public diplomacy programs; • public diplomacy programs;
• operating costs at U.S. overseas posts, including embassies and consulates; and • operating costs at U.S. overseas posts, including embassies and consulates; and
• the operations and programs of the State Department’s strategic and managerial • the operations and programs of the State Department’s strategic and managerial
units, including the Bureaus of Budget and Planning and Legislative Affairs.27 units, including the Bureaus of Budget and Planning and Legislative Affairs.27
The Biden Administration’s FY2024 Diplomatic Programs request totaled $10.70 billion, or about The Biden Administration’s FY2024 Diplomatic Programs request totaled $10.70 billion, or about
11.3% more than the $9.61 billion Congress appropriated in FY2023 (including all base and 11.3% more than the $9.61 billion Congress appropriated in FY2023 (including all base and
emergency funding). As it did in its previous two budget requests, the Administration called on emergency funding). As it did in its previous two budget requests, the Administration called on
Congress to make the entirety of the base request for this account (with the exception of the Congress to make the entirety of the base request for this account (with the exception of the
Worldwide Security Protection, or WSP, component, which Congress generally makes available Worldwide Security Protection, or WSP, component, which Congress generally makes available
until expended) available for expenditure for two fiscal years (also known as “two-year until expended) available for expenditure for two fiscal years (also known as “two-year
funding”). In previous years, Congress made about 15% of the base appropriation (excluding funding”). In previous years, Congress made about 15% of the base appropriation (excluding
WSP and supplemental funding) available for two fiscal years, with budget authority for the WSP and supplemental funding) available for two fiscal years, with budget authority for the
remainder of the funds expiring at the end of the fiscal year for which they were appropriated. In remainder of the funds expiring at the end of the fiscal year for which they were appropriated. In
the FY2024 budget request, the Biden Administration asserted that broader provision of two-year the FY2024 budget request, the Biden Administration asserted that broader provision of two-year
availability would provide it “greater flexibility,” while also resulting in “streamline[d] funding availability would provide it “greater flexibility,” while also resulting in “streamline[d] funding
execution during the second year of availability.”28 execution during the second year of availability.”28
The Biden Administration’s base request built upon its efforts to strengthen the State The Biden Administration’s base request built upon its efforts to strengthen the State
Department’s workforce, including through implementing Secretary Blinken’s Modernization Department’s workforce, including through implementing Secretary Blinken’s Modernization
Agenda (see the Agenda (see the text box below). It sought funding for an additional 515 Foreign Service and below). It sought funding for an additional 515 Foreign Service and
Civil Service positions, 462 of which the Administration planned to fund through Diplomatic Civil Service positions, 462 of which the Administration planned to fund through Diplomatic
Programs and other State Department and Related Agency accounts.29 The Biden Administration Programs and other State Department and Related Agency accounts.29 The Biden Administration
indicated that these new positions would focus on advancing State Department priorities, indicated that these new positions would focus on advancing State Department priorities,
including increasing passport and visa processing capacity (204 positions), implementing the including increasing passport and visa processing capacity (204 positions), implementing the
Indo-Pacific Strategy (56 positions), and conducting oversight of U.S. foreign assistance (53 Indo-Pacific Strategy (56 positions), and conducting oversight of U.S. foreign assistance (53
positions). The request further called for an additional 50 positions to expand the State positions). The request further called for an additional 50 positions to expand the State
Department’s Professional Development and Training Float (“training float,” or component of Department’s Professional Development and Training Float (“training float,” or component of
employees participating in training and professional development programs rather than serving in employees participating in training and professional development programs rather than serving in
policy assignments).30 The State Department espoused the training float as a key element of the policy assignments).30 The State Department espoused the training float as a key element of the
Modernization Agenda, asserting that it would provide department personnel with additional Modernization Agenda, asserting that it would provide department personnel with additional
professional development opportunities to build requisite skills to address contemporary foreign professional development opportunities to build requisite skills to address contemporary foreign
policy challenges without understaffing bureaus and sacrificing readiness.31 policy challenges without understaffing bureaus and sacrificing readiness.31

27 Ibid., 27 Ibid., pp. 94-106. pp. 94-106.
28 Ibid., p. 95 28 Ibid., p. 95
29 Ibid., pp. 15-16. 29 Ibid., pp. 15-16.
30 U.S. Department of State, 30 U.S. Department of State, FY2024 Budget Request, slide presentation, p. 82. , slide presentation, p. 82.
31 U.S. Department of State, 31 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification Appendix 1, p. 8. , p. 8.
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Modernization Agenda
Launched by Secretary Blinken in October 2021, the Modernization Agenda sought to position the State Launched by Secretary Blinken in October 2021, the Modernization Agenda sought to position the State
Department to meet contemporary foreign policy challenges and ensure that it was “strong, effective, diverse, and Department to meet contemporary foreign policy challenges and ensure that it was “strong, effective, diverse, and
flexible enough to lead America’s engagement in the world.”32 The State Department’s FY2024 base budget flexible enough to lead America’s engagement in the world.”32 The State Department’s FY2024 base budget
request identified the fol owing lines of effort for which it requested funding through Diplomatic Programs and request identified the fol owing lines of effort for which it requested funding through Diplomatic Programs and
other appropriations accounts to advance the Modernization Agenda. other appropriations accounts to advance the Modernization Agenda.
• •
Strengthening and Empowering the Workforce through updated recruitment, hiring, and retention practices to through updated recruitment, hiring, and retention practices to
effectively compete with the private sector for talent, along with increasing personnel expertise in foreign effectively compete with the private sector for talent, along with increasing personnel expertise in foreign
policy issues such as climate change and global health and strengthening the department’s diversity, equity, policy issues such as climate change and global health and strengthening the department’s diversity, equity,
inclusion, and accessibility programming. inclusion, and accessibility programming.
• •
IT Modernization and Cybersecurity, for which the Administration requested approximately $3.0 bil ion in , for which the Administration requested approximately $3.0 bil ion in
FY2024 across various appropriations accounts, to fund priorities including implementing Zero Trust FY2024 across various appropriations accounts, to fund priorities including implementing Zero Trust
Architecture across the department’s information technology (IT) enterprise, providing streamlined and Architecture across the department’s information technology (IT) enterprise, providing streamlined and
secure cloud services, and leveraging special incentive pay to recruit and retain qualified, talented IT secure cloud services, and leveraging special incentive pay to recruit and retain qualified, talented IT
professionals.33 professionals.33
• •
Delivering Equitable and Effective Services for all Americans, for which the budget includes $258.60 mil ion, , for which the budget includes $258.60 mil ion,
including through improving and streamlining passport services.34 including through improving and streamlining passport services.34
The Biden Administration also asked for $76.2 million to further expand its diversity, equity, The Biden Administration also asked for $76.2 million to further expand its diversity, equity,
inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) programming in support of several executive orders President inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) programming in support of several executive orders President
Biden issued that were intended to advance DEIA in the federal workforce. This request exceeded Biden issued that were intended to advance DEIA in the federal workforce. This request exceeded
the FY2023 funding level by 5.9%.35 Among the priorities the Administration highlighted in its the FY2023 funding level by 5.9%.35 Among the priorities the Administration highlighted in its
request were expanding the recruitment and retention of personnel from varied backgrounds, request were expanding the recruitment and retention of personnel from varied backgrounds,
continuing the department’s paid internship program, providing workforce training on DEIA-continuing the department’s paid internship program, providing workforce training on DEIA-
related issues, promoting a workplace free of discrimination and harassment, and increasing related issues, promoting a workplace free of discrimination and harassment, and increasing
support for persons with disabilities who qualify for overseas employment.36 support for persons with disabilities who qualify for overseas employment.36
House Legislation. The House bill, H.R. 4665, would provide about $8.51 billion for the The House bill, H.R. 4665, would provide about $8.51 billion for the
Diplomatic Programs account, or 11.5% less than the FY2023 enacted total (including emergency Diplomatic Programs account, or 11.5% less than the FY2023 enacted total (including emergency
funding) and 18.5% less than the Biden Administration’s FY2024 base request. This bill does not funding) and 18.5% less than the Biden Administration’s FY2024 base request. This bill does not
implement the Administration’s request that the entirety of this appropriation (excluding WSP) be implement the Administration’s request that the entirety of this appropriation (excluding WSP) be
made available for expenditure for two fiscal years, instead making about 15% of such funding made available for expenditure for two fiscal years, instead making about 15% of such funding
available for that duration. The House bill does not directly address the Administration’s broader available for that duration. The House bill does not directly address the Administration’s broader
request to increase the size of the Foreign Service and Civil Service. While the bill’s provision of request to increase the size of the Foreign Service and Civil Service. While the bill’s provision of
less overall funding for Diplomatic Programs than the Administration requested may preclude the less overall funding for Diplomatic Programs than the Administration requested may preclude the
Administration from implementing all of its requested position increases, the bill would fund new Administration from implementing all of its requested position increases, the bill would fund new
positions the Administration requested to implement the Indo-Pacific Strategy and also includes positions the Administration requested to implement the Indo-Pacific Strategy and also includes
funding for additional personnel for the Bureau of Legislative Affairs.37 Additionally, the bill funding for additional personnel for the Bureau of Legislative Affairs.37 Additionally, the bill
includes provisions that may affect DEIA programming. Such provisions include a measure that, includes provisions that may affect DEIA programming. Such provisions include a measure that,

32 State Department, 32 State Department, Fiscal Year 2022 Agency Financial Report: Data Informed Diplomacy, p. 116. , p. 116.
33 Zero-trust architecture moves away from protecting the boundary of an IT network and toward limiting access within 33 Zero-trust architecture moves away from protecting the boundary of an IT network and toward limiting access within
a network and continually assessing whether or not a presented user is authorized to access a particular resource. Zero a network and continually assessing whether or not a presented user is authorized to access a particular resource. Zero
trust shifts security focus from the location of the system to the data or resource being accessed by the individual user trust shifts security focus from the location of the system to the data or resource being accessed by the individual user
regardless of its place. This philosophy inherently shifts the presumption that users and devices on a network are vetted regardless of its place. This philosophy inherently shifts the presumption that users and devices on a network are vetted
to one that views users and devices as suspicious and requiring constant verification. For additional information, see to one that views users and devices as suspicious and requiring constant verification. For additional information, see
CRS Report R46926, CRS Report R46926, Federal Cybersecurity: Background and Issues for Congress, by Chris Jaikaran. , by Chris Jaikaran.
34 U.S. Department of State, 34 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification Appendix 1, pp. 7-11. , pp. 7-11.
35 Ibid., p. 70. 35 Ibid., p. 70.
36 Ibid., pp. 67-68. 36 Ibid., pp. 67-68.
37 Ibid., pp. 75-77; House Committee on Appropriations, 37 Ibid., pp. 75-77; House Committee on Appropriations, State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
Appropriations Bill, 2024, p. 104; Section 7064(d)(5) of H.R. 4665. , p. 104; Section 7064(d)(5) of H.R. 4665.
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if enacted, would prohibit the use of funds “to implement, administer, apply, enforce, or carry if enacted, would prohibit the use of funds “to implement, administer, apply, enforce, or carry
out” executive orders President Biden issued that are related to, as described in such orders, out” executive orders President Biden issued that are related to, as described in such orders,
“advancing racial equity and support for underserved communities through the Federal “advancing racial equity and support for underserved communities through the Federal
Government” and “diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility in the Federal workforce.”38 The Government” and “diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility in the Federal workforce.”38 The
House committee report endorses some programs intended to increase the number of persons House committee report endorses some programs intended to increase the number of persons
from underrepresented groups in the State Department’s workforce, including the Thomas R. from underrepresented groups in the State Department’s workforce, including the Thomas R.
Pickering Foreign Affairs Fellowship and the Charles B. Rangel International Affairs Program.39 Pickering Foreign Affairs Fellowship and the Charles B. Rangel International Affairs Program.39
Senate Legislation. S. 2438, the Senate committee bill, includes $9.75 billion for the Diplomatic S. 2438, the Senate committee bill, includes $9.75 billion for the Diplomatic
Programs account. This comprises 1.5% more than the total funding Congress appropriated for Programs account. This comprises 1.5% more than the total funding Congress appropriated for
this account in FY2023 and 6.5% less than the Biden Administration’s base request for FY2024 this account in FY2023 and 6.5% less than the Biden Administration’s base request for FY2024
funding. Similar to the House bill, the Senate committee bill would make about 15% of the non-funding. Similar to the House bill, the Senate committee bill would make about 15% of the non-
WSP Diplomatic Programs appropriation available for two fiscal years, rather than the entirety of WSP Diplomatic Programs appropriation available for two fiscal years, rather than the entirety of
such appropriation as requested by the Administration. While the Senate committee bill includes such appropriation as requested by the Administration. While the Senate committee bill includes
less overall funding for Diplomatic Programs than the Administration requested, the committee less overall funding for Diplomatic Programs than the Administration requested, the committee
report says the bill is intended to support “current staffing levels and human resources report says the bill is intended to support “current staffing levels and human resources
initiatives,” including the training float.40 The bill also includes funding to increase the number of initiatives,” including the training float.40 The bill also includes funding to increase the number of
personnel assigned to Pacific Islands countries and expand the U.S. diplomatic presence there.41 personnel assigned to Pacific Islands countries and expand the U.S. diplomatic presence there.41
While the bill does not specify a topline funding level for DEIA programs, the committee report While the bill does not specify a topline funding level for DEIA programs, the committee report
notes that the bill includes funding for the State Department to implement its DEIA strategic plan notes that the bill includes funding for the State Department to implement its DEIA strategic plan
through means such as workforce training, modernizing recruitment and retention practices, and through means such as workforce training, modernizing recruitment and retention practices, and
maintaining paid internships. The committee report would further require the Secretary of State to maintaining paid internships. The committee report would further require the Secretary of State to
brief Congress on DEIA-related matters, including funding the State Department allocated for brief Congress on DEIA-related matters, including funding the State Department allocated for
DEIA programs.42 DEIA programs.42
Diplomatic Security
The WSP allocation within the Diplomatic Programs account and the Embassy Security, The WSP allocation within the Diplomatic Programs account and the Embassy Security,
Construction, and Maintenance (ESCM) account are often referred to as the SFOPS “diplomatic Construction, and Maintenance (ESCM) account are often referred to as the SFOPS “diplomatic
security accounts.” WSP serves as the primary operating appropriation for the Bureau of security accounts.” WSP serves as the primary operating appropriation for the Bureau of
Diplomatic Security (DS), which implements the State Department’s security programs to protect Diplomatic Security (DS), which implements the State Department’s security programs to protect
U.S. diplomatic personnel, embassies and other overseas posts, diplomatic residences, and U.S. diplomatic personnel, embassies and other overseas posts, diplomatic residences, and
domestic State Department offices. WSP also funds security and emergency response programs at domestic State Department offices. WSP also funds security and emergency response programs at
10 additional State Department bureaus, including the Bureaus of Information Resource 10 additional State Department bureaus, including the Bureaus of Information Resource
Management (which shares responsibility with DS for protecting the State Department’s Management (which shares responsibility with DS for protecting the State Department’s
information technology enterprise) and Medical Services (which provides routine and emergency information technology enterprise) and Medical Services (which provides routine and emergency
health services to U.S. government employees assigned abroad, including in high-threat, high-risk health services to U.S. government employees assigned abroad, including in high-threat, high-risk
environments).43 ESCM funds the Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations, which is responsible environments).43 ESCM funds the Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations, which is responsible

