Internships in Congressional Offices:
May 4, 2023
Frequently Asked Questions
Sarah J. Eckman

Internships in Congressional Offices: Frequently Asked Questions

Updated May 22, 2025 (R44491) Jump to Main Text of Report

Contents

• 1. What is an intern? How is an intern different from a volunteer, fellow, or a page?
• 2. What congressional rules specifically apply to interns?
• Use of Official Email, Social Media, and Technology Resources
• Giving and Receiving Gifts
• 3. What other information might an office provide to interns?
• 4. What is the selection process for interns?
• 5. Do interns have to be U.S. citizens?
• 6. Can interns participate in campaign activities?
• 7. Can interns be related to Members or regular employees?
• 8. Is there a minimum or maximum age for interns?
• 9. How long does an internship last?
• 10. Can interns receive congressional pay?
• 11. Can an intern be paid by another organization?
• 12. Can an intern receive school credit?
• 13. How many interns can an office have?
• 14. Are there differences between district/state and DC internships?
• 15. Are there mandatory trainings for interns?
• 16. What congressional programs are available for interns?

Summary

Many interns serve in various congressional offices, assisting individual Members, committees, Many interns serve in various congressional offices, assisting individual Members, committees,
Analyst in American
and other offices or support services. Interns serve the House or Senate in a temporary capacity, and other offices or support services. Interns serve the House or Senate in a temporary capacity,
National Government
primarily for an educational benefit, although some interns may receive pay for their service. primarily for an educational benefit, although some interns may receive pay for their service.

Like many aspects of congressional operations, individual House or Senate offices can make Like many aspects of congressional operations, individual House or Senate offices can make
many of their own rules and guidelines for interns, if they choose to operate an internship many of their own rules and guidelines for interns, if they choose to operate an internship

program. Additional institutional rules, however, may also apply. In the House, policies set by program. Additional institutional rules, however, may also apply. In the House, policies set by
the Committee on Ethics or the Committee on House Administration may also affect congressional offices and interns, and in the Committee on Ethics or the Committee on House Administration may also affect congressional offices and interns, and in
the Senate, additional relevant policies may be set by the Senate Select Committee on Ethics or the Committee on Rules and the Senate, additional relevant policies may be set by the Senate Select Committee on Ethics or the Committee on Rules and
Administration.Administration.
In some limited circumstances, interns may also be covered by aspects of the Congressional Accountability Act (CAA). This report addresses frequently asked questions (FAQs) about congressional interns and internships. It is intended to provide This report addresses frequently asked questions (FAQs) about congressional interns and internships. It is intended to provide
information to congressional offices about the role of interns and to provide a summary of some of the policies and guidance information to congressional offices about the role of interns and to provide a summary of some of the policies and guidance
provided by the House and the Senate related to internships. It addresses the House and Senate rules that apply to provided by the House and the Senate related to internships. It addresses the House and Senate rules that apply to
congressional internships, factors that may affect an officecongressional internships, factors that may affect an office’'s selection process and an individuals selection process and an individual’'s eligibility to serve in an s eligibility to serve in an
internship, and some of the congressional resources and training opportunities available for interns. For additional internship, and some of the congressional resources and training opportunities available for interns. For additional
information about internship opportunities, refer to CRS Report 98-654, information about internship opportunities, refer to CRS Report 98-654, Internships, Fellowships, and Other Work
Experience Opportunities in the Federal Government..
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Contents
1. What is an intern? How is an intern different from a volunteer, fellow, or a page? .............. 1
2. What congressional rules specifically apply to interns?........................................................ 2
Use of Official Email, Social Media, and Technology Resources ...................................... 3
Giving and Receiving Gifts ................................................................................................ 4
3. What other information might an office provide to interns? ................................................. 4
4. What is the selection process for interns? ............................................................................. 4
5. Do interns have to be U.S. citizens?...................................................................................... 5
6. Can interns participate in campaign activities? ..................................................................... 5
7. Can interns be related to Members or regular employees? ................................................... 5
8. Is there a minimum or maximum age for interns? ................................................................ 6
9. How long does an internship last?......................................................................................... 6
10. Can interns receive congressional pay? .............................................................................. 7
11. Can an intern be paid by another organization? .................................................................. 8
12. Can an intern receive school credit? ................................................................................... 9
13. How many interns can an office have? ............................................................................... 9
14. Are there differences between district/state and DC internships? ....................................... 9
15. Are there mandatory trainings for interns? ........................................................................ 10
16. What congressional programs are available for interns? .................................................... 11

Contacts
Author Information ......................................................................................................................... 11

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Internships in Congressional Offices: Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is an intern? How is an intern different from a volunteer,
fellow, or a page?

1. What is an intern? How is an intern different from a volunteer, fellow, or a page?

A number of opportunities exist for individuals who are not regular congressional employees to A number of opportunities exist for individuals who are not regular congressional employees to
provide assistance to congressional offices. The titles used to describe these positions are provide assistance to congressional offices. The titles used to describe these positions are
sometimes used interchangeably, but there can also be some key differences.sometimes used interchangeably, but there can also be some key differences.1
• 1 An An intern is an individual who provides assistance, paid or unpaid, to a is an individual who provides assistance, paid or unpaid, to a
congressional office on a temporary basis. The internship experience is typically congressional office on a temporary basis. The internship experience is typically
considered to provide an educational benefit for that individual.considered to provide an educational benefit for that individual.22 An intern An intern’'s role s role
does not substitute for or replace the duties of regular employees. If an intern is does not substitute for or replace the duties of regular employees. If an intern is
paid, then some of the rules applicable to congressional employees may apply.paid, then some of the rules applicable to congressional employees may apply.
This report focuses on congressional interns, as described above, although their role can This report focuses on congressional interns, as described above, although their role can
sometimes seem similar to individuals in the following positions:sometimes seem similar to individuals in the following positions:
• A A volunteer also provides assistance to a congressional office, and the also provides assistance to a congressional office, and the
experience is generally considered to be of educational value for the volunteer. In experience is generally considered to be of educational value for the volunteer. In
many cases, a volunteermany cases, a volunteer’'s role in a congressional office can be similar to that of s role in a congressional office can be similar to that of
an unpaid intern. A volunteer cannot receive financial compensation for his or her an unpaid intern. A volunteer cannot receive financial compensation for his or her
serviceservice from any source. The volunteer. The volunteer’'s assignments are not to replace the regular duties of paid s assignments are not to replace the regular duties of paid
employees.employees.
• A A fellow is an individual who also performs services in a congressional office on is an individual who also performs services in a congressional office on
a temporary basis, but typically through participation in an established, graduate-a temporary basis, but typically through participation in an established, graduate-
level or mid-career education program. Fellows often receive compensation from level or mid-career education program. Fellows often receive compensation from
a sponsoring employer, professional association, or other organization while a sponsoring employer, professional association, or other organization while
working in Congress during the course of the fellowships. Congressional offices working in Congress during the course of the fellowships. Congressional offices
may try to recruit fellows and work with existing programs, but a fellowship is may try to recruit fellows and work with existing programs, but a fellowship is
usually not a position a congressional office creates on its own.usually not a position a congressional office creates on its own.
• A A page is a high-school junior, at least 16 years old, who participates in a more is a high-school junior, at least 16 years old, who participates in a more
structured program for a semester or summer. Pages continue to serve in the structured program for a semester or summer. Pages continue to serve in the
Senate, but the House program was discontinued in Senate, but the House program was discontinued in 20102011. Although they are . Although they are
appointed by individual Senators, the pages provide assistance as a group in the appointed by individual Senators, the pages provide assistance as a group in the
Senate chamber, and receive housing, education, and a stipend from the Senate.Senate chamber, and receive housing, education, and a stipend from the Senate.³2. What congressional rules specifically apply to interns? 3

1 The four definitions in this section were primarily adapted from information from the House of Representatives,
provided in U.S. Congress, House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, House Ethics Manual, committee
print, 117th Cong., 2nd sess., 2022, p. 285 [hereinafter cited as House Ethics Manual, and also available at
https://ethics.house.gov/house-ethics-manual]; and U.S. Congress, House Committee on House Administration,
Members’ Congressional Handbook, 118th Cong., updated March 31, 2023, pp. 5-9 [hereinafter cited as Members’
Congressional Handbook, and also available at https://cha.house.gov/member-services/handbooks/members-
congressional-handbook]. Many of the same criteria for interns, volunteers, and fellows overlap with descriptions from
the Senate in U.S. Congress, Senate Select Committee on Ethics, Senate Ethics Manual, 108th Cong., 1st sess., S. Pub.
108-1, pp. 113-114 [hereinafter cited as Senate Ethics Manual, and also available at http://www.ethics.senate.gov/
downloads/pdffiles/manual.pdf].
2 For the purposes of compliance with Fair Labor Standards Act provisions, the Office of Congressional Workplace
Rights (formerly Office of Compliance) has previously noted that an intern performs services for an office as part of an
educational plan not to exceed a total of 12 months. See U.S. Congress Office of Compliance, CAA Handbook, 2005, p.
49 [hereinafter cited as CAA Handbook].
3 More information on pages is found in CRS Report 98-758, Pages of the United States Congress: History and
Program Administration.
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Internships in Congressional Offices: Frequently Asked Questions

