Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations

Changes from October 7, 2022 to January 23, 2023

This page shows textual changes in the document between the two versions indicated in the dates above. Textual matter removed in the later version is indicated with ~~red strikethrough~~ and textual matter added in the later version is indicated with blue.

Department of State, Foreign Operations, and
~~October 7, 2022~~January 23, 2023
Related Programs: FY2023 Budget and
Emily M. ~~Morgenstern~~McCabe
Appropriations
Analyst in Foreign Analyst in Foreign
Assistance and Foreign Assistance and Foreign
Each year, Congress considers 12 distinct appropriations measures to fund federal programs and Each year, Congress considers 12 distinct appropriations measures to fund federal programs and
Policy Policy
activities. One of these is the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs activities. One of these is the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs

(SFOPS) appropriations bill, which includes funding for U.S. diplomatic activities, cultural (SFOPS) appropriations bill, which includes funding for U.S. diplomatic activities, cultural
Cory R. Gill
exchanges, development, security, humanitarian assistance, and participation in multilateral exchanges, development, security, humanitarian assistance, and participation in multilateral
Analyst in Foreign Affairs Analyst in Foreign Affairs
organizations, among other international activities. On March 28, 2022, the Biden Administration organizations, among other international activities. On March 28, 2022, the Biden Administration

released its proposed FY2023 released its proposed FY2023 base budget request, which called for $66.00 billion in new budget budget request, which called for $66.00 billion in new budget
authority for SFOPS accounts ($65.94 billion after rescissions of prior year funding).authority for SFOPS accounts ($65.94 billion after rescissions of prior year funding).

The The base FY2023 request, including rescissions, represented a 17.2% increase from FY2022 enacted base appropriations FY2023 request, including rescissions, represented a 17.2% increase from FY2022 enacted base appropriations
(excluding emergency funding to address crises in Afghanistan and Ukraine)(excluding emergency funding to address crises in Afghanistan and Ukraine) ~~and a 22.8% decrease from total FY2022~~
~~enacted appropriations (this calculation has changed and may continue to change with the enactment of supplemental~~
~~FY2022 appropriations)~~. The total FY2023 request (including the supplemental funding proposed for Ukraine and other purposes) represented a 6.0% increase from total FY2022 enacted appropriations, including rescissions. Consistent with previous budget requests and annual SFOPS appropriations measures, the budget . Consistent with previous budget requests and annual SFOPS appropriations measures, the budget
request divided SFOPS into two main components:request divided SFOPS into two main components:
  Department of State and Related Agency. TheseThese accounts, which are accounts, which are ~~provided in~~under Title I of the SFOPS Title I of the SFOPS
bill, bill, primarily support Department of State diplomatic and security activities. The FY2023 primarily support Department of State diplomatic and security activities. The FY2023 base proposal proposal
included $18.58 billion for Title I accounts, which represented a 7.9% increase from FY2022 enacted base included $18.58 billion for Title I accounts, which represented a 7.9% increase from FY2022 enacted base
appropriations and a 3.appropriations and a 3.030% increase from total FY2022 enacted levels. % increase from total FY2022 enacted levels.
  Foreign Operations and Related Programs. TheseThese accounts, accounts, ~~which are provided in~~under Titles II-VI of the Titles II-VI of the
SFOPS bill, fund SFOPS bill, fund most foreign assistance activities and would have seen a total of $47.42 billion for most foreign assistance activities and would have seen a total of $47.42 billion for
~~FY2023~~FY2023 in the base request, a 15.8% increase when compared to FY2022 enacted base levels and a 31.6% decrease when , a 15.8% increase when compared to FY2022 enacted base levels and a 31.6% decrease when
compared to total FY2022 enacted levels. compared to total FY2022 enacted levels.
On June 29, 2022, the House Appropriations Committee approved its FY2023 SFOPS bill, which would On June 29, 2022, the House Appropriations Committee approved its FY2023 SFOPS bill, which would ~~provide a~~ have provided a total of total of
$65.18 billion in new budget authority for SFOPS accounts ($64.73 billion after rescissions). Of that total, the bill $65.18 billion in new budget authority for SFOPS accounts ($64.73 billion after rescissions). Of that total, the bill ~~provides~~
provided $18.01 billion for Department of State and Related Agency accounts and $47.16 billion for Foreign Operations and Related $18.01 billion for Department of State and Related Agency accounts and $47.16 billion for Foreign Operations and Related
Programs accounts. On July 28, 2022, a FY2023 SFOPS bill, S. 4662, was introduced in the Senate; it was not considered at Programs accounts. On July 28, 2022, a FY2023 SFOPS bill, S. 4662, was introduced in the Senate; it was not considered at
any level. A continuing resolution, P.L. 117-180, was enacted on September 30, 2022, to continue funding federal agencies in any level. A continuing resolution, P.L. 117-180, was enacted on September 30, 2022, to continue funding federal agencies in
FY2023, largely at FY2022 levels, until December 16, 2022. This legislation also included $4.5 billion in FY2023 SFOPS FY2023, largely at FY2022 levels, until December 16, 2022. This legislation also included $4.5 billion in FY2023 SFOPS
~~funds as part of the broader Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (Division B of the legislation).~~
funds as part of the broader Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (Division B of the legislation). Congress enacted two additional continuing resolutions—P.L. 117-229 and P.L. 117-264—to fund the government through December 23 and December 30, respectively. In September 2022, the Administration proposed $9.10 billion in FY2023 emergency supplemental SFOPS monies to provide economic support to Ukraine and respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and mpox (then referred to as monkeypox) virus abroad. The Administration proposed an additional $15.50 billion for emergency supplemental SFOPS funding in November 2022, the majority of which would be to respond to the war in Ukraine. With these supplemental requests, the Administration’s request for FY2023 SFOPS funding totaled $90.54 billion after rescissions. On December 29, 2022, the President signed into law the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-328). The act included a total of $76.42 billion in SFOPS funding, net of rescissions. This total included $59.85 billion in base SFOPS funding—$17.39 billion in State Operations accounts and $43.13 billion in Foreign Operations and Related Programs accounts—and $16.57 billion in emergency supplemental funding largely for Ukraine and other countries and populations affected by the war in Ukraine. The enacted base funding represented a 6.4% increase from the FY2022 base level and a 9.2% decrease from the Administration’s base request for FY2023. When including the $4.5 billion in supplemental funding from the first CR (P.L. 117-180), total enacted SFOPS funding for FY2023 was $80.92 billion after rescission, representing a 5.3% decrease from total enacted funding in FY2022 and a 10.6% decrease from the Administration’s total request for FY2023. Congressional Research Service link to page 32 link to page 38 link to page 42 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations Appendix A provides an account-by-account comparison of the FY2023 request to FY2022 enacted and FY2021 actual provides an account-by-account comparison of the FY2023 request to FY2022 enacted and FY2021 actual
funding levfunding levels. Appendix B offers a similar comparison focused specifically on the International Affairs budget. Both offers a similar comparison focused specifically on the International Affairs budget. Both
appendices will be updated to reflect congressional action.appendices will be updated to reflect congressional action. Appendix CD depicts the SFOPS account structure. depicts the SFOPS account structure.
This report tracks SFOPS budget requests and appropriations, comparing funding levels for accounts and purposes. It does This report tracks SFOPS budget requests and appropriations, comparing funding levels for accounts and purposes. It does
not provide extensive analysis of international affairs policy issues. For in-depth analysis and contextual information on not provide extensive analysis of international affairs policy issues. For in-depth analysis and contextual information on
international affairs issues, please consult the wide range of CRS reports on specific subjects, such as global health, international affairs issues, please consult the wide range of CRS reports on specific subjects, such as global health,
diplomatic security, and U.S. participation in the United Nations. For more information on SFOPS accounts, see CRS Report diplomatic security, and U.S. participation in the United Nations. For more information on SFOPS accounts, see CRS Report
R40482, R40482, Department of State, Foreign Operations Appropriations: A Guide to Component Accounts, by Nick M. Brown and , by Nick M. Brown and
Cory R. Gill. Cory R. Gill.

Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

link to page link to page ~~5 link to page~~ 6 6

SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations

Overview
Annual Department of State, Foreign Annual Department of State, Foreign
A Note on Numbers
Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS)
The Biden Administration prepared its FY2023 budget The Biden Administration prepared its FY2023 budget
appropriations support a range of U.S. appropriations support a range of U.S.
request prior to passage of FY2022 ful year request prior to passage of FY2022 ful year
activities around the world, including the activities around the world, including the
appropriations; it is unclear how it prepared FY2022 appropriations; it is unclear how it prepared FY2022
operation of U.S. embassies; diplomatic operation of U.S. embassies; diplomatic
“estimates” presented in the budget request. As such, “estimates” presented in the budget request. As such,
and to remain consistent with prior year analyses, CRS and to remain consistent with prior year analyses, CRS
activities; development, security, and activities; development, security, and
is comparing the FY2023 SFOPS request and is comparing the FY2023 SFOPS request and
humanitarian assistance; U.S. participation in humanitarian assistance; U.S. participation in
subsequent appropriations bil s to FY2022 enacted subsequent appropriations bil s to FY2022 enacted
multilateral organizations; and certain U.S. multilateral organizations; and certain U.S.
funding levels and/or FY2021 actual funding. funding levels and/or FY2021 actual funding.
export promotion activities. The SFOPS export promotion activities. The SFOPS
Unless otherwise indicated, CRS is using the FY2023 Unless otherwise indicated, CRS is using the FY2023
appropriation closely aligns with the appropriation closely aligns with the
SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2021 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2021
International Affairs budget function (150), International Affairs budget function (150),
“actuals,” and P.L. 117-43, P.L. 117-70, P.L. 117-103, “actuals,” and P.L. 117-43, P.L. 117-70, P.L. 117-103,
and P.L. 117-128 for FY2022 enacted levels. and P.L. 117-128 for FY2022 enacted levels.
which typically represents about 1% of the which typically represents about 1% of the
annual federal budgetannual federal budget (Figure 1).1 1
Figure 1. International Affairs as a Portion of the Federal Budget, FY2023 Estimate

Source: Prepared byPrepared by CRS using Office of Management and Budget FY2023 Budget Historical Table 5.1. CRS using Office of Management and Budget FY2023 Budget Historical Table 5.1.
The Biden Administration’s budget request for FY2023, released on March 28, 2022, proposed The Biden Administration’s budget request for FY2023, released on March 28, 2022, proposed
$66.00 billion in new budget authority for SFOPS accounts, or $65.94 billion when including $66.00 billion in new budget authority for SFOPS accounts, or $65.94 billion when including
proposed rescissions of prior year funding.2 The proposed rescissions of prior year funding.2 The ~~total~~ request, including rescissions, represented a request, including rescissions, represented a
17.2% increase from FY2022 enacted base appropriations17.2% increase from FY2022 enacted base appropriations ~~and a 22.8% decrease from total~~
~~FY2022 enacted appropriations (including emergency supplemental funds to address crises in~~
~~Afghanistan and Ukraine). The request was lower than the Biden Administration’s FY2022~~
~~request but higher than every other SFOPS request from the past decade in current U.S. dollars~~
~~(Table 1).~~
. In September and November 2022, the Administration proposed $9.10 billion and $15.50 billion, respectively, in emergency supplemental funding for SFOPS accounts to respond to the war in Ukraine and combat COVID-19 and mpox globally.3 The Administration’s total request for FY2023 (including the
1 The SFOPS budget aligns closely but not exactly with the International Affairs budget (Function 150). The primary 1 The SFOPS budget aligns closely but not exactly with the International Affairs budget (Function 150). The primary
differences are that international food aid programs are part of Function 150 but funded through the Agriculture differences are that international food aid programs are part of Function 150 but funded through the Agriculture
appropriation, and that SFOPS includes funding for international commissions that are part of the Function 300 budget. appropriation, and that SFOPS includes funding for international commissions that are part of the Function 300 budget.
2 Rescissions of prior year funding do not affect new budget authority but are considered when calculating budget totals 2 Rescissions of prior year funding do not affect new budget authority but are considered when calculating budget totals
for purposes such as compliance with Appropriations Committees’ 302(b) allocations or statutory spending caps. for purposes such as compliance with Appropriations Committees’ 302(b) allocations or statutory spending caps.
3 Office of Management and Budget, FY 2023 Continuing Resolution (CR) Appropriations Issues, September 2, 2022; Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, at https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/FY-2023-Supplemental-funding-request-for-COVID-19-and-Ukraine.pdf. Between the time of the initial FY2023 budget request and these FY2023 supplemental requests, in April 2022, the Biden Administration also requested additional FY2022 emergency funds to address the war in Ukraine. The World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced changing monkeypox to mpox in November 2022. Congressional Research Service 1 link to page 7 link to page 38 link to page 8~~Congressional Research Service~~

1

~~link to page 7~~ ~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations supplemental requests) represented a 6.0% increase from total FY2022 enacted appropriations (including emergency supplemental funds to address crises in Afghanistan and Ukraine). Including proposed supplemental funding, the request was higher than every other SFOPS request from the past decade in current U.S. dollars (Table 1). Table 1. SFOPS Request vs. Actual/Enacted Funding, FY2014-FY2023
(In billions of current U.S. dollars) (In billions of current U.S. dollars)

FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 FY2018 FY2019 FY2020 FY2021 FY2022 FY2023
Request
51.96 51.96
55.01 55.01
54.83 54.83
60.21 60.21
40.21 40.21
41.66 41.66
43.10 43.10
44.12 44.12
71.37 71.37
~~66.00~~90.54
Actual/Enacted
50.89 50.89
54.39 54.39
54.52 54.52
59.78 59.78
54.18 54.18
54.38 54.38
57.37 57.37
71.38 71.38
85.45 85.45

80.92 Difference
-2.1% -2.1%
-1.1% -1.1%
-0.6% -0.6%
-0.7% -0.7%
+34.7% 34.7%
+30.5% 30.5%
+33.1% 33.1%
+61.8% 61.8%
+19.7% 19.7%

-10.6% Sources: Annual SFOPS Congressional Budget Justifications (CBJs) prepared by the Department of State and Annual SFOPS Congressional Budget Justifications (CBJs) prepared by the Department of State and
U.S. Agency for International Development; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70;U.S. Agency for International Development; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-128P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-128; P.L. 117-328. .
Notes: Includes supplemental and emergency funds and rescissions. FY2022 Includes supplemental and emergency funds and rescissions. FY2022 and FY2023 figures are enactedfigures are enacted appropriations, while FY2014-, while FY2014-
FY2021 figures are FY2021 figures are ~~actual~~“actual” spending as reported in CBJs. .
Emergency Funds
Congress periodically has appropriated funding designated as “emergency” to address a range of Congress periodically has appropriated funding designated as “emergency” to address a range of
activities outside of pre-established budget caps. From FY2012-FY2021, SFOPS appropriations activities outside of pre-established budget caps. From FY2012-FY2021, SFOPS appropriations
included funding designated as “Overseas Contingency Operations” (OCO), included funding designated as “Overseas Contingency Operations” (OCO), a type of emergency funding emergency funding
initially used by Congress in the “frontline” states of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iraq.initially used by Congress in the “frontline” states of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iraq.~~3 OCO~~4 OCO funding was was
also one of the mechanisms by which Congress sought to fund various activities while still also one of the mechanisms by which Congress sought to fund various activities while still
adhering to discretionary spending caps established by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA; adhering to discretionary spending caps established by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA;
P.L. 112-25). Congress and successive Administrations expanded OCO’s use considerably in P.L. 112-25). Congress and successive Administrations expanded OCO’s use considerably in
funding level and scope, with OCO funds supporting a broader range of programs, including funding level and scope, with OCO funds supporting a broader range of programs, including
~~those~~many that were considered to be base budget programs that were considered to be base budget programs, in the later years. The BCA discretionary in the later years. The BCA discretionary
caps expired in FY2021; the Administration did not request and Congress did not enact any caps expired in FY2021; the Administration did not request and Congress did not enact any
OCO-designated funding in FY2022. OCO-designated funding in FY2022.
Congress has also enacted emergency funds outside of OCO to address unanticipated situations Congress has also enacted emergency funds outside of OCO to address unanticipated situations
both during the regular budget cycle in annual appropriations bills and in off-cycle supplemental both during the regular budget cycle in annual appropriations bills and in off-cycle supplemental
measures. measures. InFrom FY2021 FY2021 ~~and FY2022~~to FY2023, Congress enacted emergency SFOPS funding as part of , Congress enacted emergency SFOPS funding as part of
annual omnibus appropriations, three off-budget supplemental funding measures, and annual omnibus appropriations, three off-budget supplemental funding measures, and ~~two~~three
Continuing Continuing ~~Resolutions~~ Resolutions (Table 2B-1). Such funding was enacted primarily to address needs related to . Such funding was enacted primarily to address needs related to
the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic abroad; humanitarian assistance for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic abroad; humanitarian assistance for
Afghanistan and Afghan refugees; and security, humanitarian, and economic assistance for Afghanistan and Afghan refugees; and security, humanitarian, and economic assistance for
UkraineUkraine.

~~3 For more on OCO, see CRS In Focus IF10143,~~ ~~Foreign Affairs Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) Funding:~~
~~Background and Current Status, by Emily M. Morgenstern.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

2

~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

~~Table 2. Emergency Supplemental Funds, FY2021-FY2023 Enacted~~
~~(In millions of current U.S. dollars)~~
~~FY2021~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
~~P.L. 117-~~
~~P.L. 117-~~
~~P.L. 117-~~
~~128, Title~~
~~180 Div.~~
~~P.L. 116-~~
~~P.L. 117-2,~~
~~103, Div. N~~
V
B
~~260, Div.~~
~~Title X~~
~~P.L. 117-~~
~~P.L. 117-~~
~~P.L. 117-~~
~~(FY2022~~
~~(FY2022~~
~~(FY2023~~

~~K, Title IX~~
~~(ARPA)~~
~~31, Title IV~~
~~43, Div. C~~
~~70, Div. B~~
~~USAA)~~
~~AUSAA)~~
~~USAA)~~
~~Diplomatic Programs~~

~~204.00~~

~~44.30~~
~~125.00~~
~~190.00~~

~~Capital Investment Fund~~

~~10.00~~

~~Consular & Border~~
~~300.00~~

~~Security Programs~~
~~Emergencies in the~~

~~276.90~~
~~36.00~~

~~Diplomatic & Consular~~
~~Services~~
~~Office of Inspector~~

~~4.00~~
~~4.00~~

~~General~~
~~Embassy Security,~~

~~110.00~~

~~Construction and~~
~~Maintenance~~
~~Sudan Claims~~
~~150.00~~

~~International Broadcasting~~

~~25.00~~

~~Operations~~
~~Total, State, Broadcasting~~
~~450.00~~
~~204.00~~
—
~~276.90~~
~~80.30~~
~~154.00~~
~~314.00~~

~~& Related Agencies~~
~~USAID Operating~~

~~41.00~~

~~25.00~~
~~17.00~~

~~Expenses~~
~~USAID Office of~~

~~4.00~~
~~1.00~~

~~Inspector General~~
~~Global Health Programs~~
~~4,000.00~~

~~International Disaster~~

~~400.00~~

~~2,650.00~~
~~4,348.00~~

~~Assistance~~
~~Transition Initiatives~~

~~120.00~~

~~Economic Support Fund~~
~~700.00~~
~~8,675.00~~

~~647.00~~
~~8,766.00~~
~~4,500.00~~
~~Assistance for Europe,~~

~~1,120.00~~

~~Eurasia and Central Asia~~
~~Migration & Refugee~~

~~500.00~~
~~100.00~~
~~415.00~~

~~1,400.00~~
~~350.00~~

~~Assistance~~
~~Emergency Refugee &~~

~~500.00~~
~~1,076.10~~
~~1,200.00~~

~~Migration Assistance~~
~~Dept. of the Treasury~~
~~120.00~~

~~Debt Restructuring~~
~~Int’l Organizations &~~

~~580.00~~

~~Programs~~
~~Int’l Narcotics Control &~~

~~30.00~~
~~400.00~~

~~Law Enforcement~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

3

~~link to page 8~~

~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

~~FY2021~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
~~P.L. 117-~~
~~P.L. 117-~~
~~P.L. 117-~~
~~128, Title~~
~~180 Div.~~
~~P.L. 116-~~
~~P.L. 117-2,~~
~~103, Div. N~~
V
B
~~260, Div.~~
~~Title X~~
~~P.L. 117-~~
~~P.L. 117-~~
~~P.L. 117-~~
~~(FY2022~~
~~(FY2022~~
~~(FY2023~~

~~K, Title IX~~
~~(ARPA)~~
~~31, Title IV~~
~~43, Div. C~~
~~70, Div. B~~
~~USAA)~~
~~AUSAA)~~
~~USAA)~~
~~Nonproliferation, Anti-~~

~~100.00~~

~~Terrorism, Demining and~~
~~Related Programs~~
~~Foreign Military Financing~~

~~650.00~~
~~4,000.00~~

~~European Bank for~~

~~500.00~~

~~Reconstruction &~~
~~Development~~
~~Global Agriculture and~~

~~150.00~~

~~Food Security Program~~
~~Total Foreign Operations~~
~~4,820.00~~
~~9,796.00~~
~~600.00~~
~~1,819.10~~
~~1,200.00~~
~~6,646.00~~
~~18,632.00~~
~~4,500.00~~
~~SFOPS Total~~
~~5,270.00~~
~~10,000.00~~
~~600.00~~
~~2,168.00~~
~~1,280.30~~
~~6,800.00~~
~~18,946.00~~
~~4,500.00~~
Sources: P.L. 116-260; P.L. 117-2; P.L. 117-31; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-128; P.L. 117-180.
Notes: USAA = Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act; AUSAA = Additional Ukraine Supplemental
~~Appropriations Act, 2022. Because OCO-designated funding was largely indistinguishable from base (also~~
~~referred to as enduring) funding in FY2021, it is not included in this table. For more on SFOPS supplemental~~
~~funds for Ukraine, see CRS Insight IN11877,~~ ~~Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: Department of State, Foreign~~
~~Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS), by Emily M. Morgenstern.~~
~~Emergency and OCO-designated funding for SFOPS accounts has fluctuated from year to year, at~~
~~times accounting for a significant portion of total annual SFOPS appropriations (Figure 2). In~~
~~FY2017, OCO-designated SFOPS funding peaked at $20.80 billion, or 36.1% of SFOPS funds~~
~~that year. In FY2021, OCO and emergency supplemental funds totaled $23.51 billion,~~
~~representing 32.9% of SFOPS funding that year. For FY2022, appropriated emergency~~
~~supplemental funding totaled $28.7 billion, representing 33.8% of total appropriated SFOPS~~
~~funding.~~
~~Figure 2. SFOPS Funding, FY2012-FY2023~~

Sources: CRS using data from annual SFOPS Congressional Budget Justifications, P.L. 117-43, P.L. 117-70, P.L.
~~117-103, and P.L. 117-128.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

4

~~link to page 30 link to page 30~~ ~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