38 Section 7070(c) of H.R. 4665. 38 Section 7070(c) of H.R. 4665.
39 House Committee on Appropriations, 39 House Committee on Appropriations, State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2024, ,
p. 9. p. 9.
40 Senate Committee on Appropriations, 40 Senate Committee on Appropriations, Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
Appropriations Bill, 2024, p. 10. , p. 10.
41 Section 7043(f)(1) of S. 2438. 41 Section 7043(f)(1) of S. 2438.
42 Senate Committee on Appropriations, 42 Senate Committee on Appropriations, Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
Appropriations Bill, 2024, p. 13. , p. 13.
43 Ibid., pp. 378-393. 43 Ibid., pp. 378-393.
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for providing U.S. diplomatic and consular missions abroad with secure, safe, and functional for providing U.S. diplomatic and consular missions abroad with secure, safe, and functional
facilities.44 facilities.44
For FY2024, the Biden Administration requested $6.18 billion in base and emergency funding for For FY2024, the Biden Administration requested $6.18 billion in base and emergency funding for
the diplomatic security accounts: $4.17 billion for WSP and $2.01 billion for ESCM. This request the diplomatic security accounts: $4.17 billion for WSP and $2.01 billion for ESCM. This request
totaled 7.1% more than the total funding Congress appropriated for the diplomatic security totaled 7.1% more than the total funding Congress appropriated for the diplomatic security
accounts in FY2023 (seeaccounts in FY2023 (see Table 3). .
As part of its FY2024 WSP base request, the Biden Administration called for $747.4 million to As part of its FY2024 WSP base request, the Biden Administration called for $747.4 million to
support security operations in Iraq, including costs involved with local guard forces and armored support security operations in Iraq, including costs involved with local guard forces and armored
vehicle replacements. The Administration requested an additional $51.3 million to support similar vehicle replacements. The Administration requested an additional $51.3 million to support similar
programs to protect the U.S. Mission in Pakistan.45 The request further sought $42.7 million to programs to protect the U.S. Mission in Pakistan.45 The request further sought $42.7 million to
potentially resume a U.S. diplomatic presence in Libya, where the U.S. Embassy suspended potentially resume a U.S. diplomatic presence in Libya, where the U.S. Embassy suspended
operations in 2014.46 With regard to ESCM, the request included $980.8 million in State operations in 2014.46 With regard to ESCM, the request included $980.8 million in State
Department funding for the Capital Security Cost Sharing and Maintenance Cost Sharing Department funding for the Capital Security Cost Sharing and Maintenance Cost Sharing
Programs (CSCS/MCS), which fund the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of U.S. Programs (CSCS/MCS), which fund the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of U.S.
diplomatic posts. The Administration indicated that this sum, combined with proceeds from diplomatic posts. The Administration indicated that this sum, combined with proceeds from
consular fee collections and contributions from other agencies with personnel assigned abroad, consular fee collections and contributions from other agencies with personnel assigned abroad,
would provide $2.44 billion in funding for these programs. Among other priorities, the would provide $2.44 billion in funding for these programs. Among other priorities, the
Administration stated its intent to use these funds to meet construction and maintenance costs Administration stated its intent to use these funds to meet construction and maintenance costs
involved with new U.S. embassies in the Central African Republic, Kiribati, and Tonga.47 involved with new U.S. embassies in the Central African Republic, Kiribati, and Tonga.47
Table 3. Diplomatic Security Annual Appropriations, FY2022-FY2024
(In millions of current U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals (In millions of current U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals
designated as emergency funds) designated as emergency funds)
% Change % Change
FY2024
FY2024
Base
Total
Request
Request
from
from
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
FY2023
FY2023
FY2024
FY2024
Account
Actuala
Enacted
Request
Base
Total
House
Senate
Worldwide Security Protection Worldwide Security Protection
3,788.20 3,788.20
3,813.71 3,813.71
4,166.17
+6.6% +6.6%
+9.2% +9.2%
4,066.17 4,066.17
3,863.71 3,863.71
(100.00)
Embassy Security, Construction, and Embassy Security, Construction, and
2,093.15 2,093.15
1,957.82 1,957.82
2,013.18 2,013.18
+2.8% +2.8%
+2.8% +2.8%
2,013.18 2,013.18
2,013.18 2,013.18
Maintenance Maintenance
(110.00) (110.00)
Diplomatic Security Total
5,881.35 5,771.53
6,179.35
+5.3%
+7.1%
6,079.35
5,876.89
(110.0)
~~Source~~Sources: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328; H.R. SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328; H.R.
4665; S. 2438. 4665; S. 2438.
Notes: Percentage changes may not reflect numbers included in this table due to rounding. Annual Percentage changes may not reflect numbers included in this table due to rounding. Annual
appropriations data do not reflect available carryover funds.48 appropriations data do not reflect available carryover funds.48
a. Totals include emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-128. a. Totals include emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-128.

44 Ibid., p. 395. 44 Ibid., p. 395.
45 Ibid., p. 382. 45 Ibid., p. 382.
46 Ibid., p. 380; CRS Report RL33142, 46 Ibid., p. 380; CRS Report RL33142, Libya: Transition and U.S. Policy, by Christopher M. Blanchard, p. 8. , by Christopher M. Blanchard, p. 8.
47 U.S. Department of State, 47 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification Appendix 1, pp. 397-398. , pp. 397-398.
48 Over the past several years, Congress provided no-year appropriations for both WSP and ESCM, thereby authorizing 48 Over the past several years, Congress provided no-year appropriations for both WSP and ESCM, thereby authorizing
the State Department to indefinitely retain appropriated funds beyond the fiscal year for which they were appropriated. the State Department to indefinitely retain appropriated funds beyond the fiscal year for which they were appropriated.
The department has carried over balances of unexpired, unobligated WSP and ESCM funds each year that it is The department has carried over balances of unexpired, unobligated WSP and ESCM funds each year that it is
authorized to obligate for purposes including multiyear construction projects and unexpected security contingencies. authorized to obligate for purposes including multiyear construction projects and unexpected security contingencies.
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House Legislation. A As Table 3 illustrates, H.R. 4665 would provide funding for both WSP and illustrates, H.R. 4665 would provide funding for both WSP and
ESCM at levels equal to the Biden Administration’s base request. The House bill does not include ESCM at levels equal to the Biden Administration’s base request. The House bill does not include
language endorsing the aforementioned WSP funding priorities the Biden Administration language endorsing the aforementioned WSP funding priorities the Biden Administration
emphasized in its request. However, the bill does not prohibit the Administration from funding emphasized in its request. However, the bill does not prohibit the Administration from funding
these programs. The committee report also notes that the bill would fund the State Department’s these programs. The committee report also notes that the bill would fund the State Department’s
contribution to the CSCS/MCS programs at the Administration-proposed total of $980.8 contribution to the CSCS/MCS programs at the Administration-proposed total of $980.8
million.49 The report further specifies that ESCM funding would be available for diplomatic million.49 The report further specifies that ESCM funding would be available for diplomatic
facilities in the Pacific Islands, including Kiribati and Tonga.50 facilities in the Pacific Islands, including Kiribati and Tonga.50
Senate Legislation. The Senate committee bill, S. 2438, includes $5.88 billion for the diplomatic The Senate committee bill, S. 2438, includes $5.88 billion for the diplomatic
security accounts, or 3.3% less than the Biden Administration’s FY2024 base request and 1.8% security accounts, or 3.3% less than the Biden Administration’s FY2024 base request and 1.8%
more than the FY2023 enacted figurmore than the FY2023 enacted figure. Table 3 indicates that while the Senate bill’s ESCM indicates that while the Senate bill’s ESCM
funding level is equal to the Administration’s request, the bill includes 5.0% less than the funding level is equal to the Administration’s request, the bill includes 5.0% less than the
Administration requested for WSP base funding. Like the House bill, the Senate measure neither Administration requested for WSP base funding. Like the House bill, the Senate measure neither
directly addresses the Biden Administration’s stated WSP funding priorities nor precludes the directly addresses the Biden Administration’s stated WSP funding priorities nor precludes the
Administration from advancing such priorities. The Senate committee report requires the Administration from advancing such priorities. The Senate committee report requires the
Secretary of State to share information with Congress on selected programs funded through WSP, Secretary of State to share information with Congress on selected programs funded through WSP,
including the development and deployment of counter-unmanned aerial systems to address the including the development and deployment of counter-unmanned aerial systems to address the
growing threat the report said such systems posed to U.S. diplomatic facilities abroad.51 As with growing threat the report said such systems posed to U.S. diplomatic facilities abroad.51 As with
both the Administration’s request and the House measure, the Senate committee bill would both the Administration’s request and the House measure, the Senate committee bill would
provide $980.8 million for the CSCS/MCS Programs.52 The bill also includes language restricting provide $980.8 million for the CSCS/MCS Programs.52 The bill also includes language restricting
funding for new diplomatic facility construction projects detailed in the State Department’s funding for new diplomatic facility construction projects detailed in the State Department’s
FY2024 budget justification materials to “not more than 90 percent of the amount justified” for FY2024 budget justification materials to “not more than 90 percent of the amount justified” for
each such project. This language further instructs the State Department to apply resulting savings each such project. This language further instructs the State Department to apply resulting savings
to other construction projects, including backlogged maintenance projects.53 to other construction projects, including backlogged maintenance projects.53
Assessed Contributions to International Organizations and
Peacekeeping Missions
The Contributions to International Organizations (CIO) account is the funding vehicle for the The Contributions to International Organizations (CIO) account is the funding vehicle for the
United States’ payments of its annual assessed contributions (membership dues) to 43 United States’ payments of its annual assessed contributions (membership dues) to 43
international organizations. These include the United Nations (U.N.) and organizations in the international organizations. These include the United Nations (U.N.) and organizations in the
U.N. system (such as the World Health Organization, or WHO, and the Food and Agriculture U.N. system (such as the World Health Organization, or WHO, and the Food and Agriculture
Organization, or FAO) and regional organizations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Organization, or FAO) and regional organizations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO).54 Separately, the United States pays its assessed contributions to 10 U.N. peacekeeping (NATO).54 Separately, the United States pays its assessed contributions to 10 U.N. peacekeeping
missions through the Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities (CIPA) account.55 missions through the Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities (CIPA) account.55
The United States provides additional funding to international organizations through various The United States provides additional funding to international organizations through various
SFOPS humanitarian and multilateral assistance accounts. SFOPS humanitarian and multilateral assistance accounts.

49 House Committee on Appropriations, 49 House Committee on Appropriations, State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2024, ,
p. 21. p. 21.
50 Ibid., p. 22. 50 Ibid., p. 22.
51 Senate Committee on Appropriations, 51 Senate Committee on Appropriations, Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
Appropriations Bill, 2024, p. 12. , p. 12.
52 Ibid., p. 24. 52 Ibid., p. 24.
53 Ibid., pp. 24-25 and “Embassy Security, Construction, and Maintenance” heading of S. 2438. 53 Ibid., pp. 24-25 and “Embassy Security, Construction, and Maintenance” heading of S. 2438.
54 U.S. Department of State, 54 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification Appendix 1, p. 442. , p. 442.
55 Ibid., p. 483. 55 Ibid., p. 483.
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The Biden Administration’s FY2024 request for these accounts totaled a combined $3.64 billion. The Biden Administration’s FY2024 request for these accounts totaled a combined $3.64 billion.
The request exceeded the FY2023 funding level for these accounts by 24.8%The request exceeded the FY2023 funding level for these accounts by 24.8%. Table 4 illustrates illustrates
recent funding for each account. recent funding for each account.
Table 4. U.S. Payments of Assessments to International Organizations and
Peacekeeping Missions, FY2022-FY2024
(In millions of current U.S. dollars) (In millions of current U.S. dollars)
%
%
Change
Change
FY2024
FY2024
Request
Request
from
from
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
FY2023
FY2023
FY2024
FY2024
Account
Actual
Enacted
Request
Base
Total
House
Senate
Contributions to International Contributions to International
1,662.93 1,662.93
1,438.00 1,438.00
1,703.88 1,703.88
+18.5% +18.5%
+18.5% +18.5%
245.80 245.80
1,622.83 1,622.83
Organizations Organizations
Contributions for International Contributions for International
1,498.51 1,498.51
1,481.92 1,481.92
1,940.70 1,940.70
+31.0% +31.0%
+31.0% +31.0%
601.59 601.59
1,481.92 1,481.92
Peacekeeping Activities Peacekeeping Activities
Total
3,161.44
2,919.92 3,644.58
+24.8%
+24.8%
847.39
3,104.74
Sources: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-328; H.R. 4665; S. 2438; SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-328; H.R. 4665; S. 2438;
CRS calculations. CRS calculations.
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding. Totals may not add due to rounding.
Among other priorities, the Biden Administration’s CIO request sought $150 million to pay both Among other priorities, the Biden Administration’s CIO request sought $150 million to pay both
an annual assessment to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization an annual assessment to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO) and a share of the $612 million in accumulated U.S. arrears to UNESCO. The United (UNESCO) and a share of the $612 million in accumulated U.S. arrears to UNESCO. The United
States began accumulating these arrears in 2011, as UNESCO’s decision to grant membership as States began accumulating these arrears in 2011, as UNESCO’s decision to grant membership as
a state to the Palestinians that year triggered U.S. laws prohibiting funding U.N. entities that take a state to the Palestinians that year triggered U.S. laws prohibiting funding U.N. entities that take
such action. The United States later withdrew from UNESCO in 2018.56 Congress included a such action. The United States later withdrew from UNESCO in 2018.56 Congress included a
measure in the FY2023 SFOPS law authorizing the President to waive these provisions with measure in the FY2023 SFOPS law authorizing the President to waive these provisions with
respect to UNESCO should the President inform Congress that doing so would enable the United respect to UNESCO should the President inform Congress that doing so would enable the United
States to counter Chinese influence or promote other U.S. national interests.57 The States to counter Chinese influence or promote other U.S. national interests.57 The
Administration’s request noted that it intended to provide funding to UNESCO only if President Administration’s request noted that it intended to provide funding to UNESCO only if President
Biden exercised this waiver authority.58 Additionally, the request included $69.8 million for Biden exercised this waiver authority.58 Additionally, the request included $69.8 million for
NATO’s civil budget, which the Biden Administration said was necessary for NATO to maintain NATO’s civil budget, which the Biden Administration said was necessary for NATO to maintain
its “technological and operational edge” amid continued Russian and Chinese aggression, its “technological and operational edge” amid continued Russian and Chinese aggression,
cybersecurity challenges, and dangers associated with emerging and destructive technologies.59 cybersecurity challenges, and dangers associated with emerging and destructive technologies.59
With regard to CIPA, the Biden Administration stated that its FY2024 request would advance its With regard to CIPA, the Biden Administration stated that its FY2024 request would advance its
intention to fund the United States’ U.N. peacekeeping commitments at the current U.N.-assessed intention to fund the United States’ U.N. peacekeeping commitments at the current U.N.-assessed
rate of 26.94%. This assessment exceeds the enacted 25% cap on U.S. contributions Congress has rate of 26.94%. This assessment exceeds the enacted 25% cap on U.S. contributions Congress has

56 For additional detail, see CRS Insight IN10802, 56 For additional detail, see CRS Insight IN10802, U.S. Withdrawal from the United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), by Luisa Blanchfield. , by Luisa Blanchfield.
57 Section 7070 of the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2023 57 Section 7070 of the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2023
(Division K of P.L. 117-328). (Division K of P.L. 117-328).
58 U.S. Department of State, 58 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification Appendix 1, p. 443. , p. 443.
59 Ibid., p. 444. 59 Ibid., p. 444.
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kept in place since the 1990s due to Member concerns that assessed rates are too high.60 The kept in place since the 1990s due to Member concerns that assessed rates are too high.60 The
Administration also again requested language to authorize the State Department to pay assessed Administration also again requested language to authorize the State Department to pay assessed
contributions above the 25% statutory cap; Congress refrained from including such a measure in contributions above the 25% statutory cap; Congress refrained from including such a measure in
the FY2023 and FY2022 SFOPS appropriations laws despite the Administration’s request that it the FY2023 and FY2022 SFOPS appropriations laws despite the Administration’s request that it
do so.61 The FY2024 CIPA request further included $343.8 million to pay a share of the $1.1 do so.61 The FY2024 CIPA request further included $343.8 million to pay a share of the $1.1
billion in peacekeeping arrears that have accumulated since FY2017; the arrears stem from gaps billion in peacekeeping arrears that have accumulated since FY2017; the arrears stem from gaps
between the U.N. rate of assessment and the congressional cap.62 The Biden Administration noted between the U.N. rate of assessment and the congressional cap.62 The Biden Administration noted
that this request reflected its priority of paying its assessments in full, arguing that doing so would that this request reflected its priority of paying its assessments in full, arguing that doing so would
better enable the United States to use its influence to ensure peacekeeping missions had realistic better enable the United States to use its influence to ensure peacekeeping missions had realistic
and achievable mandates and were subject to clear performance and accountability standards.63 and achievable mandates and were subject to clear performance and accountability standards.63
House Legislation. H.R. 4665, the House bill, would provide a combined $847.39 million for H.R. 4665, the House bill, would provide a combined $847.39 million for
CIO and CIPA. This funding level is 71.0% below the FY2023 enacted figure and 76.7% below CIO and CIPA. This funding level is 71.0% below the FY2023 enacted figure and 76.7% below
the Biden Administration’s FY2024 request for these accounts (for more detail, sethe Biden Administration’s FY2024 request for these accounts (for more detail, see Table 4). The The
House committee report allocates the entirety of the $245.8 million CIO appropriation to six House committee report allocates the entirety of the $245.8 million CIO appropriation to six
international organizations.64 Such allocations included $69.8 million for NATO, which was equal international organizations.64 Such allocations included $69.8 million for NATO, which was equal
to the Biden Administration’s CIO request for that organization. The committee report states that to the Biden Administration’s CIO request for that organization. The committee report states that
it does not allocate funds for the payment of U.S. assessed contributions to the U.N. regular it does not allocate funds for the payment of U.S. assessed contributions to the U.N. regular
budget, the World Health Organization, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and budget, the World Health Organization, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development, or several other international organizations due to concerns regarding their Development, or several other international organizations due to concerns regarding their
programs, priorities, and management practices.65 With respect to CIPA, the House bill does not programs, priorities, and management practices.65 With respect to CIPA, the House bill does not
include the authority the Biden Administration requested to pay assessed contributions for U.N. include the authority the Biden Administration requested to pay assessed contributions for U.N.
peacekeeping missions in excess of the 25% statutory cap. The committee report directs the State peacekeeping missions in excess of the 25% statutory cap. The committee report directs the State
Department to prioritize diplomatic efforts to cap the U.N.-assessed rate at 25% to ensure it is Department to prioritize diplomatic efforts to cap the U.N.-assessed rate at 25% to ensure it is
consistent with the statutory cap.66 consistent with the statutory cap.66
Senate Legislation. S. 2438 would provide $3.10 billion for CIO and CIPA, totaling 6.3% more S. 2438 would provide $3.10 billion for CIO and CIPA, totaling 6.3% more
than the FY2023 enacted level and 14.8% less than the Biden Administration’s request. The than the FY2023 enacted level and 14.8% less than the Biden Administration’s request. The
Senate committee report notes that the bill provides requisite funding to pay the full U.S. Senate committee report notes that the bill provides requisite funding to pay the full U.S.
assessments to all international organizations funded through CIO.67 Like the House bill, the assessments to all international organizations funded through CIO.67 Like the House bill, the
Senate measure does not include the Biden Administration-requested authority to pay U.S. Senate measure does not include the Biden Administration-requested authority to pay U.S.
assessments for U.N. peacekeeping missions using CIPA funds above the 25% statutory cap. The assessments for U.N. peacekeeping missions using CIPA funds above the 25% statutory cap. The
$1.48 billion funding level the Senate committee bill would provide for CIPA is equal to the $1.48 billion funding level the Senate committee bill would provide for CIPA is equal to the
FY2023 enacted funding level for this account. The Senate committee report states that the FY2023 enacted funding level for this account. The Senate committee report states that the
continued accrual of peacekeeping arrears due to the statutory cap has undermined “U.S. continued accrual of peacekeeping arrears due to the statutory cap has undermined “U.S.

