< Back to Current Version

Staff Pay, Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2001-FY2025

Changes from September 29, 2022 to September 11, 2026

This page shows textual changes in the document between the two versions indicated in the dates above. Textual matter removed in the later version is indicated with red strikethrough and textual matter added in the later version is indicated with blue.


Staff Pay, Selected Positions in Senators
September 29, 2022
Offices, FY2001-FY2021
R. Eric Petersen
' Offices, FY2001-FY2025 Updated September 11, 2026 (R44324) Jump to Main Text of Report

Contents

Tables

Summary

Levels of pay for congressional staff are a source of recurring questions among Members of
Levels of pay for congressional staff are a source of recurring questions among Members of
Specialist in American
Congress, congressional staff, and the public. There may be interest in congressional pay data Congress, congressional staff, and the public. There may be interest in congressional pay data
National Government
from multiple perspectives, including assessment of the costs of congressional operations, from multiple perspectives, including assessment of the costs of congressional operations,

guidance in setting pay levels for staff in Member offices, or comparison of congressional staff guidance in setting pay levels for staff in Member offices, or comparison of congressional staff
Tyler L. Wolanin
pay levels with those of other federal government pay systems.pay levels with those of other federal government pay systems.
Research Assistant

This report provides pay data for This report provides pay data for 2324 staff position titles that are typically found in Senators staff position titles that are typically found in Senators
' offices. The following table provides the positions, and the change in median pay levels between offices. The following table provides the positions, and the change in median pay levels between

FY2020 and FY2021FY2024 and FY2025 for those positions, in for those positions, in constant 20222026 dollars. dollars.
FY2021 FY2025 Median Pay and Percentage Change for Selected Staff Positions in Senators' Offices, 2022
Dollars2026 dollars and Percentage Change, FY2020-FY2021
FY2021
FY2021
Pay,
Change,
Pay,
Change,
Constant FY2020-
Constant FY2020-
Position
2022$
FY2021
Position
2022$
FY2021
Administrative Director
$141,631
3.39%
Legislative Correspondent
$51,977
-0.12%
Caseworker
$55,880
-8.81%
Legislative Director
$151,493
-3.39%
Chief of Staff
$185,052
-3.56%
Press Assistant
$54,814
9.26%
Communications Director
$143,958
-1.36%
Press Secretary
$89,602
7.76%
Constituent Services Representative
$55,214
3.67%
Regional Director
$80,874
-1.41%
Deputy Chief of Staff
$163,769
-4.27%
Regional Representative
$59,004
2.86%
Deputy Press Secretary
$57,795
0.40%
Scheduler
$86,746
14.71%
Executive Assistant
$88,239
-0.16%
Scheduling Director
$106,512
1.75%
Field Representative
$57,994
-8.68%
Speechwriter
$88,169
14.99%
Legislative Aide
$58,511
-1.30%
Staff Assistant
$47,797
-4.13%
Legislative Assistant
$86,904
0.04%
State Director
$150,665
2.46%
Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col ated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Change is based on
constant 2022 dol ars. Excludes data for Counsel, for which no 2021 data are available. “—”indicates no data are available.
Report tables provide available aggregate statistics on pay for most staff positions for FY2001, FY2007, FY2012, and
FY2017-FY2021, including quartiles, the median, and average pay. Complete data sinceFY2024-FY2025

Position

FY25 Pay 2026$

Change FY24-FY25

Position

FY25 Pay 2026$

Change FY24-FY25

Administrative Director

$161,282

1.44%

Legislative Aide

$71,897

-3.45%

Caseworker

$73,704

7.66%

Legislative Assistant

$93,124

0.34%

Chief of Staff

$227,901

0.34%

Legislative Correspondent

$68,551

10.27%

Communications Director

$160,940

-1.52%

Legislative Director

$176,778

2.40%

Constituent Services Dir.

$111,331

4.72%

Press Assistant

$71,012

12.07%

Constituent Services Rep.

$65,261

-0.64%

Press Secretary

$97,311

3.91%

Deputy Chief of Staff

$200,173

5.76%

Regional Director

$87,975

-9.26%

Deputy Comms. Dir.

$108,095

-0.23%

Regional Representative

$74,221

-0.41%

Deputy Press Secretary

$69,855

0.14%

Scheduler

$103,755

5.82%

Deputy Scheduler

$75,663

5.56%

Scheduling Director

$124,504

-1.84%

Digital Director

$90,784

-1.01%

Staff Assistant

$58,173

0.78%

Field Representative

$82,840

13.05%

State Director

$174,419

-1.51%

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026.

Report tables provide available aggregate statistics on pay for most staff positions for FY2001, FY2006, FY2011, FY2016, and FY2021-FY2025, including quartiles, the median, and average pay. Available data from
2001 or later are available to 2001 or later are available to
congressional clients upon request. Graphic displays are also included, providing representations of pay from the following congressional clients upon request. Graphic displays are also included, providing representations of pay from the following
two perspectives:two perspectives:
a line graph for most positions showing change in median pay, FY2001-a line graph for most positions showing change in median pay, FY2001-FY2021FY2025, in nominal (current) and , in nominal (current) and
constant 20222026 dollars; and dollars; and
distributions for all positions of distributions for all positions of FY2021 pay in constant 2022FY2025 pay in 2026 dollars, in $10,000 increments. dollars, in $10,000 increments.
The Congressional Research Service provides a number of products on The Congressional Research Service provides a number of products on congressional staffing staffing issues. These can be found inmatters. These include CRS Report CRS Report
R44688, Congressional Staff: CRS Products on Size, Pay, Job Tenure, and Duties.
Congressional Research Service


link to page 4 link to page 5 link to page 6 link to page 7 link to page 8 link to page 9 link to page 9 link to page 9 link to page 11 link to page 12 link to page 13 link to page 14 link to page 15 link to page 16 link to page 17 link to page 18 link to page 19 link to page 20 link to page 21 link to page 22 link to page 23 link to page 24 link to page 25 link to page 26 link to page 27 link to page 28 link to page 29 link to page 30 link to page 31 link to page 32 link to page 33 link to page 34 Staff Pay, Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2001-FY2021

Contents
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1
Data Concerns ................................................................................................................................. 2
Data Tables and Visualizations ........................................................................................................ 3
Senate Member Office Staff Pay Tables .......................................................................................... 4

Tables
Table 1. Annual Maximum Pay for Staff in Senators’ Offices, 2001-2022 ..................................... 5
Table 2. FY2021 Median Pay in Constant, 2022 Dollars, and Changes in Pay for
Selected Staff In Senators’ Offices, Members Of Congress, and Selected General
Schedule Employees, Selected Periods ........................................................................................ 6

Table 3. Administrative Director ..................................................................................................... 8
Table 4. Caseworker ........................................................................................................................ 9
Table 5. Chief of Staff ................................................................................................................... 10
Table 6. Communications Director ................................................................................................. 11
Table 7. Constituent Service Representative ................................................................................. 12
Table 8. Counsel ............................................................................................................................ 13
Table 9. Deputy Chief of Staff ....................................................................................................... 14
Table 10. Deputy Press Secretary .................................................................................................. 15
Table 11. Executive Assistant ........................................................................................................ 16
Table 12. Field Representative ...................................................................................................... 17
Table 13. Legislative Aide ............................................................................................................. 18
Table 14. Legislative Assistant ...................................................................................................... 19
Table 15. Legislative Correspondent ............................................................................................. 20
Table 16. Legislative Director ....................................................................................................... 21
Table 17. Press Assistant ............................................................................................................... 22
Table 18. Press Secretary ............................................................................................................... 23
Table 19. Regional Director .......................................................................................................... 24
Table 20. Regional Representative ................................................................................................ 25
Table 21. Scheduler ....................................................................................................................... 26
Table 22. Scheduling Director ....................................................................................................... 27
Table 23. Speechwriter .................................................................................................................. 28
Table 24. Staff Assistant ................................................................................................................ 29
Table 25. State Director ................................................................................................................. 30

Contacts
Author Information ........................................................................................................................ 31


Congressional Research Service


link to page 8 Staff Pay, Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2001-FY2021

Introduction
R44322, House Committee Staff Pay, Selected Positions, 2001-2025; CRS Report R44323, Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2001-2025; CRS Report R44325, Senate Committee Staff Pay, Selected Positions, FY2001-FY2025; and CRS Report R46262, Congressional Staff: Duties and Qualifications Identified by Members of Congress for Selected Positions.

Introduction

Levels of pay for congressional staff are a source of recurring questions among Members of Levels of pay for congressional staff are a source of recurring questions among Members of
Congress, congressional staff, and the public. Senators set the terms and conditions of Congress, congressional staff, and the public. Senators set the terms and conditions of
employment for staff in their offices. These include job titles and descriptions;employment for staff in their offices. These include job titles and descriptions;1 rates of pay, rates of pay,
subject to minimum and maximum levels;subject to minimum and maximum levels;21 and resources available to them to carry out their and resources available to them to carry out their
official duties.official duties.3 There may be interest in congressional pay data from multiple perspectives, There may be interest in congressional pay data from multiple perspectives,
including assessment of the costs of congressional operations, guidance in setting pay levels for including assessment of the costs of congressional operations, guidance in setting pay levels for
staff in Senatorsstaff in Senators' offices, or comparison of congressional staff pay levels with those of other offices, or comparison of congressional staff pay levels with those of other
federal government pay systems.federal government pay systems.
Publicly available information sources do not provide aggregated congressional staff pay data in a Publicly available information sources do not provide aggregated congressional staff pay data in a
readily retrievable form. The most recent publicly available Senate staff compensation report was
issued in 2006, and relied on anonymous, self-reported survey data.4 readily retrievable form. Data in this report are based Data in this report are based
on official, retrievable Senate reports, which afford the opportunity to use data from a consistent, on official, retrievable Senate reports, which afford the opportunity to use data from a consistent,
publicly available, authoritative source. Pay information in this report is based on the Senatepublicly available, authoritative source. Pay information in this report is based on the Senate's s
Report of the Secretary of the Senate,,52 published semiannually, covering periods from April 1 to published semiannually, covering periods from April 1 to
September 30, and October 1 to March 31,September 30, and October 1 to March 31,63 as collated by LegiStorm as collated by LegiStorm, a private entity that
provides some congressional data by subscription.7. Annual data allow for observations about the Annual data allow for observations about the
nature of Senatorsnature of Senators' personal staff compensation over time. personal staff compensation over time.
This report provides pay data for This report provides pay data for 2324 staff position titles that are typically found in Senators staff position titles that are typically found in Senators
' offices. The positions include the following:offices. The positions include the following:
Administrative DirectorAdministrative Director
Executive Assistant
Regional Director
Caseworker
Field Representative
Regional Representative
Chief of Staff
Legislative Aide
Scheduler
Communications Director
Legislative Assistant
Scheduling Director
Constituent Services Representative
Legislative Correspondent
Speechwriter
Counsel
Legislative Director
Staff Assistant
Deputy Chief of Staff
Press Assistant
State Director
Deputy Press Secretary
Press Secretary