2. What congressional rules specifically apply to interns?
Few statutes or standing rules of the House or Senate make specific references to congressional Few statutes or standing rules of the House or Senate make specific references to congressional
interns. In many cases, the distinction between a paid internship and an unpaid internship affects interns. In many cases, the distinction between a paid internship and an unpaid internship affects
which formal rules apply to interns. Guidance and policies for House interns can be found in the which formal rules apply to interns. Guidance and policies for House interns can be found in the
House Ethics Manual,,44 in the in the Members’' Congressional Handbook,,5 Congressional Committee
Handbook,6 Committees' Congressional Handbook,⁶ or User's Guide for Member & Committee Offices,⁷ from the House Committee on Ethics, from the House Committee on Ethics,78 and from the Committee on House and from the Committee on House
Administration.Administration.89 For Senate interns, guidance and policies are mainly found in the For Senate interns, guidance and policies are mainly found in the Senate Ethics
Manual,,910 from the Senate Select Committee on Ethics, from the Senate Select Committee on Ethics,1011 and from the Senate Committee on and from the Senate Committee on
Rules and Administration.Rules and Administration.1112 Congressional offices can choose to set additional rules for their Congressional offices can choose to set additional rules for their
interns to follow.interns to follow.
House or Senate rules that apply to paid congressional employees generally extend to paid interns House or Senate rules that apply to paid congressional employees generally extend to paid interns
as well.as well.1213 These might include, but are not limited to, the Code of Official Conduct for the These might include, but are not limited to, the Code of Official Conduct for the
appropriate chamber,appropriate chamber,1314 gift restrictions, gift restrictions,1415 ban on solicitations, ban on solicitations,1516 and prohibition on payment for a and prohibition on payment for a
speech, appearance, or publication.speech, appearance, or publication.1617 Financial disclosure rules may also apply in the Senate if the Financial disclosure rules may also apply in the Senate if the
intern is receiving compensation from a source other than the U.S. government.intern is receiving compensation from a source other than the U.S. government.1718 Paid interns are Paid interns are
exempt from some provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act that otherwise apply to

4 House Ethics Manual, available at https://ethics.house.gov/house-ethics-manual.
5 Members’ Congressional Handbook, available at https://cha.house.gov/member-services/handbooks/members-
congressional-handbook.
6 U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on House Administration, Congressional Committee Handbook, available
at https://cha.house.gov/member-services/handbooks/committees-congressional-handbook [hereinafter cited as
Congressional Committee Handbook].
7 U.S. House of Representatives, House Committee on Ethics, available at https://ethics.house.gov.
8 U.S. House of Representatives, House Committee on House Administration, available at https://cha.house.gov/.
9 Senate Ethics Manual, available at http://www.ethics.senate.gov/downloads/pdffiles/manual.pdf.
10 U.S. Senate, Select Committee on Ethics, available at http://www.ethics.senate.gov/.
11 U.S. Senate, Committee on Rules and Administration, previously accessed at http://webster.senate.gov/rules/.
12 In the House, “an individual who is serving as a paid intern or fellow must comply with all the laws, rules, and
standards of conduct applicable to House employees.” House Ethics Manual, p. 286. For the Senate, “paid interns are
under the same rules as Senate staff.” U.S. Senate, Office of Education and Training, “Intern Class Descriptions,”
previously accessed at http://webster.senate.gov/interns/intern-class-descriptions. Elsewhere, the Senate Ethics
Committee notes that this applies to paid interns who work in a full-time capacity for at least 90 days; see Senate Ethics
Manual, p. 115; “Interpretative Ruling No. 111,” April 5, 1978, printed in U.S. Congress, Senate Select Committee on
Ethics, Interpretative Rulings of the Select Committee on Ethics, committee print, 103rd Cong., 1st sess., February 1993,
S.Prt. 103-21, p. 48.
13 Rule XXIII in U.S. Congress, House, Rules of the House of Representatives, prepared by Cheryl L. Johnson, Clerk of
the House of Representatives, 118th Cong., 1st sess., January 10, 2023, pp. 40-42 [hereinafter cited as House Rules and
also available at https://rules.house.gov/sites/republicans.rules118.house.gov/files/documents/
Rules%20and%20Resources/118-House-Rules-Clerk.pdf]; House Ethics Manual, p. 286; U.S. Congress, Senate, The
Senate Code of Official Conduct, prepared by the Senate Select Committee on Ethics, 117th Cong., 1st sess., October
2021 [hereinafter cited as Senate Code of Official Conduct and available at https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/
index.cfm/senate-code-of-official-conduct].
14 Rule XXV, cl. 5, House Rules, pp. 42-46; House Ethics Manual, pp. 286, Gifts-3; Rule XXXV, Senate Code of
Official Conduct, pp. 3-14; Senate Ethics Manual, ch. 2.
15 5 U.S.C. §7353; House Ethics Manual, pp. 286, Gifts-4-Gifts-5; Rule XLI, Senate Code of Official Conduct, pp. 26-
27.
16 5 U.S.C. app. 4 §501(b); Rule XXV, cl. 1, House Rules, p. 42; House Ethics Manual, p. Gifts-3; Rule XXXVI,
Senate Code of Official Conduct, p. 15; Senate Ethics Manual, pp. 98-100.
17 Senate Ethics Manual, pp. 114-115.
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congressional staff, like minimum wage and overtime pay requirements, as well as employee
benefits, like insurance and retirement.18
Fewer House or Senate rules may apply to unpaid interns than to paid interns.exempt from some provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act that otherwise apply to congressional staff, like minimum wage and overtime pay requirements, as well as employee benefits, like insurance and retirement.¹⁹ Fewer House or Senate rules may apply to unpaid interns than to paid interns. The Office of Congressional Workplace Rights (OCWR) notes that interns are covered by the Congressional Accountability Act under certain limited circumstances.²⁰ To enhance To enhance
accountability for unpaid interns, the House or Senate ethics committees or individual accountability for unpaid interns, the House or Senate ethics committees or individual
congressional offices can set standards for unpaid interns to abide by that mirror some of the congressional offices can set standards for unpaid interns to abide by that mirror some of the
same rules that paid interns or congressional employees follow. A congressional office can same rules that paid interns or congressional employees follow. A congressional office can
enforce the rules it sets as internal office policies for unpaid interns, whereas the House and enforce the rules it sets as internal office policies for unpaid interns, whereas the House and
Senate institutionally may have fewer enforcement mechanisms affecting unpaid interns.Senate institutionally may have fewer enforcement mechanisms affecting unpaid interns.
The House Committee on Ethics, for example, advises that offices obtain an agreement in writing The House Committee on Ethics, for example, advises that offices obtain an agreement in writing
from unpaid interns at the outset of an internship. This agreement would acknowledge that the from unpaid interns at the outset of an internship. This agreement would acknowledge that the
intern agreesintern agrees “, "to serve without compensation and to not make any future claim for payment, and to serve without compensation and to not make any future claim for payment, and
acknowledge that the voluntary service does not constitute House employment.acknowledge that the voluntary service does not constitute House employment.”19"²¹ The committee The committee
also suggests that unpaid interns refrain from actions that present themselves as congressional also suggests that unpaid interns refrain from actions that present themselves as congressional
officers or employees.officers or employees.20
22 The Senate Select Committee on Ethics requires that unpaid interns file a disclaimer with the The Senate Select Committee on Ethics requires that unpaid interns file a disclaimer with the
Financial Clerk of the Senate acknowledging that their service is voluntary, or gratuitous, in Financial Clerk of the Senate acknowledging that their service is voluntary, or gratuitous, in
nature. The committee also notes that the conflict-of-interest provisions in the Standing Rules of nature. The committee also notes that the conflict-of-interest provisions in the Standing Rules of
the Senate the Senate “"apply to any intern, fellow, or volunteer providing Senate services,apply to any intern, fellow, or volunteer providing Senate services,”" even if the even if the
individual is only working for a single day. Interns performing full-time services in the Senate for individual is only working for a single day. Interns performing full-time services in the Senate for
overmore than 90 days during a calendar year are also required to abide by the Senate Code of Conduct. 90 days during a calendar year are also required to abide by the Senate Code of Conduct.21
23 Use of Official Email, Social Media, and Technology Resources
It may be useful for House and Senate interns to familiarize themselves with the broader It may be useful for House and Senate interns to familiarize themselves with the broader
technology-use policies that apply to congressional offices.technology-use policies that apply to congressional offices.2224 Computers, email accounts, internet Computers, email accounts, internet
access, and other technology resources provided to interns by the congressional office primarily access, and other technology resources provided to interns by the congressional office primarily
should be used for official congressional business with any personal use limited and incidental. should be used for official congressional business with any personal use limited and incidental.
Because information sent and received from a congressional computer or network may be traced Because information sent and received from a congressional computer or network may be traced
back to a particular office, an office may choose to implement additional standards for internsback to a particular office, an office may choose to implement additional standards for interns’
' incidental computer and internet usage. Offices may also develop guidelines for what is or is not incidental computer and internet usage. Offices may also develop guidelines for what is or is not
permissible for interns to post on social media or public websites about their work. Under