60 For more information, see CRS In Focus IF10354, 60 For more information, see CRS In Focus IF10354, United Nations Issues: U.S. Funding to the U.N. System, by Luisa , by Luisa
Blanchfield. Blanchfield.
61 CRS Report R47070, 61 CRS Report R47070, Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2023 Budget and
Appropriations, by Emily M. McCabe and Cory R. Gill, pp. 11-12, and CRS Report R46935, , by Emily M. McCabe and Cory R. Gill, pp. 11-12, and CRS Report R46935, Department of State,
Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2022 Budget and Appropriations, by Cory R. Gill, Marian L. Lawson, , by Cory R. Gill, Marian L. Lawson,
and Emily M. Morgenstern. and Emily M. Morgenstern.
62 U.S. Department of State, 62 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification Appendix 1, pp. 483-484. , pp. 483-484.
63 Ibid., pp. vii-viii, 484. 63 Ibid., pp. vii-viii, 484.
64 House Committee on Appropriations, 64 House Committee on Appropriations, State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2024, ,
p. 25. Such organizations were the International Atomic Energy Agency, the International Civil Aviation Organization, p. 25. Such organizations were the International Atomic Energy Agency, the International Civil Aviation Organization,
the International Maritime Organization, the Organization of American States, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization the International Maritime Organization, the Organization of American States, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO), and the NATO Parliamentary Assembly. (NATO), and the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.
65 Ibid., pp. 25-26. 65 Ibid., pp. 25-26.
66 Ibid., p. 27. 66 Ibid., p. 27.
67 Senate Committee on Appropriations, 67 Senate Committee on Appropriations, Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
Appropriations Bill, 2024, p. 27. , p. 27.
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credibility and influence at the U.N., particularly at a time when the [People’s Republic of China] credibility and influence at the U.N., particularly at a time when the [People’s Republic of China]
is actively increasing its financial, human resources, and political influence in the U.N. system.”68 is actively increasing its financial, human resources, and political influence in the U.N. system.”68
Foreign Operations Highlights
SFOPS Foreign Operations accounts comprise the majority of U.S. foreign assistance included in SFOPS Foreign Operations accounts comprise the majority of U.S. foreign assistance included in
the international affairs budget; the remainder is enacted in the Agriculture appropriations bill, the international affairs budget; the remainder is enacted in the Agriculture appropriations bill,
which provides funding for Food for Peace Act, Title II Grants (FFP), and McGovern-Dole which provides funding for Food for Peace Act, Title II Grants (FFP), and McGovern-Dole
International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Programs.69 The FY2024 request for base International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Programs.69 The FY2024 request for base
Foreign Operations totaled $50.16 billion, an increase of 16.4% over FY2023 enacted base Foreign Operations totaled $50.16 billion, an increase of 16.4% over FY2023 enacted base
funding and 21.7% below total FY2023 enacted funding. The total foreign assistance base funding and 21.7% below total FY2023 enacted funding. The total foreign assistance base
request, including food aid provided for in the agriculture appropriation, was $52.20 billion; the request, including food aid provided for in the agriculture appropriation, was $52.20 billion; the
Administration’s two supplemental requests brought the total foreign assistance request to $95.94 Administration’s two supplemental requests brought the total foreign assistance request to $95.94
billionbillion. See Table 5 for a more detailed breakdown of foreign assistance funding by type. for a more detailed breakdown of foreign assistance funding by type.
Table 5. Foreign Assistance, by Type, FY2022-FY2024
(In millions of current U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals (In millions of current U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals
designated as emergency funds) designated as emergency funds)
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
FY2024
FY2024
Type
Actuala
Enactedb
Request
House
Senate
USAID Administratio USAID Administrationc
2,021.15 2,021.15
2,095.95 2,095.95
2,342.04 2,342.04
1,506.71 1,506.71
2,142.36 2,142.36
(47.00) (47.00)
(13.00) (13.00)
(49.00) (49.00)
Global Health Programs Global Health Programs
9,830.00 9,830.00
10,560.95 10,560.95
10,928.00 10,928.00
10,018.71 10,018.71
10,267.95 10,267.95
Nonhealth Development Nonhealth Development
20,182.99 20,182.99
27,780.78 27,780.78
31,516.52 31,516.52
8,545. 8,545.1616e
9,715.59 9,715.59
Assistan Assistanced
(10,620.80) (10,620.80)
(17,871.50) (17,871.50)
(18,841.80) (18,841.80)
~~(1,000.00)~~
(785.00) (785.00)
Humanitarian Assistan Humanitarian Assistan~~cee~~cef
20,496.85 20,496.85
11,090.70 11,090.70
23,043.36 23,043.36
8,193.71 8,193.71
10,861.29 10,861.29
(11,939.10) (11,939.10)
(2,522.95) (2,522.95)
(12,532.00) (12,532.00)
(2,465.00) (2,465.00)
Independent Agenci Independent Agenci~~esf~~esg
1,404.50 1,404.50
1,452.50 1,452.50
1,666.00 1,666.00
1,368.00 1,368.00
1,476.50 1,476.50
Security Assistance Security Assistance
14,085.55 14,085.55
9,498.73 9,498.73
17,893.08 17,893.08
9,670.40 9,670.40
8,820.93 8,820.93
(5,186.20) (5,186.20)
(8,817.00) (8,817.00)
Multilateral Assistance Multilateral Assistance
3,024.46 3,024.46
2,763.12 2,763.12
7,905.58 7,905.58
1,549.11 1,549.11
3,007.28 3,007.28
(650.00) (650.00)
(560.00) (560.00)
(3,494.38) (3,494.38)
Export Promotion Export Promotion
515.29 515.29
738.08 738.08
643.86 643.86
528.09 528.09
824.06 824.06
Foreign Assistance Total
71,560.79
65,980.81
95,938.44
41,379.90
47,115.95
(28,443.10)
(20,967.45)
(43,734.18)
~~(1,000.00)~~
(3,250.00)
~~Source~~Sources: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328; Letter from OMB SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328; Letter from OMB
Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy; Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy; Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young
to the Honorable Patrick McHenry; H.R. 4665; S. 2438. to the Honorable Patrick McHenry; H.R. 4665; S. 2438.
a. Totals include emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-43, P.L. 117-70, Division N of P.L. 117-103, and a. Totals include emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-43, P.L. 117-70, Division N of P.L. 117-103, and
P.L. 117-128. P.L. 117-128.
b. Totals include emergency supplemental funds from Division B of P.L. 117-180 and Division M of P.L. 117- b. Totals include emergency supplemental funds from Division B of P.L. 117-180 and Division M of P.L. 117-
328. 328.
c. Includes USAID Operating Expenses, Capital Investment Fund, and the USAID Inspector General. c. Includes USAID Operating Expenses, Capital Investment Fund, and the USAID Inspector General.

68 Ibid., p. 28. 68 Ibid., p. 28.
69 For more on international food assistance programs, see CRS Report R45422, 69 For more on international food assistance programs, see CRS Report R45422, U.S. International Food Assistance:
An Overview, by Alyssa R. Casey and Emily M. Morgenstern. , by Alyssa R. Casey and Emily M. Morgenstern.
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d. Includes Treasury Technical Assistance (appropriated in SFOPS) and the McGovern-Dole International Food d. Includes Treasury Technical Assistance (appropriated in SFOPS) and the McGovern-Dole International Food
for Education and Child Nutrition Program (appropriated in Agriculture appropriations). for Education and Child Nutrition Program (appropriated in Agriculture appropriations).
e. Includes e. Includes $1.00 bil ion for “programs to advance United States national security interests in the Indo-Pacific and counter the malign influence of the People’s Republic of China.” Funds may also be transferred to a “Compact Assistance Fund” (see Title VIII of H.R. 4665). f. Includes Food for Peace Act, Title II Grants appropriated in annual Agriculture appropriations. Food for Peace Act, Title II Grants appropriated in annual Agriculture appropriations.
f.
g. Includes the Peace Corps, Mil ennium Challenge Corporation, Inter-American Foundation, and the U.S. Includes the Peace Corps, Mil ennium Challenge Corporation, Inter-American Foundation, and the U.S.
African Development Foundation. African Development Foundation.
The Administration asserted that the FY2024 foreign assistance request would “continue to The Administration asserted that the FY2024 foreign assistance request would “continue to
ensure that Russia’s aggression remains a strategic failure and supports the people of Ukraine” ensure that Russia’s aggression remains a strategic failure and supports the people of Ukraine”
and counter the People’s Republic of China (PRC) “to protect our interests and build a prosperous and counter the People’s Republic of China (PRC) “to protect our interests and build a prosperous
future.”70 Related to the PRC, the Administration noted that it would seek to direct resources to future.”70 Related to the PRC, the Administration noted that it would seek to direct resources to
areas in which the PRC is “gaining traction,” particularly the Indo-Pacific region. Beyond those areas in which the PRC is “gaining traction,” particularly the Indo-Pacific region. Beyond those
two aims, the Administration also identified continuing work in the humanitarian, democracy and two aims, the Administration also identified continuing work in the humanitarian, democracy and
governance, digital and emerging technology, and infrastructure sectors as priorities for FY2024. governance, digital and emerging technology, and infrastructure sectors as priorities for FY2024.
In an effort to support such priorities, the Administration proposed to increase USAID’s direct In an effort to support such priorities, the Administration proposed to increase USAID’s direct
hire workforce by 230 in FY2024. The 105 Civil Service Officers and 125 Foreign Service hire workforce by 230 in FY2024. The 105 Civil Service Officers and 125 Foreign Service
Officers would be focused on “democracy and anti-corruption expertise, global health security, Officers would be focused on “democracy and anti-corruption expertise, global health security,
climate change, national security, operational management, and a more permanent humanitarian climate change, national security, operational management, and a more permanent humanitarian
assistance workforce.”71 assistance workforce.”71
In August and October 2023, the Administration transmitted to Congress requests for emergency In August and October 2023, the Administration transmitted to Congress requests for emergency
supplemental funding that would have affected nearly all foreign assistance types. In total, the supplemental funding that would have affected nearly all foreign assistance types. In total, the
two requests included $43.73 billion in foreign assistance funds, with the largest amounts two requests included $43.73 billion in foreign assistance funds, with the largest amounts
proposed for the nonhealth development ($18.84 billion), humanitarian (12.53 billion), and proposed for the nonhealth development ($18.84 billion), humanitarian (12.53 billion), and
security assistance ($8.82 billion) sectors. security assistance ($8.82 billion) sectors.
House Legislation. H.R. 4665H.R. 4665 would provide a total of $41.40 billion for foreign operations would provide a total of $41.40 billion for foreign operations
appropriations accountsappropriations accounts~~, of which $1.00 billion is designated as emergency funding~~. This total . This total
would represent a 20.7% decrease from the President’s base request (not including supplemental would represent a 20.7% decrease from the President’s base request (not including supplemental
funding proposed in August and October 2023) and a 37.3% decrease from total FY2023 enacted funding proposed in August and October 2023) and a 37.3% decrease from total FY2023 enacted
levels (including emergency funding). When compared with FY2023 total enacted levels, the levels (including emergency funding). When compared with FY2023 total enacted levels, the
proposed legislation would decrease funding for all foreign assistance types with the exception of proposed legislation would decrease funding for all foreign assistance types with the exception of
security assistance accounts, which would see an increase of 1.8%. The largest proposed decrease security assistance accounts, which would see an increase of 1.8%. The largest proposed decrease
would be for the nonhealth development assistance accounts, which would see a 69.2% cut from would be for the nonhealth development assistance accounts, which would see a 69.2% cut from
total FY2023 enacted levels (which included $17.87 billion in emergency supplemental funding), total FY2023 enacted levels (which included $17.87 billion in emergency supplemental funding),
followed by multilateral assistance accounts (-43.9%). followed by multilateral assistance accounts (-43.9%).
Senate Legislation. S. 2438 would provide a total of $47.11 billion for foreign operations S. 2438 would provide a total of $47.11 billion for foreign operations
accounts, of which $3.25 billion is designated as emergency funding. This proposed level would accounts, of which $3.25 billion is designated as emergency funding. This proposed level would
represent a 9.7% decrease from the President’s base request and a 28.6% decrease from total represent a 9.7% decrease from the President’s base request and a 28.6% decrease from total
FY2023 enacted levels. Much like the House proposal, the Senate Appropriations Committee FY2023 enacted levels. Much like the House proposal, the Senate Appropriations Committee
version proposes the greatest reduction to nonhealth development assistance (-65.0%). However, version proposes the greatest reduction to nonhealth development assistance (-65.0%). However,
other types of foreign assistance would see more modest reductions or increases. For example, other types of foreign assistance would see more modest reductions or increases. For example,
security assistance accounts would be reduced by 7.1% when compared with FY2023 total security assistance accounts would be reduced by 7.1% when compared with FY2023 total
enacted levels, while multilateral assistance and export promotion accounts would be increased enacted levels, while multilateral assistance and export promotion accounts would be increased
by 8.8% and 11.6%, respectively. by 8.8% and 11.6%, respectively.