1 For examples of staff roles duties and qualifications, see CRS Report R46262, Congressional Staff: Duties,
Qualifications, and Skills Identified by Members of Congress for Selected Positions
.
2 Since 2022, the minimum level of gross annual pay for staff in Senators’ offices has been $3,293. The maximum
annual pay for staff in a Senator’s personal office has been $203,700; see 2 U.S.C. 4571 note, 2 U.S.C. 4575.
Maximum payable rates for staff in a Senator’s office since 2001 are available in Table 1.
3 For discussion of resources available to Members to carry out their official duties, see CRS Report RL30064,
Congressional Salaries and Allowances: In Brief.
4 U.S. Senate, Secretary of the Senate, 2006 U.S. Senate Employment, Compensation, Hiring and Benefits Study
(Washington: 2006).
5 In this report, pay refers to monies paid by the Senate to staff, and excludes other components of total compensation,
which might include paid leave or employer contributions to various insurance and retirement benefits.
6 The Report of the Secretary of the Senate since April 2011 is available at https://www.senate.gov/legislative/common/
generic/report_secsen.htm.
7 See http://www.legistorm.com/.
Congressional Research Service

1

Staff Pay, Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2001-FY2021

The collection of Senators’ staff pay data for FY2001-FY2021

Deputy Press Secretary

Press Assistant

Caseworker

Deputy Scheduler

Press Secretary

Chief of Staff

Digital Director

Regional Director

Communications Director

Field Representative

Regional Representative

Constituent Services Director

Legislative Aide

Scheduler

Constituent Services Representative

Legislative Assistant

Scheduling Director

Deputy Chief of Staff

Legislative Correspondent

Staff Assistant

Deputy Communications Director

Legislative Director

State Director

The collection of Senators' staff pay data for FY2001-FY2025
proceeded as follows. For each proceeded as follows. For each
fiscal year, a random sample of 25 Senatorsfiscal year, a random sample of 25 Senators' offices was taken for each position. offices was taken for each position.84 Senate staff had Senate staff had
to hold a position with the same job title in the Senatorto hold a position with the same job title in the Senator's office for the entire fiscal year s office for the entire fiscal year
examined,examined and not receive pay from any other congressional employing authority to be included. and not receive pay from any other congressional employing authority to be included.
Generally, each position has no more than one observation per SenatorGenerally, each position has no more than one observation per Senator's office each fiscal year.s office each fiscal year.
Every recorded payment ascribed in the LegiStorm data to those staff for the fiscal year is Every recorded payment ascribed in the LegiStorm data to those staff for the fiscal year is
included in the calculation of a stafferincluded in the calculation of a staffer's annual pay. Data collected for this report may differ from s annual pay. Data collected for this report may differ from
an employeean employee's stated annual salary due to the inclusion of overtime, bonuses, or other payments s stated annual salary due to the inclusion of overtime, bonuses, or other payments
in addition to base salary paid in the course of a year.in addition to base salary paid in the course of a year.
For some positions, it was not possible to identify 25 offices that employed staff in some For some positions, it was not possible to identify 25 offices that employed staff in some
positions for an entire year. This report provides no data on positions with nine or fewer positions for an entire year. This report provides no data on positions with nine or fewer
identifiable staff.identifiable staff.
The Congressional Research Service provides a number of products on The Congressional Research Service provides a number of products on congressional staffing staffing issuesmatters. These include CRS Report R44322, House Committee Staff Pay, Selected Positions, 2001-2025;. These can
be found in CRS Report CRS Report R44688, Congressional Staff: CRS Products on Size, Pay, Job Tenure,
and Duties
.
Data Concerns
R44323, Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2001-2025; CRS Report R44325, Senate Committee Staff Pay, Selected Positions, FY2001-FY2025; and CRS Report R46262, Congressional Staff: Duties and Qualifications Identified by Members of Congress for Selected Positions. Data Concerns There may be some advantages to relying on official salary expenditure data instead of survey There may be some advantages to relying on official salary expenditure data instead of survey
findings, but data presented here are subject to some challenges that could affect findings or their findings, but data presented here are subject to some challenges that could affect findings or their
interpretation. Some of the concerns include the following:interpretation. Some of the concerns include the following:
Since periods of time covered by the Since periods of time covered by the Report of the Secretary of the Senate
overlap the end of one Congress and convening of the next, data are not available overlap the end of one Congress and convening of the next, data are not available
for first-term Senators in the first session of a Congress. Data presented in this
report do not include for staff serving in the offices of first-term Senators during the staff serving in the offices of first-term Senators during the
first nine months of their service.first nine months of their service.
The The Report of the Secretary of the Senate reports monies paid directly by the reports monies paid directly by the
Senate to staffSenate to staff, but does not provide the individual value of other components of but does not provide the individual value of other components of
compensation, which might include paid leave or employer contributions to compensation, which might include paid leave or employer contributions to
various insurance and retirement benefits.various insurance and retirement benefits.
Pay data provide no insight into the education, work experience, position tenure, Pay data provide no insight into the education, work experience, position tenure,
and full- or part-time status of staff, or other potential explanations for levels of and full- or part-time status of staff, or other potential explanations for levels of
compensation for individuals.compensation for individuals.
Staff could be based in Washington, DC, state offices, or both.Staff could be based in Washington, DC, state offices, or both.
Potential differences might exist in the job duties of positions with the same title. Potential differences might exist in the job duties of positions with the same title.
Aggregation of pay by job title rests on the assumption that staff with the same Aggregation of pay by job title rests on the assumption that staff with the same
title carry out the same or similar tasks. Given the wide discretion congressional title carry out the same or similar tasks. Given the wide discretion congressional
employing authorities have in setting the terms and conditions of employment,

8 Obtaining the salaries of every congressional staff member from every Senator’s office listed in the Report of the
Secretary of the Senate
is beyond the capacity of available resources. Each year, a different, random sample of
Senators’ offices was taken for each position. The large random samples of positions in Senators’ offices mean that a
full accounting would be unlikely to yield significantly different results. At the same time, a study that examines pay
data based on different job titles, or which combines pay data from positions of similar titles or duties (e.g., Legislative
Assistant and Senior Legislative Assistant, or Executive Assistants, Schedulers, and Executive Assistant/Schedulers),
could result in findings that are different from those provided here.
Congressional Research Service

2

link to page 8 link to page 9 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 33 link to page 7 Staff Pay, Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2001-FY2021

employing authorities have in setting the terms and conditions of employment, there may be differences in the duties of similarly titled staff that could have there may be differences in the duties of similarly titled staff that could have
effects on their levels of pay. Acknowledging the imprecision inherent in effects on their levels of pay. Acknowledging the imprecision inherent in
congressional job titles, an older edition of the congressional job titles, an older edition of the Senate Handbook states, states,
"Throughout the Senate, individuals with the same job title perform vastly Throughout the Senate, individuals with the same job title perform vastly
different duties.different duties.”9
"5 Pay data provide no insight into the potential comparability of compensation for Pay data provide no insight into the potential comparability of compensation for
similar position titles (e.g., Legislative Aide and Legislative Assistant); potential similar position titles (e.g., Legislative Aide and Legislative Assistant); potential
similarities in the duties of some positions (e.g., Press Secretarysimilarities in the duties of some positions (e.g., Press Secretary and
Communications, Communications Director, or Digital Director); or apparent similarities of duties between long- Director); or apparent similarities of duties between long-
standing and more recently emerging position titles (e.g., Scheduler and standing and more recently emerging position titles (e.g., Scheduler and
Scheduling Director).Scheduling Director).
Data Tables and Visualizations
Tables in this section provide background information on Senate pay practices, comparative data Tables in this section provide background information on Senate pay practices, comparative data
for each position, and detailed data and visualizations for each positionfor each position, and detailed data and visualizations for each position. Table 1 provides the provides the
maximum payable rates for staff in Senatorsmaximum payable rates for staff in Senators' offices since 2001 offices since 2001 inat both nominal (current) and both nominal (current) and
constant 20222026 dollars. Constant dollar calculations throughout the report are based on the dollars. Constant dollar calculations throughout the report are based on the
Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for various years, expressed in Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for various years, expressed in constant
20222026 dollars. dollars.10
Table 2 provides available percentage changes in median pay in provides available percentage changes in median pay in constant 20222026 dollars for each of dollars for each of
the the 2324 positions, Members of Congress, positions, Members of Congress,11 and salaries paid under the General Schedule in and salaries paid under the General Schedule in
Washington, DC, and surrounding areas, and in the Rest of the United States (RUS) area.Washington, DC, and surrounding areas, and in the Rest of the United States (RUS) area.12 Table
3
through3 through Table 25 26 provide tabular pay data for each staff position. The tables provide available provide tabular pay data for each staff position. The tables provide available
data for FY2001, data for FY2001, FY2007, FY2012, and FY2017-FY2021FY2006, FY2011, FY2016, and FY2021-FY2025 for most positions, for most positions,13 including data including data
distributed by quartile, median pay, and average pay. by quartile, median pay, and average pay.14 The numbers of staff for which data were
counted are identified as “Number” in the data tables. Staff pay tables also provide a comparison, Staff pay tables also provide a comparison,
at various intervals to at various intervals to FY2021FY2025, based on data availability, of the cumulative percentage change in , based on data availability, of the cumulative percentage change in
median pay for that position, in median pay for that position, in constant 20222026 dollars.