Continuing Resolution. Congress enacted a continuing resolution (CR), P.L. 117-180, on
~~September 30, 2022, to continue funding federal agencies in FY2023, largely at FY2022 levels,~~
~~until December 16, 2022. In addition to such funding, Congress included in the CR the Ukraine~~
~~Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (FY2023 USAA; see Division B of the law). The~~
~~measure provides a total of $12.3 billion for Ukraine, including $4.5 billion in SFOPS funding for~~
~~direct financial support for the government of Ukraine.~~
~~Congressional Action~~
~~House Legislation.~~ ~~On June 29, 2022, the House Appropriations Committee approved its~~
~~FY2023 SFOPS bill, which would provide~~ and countries and populations affected by the war in Ukraine. Emergency and OCO-designated funding for SFOPS accounts has fluctuated from year to year, at times accounting for a significant portion of total annual SFOPS appropriations (Figure 2). In FY2017, OCO-designated SFOPS funding peaked at $20.80 billion, or 36.1% of SFOPS funds that year. For FY2022 and FY2023, appropriated emergency supplemental funding totaled $29.19 billion and $21.07 billion, representing 34.2% and $26.0% of total appropriated SFOPS funding, respectively. 4 For more on OCO, see CRS In Focus IF10143, Foreign Affairs Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) Funding: Background and Current Status, by Emily M. Morgenstern. Congressional Research Service 2 link to page 32 link to page 32 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations Figure 2. SFOPS Funding, FY2012-FY2023 Sources: CRS using data from annual SFOPS Congressional Budget Justifications and supplemental requests, P.L. 117-43, P.L. 117-70, P.L. 117-103, P.L. 117-128; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328. Congress has provided FY2023 emergency SFOPS funding through two legislative vehicles to date. The Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (FY2023 USAA; see Division B of the law), was attached to a continuing resolution ( P.L. 117-180) enacted on September 30, 2022, to continue funding federal agencies temporarily in FY2023 (more info below). The measure provided a total of $12.3 billion for Ukraine, including $4.5 billion in SFOPS funding for direct financial support for the government of Ukraine.5 The Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (FY2023 AUSAA; see Division M of the law), was attached to the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, that Congress enacted in December. The measure provided a total of $47.3 billion for Ukraine, including $16.57 billion in SFOPS emergency funding. Congressional Action House Legislation. On June 29, 2022, the House Appropriations Committee approved its FY2023 SFOPS bill, which would have provided a total of $65.18 billion in new budget authority for a total of $65.18 billion in new budget authority for
SFOPS accounts ($64.73 billion after rescissions). Of that total, the bill SFOPS accounts ($64.73 billion after rescissions). Of that total, the bill ~~provides~~provided $18.01 billion $18.01 billion
for Department of State and Related Agency accounts and $47.16 billion for Foreign Operations for Department of State and Related Agency accounts and $47.16 billion for Foreign Operations
and Related Programs accounts.and Related Programs accounts.
No further action was taken on the bill. Senate Legislation. FY2023 SFOPS legislation, S. 4662, was introduced in the Senate on July FY2023 SFOPS legislation, S. 4662, was introduced in the Senate on July
28, 2022. The proposal 28, 2022. The proposal ~~has~~was not not ~~been~~ considered or approved by Congress at any level, and is not considered or approved by Congress at any level, and is not
included in the tables and figures in this report, with the exception ofincluded in the tables and figures in this report, with the exception of Table A-1 inin Appendix A.
Continuing ~~Resolution~~Resolutions. No regular appropriations acts for FY2023, including for SFOPS, were No regular appropriations acts for FY2023, including for SFOPS, were
enacted before FY2023 began on October 1, 2022. To prevent a lapse in appropriations, a enacted before FY2023 began on October 1, 2022. To prevent a lapse in appropriations, a
continuing resolution, P.L. 117-180, was enacted on September 30, 2022, to continue funding continuing resolution, P.L. 117-180, was enacted on September 30, 2022, to continue funding
~~federal agencies in FY2023, largely at FY2022 levels, until December 16, 2022. For SFOPS,~~
~~Section 152 of the bill provides increased funding for selected accounts, including~~
~~ Diplomatic Programs account at a rate for operations of $9.229 billion (+$50~~
~~million from FY2022 level enacted in P.L. 117-103, Div. K);~~
~~ International Disaster Assistance account at a rate for operations of $4.555 billion~~
~~(+$650 million from FY2022);~~
~~ Transition Initiatives account at a rate for operations of $100 million (+$20~~
~~million from FY2022);~~
~~ Assistance for Europe, Eurasia and Central Asia account at a rate for operations~~
~~of $850 million (+$350 million from FY2022);~~
~~ Migration and Refugee Assistance account at a rate for operations of $3.562~~
~~billion (+$650 million from FY2022);~~
~~ International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement account at a rate for~~
~~operations of $1.421 billion (+$30 million from FY2022); and~~
~~ Foreign Military Financing account at a rate for operations of $6.190 billion~~
~~(+$150 million from FY2022).~~
~~State Department Operations and Related Agency~~
~~Funding Highlights~~
~~The Biden Administration’s FY2023 request sought~~ 5 For more on SFOPS funding for Ukraine, see CRS Report R47275, Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: In Brief, by Emily M. McCabe. Congressional Research Service 3 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations federal agencies in FY2023, largely at FY2022 levels, until December 16, 2022.6 This legislation also included $4.5 billion in FY2023 SFOPS emergency funds as part of the broader Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (Division B of the legislation). Congress enacted two additional CRs to prevent a lapse in appropriations: P.L. 117-229, which was in effect through December 23, 2022, and P.L. 117-264, which ran through December 30, 2022. Neither bill included supplemental SFOPS funds. Consolidated Appropriation. The Senate and House, on December 22 and 23, respectively, passed the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, which was signed by President Biden on December 29 and became P.L. 117-328. The act included $76.42 billion in SFOPS funds, net of rescissions, including $59.85 billion in base funding and an additional $16.57 billion in emergency supplemental SFOPS monies for Ukraine and countries and populations affected by the war in Ukraine. The base amount appropriated represented a 6.4% increase from FY2022 base enacted appropriations and a 9.2% decrease from the President’s base request. State Department Operations and Related Agency Funding Highlights The Biden Administration’s FY2023 base request (excluding supplemental funding) sought $18.58 billion in funding for the Department $18.58 billion in funding for the Department
of State and Related Agency appropriations of State and Related Agency appropriations accounts. As part of its September 2022 request for emergency SFOPS supplemental funding, the Administration called for an additional $50 million for these accounts to bolster the State Department’s efforts to combat COVID-19 and $5 million to support its response to the mpox virus.7 When combining base and supplemental funding, the Administration’s $18.63 billion request exceeded~~accounts. This totaled 3.0% more than~~ the FY2022 the FY2022
enacted funding enacted funding ~~level~~total of $18.04 billion ( of $18.04 billion (also including all base and emergency funding)including all base and emergency funding) by 3.3%. When . When
considering base budget funding only, the Administration’s request was considering base budget funding only, the Administration’s request was ~~7.9~~8.0% above the FY2022 ~~% above the FY2022~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

5

~~link to page 10~~ ~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

funding total. The Biden Administration identified several key priorities it intended to fund funding total. The Biden Administration identified several key priorities it intended to fund
through these accounts in FY2023, including through these accounts in FY2023, including
 enabling the State Department to meet critical staffing gaps and attract and retain  enabling the State Department to meet critical staffing gaps and attract and retain
a diverse workforce; a diverse workforce;
 ensuring the safety and security of the overseas workforce;  ensuring the safety and security of the overseas workforce;
 paying U.S. assessed contributions to international organizations and  paying U.S. assessed contributions to international organizations and
international peacekeeping missions on time and in full; and international peacekeeping missions on time and in full; and
 modernizing the State Department’s information technology to improve  modernizing the State Department’s information technology to improve
efficiency, collaboration, data analysis capabilities, and information security. efficiency, collaboration, data analysis capabilities, and information security.48
House Legislation. H.R. 8282, the FY2022 House SFOPS appropriations bill, would H.R. 8282, the FY2022 House SFOPS appropriations bill, would ~~provide~~
have provided approximately $18.02 billion for the State Department and Related Agency appropriations approximately $18.02 billion for the State Department and Related Agency appropriations
accounts. This funding level accounts. This funding level ~~totals~~would have totaled about 4.7% more than the base funding Congress provided in about 4.7% more than the base funding Congress provided in
~~FY2022, 0.1% less than FY2022 total funding (which includes~~ FY2022, 0.1% less than FY2022 total funding (which includes 6 For more details on P.L. 117-180, see CRS Report R47283, Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2023 (Division A of P.L. 117-180), by Drew C. Aherne and Sarah B. Solomon. 7 Office of Management and Budget, FY 2023 Continuing Resolution (CR) Appropriations Issues, September 2, 2022, pp. 41, 45. 8 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification: Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs, Fiscal Year 2023, pp. i-iii; U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Budget Request, slide presentation, March 28, 2022, pp. 5-6. Congressional Research Service 4 link to page 10 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations OCO and emergency funds), and OCO and emergency funds), and
3.0% less than the Biden Administration’s FY2023 3.0% less than the Biden Administration’s FY2023 base request request for these accounts. Continuing Resolutions. The initial CR, P.L. 117-180, which funded the federal government through December 16, 2022, provided budget authority for the Diplomatic Programs account at a rate for operations of approximately $9.23 billion. This rate for operations exceeded the base appropriation Congress provided for this account in the FY2022 SFOPS law by $50 million. The subsequent CRs, which funded the federal government through December 30, 2022, did not include any funding provisions specific to the Department of State and Related Agency appropriations accounts. Consolidated Appropriation. The consolidated appropriations measure, P.L. 117-328, included $17.39 billion in base funding for the State Department and Related Agency appropriations accounts. This funding level was 6.4% lower than the President’s base request and 1.0% above the FY2022 enacted base funding level. Among the accounts for which Congress provided the largest funding increases relative to the FY2022 enacted base levels were the Capital Investment Fund (+29.7%) and Emergencies in the Diplomatic and Consular Service (+12.7%). Funding for other accounts, including Contributions to International Organizations (-13.5%), decreased when compared with FY2022 base funding. Division M of the consolidated appropriations measure, the Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023, included an additional $152.6 million in supplemental funding for these accounts. When factoring in supplemental funding, the $17.54 billion in total budget authority Congress provided for these accounts for FY2023 was 5.9% lower than the Administration’s request and 2.8% below the total FY2022 enacted level. Table 2. State Department and Related Agency: Selected Accounts, FY2021-FY2023 (In millions of current U.S. dollars; includes OCO and emergency funds) FY2021 FY2022 FY2023 FY2023 FY2023 Account Actual Enacteda Requestb House Enactedc Diplomatic Programs 8,963.14 9,538.09 9,692.80 9,637.71 9,610.21 (55.0) (147.05) ~~for these accounts.~~
~~Table 3. State Department and Related Agency: Selected Accounts, FY2021-FY2023~~
~~(In millions of current U.S. dollars; includes OCO and emergency funds)~~
~~FY2023~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Request~~
~~Request~~
~~as %~~
~~as %~~
~~Change~~
~~Change~~
~~from~~
~~from~~
~~FY2021~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Account~~
~~Actual~~
~~Enacteda~~
~~Request~~
~~Base~~
~~Total~~
~~House~~
~~Diplomatic Programs~~
~~8,963.14~~
~~9,538.09~~
~~9,637.80~~
~~5.0%~~
~~1.0%~~
~~9,637.71~~
Worldwide Security Protection
3,903.60
3,788.20
3,813.71
~~0.7%~~
~~0.7%~~3,813.71
3,813.71
Embassy Security, Construction & ~~Maintenance~~
1,950.45 1,950.45
2,093.15 2,093.15
1,957.82 1,957.82
~~-1.3%~~
~~-6.5%~~1,957.82
1,957.82 1,957.82
Maintenance Educational & Cultural Exchange ~~Programs~~
740.30 740.30
753.00 753.00
741.30 741.30
~~-1.6%~~
~~-1.6%~~
~~773.00~~
773.00 777.50 Programs International Organizations
2,962.14 2,962.14
3,161.54 3,161.54
3,985.47 3,985.47
~~26.1%~~
~~26.1%~~
~~3,457.24~~3,457.24 2,919.92
U.S. Agency for Global Media
802.96 802.96
885.00 885.00
840.00 840.00
~~-2.3%~~
~~-5.1%~~
~~862.00~~
862.00 884.70 State and Related Agency Total
17,233.05
18,038.68
18,~~577~~632.45 18,016.23 17,541.42 (55.0) (152.55) ~~.45~~
~~7.9%~~
~~3.0%~~
~~18,016.23~~
~~(includes Function 300 funding and other~~
~~commissions)~~
Sources: FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-128; FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-128;
P.L. 117-328. CRS calculations. State and Related Agency totals include additional funding for accounts not listed above. CRS calculations. State and Related Agency totals include additional funding for accounts not listed above.
Notes: Includes Function 300 funding and other commissions. Percentage changes may not reflect numbers included in this table due to rounding. Percentage changes may not reflect numbers included in this table due to rounding.
a. Includes supplemental funding provided in P.L. 117-43, P.L. 117-70, and P.L. 117-128. a. Includes supplemental funding provided in P.L. 117-43, P.L. 117-70, and P.L. 117-128.
~~Diplomatic Programs~~
~~The Diplomatic Programs account is the State Department’s principal operating appropriation and~~
~~funds several programs and functions, including~~

~~4 U.S. Department of State,~~ ~~Congressional Budget Justification: Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related~~
~~Programs, Fiscal Year 2023, pp. i-iii; U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Budget Request, slide presentation, March 28,~~
~~2022, pp. 5-6.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

6

~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~
b. Numbers in parentheses indicate supplemental funds proposed by the Administration on September 2, 2022. Congressional Research Service 5 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations c. Numbers in parentheses represent supplemental funding for Ukraine and countries and populations affected by the war in Ukraine. Congress provided such funds in the Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023. Diplomatic Programs The Diplomatic Programs account is the State Department’s principal operating appropriation and funds several programs and functions, including
 most domestic and overseas Foreign Service and Civil Service personnel salaries;  most domestic and overseas Foreign Service and Civil Service personnel salaries;
 the State Department’s recruitment, training, and diversity, equity, inclusion, and  the State Department’s recruitment, training, and diversity, equity, inclusion, and
access programs; access programs;
 public diplomacy programs;  public diplomacy programs;
 operating costs at U.S. overseas posts, including embassies and consulates; and  operating costs at U.S. overseas posts, including embassies and consulates; and
 the operations and programs of the State Department’s strategic and managerial  the operations and programs of the State Department’s strategic and managerial
units, including the Bureaus of Budget and Planning, Information Resource units, including the Bureaus of Budget and Planning, Information Resource
Management (the State Department’s information technology bureau), and Management (the State Department’s information technology bureau), and
Legislative Affairs, as well as the new Bureau of Cyberspace and Digital Policy.Legislative Affairs, as well as the new Bureau of Cyberspace and Digital Policy.59
The Biden Administration’s FY2023 request for the Diplomatic Programs account totaled $9. The Biden Administration’s FY2023 request for the Diplomatic Programs account totaled $9.64
~~billion, or about 1~~69 billion (including all base and supplemental funding), or about 2% more than the $9.54 billion Congress appropriated in FY2022 (% more than the $9.54 billion Congress appropriated in FY2022 (also including all including all
base and supplemental funding). The Biden Administration requested that Congress make the base and supplemental funding). The Biden Administration requested that Congress make the
entirety of this appropriation (with the exception of the Worldwide Security Protection, or WSP, entirety of this appropriation (with the exception of the Worldwide Security Protection, or WSP,
component, which Congress generally makes available until expended) available for expenditure component, which Congress generally makes available until expended) available for expenditure
for two fiscal years (also known as “two-year funding”). For FY2022, Congress made 15% of this for two fiscal years (also known as “two-year funding”). For FY2022, Congress made 15% of this
appropriation (excluding WSP and supplemental funding) available for two fiscal years, with appropriation (excluding WSP and supplemental funding) available for two fiscal years, with
budget authority for the remainder of the funds expiring at the end of the fiscal year for which budget authority for the remainder of the funds expiring at the end of the fiscal year for which
they were appropriated. However, the Biden Administration cited “ongoing crises, future of work, they were appropriated. However, the Biden Administration cited “ongoing crises, future of work,
and domestic facilities projects, and the endemic posture due to COVID-19” to justify its request and domestic facilities projects, and the endemic posture due to COVID-19” to justify its request
that Congress make all FY2023 funds available as two-year funding.that Congress make all FY2023 funds available as two-year funding.610
The Biden Administration’s request expanded on its ongoing efforts to strengthen the State The Biden Administration’s request expanded on its ongoing efforts to strengthen the State
Department’s workforce.Department’s workforce.711 It sought resources for an additional 629 Foreign Service and Civil It sought resources for an additional 629 Foreign Service and Civil
Service positions, 619 of which the Administration intended to fund through the Diplomatic Service positions, 619 of which the Administration intended to fund through the Diplomatic
Programs account.Programs account.812 Focus areas of Focus areas of ~~newly funded~~proposed new positions included implementation of the positions included implementation of the
Administration’s Indo-Pacific Strategy and countering the malign influence of state and non-state Administration’s Indo-Pacific Strategy and countering the malign influence of state and non-state
actors.actors.913 Also within the request was funding for an additional 250 Foreign Service and Civil Also within the request was funding for an additional 250 Foreign Service and Civil
Service positions to expand the State Department’s Professional Development and Training Float Service positions to expand the State Department’s Professional Development and Training Float
(“training float,” or component of employees participating in training and professional (“training float,” or component of employees participating in training and professional
development programs rather than serving in policy assignments).development programs rather than serving in policy assignments).1014 Expansion of the training 9 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, pp. 14-24. 10 Ibid., p. 15. 11 ~~Expansion of the training~~
~~float might enable the State Department to provide opportunities for more staff to participate in~~
~~training and learning modules while maintaining the personnel strength needed to advance U.S.~~
~~national security and foreign policy interests.~~
~~The Biden Administration also sought $65.6 million within its request for Diplomatic Programs~~
~~for diversity, equity, inclusion, and access (DEIA) programs for staff in support of several~~
~~executive orders President Biden has issued that are intended to advance DEIA in the federal~~
~~workforce. Such programs included a new initiative to modernize the State Department’s~~

~~5 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, pp. 14-24.~~
~~6 Ibid., p. 15.~~
7 For more detail on these efforts as they pertain to the Biden Administration’s FY2022 request, see CRS Report For more detail on these efforts as they pertain to the Biden Administration’s FY2022 request, see CRS Report
R46935, R46935, Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2022 Budget and Appropriations, by , by
Cory R. Gill, Marian L. Lawson, and Emily M. Morgenstern, pp. 6-8. Cory R. Gill, Marian L. Lawson, and Emily M. Morgenstern, pp. 6-8.
812 U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Congressional Budget Justification Appendix I: Department of State Diplomatic
Engagement, pp. 7-8. , pp. 7-8.
913 U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 15. , p. 15.
1014 Ibid., p. 16. Ibid., p. 16.
Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

76 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations float might enable the State Department to provide opportunities for more staff to participate in training and learning modules while maintaining the personnel strength needed to advance U.S. national security and foreign policy interests. The Biden Administration also sought $65.6 million within its request for Diplomatic Programs for diversity, equity, inclusion, and access (DEIA) programs for staff in support of several executive orders President Biden has issued that are intended to advance DEIA in the federal workforce. Such programs included a new initiative to modernize the State Department’s

~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

recruitment practices to better ensure the department is able to attract a diverse workforce, recruitment practices to better ensure the department is able to attract a diverse workforce,
increased paid internship opportunities, and a new Civil Service diversity fellowship program. increased paid internship opportunities, and a new Civil Service diversity fellowship program.
Furthermore, the Administration requested 30 additional State Department positions focused on Furthermore, the Administration requested 30 additional State Department positions focused on
DEIA efforts.DEIA efforts.1115
House Legislation. H.R. 8282, if enacted, would H.R. 8282, if enacted, would ~~provide~~have provided $89,000 less for the Diplomatic $89,000 less for the Diplomatic
Programs account than the Biden Administration requested.Programs account than the Biden Administration requested.1216 The bill The bill ~~does~~did not implement the not implement the
Biden Administration’s request that all non-WSP Diplomatic Programs funding be made available Biden Administration’s request that all non-WSP Diplomatic Programs funding be made available
as two-year funding. Instead, it as two-year funding. Instead, it ~~mirrors~~mirrored the FY2022 appropriations law (Division K of P.L. 117- the FY2022 appropriations law (Division K of P.L. 117-
103) in making 15% of the Diplomatic Programs appropriation available for two fiscal years, 103) in making 15% of the Diplomatic Programs appropriation available for two fiscal years,
with budget authority for the remaining funds expiring at the end of FY2023.with budget authority for the remaining funds expiring at the end of FY2023.1317 H.R. 8282 fully H.R. 8282 fully
~~funds~~funded the Administration’s request for additional State Department Foreign Service and Civil the Administration’s request for additional State Department Foreign Service and Civil
Service positions and the expansion of the State Department’s training float. The House Service positions and the expansion of the State Department’s training float. The House
Appropriations Committee report accompanying this bill expressly Appropriations Committee report accompanying this bill expressly ~~prioritizes~~prioritized staffing increases staffing increases
in areas including Central America sanctions issues, management and oversight of security in areas including Central America sanctions issues, management and oversight of security
assistance programs, and cybersecurity.assistance programs, and cybersecurity.1418 The committee report also The committee report also ~~states~~stated that the bill that the bill ~~includes~~included
funding for “not less than the budget request” to expand the State Department’s DEIA funding for “not less than the budget request” to expand the State Department’s DEIA
programming, including recruitment, retention, and professional development initiatives.programming, including recruitment, retention, and professional development initiatives.1519 The The
report specifically report specifically ~~allocates~~allocated not less than $18 million for paid internships (a figure which not less than $18 million for paid internships (a figure which ~~equals~~equaled
the Biden Administration’s request)the Biden Administration’s request)~~, while also requiring~~ and also required the State Department to submit reports the State Department to submit reports
to Congress describing all of its workforce diversity activities andto Congress describing all of its workforce diversity activities and, separately, barriers to equity in separately, barriers to equity in
Foreign and Civil Service staff promotions.Foreign and Civil Service staff promotions.16
~~Diplomatic Security~~
~~The WSP allocation within the Diplomatic Programs account and the Embassy Security,~~
~~Construction, and Maintenance (ESCM) account are often referred to as the “diplomatic security~~
~~accounts” within SFOPS. WSP funds the Bureau of Diplomatic Security (DS), which is tasked~~
~~with implementing the State Department’s security programs to protect U.S. embassies and other~~
~~overseas posts, diplomatic residences, and domestic State Department offices.17 Other bureaus~~
~~that receive funding through WSP include the Bureau of Information Resource Management,~~
~~which shares responsibility with DS for protecting the State Department’s information technology~~
~~assets. The ESCM account funds the Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations, which is~~
~~responsible for providing U.S. diplomatic and consular missions overseas with secure, safe, and~~
~~functional facilities abroad.18~~
~~The Biden Administration requested approximately $5.77 billion for the diplomatic security~~
~~accounts: $3.81 billion for WSP and $1.96 billion for ESCM. The Administration’s request was~~