70 U.S. Department of State, 70 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 109. , p. 109.
71 Ibid., p. 104. 71 Ibid., p. 104.
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Foreign Operations Sectors
Humanitarian Assistance
For FY2024, the Administration requested $10.51 billion for the four global humanitarian For FY2024, the Administration requested $10.51 billion for the four global humanitarian
assistance accounts administered by the State Department and USAID: International Disaster assistance accounts administered by the State Department and USAID: International Disaster
Assistance (IDA, $4.7 billion), Migration and Refugee Assistance (MRA, $3.9 billion), and Assistance (IDA, $4.7 billion), Migration and Refugee Assistance (MRA, $3.9 billion), and
Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance (ERMA, $100 million) accounts in the SFOPS Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance (ERMA, $100 million) accounts in the SFOPS
appropriation; and Food for Peace Act, Title II Grants (FFP, $1.8 billion) in the Agriculture appropriation; and Food for Peace Act, Title II Grants (FFP, $1.8 billion) in the Agriculture
appropriation (seappropriation (see Figure 3). This level would have represented an increase of 22.7% over . This level would have represented an increase of 22.7% over
FY2023 enacted base funding but a 5.2% decrease from FY2023 total enacted funding (which FY2023 enacted base funding but a 5.2% decrease from FY2023 total enacted funding (which
included $2.52 billion in emergency supplemental funding). The Administration noted that the included $2.52 billion in emergency supplemental funding). The Administration noted that the
request would aim to address ongoing humanitarian crises in countries and regions such as request would aim to address ongoing humanitarian crises in countries and regions such as
Afghanistan, the Horn of Africa, Syria, Ukraine, Haiti, Venezuela, and Yemen, among others. It Afghanistan, the Horn of Africa, Syria, Ukraine, Haiti, Venezuela, and Yemen, among others. It
also would prioritize combating growing food insecurity, which has been exacerbated by Russia’s also would prioritize combating growing food insecurity, which has been exacerbated by Russia’s
war in Ukraine. More broadly, the Administration also highlighted prioritizing U.S. leadership on war in Ukraine. More broadly, the Administration also highlighted prioritizing U.S. leadership on
humanitarian and refugee issues in international fora, such as in multilateral international humanitarian and refugee issues in international fora, such as in multilateral international
organizations. organizations.
Figure 3. Humanitarian Assistance, by Account, FY2022-FY2024

~~Source~~Sources: CRS using data from the SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-CRS using data from the SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-
328; Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy; Letter from OMB 328; Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy; Letter from OMB
Director Shalanda Young to the Honorable Patrick McHenry; H.R. 4665; S. 2438. Director Shalanda Young to the Honorable Patrick McHenry; H.R. 4665; S. 2438.
Notes: IDA = International Disaster Assistance; MRA = Migration and Refugee Assistance; ERMA = Emergency IDA = International Disaster Assistance; MRA = Migration and Refugee Assistance; ERMA = Emergency
Refugee and Migration Assistance; FFP = Food for Peace Act, Title II Grants. Refugee and Migration Assistance; FFP = Food for Peace Act, Title II Grants.
Historically, on a bipartisan basis, Congress has often appropriated global humanitarian funding Historically, on a bipartisan basis, Congress has often appropriated global humanitarian funding
well above Administration budget request levels. U.S. humanitarian assistance has also been well above Administration budget request levels. U.S. humanitarian assistance has also been
provided through emergency supplemental funding, which in FY2022 and FY2023 has funded provided through emergency supplemental funding, which in FY2022 and FY2023 has funded
parts of the U.S. international humanitarian responses in Afghanistan and Ukraine, as well as in parts of the U.S. international humanitarian responses in Afghanistan and Ukraine, as well as in
countries affected by Russia’s war in Ukraine. countries affected by Russia’s war in Ukraine.
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In August and October 2023, the Administration proposed FY2024 emergency supplemental In August and October 2023, the Administration proposed FY2024 emergency supplemental
funding for two global humanitarian accounts. The August request included $1.30 billion for IDA funding for two global humanitarian accounts. The August request included $1.30 billion for IDA
and $1.23 billion for MRA to address humanitarian needs in Ukraine and countries affected by and $1.23 billion for MRA to address humanitarian needs in Ukraine and countries affected by
the war in Ukraine. The October request included $5.66 billion for IDA and $4.35 billion for the war in Ukraine. The October request included $5.66 billion for IDA and $4.35 billion for
MRA. The Administration noted that most of the funds would be used for Ukraine and vulnerable MRA. The Administration noted that most of the funds would be used for Ukraine and vulnerable
populations affected by the war in Ukraine as well as needs related to “Israel and in areas populations affected by the war in Ukraine as well as needs related to “Israel and in areas
impacted by the situation in the West Bank and Gaza”; the Administration did not specify how impacted by the situation in the West Bank and Gaza”; the Administration did not specify how
much funding within each account would be used for such purposes.72 However, $850 million of much funding within each account would be used for such purposes.72 However, $850 million of
the funding for MRA was proposed to “address humanitarian needs in the Western Hemisphere to the funding for MRA was proposed to “address humanitarian needs in the Western Hemisphere to
promote access to regular pathways to migration and international protection, including support promote access to regular pathways to migration and international protection, including support
for integration and regularization.”73 for integration and regularization.”73
House Legislation. H.R. 4665 would provide $6.45 billion for humanitarian assistance through H.R. 4665 would provide $6.45 billion for humanitarian assistance through
the IDA and MRA accounts (the bill does not provide funding for the ERMA account). When the IDA and MRA accounts (the bill does not provide funding for the ERMA account). When
combined with FFP funding approved by the House in H.R. 4368, the total amount for global combined with FFP funding approved by the House in H.R. 4368, the total amount for global
humanitarian assistance accounts would be $8.19 billion for FY2024. This level would represent humanitarian assistance accounts would be $8.19 billion for FY2024. This level would represent
a 22.0% decrease from the President’s request and a 26.1% decrease from total FY2023 enacted a 22.0% decrease from the President’s request and a 26.1% decrease from total FY2023 enacted
levels, which included $2.52 billion in emergency supplemental funding.levels, which included $2.52 billion in emergency supplemental funding.
Senate Legislation. S. 2438 would provide $9.06 billion for global humanitarian assistance S. 2438 would provide $9.06 billion for global humanitarian assistance
through the IDA, MRA, and ERMA accounts, of which $2.47 billion would be designated as through the IDA, MRA, and ERMA accounts, of which $2.47 billion would be designated as
emergency funding. Together with FFP funding proposed in S. 2131, total global humanitarian emergency funding. Together with FFP funding proposed in S. 2131, total global humanitarian
assistance would be $10.86 billion. This level would represent a 3.3% increase from the assistance would be $10.86 billion. This level would represent a 3.3% increase from the
Administration’s request for global humanitarian accounts and a 2.1% decrease from total Administration’s request for global humanitarian accounts and a 2.1% decrease from total
FY2023 enacted levels, which included $2.52 billion in emergency supplemental funding. FY2023 enacted levels, which included $2.52 billion in emergency supplemental funding.
Global Health Programs (GHP)
The Administration requested $10.93 billion for Global Health Programs (GHP) for FY2024, an The Administration requested $10.93 billion for Global Health Programs (GHP) for FY2024, an
increase of 3.5% over FY2023 enacted levels (seeincrease of 3.5% over FY2023 enacted levels (see Table 6).74 At the GHP-USAID subaccount 74 At the GHP-USAID subaccount
level, the Administration proposed the largest increase to Family Planning and Reproductive level, the Administration proposed the largest increase to Family Planning and Reproductive
Health, which would see a 14.5% increase from FY2023 enacted levels. Proposed decreases in Health, which would see a 14.5% increase from FY2023 enacted levels. Proposed decreases in
the subaccount would be for Malaria (-1.9%), Tuberculosis (-9.1%), and Global Health Security the subaccount would be for Malaria (-1.9%), Tuberculosis (-9.1%), and Global Health Security
(-17.2%). At the GHP-State subaccount, the Administration sought a cut for bilateral HIV/AIDS (-17.2%). At the GHP-State subaccount, the Administration sought a cut for bilateral HIV/AIDS
programs (-0.6%) and $500 million for a U.S. contribution to the Pandemic Fund, coordinated by programs (-0.6%) and $500 million for a U.S. contribution to the Pandemic Fund, coordinated by
the World Bank. Including the request for the multilateral Pandemic Fund, the Administration the World Bank. Including the request for the multilateral Pandemic Fund, the Administration
proposed an overall budgetary increase of 38.3% for global health security activities through the proposed an overall budgetary increase of 38.3% for global health security activities through the
GHP account. GHP account.
For FY2024, the Administration proposed that funds requested in FY2023 through the GHP For FY2024, the Administration proposed that funds requested in FY2023 through the GHP
account for two programs—the Pandemic Fund and the Global Health Worker Initiative—be account for two programs—the Pandemic Fund and the Global Health Worker Initiative—be
provided their own subaccounts in GHP-State and GHP-USAID, respectively. The Pandemic provided their own subaccounts in GHP-State and GHP-USAID, respectively. The Pandemic
Fund was launched in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and seeks to mobilize financial Fund was launched in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and seeks to mobilize financial
support from the global community to strengthen pandemic prevention, preparedness and support from the global community to strengthen pandemic prevention, preparedness and
response capacities at national, regional, and global levels, with a focus on low- and middle-response capacities at national, regional, and global levels, with a focus on low- and middle-

72 This approach is common for both Administration requests and appropriations for humanitarian assistance accounts. 72 This approach is common for both Administration requests and appropriations for humanitarian assistance accounts.
Funding for such accounts has historically been requested and appropriated as a lump sum and then allocated by Funding for such accounts has historically been requested and appropriated as a lump sum and then allocated by
executive branch agencies in consultation with Congress and based on humanitarian needs and U.S. priorities. executive branch agencies in consultation with Congress and based on humanitarian needs and U.S. priorities.
73 Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to the Honorable Patrick McHenry, Attachment 5, p. 65. 73 Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to the Honorable Patrick McHenry, Attachment 5, p. 65.
74 Tiaji Salaam-Blyther, CRS Specialist in Global Health, contributed to this section. 74 Tiaji Salaam-Blyther, CRS Specialist in Global Health, contributed to this section.
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income countries.75 The Global Health Workers Initiative, to be administered by USAID, would income countries.75 The Global Health Workers Initiative, to be administered by USAID, would
aim to strengthen global health systems by “reducing the estimated 10 million global health aim to strengthen global health systems by “reducing the estimated 10 million global health
worker shortage.”76 worker shortage.”76
Table 6. Global Health Programs, by Subaccount, FY2023-FY2024
(In millions of current U.S. dollars) (In millions of current U.S. dollars)
FY2023
FY2024
FY2024
FY2024

Enacted
Request
House
Senate
HIV/AIDS (State) HIV/AIDS (State)
4,395.0 4,395.0
4,370.0 4,370.0
4,395.0 4,395.0
4,395.0 4,395.0
Global Fund Global Fund
2,000.0 2,000.0
2,000.0 2,000.0
2,000.0 2,000.0
1,650.0 1,650.0
Pandemic Fund Pandemic Fund
— —
500.0 500.0
— —
— —
Total, State-GHP
6,395.0
6,870.0
6,395.0
6,045.0
HIV/AIDS (USAID) HIV/AIDS (USAID)
330.0 330.0
330.0 330.0
330.0 330.0
330.0 330.0
Tuberculosis Tuberculosis
394.5 394.5
358.5 358.5
394.5 394.5
394.5 394.5
Malaria Malaria
795.0 795.0
780.0 780.0
800.0 800.0
795.0 795.0
MCH MCH
910.0 910.0
910.0 910.0
910.0 910.0
920.0 920.0
Nutrition Nutrition
160.0 160.0
160.0 160.0
172.5 172.5
160.0 160.0
Vulnerable Children Vulnerable Children
30.0 30.0
30.0 30.0
32.5 32.5
30.0 30.0
FP/RH FP/RH
524.0 524.0
600.0 600.0
461.0 461.0
549.0 549.0
Other Public Health Threats/NTDs Other Public Health Threats/NTDs
122.5 122.5
124.5 124.5
114.5 114.5
144. 144.5a
GHS GHS
900.0 900.0
745.0 745.0
—b
900.0 900.0
Global Health Worker Initiative Global Health Worker Initiative
— —
20.0 20.0
— —
— —
Total, USAID-GHP
4,166.0
4,058.0
3,623.71c
4,223.0
Total, GHP
10,561.0
10,928.0
10,019.7
10,268.0
~~Source~~Sources: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-328; H.R. 4665; S. 2438. SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-328; H.R. 4665; S. 2438.
Notes: GHS = Global Health Security; MCH = Maternal and Child Health; FP/RH = Family Planning and GHS = Global Health Security; MCH = Maternal and Child Health; FP/RH = Family Planning and
Reproductive Health; NTDs = Neglected Tropical Diseases. Reproductive Health; NTDs = Neglected Tropical Diseases.
a. The Senate measure includes $20 mil ion for the Global Health Worker Initiative in the Other Public Health a. The Senate measure includes $20 mil ion for the Global Health Worker Initiative in the Other Public Health
Threats/NTDs subaccount. Threats/NTDs subaccount.
b. The House report accompanying the measure indicates ongoing support for global health security but does b. The House report accompanying the measure indicates ongoing support for global health security but does
not specify an amount for the GHS subaccount. not specify an amount for the GHS subaccount.
c. There is approximately $408.7 mil ion made available to USAID but not designated for a specific c. There is approximately $408.7 mil ion made available to USAID but not designated for a specific
subaccount. This total therefore includes the $3,215.0 mil ion as specified above as well as the $408.7 subaccount. This total therefore includes the $3,215.0 mil ion as specified above as well as the $408.7
mil ion unspecified. mil ion unspecified.
House Legislation. H.R. 4665 would provide $10.02 billion for Global Health Programs, 8.3% H.R. 4665 would provide $10.02 billion for Global Health Programs, 8.3%
less than the Administration requested and 5.1% lower than FY2023 total enacted levels. Much of less than the Administration requested and 5.1% lower than FY2023 total enacted levels. Much of
the proposed decrease can be attributed to cuts for Family Planning/Reproductive Health and the proposed decrease can be attributed to cuts for Family Planning/Reproductive Health and
Global Health Security subaccounts. The proposed measure would also provide moderate Global Health Security subaccounts. The proposed measure would also provide moderate
increases to selected GHP subaccounts when compared with FY2023 enacted levels, including increases to selected GHP subaccounts when compared with FY2023 enacted levels, including
those focused on Malaria, Nutrition, and Vulnerable Children. those focused on Malaria, Nutrition, and Vulnerable Children.

75 For more information on the Pandemic Fund, see https://fiftrustee.worldbank.org/en/about/unit/dfi/fiftrustee/fund- 75 For more information on the Pandemic Fund, see https://fiftrustee.worldbank.org/en/about/unit/dfi/fiftrustee/fund-
detail/pppr, accessed on October 31, 2023. detail/pppr, accessed on October 31, 2023.
76 Ibid., p. 111. 76 Ibid., p. 111.
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Senate Legislation. S. 2438 would provide $10.27 billion for GHP, 6.0% less than the S. 2438 would provide $10.27 billion for GHP, 6.0% less than the
Administration’s request and 2.8% lower than FY2023 total enacted levels. The proposed Administration’s request and 2.8% lower than FY2023 total enacted levels. The proposed
measure would largely maintain funding levels from FY2023 at the subaccount level with measure would largely maintain funding levels from FY2023 at the subaccount level with
increases to a few subaccounts (Maternal and Child Health, Family Planning/Reproductive increases to a few subaccounts (Maternal and Child Health, Family Planning/Reproductive
Health, and Other Public Health Threats). The measure would also accept the Administration’s Health, and Other Public Health Threats). The measure would also accept the Administration’s
proposal for $20.0 million for a Global Health Worker Initiative, but does not provide the proposal for $20.0 million for a Global Health Worker Initiative, but does not provide the
initiative its own funding line. The Senate measure would also reduce the contribution to the initiative its own funding line. The Senate measure would also reduce the contribution to the
Global Fund, stating that the proposed reduction was a “result of the statutory cap on U.S. Global Fund, stating that the proposed reduction was a “result of the statutory cap on U.S.
contributions related to other donor funds,” but noting that should other donor contributions contributions related to other donor funds,” but noting that should other donor contributions
increase, “the Committee intends to honor the $6,000,000,000 U.S. pledge for the seventh increase, “the Committee intends to honor the $6,000,000,000 U.S. pledge for the seventh
replenishment.”77 replenishment.”77
Security Assistance
For FY2024, the Administration requested a total of $9.08 billion for the five SFOPS security For FY2024, the Administration requested a total of $9.08 billion for the five SFOPS security
assistance accounts: Nonproliferation, assistance accounts: Nonproliferation, ~~Antiterrorism~~Anti-terrorism, Demining and Related Programs (NADR, , Demining and Related Programs (NADR,
$921.3 million); Peacekeeping Operations (PKO, $420.5 million); International Military $921.3 million); Peacekeeping Operations (PKO, $420.5 million); International Military
Education and Training (IMET, $125.4 million); Foreign Military Financing (FMF, $6.12 billion); Education and Training (IMET, $125.4 million); Foreign Military Financing (FMF, $6.12 billion);
and International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement (INCLE, $1.48 billion). This funding and International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement (INCLE, $1.48 billion). This funding
level would represent a 1.5% increase from FY2023 enacted base funding and a 4.4% decrease level would represent a 1.5% increase from FY2023 enacted base funding and a 4.4% decrease
from FY2023 total enacted funding (from FY2023 total enacted funding (see Figure 4).78 All security assistance accounts would be 78 All security assistance accounts would be
increased under the Administration’s proposal, with the exception of PKO, which would see an increased under the Administration’s proposal, with the exception of PKO, which would see an
8.7% decrease. The Administration noted that the proposed decrease was a result of the 8.7% decrease. The Administration noted that the proposed decrease was a result of the
cancellation of a South Sudan program and an adjustment to the levels of UN Assessed Expenses cancellation of a South Sudan program and an adjustment to the levels of UN Assessed Expenses
arrears for Somalia.79 More broadly, the Administration’s articulated priorities for security arrears for Somalia.79 More broadly, the Administration’s articulated priorities for security
assistance accounts were largely consistent with prior years, including countering transnational assistance accounts were largely consistent with prior years, including countering transnational
crime and drug trafficking, strengthening military alliances to promote national security, and crime and drug trafficking, strengthening military alliances to promote national security, and
combating corruption. combating corruption.
The Administration’s emergency supplemental requests, transmitted to Congress in August and The Administration’s emergency supplemental requests, transmitted to Congress in August and
October 2023, included funding for three security assistance accounts. The August request October 2023, included funding for three security assistance accounts. The August request
included a total of $1.16 billion for security assistance accounts—the majority of which ($1 included a total of $1.16 billion for security assistance accounts—the majority of which ($1
billion) was for FMF—for assistance to Ukraine and countries affected by the war in Ukraine. billion) was for FMF—for assistance to Ukraine and countries affected by the war in Ukraine.
The October request included $7.66 billion for security assistance accounts—the majority of The October request included $7.66 billion for security assistance accounts—the majority of
which ($7.2 billion) was again for FMF—though the funds were requested to address “the which ($7.2 billion) was again for FMF—though the funds were requested to address “the
situation in Israel and related expenses,” the Indo-Pacific region, as well as Ukraine and countries situation in Israel and related expenses,” the Indo-Pacific region, as well as Ukraine and countries
affected by the situation in Ukraine. Including these supplemental requests, the Administration’s affected by the situation in Ukraine. Including these supplemental requests, the Administration’s
total security assistance request for FY2024 totals $17.89 billion, representing an 88.4% increase total security assistance request for FY2024 totals $17.89 billion, representing an 88.4% increase
from FY2023 total enacted funding. from FY2023 total enacted funding.