18 2 U.S.C. §1313(a)(2); 2 U.S.C. §5321(b).
19 House Ethics Manual, pp. 288, 405.
20 See House Ethics Manual, p. 406:
House Rule 23, clause 11, part of the Code of Official Conduct, provides that a Member of the
House of Representatives shall not authorize or otherwise allow a non-House individual or
organization to use the words “Congress of the United States,” “House of Representatives,” or
“official business” on any letterhead or envelope. The intent of this provision is to prevent persons
who are not Members, officers, or employees of the House from represent that their activities are
officially sponsored or sanctioned.... Accordingly, individuals not paid by the House of
Representatives may not use or obtain business cards or other materials suggesting an employment
relationship with the House.
21 Senate Ethics Manual, p. 115.
22 For the House, see U.S. House, Committee on House Administration, House Information Security Policies, May 24,
2018, at https://housenet.house.gov/cha-policies; for the Senate, see U.S. Senate, Committee on Rules and
Administration, Internet Services and Technology Resources Usage Rules, November 9, 2015, previously accessed at
http://webster.senate.gov/rules/internet-usage-policy.
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permissible for interns to post on social media or public websites about their work. Under regulations from the Committee on House Administration, interns paid by the House may be regulations from the Committee on House Administration, interns paid by the House may be
issued laptops, tablets, or mobile phones to access the House network.issued laptops, tablets, or mobile phones to access the House network.23
25 Giving and Receiving Gifts
Paid interns are required to follow the House or Senate gift rules that apply to regular Paid interns are required to follow the House or Senate gift rules that apply to regular
employees,employees,2426 and the House and Senate ethics committees advise that unpaid interns should also and the House and Senate ethics committees advise that unpaid interns should also
abide by the gift rules.abide by the gift rules.2527 Generally, these rules prohibit (1) receiving gifts from lobbyists or Generally, these rules prohibit (1) receiving gifts from lobbyists or
foreign agents, (2) receiving any individual gift valued at over $50, and (3) receiving $100 or foreign agents, (2) receiving any individual gift valued at over $50, and (3) receiving $100 or
more in gifts (each valued at $10 or more) from a single source. In most cases, it is typically more in gifts (each valued at $10 or more) from a single source. In most cases, it is typically
permissible for a Member, staffer, or office to give an intern a small gift in recognition of his or permissible for a Member, staffer, or office to give an intern a small gift in recognition of his or
her service.her service.2628 Federal law, however, prohibits supervisors from accepting gifts from interns. Federal law, however, prohibits supervisors from accepting gifts from interns.27
29 3. What other information might an office provide to interns?
Offices often provide additional information or guidance to interns about congressional Offices often provide additional information or guidance to interns about congressional
operations or resources.operations or resources.2830 Offices, for example, might provide an overview of the House or Offices, for example, might provide an overview of the House or
Senate rules that apply to interns, or clarify their own office policies regarding attendance, Senate rules that apply to interns, or clarify their own office policies regarding attendance,
technology use, phone etiquette, and other expectations. Information about emergency procedures technology use, phone etiquette, and other expectations. Information about emergency procedures
and contact information for the appropriate police or medical services is commonly providedand contact information for the appropriate police or medical services is commonly provided (the Capitol Police and Office of the Attending Physician, for staff in Washington, DC, and local contacts for interns in district or state offices). .
Some offices may provide interns with a basic overview of the legislative process or how to Some offices may provide interns with a basic overview of the legislative process or how to
perform legislative research. Locations of buildings or offices within the Capitol Complex and perform legislative research. Locations of buildings or offices within the Capitol Complex and
information on dining facilities and other on-site services may be useful for interns on Capitol information on dining facilities and other on-site services may be useful for interns on Capitol
Hill, and similar information about the area surrounding a state or district office could be Hill, and similar information about the area surrounding a state or district office could be
provided to interns in those offices.provided to interns in those offices.
4. What is the selection process for interns?
House and Senate offices are able to set many of their own requirements for intern selection, just House and Senate offices are able to set many of their own requirements for intern selection, just
as they are with general personnel decisions. Some offices, for example, may require that interns as they are with general personnel decisions. Some offices, for example, may require that interns
are currently enrolled students, have reached a certain level of education, or that interns live in a are currently enrolled students, have reached a certain level of education, or that interns live in a
Member’Member's district or state. Many congressional offices post internship opportunities and s district or state. Many congressional offices post internship opportunities and
application procedures on their websites. House offices can use the House Vacancy application procedures on their websites. House offices can use the House Vacancy
Announcement and Placement Service to post an internship announcement and may also request

23 U.S. House, Committee on House Administration, “Updated House Paid Internship Program Regulations and Intern
Telework Policy,” e-Dear Colleague letter, May 6, 2020, available at https://e-dearcolleague.house.gov/Home/Preview?
DCID=300070.
24 See House Ethics Manual, ch. 2; Senate Ethics Manual, ch. 2.
25 House Ethics Manual, p. Gift-3; U.S. Senate, Select Committee on Ethics, Code of Conduct for Unpaid Interns,
[video], previously accessed at http://webster.senate.gov/interns/training/intern-videos/senate-code-of-conduct-for-
unpaid-interns.
26 House Rule XXV, cl. 5(a)(3)(F), House Rules, p. 44; Senate Rule XXXV, cl. 1, available in Senate Code of Official
Conduct, pp. 3-9.
27 5 U.S.C. §7351.
28 Although some of the information it contains is specific to House offices on Capitol Hill, the Committee on House
Administration created an intern manual that offices may provide to interns or use as an example for creating their own
intern guidance. See U.S. Congress, House, Committee on House Administration, Model Intern Handbook, 2019,
available at https://cha.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/democrats-cha.house.gov/files/documents/member_services_docs/
Model%20Intern%20Handbook.pdf.
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Announcement and Placement Service to post an internship announcement and may also request resumes from its resume bank.resumes from its resume bank.2931 Similarly, the Senate Placement Office can publish opportunities Similarly, the Senate Placement Office can publish opportunities
for internships, collect applications, or provide resumes from its resume bank if a Senate office for internships, collect applications, or provide resumes from its resume bank if a Senate office
chooses to use the service.chooses to use the service.30
32 5. Do interns have to be U.S. citizens?
In many instances, Members of Congress have broad discretion to determine who works in their In many instances, Members of Congress have broad discretion to determine who works in their
offices, but different laws, rules, and considerations may apply to a noncitizenoffices, but different laws, rules, and considerations may apply to a noncitizen’'s potential service, s potential service,
based on the individualbased on the individual’'s status, particularly if the individual receives pay.s status, particularly if the individual receives pay.3133 House offices may House offices may
wish to contact the Office of the General Counsel, Committee on Ethics, or the Committee on wish to contact the Office of the General Counsel, Committee on Ethics, or the Committee on
House Administration before employing a noncitizen as an intern. In the Senate, offices may wish House Administration before employing a noncitizen as an intern. In the Senate, offices may wish
to contact the Senate Disbursing Office, Office of Legal Counsel, Select Committee on Ethics, or to contact the Senate Disbursing Office, Office of Legal Counsel, Select Committee on Ethics, or
the Committee on Rules and Administration for guidance on employing noncitizen interns.the Committee on Rules and Administration for guidance on employing noncitizen interns.
The House and Senate ethics manuals provide some general guidance for congressional offices on The House and Senate ethics manuals provide some general guidance for congressional offices on
working with foreign-national interns.working with foreign-national interns. Conflict-of-interest considerations may affect the Conflict-of-interest considerations may affect the
responsibilities an office chooses to assign to a foreign-national intern. Interns who are foreign-responsibilities an office chooses to assign to a foreign-national intern. Interns who are foreign-
nationals should not be assigned duties that might influence U.S. policy in a way that benefits the nationals should not be assigned duties that might influence U.S. policy in a way that benefits the
intern’intern's home country. As with interns who are U.S. citizens or nationals, a foreign-national intern s home country. As with interns who are U.S. citizens or nationals, a foreign-national intern
who receives outside funding for an internship should not be assigned work responsibilities that who receives outside funding for an internship should not be assigned work responsibilities that
might affect the internmight affect the intern’'s employer or other sponsoring organization.s employer or other sponsoring organization.32
34 6. Can interns participate in campaign activities?
The respective ethics manuals remind Member offices Member offices are to be careful not to mix official congressional resources with campaign to be careful not to mix official congressional resources with campaign
resources.resources.3335 Interns working in a congressional office may also work for a political campaign, but Interns working in a congressional office may also work for a political campaign, but
the two responsibilities are to be carefully delineated and kept separate so that congressional time, the two responsibilities are to be carefully delineated and kept separate so that congressional time,
property, facilities, equipment, or other resources are not used for electoral campaigns. The property, facilities, equipment, or other resources are not used for electoral campaigns. The
prohibitions against using congressional resources for political purposes extend broadly and prohibitions against using congressional resources for political purposes extend broadly and
include any campaign activities within House or Senate offices, rooms, and buildings, even if include any campaign activities within House or Senate offices, rooms, and buildings, even if
such activities are conducted online using a staffersuch activities are conducted online using a staffer’'s personal account or device.s personal account or device.
7. Can interns be related to Members or regular employees?
If an intern is paid, then the standard prohibitions regarding nepotism or employment of relatives If an intern is paid, then the standard prohibitions regarding nepotism or employment of relatives
established in law and House or Senate rules apply.established in law and House or Senate rules apply.3436 Because each congressional office is its own Because each congressional office is its own
hiring authority, an intern may be related to another Member or staff in a different office without