~~11 Ibid., pp. 15-16.~~
1220 Consolidated Appropriation. When factoring in supplemental funding, P.L. 117-328 included $9.61 billion for the Diplomatic Programs account, which was a 0.8% decrease from the Biden Administration’s total request. With regard to base funding only, the law’s provision of $9.46 billion was around 1.8% less than the request. As with the House bill, the law did not implement the Biden Administration’s request for all non-WSP Diplomatic Programs base funding to be made available as two-year funding; it instead made 15% of the appropriation available as such (with budget authority for the remaining funds expiring at the end of FY2023), which was consistent with recent congressional practice in past SFOPS appropriations laws. The law further provided $3.42 billion for the Human Resources funding category of the Diplomatic Programs account, which is used to fund Foreign and Civil Service salaries, among other purposes. This 15 Ibid., pp. 15-16. 16 The Biden Administration’s request for Diplomatic Programs totaled $9,637,796,000. If enacted, the House bill The Biden Administration’s request for Diplomatic Programs totaled $9,637,796,000. If enacted, the House bill
would would ~~provide~~have provided $9,637,707,000 for Diplomatic Programs. $9,637,707,000 for Diplomatic Programs.
1317 See Diplomatic Programs heading in Title I of H.R. 8282 and Division K, Title I of P.L. 117-103. See Diplomatic Programs heading in Title I of H.R. 8282 and Division K, Title I of P.L. 117-103.
1418 U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
Appropriations Bill, 2023, report to accompany H.R. 8282, 117th Cong., 2nd sess., H.Rept. 117-401, (Washington, DC: , report to accompany H.R. 8282, 117th Cong., 2nd sess., H.Rept. 117-401, (Washington, DC:
GPO, 2022), p. 12. GPO, 2022), p. 12.
1519 Ibid. Ibid.
1620 Ibid Ibid., pp. 14-15, 18. Congressional Research Service 7 link to page 14 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations totaled about $20 million less than both the Administration’s request and the House bill. The Joint Explanatory Statement (JES) accompanying the law noted that it “include[d] funding for additional Foreign Service officers and Civil Service positions” and required the Secretary of State to consult with Congress regarding proposed staffing increases.21 Neither the law nor the JES directly mentioned the Administration’s request to expand the State Department’s training float but they did not expressly preclude the State Department from obligating funds to do so. Although neither the law nor the JES provided an aggregate funding level for State Department DEIA programming, the JES noted that the law provided “funding for workforce diversity initiatives,” including not less than $6 million each for the Charles B. Rangel International Affairs Program and the Thomas R. Pickering Foreign Affairs Graduate Fellowship Program.22 The JES further allocated $7.2 million for the State Department’s Office of Diversity and Inclusion, which exceeded the Administration’s request of about $7.0 million for this office.23 Like the House committee report, the JES allocated $18.0 million for paid internships, which equaled the Administration’s request.24 Diplomatic Security The WSP allocation within the Diplomatic Programs account and the Embassy Security, Construction, and Maintenance (ESCM) account are often referred to as the “diplomatic security accounts” within SFOPS. WSP funds the Bureau of Diplomatic Security (DS), which is tasked with implementing the State Department’s security programs to protect U.S. embassies and other overseas posts, diplomatic residences, and domestic State Department offices.25 Other bureaus that receive funding through WSP include the Bureau of Information Resource Management, which shares responsibility with DS for protecting the State Department’s information technology assets. The ESCM account funds the Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations, which is responsible for providing U.S. diplomatic and consular missions overseas with secure, safe, and functional facilities.26 The Biden Administration requested approximately $5.77 billion for the diplomatic security accounts: $3.81 billion for WSP and $1.96 billion for ESCM. The Administration’s request was ~~, pp. 14-15, 18.~~
~~17 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 19.~~
~~18 Ibid., p. 37.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

8

~~link to page 13 link to page 10~~ ~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

1.9% less than the funding Congress provided for these accounts in FY2022 (including 1.9% less than the funding Congress provided for these accounts in FY2022 (including
supplemental fundingsupplemental funding, ~~see~~; see Table 43 and footnote below).and footnote below).19
~~Table 4. Diplomatic Security Annual Appropriations, FY2021-FY2023~~
~~(In millions of current U.S. dollars, includes OCO and emergency funds)~~
~~FY2023~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Request~~
~~Request~~
~~as %~~
~~as %~~
~~Change~~
~~Change~~
~~from~~
~~from~~
~~FY2021~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Account~~
~~Actual~~
~~Enacteda~~
~~Request~~
~~Base~~
~~Total~~
~~House~~
~~Worldwide Security Protection~~
~~3,903.60~~
~~3,788.20~~
~~3,813.71~~
~~0.67%~~
~~0.67%~~
~~3,813.71~~
~~Embassy Security, Construction,~~
~~1,950.45~~
~~2,093.15~~
~~1,957.82~~
~~-1.30%~~
~~-6.5%~~
~~1,957.82~~
~~and Maintenance~~
~~Diplomatic Security (total)~~
~~5,854.05~~
~~5,881.35~~
~~5,771.53~~
~~0.00%~~
~~-1.9%~~ 27 21 Joint Explanatory Statement Accompanying Division K of P.L. 117-328, p. 8. 22 Ibid., p. 10. 23 Ibid., p. 7; U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Congressional Budget Justification Appendix I: Department of State Diplomatic Engagement, p. 12. 24 Ibid., p. 13; U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Congressional Budget Justification Appendix I: Department of State Diplomatic Engagement, p. 11. 25 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 19. 26 Ibid., p. 37. 27 The FY2022 enacted appropriation for the diplomatic security accounts totaled $5,771,348,000. The FY2023 request for these accounts totaled $5,771,528,000. Congressional Research Service 8 link to page 10 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations Table 3. Diplomatic Security Annual Appropriations, FY2021-FY2023 (In millions of current U.S. dollars, includes OCO and emergency funds) FY2021 FY2022 FY2023 FY2023 FY2023 Account Actual Enacteda Request House Enacted Worldwide Security Protection 3,903.60 3,788.20 3,813.71 3,813.71 3,813.71 Embassy Security, Construction, 1,950.45 2,093.15 1,957.82 1,957.82 1,957.82 and Maintenance Diplomatic Security (total) 5,854.05 5,881.35 5,771.53 5,771.53 5,771.53
Sources: FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-128; FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-128;
H.R. 8282; H.R. 8282; P.L. 117-328; CRS calculations. CRS calculations.
Notes: Sums Sums ~~and percentage changes~~ may not reflect numbers included in this table due to rounding. Annual may not reflect numbers included in this table due to rounding. Annual
appropriations data do not reflect available carryover funds.appropriations data do not reflect available carryover funds.2028
a. Includes supplemental funding provided in P.L. 117-128. a. Includes supplemental funding provided in P.L. 117-128.
For FY2023, the Biden Administration sought WSP funding for 64 additional positions, including For FY2023, the Biden Administration sought WSP funding for 64 additional positions, including
30 new Civil Service positions to focus on areas including security clearance processing and 30 new Civil Service positions to focus on areas including security clearance processing and
cybersecurity initiatives.cybersecurity initiatives.2129 The request also identified several cybersecurity initiatives and The request also identified several cybersecurity initiatives and
enhancements, including enterprise vulnerability scanning and network intrusion detection enhancements, including enterprise vulnerability scanning and network intrusion detection
modernization, which the Biden Administration modernization, which the Biden Administration ~~intends~~intended to prioritize. While the request reflected to prioritize. While the request reflected a a
$538 million reduction due to suspended operations at the U.S. Embassy in Afghanistan, it also $538 million reduction due to suspended operations at the U.S. Embassy in Afghanistan, it also
called for nearly $42 million to implement an agreement the United States reached with Qatar to called for nearly $42 million to implement an agreement the United States reached with Qatar to
provide some consular services to U.S. citizens in Afghanistan and monitor the condition of U.S. provide some consular services to U.S. citizens in Afghanistan and monitor the condition of U.S.
diplomatic facilities there.diplomatic facilities there.2230 With regard to ESCM, the request included the State Department’s With regard to ESCM, the request included the State Department’s
$940 million ESCM funding share of the Capital Security Cost Sharing and Maintenance Cost $940 million ESCM funding share of the Capital Security Cost Sharing and Maintenance Cost
Sharing Programs (CSCS/MCS), which fund the construction and maintenance of U.S. Sharing Programs (CSCS/MCS), which fund the construction and maintenance of U.S.
diplomatic posts. The Administration maintained that this request, when combined with diplomatic posts. The Administration maintained that this request, when combined with
contributions from other agencies with overseas personnel, would fund these programs at the $2.2 contributions from other agencies with overseas personnel, would fund these programs at the $2.2
billion level recommended by the State Department Accountability Review Board convened after billion level recommended by the State Department Accountability Review Board convened after
the 2012 terrorist attack against U.S. personnel in Benghazi, Libya.the 2012 terrorist attack against U.S. personnel in Benghazi, Libya.23

~~19 The FY2022 enacted appropriation for~~31 House Legislation. If enacted, the FY2023 House SFOPS bill would have funded the diplomatic the diplomatic security accounts at levels equal to the Biden Administration’s request. While the bill did not directly address many of the security programs the Biden Administration prioritized, the committee report noted that WSP resources were intended to support “enhanced high threat protection, security technology, [and] cyber and information security,” along with protective services for senior State Department officials and foreign dignitaries visiting the United States.32 The bill also provided funding equal to what the Biden Administration requested for WSP salaries, which may have allowed the State Department to move forward with creating additional 28~~security accounts totaled $5,771,348,000. The FY2023 request~~
~~for these accounts totaled $5,771,528,000.~~
20 Over the past several years, Congress provided no-year appropriations for both WSP and ESCM, thereby authorizing Over the past several years, Congress provided no-year appropriations for both WSP and ESCM, thereby authorizing
the State Department to indefinitely retain appropriated funds beyond the fiscal year for which they were appropriated. the State Department to indefinitely retain appropriated funds beyond the fiscal year for which they were appropriated.
As a result, the department has carried over balances of unexpired, unobligated WSP and ESCM funds each year that it As a result, the department has carried over balances of unexpired, unobligated WSP and ESCM funds each year that it
is authorized to obligate for purposes including multiyear construction projects and unexpected security contingencies. is authorized to obligate for purposes including multiyear construction projects and unexpected security contingencies.
2129 U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 37. , p. 37.
2230 Ibid., p. 19; Humeyra Pamuk and Jonathan Landay, “Blinken says Qatar to act as U.S. diplomatic representative in Ibid., p. 19; Humeyra Pamuk and Jonathan Landay, “Blinken says Qatar to act as U.S. diplomatic representative in
Afghanistan,” Afghanistan,” Reuters, November 12, 2021. , November 12, 2021.
2331 Ibid., p. 37. 32 House Committee on Appropriations, State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2023, p. 11. Congressional Research Service 9 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations WSP positions described in the FY2023 request.33 The committee report allocated $940 million provided within ESCM for the State Department’s CSCS/MCS funding requirements, which equaled the Biden Administration’s request.34 The House bill further included notification and reporting requirements similar to those made part of past SFOPS appropriations laws that would have enabled Congress to conduct oversight of ongoing overseas diplomatic facility construction projects.35 Consolidated Appropriation. The consolidated appropriations measure included $3.81 billion for WSP and $1.96 billion for ESCM, for a total of approximately $5.77 billion in diplomatic security funding. This aggregate funding level was equal to the Biden Administration’s request and totaled about $180,000 more than the FY2022 enacted level (excluding the $110 million in supplemental funding Congress provided for diplomatic security in FY2022). While neither the law nor the JES expressly endorsed or funded many of the diplomatic and cyber security programs the Biden Administration highlighted in its request, the law did not directly prohibit the State Department from pursuing these initiatives. Like the House bill, the consolidated appropriations measure fully funded the Biden Administration’s request for WSP salaries and thus enabled ~~Ibid., p. 37.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

9

~~link to page 15 link to page 15~~ ~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

House Legislation. The FY2023 House SFOPS bill funds the diplomatic security accounts at
~~levels equal to the Biden Administration’s request. While the bill does not directly address many~~
~~of the security programs the Biden Administration has prioritized, the committee report notes that~~
~~WSP resources are intended to support “enhanced high threat protection, security technology,~~
~~[and] cyber and information security,” along with protective services for senior State Department~~
~~officials and foreign dignitaries visiting the United States.24 The bill also provides funding equal~~
~~to what the Biden Administration requested for WSP salaries, which may allow~~ the State the State
~~Department to move forward with creating additional WSP positions described in the FY2023~~
~~request.25 The committee report allocates $940 million provided within ESCM for the State~~
~~Department’s CSCS/MCS funding requirements, which equals the Biden Administration’s~~
~~request.26 The House bill further includes notification and reporting requirements similar to those~~
~~included in past SFOPS appropriations laws to enable Congress to conduct oversight of ongoing~~
~~overseas diplomatic facility construction projects.27~~Department to proceed with its security-focused hiring plans. The JES also allocated the $940 million in ESCM monies the Administration requested for CSCS/MCS to fund construction and maintenance projects at U.S. overseas posts.36 The law further carried over many of the oversight provisions and reporting requirements included in the House bill, including those that required the State Department to share detailed information with Congress prior to obligating funds for the acquisition of property or the award of new construction contracts for U.S. diplomatic facilities.37
Assessed Contributions to International Organizations and
Peacekeeping Missions
The Contributions to International Organizations (CIO) account is the funding vehicle for the The Contributions to International Organizations (CIO) account is the funding vehicle for the
United States’ payments of its annual assessed contributions (membership dues) to 43 United States’ payments of its annual assessed contributions (membership dues) to 43
international organizations. These include the United Nations (U.N.) and organizations in the international organizations. These include the United Nations (U.N.) and organizations in the
U.N. system (among them the World Health Organization, or WHO, and the Food and Agriculture U.N. system (among them the World Health Organization, or WHO, and the Food and Agriculture
Organization, or FAO) and regional organizations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Organization, or FAO) and regional organizations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO).(NATO).2838 Separately, the United States pays its assessed contributions to U.N. peacekeeping Separately, the United States pays its assessed contributions to U.N. peacekeeping
missions through the Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities (CIPA) account.missions through the Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities (CIPA) account.2939
The United States provides additional funding to international organizations through various The United States provides additional funding to international organizations through various
SFOPS humanitarian and multilateral assistance accounts. SFOPS humanitarian and multilateral assistance accounts.
~~The Biden Administration’s FY2023 SFOPS request included a combined $3.99 billion for these~~
~~accounts. This request comprised a 26.1% increase from the FY2022 enacted funding level~~. ~~Table~~
5 ~~illustrates recent funding for each account.~~

24 33 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 22; see paragraph (1) under the Diplomatic Programs heading in Title I of H.R. 8282. 34 House Committee on Appropriations, State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2023, p. 11. 35 See Section 7004 of H.R. 8282 and House Committee on Appropriations, House Committee on Appropriations, State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2023, ,
~~p. 11.~~
25pp. 23-25. 36 Joint Explanatory Statement Accompanying Division K of P.L. 117-328, p. 18; U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Congressional Budget Justification Appendix I: Department of State Diplomatic Engagement, p. 324. The JES allocates an additional $162.29 million in consular fees for CSCS/MCS, which the Administration also requested. 37 See Section 7004(b) of Division K of P.L. 117-328 Congressional Budget Justification, p. 22; see paragraph (1) under the Diplomatic
~~Programs heading in Title I of H.R. 8282.~~
~~26 House Committee on Appropriations, State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2023,~~
~~p. 11.~~
~~27 See Section 7004 of H.R. 8282~~ and House Committee on Appropriations, and House Committee on Appropriations, State, Foreign Operations, and Related
Programs Appropriations Bill, 2023, pp. , pp. 2324-25.-25.
28 38 U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, pp. 48-50. , pp. 48-50.
2939 Ibid., pp. 52-55. Ibid., pp. 52-55.
Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

10 10

link to page 16 link to page 16 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations

~~Table 5~~The Biden Administration’s FY2023 SFOPS request included a combined $3.99 billion for these accounts. This request comprised a 26.1% increase from the FY2022 enacted funding level. Table 4 illustrates recent funding for each account. Table 4. U.S. Payments of Assessments to International Organizations and
Peacekeeping Missions, FY2021-FY2023
(In millions of current U.S. dollars; includes OCO funds) (In millions of current U.S. dollars; includes OCO funds)
~~FY2023~~
~~Request~~
~~as %~~
~~Change~~
~~from~~
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
~~FY2022~~FY2023
FY2023
Account
Actual
Enacted
Request
~~Total~~
~~House~~House Enacted
Contributions to International Contributions to International
1,505.93 1,505.93
1,662.93 1,662.93
1,658.24 1,658.24
~~-0.28%~~
~~1,659.74~~1,659.74 1,438.00
Organizations Organizations
Contributions for International Contributions for International
1,456.21 1,456.21
1,498.61 1,498.61
2,327.24 2,327.24
~~55.29%~~
~~1,797.50~~1,797.50 1,481.92
Peacekeeping Activities Peacekeeping Activities
Total
2,962.14
3,161.54
3,985.47
~~26.06%~~
~~3,457.24~~3,457.24 2,919.92
Sources: FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; H.R. 8282; FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; H.R. 8282;
P.L. 117-328; CRS calculations. CRS calculations.
Note: ~~Percentage changes may not reflect numbers included in this table~~Totals may not add due to rounding. due to rounding.
Among other priorities, the Biden Administration’s request sought $150 million to begin paying Among other priorities, the Biden Administration’s request sought $150 million to begin paying
U.S. arrears (overdue assessed contributions) to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and U.S. arrears (overdue assessed contributions) to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO) with the intention of rejoining the organization. The United Cultural Organization (UNESCO) with the intention of rejoining the organization. The United
States previously withheld funding to UNESCO after the organization admitted the Palestinians States previously withheld funding to UNESCO after the organization admitted the Palestinians
as a member in 2011 pursuant to U.S. laws prohibiting funding to U.N. entities that take such as a member in 2011 pursuant to U.S. laws prohibiting funding to U.N. entities that take such
actions. The United States later withdrew from UNESCO in 2018.actions. The United States later withdrew from UNESCO in 2018.3040 The Biden Administration The Biden Administration
also sought a waiver to allow it to expend these funds, which Congress previously refrained from also sought a waiver to allow it to expend these funds, which Congress previously refrained from
providing when the Administration included funding for UNESCO in its FY2022 request.providing when the Administration included funding for UNESCO in its FY2022 request.3141 The The
FY2023 request further called for nearly $58 million to support increased funding for NATO’s FY2023 request further called for nearly $58 million to support increased funding for NATO’s
civil budget, which funds personnel expenses, operating costs, and program expenditures at the civil budget, which funds personnel expenses, operating costs, and program expenditures at the
NATO Headquarters in Brussels, Belgium.NATO Headquarters in Brussels, Belgium.3242 The Biden Administration asserted that increased The Biden Administration asserted that increased
funding for the civil budget would enable NATO to “maintain its technological and operational funding for the civil budget would enable NATO to “maintain its technological and operational
edge in the evolving strategic and security environment that includes threats and challenges such edge in the evolving strategic and security environment that includes threats and challenges such
as a more aggressive and assertive Russia and China, the need for strengthened cybersecurity, and as a more aggressive and assertive Russia and China, the need for strengthened cybersecurity, and
threats posed by emerging and destructive technologies.”threats posed by emerging and destructive technologies.”3343
With regard to CIPA, the Biden Administration maintained that its FY2023 request would With regard to CIPA, the Biden Administration maintained that its FY2023 request would
advance its intention to fund the United States’ U.N. peacekeeping commitments at its current advance its intention to fund the United States’ U.N. peacekeeping commitments at its current
assessed rate of 26.94%. This assessment exceeds the enacted 25% cap on U.S. contributions assessed rate of 26.94%. This assessment exceeds the enacted 25% cap on U.S. contributions
~~Congress has kept in place since the 1990s due to concerns that assessed rates are too high.34 The~~

3040 For additional detail, see CRS Insight IN10802, For additional detail, see CRS Insight IN10802, U.S. Withdrawal from the United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), by Luisa Blanchfield. , by Luisa Blanchfield.
3141 U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Budget Request, slide presentation, pp. 37, 50. CRS Report R46935, , slide presentation, pp. 37, 50. CRS Report R46935, Department
of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2022 Budget and Appropriations, by Cory R. Gill, Marian L. , by Cory R. Gill, Marian L.
Lawson, and Emily M. Morgenstern, p. 12. Lawson, and Emily M. Morgenstern, p. 12.
3242 U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 49; North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), , p. 49; North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO),
Funding NATO, April 1, 2022. The Administration notes that this request is an estimate subject to the final outcome of , April 1, 2022. The Administration notes that this request is an estimate subject to the final outcome of
2023 NATO budget negotiations that will conclude in June 2022. 2023 NATO budget negotiations that will conclude in June 2022.
3343 U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 49. , p. 49.
~~34 Over the years, the gap between the actual U.S. assessment and the cap led to funding shortfalls. The State~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

11

~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

Congressional Research Service 11 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations Congress has kept in place since the 1990s due to concerns that assessed rates are too high.44 The Administration also once again requested language to authorize the State Department to pay Administration also once again requested language to authorize the State Department to pay
assessed contributions above the 25% statutory cap; Congress refrained from including such a assessed contributions above the 25% statutory cap; Congress refrained from including such a
measure in the FY2022 SFOPS appropriations law despite the State Department’s request.measure in the FY2022 SFOPS appropriations law despite the State Department’s request.3545 The The
FY2023 request also included $620 million for the State Department to pay some peacekeeping FY2023 request also included $620 million for the State Department to pay some peacekeeping
arrears accrued from FY2017 to FY2020 due to the 25% cap and an additional $110.3 million to arrears accrued from FY2017 to FY2020 due to the 25% cap and an additional $110.3 million to
pay arrears from the 2021-2022 peacekeeping year (also due to the cap).pay arrears from the 2021-2022 peacekeeping year (also due to the cap).3646 The Biden The Biden
Administration similarly sought additional funding as part of its FY2022 request for CIPA to pay Administration similarly sought additional funding as part of its FY2022 request for CIPA to pay
down arrears accumulated over the previous four years, yet Congress funded CIPA at a level down arrears accumulated over the previous four years, yet Congress funded CIPA at a level
much closer to the FY2021 appropriation for that account.much closer to the FY2021 appropriation for that account.3747
House Legislation. The House SFOPS bill The House SFOPS bill ~~includes~~included a combined $3.46 billion for CIO and CIPA, a combined $3.46 billion for CIO and CIPA,
or about 13.3% less than the Biden Administration’s request and 9.4% more than the FY2022 or about 13.3% less than the Biden Administration’s request and 9.4% more than the FY2022
funding provided by Congress. This lower overall figure relative to the Administration’s request funding provided by Congress. This lower overall figure relative to the Administration’s request
iswas attributable entirely to CIPA, as the House bill attributable entirely to CIPA, as the House bill ~~funds~~funded CIO slightly above (about 0.09% more) CIO slightly above (about 0.09% more)
the request. The House bill the request. The House bill ~~includes~~included waiver authority similar to what the Administration requested waiver authority similar to what the Administration requested
that, if exercised, would that, if exercised, would ~~allow~~have allowed the State Department to begin paying U.S. arrears to UNESCO. the State Department to begin paying U.S. arrears to UNESCO.38
48 While neither the bill nor the committee report directly While neither the bill nor the committee report directly ~~address~~addressed NATO in the context of CIO, the NATO in the context of CIO, the
bill’s provision of slightly more funding than the Biden Administration requested for this account bill’s provision of slightly more funding than the Biden Administration requested for this account
~~appears~~appeared to allow the State Department to fund NATO’s civil budget at requested levels. With to allow the State Department to fund NATO’s civil budget at requested levels. With
regard to CIPA, the committee report regard to CIPA, the committee report ~~notes~~noted that this bill that this bill ~~includes~~included “more than $200 million” to “more than $200 million” to
enable the State Department to begin paying down peacekeeping arrears.enable the State Department to begin paying down peacekeeping arrears.~~39 This appears~~49 This appeared lower lower
than the than the ~~$620 million~~funding the Biden Administration requested for this purpose. H.R. 8282 further the Biden Administration requested for this purpose. H.R. 8282 further
~~includes~~included language similar to what the Biden Administration requested that would language similar to what the Biden Administration requested that would ~~authorize~~have authorized the the
State Department to pay assessed peacekeeping contributions above the 25% statutory cap, which State Department to pay assessed peacekeeping contributions above the 25% statutory cap, which
the committee report the committee report ~~maintains will enable~~maintained would have enabled the State Department to use FY2023 funds to pay the the State Department to use FY2023 funds to pay the
full share of the United States’ assessed peacekeeping costs.full share of the United States’ assessed peacekeeping costs.~~40 The bill also requires that any State~~
~~Department payment of peacekeeping arrears shall be subject to prior consultation with Congress,~~