Graphic displays are also included for each position, providing representations of pay from the following two perspectives:

  • a line graph for most positions showing change in median pay, FY2001-FY2025, in nominal (current) and 2026 dollars; and
  • distributions for all positions of FY2025 pay in 2026 dollars, in $10,000 increments.
Table 1. Annual Maximum Pay for Staff in Senators' Offices, 2001-2026

Year

Nominal $

2026 $

Year

Nominal $

2026 $

Year

Nominal $

2026 $

2001

$140,559

$262,486

2010

$169,459

$257,017

2019

$173,900

$224,961

2002

$145,459

$267,408

2011

$169,459

$249,153

2020

$173,900

$222,220

2003

$150,159

$269,898

2012

$169,459

$244,101

2021

$173,900

$212,248

2004

$153,459

$268,674

2013

$169,459

$240,577

2022

$203,700

$230,198

2005

$157,559

$266,813

2014

$169,459

$236,737

2023

$212,100

$230,214

2006

$160,659

$263,560

2015

$169,459

$236,456

2024

$221,900

$233,950

2007

$160,659

$256,262

2016

$169,459

$233,511

2025

$225,700

$231,856

2008

$164,759

$253,084

2017

$169,459

$228,640

2026

$228,000

$228,000

2009

$169,459

$261,233

2018

$169,459

$223,188

Source: 2 U.S.C. 4571 note, 2 U.S.C. 4575, CRS calculations based on the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026.

Senate Member Office Staff Pay Tables Interpreting Pay Tables: Statistics Describing Pay Data

Minimum & Maximum

The smallest and largest pay level, respectively, for each position.

Average (Mean)

dollars.

9 U.S. Senate, Committee on Rules and Administration, Senate Handbook (Washington: 1996), p. I-13.
10 U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index, at https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/
CUUR0000SA0.
11 Member pay data are taken from CRS Report 97-1011, Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and
Historical Tables
.
12 General Schedule pay change is based on changes in pay levels, and not the pay of individuals. General Schedule pay
tables are available at https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/salaries-wages/2022/general-schedule/.
For a complete description of areas covered under the Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA
locality pay table, see https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/salaries-wages/2022/locality-pay-area-
definitions/#DC. For areas covered by the RUS, see https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/salaries-
wages/2022/locality-pay-area-definitions/#US.
13 Positions for which data are available FY2001-FY2021 include Administrative Director, Caseworker, Chief of Staff,
Communications Director, Constituent Services Representative, Executive Assistant, Field Representative, Legislative
Assistant, Legislative Correspondent, Legislative Director, Press Assistant, Press Secretary, Scheduler, Staff Assistant,
and State Director. Data for counsels are available FY2001-FY2020. Pay data for Deputy Chief of Staff, Deputy Press
Secretary, Legislative Aide, Press Assistant, Regional Director, Regional Representative, Scheduling Director, and
Speechwriter are available FY2019-FY2021.
14 For a detailed explanation of statistics provided in this report, see Interpreting Pay Tables: Statistics Describing Pay
Data
, below, in “Senate Member Office Staff Pay Tables.”
Congressional Research Service

3

link to page 11 link to page 33 Staff Pay, Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2001-FY2021

Graphic displays are also included for each position, providing representations of pay from the
following two perspectives:
 a line graph for most positions showing change in median pay, FY2001-FY2021,
in nominal (current) and constant 2022 dollars; and
 distributions for all positions of FY2021 pay in constant 2022 dollars, in $10,000
increments.
Senate Member Office Staff Pay Tables
Interpreting Pay Tables: Statistics Describing Pay Data
For each year that data are available, statistical values for staff positions are included in Table 3-Table 25,
including the fol owing:
Minimum & Maximum
The smallest and largest pay level, respectively, for each position.
Average (Mean)
The mean is the average of a list of numbers, in which the sum of all the values is The mean is the average of a list of numbers, in which the sum of all the values is
divided by the total number of values. For example, if three salaries, $30,000, divided by the total number of values. For example, if three salaries, $30,000,
$45,000, and $90,000 were identified for a given staff position, the average (mean) $45,000, and $90,000 were identified for a given staff position, the average (mean)
would be ($30,000 + $45,000 + $90,000) ÷ 3 = $55,000.would be ($30,000 + $45,000 + $90,000) ÷ 3 = $55,000.
Median

Median

The midpoint at which half of the numbers in a list are higher and the other half The midpoint at which half of the numbers in a list are higher and the other half
lower. For example, if three salaries, $30,000, $45,000, and $90,000 were lower. For example, if three salaries, $30,000, $45,000, and $90,000 were
identified for a given staff position, the midpoint (median) would be $45,000.identified for a given staff position, the midpoint (median) would be $45,000.
Statistical QuartilesStatistical Quartiles
Statistical values that divide data into quarters for more detailed analysis. In a list of Statistical values that divide data into quarters for more detailed analysis. In a list of
numbers, Quartile 1 (Q1) is a number that falls in the middle between the lowest numbers, Quartile 1 (Q1) is a number that falls in the middle between the lowest
number, or minimum, and the median. For example, if Q1 for a given staff position number, or minimum, and the median. For example, if Q1 for a given staff position
was $50,000, this would indicate that 25% of employees in that position make was $50,000, this would indicate that 25% of employees in that position make
$50,000 or less. Quartile 2 (Q2) is also the median. Quartile 3 (Q3) is a number $50,000 or less. Quartile 2 (Q2) is also the median. Quartile 3 (Q3) is a number
that falls in the middle between the median and the highest number in the list, or that falls in the middle between the median and the highest number in the list, or
maximum. Numbers between Q1 and Q3 compose the interquartile range, the maximum. Numbers between Q1 and Q3 compose the interquartile range, the
difference between the largest and smallest values in the middle 50% of a list of difference between the largest and smallest values in the middle 50% of a list of
numbers. Quartiles might also be described as percentiles, as shown below.numbers. Quartiles might also be described as percentiles, as shown below.

Statistical Measures Used in Pay Tables
Quartile1
Quartile 2
Quartile 3
Minimum
(Q1)
(Q2) Median
(Q3)
Maximum
Average
Lowest
25th percentile
50th percentile
75th percentile
Highest
The mean,
number in



number in a
or number
a list
list
expressing
25% of staff
50% of staff make less than
75% of staff
the central
make less than
Q2
make less than
value in a
Q1
Q3
set of data

Minimum

Quartile 1 (Q1)

Quartile 2 (Q2) Median

Quartile 3 (Q3)

Maximum

Average

Lowest number in a list

25th percentile

50th percentile

75th percentile

Highest number in a list

The mean, or number expressing the central value in a set of data

25% of staff make less than Q1

50% of staff make less than Q2

75% of staff make less than Q3

Middle number between Minimum and Median

Median—midpoint at which
Middle number
Median—midpoint at which
Middle number
between
half of the numbers in a list half of the numbers in a list
between
Minimum and
are higher and the other half are higher and the other half
lower Middle number between Median and Median and
Maximum Median
lower
Maximum
Lower QuartileLower Quartile
Interquartile Range = Q3-Q1Interquartile Range = Q3-Q1 Upper Quartile


Congressional Research Service

4

link to page 6 Staff Pay, Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2001-FY2021

Table 1. Annual Maximum Pay for Staff in Senators’ Offices, 2001-2022
Constant
Constant
Year Nominal $
2022 $
Year Nominal $
2022 $
2001
$140,559
$231,987
2012
$169,459
$215,738
2002
$145,459
$236,337
2013
$169,459
$212,624
2003
$150,159
$238,537
2014
$169,459
$209,230
2004
$153,459
$237,456
2015
$169,459
$208,982
2005
$157,559
$235,811
2016
$169,459
$206,378
2006
$160,659
$232,936
2017
$169,459
$202,073
2007
$160,659
$226,486
2018
$169,459
$197,255
2008
$164,759
$223,677
2019
$173,900
$198,822
2009
$169,459
$230,879
2020
$173,900
$196,399
2010
$169,459
$227,154
2021
$173,900
$187,586
2011
$169,459
$220,203
2022
$203,700
$203,700
Source: 2 U.S.C. 4571 note, 2 U.S.C. 4575, CRS calculations. Detailed information about data sources is
available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
Congressional Research Service

5

Staff Pay, Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2001-FY2021

Table 2. FY2021 Median Pay in Constant, 2022 Dollars, and Changes in Pay for
Selected Staff In Senators’ Offices, Members Of Congress, and Selected General
Schedule Employees, Selected Periods
FY2021 Pay,
FY20-
FY17-
FY12-
FY07-
FY01-
Constant 22$
FY21
FY21
FY21
FY21
FY21

Administrative Director
$141,631
3.39%
4.92%
5.40%
6.90%
30.73%
Caseworker
$55,880
-8.81%
-16.89%
-4.66%
-13.63%
7.99%
Chief of Staff
$185,052
-3.56%
-7.17%
-13.05%
-17.18%
-15.58%
Communications Director
$143,958
-1.36%
4.71%
-2.45%
7.92%
6.29%
Constituent Services Rep.
$55,214
3.67%
-7.66%
9.91%
0.57%
7.28%
Deputy Chief of Staff
$163,769
-4.27%




Deputy Press Secretary
$57,795
0.40%




Executive Assistant
$88,239
-0.16%
21.97%
-18.40%
-22.51%
-10.39%
Field Representative
$57,994
-8.68%
-13.30%
-14.12%
-13.00%
-13.83%
Legislative Aide
$58,511
-1.30%




Legislative Assistant
$86,904
0.04%
7.59%
-6.49%
-8.10%
-1.21%
Legislative Correspondent
$51,977
-0.12%
4.50%
15.65%
7.74%
9.14%
Legislative Director
$151,493
-3.39%
-6.06%
-8.27%
-7.16%
-4.06%
Press Assistant
$54,814
9.26%




Press Secretary
$89,602
7.76%
0.57%
20.75%
5.62%
-17.40%
Regional Director
$80,874
-1.41%




Regional Representative
$59,004
2.86%




Scheduler
$86,746
14.71%
-17.30%
-9.12%
0.03%
4.64%
Scheduling Director
$106,512
1.75%




Speechwriter
$88,169
14.99%




Staff Assistant
$47,797
-4.13%
6.39%
13.32%
-12.49%
1.28%
State Director
$150,665
2.46%
-6.34%
2.98%
8.66%
16.37%

Upper Quartile

Table 2. FY2025 Median Pay, 2026 dollars, and Changes in Pay for Selected Staff in Senators' Offices, Members of Congress, and Selected General Schedule Employees

Position

FY25 Pay, '26$

FY24-FY25

FY21-FY25

FY16-FY25

FY11-FY25

FY06-FY25

FY01-FY25

Administrative Director

$161,282

1.44%

-0.72%

8.62%

2.52%

13.24%

29.79%

Caseworker

$73,704

7.66%

15.00%

12.35%

1.86%

0.35%

24.19%

Chief of Staff

$227,901

0.34%

7.37%

-2.14%

-8.53%

-11.79%

-9.35%

Communications Director

$160,940

-1.52%

-2.53%

0.47%

0.83%

-2.97%

3.60%

Constituent Services Dir.