29 See HouseNet, “Vacancy Announcement and Placement Service,” at https://housenet.house.gov/office-support/staff-
your-office/vacancy-announcement-and-placement-service.
30 The Senate Placement Office’s website is available at http://www.senate.gov/employment.
31 For example, noncitizens who are nationals from U.S. territories (8 U.S.C. §1408), refugees (8 U.S.C. §1157),
granted asylum (8 U.S.C. §1158), or lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States (i.e., hold a green
card) (8 U.S.C. §1324b) may not be subject to the same rules as other foreign-nationals.
32 House Ethics Manual, p. 287; Senate Ethics Manual, pp. 114-115.
33 House Ethics Manual, ch. 4. For Senate guidance on campaign activities, see Dear Colleague Letter from U.S.
Senate, Select Committee on Ethics, April 22, 2016, http://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/
dearcolleagueletters?ID=F3FCB4E7-3DFF-4AE6-88E7-0AEDD7E3D761.
34 5 U.S.C. §3110 lists the family members that Members of Congress, as public officials, are prohibited from
personally hiring or recommending to agencies under congressional control. See also House Rule XXIII, cl. 8, House
Rules, p. 40; House Ethics Manual, pp. 272-273, 288-289; Senate Ethics Manual, pp. 195-196.
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hiring authority, an intern may be related to another Member or staff in a different office without violating these rules. The House Ethics Committee also notes that a Member in the House can violating these rules. The House Ethics Committee also notes that a Member in the House can
accept volunteer services from immediate family.accept volunteer services from immediate family.35
37 8. Is there a minimum or maximum age for interns?
Often, interns in congressional offices are college-age individuals or recent college graduates Often, interns in congressional offices are college-age individuals or recent college graduates
between 18 and 24 years old.between 18 and 24 years old.3638 Historically, individuals under 18 generally Historically, individuals under 18 generally serveserved Congress as Congress as
pages. There is no minimum age for congressional interns.pages. There is no minimum age for congressional interns.3739 If working with interns who are If working with interns who are
under 18, an office may want to consider the potential concerns related to working with minors under 18, an office may want to consider the potential concerns related to working with minors
and carefully evaluate the job-related skills and maturity of the prospective intern.and carefully evaluate the job-related skills and maturity of the prospective intern.
There is also no maximum age for interns. Older individuals returning to higher education, There is also no maximum age for interns. Older individuals returning to higher education,
considering a career change, or seeking a congressional internship for other reasons could also considering a career change, or seeking a congressional internship for other reasons could also
receive an educational benefit from such service and may have useful experience to share with a receive an educational benefit from such service and may have useful experience to share with a
congressional office. In 1978, the Senate initiated a Senior Citizen Internship Program for congressional office. In 1978, the Senate initiated a Senior Citizen Internship Program for
individuals over 60 years old; the program operated for a number of years, but is currently individuals over 60 years old; the program operated for a number of years, but is currently
inactive.inactive.38
40 9. How long does an internship last?
Internship lengths often reflect time periods designated by the academic calendar, occurring, for Internship lengths often reflect time periods designated by the academic calendar, occurring, for
example, over the course of the fall or spring semester, or during the summer. On their websites, example, over the course of the fall or spring semester, or during the summer. On their websites,
some congressional offices advertise some congressional offices advertise threetwo- or four-week internships, whereas others expect interns to -week internships, whereas others expect interns to
serve for multiple monthsserve for multiple months or the duration of an academic semester or term. Internship lengths within the same office can vary too, depending on . Internship lengths within the same office can vary too, depending on
the internthe intern’'s availability and the offices availability and the office’'s resource constraints.s resource constraints.
There are no minimum lengths for House or Senate internships in statute, but certain There are no minimum lengths for House or Senate internships in statute, but certain
considerations may affect the parameters offices choose for how long an internship should last. considerations may affect the parameters offices choose for how long an internship should last.
Congressional documents generally state that internships serve primarily as an educational Congressional documents generally state that internships serve primarily as an educational
experience.experience.3941 To meet this expectation, a congressional office may determine a minimum length To meet this expectation, a congressional office may determine a minimum length
for internships based on the amount of time it believes necessary to provide a sufficient learning for internships based on the amount of time it believes necessary to provide a sufficient learning
opportunity.opportunity.
More detailed guidance is available for the maximum length of internships. Paid interns in the More detailed guidance is available for the maximum length of internships. Paid interns in the
House can serve no longer than 120 days during a 12-month period.House can serve no longer than 120 days during a 12-month period.4042 For unpaid interns, House guidance for volunteers notes that "such voluntary assistance should not supplant the normal and regular duties of paid employees."⁴³ For unpaid interns, House

35 House Ethics Manual, p. 288.
36 The House website, for example, advertises “College Internships” at https://www.house.gov/educators-and-students/
college-internships; the Senate Office of Education and Training states that “the average age of Senate interns is
between 18 and 24; with the majority of interns currently attending college.” See U.S. Senate, Office of Education and
Training, Best Practices for Creating and Managing A Senate Intern Program, February 19, 2014, p. 8.
37 The Fair Labor Standards Act typically restricts employment of individuals under age 16, but 2 U.S.C. §1313(a)(2)
excludes interns meeting certain criteria from these provisions.
38 U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Rules and Administration, Senate Manual, Containing the Standing Rules,
Orders, Laws, and Resolutions Affecting the Business of the United States Senate, 117th Cong., 1st sess., January 1,
2022, S.Doc. 117-1, at https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/SMAN-117/pdf/SMAN-117.pdf, pp. 182-183 [hereinafter
Senate Manual]; S.Res. 219, 95th Cong., 2nd sess., May 5, 1978; S.Res. 96, 102nd Cong., 1st sess., April 24, 1991.
39 House Ethics Manual, pp. 285, 403; Members’ Congressional Handbook, pp. 5-6; Senate Ethics Manual, p. 113;
“Interpretative Ruling No. 442,” April 12, 1992, printed in U.S. Congress, Senate Select Committee on Ethics,
Interpretative Rulings of the Select Committee on Ethics, committee print, 103rd Cong., 1st sess., February 1993, S.Prt.
103-21, p. 283; CAA Handbook, p. 49.
40 2 U.S.C. §5321(c)(2). Although the statutory language refers to “interns” generally in House Member offices, the
(continued...)
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guidance for Member offices suggests that “limitations should be imposed on ... the duration of
services any one volunteer may provide,” to ensure “that such voluntary assistance does not
supplant the normal and regular duties of paid employees.”41 The The Senate Handbook notes that an notes that an
internship should be for a total period not exceeding 12 months,internship should be for a total period not exceeding 12 months,4244 and the Office of Workplace and the Office of Workplace
Rights (formerly Office of Compliance) has previously suggested the same maximum length for Rights (formerly Office of Compliance) has previously suggested the same maximum length for
internships.internships.43
45 10. Can interns receive congressional pay?
Interns may receive pay from the congressional office in which they work, if the office chooses to Interns may receive pay from the congressional office in which they work, if the office chooses to
provide it. provide it. FY2023 appropriations for the HouseThe continuing resolution for FY2025 and the FY2024 appropriations bill provide some designated provide some designated funding44funding⁴⁶ for for
internships in internships in Members’House Members' personal offices,⁴⁷ in House committees,⁴⁸ in House leadership offices, and in Senators' personal offices.⁴⁹ personal offices,45 in committees, and in House leadership offices.
FY2023 appropriations for the Senate provide some designated funding for internships in
Senators’ personal offices.46 Members may also use their own office resources, such as from the Members may also use their own office resources, such as from the
Members’Members' Representational Allowance (MRA) in the Representational Allowance (MRA) in the House47House⁵⁰ and the Senators and the Senators’' Official Official
Personnel and Office Expense Account (SOPOEA) in the Senate,Personnel and Office Expense Account (SOPOEA) in the Senate,4851 to provide compensation for to provide compensation for
interns. Committees or other congressional offices may provide compensation for interns through