77 S.Rept. 118-71, p. 40. 77 S.Rept. 118-71, p. 40.
78 The FY2023 enacted total included $560 million in emergency funding for security assistance for Ukraine and allies 78 The FY2023 enacted total included $560 million in emergency funding for security assistance for Ukraine and allies
in the region. in the region.
79 U.S. Department of State, 79 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 156. , p. 156.
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Figure 4. Security Assistance, by Account, FY2022-FY2024

~~Source~~Sources: CRS using data from the SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-CRS using data from the SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-
328; Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy; Letter from OMB 328; Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy; Letter from OMB
Director Shalanda Young to the Honorable Patrick McHenry; H.R. 4665; S. 2438. Director Shalanda Young to the Honorable Patrick McHenry; H.R. 4665; S. 2438.
Notes: NADR = Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining and Related Programs; PKO = Peacekeeping NADR = Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining and Related Programs; PKO = Peacekeeping
Operations; IMET = International Military Education and Training; FMF = Foreign Military Financing; INCLE = Operations; IMET = International Military Education and Training; FMF = Foreign Military Financing; INCLE =
International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement. International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement.
House Legislation. H.R. 4665 would provide $9.67 billion for security assistance accounts, an H.R. 4665 would provide $9.67 billion for security assistance accounts, an
increase of 6.5% from the President’s base request and a 1.8% increase from FY2023 total increase of 6.5% from the President’s base request and a 1.8% increase from FY2023 total
enacted levels, which included $560 million in emergency supplemental funds. When compared enacted levels, which included $560 million in emergency supplemental funds. When compared
with FY2023 total enacted levels, the largest increase in the proposal would be to FMF (+9.3%) with FY2023 total enacted levels, the largest increase in the proposal would be to FMF (+9.3%)
with the committee noting that “by increasing demand for United States systems, Foreign with the committee noting that “by increasing demand for United States systems, Foreign
Military Financing Program funding also contributes to a strong industrial base, reduces the cost Military Financing Program funding also contributes to a strong industrial base, reduces the cost
of Department of Defense acquisitions, and supports American workers.”80 The only proposed of Department of Defense acquisitions, and supports American workers.”80 The only proposed
decreases in the measure are for the INCLE account (-15.2%), which had received $375 million decreases in the measure are for the INCLE account (-15.2%), which had received $375 million
in emergency supplemental funds for FY2023, and the PKO account (-8.7%), for which the in emergency supplemental funds for FY2023, and the PKO account (-8.7%), for which the
Administration had proposed an 8.7% reduction for FY2024 (see above).Administration had proposed an 8.7% reduction for FY2024 (see above).
Senate Legislation. S. 2438 would provide $8.82 billion for the security assistance accounts, a S. 2438 would provide $8.82 billion for the security assistance accounts, a
2.8% decrease from the Administration’s base request and a 7.1% decrease from FY2023 total 2.8% decrease from the Administration’s base request and a 7.1% decrease from FY2023 total
enacted levels. When compared with FY2023 total enacted levels, the proposal would hold level enacted levels. When compared with FY2023 total enacted levels, the proposal would hold level
funding for the INCLE and NADR accounts, increase funding for IMET, and reduce both PKO (-funding for the INCLE and NADR accounts, increase funding for IMET, and reduce both PKO (-
9.8%) and FMF (-3.9%) funding. For FMF, “the Committee notes the availability of prior year 9.8%) and FMF (-3.9%) funding. For FMF, “the Committee notes the availability of prior year
FMF assistance totaling over $1,000,000,000, including from supplemental appropriations, for FMF assistance totaling over $1,000,000,000, including from supplemental appropriations, for
countries in Eastern Europe,” suggesting that the proposed decrease would not result in countries in Eastern Europe,” suggesting that the proposed decrease would not result in
reductions to any regular FMF programs.81reductions to any regular FMF programs.81

80 H.Rept. 118-146, p. 69. 80 H.Rept. 118-146, p. 69.
81 S.Rept. 118-71, p. 60. 81 S.Rept. 118-71, p. 60.
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Development Assistance, Export Promotion, and Related Assistance
More than one-third of the FY2024 foreign operations request is for nonhealth development More than one-third of the FY2024 foreign operations request is for nonhealth development
sectors (e.g., education, food security, and the environment), independent agencies (e.g., the sectors (e.g., education, food security, and the environment), independent agencies (e.g., the
Peace Corps and Millennium Challenge Corporation), multilateral assistance, and export Peace Corps and Millennium Challenge Corporation), multilateral assistance, and export
promotion and development finance agencies. promotion and development finance agencies.
Nonhealth Development Sectors
As in prior years, the Administration’s request for FY2024 did not specify dollar amounts for As in prior years, the Administration’s request for FY2024 did not specify dollar amounts for
many nonhealth development sectors but offered detail on program priorities within certain many nonhealth development sectors but offered detail on program priorities within certain
sectors. (For FY2022 and FY2023 enacted levels for select development sectors, seesectors. (For FY2022 and FY2023 enacted levels for select development sectors, see Table 7). .
Consistent with the Administration’s broader foreign operations priorities, focus areas within the Consistent with the Administration’s broader foreign operations priorities, focus areas within the
nonhealth development sectors for FY2024 include food security, climate change mitigation and nonhealth development sectors for FY2024 include food security, climate change mitigation and
adaptation, energy security, economic growth, democracy, and gender equity and equality. adaptation, energy security, economic growth, democracy, and gender equity and equality.
Table 7. Select Development Sectors, FY2022-FY2024
(In millions of current U.S. dollars) (In millions of current U.S. dollars)
FY2022
FY2023
~~FY2024 House~~
~~FY2024 Senate~~
~~Sector~~
~~Enacted~~
~~Enacted~~Sector Enacted Enacted FY2024 House FY2024 Senate
Democracy Programs Democracy Programs
2,600.00 2,600.00
2,900.00 2,900.00
2,900.00 2,900.00
2,900.00 2,900.00
(excluding NED) (excluding NED)
Education (basic and higher) Education (basic and higher)
1,200.00 1,200.00
1,262.00 1,262.00
1,255.00 1,255.00
879.12 879.12
Cooperative Development Cooperative Development
18.50 18.50
18.50 18.50
18.50 18.50
20.00 20.00
Programs Programs
American Schools and American Schools and
31.50 31.50
31.50 31.50
31.50 31.50
31.50 31.50
Hospitals Abroad (ASHA) Hospitals Abroad (ASHA)
Food Security Food Security
1,010.60 1,010.60
1,010.60 1,010.60
1,010.60 1,010.60
1,110.60 1,110.60
Environment Environment
1,295.00 1,295.00
1,035.00 1,035.00
510.00 510.00
1,355.00 1,355.00
Water and Sanitation Water and Sanitation
475.00 475.00
475.00 475.00
475.00 475.00
327.19 327.19
Gender Gender
560.00 560.00
650.00 650.00
650.00a 650.00a
650.00 650.00
Trafficking in Persons Trafficking in Persons
106.40 106.40
116.40 116.40
123.90 123.90
116.40 116.40
Reconciliation Programs Reconciliation Programs
25.00 25.00
25.00 25.00
25.00 25.00
25.00 25.00
Micro and Small Enterprise Micro and Small Enterprise
265.00 265.00
265.00 265.00
265.00 265.00
171.63 171.63
Source: Division K of P.L. 117-103 and P.L. 117-328; H.R. 4665; S. 2438. Division K of P.L. 117-103 and P.L. 117-328; H.R. 4665; S. 2438.
Notes: NED = National Endowment for Democracy. NED = National Endowment for Democracy.
a. The proposed legislation retitles the header to “Women’s Equality and Empowerment” from “Gender a. The proposed legislation retitles the header to “Women’s Equality and Empowerment” from “Gender
Equality and Women’s Empowerment.” Equality and Women’s Empowerment.”
House Legislation. H.R. 4665 would keep level funding for the majority of nonhealth H.R. 4665 would keep level funding for the majority of nonhealth
development sectors when compared with FY2023 enacted funding (e.g., Democracy Programs, development sectors when compared with FY2023 enacted funding (e.g., Democracy Programs,
Water and Sanitation, Food Security). The House bill would also provide modest increases to Water and Sanitation, Food Security). The House bill would also provide modest increases to
selected sectors while significantly decreasing others. The largest decrease would be to the selected sectors while significantly decreasing others. The largest decrease would be to the
environment sector (-50.1%); the proposed decrease also came with new legislative language that, environment sector (-50.1%); the proposed decrease also came with new legislative language that,
if enacted, would limit the uses of such funding.82if enacted, would limit the uses of such funding.82

82 Section 7061 of H.R. 4665. 82 Section 7061 of H.R. 4665.
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Senate Legislation. S. 2438 would also provide level or increased funding for many of the S. 2438 would also provide level or increased funding for many of the
nonhealth development sectors when compared with FY2023 enacted funding. However, the nonhealth development sectors when compared with FY2023 enacted funding. However, the
Micro and Small Enterprise (-35.2%), Water and Sanitation (-31.1%), and Education (-30.3%) Micro and Small Enterprise (-35.2%), Water and Sanitation (-31.1%), and Education (-30.3%)
sectors would receive reduced funding under the measure. According to the report accompanying sectors would receive reduced funding under the measure. According to the report accompanying
the measure, such decreases are in part due to the “existence of available prior year balances,” the measure, such decreases are in part due to the “existence of available prior year balances,”
and the measure includes “authority for the Secretary of State and USAID Administrator to and the measure includes “authority for the Secretary of State and USAID Administrator to
provide funding above such levels as necessary and appropriate, following consultation with the provide funding above such levels as necessary and appropriate, following consultation with the
Committees on Appropriations.”83Committees on Appropriations.”83
Independent Agencies
The Biden Administration proposed $1.67 billion for independent agencies for FY2024, a 14.7% The Biden Administration proposed $1.67 billion for independent agencies for FY2024, a 14.7%
increase from FY2023 enacted levels. All agencies would see increases under the proposal, with increase from FY2023 enacted levels. All agencies would see increases under the proposal, with
the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) receiving the largest increase (15.4%), followed the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) receiving the largest increase (15.4%), followed
by the Peace Corps (15.0%), Inter-American Foundation (IAF, 10.6%), and U.S. African by the Peace Corps (15.0%), Inter-American Foundation (IAF, 10.6%), and U.S. African
Development Foundation (USADF, 2.2%). According to the Administration, proposed increases Development Foundation (USADF, 2.2%). According to the Administration, proposed increases
would support new MCC compacts, continue the return of Peace Corps Volunteers overseas would support new MCC compacts, continue the return of Peace Corps Volunteers overseas
following the COVID-19 pandemic, and expand both IAF and USADF’s grant portfolios. following the COVID-19 pandemic, and expand both IAF and USADF’s grant portfolios.
House Legislation. The House legislation would reduce funding for all four independent The House legislation would reduce funding for all four independent
agencies for FY2024 when compared with FY2023 enacted levels and the President’s request. agencies for FY2024 when compared with FY2023 enacted levels and the President’s request.
Under the measure, when compared with FY2023 enacted levels, IAF would receive the largest Under the measure, when compared with FY2023 enacted levels, IAF would receive the largest
cut (-56.7%), followed by USADF (-34.8%), Peace Corps (-4.6%), and MCC (-2.7%). cut (-56.7%), followed by USADF (-34.8%), Peace Corps (-4.6%), and MCC (-2.7%).
Senate Legislation. Conversely, S. 2438 would provide level or increased funding for the Conversely, S. 2438 would provide level or increased funding for the
independent agencies when compared with FY2023 enacted levels. The measure would keep independent agencies when compared with FY2023 enacted levels. The measure would keep
level MCC funding when compared with FY2023 enacted levels, while increasing IAF (10.6%), level MCC funding when compared with FY2023 enacted levels, while increasing IAF (10.6%),
Peace Corps (4.2%), and USADF (2.2%). The bill also would fulfill the President’s funding Peace Corps (4.2%), and USADF (2.2%). The bill also would fulfill the President’s funding
requests for IAF and USADF but not meet the proposed increases for MCC and the Peace Corps. requests for IAF and USADF but not meet the proposed increases for MCC and the Peace Corps.
Multilateral Assistance
For FY2024, the Administration proposed increasing multilateral assistance by 59.6%. The For FY2024, the Administration proposed increasing multilateral assistance by 59.6%. The
proposal included funding for multiple entities that did not receive appropriations for FY2023, proposal included funding for multiple entities that did not receive appropriations for FY2023,
including the Asian Development Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, Green Climate including the Asian Development Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, Green Climate
Fund, Multilateral Development Bank Climate Trust Funds, Quality Infrastructure, and Treasury Fund, Multilateral Development Bank Climate Trust Funds, Quality Infrastructure, and Treasury
International Assistance Programs. The Administration also proposed large funding increases for International Assistance Programs. The Administration also proposed large funding increases for
the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program (+300%), Clean Technology Fund (+240%), the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program (+300%), Clean Technology Fund (+240%),
and the Asian Development Fund (+145.9%). The only multilateral assistance account that would and the Asian Development Fund (+145.9%). The only multilateral assistance account that would
see a decrease under the President’s request was International Organizations and Programs see a decrease under the President’s request was International Organizations and Programs
(-4.5%). Thematically, in its request for multilateral assistance, the Administration appeared to (-4.5%). Thematically, in its request for multilateral assistance, the Administration appeared to
focus on environmental efforts, including those to combat climate change. In its budget materials, focus on environmental efforts, including those to combat climate change. In its budget materials,
the Administration also highlighted global challenges such as poverty reduction, health systems the Administration also highlighted global challenges such as poverty reduction, health systems
modernization, and sustainable infrastructure.84 modernization, and sustainable infrastructure.84
In August and October 2023, the Administration proposed FY2024 emergency supplemental In August and October 2023, the Administration proposed FY2024 emergency supplemental
funding for two multilateral assistance accounts. The August request included $1 billion for the funding for two multilateral assistance accounts. The August request included $1 billion for the