$111,331

4.72%

Constituent Services Rep.

$65,261

-0.64%

3.05%

10.52%

11.81%

3.02%

10.55%

Deputy Chief of Staff

$200,173

5.76%

6.57%

Deputy Comms Director

$108,095

-0.23%

Deputy Press Secretary

$69,855

0.14%

5.38%

Deputy Scheduler

$75,663

5.56%

Digital Director

$90,784

-1.01%

Field Representative

$82,840

13.05%

24.54%

25.68%

3.37%

15.09%

7.31%

Legislative Aide

$71,897

-3.45%

7.13%

Legislative Assistant

$93,124

0.34%

-6.57%

-7.42%

-10.03%

-6.37%

-7.71%

Legislative Correspondent

$68,551

10.27%

14.99%

25.66%

26.01%

23.00%

25.50%

Legislative Director

$176,778

2.40%

1.74%

-7.66%

-7.51%

-7.93%

-2.40%

Press Assistant

$71,012

12.07%

12.95%

Press Secretary

$97,311

3.91%

-5.31%

1.79%

6.93%

-7.19%

-21.79%

Regional Director

$87,975

-9.26%

-5.16%

Regional Representative

$74,221

-0.41%

9.67%

Scheduler

$103,755

5.82%

4.28%

9.10%

-2.66%

-2.44%

9.12%

Scheduling Director

$124,504

-1.84%

1.91%

Staff Assistant

$58,173

0.78%

6.11%

15.66%

12.78%

-1.37%

7.47%

State Director

$174,419

-1.51%

0.93%

-4.52%

-3.99%

4.93%

17.45%

Congressional Staff Positions Pay Change Summary

Increase

15

15

9

8

6

9

Decrease

9

5

4

5

7

4

Congressional Staff Positions Pay Change Summary

Increase
11
7
6
7
8

Decrease
11
7
8
7
6
Members of Congress, General Schedule Pay Change

2025 Pay, 2026$

2024-2025

2021-2025

2016-2025

2011-2025

2006-2025

2001-2025

MCs

$178,746

-2.56%

-15.83%

-25.45%

-30.13%

-34.04%

-34.03%

General Schedule, DC

Varies

-0.40%

-2.12%

-2.45%

-5.38%

-2.39%

4.93%

General Schedule, RUS.

Varies

-0.70%

-3.74%

-6.96%

-10.01%

-10.91%

-6.12%

Source: CRS calculations, based on pay data provided Table 3-Table 26


2021 Pay,
2020-
2017-
2012-
2007-
2001-
Constant 2022$
2021
2021
2021
2021
2021
MCs
$185,158
-4.49%
-9.54%
-15.27%
-19.41%
-21.62%
General Schedule, DC
Varies
-3.53%
-1.05%
-1.32%
-0.07%
7.21%
General Schedule, Rest of U.S.
Varies
-3.53%
-2.87%
-4.58%
-6.51%
-2.47%
Congressional Research Service

6

link to page 11 link to page 33 link to page 6 Staff Pay, Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2001-FY2021

Source: CRS calculations, based on pay data provided in Table 3-Table 25 for congressional positions in
constant, 2022 dol arsfor congressional positions in 2026 dollars (excludes speechwriter for which there are no FY25 data); CRS Report 97-1011, ; CRS Report 97-1011, Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables, ,
for Members of Congress; and the Office of Personnel Management for federal civilian workers in the District of for Members of Congress; and the Office of Personnel Management for federal civilian workers in the District of
Columbia and surrounding areas and rest of the U.S. localities, various years. Nominal Member pay in Columbia and surrounding areas and rest of the U.S. localities, various years. Nominal Member pay in 20222026 is is
$174,000. General Schedule pay varies$174,000. General Schedule pay varies by grade, step and locality, but percentage changes are consistent within , but percentage changes are consistent within
each locality. each locality. Excludes data for Counsel, for which no 2021"—" indicates data are data are available. “—“ indicates data are unavailable.
Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”

Congressional Research Service

7




Table 3. Administrative Director


Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022
50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile Median
75 %ile
Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY01
10
$46,340
$61,630
$66,542
$73,599
$76,500
$66,200
$75,449
$100,344 $108,341 $119,831
$124,554
$107,784
FY07
19
$65,453
$82,515
$95,271 $106,660
$126,242
$95,393
$91,024
$114,752 $132,491 $148,330
$175,562
$132,661
FY12
25
$58,000
$90,000 $107,000 $115,816
$135,521
$104,323
$72,842
$113,031 $134,381 $145,453
$170,201
$131,020
Most Recent Five Years
FY17
25
$63,667
$100,937 $114,750 $128,875
$160,192
$114,516
$74,894
$118,738 $134,986 $151,602
$188,441
$134,711
FY18
25
$72,510
$102,840 $114,778 $126,262
$161,458
$113,389
$83,264
$118,091 $131,799 $144,987
$185,403
$130,205
FY19
24
$37,216
$101,923 $117,401 $133,666
$169,459
$116,830
$41,975
$114,956 $132,413 $150,757
$191,127
$131,769
FY20
25
$55,746
$102,376 $122,954 $136,446
$172,790
$120,576
$62,108
$114,059 $136,985 $152,017
$192,509
$134,336
FY21
25
$87,446
$122,944 $133,096 $149,755
$173,900
$135,154
$93,054
$130,829 $141,631 $159,359
$185,052
$143,821
Change
FY20-FY21
3.39%
FY17-FY21
4.92%
FY12-FY21
5.40%
FY07-FY21
6.90%
FY01-FY21 30.73%


Dol ars in figures
are
in thousands.


Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col atedunavailable. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. Table 3. Administrative Director

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY01

10

$46,340

$61,630

$66,542

$73,599

$76,500

$66,200

$86,537

$115,091

$124,264

$137,442

$142,859

$123,624

FY06

22

$38,597

$65,829

$86,821

$103,084

$124,264

$84,438

$63,318

$107,992

$142,430

$169,108

$203,855

$138,520

FY11

25

$54,375

$86,000

$107,000

$120,000

$153,506

$104,195

$79,946

$126,444

$157,320

$176,434

$225,698

$153,196

FY16

25

$40,625

$82,276

$107,752

$123,750

$154,035

$101,903

$55,980

$113,374

$148,480

$170,525

$212,256

$140,420

Most Recent Five Years

FY21

25

$87,446

$122,945

$133,096

$149,755

$173,900

$135,154

$106,729

$150,056

$162,446

$182,779

$212,248

$164,958

FY22

25

$71,898

$119,500

$136,533

$147,524

$185,442

$133,988

$81,250

$135,045

$154,294

$166,714

$209,565

$151,418

FY23

25

$71,662

$140,000

$149,033

$167,717

$210,000

$151,141

$77,782

$151,956

$161,761

$182,040

$227,934

$164,048

FY24

25

$123,580

$139,167

$150,798

$163,021

$219,042

$152,022

$130,291

$146,724

$158,987

$171,874

$230,937

$160,278

FY25

25

$30,833

$140,539

$157,000

$171,526

$224,750

$154,085

$31,674

$144,373

$161,282

$176,204

$230,880

$158,288

Change

FY24-FY25

1.44%

FY21-FY25

-0.72%

FY16-FY25

8.62%

FY11-FY25

2.52%

FY06-FY25

13.24%

FY01-FY25

29.79%

Dollars in figures are in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as collated
by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay
for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars2026 dollars in thousands of in thousands of dol arsdollars, or change in those levels, are presented in , or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
CRS-8




Table 4. Caseworker


Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022
50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY01
25
$23,227
$27,873
$31,781
$39,900
$61,039
$34,342
$37,817
$45,381 $51,745 $64,964
$99,382
$55,914
FY07
23
$26,833
$39,785
$46,521
$57,823
$76,000
$48,518
$37,317
$55,328 $64,696 $80,414 $105,692 $67,474
FY12
25
$21,333
$37,520
$46,667
$50,761
$85,000
$47,647
$26,792
$47,122 $58,609 $63,751 $106,751 $59,840
Most Recent Five Years
FY17
21
$35,000
$41,958
$57,156
$68,523
$87,500
$56,058
$41,172
$49,358 $67,236 $80,608 $102,930 $65,944
FY18
22
$31,000
$43,437
$48,000
$64,850
$70,000
$51,829
$35,597
$49,879 $55,119 $74,467
$80,381
$59,515
FY19
18
$41,250
$50,991
$64,235
$71,875
$90,000
$63,324
$46,524
$57,511 $72,448 $81,065 $101,508 $71,421
FY20
23
$34,862
$47,502
$55,000
$68,285
$92,500
$58,711
$38,840
$52,923 $61,277 $76,078 $103,056 $65,411
FY21
22
$37,000
$43628
$52,512
$69,079
$96,887
$57,503
$39,373
$46,426 $55,880 $73,508 $103,101 $61,191
Change
FY20-FY21
-8.81%
FY17-FY21 -16.89%
FY12-FY21
-4.66%
FY07-FY21 -13.63%
FY01-FY21
7.99%
Dol arssolid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. Table 4. Caseworker