50 The 44 Over the years, the gap between the actual U.S. assessment and the cap led to funding shortfalls. The State Department and Congress often covered these shortfalls by raising the cap for limited periods and allowing for the Department and Congress often covered these shortfalls by raising the cap for limited periods and allowing for the
application of U.N. peacekeeping credits (excess U.N. funds from previous missions) to fund outstanding U.S. application of U.N. peacekeeping credits (excess U.N. funds from previous missions) to fund outstanding U.S.
balances. For several years, these actions allowed the United States to pay its peacekeeping assessments in full. balances. For several years, these actions allowed the United States to pay its peacekeeping assessments in full.
However, since FY2017 Congress has declined to raise the cap, and in mid-2017, the Trump Administration allowed However, since FY2017 Congress has declined to raise the cap, and in mid-2017, the Trump Administration allowed
for the application of peacekeeping credits up to, but not beyond, the 25% cap—which has led to the accumulation of for the application of peacekeeping credits up to, but not beyond, the 25% cap—which has led to the accumulation of
about $920 million in U.S. arrears from FY2017 to FY2020. For more information, see CRS In Focus IF10354, about $920 million in U.S. arrears from FY2017 to FY2020. For more information, see CRS In Focus IF10354, United
Nations Issues: U.S. Funding to the U.N. System, by Luisa Blanchfield. , by Luisa Blanchfield.
3545 U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Budget Request, slide presentation, p. 52; CRS Report R46935, , slide presentation, p. 52; CRS Report R46935, Department of
State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2022 Budget and Appropriations, by Cory R. Gill, Marian L. , by Cory R. Gill, Marian L.
Lawson, and Emily M. Morgenstern, p. 12. Lawson, and Emily M. Morgenstern, p. 12.
3646 U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 52. , p. 52.
3747 For additional detail, see CRS Report R46935, For additional detail, see CRS Report R46935, Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs:
FY2022 Budget and Appropriations, by Cory R. Gill, Marian L. Lawson, and Emily M. Morgenstern, pp. 10-12. , by Cory R. Gill, Marian L. Lawson, and Emily M. Morgenstern, pp. 10-12.
3848 Section 7071 of H.R. 8282. While operatively similar to the language Section 7071 of H.R. 8282. While operatively similar to the language ~~included~~ the State Department included in its the State Department included in its
request, this waiver authority includes several conditions that the State Department did not make part of its requested request, this waiver authority includes several conditions that the State Department did not make part of its requested
language. To review the State Department’s requested language, see the State Department requested Section language. To review the State Department’s requested language, see the State Department requested Section
7025(i)(11) language at U.S. Department of State,7025(i)(11) language at U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Congressional Budget Justification Appendix I: Department
of State Diplomatic Engagement, p. 39. , p. 39.
3949 House Committee on Appropriations, House Committee on Appropriations, State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2023, ,
p. 28. p. 28.
4050 See the final clause under the “Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities” heading under Title I of H.R. See the final clause under the “Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities” heading under Title I of H.R.
8282 and proposed legislative language under the same heading at U.S. Department of State,8282 and proposed legislative language under the same heading at U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Congressional
Budget Justification Appendix I: Department of State Diplomatic Engagement, p. 35. See also House Committee on p. 35. See also House Committee on
~~Appropriations, State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2023, p. 28.~~
Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

12 12

link to page link to page ~~17 link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 18~~ ~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

~~while also stipulating~~16 link to page 19 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations bill also would have required that any State Department payment of peacekeeping arrears shall be subject to prior consultation with Congress and stipulated that no CIPA funding may be used for the procurement of Russian that no CIPA funding may be used for the procurement of Russian
equipment unless the Secretary of State equipment unless the Secretary of State ~~reports~~reported to Congress on a case-by-case basis that this to Congress on a case-by-case basis that this
prohibition “would pose a substantial risk to human health or welfare.”prohibition “would pose a substantial risk to human health or welfare.”41
51 Consolidated Appropriation. The consolidated appropriations law (P.L. 117-328) provided a total of $2.92 billion for CIO and CIPA, or about 26.8% less than the Biden Administration’s request and 7.6% below the FY2022 enacted level. The difference between the funding levels requested by the Administration and provided in the law owed largely to CIPA (see Table 4). Neither the law nor the JES set aside any CIPA funds for the payment of peacekeeping arrears. Moreover, the law did not provide the waiver authority the Administration requested to enable the State Department to use FY2023 funds to pay assessed peacekeeping contributions above the 25% statutory cap. While the law did not include the aforementioned restriction on the use of CIPA funds for the procurement of Russian equipment that was part of the House bill, the JES directed the Secretary of State to work with the United Nations to reduce its reliance on Russian equipment and transmit a report to Congress detailing steps to be taken in this regard.52 With respect to CIO, the law included waiver authority similar to what the Biden Administration requested and identical to that provided in the House bill that enabled the President to waive statutory restrictions that precluded U.S. funding to UNESCO.53 Should President Biden exercise this waiver authority, the Administration may begin paying arrears in order to rejoin UNESCO, as detailed in the State Department’s budget request.54 While the law and the JES did not address NATO in the context of CIO, the law did not prohibit the United States from funding NATO’s civil budget. Foreign Operations Highlights
SFOPS Foreign Operations accounts comprise the majority of U.S. foreign assistance included in SFOPS Foreign Operations accounts comprise the majority of U.S. foreign assistance included in
the international affairs budget; the remainder is enacted in the Agriculture appropriations bill, the international affairs budget; the remainder is enacted in the Agriculture appropriations bill,
which provides funding for the Food for Peace Act, Title II (FFP) and McGovern-Dole which provides funding for the Food for Peace Act, Title II (FFP) and McGovern-Dole
International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Programs.International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Programs.4255 The FY2023 request for The FY2023 request for
base Foreign Operations Foreign Operations ~~totaled~~was $47.42 billion, an increase of 15.8% over FY2022 enacted base $47.42 billion, an increase of 15.8% over FY2022 enacted base
~~funding and 31.6% below~~funding. Including supplemental requests, the total Foreign Operations request for FY2023 was $71.97 billion, representing a 3.8% increase from total FY2022 enacted funding. The total foreign assistance request, total FY2022 enacted funding. The total foreign assistance request,
including food aid provided for in the agriculture appropriationincluding food aid provided for in the agriculture appropriation~~, was $49.39 billion.~~ See Table 6 and supplemental appropriations, was $73.94 billion. See Table 5
for a more detailed breakdown of foreign assistance funding by type. for a more detailed breakdown of foreign assistance funding by type.
~~Table 6. Foreign Assistance by Type, FY2021-FY2023~~
~~(In millions of current U.S. dollars)~~
~~FY2023~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Request as %~~
~~Request as %~~
~~FY2021~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Change from~~
~~Change from~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Type~~
~~Actuala~~
~~Enactedb~~
~~Request~~
~~FY2022 Base~~
~~FY2022 Total~~
~~House~~
~~USAID Administrationc~~
~~1,752.45~~
~~2,021.15~~
~~2,112.95~~
~~7.03%~~
~~4.54%~~
~~2,087.35~~
~~Global Health Programs~~
~~13,195.95~~
~~9,830.00~~
~~10,576.00~~
~~7.59%~~
~~7.59%~~
~~10,976.50~~
~~Global Health Programs, Mandatory~~

~~6,500.00~~

~~(non-add)d~~
~~Non-Health Development~~
~~17,797.04~~
~~20,110.19~~
~~10,644.49~~
~~12.55%~~
~~-47.07%~~
~~10,622.09~~
~~Assistancee~~
~~Humanitarian Assistancef~~
~~11,467.46~~
~~20,601.85~~
~~10,451.36~~
~~22.13%~~
~~-49.27%~~
~~9,895.10~~
~~Independent Agenciesg~~
~~1,393.50~~
~~1,404.50~~
~~1,431.50~~
~~1.92%~~
~~1.92%~~
~~1,437.50~~
~~Security Assistance~~
~~9,004.03~~
~~14,079.35~~
~~8,999.78~~
~~1.13%~~
~~-36.08%~~
~~8,996.98~~
~~Multilateral Assistance~~
~~2,620.82~~
~~3,024.46~~
~~4,726.72~~
~~99.06%~~
~~56.28%~~
~~4,671.51~~
~~Export Promotion~~
~~264.99~~
~~323.80~~
~~451.05~~
~~39.30%~~
~~39.30%~~
~~540.63~~
~~Foreign Assistance Total~~
~~57,496.24~~
~~71,395.30~~
~~49,393.85~~
~~15.07%~~
~~-30.82%~~
~~49,227.67~~
Sources: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2023; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-
~~128; and H.R. 8282~~ Appropriations, State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2023, p. 28. 51 To review this language, see “Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities” heading under Title I of H.R. 8282. 52 Joint Explanatory Statement Accompanying Division K of P.L. 117-328, p. 20. 53 Section 7070 of Division K of P.L. 117-328. 54 See U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Congressional Budget Justification Appendix I: Department of State Diplomatic Engagement, p. 372. 55 For more on international food assistance programs, see CRS Report R45422, U.S. International Food Assistance: An Overview, by Alyssa R. Casey and Emily M. Morgenstern. Congressional Research Service 13 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 20 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations Table 5. Foreign Assistance by Type, FY2021-FY2023 (In millions of current U.S. dollars) FY2021 FY2022 FY2023 FY2023 FY2023 Type Actuala Enactedb Requestc House Enactedi USAID Administrationd 1,752.45 2,021.15 2,162.95 2,087.35 2,095.95 (47.00) (50.00) (13.00) Global Health Programs 13,195.95 9,830.00 12,171.00 10,576.50 10,560.95 (1,595.00) Global Health Programs, Mandatory 6,500.00 (non-add)e Non-Health Development Assistancef 17,797.04 20,110.19 32,139.49 10,622.09 27,890.78 (10,653.00) (21,495.00) (17,851.50) Humanitarian Assistanceg 11,467.46 20,496.85 10,951.36 9,895.10 11,090.70 (11,939.10) (500.00) (2,522.95) Independent Agenciesh 1,393.50 1,404.50 1,431.50 1,437.50 1,452.50 Security Assistance 9,004.03 14,079.35 9,904.78 8,996.98 9,498.73 (5,180.00) (905.00) (560.00) Multilateral Assistance 2,620.82 3,024.46 4,726.72 4,671.51 2,763.12 (650.00) Export Promotion 264.99 323.80 451.05 540.63 738.08 Foreign Assistance Total 57,496.24 71,395.30 73.938.85 49,227.67 66,090.81 (28,469.10) (24,545.00) (20,967.45) Sources: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2023; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-128; H.R. 8282; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328. .
a. Totals include base, OCO, and Title IX emergency supplemental funds from the Consolidated a. Totals include base, OCO, and Title IX emergency supplemental funds from the Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260), emergency funding from the American Rescue Plan Act (P.L. 117- Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260), emergency funding from the American Rescue Plan Act (P.L. 117-
2), and emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-31. 2), and emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-31.
b. Totals include base and emergency supplemental appropriations from the Consolidated Appropriations Act b. Totals include base and emergency supplemental appropriations from the Consolidated Appropriations Act
2022 (P.L. 117-103) and emergency supplemental funding from the FY2022 Extending Funding and 2022 (P.L. 117-103) and emergency supplemental funding from the FY2022 Extending Funding and
Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43), the FY2022 Further Extending Government Funding Act (P.L. 117-Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43), the FY2022 Further Extending Government Funding Act (P.L. 117-
70), and the Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-128). 70), and the Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-128).

~~41 To review this language, see “Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities” heading under Title I of H.R.~~
~~8282.~~
~~42 For more on international food assistance programs, see CRS Report R45422,~~ ~~U.S. International Food Assistance:~~
~~An Overview, by Alyssa R. Casey and Emily M. Morgenstern.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

13

~~link to page 18 link to page 18 link to page 18~~ ~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

c c. Numbers in parentheses indicate supplemental emergency funds proposed by the Administration on September 2, 2022 and November 15, 2022. d. Includes USAID Operating Expenses, Capital Investment Fund, and the USAID Inspector General. . Includes USAID Operating Expenses, Capital Investment Fund, and the USAID Inspector General.
de. Historically, funding for all Foreign Operations appropriations accounts has been discretionary; . Historically, funding for all Foreign Operations appropriations accounts has been discretionary;
Administration budget requests for SFOPS have remained consistent with that approach. For FY2023, Administration budget requests for SFOPS have remained consistent with that approach. For FY2023,
however, the Biden Administration is requesting $6.5 bil ion in mandatory budget authority for Global however, the Biden Administration is requesting $6.5 bil ion in mandatory budget authority for Global
Health Programs. This mandatory line is considered a “non-add” in the budget request and therefore is not Health Programs. This mandatory line is considered a “non-add” in the budget request and therefore is not
included in the total. For more information, see included in the total. For more information, see “Global Health Programs (GHP)” below. elow.
e. f. Includes Treasury Technical Assistance (appropriated in SFOPS) and the McGovern-Dole International Food Includes Treasury Technical Assistance (appropriated in SFOPS) and the McGovern-Dole International Food
for Education and Child Nutrition Program (appropriated in Agriculture appropriations). for Education and Child Nutrition Program (appropriated in Agriculture appropriations).
f.
g. Includes Food for Peace Act, Title II funds appropriated in annual Agriculture appropriations. Includes Food for Peace Act, Title II funds appropriated in annual Agriculture appropriations.
gh. Includes the Peace Corps, Mil ennium Challenge Corporation, Inter-American Foundation, and the U.S. . Includes the Peace Corps, Mil ennium Challenge Corporation, Inter-American Foundation, and the U.S.
African Development Foundation. African Development Foundation.
i. Numbers in parentheses represent supplemental emergency funding for Ukraine and countries and populations affected by the war in Ukraine. Congress provided such funds in the Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023, and Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023. The Administration asserted that the FY2023 budget request would, among other priorities, The Administration asserted that the FY2023 budget request would, among other priorities,
support U.S. efforts to combat COVID-19 abroad, invest in climate mitigation and adaptation support U.S. efforts to combat COVID-19 abroad, invest in climate mitigation and adaptation
Congressional Research Service 14 link to page 20 link to page 20 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations programs, lead global humanitarian assistance vis-a-vis other donors in countries such as Ukraine programs, lead global humanitarian assistance vis-a-vis other donors in countries such as Ukraine
and Afghanistan, address root causes of migration, and defend democratic institutions globally.and Afghanistan, address root causes of migration, and defend democratic institutions globally.4356
The request also included funding to increase USAID Direct Hire staff by 200 (100 Civil Service The request also included funding to increase USAID Direct Hire staff by 200 (100 Civil Service
and 100 Foreign Service) and invest in agency systems to support the proposed overall increase in and 100 Foreign Service) and invest in agency systems to support the proposed overall increase in
funding and program operations. For more detail on selected sectors, see funding and program operations. For more detail on selected sectors, see “Foreign Operations
Sectors” below. below.
House Legislation. The House SFOPS bill for FY2023 would The House SFOPS bill for FY2023 would ~~provide~~have provided a total of $49.2 billion for a total of $49.2 billion for
foreign assistance, nearly level with the Administration’s request. The bill foreign assistance, nearly level with the Administration’s request. The bill ~~includes a~~ included a 20% 20%
increase in funding for export promotion and a nearly 12% increase for global health programs. increase in funding for export promotion and a nearly 12% increase for global health programs.
All other types of foreign assistance would All other types of foreign assistance would ~~see~~have seen level funding or modest decreases (-5% for level funding or modest decreases (-5% for
Humanitarian Assistance and -1% for both USAID Administration and Multilateral Assistance) Humanitarian Assistance and -1% for both USAID Administration and Multilateral Assistance)
compared to the Administration’s request. When compared to FY2022 enacted base funding, the compared to the Administration’s request. When compared to FY2022 enacted base funding, the
House bill House bill ~~represents~~represented a nearly 15% overall increase with the largest increases provided to a nearly 15% overall increase with the largest increases provided to
Multilateral Assistance (+96.7%) and Export Promotion (+67.0%). When compared to the Multilateral Assistance (+96.7%) and Export Promotion (+67.0%). When compared to the
FY2022 total enacted level, including emergency supplemental funding, the House bill FY2022 total enacted level, including emergency supplemental funding, the House bill ~~represents~~
represented a decrease of 31.0% with three foreign assistance types severely reduced (-52.0% for a decrease of 31.0% with three foreign assistance types severely reduced (-52.0% for
Humanitarian Assistance, -47.2% for Non-Health Development Assistance, and -36.1% for Humanitarian Assistance, -47.2% for Non-Health Development Assistance, and -36.1% for
~~Security Assistance).~~
~~Foreign Operations Sectors~~
~~Global Health Programs (GHP)44~~
~~The Administration requested $10.98 billion for Global Health Programs (GHP) funding for~~
~~FY2023. This represented an 11.7~~Security Assistance). Continuing Resolutions. The first CR, P.L. 117-180, enacted to fund the federal government through December 16, 2022, included $4.5 billion in supplemental funding for non-health development assistance (Division B of the law). As requested by the Administration, Congress directed that such funds be made available for direct financial assistance to the Government of Ukraine. Consolidated Appropriation. P.L. 117-328 provided $45.12 billion in base foreign assistance, a 0.9% decrease from the President’s request and a 0.5% increase from the FY2022 enacted base. When compared to FY2022 enacted base levels, the largest increases were to Export Promotion (+127.9%), Multilateral Assistance (+16.4%), and Global Health Programs (+7.4%). Only Humanitarian Assistance received a slight decrease when compared with FY2022 base levels (-1.1%). The act also included $16.47 billion in supplemental funding for Ukraine through the Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (Division M of the law). Foreign Operations Sectors Global Health Programs (GHP)57 The Administration requested $10.58 billion for base Global Health Programs (GHP) funding for FY2023. This represented a 7.6% increase from FY2022 enacted funding levels. The largest % increase from FY2022 enacted funding levels. The largest
increases were for family planning and reproductive health programs (+9.2%), raising U.S. increases were for family planning and reproductive health programs (+9.2%), raising U.S.
contributions to the multilateral Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (Global contributions to the multilateral Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (Global
Fund, +28.2%), and bolstering global health security (+Fund, +28.2%), and bolstering global health security (+~~42.9~~43.6%)—the latter of which included %)—the latter of which included
strengthening health systems worldwide and enhancing their capacity to fight diseases with strengthening health systems worldwide and enhancing their capacity to fight diseases with
pandemic potential, such as COVID-19.pandemic potential, such as COVID-19.4558 The Administration maintained historical practices of The Administration maintained historical practices of
requesting the bulk (requesting the bulk (7374%) of GHP funds for fighting HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria%) of GHP funds for fighting HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria
~~through the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the Global Fund~~

4356 U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, pp. 74-77. , pp. 74-77.
4457 Tiaji Salaam-Blyther, Specialist in Global Health, contributed to this section. Tiaji Salaam-Blyther, Specialist in Global Health, contributed to this section.
4558 The Administration proposes that the increases be used to “mitigate program losses ... due to COVID-19.” U.S. The Administration proposes that the increases be used to “mitigate program losses ... due to COVID-19.” U.S.
Department of State, Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification. .
Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

1415

link to page link to page 1921 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations

through the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the Global Fund (see Table 6~~(se~~e Table 7). The Administration sought decreases in five subaccounts: bilateral HIV/AIDS . The Administration sought decreases in five subaccounts: bilateral HIV/AIDS
funding through the State Department (-0.5%), Maternal and Child Health (-1.2%), Nutrition (-funding through the State Department (-0.5%), Maternal and Child Health (-1.2%), Nutrition (-
3.2%), Tuberculosis (-5.3.2%), Tuberculosis (-5.87%), and Vulnerable Children (-9.1%). %), and Vulnerable Children (-9.1%).
Notably, the request included a proposal to make available $6.5 billion in “mandatory” funding Notably, the request included a proposal to make available $6.5 billion in “mandatory” funding
“to make transformative investments in global health security and pandemic and other biological “to make transformative investments in global health security and pandemic and other biological
threat preparedness” over five years.threat preparedness” over five years.4659 The Administration did not count these funds in its The Administration did not count these funds in its
FY2023 international affairs budget request total. It is unclear from what subaccounts these funds FY2023 international affairs budget request total. It is unclear from what subaccounts these funds
would would behave been drawn and what portion of this funding would have drawn and what portion of this funding would have been needed to be appropriated given needed to be appropriated given
references to related funding in previous fiscal years. For example, the budget proposal included references to related funding in previous fiscal years. For example, the budget proposal included
within the within the ~~multi-year funding commitment~~$6.5 billion pledges by the Administration to the Coalition for pledges by the Administration to the Coalition for
Epidemic Preparedness and Innovation (CEPI) and other stakeholders in previous fiscal years, Epidemic Preparedness and Innovation (CEPI) and other stakeholders in previous fiscal years,
and amounts provided through P.L. 117-2, the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA), subject to and amounts provided through P.L. 117-2, the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA), subject to
~~Congressional~~congressional approval. The Administration approval. The Administration also counted $1.05 billion of the FY2023 global health counted $1.05 billion of the FY2023 global health
security request ($775 million from USAID and $250 million from the Department of State) security request ($775 million from USAID and $250 million from the Department of State)
~~towards the multi-year funding authority.~~
~~Table 7~~towards the multi-year funding authority. In September 2022, the Administration requested $595 million in emergency supplemental funds for mpox virus responses abroad.60 Of the requested funds, $25 million was for State and $570 million was for USAID. In November 2022, the Administration proposed an additional $1 billion “to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and potential new variants.”61 Such funds were requested to be divided between State ($75 million), for health system strengthening efforts through PEPFAR, and USAID ($925 million) to support pandemic preparedness and health system strengthening efforts, including those carried out through the U.S. COVID-19 Global Response and Recovery Framework, Global VAX, and the Emergency Reserve Fund, among others. Including the supplemental requests, proposed GHP funding for FY2023 totaled $12.17 billion, a 23.8% increase from FY2022 enacted levels. Table 6. Global Health Appropriations by Subaccount, FY2021-FY2023
(In millions of current U.S. dollars) (In millions of current U.S. dollars)
~~FY2023~~
~~Request as %~~
~~GHP~~
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
~~Change from~~FY2023
FY2023
GHP Subaccount
Enacted
Enacted
Request
~~FY2022 Total~~
~~House~~House Enacted
HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS
4,370.0 4,370.0
4,390.0 4,390.0
4,370.0 4,370.0
~~-0.46%~~4,395.0
4,395.0 4,395.0
Global Fund Global Fund
1,560.0 1,560.0
1,560.0 1,560.0
2,000.0 2,000.0
~~28.21%~~2,000.0
2,000.0 2,000.0
~~GHS~~
Global Health Security