Committee on House Administration applies it to “paid interns.” See “Categories of Staff,” Members’ Handbook, pp. 4-
5; “House Paid Internship Program” at https://cha.house.gov/house-paid-internship-program; also “Interns” and “House
Paid Internship Program” in U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on House Administration, Congressional
Committee Handbook, pp. 5-6.
41 House Ethics Manual, p. 405.
42 The 12 months of service do not have to be consecutive in the Senate. See U.S. Senate, Committee on Rules and
Administration, United States Senate Handbook, (October 2010), p. I-8.
43 CAA Handbook, p. 49.
44 P.L. 117-328, Division I. For more information on funding for House internships in the FY2023 legislative branch
appropriations bill, see H.Rept. 117-389, pp. 7, 9-10. For additional regulations and administrative information, see
Committee Resolution 118-05, Committee on House Administration, February 2, 2023, at https://cha.house.gov/sites/
evo-subsites/republicans-cha.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/resolution-118-05.pdf; Committee Resolution 118-
11, Committee on House Administration, March 8, 2023, at https://cha.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicans-
cha.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/cmte-res-118-11committee-house-paid-internship-program-allocation.pdf;
Committee Resolution 117-19, Committee on House Administration, April 1, 2022, at https://cha.house.gov/sites/evo-
subsites/republicans-cha.house.gov/files/documents/Committee%20Resolution%20117-19.pdf; Committee Resolution
117-07, Committee on House Administration, February 10, 2021, at https://cha.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/
republicans-cha.house.gov/files/Committee%20on%20House%20Administration%20Resolution%20117-
07%20House%20Paid%20Internships%20Adopted.pdf; Committee Resolution 116-19, Committee on House
Administration, May 5, 2020, at http://cha.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/democrats-cha.house.gov/files/documents/
Resolution%20116-19%20Paid%20Internship%20Regulations%20Adopted.pdf; and “House Paid Internship Program,”
at https://democrats-cha.house.gov/member-services/house-paid-internship-program. Funding was first provided for
FY2019 for interns in Member offices; more information on FY2019 House internship funding is available in P.L. 115-
244, Division B; and H.Rept. 115-929, pp. 203-204.
45 Interns in the House Paid Internship Program may also be employed by a Member and placed with an eligible
congressional membership organization (ECMO), as determined by the Committee on House Administration. See
Committee Resolution 117-07, Committee on House Administration, February 10, 2021, at https://cha.house.gov/sites/
evo-subsites/republicans-cha.house.gov/files/Committee%20on%20House%20Administration%20Resolution%20117-
07%20House%20Paid%20Internships%20Adopted.pdf.
46 P.L. 117-328, Division I. For more information on funding for Senate internships in the FY2023 legislative branch
appropriations bill, see U.S. Senate, Committee on Appropriations, Explanatory Statement for the Legislative Branch
Appropriations Bill, 2023, pp. 16, 28-29, available at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/download/lbfy23rpt.
Funding was first provided for FY2019; more information on FY2019 Senate internship funding is available in P.L.
115-244, Division B; and S.Rept. 115-274, pp. 25-26.
47 2 U.S.C. §§5321, 5322a.
48 According to the Senate Committee on Ethics, Senate interns may also be paid from the personal funds of the
employing Senator. See Senate Ethics Manual, p. 114.
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their appropriate accounts designated for staff salaries. In the House, the Committee on House
Administration has set a gross annual rate of pay for interns for Member and committee offices to
follow.49
Paid interns working in Washington, DC, may also be eligible for transit subsidies.50 Paid
interns. Committees or other congressional offices may provide compensation for interns through their appropriate accounts designated for staff salaries. In the House, the Committee on House Administration has typically set a maximum and minimum gross annual rate of pay for interns for Member and committee offices. Currently, the Members' Handbook provides that rate of pay for interns "is at the discretion of the Member but may not be less than $1,200 annually or exceed the maximum rate of pay for interns set by the Committee, which is currently set at $38,500 annually."⁵² Interns in the House Paid Internship Program are not subject to minimum annual pay rates that may otherwise apply to staff.⁵³ Paid interns working in Washington, DC, or district offices may also be eligible for transit subsidies.⁵⁴ Paid congressional interns are exempt from many of the provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act of congressional interns are exempt from many of the provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act of
1938, as amended, that otherwise apply to congressional staff, including minimum wage 1938, as amended, that otherwise apply to congressional staff, including minimum wage
requirements and overtime compensation.requirements and overtime compensation.51
55 Previously, the Lyndon Baines Johnson Congressional Intern Program operated in the House from Previously, the Lyndon Baines Johnson Congressional Intern Program operated in the House from
1973 to 1994 and made two-month paid internships available for each Member office. Funds for 1973 to 1994 and made two-month paid internships available for each Member office. Funds for
this program have not been appropriated since the this program have not been appropriated since the 103rd103^rd Congress (1993-1994). Congress (1993-1994).52
56 11. Can an intern be paid by another organization?
Many educational institutions or other organizations sponsor congressional internships, and Many educational institutions or other organizations sponsor congressional internships, and
interns may receive stipends from these groups for their internships. Some of these internship interns may receive stipends from these groups for their internships. Some of these internship
opportunities are listed in CRS Report 98-654, opportunities are listed in CRS Report 98-654, Internships, Fellowships, and Other Work
Experience Opportunities in the Federal Government..5357 Some of these organizations operate Some of these organizations operate
internship programs in conjunction with congressional caucuses or other congressional entities to internship programs in conjunction with congressional caucuses or other congressional entities to
place paid interns in congressional offices.place paid interns in congressional offices.5458 This is permissible, as long as there is no conflict of This is permissible, as long as there is no conflict of
interest presented during the course of the internship.interest presented during the course of the internship.5559 Additionally, the House and Senate ethics Additionally, the House and Senate ethics
committees note that Members or staff cannot raise funds for programs that place interns or committees note that Members or staff cannot raise funds for programs that place interns or
fellows in their own offices.fellows in their own offices.5660 When an intern is sponsored by an outside entity, ethics guidance When an intern is sponsored by an outside entity, ethics guidance
says the intern should not be given responsibilities that could result in a direct or indirect benefit says the intern should not be given responsibilities that could result in a direct or indirect benefit
to the sponsor.to the sponsor.5761 If an intern is paid by an outside organization, congressional offices might take If an intern is paid by an outside organization, congressional offices might take
steps to ensure that the internsteps to ensure that the intern’'s duties do not supplant the regular duties of official staff, as this s duties do not supplant the regular duties of official staff, as this

49 For the current rate, contact the Committee on House Administration. Interns paid above this gross annual rate may
count against the office’s regular staff ceiling.
50 For the House, see U.S. House of Representatives, Transit Benefits Administrator, “Transit Benefits,” February 3,
2022, at https://housenet.house.gov/for-staff/other-benefits/transit-benefits.
51 2 U.S.C. §1313(a)(2).
52 See U.S. Congress, House, Constitution, Jefferson’s Manual, and Rules of the House of Representatives of the United
States One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, prepared by Thomas J. Wickham, Parliamentarian, 112th Cong., 2nd sess.,
May 31, 2013, H.Doc. 112-161, p. 43. The LBJ Internship Program remains codified at 2 U.S.C. §5322.
53 Due to the number of outside groups who might be able to sponsor these internships, it is not possible to maintain a
fully comprehensive list.
54 One example of this type of internship is the Gregg and Livingston Harper Congressional Internship Program for
Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities; see https://republicans-cha.house.gov/member-services/gregg-and-livingston-
harper-congressional-internship-program-individuals.
55 House Rule XXVII, House Rules, p. 47; House Ethics Manual, pp. 187-188; Senate Rule XXXVII, Senate Code of
Official Conduct, pp. 16-21; Senate Ethics Manual, pp. 66-69; “Interpretative Ruling No. 385,” July 31, 1984, printed
in U.S. Congress, Senate Select Committee on Ethics, Interpretative Rulings of the Select Committee on Ethics,
committee print, 103rd Cong., 1st sess., February 1993, S. Prt. 103-21, pp. 226-228.
56 For the House, see “Advisory Opinion No. 6” in U.S. Congress, House Select Committee on Ethics, Final Report of
the Select Committee on Ethics, 95th Cong., 2nd sess., May 9, 1977, H.Rept. 95-1837, p. 65, and http://ethics.house.gov/
staff-rights-and-duties/volunteers-interns-fellows-and-detailees; House Ethics Manual, pp. 286, 363; for the Senate, see
Senate Ethics Manual, p. 113.
57 House Ethics Manual, p. 286; Senate Ethics Manual, pp. 113-114.
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could be considered a violation of rules that prohibit House Members from using outside could be considered a violation of rules that prohibit House Members from using outside
resources to conduct their official duties.resources to conduct their official duties.58
62 12. Can an intern receive school credit?
The House and Senate expect that a congressional internship provides an educational experience The House and Senate expect that a congressional internship provides an educational experience
but, institutionally, make no requirements that an intern receive school credit or be a currently but, institutionally, make no requirements that an intern receive school credit or be a currently
enrolled student. Some congressional offices may choose to select interns on the basis of whether enrolled student. Some congressional offices may choose to select interns on the basis of whether
they will receive, or will not receive, academic credit for the experience. Each educational they will receive, or will not receive, academic credit for the experience. Each educational
institution sets its own requirements for granting academic credit, and while some schools or institution sets its own requirements for granting academic credit, and while some schools or
academic departments encourage internships and grant academic credit for them, others do not academic departments encourage internships and grant academic credit for them, others do not
allow students to receive academic credit for internships. School requirements may prevent a allow students to receive academic credit for internships. School requirements may prevent a
student from receiving academic credit for an internship experience that the intern may have student from receiving academic credit for an internship experience that the intern may have
personally found to be highly educational. A short internship, for example, may not meet a personally found to be highly educational. A short internship, for example, may not meet a
school’school's requirement for the number of hours served to receive credits requirement for the number of hours served to receive credit.
, or students may be responsible for paying tuition on any academic credits earned. 13. How many interns can an office have?
There is no minimum required number of interns for each congressional office; offices are not There is no minimum required number of interns for each congressional office; offices are not
obligated to hire any interns unless they choose to. If interns are unpaid, there is no cap on the obligated to hire any interns unless they choose to. If interns are unpaid, there is no cap on the
maximum number of interns for either the House or Senate. Offices, however, may want to ensure maximum number of interns for either the House or Senate. Offices, however, may want to ensure
there is enough office space for interns to work in, and that there is enough work available to there is enough office space for interns to work in, and that there is enough work available to
provide interns with a sufficient educational experience. If interns are paid, there may be a provide interns with a sufficient educational experience. If interns are paid, there may be a
maximum number of interns an office can employ, based on applicable staff ceiling rules for the maximum number of interns an office can employ, based on applicable staff ceiling rules for the
office. Under 2 U.S.C. §5321, interns in House Member offices paid by the Membersoffice. Under 2 U.S.C. §5321, interns in House Member offices paid by the Members’' MRA MRA
count against the applicable staff ceiling for House personal offices.count against the applicable staff ceiling for House personal offices.5963 Interns in House Member Interns in House Member
offices paid under the House intern program do not count against the staff ceiling for House offices paid under the House intern program do not count against the staff ceiling for House
personal offices.personal offices.60
64 The number of interns in offices can fluctuate from year to year and within seasons during the The number of interns in offices can fluctuate from year to year and within seasons during the
year. During the summer, for example, offices commonly have more interns than during other year. During the summer, for example, offices commonly have more interns than during other
parts of the year. For Member offices, the location of an internship in Washington, DC, or in a parts of the year. For Member offices, the location of an internship in Washington, DC, or in a
state or district office may also affect the number of interested and available interns.state or district office may also affect the number of interested and available interns.
14. Are there differences between district/state and DC internships?
The substance of the work performed in an internship may vary between district/state offices and The substance of the work performed in an internship may vary between district/state offices and
Washington, DC, offices if the roles assumed by those different Member offices vary. For Washington, DC, offices if the roles assumed by those different Member offices vary. For
example, an internexample, an intern’'s tasks may involve more constituent service activities in a district or state s tasks may involve more constituent service activities in a district or state
office than they would in a Washington, DC, office where the emphasis may be more on office than they would in a Washington, DC, office where the emphasis may be more on
legislative activities. The same House and Senate rules and policies generally apply to district or legislative activities. The same House and Senate rules and policies generally apply to district or
state office interns and to Washington, DC, office interns. Due to the high concentration of state office interns and to Washington, DC, office interns. Due to the high concentration of