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY01

25

$23,227

$27,873

$31,781

$39,900

$61,039

$34,342

$43,375

$52,050

$59,350

$74,511

$113,987

$64,131

FY06

25

$27,318

$37,125

$44,771

$49,923

$75,438

$46,457

$44,815

$60,903

$73,446

$81,898

$123,755

$76,212

FY11

16

$33,828

$41,061

$49,213

$62,820

$85,000

$52,746

$49,737

$60,371

$72,357

$92,363

$124,974

$77,552

FY16

25

$23,355

$39,583

$47,607

$62,955

$86,458

$50,554

$32,183

$54,545

$65,602

$86,750

$119,137

$69,662

Most Recent Five Years

FY21

22

$37,000

$43,628

$52,512

$69,079

$96,887

$57,503

$45,159

$53,249

$64,092

$84,312

$118,253

$70,184

FY22

21

$39,000

$54,053

$65,000

$76,000

$112,756

$65,809

$44,073

$61,084

$73,455

$85,886

$127,423

$74,369

FY23

18

$41,542

$59,620

$62,977

$73,430

$113,542

$67,361

$45,089

$64,712

$68,355

$79,701

$123,238

$73,114

FY24

19

$46,125

$59,941

$64,935

$76,634

$102,500

$69,916

$48,630

$63,196

$68,461

$80,795

$108,066

$73,712

FY25

17

$47,709

$63,500

$71,747

$78,699

$98,000

$72,705

$49,011

$65,232

$73,704

$80,845

$100,673

$74,688

Change

FY24-FY25

7.66%

FY21-FY25

15.00%

FY16-FY25

12.35%

FY11-FY25

1.86%

FY06-FY25

0.35%

FY01-FY25

24.19%

Dollars in figures are
in figures are
in thousands.in thousands.


Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as , as col atedcollated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay
for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars2026 dollars in thousands of in thousands of dol arsdollars, or change in those levels, are presented in , or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
CRS-9




Table 5. Chief of Staff

Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022

50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY01
25
$103,657 $124,270 $134,630 $138,000
$139,609
$130,841
$168,769 $202,332 $219,199 $224,686 $227,306 $213,029
FY07
25
$138,871 $153,093 $160,659 $160,659
$160,659
$156,287
$193,125 $212,904 $223,426 $223,426 $223,426 $217,346
FY12
25
$140,417 $168,000 $169,459 $169,459
$169,459
$166,399
$176,349 $210,991 $212,823 $212,823 $212,823 $208,981
Most Recent Five Years
FY17
25
$126,775 $165,743 $169,459 $169,459
$169,459
$165,680
$149,132 $194,972 $199,343 $199,343 $199,343 $194,898
FY18
25
$143,815 $166,957 $169,459 $169,459
$169,459
$166,646
$165,143 $191,717 $194,590 $194,590 $194,590 $191,360
FY19
25
$155,877 $169,027 $169,459 $169,459
$169,459
$167,912
$175,809 $190,639 $191,127 $191,127 $191,127 $189,382
FY20
25
$161,196 $169,459 $172,235 $172,790
$172,790
$170,278
$179,592 $188,798 $191,890 $192,509 $192,509 $189,711
FY21
25
$127,000 $173,039 $173,900 $173,900
$173,900
$170,145
$135,144 $184,136 $185,052 $185,052 $185,052 $181,056
Change
FY20-FY21
-3.56%
FY17-FY21
-7.17%
FY12-FY21 -13.05%
FY07-FY21 -17.18%
FY01-FY21 -15.58%


Dol arssolid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. Table 5. Chief of Staff

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY01

25

$103,657

$124,270

$134,630

$138,000

$139,609

$130,841

$193,573

$232,067

$251,413

$257,707

$260,712

$244,337

FY06

25

$130,600

$147,657

$157,486

$159,884

$160,659

$152,445

$214,249

$242,231

$258,355

$262,289

$263,560

$250,086

FY11

25

$138,500

$165,557

$169,459

$169,459

$169,459

$166,692

$203,634

$243,416

$249,153

$249,153

$249,153

$245,085

FY16

25

$154,500

$166,000

$169,000

$169,459

$169,459

$166,857

$212,897

$228,744

$232,878

$233,510

$233,510

$229,924

Most Recent Five Years

FY21

25

$127,000

$173,039

$173,900

$173,900

$173,900

$170,145

$155,006

$211,198

$212,248

$212,248

$212,248

$207,665

FY22

25

$135,000

$176,056

$180,245

$184,768

$190,042

$178,949

$152,561

$198,957

$203,691

$208,802

$214,763

$202,227

FY23

25

$137,750

$186,956

$196,988

$207,200

$210,000

$193,327

$149,514

$202,923

$213,811

$224,895

$227,934

$209,837

FY24

25

$159,143

$199,408

$215,437

$218,667

$219,450

$207,211

$167,785

$210,237

$227,136

$230,541

$231,367

$218,463

FY25

25

$163,536

$202,964

$221,850

$223,683

$224,750

$213,084

$167,996

$208,500

$227,901

$229,784

$230,880

$218,896

Change

FY24-FY25

0.34%

FY21-FY25

7.37%

FY16-FY25

-2.14%

FY11-FY25

-8.53%

FY06-FY25

-11.79%

FY01-FY25

-9.35%

Dollars in figures are
in figures are
in thousands.in thousands.


Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as , as col atedcollated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay
for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars2026 dollars in thousands of in thousands of dol arsdollars, or change in those levels, are presented in , or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
CRS-10




solid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. Table 6. Communications Director


Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022
50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY01
25
$42,189
$72,441
$83,186
$94,455
$128,974
$83,784
$68,690 $117,946 $135,440 $153,788 $209,991 $136,413
FY07
25
$53,068
$84,129
$95,917
$111,042
$150,942
$98,056
$73,801 $116,996 $133,390 $154,424 $209,912 $136,365
FY12
25
$91,855
$104,792 $117,500 $126,667
$147,184
$115,597
$115,361 $131,608 $147,568 $159,080 $184,848 $145,178
Most Recent Five Years
FY17
25
$92,000
$106,875 $116,875 $128,000
$155,000
$118,145
$108,224 $125,722 $137,486 $150,573 $182,334 $138,979
FY18
25
$76,717
$107,000 $119,270 $126,960
$163,275
$117,207
$88,095 $122,868 $136,958 $145,789 $187,489 $134,589
FY19
25
$94,583
$116,723 $126,320 $130,812
$169,459
$125,887
$106,677 $131,648 $142,472 $147,539 $191,127 $141,984
FY20
25
$57,000
$110,667 $131,000 $139,564
$172,790
$126,869
$63,505 $123,296 $145,950 $155,491 $192,509 $141,347
FY21
25
$65,968
$121,293 $135,283 $153,742
$173,900
$135,837
$70,199 $129,071 $143,958 $163,601 $185,052 $144,548
Change
FY20-FY21
-1.36%
FY17-FY21
4.71%
FY12-FY21
-2.45%
FY07-FY21
7.92%
FY01-FY21
6.29%


Dol ars

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY01

25

$42,189

$72,441

$83,186

$94,455

$128,974

$83,784

$78,785

$135,280

$155,345

$176,389

$240,852

$156,461

FY06

25

$74,431

$90,043

$101,108

$112,080

$152,000

$103,309

$122,104

$147,715

$165,867

$183,867

$249,355

$169,478

FY11

25

$90,000

$100,000

$108,562

$124,750

$168,547

$113,114

$132,325

$147,028

$159,617

$183,418

$247,812

$166,309

FY16

25

$75,344

$105,871

$116,250

$127,500

$148,750

$116,696

$103,822

$145,888

$160,190

$175,692

$204,974

$160,805

Most Recent Five Years

FY21

25

$65,968

$121,293

$135,283

$153,742

$173,900

$135,837

$80,516

$148,040

$165,115

$187,645

$212,248

$165,791

FY22

25

$88,917

$123,637

$133,667

$160,152

$181,677

$138,517

$100,483

$139,720

$151,054

$180,985

$205,310

$156,535

FY23

25

$113,500

$136,967

$149,535

$176,193

$210,000

$155,828

$123,193

$148,664

$162,305

$191,240

$227,934

$169,135

FY24

25

$104,958

$140,925

$155,000

$168,102

$219,450

$158,036

$110,658

$148,578

$163,417

$177,231

$231,367

$166,618

FY25

25

$101,500

$140,498

$156,666

$165,727

$224,750

$155,455

$104,268

$144,330

$160,940

$170,248

$230,880

$159,695

Change

FY24-FY25

-1.52%

FY21-FY25

-2.53%

FY16-FY25

0.47%

FY11-FY25

0.83%

FY06-FY25

-2.97%

FY01-FY25

3.60%

Dollars in figures are
in figures are
in thousands.in thousands.


Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as , as col atedcollated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay
for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars2026 dollars in thousands of in thousands of dol arsdollars, or change in those levels, are presented in , or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
CRS-11




Table 7. Constituent Service Representative


Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022
50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY01
19
$23,802
$26,801
$31,611
$37,367
$45,180
$31,778
$38,754
$43,636 $51,467 $60,840
$73,561
$51,740
FY07
25
$25,688
$31,844
$39,478
$43,704
$55,548
$38,268
$35,724
$44,285 $54,901 $60,779
$77,250
$53,218
FY12
25
$30,000
$34,000
$40,000
$49,000
$87,465
$44,672
$37,677
$42,700 $50,236 $61,539 $109,847 $56,104
Most Recent Five Years
FY17
25
$30,900
$44,456
$50,833
$54,187
$83,325
$49,863
$36,349
$52,296 $59,797 $63,743
$98,019
$58,657
FY18
25
$36,154
$41,310
$51,980
$56,500
$64,167
$49,749
$41,516
$47,436 $59,689 $64,879
$73,683
$57,127
FY19
25
$27,000
$40,000
$48,393
$55,000
$75,728
$48,905
$30,452
$45,114 $54,581 $62,033
$85,411
$55,158
FY20
25
$32,687
$41,800
$47,802
$52,000
$77,883
$48,928
$36,417
$46,570 $53,257 $57,934
$86,771
$54,511
FY21
25
$25,731
$46,547
$51,886
$60,000
$84,866
$54,466
$27,381
$49,532 $55,214 $63,848
$90,308
$57,958
Change
FY20-FY21
3.67%
FY17-FY21
-7.66%
FY12-FY21
9.91%
FY07-FY21
0.57%
FY01-FY21
7.28%


Dol ars in figures are
in thousands.


Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col atedsolid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. Table 7. Constituent Services Director

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY22

25

$48,725

$81,585

$90,312

$102,271

$130,375

$91,685

$55,063

$92,198

$102,060

$115,574

$147,334

$103,611

FY23

25

$69,688

$84,667

$94,979

$110,409

$168,562

$100,616

$75,639

$91,897

$103,090

$119,838

$182,958

$109,209

FY24

25

$64,924

$87,267

$100,833

$110,000

$144,483

$103,020

$68,450

$92,006

$106,309

$115,974

$152,329

$108,614

FY25

25

$87,958

$98,936

$108,375

$121,950

$144,720

$112,144

$90,357

$101,635

$111,331

$125,276

$148,668

$115,202

Change

FY24-FY25

4.72%

Dollars in figures are in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 2026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, are presented in solid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026.

Table 8. Constituent Service Representative

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY01

19

$23,802

$26,801

$31,611

$37,367

$45,180

$31,778

$44,449

$50,048

$59,031

$69,781

$84,371

$59,344

FY06

25

$27,459

$34,498

$38,616

$46,125

$58,789

$40,340

$45,047

$56,594

$63,349

$75,668

$96,442

$66,177

FY11

25

$25,126

$34,567

$39,699

$45,000

$87,450

$42,471

$36,943

$50,823

$58,368

$66,163

$128,576

$62,445

FY16

25

$26,659

$38,806

$42,852

$46,500

$69,229

$43,881

$36,735

$53,474

$59,050

$64,076

$95,397

$60,467

Most Recent Five Years

FY21

25

$25,731

$46,547

$51,886

$60,000

$84,866

$54,466

$31,405

$56,811

$63,328

$73,231

$103,581

$66,476

FY22

25

$24,999

$50,755

$58,250

$63,875

$72,830

$56,381

$28,251

$57,357

$65,827

$72,184

$82,304

$63,715

FY23

25

$42,385

$51,127

$59,183

$66,880

$87,223

$60,480

$46,005

$55,494

$64,238

$72,592

$94,672

$65,645

FY24

25

$39,000

$55,468

$62,298

$69,804

$93,663

$63,988

$41,118

$58,480

$65,681

$73,595

$98,749

$67,463

FY25

25

$49,211

$57,000

$63,528

$74,043

$97,464

$66,957

$50,553

$58,555

$65,261

$76,062

$100,122

$68,783

Change

FY24-FY25

-0.64%

FY21-FY25

3.05%

FY16-FY25

10.52%

FY11-FY25

11.81%

FY06-FY25

3.02%

FY01-FY25

10.55%

Dollars in figures are in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as collated
by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay
for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars2026 dollars in thousands of in thousands of dol arsdollars, or change in those levels, are presented in , or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
CRS-12



Table 8. Counsel


Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022
50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY01
15
$25,000
$61,723
$69,875
$74,691
$93,833
$67,125
$40,704 $100,495 $113,767 $121,609 $152,776 $109,291
FY07
21
$45,000
$77,556
$88,167
$109,759
$145,000
$92,050
$62,581 $107,856 $122,612 $152,639 $201,649 $128,012
FY12
25
$49,750
$72,000
$80,868
$97,455
$151,275
$87,312
$62,481
$90,425 $101,562 $122,394 $189,986 $109,655
Most Recent Five Years
FY17
25
$66,500
$84,728
$88,535
$96,169
$142,271
$93,268
$78,227
$99,670 $104,148 $113,129 $167,360 $109,715
FY18
16
$55,000
$80,221
$95,172
$99,808
$114,392
$90,265
$63,157
$92,119 $109,287 $114,610 $131,357 $103,652
FY19
13
$73,750
$87,500
$97,583
$112,805
$145,500
$100,285
$83,180
$98,688 $110,061 $127,229 $164,105 $113,108
FY20
16
$67,125
$84,625
$95,003
$104,940
$135,800
$95,611
$74,785
$94,283 $105,845 $116,916 $151,298 $106,522
FY21


























Dol ars in figure are
in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col atedsolid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. Table 9. Deputy Chief of Staff

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY21

25

$122,000

$142,631

$153,900

$168,207

$173,900

$154,392

$148,903

$174,084

$187,838

$205,299

$212,248

$188,438

FY22

25

$123,500

$151,527

$162,583

$172,746

$189,879

$159,880

$139,565

$171,237

$183,732

$195,217

$214,579

$180,678

FY23

21

$125,625

$170,634

$180,854

$195,262

$208,875

$179,001

$136,354

$185,207

$196,299

$211,937

$226,713

$194,288

FY24

25

$119,161

$169,193

$179,521

$193,471

$219,450

$181,112

$125,632

$178,381

$189,270

$203,977

$231,367

$190,947

FY25

25

$61,583

$177,125

$194,858

$203,750

$224,750

$184,852

$63,263

$181,956

$200,173

$209,307

$230,880

$189,893

Change

FY24-FY25

5.76%

FY21-FY25

6.57%

Dollars in figures are in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay for
by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median
payfor the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars2026 dollars in thousands of in thousands of dol arsdollars, or change in those levels, are presented in , or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
CRS-13



Table 9. Deputy Chief of Staff


Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022
50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY19
23
$74,580
$129,996 $142,635 $157,619
$169,459
$141,236
$84,116 $146,618 $160,873 $177,773 $191,127 $159,296
FY20
25
$90,652
$132,262 $153,554 $167,290
$172,790
$149,209
$100,997 $147,356 $171,078 $186,381 $192,509 $166,238
FY21
25
$122,000
$142,631 $153,900 $168,207
$173,900
$154,392
$129,824 $151,778 $163,769 $178,994 $185,052 $164,293
Change
FY20-FY21
-4.27%










Dol ars in figure are
in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col atedsolid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. Table 10. Deputy Communications Director

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY24

16

$86,196

$97,104

$102,767

$115,102

$129,084

$106,550

$90,877

$102,377

$108,347

$121,353

$136,094

$112,337

FY25

13

$94,415

$99,541

$105,225

$112,596

$123,670

$106,726

$96,990

$102,256

$108,095

$115,667

$127,044

$109,637

Change

FY24-FY25

-0.23%

Dollars in figures are in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as collated
by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay
for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars2026 dollars in thousands of in thousands of dol arsdollars, or change in those levels, are presented in , or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”

CRS-14



Table 10. Deputy Press Secretary


Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022
50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY19
17
$40,038
$45,125
$49,225
$59,151
$101,625
$54,144
$45,157
$50,895 $55,519 $66,714 $114,619 $61,068
FY20
23
$44,750
$48,994
$51,667
$58,556
$71,399
$54,123
$49,857
$54,585 $57,563 $65,238
$79,548
$60,299
FY21
12
$46,875
$50,469
$54,312
$58,809
$64,667
$54,636
$49,881
$53,705 $57,795 $62,581
$68,814
$58,140
Change
FY20-FY21
0.40%










Dol ars in figure are
in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col atedsolid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. Table 11. Deputy Press Secretary

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY21

12

$46,875

$50,469

$54,312

$58,809

$64,667

$54,636

$57,212

$61,598

$66,289

$71,778

$78,927

$66,684

FY22

17

$47,000

$52,697

$58,354

$61,917

$83,750

$59,338

$53,114

$59,552

$65,945

$69,971

$94,644

$67,056

FY23

16

$48,069

$59,836

$64,741

$68,640

$105,018

$65,444

$52,175

$64,946

$70,270

$74,502

$113,986

$71,033

FY24

13

$53,667

$62,000

$66,162

$73,125

$95,417

$68,983

$56,581

$65,367

$69,755

$77,096

$100,598

$72,730

FY25

11

$59,375

$64,889

$68,000

$74,000

$89,435

$70,159

$60,994

$66,659

$69,855

$76,018

$91,874

$72,072

Change

FY24-FY25

0.14%

FY21-FY25

5.38%

Dollars in figures are in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as collated
by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay
for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars2026 dollars in thousands of in thousands of dol arsdollars, or change in those levels, are presented in , or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”

CRS-15




Table 11. Executive Assistant


Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022
50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY01
25
$36,000
$51,486
$60,480
$79,529
$124,583
$65,378
$58,613
$83,828 $98,471 $129,486 $202,841 $106,446
FY07
25
$37,176
$65,000
$81,880
$91,568
$160,659
$83,038
$51,700
$90,394 $113,869 $127,342 $223,426 $115,480
FY12
25
$37,500
$52,500
$86,106
$112,000
$169,459
$88,823
$47,096
$65,935 $108,140 $140,661 $212,823 $111,553
Most Recent Five Years
FY17
19
$36,750
$48,099
$61,500
$100,426
$169,459
$79,059
$43,231
$56,582 $72,345 $118,136 $199,343
$93,001
FY18
18
$38,250
$57,811
$67,946
$79,018
$169,459
$78,477
$43,923
$66,385 $78,022 $90,737 $194,590
$90,116
FY19
16
$48,542
$64,658
$70,054
$92,169
$169,459
$82,536
$54,748
$72,925 $79,012 $103,954 $191,127
$93,090
FY20
14
$54,514
$62,584
$79,327
$82,359
$172,790
$83,146
$60,736
$69,726 $88,380 $91,758 $192,509
$92,635
FY21
10
$50,392
$60,088
$82,921
$136,437
$173,900
$99,488
$53,623
$63,941 $88,239 $145,187 $185,052 $105,868
Change
FY20-FY21
-0.16%
FY17-FY21
21.97%
FY12-FY21 -18.40%
FY07-FY21 -22.51%
FY01-FY21 -10.39%


Dol arssolid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. Table 12. Deputy Scheduler

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY23

10

$43,833

$56,046

$59,027

$61,945

$70,167

$58,888

$47,577

$60,832

$64,068

$67,235

$76,159

$63,918

FY24

10

$48,750

$60,820

$67,986

$79,883

$100,000

$70,478

$51,397

$64,123

$71,678

$84,221

$105,431

$74,305

FY25

10

$57,625

$64,376

$73,654

$79,120

$103,542

$75,826

$59,197

$66,132

$75,663

$81,278

$106,366

$77,894

Change

FY24-FY25

5.56%

Dollars in figures are in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as collated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on 2026 dollars in thousands of dollars, or change in those levels, are presented in solid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026.