250.0 250.0

Total, State- Total, State-
GHP 5,930.0 5,930.0
5,950.0 5,950.0
6,620.0 6,620.0
~~11.26%~~6,395.0
6,395.0 6,395.0
~~GHP~~
HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS
330.0 330.0
330.0 330.0
330.0 330.0
~~0.00%~~330.0
330.0 330.0
Tuberculosis Tuberculosis
319.0 319.0
371. 371.51
350.0 350.0
~~-5.79%~~
~~469.0~~469.0 394.5
Malaria Malaria
770.0 770.0
775.0 775.0
780.0 780.0
~~0.65%~~
~~820.0~~
~~MCH~~
~~855.0~~820.0 795.0 Maternal and Child Health 855.5
890.0 890.0
879.5 879.5
~~-1.18%~~
~~890~~890.0 910.0 .0
Nutrition Nutrition
150.0 150.0
155.0 155.0
150.0 150.0
~~-3.33%~~
~~160.0~~
~~Vulnerable~~
~~25.0~~
~~27.5~~
~~25.0~~
~~-9.09%~~
~~30.0~~
~~Children~~
~~FP/RH~~
~~524.0~~
~~524.0~~
~~572.0~~
~~9.16%~~
~~760~~160.0 160.0 59 FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification, p. 146. 60 Office of Management and Budget, FY 2023 Continuing Resolution (CR) Appropriations Issues, September 2, 2022. 61 Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, Attachment 1. COVID-19 Pandemic and Other Public Health Needs, p. 4, at https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/FY-2023-Supplemental-funding-request-for-COVID-19-and-Ukraine.pdf. Congressional Research Service 16 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations FY2021 FY2022 FY2023 FY2023 FY2023 GHP Subaccount Enacted Enacted Request House Enacted Vulnerable Children 25.0 27.5 25.0 30.0 30.0 FP/RH 524.0 524.0 572.0 760.0 524.0 Other Public Health Threats .0
~~Other Public~~

10.0 10.0
~~Health Threats~~
~~NTDs~~8.0 Neglected Tropical Diseases
102.5 102.5
107.5 107.5
114.5 114.5
~~6.51%~~
~~112.5~~
~~GHS~~112.5 114.5 Global Health Security
190.0 190.0
700.0 700.0
755.0 755.0
~~7.96%~~
~~1,000~~1,000.0 900.0 .0
Total, USAID- Total, USAID-
GHP 3,266.0 ~~3,265.5~~
3,880. 3,880.50
3,956.0 3,956.0
~~1.96%~~
4,581.5 4,581.5
~~GHP~~4,166.0 Emergency GHP 4,000.0 1,595.0 Total, GHP 13,196.0 9,830.0 12,171.0 10,976.5 10,561.0 Mandatory GHP (non-add) 6,500.0 Sources: FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; September and November 2022 supplemental requests; P.L. 116-260; P.L. 117-103; H.R. 8282; P.L. 117-328; Joint Explanatory Statement accompanying P.L. 117-328
~~Emergency GHP~~
~~4,000.0~~

~~46 FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification, p. 146.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

15

~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

~~FY2023~~
~~Request as %~~
~~GHP~~
~~FY2021~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Change from~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Subaccount~~
~~Enacted~~
~~Enacted~~
~~Request~~
~~FY2022 Total~~
~~House~~
~~Total, GHP~~
~~13,195.5~~
~~9,830.0~~
~~10,576.0~~
~~7.59%~~
~~10,976.5~~
~~Mandatory GHP~~

~~6,500.0~~

~~(non-add)~~
~~Sources:~~ ~~FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; P.L. 116-260; P.L. 117-103; H.R. 8282~~. .
Notes: FY2021 emergency supplemental funding to combat COVID-19 abroad was enacted in Title IX of P.L. FY2021 emergency supplemental funding to combat COVID-19 abroad was enacted in Title IX of P.L.
116-260, but subaccount allocations were not specified. Table does not include funding for global health from 116-260, but subaccount allocations were not specified. Table does not include funding for global health from
other appropriations vehicles (e.g., CDC funding for global health activities appropriated through Labor-HHS). other appropriations vehicles (e.g., CDC funding for global health activities appropriated through Labor-HHS).
~~MCH = Maternal and Child Health;~~ FP/RH = Family Planning and Reproductive HealthFP/RH = Family Planning and Reproductive Health~~; NTDs = Neglected~~
~~Tropical Diseases; GHS = Global Health Security~~. “Mandatory” GHP refers to a request from the Administration . “Mandatory” GHP refers to a request from the Administration
to make available $6.5 bil ion for the Department of State and USAID over five years “to make transformative to make available $6.5 bil ion for the Department of State and USAID over five years “to make transformative
investments in global health security and pandemic and other biological threats preparedness.” investments in global health security and pandemic and other biological threats preparedness.”
House Legislation. The House SFOPS bill for FY2023 would The House SFOPS bill for FY2023 would ~~provide~~have provided a total of $10. a total of $10.~~976~~ 977 billion billion
for Global Health Programs, an increase of 3.8% over the President’s request. The measure would for Global Health Programs, an increase of 3.8% over the President’s request. The measure would
~~provide~~have provided more than the President requested for most global health subaccounts, with the exception more than the President requested for most global health subaccounts, with the exception
of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), which would of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), which would ~~receive~~have received $2 million less than the budget $2 million less than the budget
request. When compared to the FY2022 enacted level, the bill request. When compared to the FY2022 enacted level, the bill ~~represents~~represented an increase of 11.7% an increase of 11.7%
~~and provides~~and provided level or increased funding for all subaccounts. While the House bill level or increased funding for all subaccounts. While the House bill ~~does~~did not not
mention the Administration’s request for mandatory spending, the report accompanying the bill mention the Administration’s request for mandatory spending, the report accompanying the bill
~~expresses~~expressed the Committee’s support for CEPI and the Committee’s support for CEPI and the World Health Organization’s ACT-Accelerator World Health Organization’s ACT-Accelerator
~~and urges~~and urged USAID “to integrate global health security programming with other health USAID “to integrate global health security programming with other health
programming at the country level.”programming at the country level.”4762 Additionally, the Committee Additionally, the Committee ~~notes~~noted that while it did not that while it did not
establish a Health Resilience Fund as the Administration requested, it would provide the establish a Health Resilience Fund as the Administration requested, it would provide the
requested $10.0 million under the “Other Public Health Threats” requested $10.0 million under the “Other Public Health Threats” subaccount. Consolidated Appropriation. P.L. 117-328 provided a total of $10.561 billion for Global Health Programs, representing a 0.1% decrease from the President’s base request and a 13.2% decrease from the total request. The act provided level or more funding than the President’s base request for most global health subaccounts, with the exception of Family Planning/Reproductive Health (-8.4%) and Global Health Security (-10.4%). When compared with the FY2022 enacted level, total GHP funding represented a 7.4% increase with level or increased funding for each global health subaccount. 62 H.Rept. 117-401. Congressional Research Service 17 link to page 24 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations Global ~~subaccount.~~
Humanitarian ~~Assistance48~~
~~The U.S. government consistently provides~~Assistance63 The projected numbers of people displaced or requiring humanitarian assistance and protection globally in 2023 are the highest on record, and experts say the numbers are likely to increase.64 The U.S. government has consistently provided about one-third of total global humanitarian about one-third of total global humanitarian
assistance to support those affected by conflict and natural disasters. Such assistance is generally assistance to support those affected by conflict and natural disasters. Such assistance is generally
appropriated through global humanitarian accounts administered by appropriated through global humanitarian accounts administered by ~~the State Department and~~
~~USAID~~USAID and the State Department, including the , including the ~~Migration and Refugee~~International Disaster Assistance ( Assistance (~~MRA), Emergency Refugee and~~
~~Migration~~ IDA), Migration and Refugee Assistance (Assistance (~~ERMA), and International Disaster Assistance (IDA~~MRA), and Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance (ERMA) accounts in the ) accounts in the
SFOPS appropriation, and the Food for Peace, Title II account (FFP) in the Agriculture SFOPS appropriation, and the Food for Peace, Title II account (FFP) in the Agriculture
appropriation. appropriation.
The The ~~projected numbers of those displaced or requiring humanitarian assistance in 2022 are the~~
~~highest on record, and are expected to increase again with new emergencies like Ukraine.49 The~~
~~Biden Administration’s FY2023~~ Biden Administration’s FY2023 base budget request budget request ~~calls~~called for $10.45 billion in humanitarian assistance for $10.45 billion in humanitarian assistance
to support displaced and vulnerable persons and to invest in migration management, including to support displaced and vulnerable persons and to invest in migration management, including
$4.70 billion for IDA, $3.91 billion for MRA, $$4.70 billion for IDA, $3.91 billion for MRA, $~~1.74 billion for FFP, and $100 million for ERMA.~~
~~The request is~~100 million for ERMA, and $1.74 billion for FFP. The FY2023 budget request was about 4% above the Administration’s FY2022 about 4% above the Administration’s FY2022 ~~budget~~ request of $10.1 billionrequest of $10.1 billion~~, and~~

~~47 H.Rept. 117-401.~~
~~48 Prepared by Rhoda Margesson, CRS Specialist in International Humanitarian Policy.~~
~~49 The U.N. 2022 global humanitarian appeal for $41.00 billion is the highest ever and almost double the level from~~
~~five years ago. U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Global Humanitarian Overview 2022,~~
~~December 2, 2021. U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees, Global Trends Report, June 2022.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

16

~~link to page 21 link to page 7 link to page 22~~

~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

~~nearly 50% less than the total FY2022 enacted funding level. It is common for the humanitarian~~
~~assistance request to be lower than prior year enacted funding, and also common for appropriators~~
~~to provide significantly more funding than is requested, often through emergency supplemental~~
~~appropriations. Base humanitarian funding enacted in FY2021 and FY2022 totaled $9.57 billion~~
~~and $8.56 billion, respectively; the total for each year increased with supplemental funding~~
~~(primarily in response to the Afghanistan and Ukraine crises) to $11.47 billion in FY2021 and~~
~~$20.46 billion in FY2022 (Figure 3 and Table 2)~~. and just over 18% above the base funding ($8.56 billion) enacted for humanitarian assistance accounts in FY2022. In November 2022, the Biden Administration submitted to Congress a request for emergency supplemental funding for the ongoing response to the war in Ukraine, including a total of $500 million for humanitarian accounts—$250 million each for IDA and MRA—bringing the total FY2023 request to $10.95 billion.65 Enacted emergency supplemental funding (primarily in response to the Afghanistan and Ukraine crises) increased humanitarian funding in FY2021 from $9.57 billion (base) to $11.5 billion and in FY2022 from $8.56 billion (base) to $20.46 billion (Figure 3). 63 Prepared by Rhoda Margesson, CRS Specialist in International Humanitarian Policy. 64 The U.N. 2023 global humanitarian appeal for $51.5 billion is the highest ever and nearly two and a half times the $22.5 billion appeal from five years ago. U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Global Humanitarian Overview 2023, December 1, 2022. See also U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Global Trends Report, June 2022 and UNHCR, Mid-Year Trends 2022, October 27, 2022. 65 Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, Attachment 2. Ukraine Assistance Needs at https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/FY-2023-Supplemental-funding-request-for-COVID-19-and-Ukraine.pdf. Congressional Research Service 18 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations
Figure 3. Humanitarian Assistance by Account, FY2021-FY2023
(In billions of U.S. dollars) (In billions of U.S. dollars)

Sources: CRS using data from the FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget JustificationCRS using data from the FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification,; P.L. 117-43 P.L. 117-43,; P.L. 117-70 P.L. 117-70,;
P.L. 117-103P.L. 117-103,; P.L. 117-128 P.L. 117-128~~, and~~; H.R. 8282 H.R. 8282; P.L. 117-328. .
Notes: IDA = International Disaster Assistance; MRA = Migration and Refugee Assistance; ERMA = Emergency IDA = International Disaster Assistance; MRA = Migration and Refugee Assistance; ERMA = Emergency
Refugee and Migration Assistance; FFP = Food for Peace Act, Title II. Refugee and Migration Assistance; FFP = Food for Peace Act, Title II.
House Legislation. The House SFOPS bill for FY2023 would . The House SFOPS bill for FY2023 would ~~provide a total of~~have provided $8.1 billion for $8.1 billion for
global humanitarian assistance through the IDA, MRA, and ERMA accountsglobal humanitarian assistance through the IDA, MRA, and ERMA accounts ~~(and excluding FFP,~~
. Together with FFP (which is funded through the agriculture which is funded through the agriculture ~~appropriation50). For these three SFOPS accounts, this is~~
~~roughly 8~~appropriation), the amount would have been $9.9 billion,66 which was roughly 6% less than the Administration’s FY2023 % less than the Administration’s FY2023 base request and about request and about 1614% above the base % above the base
humanitarian funding enacted in FY2022humanitarian funding enacted in FY2022 ~~without emergency supplemental measures. The~~ . The SFOPS report report
accompanying the bill accompanying the bill ~~highlights~~highlighted several issues related to children in humanitarian emergencies, several issues related to children in humanitarian emergencies,
including child malnutrition, protection, and education. Under IDA, it also including child malnutrition, protection, and education. Under IDA, it also ~~stresses~~stressed the potential the potential
use of use of ~~air drops,~~ airdrops, support for programs addressing gender-based violence, the role of local and support for programs addressing gender-based violence, the role of local and
national NGOs in the humanitarian response, and the continued use of the Emergency Food national NGOs in the humanitarian response, and the continued use of the Emergency Food
Security Program. Security Program. ~~Under~~ For MRA, the Committee MRA, the Committee ~~notes~~noted its support, but not specific funding its support, but not specific funding
allocations, for aid to specific populations, including vulnerable migrants in Mexico; Rohingya, allocations, for aid to specific populations, including vulnerable migrants in Mexico; Rohingya,
Tibetan, and Uyghur refugees; and Venezuelan migrants and refugees. Tibetan, and Uyghur refugees; and Venezuelan migrants and refugees.
~~Security Assistance~~
~~For FY2023, the Administration requested a total of $9.0 billion for security assistance accounts,~~
~~representing a 1.1% increase from FY2022 enacted base funding and a 36.1% decrease from~~
~~FY2022 total funding (Figure 4). The FY2022 enacted total included $5.2 billion in emergency~~
~~funding for security assistance for Ukraine and allies in the region, of which $4.65 billion was for~~
~~Foreign Military Financing (FMF), $430 million was for International Narcotics Control and Law~~

~~50 The House Agriculture Bill for FY2023, H.R. 8239, provides $1.8 billion for FFP.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

17

~~link to page 23~~Consolidated Appropriation. P.L. 117-328 provided $11.09 billion for global humanitarian assistance, representing a 5.5% increase over the President’s FY2023 base request and a less than 1% increase over the Administration’s total request with emergency supplemental funding measures included. The act provided base funding of $8.66 billion (similar to base funding levels enacted in FY2022) with amounts about level or less than the President’s base FY2023 request, including $3.90 billion for IDA, $2.91 billion for MRA, $100,000 for ERMA, and $1.75 billion for FFP. The act also provided $2.52 billion in supplemental funding (Division M of the law), including $937.9 million for IDA, $1.54 billion for MRA, and $50 million for FFP, with specific allocations for the Ukraine humanitarian response and for countries affected by the Ukraine conflict. For total global humanitarian assistance funding, including supplemental funds, the FY2023 enacted levels represented a 45.9% decrease compared to enacted levels in FY2022. 66 The House Agriculture Bill for FY2023, H.R. 8239, provided $1.8 billion for FFP. Congressional Research Service 19 link to page 25 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations Security Assistance Security assistance accounts fund a range of activities, including supplying weapon systems to allies, supporting partners in counternarcotics efforts, and providing human rights training to foreign military personnel, among other things. For FY2023, the Administration requested a base of $9.0 billion for security assistance accounts, representing a 1.1% increase from FY2022 enacted base funding. In November 2022, the Administration requested a further $905 million in supplemental emergency funding in response to the war in Ukraine. Including those funds, the total FY2023 security assistance request was $9.90 billion, which represented a 29.7% decrease from the total FY2022 enacted level (Figure 4). The FY2022 enacted total included $5.2 billion in emergency funding for security assistance for Ukraine and allies in the region, of which $4.65 billion was for Foreign Military Financing (FMF), $430 million was for International Narcotics Control and Law

~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

Enforcement (INCLE), and $100 million was for Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining and Enforcement (INCLE), and $100 million was for Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining and
Related Programs (NADR). The largest proposed increase for Related Programs (NADR). The largest proposed increase for base security assistance in FY2023 was for INCLE, which FY2023 was for INCLE, which
would have seen a 5.4% increase from FY2022 enacted base fundingwould have seen a 5.4% increase from FY2022 enacted base funding ~~but a 19.5% decrease from~~
~~total FY2022 enacted funding~~. The Administration asserted that the proposed funds would . The Administration asserted that the proposed funds would
support global programming that would “reflect a heightened emphasis on advancing U.S. support global programming that would “reflect a heightened emphasis on advancing U.S.
objectives on anticorruption and [would] consolidate important investments in combating objectives on anticorruption and [would] consolidate important investments in combating
transnational organized crime (TOC) and other national security threats by addressing the opioid transnational organized crime (TOC) and other national security threats by addressing the opioid
crisis, financial crimes, cybercrime, wildlife trafficking, and police peacekeeping.”crisis, financial crimes, cybercrime, wildlife trafficking, and police peacekeeping.”5167
Figure 4. Security Assistance by Account, FY2021-FY2023
(In billions of current U.S. dollars) (In billions of current U.S. dollars)

Sources: CRS using data from the FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-128; CRS using data from the FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-128;
~~and~~ H.R. 8282H.R. 8282; P.L. 117-328. .
Notes: NADR = Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining and Related Programs; PKO = Peacekeeping NADR = Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining and Related Programs; PKO = Peacekeeping
Operations; IMET = International Military Education and Training; FMF = Foreign Military Financing; INCLE = Operations; IMET = International Military Education and Training; FMF = Foreign Military Financing; INCLE =
International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement. International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement.
67 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 118. Congressional Research Service 20 link to page 26 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations House Legislation. The House SFOPS bill for FY2023 would The House SFOPS bill for FY2023 would ~~provide~~have provided a total of $9.0 billion for a total of $9.0 billion for
security assistance accounts, essentially level with the President’s security assistance accounts, essentially level with the President’s base request for FY2023 and request for FY2023 and
slightly higher than FY2022 enacted base funding.slightly higher than FY2022 enacted base funding. ~~When compared to total enacted levels for~~
~~FY2022, though, the House measure represents a decrease of 36.1%~~ Consolidated Appropriation. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, included a total of $9.50 billion for security assistance accounts. Of those funds, $8.94 was for base funding and $560 million was for supplemental funding to respond to the war in Ukraine. The base appropriation was 0.4% higher than the enacted FY2022 base and 0.7% lower than the President’s base request. The total appropriation for security assistance in FY2023 represented a 32.5% decrease from FY2022 total enacted levels and a 4.1% decrease from the President’s total request. .
Development Assistance, Export Promotion, and Related Assistance
Approximately one Approximately one -third of the FY2023 foreign operations request was for non-health third of the FY2023 foreign operations request was for non-health
development sectors (e.g., education, food security, and the environment), independent agencies development sectors (e.g., education, food security, and the environment), independent agencies
(e.g., the Peace Corps and Millennium Challenge Corporation), multilateral assistance, and export (e.g., the Peace Corps and Millennium Challenge Corporation), multilateral assistance, and export
promotion and development finance agencies. promotion and development finance agencies.
Non-~~Health~~health Development Sectors
As in prior years, the Administration’s request for FY2023 did not specify dollar amounts for As in prior years, the Administration’s request for FY2023 did not specify dollar amounts for
many non-health development sectors but offered detail on program priorities within certain many non-health development sectors but offered detail on program priorities within certain
sectors. (For FY2021 and FY2022 enacted levels for select development sectors, seesectors. (For FY2021 and FY2022 enacted levels for select development sectors, see Table 87). .
Consistent with the Administration’s broader foreign operations priorities, focus areas within the Consistent with the Administration’s broader foreign operations priorities, focus areas within the

~~51 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 118.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