83 S.Rept. 118-71, p. 106. 83 S.Rept. 118-71, p. 106.
84 For information on certain multilateral assistance accounts, including some funded through SFOPS but administered 84 For information on certain multilateral assistance accounts, including some funded through SFOPS but administered
by the Department of the Treasury, see CRS In Focus IF11902, by the Department of the Treasury, see CRS In Focus IF11902, International Financial Institutions: FY2024 Budget
Request, by Rebecca M. Nelson and Martin A. Weiss. , by Rebecca M. Nelson and Martin A. Weiss.
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International Development Association and $494.4 million for the International Bank for International Development Association and $494.4 million for the International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development; the October request included $750 million for the International Reconstruction and Development; the October request included $750 million for the International
Development Association and $1.25 billion for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Association and $1.25 billion for the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development. Including these supplemental requests, the Administration’s total multilateral Development. Including these supplemental requests, the Administration’s total multilateral
assistance request for FY2024 is $7.91 billion, representing a 186.1% increase from FY2023 total assistance request for FY2024 is $7.91 billion, representing a 186.1% increase from FY2023 total
enacted funding. enacted funding.
House Legislation. H.R. 4665 would reduce funding for multilateral assistance accounts by H.R. 4665 would reduce funding for multilateral assistance accounts by
43.9% when compared with FY2023 enacted levels. The funding level in the measure would also 43.9% when compared with FY2023 enacted levels. The funding level in the measure would also
represent an 80.4% reduction when compared with the Administration’s total multilateral represent an 80.4% reduction when compared with the Administration’s total multilateral
assistance request for FY2024 (which included $3.49 billion in emergency supplemental assistance request for FY2024 (which included $3.49 billion in emergency supplemental
funding). The measure omitted funding for accounts that received funds for FY2023, including funding). The measure omitted funding for accounts that received funds for FY2023, including
International Organizations and Programs, Asian Development Bank, African Development Fund, International Organizations and Programs, Asian Development Bank, African Development Fund,
Clean Technology Fund, International Monetary Fund, and the Global Agriculture and Food Clean Technology Fund, International Monetary Fund, and the Global Agriculture and Food
Security Program. The six multilateral assistance accounts that would receive funding for Security Program. The six multilateral assistance accounts that would receive funding for
FY2024 in the measure would do so at level or reduced amounts when compared with FY2023 FY2024 in the measure would do so at level or reduced amounts when compared with FY2023
enacted levels. enacted levels.
Senate Legislation. The Senate Appropriations Committee proposed an increase of 8.8% for The Senate Appropriations Committee proposed an increase of 8.8% for
multilateral assistance accounts when compared with FY2023 enacted levels, and a decrease of multilateral assistance accounts when compared with FY2023 enacted levels, and a decrease of
62.0% when compared with the President’s total multilateral assistance request for FY2024. The 62.0% when compared with the President’s total multilateral assistance request for FY2024. The
largest increases proposed in S. 2438 are for the Asian Development Fund and the Global largest increases proposed in S. 2438 are for the Asian Development Fund and the Global
Agriculture and Food Security Program, both of which would see a 100% increase in funding for Agriculture and Food Security Program, both of which would see a 100% increase in funding for
FY2024, followed by the Clean Technology Fund (20.0%) and the African Development Fund FY2024, followed by the Clean Technology Fund (20.0%) and the African Development Fund
(15.0%). The only accounts that would see reductions from FY2023 enacted levels are the (15.0%). The only accounts that would see reductions from FY2023 enacted levels are the
International Monetary Fund (-100%) and the International Organizations and Programs account International Monetary Fund (-100%) and the International Organizations and Programs account
(-7.9%). A number of entities for which funding was included in the Administration’s request for (-7.9%). A number of entities for which funding was included in the Administration’s request for
FY2024 would not be funded in S. 2438, including the Asian Development Bank, Green Climate FY2024 would not be funded in S. 2438, including the Asian Development Bank, Green Climate
Fund, and Inter-American Development Bank, among others. Fund, and Inter-American Development Bank, among others.
Regional Assistance
As with prior year budget requests, the Administration did not propose regional funding As with prior year budget requests, the Administration did not propose regional funding
allocations that capture all appropriations accounts. For example, funding for humanitarian allocations that capture all appropriations accounts. For example, funding for humanitarian
assistance is proposed for what are referred to as “global” accounts, wherein funding would be assistance is proposed for what are referred to as “global” accounts, wherein funding would be
allocated throughout the fiscal year based on assessed needs and U.S. humanitarian priorities. allocated throughout the fiscal year based on assessed needs and U.S. humanitarian priorities.
The Administration, however, did propose regional funding for certain accounts. These included The Administration, however, did propose regional funding for certain accounts. These included
GHP; Development Assistance (DA); Economic Support Fund (ESF); Assistance to Europe, GHP; Development Assistance (DA); Economic Support Fund (ESF); Assistance to Europe,
Eurasia, and Central Asia (AEECA); and all five security assistance accounts. Compared with Eurasia, and Central Asia (AEECA); and all five security assistance accounts. Compared with
FY2022 actuals (not including emergency supplemental funding), for FY2024, the Administration FY2022 actuals (not including emergency supplemental funding), for FY2024, the Administration
proposed the largest increase in funding for Europe and Eurasia (+96.1%), followed by East Asia proposed the largest increase in funding for Europe and Eurasia (+96.1%), followed by East Asia
and the Pacific (+23.3%), South and Central Asia (+21.2%), Western Hemisphere (+21.1%), and and the Pacific (+23.3%), South and Central Asia (+21.2%), Western Hemisphere (+21.1%), and
sub-Saharan Africa (+5.1%); the proposal reduced regional funding only for the Near East region sub-Saharan Africa (+5.1%); the proposal reduced regional funding only for the Near East region
(-3.5%) (see(-3.5%) (see Figure 5). The Administration also set out priorities for certain regions, including . The Administration also set out priorities for certain regions, including
countering Russia’s malign influence and supporting Ukraine and other regional allies in Europe countering Russia’s malign influence and supporting Ukraine and other regional allies in Europe
and Eurasia; out-competing the PRC and advancing the Indo-Pacific strategy in East Asia and the and Eurasia; out-competing the PRC and advancing the Indo-Pacific strategy in East Asia and the
Pacific; and addressing the root causes of migration and bolstering civil society and governance Pacific; and addressing the root causes of migration and bolstering civil society and governance
in Central America. in Central America.
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Figure 5. Regional Assistance, FY2022 Actual vs. FY2024 Request

Source: CRS using data from the SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024. CRS using data from the SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024.
Notes: FY2022 is the most recent year for which “actual” data are available. FY2022 actuals do not include FY2022 is the most recent year for which “actual” data are available. FY2022 actuals do not include
emergency funding. GHP = Global Health Programs; DA = Development Assistance; ESF = Economic Support emergency funding. GHP = Global Health Programs; DA = Development Assistance; ESF = Economic Support
Fund; AEECA = Assistance for Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia; INCLE = International Narcotics Control and Fund; AEECA = Assistance for Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia; INCLE = International Narcotics Control and
Law Enforcement; NADR = Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining and Related Programs; PKO = Law Enforcement; NADR = Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining and Related Programs; PKO =
Peacekeeping Operations; IMET = International Military Education and Training; and FMF = Foreign Military Peacekeeping Operations; IMET = International Military Education and Training; and FMF = Foreign Military
Financing. Financing.
House Legislation. The House-passed legislation, H.R. 4665, and accompanying report do not The House-passed legislation, H.R. 4665, and accompanying report do not
provide comprehensive regional allocations but do specify assistance levels for several countries provide comprehensive regional allocations but do specify assistance levels for several countries
and regions. Examples include $3.3 billion for Israel, $2.16 billion in assistance for and regions. Examples include $3.3 billion for Israel, $2.16 billion in assistance for
implementation of the Indo-Pacific Strategy and Asia Reassurance Act (a further $1.24 billion implementation of the Indo-Pacific Strategy and Asia Reassurance Act (a further $1.24 billion
was designated for diplomatic engagement), and $1.65 billion for Jordan, among others. In was designated for diplomatic engagement), and $1.65 billion for Jordan, among others. In
addition to country- or region-specific funding directives, the House legislation proposes new addition to country- or region-specific funding directives, the House legislation proposes new
oversight measures related to assistance for certain countries and regions, including those oversight measures related to assistance for certain countries and regions, including those
pertaining to U.S. assistance for Ukraine.85 pertaining to U.S. assistance for Ukraine.85
Senate Legislation. S. 2438 also does not provide comprehensive regional allocations but S. 2438 also does not provide comprehensive regional allocations but
specifies assistance levels for selected countries and regions. Examples include $3.3 billion for specifies assistance levels for selected countries and regions. Examples include $3.3 billion for
Israel, $1.9 billion in assistance for implementation of the Indo-Pacific Strategy and Asia Israel, $1.9 billion in assistance for implementation of the Indo-Pacific Strategy and Asia
Reassurance Act, and $1.65 billion for Jordan, among others. The proposed measure also includes Reassurance Act, and $1.65 billion for Jordan, among others. The proposed measure also includes
selected new oversight measures, but largely remains consistent with legislative language used in selected new oversight measures, but largely remains consistent with legislative language used in
prior year appropriations. prior year appropriations.
Outlook
As Congress works toward finalizing SFOPS legislation for FY2024, issues that may feature in As Congress works toward finalizing SFOPS legislation for FY2024, issues that may feature in
debates include the following: debates include the following:
Ukraine and Emergency Supplemental Funding. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine affected Russia’s invasion of Ukraine affected
consideration of both FY2022 and FY2023 SFOPS appropriations and has remained a subject of consideration of both FY2022 and FY2023 SFOPS appropriations and has remained a subject of
debate in the FY2024 budget cycle. The Administration’s request for FY2024 noted that funds debate in the FY2024 budget cycle. The Administration’s request for FY2024 noted that funds
requested for the Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia Region would seek to help countries stabilize requested for the Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia Region would seek to help countries stabilize

85 H.R. 4665, Section 7046(b). 85 H.R. 4665, Section 7046(b).
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Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs

in the wake of Russian aggression and “prepare for a broader recovery.”86 Since the initial budget in the wake of Russian aggression and “prepare for a broader recovery.”86 Since the initial budget
request, the Administration’s two supplemental requests have called for a combined additional request, the Administration’s two supplemental requests have called for a combined additional
$23.85 billion in FY2024 emergency supplemental funding for Ukraine and countries affected by $23.85 billion in FY2024 emergency supplemental funding for Ukraine and countries affected by
the war in Ukraine.87 The second request also proposed a total of $10 billion for humanitarian the war in Ukraine.87 The second request also proposed a total of $10 billion for humanitarian
assistance accounts, but did not designate how much of such funds would be used for Ukraine assistance accounts, but did not designate how much of such funds would be used for Ukraine
specifically. Congress may evaluate evolving needs in Ukraine and the surrounding region as it specifically. Congress may evaluate evolving needs in Ukraine and the surrounding region as it
works to finalize FY2024 regular appropriations. Members may also be thinking about how, if at works to finalize FY2024 regular appropriations. Members may also be thinking about how, if at
all, they might address the Administration’s requests for emergency supplemental funding for this all, they might address the Administration’s requests for emergency supplemental funding for this
purpose. purpose.
Israel and Hamas Conflict. The Administration included as part of its October 20 request for The Administration included as part of its October 20 request for
emergency supplemental funding $3.5 billion in Foreign Military Financing for Israel. The emergency supplemental funding $3.5 billion in Foreign Military Financing for Israel. The
request also proposed making available some of the requested $10 billion for humanitarian request also proposed making available some of the requested $10 billion for humanitarian
assistance “to address humanitarian needs in response to the situation in Israel and the areas assistance “to address humanitarian needs in response to the situation in Israel and the areas
impacted by the situation in Israel.”88 Members may consider the Administration’s request for impacted by the situation in Israel.”88 Members may consider the Administration’s request for
assistance as it seeks to finalize FY2024 appropriations. If Members pursue a supplemental assistance as it seeks to finalize FY2024 appropriations. If Members pursue a supplemental
appropriations measure, they may consider whether to package such funds with other appropriations measure, they may consider whether to package such funds with other
congressional priorities and, if so, how that might affect support for such a proposal. Following congressional priorities and, if so, how that might affect support for such a proposal. Following
the request, some Members stated their support for an appropriations package that would include the request, some Members stated their support for an appropriations package that would include
funding for both Israel and Ukraine, noting that addressing such conflicts “requires a worldwide funding for both Israel and Ukraine, noting that addressing such conflicts “requires a worldwide
approach rather than trying to take parts of it out.”89 Others, however, suggested that the conflicts approach rather than trying to take parts of it out.”89 Others, however, suggested that the conflicts
“are two distinct events that deserve two distinct responses.”90 “are two distinct events that deserve two distinct responses.”90
Mandatory Funding. As noted above, SFOPS funds are traditionally discretionary, provided for As noted above, SFOPS funds are traditionally discretionary, provided for
in regular annual or emergency supplemental appropriations measures. FY2024 is the second in regular annual or emergency supplemental appropriations measures. FY2024 is the second
fiscal year for which the Administration requested mandatory funding for SFOPS purposes. fiscal year for which the Administration requested mandatory funding for SFOPS purposes.
While Congress did not act on the Administration’s proposal for mandatory funding for global While Congress did not act on the Administration’s proposal for mandatory funding for global
health purposes for FY2023, Congress did enact mandatory spending for the State Department in health purposes for FY2023, Congress did enact mandatory spending for the State Department in
the CHIPS Act of 2022 (Division A of P.L. 117-167), which makes funding available to the the CHIPS Act of 2022 (Division A of P.L. 117-167), which makes funding available to the
Secretary of State through a “CHIPS for America International Technology Security and Secretary of State through a “CHIPS for America International Technology Security and
Innovation Fund.” As Congress considers the FY2024 budget request, Members may consider Innovation Fund.” As Congress considers the FY2024 budget request, Members may consider
how, if at all, they might act on another Administration request for mandatory budget authority how, if at all, they might act on another Administration request for mandatory budget authority
and what budgetary precedent it may set to enact mandatory funding in a space that traditionally and what budgetary precedent it may set to enact mandatory funding in a space that traditionally
receives only discretionary money. receives only discretionary money.

86 U.S. Department of State, 86 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 99. , p. 99.
87 See letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy, Attachment 1. Ukraine 87 See letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy, Attachment 1. Ukraine
and Other International Needs at https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Final-Supplemental-and Other International Needs at https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Final-Supplemental-
Funding-Request-Letter-and-Technical-Materials.pdf; and letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to the Honorable Funding-Request-Letter-and-Technical-Materials.pdf; and letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to the Honorable
Patrick McHenry, pp. 1-3, at https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Letter-regarding-critical-Patrick McHenry, pp. 1-3, at https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Letter-regarding-critical-
national-security-funding-needs-for-FY-2024.pdf. national-security-funding-needs-for-FY-2024.pdf.
88 Ibid., p. 49. 88 Ibid., p. 49.
89 Kelly Garrity, “McConnell supports packaging aid to Ukraine and Israel together,” 89 Kelly Garrity, “McConnell supports packaging aid to Ukraine and Israel together,” Politico,, October 22, 2023. October 22, 2023.
90 Kevin Roberts and J.D. Vance, “Don’t hold up Israel aid to further Ukraine War funding,” 90 Kevin Roberts and J.D. Vance, “Don’t hold up Israel aid to further Ukraine War funding,” The Hill,, October 19, October 19,
2023. 2023.
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Appendix. Supplementary Tables and Figures
The following tables provide additional detail on and comparisons of the FY2024 request, The following tables provide additional detail on and comparisons of the FY2024 request,
FY2023 enacted, and FY2022 actual funding levels.FY2023 enacted, and FY2022 actual funding levels. Table A-1 provides an account-by-account provides an account-by-account
comparison of the three years;comparison of the three years; Table A-2 offers a similar comparison focused specifically on the offers a similar comparison focused specifically on the
International Affairs budgetInternational Affairs budget. Figure A-1 depicts the SFOPS account structure.depicts the SFOPS account structure. Table A-3 offers a offers a
list of CRS experts who focus on various issues related to International Affairs. list of CRS experts who focus on various issues related to International Affairs.
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Table A-1. Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations: FY2022-FY2024
(In millions of current U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals designated as emergency funds) (In millions of current U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals designated as emergency funds)
% Change
% Change
FY2024
FY2024
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
Request from
Request from
FY2024