58 House Ethics Manual, pp. 291, 402-406.
59 House Member offices, for example, may employ up to 18 permanent employees and 4 additional employees; if
interns are paid by the House Member office, they are considered part of those 4 additional employees, which can also
include part-time, shared, and temporary employees, as well as office employees on unpaid leave. See 2 U.S.C.
§5321(a); Members Congressional Handbook, pp. 4-6.
60 Committee Resolution 116-19, Committee on House Administration, May 5, 2020, at https://cha.house.gov/sites/evo-
subsites/democrats-cha.house.gov/files/documents/Resolution%20116-
19%20Paid%20Internship%20Regulations%20Adopted.pdf; Members Congressional Handbook, p. 5.
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congressional interns on Capitol Hill, some training opportunities and congressional programs congressional interns on Capitol Hill, some training opportunities and congressional programs
may be available to Washington, DC, interns, but not to interns serving in district or state offices may be available to Washington, DC, interns, but not to interns serving in district or state offices
further away.further away.
House interns who are paid under the House Paid Internship Program may work in Washington, House interns who are paid under the House Paid Internship Program may work in Washington,
DC, in the office of a Member, in a committee office, or in a House leadership office, or interns DC, in the office of a Member, in a committee office, or in a House leadership office, or interns
may work in a Membermay work in a Member’'s district office.s district office.6165 The Committee on House Administration has also The Committee on House Administration has also
stated that paid House interns stated that paid House interns aremay be eligible for telework in the event of a disaster, pandemic, or eligible for telework in the event of a disaster, pandemic, or
other emergency, and offices may purchase equipment (e.g., laptops, mobile phones, and tablets)
for teleworking interns paid by the House intern program, a Member office, or a committee.62other emergency.⁶⁶ For For
security purposes, interns in Washington, DC, offices can obtain a congressional ID badge, security purposes, interns in Washington, DC, offices can obtain a congressional ID badge,
available from the Office of the Sergeant at Arms for the appropriate chamber. District or state available from the Office of the Sergeant at Arms for the appropriate chamber. District or state
office interns are also eligible to receive ID badges at the request of the employing Member office interns are also eligible to receive ID badges at the request of the employing Member
office. ID badges are to be returned to the Office of the Sergeant at Arms upon completion of an office. ID badges are to be returned to the Office of the Sergeant at Arms upon completion of an
internship.internship.
15. Are there mandatory trainings for interns?
If interns are paid by Congress, then they are to take many of the mandatory trainings discussed If interns are paid by Congress, then they are to take many of the mandatory trainings discussed
below that new House or Senate employees are required to take. If interns are unpaid, however, below that new House or Senate employees are required to take. If interns are unpaid, however,
fewer House or Senate trainings are mandatory for them. Because interns may be working with fewer House or Senate trainings are mandatory for them. Because interns may be working with
Congress or in a professional environment for the first time, congressional offices may want to Congress or in a professional environment for the first time, congressional offices may want to
have their interns attend additional trainings to better ensure they are prepared for their work and have their interns attend additional trainings to better ensure they are prepared for their work and
can represent the office appropriately.can represent the office appropriately.
All interns in the House of Representatives are required to complete a training session on All interns in the House of Representatives are required to complete a training session on
workplace rights and responsibilities.workplace rights and responsibilities.6367 Also in the House, any individual who has access to the Also in the House, any individual who has access to the
House network needs to complete an information security training online.House network needs to complete an information security training online.6468 A paid intern who is A paid intern who is
employed for 60 days or more is to take a House ethics training, which is mandatory for new employed for 60 days or more is to take a House ethics training, which is mandatory for new
House employees. Unpaid interns or paid interns with a shorter internship are not required to take House employees. Unpaid interns or paid interns with a shorter internship are not required to take
this ethics training.this ethics training.6569 Other programs or courses offered by the House or its Congressional Staff Other programs or courses offered by the House or its Congressional Staff
Academy may be available to interns and helpful for their work duties.Academy may be available to interns and helpful for their work duties.
In the Senate, all interns or fellows are required to receive the same antiharassment training as In the Senate, all interns or fellows are required to receive the same antiharassment training as
paid employees.paid employees.6670 The Senate Office of Education and Training has provided a number of courses specifically designed for interns.⁷¹ The Senate Office of Education and Training has provided a number of courses

61 P.L. 116-94, §§112-113; Committee Resolution 116-19, Committee on House Administration, May 5, 2020, at
https://cha.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/democrats-cha.house.gov/files/documents/Resolution%20116-
19%20Paid%20Internship%20Regulations%20Adopted.pdf.
62 See U.S. House, Committee on House Administration, “Updated House Paid Internship Program Regulations and
Intern Telework Policy,” e-Dear Colleague letter, May 6, 2020, available at https://e-dearcolleague.house.gov/Home/
Preview?DCID=300070.
63 H.Res. 630, agreed to November 29, 2017. See “Workplace Rights & Responsibilities Education” at
https://housenet.house.gov/campus/service-providers/workplace-rights-responsibilities-education; see also Committee
Resolution 117-15, Committee on House Administration, April 28, 2021, at https://cha.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/
republicans-cha.house.gov/files/Committee%20on%20House%20Administration%20Resolution%20117-
15%20%28Mandatory%20Training%20Workplace%20Rights%29%20Adopted.pdf.
64 See “Information Security Awareness Training,” link at https://housenet.house.gov/for-staff/responsibilities/
information-security-training.
65 See “Ethics Training,” at https://housenet.house.gov/for-staff/responsibilities/ethics-training.
66 Senate Manual, pp. 175-178.
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specifically designed for interns.67 A few, including harassment prevention and an overview of the A few, including harassment prevention and an overview of the
Senate Code of Conduct,Senate Code of Conduct,6872 have been listed as required courses, whereas others, like information have been listed as required courses, whereas others, like information
security training, have been listed as recommended or optional. Many of these courses are online security training, have been listed as recommended or optional. Many of these courses are online
and can be accessed via the Senate intranet in a state or Capitol Hill office. Other courses offered and can be accessed via the Senate intranet in a state or Capitol Hill office. Other courses offered
by the Senate Office of Education and Training or the Senate Library may be open to interns if by the Senate Office of Education and Training or the Senate Library may be open to interns if
space permits.space permits.
Interns who are expected by their offices to use Congressional Research Service (CRS) resources Interns who are expected by their offices to use Congressional Research Service (CRS) resources
or place requests must attend the or place requests must attend the “"Orientation Program for Interns and VolunteersOrientation Program for Interns and Volunteers”" offered by offered by
CRS.CRS.6973 Interns who might need to use the Library of Congress resources more broadly can sign Interns who might need to use the Library of Congress resources more broadly can sign
up for a research orientation covering the Libraryup for a research orientation covering the Library’'s collections, resources, and policies.s collections, resources, and policies.7074 If If
interns are responsible for hosting tours of the U.S. Capitol, they may be advised to sign up for a interns are responsible for hosting tours of the U.S. Capitol, they may be advised to sign up for a
tour-leader training course offered by the Architect of the Capitol.tour-leader training course offered by the Architect of the Capitol.71
75 16. What congressional programs are available for interns?
Some programs and courses offered by CRS are open to congressional interns, provided that they Some programs and courses offered by CRS are open to congressional interns, provided that they
have completed the CRS intern orientation. Current offerings are posted at http://www.crs.gov/have completed the CRS intern orientation. Current offerings are posted at http://www.crs.gov/
events, and can help enrich the educational component of an internevents, and can help enrich the educational component of an intern’'s experience. Some video s experience. Some video
versions of past CRS events are also available at https://www.crs.gov/reports/media/versions of past CRS events are also available at https://www.crs.gov/reports/media/ and at
http://www.crs.gov/events/recordedevents, which may be helpful for district or state office , which may be helpful for district or state office
interns.interns.
Many summers, the Committee on House Administration and the Senate Committee on Rules and Many summers, the Committee on House Administration and the Senate Committee on Rules and
Administration have cosponsored the Congressional Summer Intern Lecture Series, providing Administration have cosponsored the Congressional Summer Intern Lecture Series, providing
congressional interns with insights about politics and policymaking from Members of Congress, congressional interns with insights about politics and policymaking from Members of Congress,
other government officials, and journalists. The lectures have typically been scheduled from June other government officials, and journalists. The lectures have typically been scheduled from June
through August, and the days and times vary based on speaker availability.through August, and the days and times vary based on speaker availability.