18

~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

non-health development sectors for FY2023 included climate mitigation and adaptation, non-health development sectors for FY2023 included climate mitigation and adaptation,
addressing root causes of migration, defending democratic institutions, promoting education and addressing root causes of migration, defending democratic institutions, promoting education and
food security, and spurring economic growth, particularly in countries that experienced severe food security, and spurring economic growth, particularly in countries that experienced severe
economic downturns as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. economic downturns as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Table 87. Select Development Sectors, FY2021-~~FY2022~~FY2023
(In millions of current U.S. dollars) (In millions of current U.S. dollars)
~~Sector~~
~~FY2021 Enacted~~
~~FY2022 Enacted~~
~~FY2023 House~~FY2021 FY2022 FY2023 House FY2023 Sector Enacted Enacted Enacted
Democracy Programs (excluding Democracy Programs (excluding ~~NED)~~
2,417.00 2,417.00
2,600.00 2,600.00
2,800.00 2,800.00
2,900.00 NED) Education (basic and higher) Education (basic and higher)
1,235.00 1,235.00
1,200.00 1,200.00
1,235 1,235.00 1,262.00 .00
Cooperative Development Cooperative Development ~~Programs~~
18.50 18.50
18.50 18.50
20.00 20.00
18.50 Programs American Schools and Hospitals American Schools and Hospitals ~~Abroad~~
30.00 30.00
31.50 31.50
33.00 33.00
31.50 Abroad (ASHA) (ASHA)
Food Security Food Security
1,010.60 1,010.60
1,010.60 1,010.60
1,200.00 1,200.00
1,010.60 Environment Environment
986.66 986.66
1,295.00 1,295.00
1,860.00 1,860.00
1,295.00 Water and Sanitation Water and Sanitation
450.00 450.00
475.00 475.00
500.00 500.00
~~Gender~~475.00 Gender Equality and Women’s
560.00 560.00
560.00 560.00
650.00 650.00
650.00 Empowerment Trafficking in Persons Trafficking in Persons
99.00 99.00
106.40 106.40
112.20 112.20
116.40 Reconciliation Programs Reconciliation Programs
25.00 25.00
25.00 25.00
30.00 30.00
25.00 Micro and Small Enterprise Micro and Small Enterprise
265.00 265.00
265.00 265.00
265 265.00 265.00 .00
Sources: P.L. 116-260; P.L. 117-103; H.R. 8282P.L. 116-260; P.L. 117-103; H.R. 8282; P.L. 117-328.
Note: NED = National Endowment for Democracy. NED = National Endowment for Democracy.
Congressional Research Service 21 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations House Legislation. The House bill for FY2023 would The House bill for FY2023 would ~~provide~~have provided increases for all selected non- increases for all selected non-
health development sectors when compared to FY2022 enacted levels. The largest increases health development sectors when compared to FY2022 enacted levels. The largest increases ~~are~~
were provided for the provided for the ~~Environment (+43.6%), Reconciliation Programs (+20%), Food Security~~
~~(+18.7%), and Gender (+16.1%) sectors.~~
environment (+43.6%), reconciliation programs (+20.0%), food security (+18.7%), and gender equality (+16.1%) sectors. Consolidated Appropriation. P.L. 117-328 provided level or increased funding for all non-health development sectors when compared with FY2022 enacted levels. Increases were provided for the gender equality and women’s empowerment (+16.1%), democracy programs (+11.5%), trafficking in persons (+9.4%), and education (+5.2%) sectors. Independent Agencies
The Biden Administration’s budget proposal for FY2023 included $1.43 billion for independent The Biden Administration’s budget proposal for FY2023 included $1.43 billion for independent
agencies, a 1.9% increase from FY2022 enacted levels. Both the Peace Corps and Millennium agencies, a 1.9% increase from FY2022 enacted levels. Both the Peace Corps and Millennium
Challenge Corporation would have seen funding increases under the request (+4.9% and +2.0%, Challenge Corporation would have seen funding increases under the request (+4.9% and +2.0%,
respectively) when compared to FY2022 enacted levels, and the Inter-American Foundation respectively) when compared to FY2022 enacted levels, and the Inter-American Foundation
(IAF) and U.S. African Development Foundation (USADF) would have seen funding decreases (-(IAF) and U.S. African Development Foundation (USADF) would have seen funding decreases (-
9.5% and -17.5%, respectively).9.5% and -17.5%, respectively).5268
House Legislation. The House bill for FY2023 would The House bill for FY2023 would ~~provide~~have provided a total of $1.44 billion for a total of $1.44 billion for
independent agencies, independent agencies, ~~which is~~ nearly level with the President’s request. The bill nearly level with the President’s request. The bill ~~includes~~included level level
funding for the Peace Corps as compared to the request, a moderate decrease for MCC (-1.6%), funding for the Peace Corps as compared to the request, a moderate decrease for MCC (-1.6%),
and significant increases for IAF (+23.7%) and USADF (+36.4%). When compared to the and significant increases for IAF (+23.7%) and USADF (+36.4%). When compared to the
FY2022 enacted level, the House’s FY2023 bill would FY2022 enacted level, the House’s FY2023 bill would ~~provide~~have provided an overall increase of 2.4% for independent agencies with IAF and USADF again receiving the greatest funding increases (+11.9% and +12.5%, respectively). Consolidated Appropriation. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, included a total of $1.45 billion for independent agencies, a modest increase from both the President’s request (+1.5%) and the FY2022 enacted level (+3.4%). Both Peace Corps and MCC received level funding when compared with FY2022 enacted levels and IAF and USADF received increases of 11.9% and 12.5%, respectively ~~an overall increase of 2.4% for~~

~~52 For more on the Peace Corps, see CRS Report RS21168, The Peace Corps: Overview and Issues, by Nick M. Brown.~~
~~For more on the Millennium Challenge Corporation, see CRS Report RL32427,~~ ~~Millennium Challenge Corporation:~~
~~Overview and Issues, by Nick M. Brown.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

19

~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

~~independent agencies with IAF and USADF again receiving the greatest funding increases~~
~~(+11.9% and +12.5%, respectively)~~. .
Multilateral Assistance
The Administration proposed a near doubling of funding for multilateral assistance for FY2023 The Administration proposed a near doubling of funding for multilateral assistance for FY2023
when compared to FY2022 base enacted levels and a 56.3% increase when compared to total when compared to FY2022 base enacted levels and a 56.3% increase when compared to total
FY2022 enacted levels. The FY2022 enacted total included a total of $650 million in emergency FY2022 enacted levels. The FY2022 enacted total included a total of $650 million in emergency
supplemental funds provided in the AUSAA (P.L. 117-128): $500 million for the European Bank supplemental funds provided in the AUSAA (P.L. 117-128): $500 million for the European Bank
for Reconstruction and Development and $150 million for the Global Agriculture and Food for Reconstruction and Development and $150 million for the Global Agriculture and Food
Security Program. The Administration’s proposed increase in multilateral funding for FY2023 Security Program. The Administration’s proposed increase in multilateral funding for FY2023
was largely a result of requested investments in the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and Climate was largely a result of requested investments in the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and Climate
Investment Funds, which the Administration contended would “accelerate progress toward Investment Funds, which the Administration contended would “accelerate progress toward
meeting the goals of the Paris Agreement by assisting developing countries in reducing meeting the goals of the Paris Agreement by assisting developing countries in reducing
greenhouse gas emissions, adapting to climate change and building resilience, and investing in greenhouse gas emissions, adapting to climate change and building resilience, and investing in
sustainable infrastructure.”sustainable infrastructure.”5369 The Administration had proposed funding for both the GCF and 68 For more on the Peace Corps, see CRS Report RS21168, The Peace Corps: Overview and Issues, by Nick M. Brown. For more on the Millennium Challenge Corporation, see CRS Report RL32427, Millennium Challenge Corporation: Overview and Issues, by Nick M. Brown. 69 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 135. Congressional Research Service 22 link to page 29 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations ~~The Administration had proposed funding for both the GCF and~~
Climate Investment Funds for FY2022; both the House-passed and Senate drafted SFOPS bills Climate Investment Funds for FY2022; both the House-passed and Senate drafted SFOPS bills
for FY2022 included funds for the GCF ($1.60 billion and $1.45 billion, respectively), however for FY2022 included funds for the GCF ($1.60 billion and $1.45 billion, respectively), however
the FY2022 consolidated appropriation did not include any funding for GCF or the proposed the FY2022 consolidated appropriation did not include any funding for GCF or the proposed
Climate Investment Funds.Climate Investment Funds.5470
The request included other substantial changes to multilateral assistance accounts when compared The request included other substantial changes to multilateral assistance accounts when compared
to FY2022 enacted levels. These included a significant increase to the International Development to FY2022 enacted levels. These included a significant increase to the International Development
Association (+42.8%); significant decreases to the Asian Development Fund (-18.2%), African Association (+42.8%); significant decreases to the Asian Development Fund (-18.2%), African
Development Fund (-18.9%), and the International Monetary Fund (-80.4%); and a zeroing out of Development Fund (-18.9%), and the International Monetary Fund (-80.4%); and a zeroing out of
the Global Agriculture and Food Securitythe Global Agriculture and Food Security Program. .
House Legislation. The House bill for FY2023 The House bill for FY2023 ~~includes~~included a total of $4.67 billion for multilateral a total of $4.67 billion for multilateral
assistance accounts, a 1.2% decrease from the President’s request. The decrease assistance accounts, a 1.2% decrease from the President’s request. The decrease iswas largely due to largely due to
the House bill not accepting the President’s proposed contributions to Climate Investment Funds; the House bill not accepting the President’s proposed contributions to Climate Investment Funds;
all other multilateral accounts all other multilateral accounts ~~are~~were funded at the President’s request, with the exception of funded at the President’s request, with the exception of
International Organizations and Programs, which would International Organizations and Programs, which would ~~see~~have seen a 29.5% increase. When compared to a 29.5% increase. When compared to
FY2022 total enacted funding for multilateral assistance, the House measure FY2022 total enacted funding for multilateral assistance, the House measure ~~provides~~provided a 54.5% a 54.5%
increase with the most significant increases to the Clean Technology Fund (+180.0%), the increase with the most significant increases to the Clean Technology Fund (+180.0%), the
International Development Association (+42.8%), and International Organizations and Programs International Development Association (+42.8%), and International Organizations and Programs
~~(+40.0%).~~
(+40.0%). Consolidated Appropriation. P.L. 117-328 included $2.76 billion for multilateral assistance accounts, a 41.5% decrease from the Administration’s proposal. This was largely due to Congress not accepting the President’s request for contributions to the Green Climate Fund and Climate Investment Funds. When compared with base enacted funds for FY2022, the FY2023 enacted level was a 16.4% increase with subaccount increases for the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program (+100.0%), International Development Association (+42.%), and International Organizations and Programs (+20.2%). When compared with the total enacted funds for FY2022, however, the FY2023 enacted level represented an 8.4% decrease, largely due to decreases in funding for the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program and European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, both of which had received supplemental funding in FY2022 to address the war in Ukraine. Regional Assistance
As with prior year budget requests, the Administration did not propose regional funding As with prior year budget requests, the Administration did not propose regional funding
allocations that captured all appropriations accounts. For example, funding for humanitarian allocations that captured all appropriations accounts. For example, funding for humanitarian
assistance was proposed for what are referred to as “global” accounts, wherein funding would be assistance was proposed for what are referred to as “global” accounts, wherein funding would be
allocated throughout the fiscal year based on assessed needs and U.S. humanitarian priorities. allocated throughout the fiscal year based on assessed needs and U.S. humanitarian priorities.
The Administration The Administration~~, however, did propose~~ proposed regional funding for certain accounts. These included regional funding for certain accounts. These included
GHP; DA; ESF; Assistance to Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia (AEECA); and all five security GHP; DA; ESF; Assistance to Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia (AEECA); and all five security
assistance accounts. Compared to FY2021 actuals (including emergency funding), for FY2023, assistance accounts. Compared to FY2021 actuals (including emergency funding), for FY2023,

~~53 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 135.~~
~~54 House-passed SFOPS was H.R. 4373, Senate-drafted SFOPS was S. 3075, and the Consolidated Appropriations Act,~~
~~2022 was P.L. 117-103. The Joint Explanatory Statement accompanying P.L. 117-103 did not include details on the~~
~~decision not to fund GCF for FY2022.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

20

~~link to page 25~~

~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

~~the~~ the Administration proposed the largest increase in funding for the Western Hemisphere (Administration proposed the largest increase in funding for the Western Hemisphere (+58.4%), 58.4%),
followed by Europe and Eurasia, South and Central Asia, and East Asia and the Pacific; the followed by Europe and Eurasia, South and Central Asia, and East Asia and the Pacific; the
proposal reduces funding from FY2022 levels for both sub-Saharan Africa and the Near East proposal reduces funding from FY2022 levels for both sub-Saharan Africa and the Near East
(Figure 5). The Administration also set out priorities for certain regions, including addressing the . The Administration also set out priorities for certain regions, including addressing the
root causes of migration and bolstering civil society and governance in Central America; root causes of migration and bolstering civil society and governance in Central America;
70 House-passed SFOPS was H.R. 4373, Senate-drafted SFOPS was S. 3075, and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 was P.L. 117-103. The Joint Explanatory Statement accompanying P.L. 117-103 did not include details on the decision not to fund GCF for FY2022. Congressional Research Service 23 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations countering Russia’s malign influence and supporting Ukraine and other regional allies in Europe countering Russia’s malign influence and supporting Ukraine and other regional allies in Europe
and Eurasia; and advancing the Indo-Pacific strategy. and Eurasia; and advancing the Indo-Pacific strategy.
Figure 5. Regional Assistance, FY2021 Actual vs. FY2023 Request
(In billions of current U.S. dollars) (In billions of current U.S. dollars)

Source: CRS using FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification. CRS using FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification.
Notes: FY2021 is the most recent year for which “actual” data are available. FY2021 Actual includes emergency FY2021 is the most recent year for which “actual” data are available. FY2021 Actual includes emergency
funding. funding.
House Legislation. The House legislation and accompanying report The House legislation and accompanying report dodid not provide not provide
comprehensive regional allocations, but comprehensive regional allocations, but dodid specify assistance levels for several countries and specify assistance levels for several countries and
regions. The legislation regions. The legislation ~~directs~~directed that $3.3 billion be made available for Israel, $1.7 billion for the that $3.3 billion be made available for Israel, $1.7 billion for the
implementation of the Indo-Pacific Strategy, $1.4 billion for Egypt, $487.4 million for Colombia, implementation of the Indo-Pacific Strategy, $1.4 billion for Egypt, $487.4 million for Colombia,
and $132.0 million for Georgia. Notably, the House bill and $132.0 million for Georgia. Notably, the House bill ~~does~~did not include a designated funding not include a designated funding
level for Ukraine as existed in previous fiscal years.level for Ukraine as existed in previous fiscal years. Consolidated Appropriation. P.L. 117-328 did not include comprehensive country- and region-specific allocations. As in prior year appropriations, though, the measure included directives for some countries and regions. For example, the law specified that not less than $3.3 billion shall be made available for Israel, not less than $1.8 billion for the Indo-Pacific Strategy, and not less than $1.4 billion for Egypt, among other designations. As noted above, Division M of the bill also provided supplemental appropriations related to the war in Ukraine, including $16.4 billion in foreign operations accounts. These funds largely were not allocated by country or region but are likely to increase aid to Europe and Eurasia significantly in FY2023.
General Provisions
The SFOPS General Provisions (generally Title VII of the bill) set policy; direct, condition, and The SFOPS General Provisions (generally Title VII of the bill) set policy; direct, condition, and
restrict appropriated funding; and outline notification and reporting requirements among other restrict appropriated funding; and outline notification and reporting requirements among other
functions. As many functions. As many programs and activities supported by SFOPS appropriations SFOPS appropriations ~~accounts~~ do not receive regular reauthorization, do not receive regular reauthorization,
legislative language related to policy priorities is often found in the General Provisions title. legislative language related to policy priorities is often found in the General Provisions title.
While some sections remain unchanged from year to year, others are dynamic, indicating While some sections remain unchanged from year to year, others are dynamic, indicating
Members’ use of the General Provisions—and the SFOPS appropriations measure more Members’ use of the General Provisions—and the SFOPS appropriations measure more
broadly—to address current and emerging global issues. broadly—to address current and emerging global issues.
Congressional Research Service 24 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations For FY2023, the Administration requested legislative language in a number of areas to address its For FY2023, the Administration requested legislative language in a number of areas to address its
policy priorities. Selected examples of such requests included the following: policy priorities. Selected examples of such requests included the following:
  Consular and Border Security Programs. The Biden Administration requested The Biden Administration requested
General Provisions pertaining to consular fees the State Department collects and General Provisions pertaining to consular fees the State Department collects and
~~Congressional Research Service~~

21

~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

deposits into the Consular and Border Security programs account to fund deposits into the Consular and Border Security programs account to fund
consular services.consular services.5571 One proposal would have authorized the State Department to One proposal would have authorized the State Department to
adjust machine-readable visa fees to account for the costs it incurs for consular adjust machine-readable visa fees to account for the costs it incurs for consular
services for which there is currently no fee or surcharge collected, or for which services for which there is currently no fee or surcharge collected, or for which
the State Department is required to remit the applicable fee or surcharge to the the State Department is required to remit the applicable fee or surcharge to the
Treasury. The State Department requested an additional General Provision that Treasury. The State Department requested an additional General Provision that
would, among other measures, amend the fee collection and expenditure would, among other measures, amend the fee collection and expenditure
authorities for passport and immigrant visa surcharges to encompass a broader authorities for passport and immigrant visa surcharges to encompass a broader
array of consular services.array of consular services.5672
  Global Engagement Center Extension. The authorizing statute for the State The authorizing statute for the State
Department’s Global Engagement Center (GEC), which is responsible for Department’s Global Engagement Center (GEC), which is responsible for
leading inter-agency efforts to recognize, understand, expose, and counter foreign leading inter-agency efforts to recognize, understand, expose, and counter foreign
state and non-state propaganda and disinformation efforts aimed at the United state and non-state propaganda and disinformation efforts aimed at the United
States and its allies and partners, currently provides that the GEC will terminate States and its allies and partners, currently provides that the GEC will terminate
on December 23, 2024.on December 23, 2024.5773 The Biden Administration requested a General The Biden Administration requested a General
Provision that would extend this date to December 31, 2027.Provision that would extend this date to December 31, 2027.5874
  Build Back Better World (B3W) Fund. The Administration requested that The Administration requested that
Congress make available up to $350 million of Title III funds for a new B3W Congress make available up to $350 million of Title III funds for a new B3W
Fund that would provide for “assistance, including through contributions, to Fund that would provide for “assistance, including through contributions, to
address climate, health and health security, digital connectivity, and gender address climate, health and health security, digital connectivity, and gender
equity.”equity.”5975 Such funds would have been in addition to SFOPS funding made Such funds would have been in addition to SFOPS funding made
available for such purposes elsewhere in the bill. available for such purposes elsewhere in the bill.
 House Legislation. The House measure The House measure ~~introduces~~introduced new general provisions and new general provisions and
~~makes adjustments to a~~ adjusted a number of general provisions from prior year number of general provisions from prior year
appropriations bills. Selected examples appropriations bills. Selected examples ~~include~~ included renaming funds previously renaming funds previously
appropriated for “Women’s Leadership” as the “Madeleine Albright Women’s appropriated for “Women’s Leadership” as the “Madeleine Albright Women’s
Leadership Program”; adjusting standard notification requirements to include Leadership Program”; adjusting standard notification requirements to include
information not previously required; and requiring new or updated reporting on information not previously required; and requiring new or updated reporting on
topics such as activities related to democracy and gender equality, the topics such as activities related to democracy and gender equality, the
prioritization of funding to marginalized groups, and security assistance prioritization of funding to marginalized groups, and security assistance
coordination. The House measure coordination. The House measure ~~does~~did not accept certain Administration proposals, accept certain Administration proposals,
including the aforementioned consular fee proposals, the requested B3W Fund, including the aforementioned consular fee proposals, the requested B3W Fund,
and the extension of the GEC’s statutory mandate. and the extension of the GEC’s statutory mandate.
~~Outlook~~
~~It is unclear whether the House and Senate may take further action on individual SFOPS bills in~~
~~the coming months. The House may or may not consider H.R. 8282 as a stand-alone measure on~~
~~the House floor prior to the August recess.60 Reportedly, consistent with the past two fiscal years,~~

55Consolidated Appropriation. P.L. 117-328 included a number of the general provision adjustments included in the House legislation, including the renaming of the Madeleine Albright Women’s Leadership Program and certain notification and reporting requirements. The law did 71 The authorization statute for the Consular and Border Security Programs account can be accessed as codified at 8 The authorization statute for the Consular and Border Security Programs account can be accessed as codified at 8
U.S.C. §1715. U.S.C. §1715.
5672 U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Budget Request, slide presentation, pp. 50-51. , slide presentation, pp. 50-51.
5773 See “Global Engagement Center” at 22 U.S.C. §2656 note and U.S. Department of State, “Global Engagement See “Global Engagement Center” at 22 U.S.C. §2656 note and U.S. Department of State, “Global Engagement
Center.” Center.”
5874 U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Budget Request, slide presentation, p. 54. , slide presentation, p. 54.
5975 Office of Management and Budget, Office of Management and Budget, FY2023 Budget Appendix, p. 886p. 886.
~~60 Aidan Quigley and Avery Roe, “House spending bills make headway as lawmakers eye exits,” CQ, July 19, 2022~~. .
Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