Actuala
Enactedb
Request
FY2023 Base
FY2023 Total
FY2024 House
Senate
Title I. State, Broadcasting
18,178.74 18,178.74
17,541.42 17,541.42
19,164.05 19,164.05
+8.4% +8.4%
+9.3% +9.3%
14,532.11 14,532.11
17,961.72 17,961.72
& Related Agencies
(851.20) (851.20)
(152.55) (152.55)
(319.20) (319.20)
TOTAL
Administration of Foreign Administration of Foreign
13,526.41 13,526.41
13,115.95 13,115.95
13,986.61 13,986.61
+5.4% +5.4%
+6.6% +6.6%
12,243.46 12,243.46
13,314.25 13,314.25
Affairs, Subtotal Affairs, Subtotal
(826.20) (826.20)
(152.55) (152.55)
(319.20) (319.20)
Diplomatic Programs Diplomatic Programs
9,638.87 9,638.87
9,610.21 9,610.21
10,698.05 10,698.05
+10.3% +10.3%
+11.3% +11.3%
8,506.12 8,506.12
9,752.26 9,752.26
(346.73) (346.73)
(147.05) (147.05)
(264.20) (264.20)
of which Worldwide Security
3,788.20
3,813.71
4,166.17
+6.6%
+9.2%
4,066.17 4,066.17
3,863.71
Protection
(100.00)
Consular and Border Security Consular and Border Security
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
-434.00 -434.00
n.a. n.a.
n.a. n.a.
300.00 300.00
0.00 0.00
Programs Programs
Capital Investment Fund Capital Investment Fund
334.17 334.17
389.00 389.00
491.59 491.59
+26.4% +26.4%
+26.4% +26.4%
346.21 346.21
389.00 389.00
(34.17) (34.17)
Office of Inspector General Office of Inspector General
139.46 139.46
139.20 139.20
138.67 138.67
0.0% 0.0%
-0.4% -0.4%
135.00 135.00
134.67 134.67
(8.00) (8.00)
(5.50) (5.50)
(5.00) (5.00)
Education & Cultural Exchanges Education & Cultural Exchanges
763.15 763.15
777.50 777.50
783.72 783.72
+0.8% +0.8%
+0.8% +0.8%
700.95 700.95
779.54 779.54
(9.40) (9.40)
Representation Expenses Representation Expenses
7.42 7.42
7.42 7.42
7.42 7.42
0.0% 0.0%
0.0% 0.0%
7.42 7.42
7.42 7.42
Protection of Foreign Missions Protection of Foreign Missions
30.89 30.89
30.89 30.89
30.89 30.89
0.0% 0.0%
0.0% 0.0%
27.49 27.49
30.89 30.89
& Officials & Officials
Embassy Security, Construction Embassy Security, Construction
2,093.15 2,093.15
1,957.82 1,957.82
2,013.18 2,013.18
+2.8% +2.8%
+2.8% +2.8%
2,013.18 2,013.18
2,013.18 2,013.18
& Maintenance & Maintenance
(110.00) (110.00)
of which Worldwide Security
1,242.43
1,055.21
1,095.80
+3.8%
+3.8%
1,095.80
1,095.80
Upgrades
(110.00)
CRS-28 CRS-28

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% Change
% Change
FY2024
FY2024
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
Request from
Request from
FY2024

Actuala
Enactedb
Request
FY2023 Base
FY2023 Total
FY2024 House
Senate
Emergencies in the Diplomatic Emergencies in the Diplomatic
325.29 325.29
8.89 8.89
60.69 60.69
+20.3% +20.3%
+583.0% +583.0%
10.69 10.69
8.89 8.89
& Consular Services & Consular Services
(317.90) (317.90)
(50.00) (50.00)
Repatriation Loans Repatriation Loans
1.80 1.80
1.30 1.30
1.80 1.80
+38.5% +38.5%
+38.5% +38.5%
1.80 1.80
1.80 1.80
Payment to the American Payment to the American
32.58 32.58
34.08 34.08
34.96 34.96
+2.6% +2.6%
+2.6% +2.6%
34.96 34.96
36.96 36.96
Institute in Taiwan Institute in Taiwan
International Chancery Center International Chancery Center
0.74 0.74
0.74 0.74
0.74 0.74
+0.1% +0.1%
+0.1% +0.1%
0.74 0.74
0.74 0.74
Foreign Service Retirement Foreign Service Retirement
158.90 158.90
158.90 158.90
158.90 158.90
0.0% 0.0%
0.0% 0.0%
158.90 158.90
158.90
(mandatory) (mandatory)
International Organizations International Organizations
3,161.44 3,161.44
2,919.92 2,919.92
3,644.58 3,644.58
+24.8% +24.8%
+24.8% +24.8%
3,104.74 3,104.74
3,104.74 3,104.74
Contributions to International Contributions to International
1,662.93 1,662.93
1,438.00 1,438.00
1,703.88 1,703.88
+18.5% +18.5%
+18.5% +18.5%
245.80 245.80
1,622.83 1,622.83
Organizations (CIO) Organizations (CIO)
Contributions to International Contributions to International
1,498.51 1,498.51
1,481.92 1,481.92
1,940.70 1,940.70
+31.0% +31.0%
+31.0% +31.0%
601.59 601.59
1,481.92 1,481.92
Peacekeeping Activities Peacekeeping Activities
International Commissions International Commissions
180.85 180.85
192.89 192.89
172.13 172.13
-10.8% -10.8%
-10.8% -10.8%
225.60 225.60
197.05 197.05
(FUNCTION 300) (FUNCTION 300)
Int'l Boundary and Water Int'l Boundary and Water
103.00 103.00
110.97 110.97
104.82 104.82
-5.5% -5.5%
-5.5% -5.5%
146.53 146.53
117.83 117.83
Commission Commission
American Sections - American Sections -
15.01 15.01
16.20 16.20
13.51 13.51
-16.7% -16.7%
-16.7% -16.7%
16.20 16.20
13.51 13.51
International Commissions International Commissions
International Fisheries International Fisheries
62.85 62.85
65.72 65.72
53.80 53.80
-18.1% -18.1%
-18.1% -18.1%
62.86 62.86
65.72 65.72
Commissions Commissions
Agency for Global Media Agency for Global Media
885.00 885.00
884.70 884.70
944.00 944.00
+6.7% +6.7%
+6.7% +6.7%
807.90 807.90
904.70 904.70
(25.00) (25.00)
International Broadcasting International Broadcasting
875.30 875.30
875.00 875.00
934.30 934.30
+6.8% +6.8%
+6.8% +6.8%
798.20 798.20
895.00 895.00
Operations Operations
(25.00) (25.00)
Broadcasting Capital Broadcasting Capital
9.70 9.70
9.70 9.70
9.70 9.70
0.0% 0.0%
0.0% 0.0%
9.70 9.70
9.70 9.70
Improvements Improvements
CRS-29 CRS-29

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% Change
% Change
FY2024
FY2024
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
Request from
Request from
FY2024

Actuala
Enactedb
Request
FY2023 Base
FY2023 Total
FY2024 House
Senate
Related Programs, Subtotal Related Programs, Subtotal
410.73 410.73
414.44 414.44
402.06 402.06
-3.0% -3.0%
-3.0% -3.0%
393.29 393.29
425.50 425.50
Asia Foundation Asia Foundation
21.50 21.50
22.00 22.00
23.00 23.00
+4.5% +4.5%
+4.5% +4.5%
19.58 19.58
25.00 25.00
United States Institute of Peace United States Institute of Peace
54.00 54.00
55.00 55.00
56.30 56.30
+2.4% +2.4%
+2.4% +2.4%
38.63 38.63
60.00 60.00
Center for Middle Eastern- Center for Middle Eastern-
0.24 0.24
0.18 0.18
0.20 0.20
+14.7% +14.7%
+14.7% +14.7%
0.20 0.20
0.20 0.20
Western Dialogue Trust Fund Western Dialogue Trust Fund
Eisenhower Exchange Eisenhower Exchange
0.17 0.17
0.18 0.18
0.18 0.18
+2.9% +2.9%
+2.9% +2.9%
0.18 0.18
0.18 0.18
Fellowship Program Fellowship Program
Israeli-Arab Scholarship Israeli-Arab Scholarship
0.12 0.12
0.09 0.09
0.12 0.12
+28.6% +28.6%
+28.6% +28.6%
0.12 0.12
0.12 0.12
Program Program
East-West Center East-West Center
19.70 19.70
22.00 22.00
22.26 22.26
+1.2% +1.2%
+1.2% +1.2%
19.58 19.58
25.00 25.00
National Endowment for National Endowment for
315.00 315.00
315.00 315.00
300.00 300.00
-4.8% -4.8%
-4.8% -4.8%
315.00 315.00
315.00 315.00
Democracy Democracy
Other Commissions, Subtotal Other Commissions, Subtotal
15.05 15.05
13.53 13.53
14.68 14.68
+8.5% +8.5%
+8.5% +8.5%
14.48 14.48
15.48 15.48
Commission for the Commission for the
0.64 0.64
0.82 0.82
0.77 0.77
-6.0% -6.0%
-6.0% -6.0%
0.77 0.77
0.77 0.77
Preservation of America’s Preservation of America’s
Heritage Abroad Heritage Abroad
United States Commission on United States Commission on
4.50 4.50
3.50 3.50
4.70 4.70
+34.3% +34.3%
+34.3% +34.3%
4.50 4.50
3.50 3.50
International Religious Freedom International Religious Freedom
Commission on Security and Commission on Security and
2.91 2.91
2.91 2.91
2.91 2.91
+0.1% +0.1%
+0.1% +0.1%
2.91 2.91
2.91 2.91
Cooperation in Europe Cooperation in Europe
Congressional-Executive Congressional-Executive
2.25 2.25
2.30 2.30
2.30 2.30
0.0% 0.0%
0.0% 0.0%
2.30 2.30
2.30 2.30
Commission on the People’s Commission on the People’s
Republic of China Republic of China
United States-China Economic United States-China Economic
4.00 4.00
4.00 4.00
4.00 4.00
0.0% 0.0%
0.0% 0.0%
4.00 4.00
4.00 4.00
and Security Review and Security Review
Commission Commission
CRS-30 CRS-30

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% Change
% Change
FY2024
FY2024
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
Request from
Request from
FY2024

Actuala
Enactedb
Request
FY2023 Base
FY2023 Total
FY2024 House
Senate
Foreign Operations,
69,226.79 69,226.79
64,022.48 64,022.48
95,095.11 95,095.11
+16.4% +16.4%
+48.5% +48.5%
39,399.90 39,399.90
45,067.62 45,067.62
TOTAL
(28,343.10) (28,343.10)
(20,912.45) (20,912.45)
(43,684.18) (43,684.18)
~~(1,000.00)~~
(3,250.00) (3,250.00)
Title II. Administration of Title II. Administration of
2,021.15 2,021.15
2,095.95 2,095.95
2,2342.04 2,2342.04
+10.1% +10.1%
+11.7% +11.7%
1,506.71 1,506.71
2,142.36 2,142.36
Foreign Assistance Foreign Assistance
(47.00) (47.00)
(13.00) (13.00)
(49.00) (49.00)
USAID Operating Expenses USAID Operating Expenses
1,677.95 1,677.95
1,748.35 1,748.35
1,941.84 1,941.84
+9.1% +9.1%
+11.1% +11.1%
1,188.61 1,188.61
1,796.76 1,796.76
(42.00) (42.00)
(5.00) (5.00)
(39.00) (39.00)
Capital Investment Fund Capital Investment Fund
258.20 258.20
259.10 259.10
304.70 304.70
+17.6% +17.6%
+17.6% +17.6%
230.60 230.60
259.10 259.10
Inspector General Inspector General
85.00 85.00
88.50 88.50
95.50 95.50
+6.2% +6.2%
+7.9% +7.9%
87.50 87.50
86.50 86.50
(5.00) (5.00)
(8.00) (8.00)
(10.00) (10.00)
Title III. Bilateral Assistance Title III. Bilateral Assistance
49,837.34 49,837.34
48,926.60 48,926.60
65,110.55 65,110.55
+18.0% +18.0%
+33.1% +33.1%
26,145.59 26,145.59
30,272.99 30,272.99
(22,459.90) (22,459.90)
(20,339.45) (20,339.45)
(31,373.80) (31,373.80)
~~(1,000.00)~~
(3,250.00) (3,250.00)
Global Health Programs Global Health Programs
9,830.00 9,830.00
10,560.95 10,560.95
10,928.00 10,928.00
+3.5% +3.5%
+3.5% +3.5%
10,018.71 10,018.71
10,267.95 10,267.95
of which USAID
3,880.00
4,165.95
4,058.00
-2.6%
-2.6%
3,623.71 3,623.71
4,222.95 4,222.95
of which State
5,950.00
6,395.00
6,870.00
+7.4%
+7.4%
6,395.00 6,395.00
6,045.00 6,045.00
Development Assistance Development Assistance
4,140.49 4,140.49
4,368.61 4,368.61
5,425.70 5,425.70
+24.2% +24.2%
+24.2% +24.2%
3,000.00 3,000.00
3,978.61 3,978.61
International Disaster International Disaster
11,303.46 11,303.46
4,843.36 4,843.36
11,654.36 11,654.36
+20.3% +20.3%
+140.6% +140.6%
3,905.46 3,905.46
4,850.00 4,850.00
Assistance Assistance
(7,398.00) (7,398.00)
(937.90) (937.90)
(6,955.00) (6,955.00)
(1,091.00) (1,091.00)
Transition Initiatives Transition Initiatives
200.00 200.00
130.00 130.00
152.00 152.00
+27.5% +27.5%
+16.9% +16.9%
80.00 80.00
91.00 91.00
(120.00) (120.00)
(50.00) (50.00)
(50.00) (50.00)
Complex Crisis Fund Complex Crisis Fund
60.00 60.00
60.00 60.00
60.00 60.00
0.0% 0.0%
0.0% 0.0%
30.00 30.00
60.00 60.00
Economic Support Fund Economic Support Fund
13,486.00 13,486.00
21,767.80 21,767.80
21,176.49 21,176.49
+25.3% +25.3%
-2.7% -2.7%
3,977. 3,977.8585c
4,026.61 4,026.61
(9,387.00) (9,387.00)
(17,466.50) (17,466.50)
(15,785.00) (15,785.00)
~~(1,000.00)~~
(435.00) (435.00)
Democracy Fund Democracy Fund
340.70 340.70
355.70 355.70
290.70 290.70
-18.3% -18.3%
-18.3% -18.3%
355.70 355.70
355.70 355.70
Assistance for Europe, Eurasia Assistance for Europe, Eurasia
1,613.80 1,613.80
850.33 850.33
4,056.30 4,056.30
+109.8% +109.8%
+377.0% +377.0%
770.33 770.33
850.33 850.33
and Central Asia and Central Asia
(113.80) (113.80)
(350.00) (350.00)
(3,006.80) (3,006.80)
(350.00) (350.00)
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% Change
% Change
FY2024
FY2024
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
Request from
Request from
FY2024

Actuala
Enactedb
Request
FY2023 Base
FY2023 Total
FY2024 House
Senate
Migration and Refugee Migration and Refugee
5,077.19 5,077.19
4,447.24 4,447.24
9,489.00 9,489.00
+34.3% +34.3%
+113.4 +113.4
2,548.25 2,548.25
4,211.19 4,211.19
Assistance Assistance
(2,165.00) (2,165.00)
(1,535.05) (1,535.05)
(5,577.00) (5,577.00)
(1,374.00) (1,374.00)
Emergency Refugee and Emergency Refugee and
2,276.20 2,276.20
0.10 0.10
100.00 100.00
+99900.0% +99900.0%
+99900.0% +99900.0%
0.00 0.00
0.10 0.10
Migration Assistance Migration Assistance
(2,276.10) (2,276.10)
Independent Agencies, Subtotal Independent Agencies, Subtotal
1,404.50 1,404.50
1,452.50 1,452.50
1,666.00 1,666.00
+14.7% +14.7%
+14.7% +14.7%
1,368.00 1,368.00
1,476.50 1,476.50
Peace Corps Peace Corps
410.50 410.50
430.50 430.50
495.00 495.00
+15.0% +15.0%
+15.0% +15.0%
410.50 410.50
448.50 448.50
Mil ennium Challenge Mil ennium Challenge
912.00 912.00
930.00 930.00
1,073.00 1,073.00
+15.4% +15.4%
+15.4% +15.4%
905.00 905.00
930.00 930.00
Corporation Corporation
Inter-American Foundation Inter-American Foundation
42.00 42.00
47.00 47.00
52.00 52.00
+10.6% +10.6%
+10.6% +10.6%
22.50 22.50
52.00 52.00
U.S. Africa Development U.S. Africa Development
40.00 40.00
45.00 45.00
46.00 46.00
+2.2% +2.2%
+2.2% +2.2%
30.00 30.00
46.00 46.00
Foundation Foundation
Department of the Treasury, Department of the Treasury,
105.00 105.00
90.00 90.00
112.00 112.00
+24.4% +24.4%
+24.4% +24.4%
91.28 91.28
105.00 105.00
Subtotal Subtotal
International Affairs Technical International Affairs Technical
38.00 38.00
38.00 38.00
45.00 45.00
+18.4% +18.4%
+18.4% +18.4%
30.00 30.00
38.00 38.00
Assistance Assistance
Treasury Debt Restructuring Treasury Debt Restructuring
67.00 67.00
52.00 52.00
67.00 67.00
+28.8% +28.8%
+28.8% +28.8%
46.28 46.28
52.00 52.00
Tropical Forest and Coral Reef Tropical Forest and Coral Reef