Author Information

Sarah J. Eckman

Analyst in American National Government


67 See U.S. Senate, Senate Office of Education and Training,

Footnotes

1. The four definitions in this section were primarily adapted from information from the House of Representatives, provided in U.S. Congress, House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, House Ethics Manual, committee print, 117^th Cong., 2^nd sess., 2022, p. 285 (hereinafter cited as House Ethics Manual, and also available at https://ethics.house.gov/manual/); and U.S. Congress, House Committee on House Administration, Members' Congressional Handbook, 118^th Cong., updated April 30, 2024, pp. 7-12 (hereinafter cited as Members' Congressional Handbook, and also available at https://cha.house.gov/members-congressional-handbook). Many of the same criteria for interns, volunteers, and fellows overlap with descriptions from the Senate in U.S. Congress, Senate Select Committee on Ethics, Senate Ethics Manual, 108^th Cong., 1^st sess., S. Pub. 108-1, pp. 113-114 (hereinafter cited as Senate Ethics Manual, and also available at https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/senate-ethics-manual). 2.

For the purposes of compliance with Fair Labor Standards Act provisions, the Office of Congressional Workplace Rights (formerly Office of Compliance) has previously noted that an intern performs services for an office as part of an educational plan not to exceed a total of 12 months. See U.S. Congress Office of Compliance, CAA Handbook, 2005, p. 49 (hereinafter cited as CAA Handbook).

3.

More information on pages is found in CRS Report 98-758, Pages of the United States Congress: History and Program Administration.

4.

House Ethics Manual, available at https://ethics.house.gov/house-ethics-manual.

5.

Members' Congressional Handbook, available at https://cha.house.gov/members-congressional-handbook.

6.

U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on House Administration, Committees' Congressional Handbook, available at https://cha.house.gov/committees-congressional-handbook (hereinafter cited as Committees' Congressional Handbook).

7.

U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on House Administration, User's Guide for Member & Committee Offices, available at https://cha.house.gov/_cache/files/c/2/c27568ed-46fa-4d26-9bbb-39700cb1fc39/45C26867DC0833E18FC24BDEDAEC2A26.2024-user-s-guide-for-member-committee-offices.pdf (hereinafter cited as User's Guide).

8.

U.S. House of Representatives, House Committee on Ethics, available at https://ethics.house.gov.

9. U.S. House of Representatives, House Committee on House Administration, available at https://cha.house.gov/. 10.

Senate Ethics Manual, available at https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/senate-ethics-manual.

11. U.S. Senate, Select Committee on Ethics, available at http://www.ethics.senate.gov/. 12. U.S. Senate, Committee on Rules and Administration, previously accessed at http://webster.senate.gov/rules/. 13. In the House, "an individual who is serving as a paid intern or fellow must comply with all the laws, rules, and standards of conduct applicable to House employees." House Ethics Manual, p. 296. For the Senate, "paid interns are under the same rules as Senate staff." U.S. Senate, Office of Education and Training, "Intern Class Descriptions," previously accessed at http://webster.senate.gov/interns/previously accessed at http://webster.senate.gov/interns/
intern-class-descriptionsintern-class-descriptions/.
68 All new Senate personnel are required to complete Code of Conduct training within 60 days of the start of their
employment. Separate Code of Conduct courses are listed for paid and unpaid interns. Any unpaid individual working
with a Senator’s office on a full-time basis for more than 90 days must also agree to abide by the Code of Conduct. See
Rule XLV, Senate Rules, p. 65, and Senate Ethics Manual, pp. 213-214.
69 Upcoming CRS orientation sessions are listed at http://www.crs.gov/events. More information on CRS services for
interns and volunteers can be found at http://www.crs.gov/resources/CRS-Services-to-Interns-Volunteers.
70 See “Classes for First-Time Users,” at http://www.loc.gov/rr/main/inforeas/orient.html.
71 For more information, contact the Capitol Visitor Center. Capitol tour regulations are available at
https://housenet.house.gov/sites/housenet.house.gov/files/documents/cvc_tour_regulations.pdf.
Congressional Research Service

11

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Internships in Congressional Offices: Frequently Asked Questions



Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan
shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and
under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other
than public understanding of information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in
connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the United States Government, are not
subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be reproduced and distributed in
its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include copyrighted images or
material from a third party, you may need to obtain the permission of the copyright holder if you wish to
copy or otherwise use copyrighted material.

Congressional Research Service
R44491 · VERSION 14 · UPDATED
12
. Elsewhere, the Senate Ethics Committee notes that this applies to paid interns who work in a full-time capacity for at least 90 days; see Senate Ethics Manual, p. 115; "Interpretative Ruling No. 111," April 5, 1978, printed in U.S. Congress, Senate Select Committee on Ethics, Interpretative Rulings of the Select Committee on Ethics, committee print, 103^rd Cong., 1^st sess., February 1993, S.Prt. 103-21, p. 48. 14.

Rule XXIII in U.S. Congress, House, Rules of the House of Representatives, prepared by Cheryl L. Johnson, Clerk of the House of Representatives, 119^th Cong., 1^st sess., January 16, 2025, pp. 40-42 (hereinafter cited as House Rules and also available athttps://rules.house.gov/house-rules-119th-congress); House Ethics Manual, p. 286; U.S. Congress, Senate, The Senate Code of Official Conduct, prepared by the Senate Select Committee on Ethics, 117^th Cong., 1^st sess., October 2021 (hereinafter cited as Senate Code of Official Conduct and available at https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/senate-code-of-official-conduct).

15.

Rule XXV, cl. 5, House Rules, pp. 44-47; House Ethics Manual, ch. 2; Rule XXXV, Senate Code of Official Conduct, pp. 3-14; Senate Ethics Manual, ch. 2.

16.

5 U.S.C. §7353; House Ethics Manual, pp. 29-30; Rule XLI, Senate Code of Official Conduct, pp. 26-27.

17.

5 U.S.C. app. 4 §501(b); Rule XXV, cl. 1, House Rules, p. 43; House Ethics Manual, ch. 5; Rule XXXVI, Senate Code of Official Conduct, p. 15; Senate Ethics Manual, pp. 98-100.

18.

Senate Ethics Manual, pp. 114-115.

19.

2 U.S.C. §1313(a)(2); 2 U.S.C. §5321(b).

20. See "Are interns, fellows, and other unpaid staff covered?," Office of Congressional Workplace Rights, Covered Community, at https://www.ocwr.gov/the-congressional-accountability-act/covered-community/. 21.

House Ethics Manual, pp. 297, 417.

22.

See House Ethics Manual, p. 418:

House Rule 23, clause 11, part of the Code of Official Conduct, provides that a Member of the House of Representatives shall not authorize or otherwise allow a non-House individual or organization to use the words "Congress of the United States," "House of Representatives," or "official business" on any letterhead or envelope. The intent of this provision is to prevent persons who are not Members, officers, or employees of the House from represent that their activities are officially sponsored or sanctioned.... Accordingly, individuals not paid by the House of Representatives may not use or obtain business cards or other materials suggesting an employment relationship with the House.

23.

Senate Ethics Manual, p. 115.

24.

For the House, see U.S. House, Committee on House Administration, Technology Policies, athttps://housenet.house.gov/Interact/Pages/Section/ContentListing.aspx?subsection=4557; for the Senate, see U.S. Senate, Committee on Rules and Administration, Internet Services and Technology Resources Usage Rules, November 9, 2015, previously accessed at http://webster.senate.gov/rules/internet-usage-policy.

25.

U.S. House, Committee on House Administration, "Updated House Paid Internship Program Regulations and Intern Telework Policy," e-Dear Colleague letter, May 6, 2020, available at https://e-dearcolleague.house.gov/Home/Preview?DCID=300070.

26.

See House Ethics Manual, ch. 2; Senate Ethics Manual, ch. 2.

27.

House Ethics Manual, p. 27; U.S. Senate, Select Committee on Ethics, Code of Conduct for Unpaid Interns, [video], previously accessed at http://webster.senate.gov/interns/training/intern-videos/senate-code-of-conduct-for-unpaid-interns.

28.

House Rule XXV, cl. 5(a)(3)(F), House Rules, p. 44; Senate Rule XXXV, cl. 1, available in Senate Code of Official Conduct, pp. 3-9.

29.

5 U.S.C. §7351.

30.

Although some of the information it contains is specific to House offices on Capitol Hill, the Committee on House Administration created an intern manual that offices may provide to interns or use as an example for creating their own intern guidance. See U.S. Congress, House, Committee on House Administration, Model Intern Handbook, available at https://cha.house.gov/_cache/files/7/f/7f23ff23-a5d4-47b5-b16f-8f6ed0424c48/34D08BE874037512137B055D2B33D15D649DBA305171398DC6DC7DCF39C7F457.119th-cha-model-intern-handbook.pdf.

31.

See HouseNet, "House Talent Marketplace," at https://housenet.house.gov/page/5060.

32.

The Senate Placement Office's website is available at http://www.senate.gov/employment.

33. For example, noncitizens who are nationals from U.S. territories (8 U.S.C. §1408), refugees (8 U.S.C. §1157), granted asylum (8 U.S.C. §1158), or lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States (i.e., hold a green card) (8 U.S.C. §1324b) may not be subject to the same rules as other foreign nationals. Generally, appropriated funds may not be used for compensation of noncitizens, with certain specified exceptions. See P.L. 118-47, Division B, title VII, §704. For the House, see also HouseNet, "Citizenship Requirements for Paid Employment," at https://housenet.house.gov/page/3953, and HouseNet "OGC Notice No. 118-01 Citizenship Requirements for Employment in the Federal Government," at https://housenet.house.gov/page/3369. For the Senate, see answer to "I am a foreign national/international student. Can I intern at the Senate?" from Senate Employment Office, Student Opportunities, at https://employment.senate.gov/student-opportunities/. 34.