2225 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations not accept certain Administration proposals, including the aforementioned consular fee proposals, the requested B3W Fund, and the extension of the GEC’s statutory mandate. Outlook Although Congress enacted full year appropriations for FY2023 in December 2022, appropriations for FY2023 may not be complete. Members may continue to debate the need for additional funding in the remaining months of FY2023. Congress is most likely to debate supplemental appropriations in the context of Russia’s continued war in Ukraine and its global impacts; however, unanticipated crises may also prompt Congress to consider new appropriations legislation for FY2023. Congressional Research Service 26 link to page 37 link to page 37 link to page 37 link to page 37 link to page 37 Appendix A. SFOPS Funding by Account Table A-1. Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations: FY2021-FY2023 (In millions of current U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals designated as OCO or emergency funds) % Change % Change FY2022 FY2023 Total Total Req. Enact. to FY2023 to FY2023 FY2023 FY2021 FY2022 FY2023 FY2023 Senate FY2023 Total Total Actuala Enactedb Requestc House Introducedd Enactede Enact. Enact. Title I. State, Broadcasting & Related 17,233.05 18,038.68 18,632.45 18,016.23 18,243.83 17,541.42 -5.9% -2.8% Agencies TOTAL (4,201.42) (825.20) (55.00) (15.00) (152.55) Administration of Foreign Affairs, Subtotal 12,891.92 13,386.31 13,236.51 13,092.94 13,158.57 13,115.95 -0.9% -2.0% (3,399.19) (800.20) (15.00) (152.55) Diplomatic Programs 8,963.14 9,538.09 9,692.80 9,637.71 9,652.80 9,610.21 -0.9% +0.8% (2,070.00) (359.30) (55.00) (15.00) (147.05) of which Worldwide Security Protection 3,903.60 3,788.20 3,813.71 3,813.71 3,814.82 3,813.71 0.0% +0.7% (2,226.12) Consular and Border Security Programs 300.00 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a (300.00) Capital Investment Fund 250.00 310.00 470.18 350.00 389.00 389.00 -17.3% +25.5% (10.00) Office of Inspector General 145.73 139.46 133.70 133.70 133.70 139.20 +4.1% -0.2% (54.90) (8.00) (5.50) Educational & Cultural Exchanges 740.30 753.00 741.30 773.00 781.54 777.50 +4.9% +3.3% Representation Expenses 7.42 7.42 7.42 7.42 7.42 7.42 0.0% 0.0% Protection of Foreign Missions & Officials 30.89 30.89 30.89 30.89 30.89 30.89 0.0% 0.0% Embassy Security, Construction & Maintenance 1,950.45 2,093.15 1,957.82 1,957.82 1,957.82 1,957.82 0.0% -6.5% (824.29) (110.00) of which Worldwide Security Upgrades 1,181.39 1,132.43 1,055.21 1,055.21 1,055.21 1,055.21 0.0% -6.8% (824.29) Emergencies in the Diplomatic & Consular 157.89 320.79 8.89 8.89 8.89 8.89 0.0% -97.2% Services (312.90) Repatriation Loans Program 2.50 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 0.0% 0.0% CRS-27 link to page 37 link to page 37 link to page 37 link to page 37 link to page 37 % Change % Change FY2022 FY2023 Total Total Req. Enact. to FY2023 to FY2023 FY2023 FY2021 FY2022 FY2023 FY2023 Senate FY2023 Total Total Actuala Enactedb Requestc House Introducedd Enactede Enact. Enact. Payment to the American Institute in Taiwan 31.96 32.58 32.58 32.58 35.58 34.08 +4.6% +4.6% International Chancery Center 2.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.0% 0.0% Sudan Claims 150.00 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a (150.00) Foreign Service Retirement (mandatory) 158.90 158.90 158.90 158.90 158.90 158.90 0.0% 0.0% International Organizations, Subtotal 2,962.14 3,161.54 3,985.47 3,457.24 3,566.44 2,919.92 -26.7% -7.6% (802.23) Contributions to International Organizations 1,505.93 1,662.93 1,658.24 1,659.74 1,604.21 1,438.00 -13.3% -13.5% (96.24) Contributions to International Peacekeeping 1,456.21 1,498.61 2,327.24 1,797.50 1,962.24 1,481.92 -36.3% -1.1% (705.99) International Commissions, Subtotal (Function 176.62 180.85 168.71 182.05 189.89 192.89 +14.3% +6.7% 300) International Boundary/U.S. Mexico 98.77 103.00 101.74 103.00 110.97 110.97 +9.1% +7.7% American Sections 15.01 15.01 13.20 16.20 13.20 16.20 +22.7% +8.0% International Fisheries 62.85 62.85 53.77 62.85 65.72 65.72 +22.2% +4.6% Agency for Global Media, Subtotal 802.96 885.00 840.00 862.00 887.42 884.70 +5.3% 0.0% (25.00) Broadcasting Operations 793.26 875.30 830.30 852.30 877.72 875.00 +5.4% 0.0% (25.00) Capital Improvements 9.70 9.70 9.70 9.70 9.70 9.70 0.0% 0.0% Related Programs, Subtotal 385.12 410.67 387.39 407.47 428.14 414.44 +7.0% +0.9% Asia Foundation 20.00 21.50 20.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 +10.0% +2.3% U.S. Institute of Peace 45.00 54.00 47.25 54.00 55.00 55.00 +16.4% +1.9% Center for Middle East-West Dialogue 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.0% -1.7% Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship 0.09 0.17 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.0% +2.9% Israeli-Arab Scholarship 0.12 0.12 0.09 0.12 0.09 0.09 0.0% -23.5% East-West Center 19.70 19.70 19.70 21.00 25.70 22.00 +11.7% +11.7% National Endowment for Democracy 300.00 315.00 300.00 310.00 325.00 315.00 +5.0% 0.0% CRS-28 link to page 37 link to page 37 link to page 37 link to page 37 link to page 37 % Change % Change FY2022 FY2023 Total Total Req. Enact. to FY2023 to FY2023 FY2023 FY2021 FY2022 FY2023 FY2023 Senate FY2023 Total Total Actuala Enactedb Requestc House Introducedd Enactede Enact. Enact. Other Commissions, Subtotal 14.30 14.30 14.36 14.53 13.37 13.53 -5.8% -5.4% Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad 0.64 0.64 0.66 0.82 0.67 0.82 +25.0% +27.6% International Religious Freedom 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 3.50 3.50 -22.2% -22.2% Security & Cooperation in Europe 2.91 2.91 2.91 2.91 2.91 2.91 0.0% 0.0% Cong.-Exec. on People’s Republic of China 2.25 2.25 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 0.0% +2.2% U.S.-China Economic and Security Review 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 0.0% 0.0% Foreign Operations, TOTAL 54,726.24 69,318.30 71,968.73 47,162.67 52,855.07 64,042.48 -11.0% -7.6% (19,733.58) (28,369.10) (24,545.00) (5,935.00) (20,912.45) Title II. Administration of Foreign Assistance 1,752/45 2,021.15 2,162.95 2,087.35 2,132.08 2,095.95 -3.1% +3.7% (41.00) (47.00) (50.00) (35.00) (13.00) USAID Operating Expenses 1,418.75 1,677.95 1,793.35 1,743.35 1,778.35 1,748.35 -2.5% +4.2% (41.00) (42.00) (50.00) (35.00) (5.00) USAID Capital Investment Fund 258.20 258.20 289.10 263.50 273.23 259.10 -10.4% +0.3% USAID Inspector General 75.50 85.00 80.50 80.50 80.50 88.50 +9.9% +4.1% (5.00) (8.00) Title III. Bilateral Assistance 41,083.95 49,869.54 54,723.24 30,866.19 36,344.81 48,946.60 -10.6% -1.9% (18,210.46) (22,492.10) (23,590.00) (5,900.00) (20,339.45) Global Health Programs 13,195.95 9,830.00 12,171.00 10,976.50 16,334.50 10,560.95 -13.2% +7.4% (4,000.00) (1,595

~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

~~the Senate Appropriations Committee is planning to release draft bills in late July but is not~~
~~planning on marking up the measures.61 Congress aims to complete all 12 appropriations bills by~~
~~the start of FY2023—October 1, 2022. If that deadline is not met, Congress may pursue a~~
~~Continuing Resolution (or multiple CRs) to keep the government funded while it completes~~
~~negotiations.62~~
~~As Congress debates FY2023 SFOPS appropriations, issues that may feature in debates include~~
~~the following:~~
~~ Ukraine. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine affected consideration of FY2022 SFOPS~~
~~appropriations and is expected to remain a subject of debate in the FY2023~~
~~budget cycle. As the fighting in Ukraine continues and the displacement and~~
~~humanitarian crises worsen, Congress may consider further supplemental~~
~~appropriations to provide immediate aid to the region and/or regular~~
~~appropriations in anticipation of longer-term assistance to stabilize and rebuild~~
~~the country after the war’s conclusion.63 Congress has also expressed interest in~~
~~the broader effects of the conflict—for example on global food security—and~~
~~may seek additional foreign assistance resources to address such challenges.~~
~~ COVID-19. Congress may continue to debate how, if at all, to address the global~~
~~COVID-19 response in the FY2023 SFOPS bill. The FY2022 supplemental~~
~~funding request included $4.25 billion for SFOPS accounts to “support the global~~
~~COVID-19 pandemic response.”64 Such funds were proposed to support the U.S.~~
~~Government’s Global VAX initiative, procure and distribute therapeutics and~~
~~other related medical supplies, and provide humanitarian assistance to vulnerable~~
~~populations. The draft FY2022 omnibus included supplemental funds to address~~
~~COVID-19, including $5.00 billion for SFOPS accounts.65 However, prior to the~~
~~bill’s passage, and reportedly in response to a lack of bipartisan support for such~~
~~funds, the COVID-19 funds were removed from the measure.66 At an April 2022,~~
~~event, Deputy Secretary of State Brian McKeon suggested that the~~
~~Administration would continue to advocate for additional funding to address~~
~~COVID-19 abroad.67 If Congress does not enact such funds in a FY2022~~
~~supplemental funding measure, the Administration and some Members of~~
~~Congress may seek to bolster COVID-related funding in FY2023.~~

~~61 Paul M. Krawzak and Aidan Quigley, “Senate panel to skip fiscal 2023 appropriations markups,” CQ, July 12, 2022.~~
~~62 In the absence of a continuing resolution, the government would shut down.~~
~~63 Some have suggested that more needs to be done to invest in Ukraine’s long-term needs. For example, European~~
~~Budget Commissioner Johannes Hahn reportedly announced on April 6th that Ukraine would need an “updated model~~
~~of the Marshall Plan.” “Ukraine needs new Marshall Plan after Russian invasion -EU Commission,” Reuters, April 6,~~
~~2022.~~
~~64 Letter from Shalanda Young, March 2, 2022.~~
~~65 Division M included $15 million for Diplomatic Programs, $35 million for USAID’s Operating Expenses, $4.45~~
~~billion for Global Health Programs, $425 million for International Disaster Assistance, and $75 million for Migration~~
~~and Refugee Assistance.~~
~~66 For example, a March 2, 2022, letter from 36 Senators to President Biden noted that “before [they] would consider~~
~~supporting an additional $30 billion for COVID-19 relief, Congress must receive a full accounting of how the~~
~~government has already spent the first $6 trillion.” Letter from Senators Mitt Romney et al. to President Joseph R.~~
~~Biden, March 2, 2022.~~
~~67 Noted during the question and answer portion of the U.S. Global Leadership Coalition’s April 6, 2022, event titled~~
Modernizing Foreign Aid: Building a State Department for the 21st Century. Event recording available at
~~https://www.usglc.org/events/modernizing-foreign-aid-building-a-state-department-for-the-21st-century/.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

23

~~link to page 25~~ ~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

~~ Consular Operations Resources. The Consular and Border Security Programs~~
~~(CBSP) account funds many of the State Department’s core consular functions,~~
~~including the adjudication of visa and passport applications. While CBSP is~~
~~typically funded through consular fees and surcharges retained by the State~~
~~Department rather than appropriations, fee collections declined considerably~~
~~amid global travel restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic.68~~
~~Throughout the pandemic, Congress has sought to ensure that the State~~
~~Department maintains sufficient resources for consular operations. For example,~~
~~Congress has provided appropriations for the CBSP account, directed the State~~
~~Department to retain greater shares of the consular fees it collects rather than~~
~~remit them to the Treasury, and authorized the State Department to spend fee~~
~~collections on consular services generally rather than services related only to the~~
~~collection of the applicable fee.69 If international travel continues to recover,~~
~~State Department fee collections will increase, which may lead some to consider~~
~~whether Congress should keep new fee-related authorities in place (for examples~~
~~of additional authorities of this kind that the Biden Administration requested for~~
~~FY2023, see the preceding “General Provisions” section). Conversely, should~~
~~COVID-19 cases around the world reach a degree of severity that once again~~
~~significantly impacts international travel, Congress may need to weigh whether it~~
~~should provide additional appropriations and/or flexible fee authorities to sustain~~
~~consular operations.~~
~~ State Department Information Technology Enterprise Modernization. As~~
~~part of the Administration’s “Modernization of American Diplomacy” initiative,~~
~~Secretary of State Antony Blinken is prioritizing enhancing the State~~
~~Department’s information technology (IT) infrastructure.70 The State Department~~
~~has faced several cyberattacks and was among the federal agencies targeted in the~~
~~so-called “SolarWinds” cyber espionage campaign that the U.S. government~~
~~attributed to the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR).71 The State~~
~~Department’s Office of Inspector General has also identified “information~~
~~security and management” among the major management challenges the State~~
~~Department faces in annual reporting going back to at least FY2016. In addition~~
~~to aforementioned funding for cybersecurity requested for the Diplomatic~~
~~Programs account (see above), the Biden Administration is requesting $470.2~~
~~million for the State Department’s Capital Investment Fund (CIF) for IT~~
~~programs, or 57% more than Congress appropriated in FY2022. Stated uses for~~
~~this funding include modernizing the State Department’s IT systems, including~~
~~financial, personnel, and logistics systems; updating critical enterprise software~~
~~licenses; and increasing cloud security.72 The House SFOPS appropriations bill,~~

~~68 To review the statutory authorization for the CBSP account, see Division J, Title VII, Section 7081 of P.L. 115-31.~~
~~69 Congress provided a line item appropriation of $300 million for CBSP in Division K, Title IX of P.L. 116-260.~~
~~Additionally Section 7069(e) of Division K of P.L. 117-103 provided the State Department the authority to deposit~~
~~passport fees currently transferred to the General Fund of the Treasury to the CBSP account. Congress estimated in the~~
~~Joint Explanatory Statement accompanying that law that this measure will provide at least $340 million in additional~~
~~resources for consular operations in FY2022. Congress also extended other provisions intended to provide the State~~
~~Department more flexibility regarding spending consular fees within Section 7069 of that law.~~
~~70 U.S. Department of State, “Secretary Antony J. Blinken on the Modernization of American Diplomacy,” October 27,~~
~~2021.~~
~~71 White House Fact Sheet, “Imposing Costs for Harmful Foreign Activities by the Russian Government,” April 15,~~
~~2021.~~
~~72 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 31.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

24

~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

~~H.R. 8282, includes $350 million for the CIF, which totals 25.6% less than the~~
~~Administration’s request.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

25

~~link to page 36 link to page 36 link to page 36~~
~~Appendix A. SFOPS Funding by Account~~
~~Table A-1. Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations: FY2021-FY2023~~
~~(In millions of current U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals designated as OCO or emergency funds)~~
~~FY2023~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Request as %~~
~~Request as %~~
~~Change~~
~~Change~~
~~from~~
~~FY2023~~
~~FY2021~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
~~from~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Senate~~

~~Actuala~~
~~Enactedb~~
~~Request~~
~~FY2022 Base~~
~~Total~~
~~House~~
~~Introducedc~~
~~Title I. State, Broadcasting & Related Agencies TOTAL~~
~~17,233.05~~
~~18,038.68~~
~~18,577.45~~
~~7.92%~~
~~2.99%~~
~~18,016.23~~
~~18,243.83~~
~~(4,201.42)~~
~~(825.20)~~
~~(15.00)~~
~~Administration of Foreign Affairs, Subtotal~~
~~12,891.92~~
~~13,386.31~~
~~13,181.51~~
~~4.73%~~
~~-1.53%~~
~~13,092.94~~
~~13,158.57~~
~~(3,399.19)~~
~~(800.20)~~
~~(15.00)~~
~~Diplomatic Programs~~
~~8,963.14~~
~~9,538.09~~
~~9,637.80~~
~~5.00%~~
~~1.05%~~
~~9,637.71~~
~~9,652.80~~
~~(2,070.00)~~
~~(359.30)~~
~~(15.00)~~
~~of which Worldwide Security Protection~~
~~3,903.60~~
~~3,788.20~~
~~3,813.71~~
~~0.67%~~
~~0.67%~~
~~3,813.71~~
~~3,814.82~~
~~(2,226.12)~~
~~Consular and Border Security Programs~~
~~300.00~~

~~0.00~~
~~(300.00)~~
~~Capital Investment Fund~~
~~250.00~~
~~310.00~~
~~470.18~~
~~56.73%~~
~~51.67%~~
~~350.00~~
~~389.00~~
~~(10.00)~~
~~Office of Inspector General~~
~~145.73~~
~~139.46~~
~~133.70~~
~~1.71%~~
~~-4.13%~~
~~133.70~~
~~133.70~~
~~(54.90)~~
~~(8.00)~~
~~Educational & Cultural Exchanges~~
~~740.30~~
~~753.00~~
~~741.30~~
~~-1.55%~~
~~-1.55%~~
~~773.00~~
~~781.54~~
~~Representation Expenses~~
~~7.42~~
~~7.42~~
~~7.42~~
~~0.00%~~
~~0.00%~~
~~7.42~~
~~7.42~~
~~Protection of Foreign Missions & Officials~~
~~30.89~~
~~30.89~~
~~30.89~~
~~0.00%~~
~~0.00%~~
~~30.89~~
~~30.89~~
~~Embassy Security, Construction & Maintenance~~
~~1,950.45~~
~~2,093.15~~
~~1,957.82~~
~~-1.28%~~
~~-6.47%~~
~~1,957.82~~
~~1,957.82~~
~~(824.29)~~
~~(110.00)~~
~~of which Worldwide Security Upgrades~~
~~1,181.39~~
~~1,132.43~~
~~1,055.21~~
~~-6.82%~~
~~-6.82%~~
~~1,055.21~~
~~1,055.21~~
~~(824.29)~~
~~CRS-26~~

~~link to page 36 link to page 36 link to page 36~~
~~FY2023~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Request as %~~
~~Request as %~~
~~Change~~
~~Change~~
~~from~~
~~FY2023~~
~~FY2021~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
~~from~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Senate~~

~~Actuala~~
~~Enactedb~~
~~Request~~
~~FY2022 Base~~
~~Total~~
~~House~~
~~Introducedc~~
~~Title III. Bilateral Assistance~~
~~41,083.95~~
~~49,869.54~~
~~31,133.24~~
~~13.72%~~
~~-37.57%~~
~~30,866.19~~
~~36,344.81~~
~~(18,210.46)~~
~~(22,492.10)~~
~~(5,900.00)~~
~~Global Health Programs~~
~~13,195.95~~
~~9,830.00~~
~~10,576.00~~
~~7.59%~~
~~7.59%~~
~~10,976.50~~
~~16,334.50~~
~~(4,000~~.00) .00)
(5,825.00) (5,825.00)
of which USAID
7,265.95
3,880.00
3,956.00 3,956.00
~~1.96%~~
~~1.96%~~
~~4,581.50~~
~~9,414.50~~ 4,581.50 9,414.50 4,165.95 +5.3% +7.4%
(4,000)
(5,275.00)
of which State
5,930.00
5,950.00
6,620.00 6,620.00
~~11.26%~~
~~11.26%~~
~~6,395.00~~
~~6,920.00~~
~~(550.00)~~
~~Global Health Programs (mandatory, non-add)~~

~~6,500.00~~

~~0.00~~
~~Development Assistance~~
~~3,500.00~~
~~4,140.49~~
~~4,769.79~~
~~15.20%~~
~~15.20%~~
~~4,769.79~~
~~4,753.40~~ 6,395.00 6,920.00 6,395.00 -3.4% +7.5% (550.00) Global Health Programs (mandatory, non-add) n/a n/a 6,500.00 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Development Assistance 3,500.00 4,140.49 4,769.79 4,769.79 4,753.40 4,368.61 -8.4% +5.5%
International Disaster Assistance International Disaster Assistance
4,395.36 4,395.36
11,303.46 11,303.46
4, 4,~~699~~949.36 4,395.00 4,480.46 4,843.36 -2.1% -57.2%~~.36~~
~~20.33%~~
~~-58.43%~~
~~4,395.00~~
~~4,480.46~~
(1,914.04) (1,914.04)
(7,398.00) (7,398.00)
(250.00) (937.90) Transition Initiatives Transition Initiatives
92.04 92.04
200.00 200.00
~~102.00~~
~~27.50%~~
~~-49.00%~~
~~93.00~~
~~102.00~~
~~(120~~152.00 93.00 102.00 130.00 -14.5% -35.0% (120.00) (50.00) (50.00) .00)
Complex Crisis Fund Complex Crisis Fund
30.00 30.00
60.00 60.00
40.00 40.00
~~-33.33%~~
~~-33.33%~~
~~60.00~~
~~60.00~~
~~Economic Support Fund~~
~~12,526.96~~
~~13,512.00~~
~~4,122.46~~
~~0.57%~~
~~-69.49%~~
~~4,128.27~~
~~4,122.46~~
~~(9,375.00)~~
~~(9,413.00)~~
~~Democracy Fund~~
~~290.70~~
~~340.70~~
~~290.70~~
~~-14.68%~~
~~-14.68%~~
~~345.70~~
~~367.20~~60.00 60.00 60.00 +50.0% 0.0% CRS-29 link to page 37 link to page 37 link to page 37 link to page 37 link to page 37 % Change % Change FY2022 FY2023 Total Total Req. Enact. to FY2023 to FY2023 FY2023 FY2021 FY2022 FY2023 FY2023 Senate FY2023 Total Total Actuala Enactedb Requestc House Introducedd Enactede Enact. Enact. Economic Support Fund 12,526.96 13,512.00 25,567.46 4,128.27 4,122.46 21,767.80 -14.9% +61.1% (9,375.00) (9,413.00) (21,445.00) (17,466.50) Democracy Fund 290.70 340.70 290.70 345.70 367.20 355.70 +22.4% +4.4% Assistance for Europe, Eurasia & Central Asia 770.33 1,620.00 984.43 850.33 850.00 850.33 -13.6% -47.5% (1,120.00) (350
~~Assistance for Europe, Eurasia & Central Asia~~
~~770.33~~
~~1,620.00~~
~~984.43~~
~~96.89%~~
~~-39.23%~~
~~850.33~~
~~850.00~~
~~(1,120~~.00) .00)
Migration & Refugee Assistance Migration & Refugee Assistance
4,032.00 4,032.00
5,077.19 5,077.19
4,162.00 3,700.00 3,712.19 4,447.24 +6.9% -12.4%~~3,912.00~~
~~34.33%~~
~~-22.95%~~
~~3,700.00~~
~~3,712.19~~
(2,301.42) (2,301.42)
(2,165.00) (2,165.00)
( (250.00) (75.00) (1,535.05) ~~75.00)~~
Emergency Refugee & Migration Assistance Emergency Refugee & Migration Assistance
500.10 500.10
2,276.20 2,276.20
100.00 100.00
~~99900.00%~~
~~-95.61%~~
~~0.10~~
~~0.10~~0.10 0.10 0.10 -99.9% -100.0%
(500.00) (500.00)
(2,276.10) (2,276.10)
Independent Agencies, Subtotal Independent Agencies, Subtotal
1,393.50 1,393.50
1,404.50 1,404.50
1,431.50 1,431.50
1 1~~.92%~~
~~1.92%~~
~~1,437~~,437.50 1,452.50 1,452.50 +1.5% +3.4% Peace Corps 410.50 410.50 430.50 430.50 430.50 430.50 0.0% +4.9%~~.50~~
~~1,452.50~~
~~CRS-29~~

~~link to page 36 link to page 36 link to page 36~~
~~FY2023~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Request as %~~
~~Request as %~~
~~Change~~
~~Change~~
~~from~~
~~FY2023~~
~~FY2021~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
~~from~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Senate~~

~~Actuala~~
~~Enactedb~~
~~Request~~
~~FY2022 Base~~
~~Total~~
~~House~~
~~Introducedc~~
~~Peace Corps~~
~~410.50~~
~~410.50~~
~~430.50~~
~~4.87%~~
~~4.87%~~
~~430.50~~
~~430.50~~
Mil ennium Challenge Corporation Mil ennium Challenge Corporation
912.00 912.00
912.00 912.00
930.00 930.00
~~1.97%~~
~~1.97%~~
~~915.00~~
~~930.00~~915.00 930.00 930.00 0.0% +2.0%
Inter-American Foundation Inter-American Foundation
38.00 38.00
42.00 42.00
38.00 38.00
~~-9.52%~~
~~-9.52%~~
~~47.00~~
~~47.00~~47.00 47.00 47.00 +23.7% +11.9%
U.S. Africa Development Foundation U.S. Africa Development Foundation
33.00 33.00
40.00 40.00
33.00 33.00
~~-17.50%~~
~~-17.50%~~
~~45.00~~
~~45.00~~45.00 45.00 45.00 +36.4% +12.5%
Dept. of the Treasury, Subtotal Dept. of the Treasury, Subtotal
357.00 357.00
105.00 105.00
105.00 105.00
~~0.00%~~
~~0.00%~~110.00 110.00
110.00 110.00
~~110.00~~+4.8% +4.8%
(120.00) (120.00)
International Affairs Technical Assistance International Affairs Technical Assistance
33.00 33.00
38.00 38.00
38.00 38.00
~~0.00%~~
~~0.00%~~38.00 38.00
38.00 38.00
~~38.00~~0.0% 0.0%
Treasury Debt Restructuring Treasury Debt Restructuring
324.00 324.00
67.00 67.00
67.00 67.00
~~0.00%~~
~~0.00%~~52.00 52.00
52.00 52.00
~~52.00~~-22.4% -22.4%
(120.00) (120.00)
Tropical Forest and Coral Reef Conservation Tropical Forest and Coral Reef Conservation