20.00 20.00

-100.0% -100.0%
-100.0% -100.0%
15.00 15.00
15.00 15.00
Conservation Conservation
Title IV. International Security Title IV. International Security
14,085.55 14,085.55
9,498.73 9,498.73
17,839.08 17,839.08
+1.5% +1.5%
+88.4% +88.4%
9,670.40 9,670.40
8,820.93 8,820.93
Assistance Assistance
(5,186.20) (5,186.20)
(560.00) (560.00)
(8,817.00) (8,817.00)
International Narcotics Control International Narcotics Control
1,821.00 1,821.00
1,766.00 1,766.00
1,907.40 1,907.40
+6.7% +6.7%
+8.0% +8.0%
1,500.47 1,500.47
1,466.00 1,466.00
and Law Enforcement and Law Enforcement
(430.00) (430.00)
(375.00) (375.00)
(423.00) (423.00)
Nonproliferation, Anti- Nonproliferation, Anti-
1,006.20 1,006.20
1,026.00 1,026.00
1,115.25 1,115.25
0.0% 0.0%
+8.7% +8.7%
921.00 921.00
921.00 921.00
terrorism, Demining and terrorism, Demining and
(106.20) (106.20)
(105.00) (105.00)
(194.00) (194.00)
Related Related
Peacekeeping Operations Peacekeeping Operations
455.00 455.00
460.76 460.76
420.46 420.46
-8.7% -8.7%
-8.7% -8.7%
420.46 420.46
415.46 415.46
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% Change
% Change
FY2024
FY2024
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
Request from
Request from
FY2024

Actuala
Enactedb
Request
FY2023 Base
FY2023 Total
FY2024 House
Senate
International Military Education International Military Education
112.93 112.93
112.93 112.93
125.43 125.43
+11.1% +11.1%
+11.1% +11.1%
125.43 125.43
125.43 125.43
and Training and Training
Foreign Military Financing Foreign Military Financing
10,690.42 10,690.42
6,133.05 6,133.05
14,324.55 14,324.55
+1.2% +1.2%
+133.6% +133.6%
6,703.05 6,703.05
5,893.05 5,893.05
(4,650.00) (4,650.00)
(80.00) (80.00)
(8,200.00) (8,200.00)
Title V. Multilateral Assistance Title V. Multilateral Assistance
3,024.46 3,024.46
2,763.12 2,763.12
7,905.58 7,905.58
+59.6% +59.6%
+186.1% +186.1%
1,549.11 1,549.11
3,007.28 3,007.28
(650.00) (650.00)
(3,494.38) (3,494.38)
International Organizations and International Organizations and
423.00 423.00
508.60 508.60
485.85 485.85
-4.5% -4.5%
-4.5% -4.5%
0.00 0.00
468.45 468.45
Programs Programs
Int'l Bank for Reconstruction Int'l Bank for Reconstruction
706.50 706.50
206.50 206.50
1,977.70 1,977.70
+13.0% +13.0%
+857.7% +857.7%
206.50 206.50
206.50 206.50
and Development and Development
(1,744.38) (1,744.38)
Global Environment Facility Global Environment Facility
149.29 149.29
150.20 150.20
168.70 168.70
+12.3% +12.3%
+12.3% +12.3%
139.58 139.58
150.20 150.20
International Development International Development
1,001.40 1,001.40
1,430.26 1,430.26
2,479.26 2,479.26
+3.4% +3.4%
+125.8% +125.8%
1,097.01 1,097.01
1,430.26 1,430.26
Association Association
(1,750.00) (1,750.00)
Asian Development Bank Asian Development Bank

119.38 119.38
n.a. n.a.
n.a. n.a.
0.00 0.00

Asian Development Fund Asian Development Fund
53.32 53.32
43.61 43.61
107.22 107.22
+145.9% +145.9%
+145.9% +145.9%
43.61 43.61
87.22 87.22
African Development Bank African Development Bank
54.65 54.65
54.65 54.65
54.65 54.65
0.0% 0.0%
0.0% 0.0%
32.42 32.42
54.65 54.65
African Development Fund African Development Fund
211.30 211.30
171.30 171.30
224.00 224.00
+30.8% +30.8%
+30.8% +30.8%
0.00 0.00
197.00 197.00
Inter-American Development Inter-American Development

75.00 75.00
n.a. n.a.
n.a. n.a.
0.00 0.00

Bank Bank
Green Climate Fund Green Climate Fund

800.00 800.00
n.a. n.a.
n.a. n.a.
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
MDB Climate Trust Funds and MDB Climate Trust Funds and

27.00 27.00
n.a. n.a.
n.a. n.a.
0.00 0.00

Facilities Facilities
Quality Infrastructure Quality Infrastructure

40.00 40.00
n.a. n.a.
n.a. n.a.
0.00 0.00

Treasury International Treasury International

50.00 50.00
n.a. n.a.
n.a. n.a.
0.00 0.00
200.00 200.00
Assistance Programs Assistance Programs
Clean Technology Fund Clean Technology Fund
125.00 125.00
125.00 125.00
425.00 425.00
+240.0% +240.0%
+240.0% +240.0%
0.00 0.00
150.00 150.00
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% Change
% Change
FY2024
FY2024
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
Request from
Request from
FY2024

Actuala
Enactedb
Request
FY2023 Base
FY2023 Total
FY2024 House
Senate
International Monetary Fund International Monetary Fund
102.00 102.00
20.00 20.00

-100.0% -100.0%
-100.0% -100.0%
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
International Fund for International Fund for
43.00 43.00
43.00 43.00
81.83 81.83
+90.3% +90.3%
+90.3% +90.3%
30.00 30.00
43.00 43.00
Agricultural Development Agricultural Development
European Bank for European Bank for
500.00 500.00

0.00 0.00
20.00 20.00
Reconstruction and Reconstruction and
(500.00) (500.00)
Development Development
Global Agriculture and Food Global Agriculture and Food
155.00 155.00
10.00 10.00
40.00 40.00
+300.0% +300.0%
+300.0% +300.0%
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
Security Program Security Program
(150.00) (150.00)
Title VI. Export and Investment Title VI. Export and Investment
515.29 515.29
738.08 738.08
643.86 643.86
-12.8% -12.8%
-12.8% -12.8%
528.09 528.09
824.06 824.06
Assistance Assistance
Export-Import Bank Export-Import Bank
92.00 92.00
57.50 57.50
-38.84 -38.84
-167.5% -167.5%
-167.5% -167.5%
98.86 98.86
112.86 112.86
International Development International Development
343.79 343.79
593.58 593.58
565.20 565.20
-4.8% -4.8%
-4.8% -4.8%
342.23 342.23
611.20 611.20
Finance Corporation Finance Corporation
Trade and Development Trade and Development
79.50 79.50
87.00 87.00
117.50 117.50
+35.1% +35.1%
+35.1% +35.1%
87.00 87.00
100.00 100.00
Agency Agency
Other Funding Other Funding

1,200.00 1,200.00

(1,200.00 (1,200.00)cd
SFOPS TOTAL, before
87,662.53
81,563.90
114,259.16
+14.1%
+40.1%
53,932.01
63,029.35
rescissions
(29,194.30)
(21,065.00)
(45,253.38)
~~(1,000.00)~~
(3,250.00)
Rescissions, net Rescissions, net
-2,243.78 -2,243.78
-667.00 -667.00
-273.00 -273.00
-59.1% -59.1%
-59.1% -59.1%
-13,406.10 -13,406.10
-1,262.45 -1,262.45
SFOPS TOTAL, Net of
85,418.75
80,896.90
113,986.16
+14.9%
+40.9%
40,525.91
61,766.90
Rescissions
(29,194.30)
(21,065.00)
(45,253.38)
~~(1,000.00)~~
(3,250.00)
Sources: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328; H.R. 4665; S. 2438; Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328; H.R. 4665; S. 2438; Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of
the House Kevin McCarthy; Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to the Honorable Patrick McHenry. the House Kevin McCarthy; Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to the Honorable Patrick McHenry.
Notes: Figures in parentheses are amounts designated as emergency funding and are subsumed in the larger account number above them. Numbers may not add due to Figures in parentheses are amounts designated as emergency funding and are subsumed in the larger account number above them. Numbers may not add due to
rounding. rounding.
CRS-34 CRS-34

a. Totals include base and emergency supplemental appropriations from the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-103), and emergency supplemental a. Totals include base and emergency supplemental appropriations from the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-103), and emergency supplemental
funding from the FY2022 Extending Funding and Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43), FY2022 Further Extending Government Funding Act (P.L. 117-70), and the funding from the FY2022 Extending Funding and Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43), FY2022 Further Extending Government Funding Act (P.L. 117-70), and the
Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-128). Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-128).
b. Totals include base and emergency supplemental appropriations from the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-328), and emergency supplemental b. Totals include base and emergency supplemental appropriations from the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-328), and emergency supplemental
funding from the Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-180, Division B). funding from the Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-180, Division B).
c. Includes c. Includes $1.00 bil ion for “programs to advance United States national security interests in the Indo-Pacific and counter the malign influence of the People’s Republic of China.” Funds may also be transferred to a “Compact Assistance Fund” (see Title VIII of H.R. 4665). d. Includes the Administration’s request for $1.00 bil ion for a new International Infrastructure Fund and $200.0 mil ion for a new Countering Russian Malign Actors in the Administration’s request for $1.00 bil ion for a new International Infrastructure Fund and $200.0 mil ion for a new Countering Russian Malign Actors in
Africa Fund, both of which would largely be administered by the Department of State. Africa Fund, both of which would largely be administered by the Department of State.
CRS-35 CRS-35

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The International Affairs budget, or Function 150, includes funding that is not in the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related The International Affairs budget, or Function 150, includes funding that is not in the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related
Programs (SFOPS) appropriation; in particular, international food assistance programs (Food for Peace Act, Title II (FFP) and McGovern-Dole Programs (SFOPS) appropriation; in particular, international food assistance programs (Food for Peace Act, Title II (FFP) and McGovern-Dole
International Food for Education and Child Nutrition programs) are in the Agriculture appropriations, and the Foreign Claim Settlement International Food for Education and Child Nutrition programs) are in the Agriculture appropriations, and the Foreign Claim Settlement
Commission and the International Trade Commission are in the Commerce, Justice, Science appropriations. In addition, the SFOPS Commission and the International Trade Commission are in the Commerce, Justice, Science appropriations. In addition, the SFOPS
appropriation measure includes funding for certain international commissions that are not part of the International Affairs Function 150 account. appropriation measure includes funding for certain international commissions that are not part of the International Affairs Function 150 account.
Table A-2. International Affairs Budget: FY2022-FY2024
(In millions of current U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals designated as emergency funds) (In millions of current U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals designated as emergency funds)
% Change
% Change
FY2024
FY2024
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
Request from
Request from
FY2024
FY2024

Actuala
~~Enactedb~~Enactedb
Request
FY2023 Base
FY2023 Total
House
Senate
SFOPS, excluding
85,237.89
80,704.01
113,864.03
+15.0%
+41.1
41,525.90
61,766.90
Commissions
(29,194.30)
(21,065.00)
(45,303.38)
~~(1,000.00)~~
(3,250.00)
Agriculture
2,077.00
2,048.33
2,043.33
+2.5%
-0.2%
1,980.00
2,048.33
(100.00)
(55.00)
Food for Peace Act, Title II Food for Peace Act, Title II
1,840.00 1,840.00
1,800.00 1,800.00
1,800.00 1,800.00
+2.9% +2.9%
0.0% 0.0%
1,740.00 1,740.00
1,800.00 1,800.00
(100.00) (100.00)
(50.00) (50.00)
McGovern-Dole McGovern-Dole
237.00 237.00
248.33 248.33
243.33 243.33
0.0% 0.0%
-2.0% -2.0%
240.00 240.00
248.33 248.33
(5.00) (5.00)
Commerce-Science-Justice
112.43
124.90
130.01
+4.1%
+4.1%
n.a.
125.00
Foreign Claims Settlement Foreign Claims Settlement
2.43 2.43
2.50 2.50
2.61 2.61
+4.2% +4.2%
+4.2% +4.2%
n.a. n.a.
2.60 2.60
Commission Commission
International Trade Commission International Trade Commission
110.00 110.00
122.40 122.40
127.40 127.40
+4.1% +4.1%
+4.1% +4.1%
n.a. n.a.
122.40 122.40
Total International Affairs
87,427.33
82,877.25
116,037.37
+14.5%
+40.0%
42,280.30
63,743.18
(150)
(29,294.30)
(21,120.00)
(45,303.38)
~~(1,000.00)~~
(3,250.00)
Sources: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328; H.R. 4665; S. 2438; H.R. SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328; H.R. 4665; S. 2438; H.R. ~~4638~~4368; S. 2131; S. 2321; Letter from OMB Director ; S. 2131; S. 2321; Letter from OMB Director
Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy; Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to the Honorable Patrick McHenry. Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy; Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to the Honorable Patrick McHenry.
Notes: Figures in parentheses are amounts designated as emergency funding and are subsumed in the larger account number above them. Numbers may not add due to Figures in parentheses are amounts designated as emergency funding and are subsumed in the larger account number above them. Numbers may not add due to
rounding. rounding.
CRS-36 CRS-36

Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs

Figure A-1. International Affairs Budget Components

Source: Created by CRS. Created by CRS.
Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

38 38

Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs

Table A-3. CRS Experts, International Affairs
Area of Expertise
Name
By Agency/Sector
Development Assistance Development Assistance
Emily McCabe Emily McCabe
Nick Brown Nick Brown
Democracy and Human Rights Democracy and Human Rights
Michael Weber Michael Weber
Development Finance Corporation Development Finance Corporation
Shayerah Ilias Akhtar Shayerah Ilias Akhtar
Nick Brown Nick Brown
Diplomatic Security Diplomatic Security
Cory Gil Cory Gil
Export-Import Bank Export-Import Bank
Shayerah Ilias Akhtar Shayerah Ilias Akhtar
Family Planning/Reproductive Health Family Planning/Reproductive Health
Luisa Blanchfield Luisa Blanchfield
Global Health Programs Global Health Programs
Tiaji Salaam-Blyther Tiaji Salaam-Blyther
Humanitarian Assistance Humanitarian Assistance
Rhoda Margesson Rhoda Margesson
International Crime and Narcotics International Crime and Narcotics
Liana Rosen Liana Rosen
International Organizations/United Nations International Organizations/United Nations
Luisa Blanchfield Luisa Blanchfield
Mil ennium Challenge Corporation Mil ennium Challenge Corporation
Nick Brown Nick Brown
Multilateral Development Banks Multilateral Development Banks
Marty Weiss Marty Weiss
Rebecca Nelson Rebecca Nelson
Peace Corps Peace Corps
Nick Brown Nick Brown
Peacekeeping Peacekeeping
Luisa Blanchfield Luisa Blanchfield
Public Diplomacy Public Diplomacy
Matthew Weed Matthew Weed
State Department Operations State Department Operations
Cory Gil Cory Gil
Security Assistance Security Assistance
Christina Arabia Christina Arabia
Terrorism Terrorism
John Rol ins John Rol ins
U.S. Agency for Global Media U.S. Agency for Global Media
Matthew Weed Matthew Weed
U.S. Agency for International Development U.S. Agency for International Development
Emily McCabe Emily McCabe
Nick Brown Nick Brown
By Country/Region
Africa Africa
Alexis Arieff Alexis Arieff
Asia Asia
Thomas Lum Thomas Lum
Europe Europe
Sarah Garding Sarah Garding
Latin America and the Caribbean Latin America and the Caribbean
Peter Meyer Peter Meyer
Middle East Middle East
Jeremy Sharp Jeremy Sharp
Russia and Ukraine Russia and Ukraine
Cory Welt Cory Welt
~~Notes~~Note: For a list of CRS appropriations experts covering issues beyond international affairs, For a list of CRS appropriations experts covering issues beyond international affairs, congressional staff may see CRS Report see CRS Report
R42638, R42638, Appropriations: CRS Experts, by James M. Specht and Justin Murray. , by James M. Specht and Justin Murray.

Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

39 39

Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs

Author Information

Emily M. McCabe Emily M. McCabe
Cory R. Gill Cory R. Gill
Acting Section Research Manager Acting Section Research Manager
Analyst in Foreign Affairs Analyst in Foreign Affairs

Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan
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its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include copyrighted images or its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include copyrighted images or
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Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service
R47579 R47579 · VERSION 37 · UPDATED
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