House Ethics Manual, p. 296; Senate Ethics Manual, pp. 114-115.

35.

House Ethics Manual, ch. 4. For Senate guidance on campaign activities, see Dear Colleague Letter from U.S. Senate, Select Committee on Ethics, April 22, 2016, http://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/dearcolleagueletters?ID=F3FCB4E7-3DFF-4AE6-88E7-0AEDD7E3D761.

36.

5 U.S.C. §3110 lists the family members that Members of Congress, as public officials, are prohibited from personally hiring or recommending to agencies under congressional control. See also House Rule XXIII, cl. 8, House Rules, p. 40; House Ethics Manual, pp. 252; 281-283; Senate Ethics Manual, pp. 195-196.

37.

House Ethics Manual, p. 297-298.

38.

The House website, for example, advertises "College Internships" at https://www.house.gov/educators-and-students/college-internships; the Senate Office of Education and Training has stated that "the average age of Senate interns is between 18 and 24; with the majority of interns currently attending college." See U.S. Senate, Office of Education and Training, Best Practices for Creating and Managing A Senate Intern Program, February 19, 2014, p. 8.

39.

The Fair Labor Standards Act typically restricts employment of individuals under age 16, but 2 U.S.C. §1313(a)(2) excludes interns meeting certain criteria from these provisions.

40.

U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Rules and Administration, Senate Manual, Containing the Standing Rules, Orders, Laws, and Resolutions Affecting the Business of the United States Senate, 117^th Cong., 1^st sess., January 1, 2022, S.Doc. 117-1, at https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/SMAN-117/pdf/SMAN-117.pdf, pp. 182-183 (hereinafter Senate Manual); S.Res. 219, 95^th Cong., 2^nd sess., May 5, 1978; S.Res. 96, 102^nd Cong., 1^st sess., April 24, 1991.

41.

House Ethics Manual, pp. 297, 336-337, 416-417; Members' Congressional Handbook, pp. 8, 12; Senate Ethics Manual, p. 113; "Interpretative Ruling No. 442," April 12, 1992, printed in U.S. Congress, Senate Select Committee on Ethics, Interpretative Rulings of the Select Committee on Ethics, committee print, 103^rd Cong., 1^st sess., February 1993, S.Prt. 103-21, p. 283; CAA Handbook, p. 49.

42.

2 U.S.C. §5321(c)(2). Although the statutory language refers to "interns" generally in House Member offices, the Committee on House Administration applies it to "paid interns." See "Categories of Staff," Members' Handbook, pp. 4-5; "House Paid Internship Program" at https://cha.house.gov/house-paid-internship-program; also "Interns" and "Paid Interns" in U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on House Administration, Committees' Congressional Handbook, p. 5.

43.

House Ethics Manual, p. 417; Members Congressional Handbook, p. 12.

44.

The 12 months of service do not have to be consecutive in the Senate. See U.S. Senate, Committee on Rules and Administration, United States Senate Handbook, (October 2010), p. I-8.

45.

CAA Handbook, p. 49.

46. P.L. 119-4, Division A, Title X; P.L. 118-47, Division E. For more information on funding for House internships in the FY2024 legislative branch appropriations bill, see H.Rept. 118-120, pp. 6-7. For additional regulations and administrative information, see the following committee resolutions from the Committee on House Administration: Committee Resolution 119-10, Committee Resolution 118-33, Committee Resolution 118-11, Committee Resolution 118-05, Committee Resolution 117-19, Committee Resolution 117-07, and Committee Resolution 116-19. Funding was first provided for FY2019 for interns in Member offices; more information on FY2019 House internship funding is available in P.L. 115-244, Division B; and H.Rept. 115-929, pp. 203-204. 47.

Interns in the House Paid Internship Program may also be employed by a Member and placed with an eligible congressional membership organization (ECMO), as determined by the Committee on House Administration. See Committee on House Administration, Committee Resolution 117-07.

48.

See Committee on House Administration, Committee Resolution 119-10.

49.

P.L. 119-4, Division A, Title X; P.L. 118-47, Division E. For more information on funding for Senate internships in the FY2024 legislative branch appropriations bill, see U.S. Senate, Committee on Appropriations, Legislative Branch Appropriations, 2024, report to accompany S. 2302, S.Rept. 118-60, 118^th Cong., 1^st sess., July 13, 2023, pp. 16, 27-29, available at https://www.congress.gov/congressional-report/118th-congress/senate-report/60. Funding was first provided for FY2019; more information on FY2019 Senate internship funding is available in P.L. 115-244, Division B; and S.Rept. 115-274, pp. 25-26.

50.

2 U.S.C. §§5321, 5322a.

51.

According to the Senate Committee on Ethics, Senate interns may also be paid from the personal funds of the employing Senator. See Senate Ethics Manual, p. 114.

52.

Members Handbook, p. 8. For further information, contact the Committee on House Administration. Interns paid above this gross annual rate may count against the office's regular staff ceiling.

53.

U.S. House, Committee on House Administration, "Minimum Annual Rate of Pay: Administrative Regulations," e-Dear Colleague letter, August 19, 2022, available at https://e-dearcolleague.house.gov/Home/Preview?DCID=374776.

54.

For the House, see "Transit Benefits for Staff," at https://housenet.house.gov/page/4286.

55.

2 U.S.C. §1313(a)(2).

56.

See U.S. Congress, House, Constitution, Jefferson's Manual, and Rules of the House of Representatives of the United States One Hundred Nineteenth Congress, prepared by Jason A. Smith, Parliamentarian, 118^th Cong., 2^nd sess., December 9, 2024, H.Doc. 118-187, p. 46. The LBJ Internship Program remains codified at 2 U.S.C. §5322.

57.

Due to the number of, and frequent changes in, outside groups who might be able to sponsor these internships, it is not possible to maintain a fully comprehensive list.

58.

One example of this type of internship is the Harper Congressional Internship Program for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities; see https://cha.house.gov/harper-congressional-internship-program-for-individuals-with-intellectual-disabilities.

59.

House Rule XXVII, House Rules, p. 47; House Ethics Manual, pp. 295-296; Senate Rule XXXVII, Senate Code of Official Conduct, pp. 16-21; Senate Ethics Manual, pp. 66-69; "Interpretative Ruling No. 385," July 31, 1984, printed in U.S. Congress, Senate Select Committee on Ethics, Interpretative Rulings of the Select Committee on Ethics, committee print, 103^rd Cong., 1^st sess., February 1993, S. Prt. 103-21, pp. 226-228.

60.

For the House, see "Advisory Opinion No. 6" in U.S. Congress, House Select Committee on Ethics, Final Report of the Select Committee on Ethics, 95^th Cong., 2^nd sess., May 9, 1977, H.Rept. 95-1837, p. 65, and http://ethics.house.gov/staff-rights-and-duties/volunteers-interns-fellows-and-detailees; House Ethics Manual, pp. 286, 363; for the Senate, see Senate Ethics Manual, p. 113.

61.

House Ethics Manual, p. 416; Senate Ethics Manual, pp. 113-114.

62.

House Ethics Manual, pp. 417.

63.

House Member offices, for example, may employ up to 18 permanent employees and 4 additional employees; if interns are paid by the House Member office, they are considered part of those 4 additional employees, which can also include part-time, shared, and temporary employees, as well as office employees on unpaid leave. See 2 U.S.C. §5321(a); Members Congressional Handbook, pp. 8-9.

64.

Committee on House Administration, Committee Resolution 116-19; Members Congressional Handbook, p. 9.

65.

P.L. 116-94, §§112-113; Committee on House Administration, Committee Resolution 116-19.

66.

Members' Handbook, p. 8; see also U.S. House, Committee on House Administration, "Updated House Paid Internship Program Regulations and Intern Telework Policy," e-Dear Colleague letter, May 6, 2020, available at https://e-dearcolleague.house.gov/Home/Preview?DCID=300070.

67.

H.Res. 630, agreed to November 29, 2017. See "Workplace Rights & Responsibilities Training" at https://housenet.house.gov/page/4908; see also Committee on House Administration, Committee Resolution 117-15.

68.

See "Information Security Awareness Training," at https://housenet.house.gov/page/4357.

69.

See "Ethics Training," at https://housenet.house.gov/page/4907.

70.

Senate Manual, pp. 175-178.

71. See U.S. Senate, Senate Office of Education and Training, previously accessed at http://webster.senate.gov/interns/intern-class-descriptions/. 72.

All new Senate personnel are required to complete Code of Conduct training within 60 days of the start of their employment. Separate Code of Conduct courses are listed for paid and unpaid interns. Any unpaid individual working with a Senator's office on a full-time basis for more than 90 days must also agree to abide by the Code of Conduct. See Rule XLV, Senate Rules, p. 65, and Senate Ethics Manual, pp. 213-214.

73.

Upcoming CRS orientation sessions are listed at http://www.crs.gov/events. More information on CRS services for interns and volunteers can be found at http://www.crs.gov/resources/CRS-Services-to-Interns-Volunteers.

74.

See "Research Consultations and Orientations to the Library of Congress," at http://www.loc.gov/rr/main/inforeas/orient.html.

75.

For more information, contact the Capitol Visitor Center, or see "Capitol Tour Training," athttps://housenet.house.gov/page/4839.

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