0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 20.00
20.00 20.00
n/a n/a Title IV. International Security Assistance Title IV. International Security Assistance
9,004.03 9,004.03
14,079.35 14,079.35
~~8,999~~9,904.78 20.00 8,862.86 9,498.73 -4.1% -32.5%~~.78~~
~~1.13%~~
~~-36.08%~~
~~20.00~~
~~8,862.86~~
(902.12) (902.12)
(5,180 (5,180.00) (905.00) (560.00) .00)
International Narcotics Control & Law International Narcotics Control & Law ~~Enforcement~~
1,385.57 1,385.57
1,821.00 1,821.00
1, 1,~~466~~766.00 .00
~~5.39%~~
~~-19.49%~~
~~8,996.98~~
~~1,473.80~~
~~(430~~8,996.98 1,473.80 1,766.00 0.0% -3.0% Enforcement (430.00) (300.00) (375.00) .00)
Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining
889.25 889.25
1,000.00 1,000.00
~~900~~1,005.25 1,450.00 961.55 1,026.00 +2.1% +2.6% (100.00) (105.00) (105.00) Peacekeeping Operations 440.76 455.00 463.56 920.25 452.06 460.76 -0.6% +1.3%~~.25~~
~~0.03%~~
~~-9.98%~~
~~1,450.00~~
~~961.55~~
~~(100.00)~~
~~Peacekeeping Operations~~
~~440.76~~
~~455.00~~
~~463.56~~
~~1.88%~~
~~1.88%~~
~~920.25~~
~~452.06~~
(325.21) (325.21)
International Military Education & Training International Military Education & Training
112.93 112.93
112.93 112.93
112 112.93 460.76 112.93 112.93 0.0% 0.0% CRS-30 link to page 37 link to page 37 link to page 37 link to page 37 link to page 37 % Change % Change FY2022 FY2023 Total Total Req. Enact. to FY2023 to FY2023 FY2023 FY2021 FY2022 FY2023 FY2023 Senate FY2023 Total Total Actuala Enactedb Requestc House Introducedd Enactede Enact. Enact.~~.93~~
~~0.00%~~
~~0.00%~~
~~460.76~~
~~112.93~~
Foreign Military Financing Foreign Military Financing
6,175.52 6,175.52
10,690.42 10,690.42
6, 6,~~057~~557.05 112.93 5,862.53 6,133.05 -6.5% -42.6%~~.05~~
~~0.28%~~
~~-43.34%~~
~~112.93~~
~~5,862.53~~
(576.91) (576.91)
(4,650 (4,650.00) (500.00) (80.00) .00)
Title V. Multilateral Assistance Title V. Multilateral Assistance
2,620.82 2,620.82
3,024.46 3,024.46
4,726.72 4,726.72
~~99.06%~~
~~56.28%~~
~~4,671.51~~
~~4,755.52~~4,671.51 4,755.52 2,763.12 -41.5% -8.6%
(580.00) (580.00)
(650.00) (650.00)
International Organizations & Programs International Organizations & Programs
967.50 967.50
423.00 423.00
457.20 457.20
~~8.09%~~
~~8.09%~~
~~592.00~~
~~481.00~~
~~(580.00)~~
~~CRS-30~~

~~link to page 36 link to page 36 link to page 36~~
~~FY2023~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Request as %~~
~~Request as %~~
~~Change~~
~~Change~~
~~from~~
~~FY2023~~
~~FY2021~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
~~from~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Senate~~

~~Actuala~~
~~Enactedb~~
~~Request~~
~~FY2022 Base~~
~~Total~~
~~House~~
~~Introducedc~~
~~Int'l Bank for Reconstruction & Development~~
~~206.50~~
~~206.50~~
~~206.50~~
~~0.00%~~
~~0.00%~~
~~206.50~~
~~206.50~~
~~Global Environment Facility~~
~~139.58~~
~~149.29~~
~~150.20~~
~~0.61%~~
~~0.61%~~
~~150.20~~
~~150.20~~592.00 481.00 508.60 +11.2% +20.2% (580.00) Int'l Bank for Reconstruction & Development 206.50 206.50 206.50 206.50 206.50 206.50 0.0% 0.0% Global Environment Facility 139.58 149.29 150.20 150.20 150.20 150.20 0.0% +0.6%
International Development Association International Development Association
1,001.40 1,001.40
1,001.40 1,001.40
1,430.26 1,430.26
~~42.83%~~
~~42.83%~~1,430.26
1,430.26 1,430.26
1,430.26 1,430.26
0.0% +42.8% Asian Development Fund Asian Development Fund
47.40 47.40
53.32 53.32
43.61 43.61
~~-18.22%~~
~~-18.22%~~
~~43.61~~
~~43.61~~
~~African Development Bank~~
~~54.65~~
~~54.65~~
~~54.65~~
~~0.00%~~
~~0.00%~~
~~54.65~~
~~54.65~~
~~African Development Fund~~
~~171.30~~
~~211.30~~
~~171.30~~
~~-18.93%~~
~~-18.93%~~
~~171.30~~
~~171.30~~
~~Green Climate Fund~~
~~0.00~~
~~0.00~~
~~1,600.00~~

~~1,600.00~~
~~1,600.00~~
~~Climate Investment Funds~~
~~0.00~~
~~0.00~~
~~550.00~~

~~0.00~~
~~0.00~~
~~Clean Technology Fund~~
~~0.00~~
~~125.00~~
~~0.00~~
~~-100.00%~~
~~-100.00%~~
~~350.00~~
~~550.00~~
~~International Monetary Fund~~
~~0.00~~
~~102.00~~
~~20.00~~
~~-80.39%~~
~~-80.39%~~
~~20.00~~
~~20.00~~43.61 43.61 43.61 0.0% -18.2% African Development Bank 54.65 54.65 54.65 54.65 54.65 54.65 0.0% 0.0% African Development Fund 171.30 211.30 171.30 171.30 171.30 171.30 0.0% -18.9% Green Climate Fund n/a n/a 1,600.00 1,600.00 1,600.00 n/a -100.0% n/a Climate Investment Funds n/a n/a 550.00 n/a n/a n/a -100.0% n/a Clean Technology Fund n/a 125.00 0.00 350.00 550.00 125.00 n/a 0.0% International Monetary Fund n/a 102.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 0.0% -80.4%
International Fund for Agricultural Development International Fund for Agricultural Development
32.50 32.50
43.00 43.00
43.00 43.00
~~0.00%~~
~~0.00%~~43.00 43.00
43.00 43.00
~~43.00~~0.0% 0.0%
Global Agriculture & Food Security Program Global Agriculture & Food Security Program
2,620.82 2,620.82
155.00 155.00
0.00 0.00
~~-100.00%~~
~~-100.00%~~10.00 5.00
10.00 10.00
~~5.00~~n/a -93.5%
European Bank for Reconstruction and European Bank for Reconstruction and ~~Development~~
~~0.00~~ n/a 500.00 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a -100.0% Development Title VI. Export Assistance 264.99 323.80 451.05 540.63 759.80 738.08 +63.6% +127.9%
~~500.00~~
~~0.00~~

~~0.00~~
~~0.00~~
~~Title VI. Export Assistance~~
~~264.99~~
~~323.80~~
~~451.05~~
~~39.30%~~
~~39.30%~~
~~540.63~~
~~759.80~~
Export-Import Bank (net) Export-Import Bank (net)
54.80 54.80
-74.50 -74.50
-202.09 -202.09
~~171.26%~~
~~171.26%~~
~~47.50~~
~~68.30~~47.50 68.30 57.50 -128.5% -177.2%
U.S. Development Finance Corporation (net.) U.S. Development Finance Corporation (net.)
130.69 130.69
318.80 318.80
555.13 555.13
~~74.13%~~
~~74.13%~~
~~406.13~~
~~593.50~~406.13 593.50 593.58 +6.9% +86.2%
Trade and Development Agency Trade and Development Agency
79.50 79.50
79.50 79.50
98.00 98.00
~~23.27%~~
~~23.27%~~
~~87.00~~
~~98.00~~87.00 98.00 87.00 -11.2% +9.4%
SFOPS Total
71,959.29 71,959.29
87,356.98 87,356.98
~~66,001.18~~
~~13.48%~~
~~-24.45%~~
~~65,178.90~~
~~71,098.90~~
~~(23,935.00)~~
~~(29,194.30)~~
~~(5,950~~90,601.18 65,178.90 71,098.90 81,583.90 -10.0% -6.6% (23,935.00) (29,194.30) (24,600.00) (5,950.00) (21,065.00) .00)
Rescissions, net Rescissions, net
-580.53 -580.53
-1,903.78 -1,903.78
-65.00 -65.00
- -~~96.59%~~
~~-96.59%~~
~~-445.00~~
~~-430.00~~445.00 -430.00 -667.00 +926.2% -65.0%
(-425.12) (-425.12)
CRS-31 CRS-31

link to page link to page 3637 link to page link to page 3637 link to page link to page 36
~~FY2023~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Request as %~~
~~Request as %~~
~~Change~~
~~Change~~
~~from~~37 link to page 37 link to page 37 % Change % Change FY2022 FY2023 Total Total Req. Enact. to FY2023 to FY2023
FY2023
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
~~from~~
~~FY2022~~FY2023 Senate
FY2023
~~Senate~~Total Total

Actuala
Enactedb
~~Request~~
~~FY2022 Base~~
~~Total~~
~~House~~
~~Introduce~~dcReque stc House Introducedd Enactede Enact. Enact.
SFOPS Total, Net of Rescissions
71,378.76 71,378.76
85,453.20 85,453.20
~~65,936~~90,536.18.18
~~17.20%~~
~~-22.84%~~
~~64,733.90~~
~~70,668.90~~
~~(23,509.88)~~
~~(29,194.30)~~
~~(5,950~~ 64,733.90 70,668.90 80,916.90 -10.6% -5.3% (23,509.88) (29,194.30) (24,600.00) (5,950.00) (21,065.00) .00)
Sources: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2023SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2023 and supplemental requests; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-128; H.R. 8282; S. 4662; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-128; H.R. 8282; S. 4662; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328. .
Notes: Figures in parentheses are amounts designated as Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) or supplemental emergency funding and are subsumed in the larger Figures in parentheses are amounts designated as Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) or supplemental emergency funding and are subsumed in the larger
account number above them. Numbers may not add due to rounding. account number above them. Numbers may not add due to rounding.
a. Totals include base, OCO, and Title IX emergency supplemental funds from the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260), emergency funding from the a. Totals include base, OCO, and Title IX emergency supplemental funds from the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260), emergency funding from the
American Rescue Plan Act (P.L. 117-2), and emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-31. American Rescue Plan Act (P.L. 117-2), and emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-31.
b. Totals include base and emergency supplemental appropriations from the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2022, (P.L. 117-103) and emergency supplemental b. Totals include base and emergency supplemental appropriations from the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2022, (P.L. 117-103) and emergency supplemental
funding from both the FY2022 Extending Funding and Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43), the FY2022 Further Extending Government Funding Act (P.L. 117- funding from both the FY2022 Extending Funding and Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43), the FY2022 Further Extending Government Funding Act (P.L. 117-
70), and the Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 (AUSAA, P.L. 117-128). 70), and the Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 (AUSAA, P.L. 117-128).
c. c. ~~Titles VIII and IX of S. 4662 would include a total of $5.95 bil ion in emergency supplemental funds “to support global pandemic preparedness and health security,~~
~~and for the global COVID-19 response.” Senate Committee on Appropriations, “Summary State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Fiscal Year 2023~~
~~Appropriations Bil , Chairman’s Mark,” press release, July 28, 2022.~~

~~CRS-32~~

~~link to page 37 link to page 37~~ ~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

~~Appendix B~~Includes supplemental funding proposed by the Administration on September 2 and November 15, 2022, to address the war in Ukraine, COVID-19 pandemic, and monkeypox virus abroad. Office of Management and Budget, FY 2023 Continuing Resolution (CR) Appropriations Issues, September 2, 2022; Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, at https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/FY-2023-Supplemental-funding-request-for-COVID-19-and-Ukraine.pdf. d. Titles VIII and IX of S. 4662 would include a total of $5.95 bil ion in emergency supplemental funds “to support global pandemic preparedness and health security, and for the global COVID-19 response.” Senate Committee on Appropriations, “Summary State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Fiscal Year 2023 Appropriations Bil , Chairman’s Mark,” press release, July 28, 2022. e. Includes supplemental funding provided in Division M of the Consolidate Appropriations Act, 2023, and $4.5 bil ion in FY2023 SFOPS funds in the Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023, included in a continuing resolution (Division B of P.L. 117-180). CRS-32 Appendix B. Emergency Supplemental Funds Table B-1. Emergency Supplemental Funds, FY2021-FY2023 Enacted (In millions of current U.S. dollars) FY2021 FY2022 FY2023 P.L. 117- P.L. 117- P.L. 117-180 P.L. 117- P.L. 116- P.L. 117-2, 103, Div. N 128, Title V Div. B 328, Div. M 260, Div. K, Title X P.L. 117-31, P.L. 117-43, P.L. 117-70, (FY2022 (FY2022 (FY2023 (FY2023 Title IX (ARPA) Title IV Div. C Div. B USAA) AUSAA) USAA) AUSAA) Diplomatic Programs 204.00 44.30 125.00 190.00 147.05 Capital Investment Fund 10.00 Consular & Border Security 300.00 Programs Emergencies in the Diplomatic & 276.90 36.00 Consular Services Office of Inspector General 4.00 4.00 5.50 Embassy Security, Construction and 110.00 Maintenance Sudan Claims 150.00 International Broadcasting 25.00 Operations Total, State, Broadcasting & Related 450.00 204.00 — 276.90 80.30 154.00 314.00 152.55 Agencies USAID Operating Expenses 41.00 25.00 17.00 5.00 USAID Office of Inspector General 4.00 1.00 8.00 Global Health Programs 4,000.00 International Disaster Assistance 400.00 2,650.00 4,348.00 937.00 Transition Initiatives 120.00 50.00 CRS-33 FY2021 FY2022 FY2023 P.L. 117- P.L. 117- P.L. 117-180 P.L. 117- P.L. 116- P.L. 117-2, 103, Div. N 128, Title V Div. B 328, Div. M 260, Div. K, Title X P.L. 117-31, P.L. 117-43, P.L. 117-70, (FY2022 (FY2022 (FY2023 (FY2023 Title IX (ARPA) Title IV Div. C Div. B USAA) AUSAA) USAA) AUSAA) Economic Support Fund 700.00 8,675.00 647.00 8,766.00 4,500.00 12,966.50 Assistance for Europe, Eurasia and 1,120.00 350.00 Central Asia Migration & Refugee Assistance 500.00 100.00 415.00 1,400.00 350.00 1,535.05 Emergency Refugee & Migration 500.00 1,076.10 1,200.00 Assistance Dept. of the Treasury Debt 120.00 Restructuring Int’l Organizations & Programs 580.00 Int’l Narcotics Control & Law 30.00 400.00 375.00 Enforcement Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, 100.00 105.00 Demining and Related Programs Foreign Military Financing 650.00 4,000.00 80.00 European Bank for Reconstruction & 500.00 Development Global Agriculture and Food Security 150.00 Program Total Foreign Operations 4,820.00 9,796.00 600.00 1,819.10 1,200.00 6,646.00 18,632.00 4,500.00 16,412.45 SFOPS Total 5,270.00 10,000.00 600.00 2,168.00 1,280.30 6,800.00 18,946.00 4,500.00 16,565.00 Sources: P.L. 116-260; P.L. 117-2; P.L. 117-31; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-128; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328. Notes: USAA = Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act; AUSAA = Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022. Because OCO-designated funding was largely indistinguishable from base (also referred to as enduring) funding in FY2021, it is not included in this table. For more on SFOPS supplemental funds for Ukraine, see CRS Report R47275, Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: In Brief, by Emily M. McCabe. CRS-34 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations Appendix C. International Affairs Budget
The International Affairs budget, or Function 150, includes funding that is not in the Department The International Affairs budget, or Function 150, includes funding that is not in the Department
of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) appropriation; in particular, of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) appropriation; in particular,
international food assistance programs (Food for Peace Act, Title II (FFP) and McGovern-Dole international food assistance programs (Food for Peace Act, Title II (FFP) and McGovern-Dole
International Food for Education and Child Nutrition programs) are in the Agriculture International Food for Education and Child Nutrition programs) are in the Agriculture
Appropriations, and the Foreign Claim Settlement Commission and the International Trade Appropriations, and the Foreign Claim Settlement Commission and the International Trade
Commission are in the Commerce, Justice, Science appropriations. In addition, the SFOPS Commission are in the Commerce, Justice, Science appropriations. In addition, the SFOPS
appropriation measure includes funding for certain international commissions that are not part of appropriation measure includes funding for certain international commissions that are not part of
the International Affairs Function 150 account. the International Affairs Function 150 account.
Congressional Research Service 35 link to page 41 link to page 41 link to page 41 link to page 41 Table C ~~Table B~~-1. International Affairs Budget: FY2021-FY2023
(In millions of current U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals (In millions of current U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals
designated as OCO or emergency funds) designated as OCO or emergency funds)
~~FY2023~~
~~FY2023~~
~~Request~~
~~Request~~
~~as %~~
~~as %~~
~~Change~~
~~Change~~
~~from~~
~~from~~
~~FY2021~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2023~~
% Change % Change FY2023 Total FY2022 Total Req. to Enact. to FY2021 FY2022 FY2023 FY2023 FY2023 FY2023 Total FY2023 Total
Actuala
Enactedb
~~Request~~
~~Base~~
~~Total~~
~~House~~Requestc House Enactedd Enact. Enact.
State-Foreign
Operations, 71,202.14 71,202.14
85,272.35 85,272.35
~~65,767.48~~
~~17.28%~~
~~-22.87%~~
~~64,551.85~~
~~Operations, excluding~~
~~(23,509.88)~~ 90,367.48 64,551.85 80,724.01 -10.7% -5.3% excluding Commissions (23,509.88) (29,194.30) (24,600.00) (21,065.00)~~(29,194.30)~~
~~Commissions~~
Commerce-Science-
Justice 105.37 105.37
112.43 112.43
109.32 109.32
~~-2.77%~~
~~-2.77%~~
~~124.90~~
~~Justice~~124.90 124.90 +14.3% +11.1%
Foreign Claims Settlement Foreign Claims Settlement
2.37 2.37
2.43 2.43
2.50 2.50
2. 2.~~71%~~50
2. 2.~~71%~~
~~2.50~~50 +0.2% +2.9%
Commission Commission
Int’l Trade Commission Int’l Trade Commission
103.00 103.00
110.00 110.00
106.82 106.82
~~-2.89%~~
~~-2.89%~~
~~122.40~~122.40 122.40 +14.6% +11.3%
Agriculture
2,770.00 2,770.00
2,077.00 2,077.00
1,970.11 1,970.11
~~-0.35%~~
~~-5.15%~~
~~2,065.00~~
~~(800.00)~~
~~(100~~2,065.00 2,048.33 +4.0% -1.4% (800.00) (100.00) (55.00) .00)
Food for Peace Act, Title II Food for Peace Act, Title II
2,540.00 2,540.00
1,840.00 1,840.00
1,740.00 1,740.00
~~0.00%~~
~~-5.43%~~
~~1,800.00~~
~~(800.00)~~
~~(100~~1,800.00 1,800.00 +3.5% -2.2% (800.00) (100.00) (50.00) .00)
McGovern-Dole McGovern-Dole
230.00 230.00
237.00 237.00
230.11 230.11
~~-2.91%~~
~~-2.91%~~
~~265.00~~265.00 248.33 +7.9% +4.8% (5.00)
Total International
Affairs (150) 74,077.50
87,461.78
~~67,846~~92,446.91 66,741.75 82,724.01 -10.3% -5.2% (24,309.88) (29,294.30) (24,600.00) (21,065.00~~.91~~
~~16.64%~~
~~-22.43%~~
~~66,741.75~~
~~Affairs (150)~~
~~(24,309.8~~
~~(29,294.3~~
8)
0)
Sources: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2023SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2023 and supplemental requests; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-
128; H.R. 8282128; H.R. 8282; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328. .
Notes: Figures in parentheses are amounts designated as Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) or Figures in parentheses are amounts designated as Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) or
supplemental emergency funding and are subsumed in the larger account number above them. Numbers may not supplemental emergency funding and are subsumed in the larger account number above them. Numbers may not
add due to rounding. add due to rounding.
a. Totals include base, OCO, and Title IX emergency supplemental funds from the Consolidated a. Totals include base, OCO, and Title IX emergency supplemental funds from the Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260), emergency funding from the Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260), emergency funding from the American Rescue Plan Act (P.L. 117-American Rescue Plan Act (P.L. 117-
2), and emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-31. 2), and emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-31.
b. Totals include base and emergency supplemental appropriations from the Consolidated Appropriations Act b. Totals include base and emergency supplemental appropriations from the Consolidated Appropriations Act
2022, (P.L. 117-103) and emergency supplemental 2022, (P.L. 117-103) and emergency supplemental funding from both the FY2022 Extending Funding and funding from both the FY2022 Extending Funding and
Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43), the FY2022 Further Extending Government Funding Act (P.L. 117-Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43), the FY2022 Further Extending Government Funding Act (P.L. 117-
70), and the Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 (AUSAA, P.L. 117-128). 70), and the Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 (AUSAA, P.L. 117-128).
~~Congressional Research Service~~

33

~~SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations~~

~~Appendix C. International Affairs Components~~
~~Figure C-1. International Affairs Components~~

Source: Created by CRS.

~~Author Information~~

~~Emily M. Morgenstern~~c. Includes supplemental funding proposed by the Administration on September 2 and November 15, 2022, to address the war in Ukraine, COVID-19 pandemic, and monkeypox virus abroad. Office of Management and Budget, FY 2023 Continuing Resolution (CR) Appropriations Issues, September 2, 2022; Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, at https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/FY-2023-Supplemental-funding-request-for-COVID-19-and-Ukraine.pdf. d. Includes supplemental funding provided in Division M of the Consolidate Appropriations Act, 2023. CRS-36 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations Appendix D. International Affairs Components Figure D-1. International Affairs Components Source: Created by CRS. Author Information Emily M. McCabe
Cory R. Gill Cory R. Gill
Analyst in Foreign Assistance and Foreign Policy Analyst in Foreign Assistance and Foreign Policy
Analyst in Foreign Affairs Analyst in Foreign Affairs

Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan
shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and
under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other
than public understanding of information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in than public understanding of information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in
connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the United States Government, are not connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the United States Government, are not
subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be reproduced and distributed in subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be reproduced and distributed in
its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include copyrighted images or its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include copyrighted images or
material from a third party, you may need to obtain the permission of the copyright holder if you wish to material from a third party, you may need to obtain the permission of the copyright holder if you wish to
copy or otherwise use copyrighted material. copy or otherwise use copyrighted material.

Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service
R47070 R47070 · VERSION 1011 · UPDATED
3437