Table 13. Digital Director

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY22

10

$53,768

$61,786

$68,701

$72,771

$97,208

$69,406

$60,762

$69,824

$77,638

$82,237

$109,853

$78,435

FY23

15

$41,127

$61,566

$73,493

$80,543

$103,625

$72,696

$44,639

$66,823

$79,770

$87,421

$112,475

$78,904

FY24

24

$49,667

$76,836

$86,988

$93,306

$114,381

$83,753

$52,364

$81,008

$91,711

$98,373

$120,592

$88,302

FY25

16

$61,052

$79,350

$88,374

$95,476

$105,107

$86,065

$62,717

$81,515

$90,784

$98,080

$107,974

$88,412

Change

FY24-FY25

-1.01%

Dollars in figures are
in figures are
in thousands.in thousands.


Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as , as col atedcollated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay
for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars2026 dollars in thousands of in thousands of dol arsdollars, or change in those levels, are presented in , or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
CRS-16




Table 12. Field Representative


Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022
50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY01
25
$20,519
$35,839
$41,337
$48,744
$70,466
$42,290
$33,408
$58,351 $67,302 $79,363 $114,730 $68,854
FY07
25
$19,562
$40,882
$47,931
$58,339
$76,250
$49,139
$27,205
$56,854 $66,657 $81,131 $106,039 $68,337
FY12
25
$31,750
$47,489
$53,768
$68,000
$79,670
$55,790
$39,875
$59,642 $67,527 $85,401 $100,058 $70,067
Most Recent Five Years
FY17
25
$37,691
$48,375
$56,863
$68,437
$87,500
$58,369
$44,338
$56,906 $66,891 $80,506 $102,931 $68,663
FY18
25
$38,083
$47,000
$56,000
$70,625
$93,042
$60,296
$43,731
$53,970 $64,305 $81,099 $106,840 $69,238
FY19
25
$23,967
$52,558
$62,750
$72,311
$100,417
$62,478
$27,032
$59,278 $70,773 $81,557 $113,257 $70,467
FY20
25
$20,939
$52,059
$57,000
$68,375
$101,358
$58,466
$23,329
$58,000 $63,505 $76,178 $112,925 $65,138
FY21
25
$21,000
$38,000
$54,499
$69,533
$91,850
$54,368
$22,347
$40,437 $57,994 $73,992
$97,740
$57,854
Change
FY20-FY21
-8.68%
FY17-FY21 -13.30%
FY12-FY21 -14.12%
FY07-FY21 -13.00%
FY01-FY21 -13.83%


Dol arssolid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. Table 14. Field Representative

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY01

25

$20,519

$35,839

$41,337

$48,744

$70,466

$42,290

$38,318

$66,926

$77,194

$91,027

$131,592

$78,973

FY06

25

$29,199

$36,312

$43,875

$56,167

$73,075

$47,152

$47,902

$59,570

$71,977

$92,141

$119,879

$77,352

FY11

25

$32,250

$47,636

$54,504

$61,750

$74,927

$54,968

$47,417

$70,038

$80,136

$90,790

$110,164

$80,819

FY16

24

$33,476

$41,076

$47,833

$69,750

$98,125

$55,119

$46,129

$56,601

$65,913

$96,114

$135,214

$75,952

Most Recent Five Years

FY21

25

$21,000

$38,000

$54,499

$69,533

$91,850

$54,368

$25,631

$46,380

$66,517

$84,867

$112,104

$66,357

FY22

25

$40,642

$53,458

$70,511

$81,167

$116,070

$69,535

$45,929

$60,412

$79,683

$91,725

$131,168

$78,580

FY23

25

$40,770

$57,333

$67,685

$82,500

$95,500

$69,645

$44,252

$62,230

$73,465

$89,546

$103,656

$75,593

FY24

25

$35,324

$56,000

$69,505

$80,842

$102,292

$69,186

$37,242

$59,041

$73,280

$85,232

$107,847

$72,943

FY25

25

$43,582

$64,510

$80,641

$92,204

$107,174

$77,954

$44,771

$66,270

$82,840

$94,719

$110,097

$80,081

Change

FY24-FY25

13.05%

FY21-FY25

24.54%

FY16-FY25

25.68%

FY11-FY25

3.37%

FY06-FY25

15.09%

FY01-FY25

7.31%

Dollars in figures are
in figures are
in thousands.in thousands.


Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as , as col atedcollated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay
for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars2026 dollars in thousands of in thousands of dol arsdollars, or change in those levels, are presented in , or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
CRS-17



Table 13. Legislative Aide


Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022
50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY19
25
$37,292
$47,089
$52,049
$59,936
$72,409
$53,781
$42,060
$53,110 $58,704 $67,600
$81,667
$60,658
FY20
25
$43,811
$50,961
$53,208
$55,601
$76,113
$54,659
$48,811
$56,776 $59,281 $61,946
$84,800
$60,896
FY21
25
$44,872
$49,633
$54,985
$61,412
$74,188
$56,028
$47,750
$52,816 $58,511 $65,351
$78,946
$59,621
Change
FY20-FY21
-1.30%










Dol ars in figure are
in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col atedsolid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. Table 15. Legislative Aide

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY21

25

$44,872

$49,633

$54,985

$61,412

$74,188

$56,028

$54,767

$60,578

$67,110

$74,955

$90,548

$68,383

FY22

25

$41,700

$54,250

$59,883

$67,143

$115,125

$64,591

$47,124

$61,307

$67,673

$75,877

$130,101

$72,993

FY23

25

$51,333

$61,833

$66,583

$72,187

$92,357

$67,742

$55,717

$67,114

$72,270

$78,352

$100,245

$73,527

FY24

25

$53,667

$65,250

$70,629

$75,422

$90,000

$70,238

$56,581

$68,793

$74,464

$79,517

$94,887

$74,053

FY25

25

$57,872

$65,949

$69,988

$76,555

$93,454

$70,844

$59,450

$67,748

$71,897

$78,643

$96,003

$72,777

Change

FY24-FY25

-3.45%

FY21-FY25

7.13%

Dollars in figures are in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as collated
by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay
for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars2026 dollars in thousands of in thousands of dol arsdollars, or change in those levels, are presented in , or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”

CRS-18




Table 14. Legislative Assistant


Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022
50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY01
25
$31,916
$46,440
$54,032
$65,250
$83,533
$55,641
$51,964
$75,612 $87,972 $106,237 $136,004 $90,593
FY07
25
$40,333
$49,000
$68,000
$74,250
$128,270
$64,727
$56,091
$68,143 $94,566 $103,258 $178,383 $90,015
FY12
25
$46,667
$60,750
$74,000
$81,000
$120,828
$73,228
$58,609
$76,296 $92,936 $101,728 $151,748 $91,967
Most Recent Five Years
FY17
25
$44,420
$55,000
$68,667
$87,875
$120,901
$71,667
$52,254
$64,699 $80,776 $103,372 $142,222 $84,305
FY18
25
$53,333
$65,500
$76,000
$84,254
$122,901
$76,770
$61,243
$75,214 $87,271 $96,749 $141,127 $88,155
FY19
25
$56,752
$65,893
$76,125
$88,048
$112,655
$77,656
$64,008
$74,318 $85,859 $99,306 $127,060 $87,586
FY20
25
$56,250
$74,000
$77,970
$87,735
$104,001
$80,594
$62,669
$82,445 $86,868 $97,747 $115,870 $89,792
FY21
25
$57,750
$73,129
$81,667
$89,000
$102,185
$81,011
$61,453
$77,818 $86,904 $94,707 $108,738 $86,207
Change
FY20-FY21
0.04%
FY17-FY21
7.59%
FY12-FY21
-6.49%
FY07-FY21
-8.10%
FY01-FY21
-1.21%


Dol arssolid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. Table 16. Legislative Assistant

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY01

25

$31,916

$46,440

$54,032

$65,250

$83,533

$55,641

$59,601

$86,724

$100,901

$121,850

$155,992

$103,907

FY06

25

$35,376

$53,750

$60,625

$68,000

$129,356

$64,299

$58,034

$88,176

$99,455

$111,553

$212,209

$105,482

FY11

25

$46,042

$61,333

$70,396

$76,292

$112,078

$70,272

$67,694

$90,177

$103,502

$112,170

$164,786

$103,319

FY16

25

$50,667

$60,000

$73,000

$79,619

$106,383

$71,792

$69,817

$82,678

$100,592

$109,714

$146,593

$98,928

Most Recent Five Years

FY21

25

$57,750

$73,129

$81,667

$89,000

$102,185

$81,011

$70,485

$89,255

$99,676

$108,626

$124,719

$98,876

FY22

25

$61,958

$72,063

$85,000

$101,000

$124,605

$88,307

$70,018

$81,437

$96,057

$114,138

$140,813

$99,795

FY23

25

$58,750

$77,200

$85,000

$97,916

$134,500

$88,352

$63,767

$83,793

$92,259

$106,278

$145,986

$95,897

FY24

25

$74,288

$84,027

$88,025

$101,393

$179,224

$94,697

$78,322

$88,590

$92,805

$106,900

$188,957

$99,839

FY25

25

$70,041

$83,948

$90,651

$96,233

$122,308

$90,908

$71,951

$86,237

$93,124

$98,858

$125,644

$93,388

Change

FY24-FY25

0.34%

FY21-FY25

-6.57%

FY16-FY25

-7.42%

FY11-FY25

-10.03%

FY06-FY25

-6.37%

FY01-FY25

-7.71%

Dollars in figures are
in figures are
in thousands.in thousands.


Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as , as col atedcollated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay
for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars2026 dollars in thousands of in thousands of dol arsdollars, or change in those levels, are presented in , or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
CRS-19




Table 15. Legislative Correspondent


Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022
50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY01
25
$22,344
$27,496
$29,250
$32,500
$41,250
$30,560
$36,379
$44,768 $47,624 $52,915
$67,161
$49,757
FY07
25
$30,337
$32,408
$34,689
$39,119
$44,500
$36,061
$42,190
$45,069 $48,242 $54,403
$61,885
$50,150
FY12
25
$29,250
$33,250
$35,786
$40,800
$53,417
$37,616
$36,735
$41,759 $44,943 $51,241
$67,086
$47,243
Most Recent Five Years
FY17
25
$30,000
$39,000
$42,281
$45,156
$62,250
$42,879
$35,291
$45,877 $49,737 $53,120
$73,228
$50,441
FY18
25
$33,855
$38,400
$42,389
$45,687
$52,458
$42,409
$38,876
$44,095 $48,675 $52,462
$60,238
$48,698
FY19
25
$40,000
$43,605
$45,178
$48,679
$62,374
$46,650
$45,114
$49,180 $50,955 $54,904
$70,350
$52,615
FY20
25
$37,327
$44,333
$46,711
$51,374
$78,001
$49,221
$41,587
$49,393 $52,042 $57,236
$86,902
$54,838
FY21
25
$33,000
$46,062
$48,845
$51,345
$71,367
$49,819
$35,116
$49,016 $51,977 $54,638
$75,944
$53,014
Change
FY20-FY21
-0.12%
FY17-FY21
4.50%
FY12-FY21
15.65%
FY07-FY21
7.74%
FY01-FY21
9.14%


Dol arssolid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. Table 17. Legislative Correspondent

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY01

25

$22,344

$27,496

$29,250

$32,500

$41,250

$30,560

$41,725

$51,347

$54,623

$60,692

$77,032

$57,069

FY06

25

$26,823

$30,500

$33,973

$38,360

$47,070

$34,706

$44,004

$50,035

$55,732

$62,930

$77,218

$56,936

FY11

25

$31,500

$34,251

$37,000

$39,063

$51,250

$37,460

$46,314

$50,359

$54,401

$57,434

$75,352

$55,078

FY16

25

$34,265

$37,348

$39,589

$43,650

$45,500

$39,947

$47,216

$51,464

$54,552

$60,148

$62,698

$55,046

Most Recent Five Years

FY21

25

$33,000

$46,062

$48,845

$51,345

$71,367

$49,819

$40,277

$56,220

$59,616

$62,667

$87,105

$60,805

FY22

25

$40,750

$51,333

$53,882

$60,001

$83,667

$55,885

$46,051

$58,011

$60,892

$67,806

$94,550

$63,154

FY23

25

$43,333

$52,481

$57,552

$62,292

$115,181

$59,199

$47,034

$56,963

$62,467

$67,611

$125,018

$64,255

FY24

25

$45,612

$55,337

$58,966

$65,750

$84,121

$60,599

$48,089

$58,343

$62,168

$69,321

$88,689

$63,890

FY25

25

$51,077

$60,500

$66,731

$71,833

$84,404

$66,550

$52,471

$62,150

$68,551

$73,792

$86,706

$68,365

Change

FY24-FY25

10.27%

FY21-FY25

14.99%

FY16-FY25

25.66%

FY11-FY25

26.01%

FY06-FY25

23.00%

FY01-FY25

25.50%

Dollars in figures are
in figures are
in thousands.in thousands.


Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as , as col atedcollated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay
for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars2026 dollars in thousands of in thousands of dol arsdollars, or change in those levels, are presented in , or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
CRS-20




Table 16. Legislative Director


Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022
50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY01
25
$70,417
$90,429
$96,988
$106,671
$138,459
$97,697
$114,649 $147,233 $157,912 $173,677 $225,433 $159,067
FY07
25
$76,166 $102,917 $117,333 $127,061
$146,601
$114,607
$105,923 $143,124 $163,173 $176,702 $203,876 $159,382
FY12
25
$99,667 $128,000 $131,500 $144,000
$169,459
$133,606
$125,171 $160,755 $165,151 $180,850 $212,823 $167,795
Most Recent Five Years
FY17
25
$104,667 $125,000 $137,083 $146,007
$168,679
$136,547
$123,125 $147,044 $161,258 $171,755 $198,425 $160,627
FY18
25
$97,122 $130,001 $147,188 $150,588
$169,459
$141,493
$111,525 $149,280 $169,017 $172,921 $194,590 $162,477
FY19
25
$99,555 $119,583 $135,394 $147,500
$169,459
$135,919
$112,285 $134,874 $152,706 $166,360 $191,127 $153,299
FY20
25
$102,265 $128,458 $140,750 $158,725
$166,945
$141,886
$113,935 $143,118 $156,813 $176,839 $185,997 $158,079
FY21
25
$122,800 $130,000 $142,364 $150,356
$173,900
$141,986
$130,675 $138,337 $151,493 $159,998 $185,052 $151,091
Change
FY20-FY21
-3.39%
FY17-FY21
-6.06%
FY12-FY21
-8.27%
FY07-FY21
-7.16%
FY01-FY21
-4.06%


Dol arssolid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. Table 18. Legislative Director

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY01

25

$70,417

$90,429

$96,988

$106,671

$138,459

$97,697

$131,499

$168,871

$181,120

$199,202

$258,564

$182,444

FY06

25

$87,083

$102,358

$117,038

$132,000

$152,430

$118,402

$142,860

$167,917

$192,000

$216,545

$250,061

$194,239

FY11

25

$96,458

$119,167

$130,000

$136,088

$169,459

$129,435

$141,821

$175,209

$191,137

$200,087

$249,153

$190,306

FY16

25

$101,375

$125,380

$138,923

$151,167

$165,647

$138,102

$139,692

$172,771

$191,433

$208,304

$228,258

$190,302

Most Recent Five Years

FY21

25

$122,800

$130,000

$142,364

$150,356

$173,900

$141,986

$149,880

$158,667

$173,758

$183,512

$212,248

$173,296

FY22

25

$110,545

$141,833

$146,292

$162,299

$173,900

$150,153

$124,925

$160,283

$165,321

$183,411

$196,521

$169,685

FY23

25

$118,125

$154,733

$165,000

$179,571

$202,000

$165,305

$128,213

$167,948

$179,091

$194,906

$219,251

$179,422

FY24

25

$132,083

$155,375

$163,750

$187,169

$217,779

$171,146

$139,256

$163,813

$172,642

$197,333

$229,606

$180,440

FY25

25

$140,039

$164,000

$172,084

$182,319

$217,983

$174,008

$143,859

$168,473

$176,778

$187,292

$223,929

$178,754

Change

FY24-FY25

2.40%

FY21-FY25

1.74%

FY16-FY25

-7.66%

FY11-FY25

-7.51%

FY06-FY25

-7.93%

FY01-FY25

-2.40%

Dollars in figures are
in figures are
in thousands.in thousands.


Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as , as col atedcollated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay
for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars2026 dollars in thousands of in thousands of dol arsdollars, or change in those levels, are presented in , or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
CRS-21



Table 17. Press Assistant


Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022
50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY19
14
$34,000
$38,830
$43,010
$46,060
$49,408
$42,863
$38,347
$43,795 $48,510 $51,949
$55,725
$48,343
FY20
20
$39,167
$42,709
$45,028
$49,889
$54,224
$45,828
$43,636
$47,583 $50,167 $55,582
$60,412
$51,058
FY21
10
$36,667
$49,907
$51,511
$56,106
$77,076
$52,836
$39,018
$53,108 $54,814 $59,704
$82,018
$56,224
Change
FY20-FY21
9.26%










Dol ars in figure are
in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col atedsolid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. Table 19. Press Assistant

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY21

10

$36,667

$49,907

$51,511

$56,106

$77,076

$52,836

$44,752

$60,913

$62,870

$68,478

$94,072

$64,487

FY22

10

$44,958

$49,679

$52,961

$59,349

$66,922

$54,642

$50,807

$56,142

$59,850

$67,069

$75,627

$61,749

FY23

13

$49,771

$53,567

$57,610

$59,822

$67,453

$57,370

$54,021

$58,142

$62,530

$64,931

$73,214

$62,269

FY24

22

$46,125

$50,458

$60,100

$64,390

$72,879

$58,532

$48,630

$53,198

$63,364

$67,886

$76,837

$61,711

FY25

12

$55,024

$62,553

$69,127

$75,625

$81,071

$68,929

$56,525

$64,259

$71,012

$77,688

$83,282

$70,809

Change

FY24-FY25

12.07%

FY21-FY25

12.95%

Dollars in figures are in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as collated
by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay
for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars2026 dollars in thousands of in thousands of dol arsdollars, or change in those levels, are presented in , or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”

CRS-22




Table 18. Press Secretary


Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022
50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY01
25
$21,120
$48,125
$66,625
$77,143
$92,242
$64,528
$34,387
$78,355 $108,476 $125,602 $150,185 $105,062
FY07
25
$44,958
$55,250
$61,000
$76,737
$125,644
$70,928
$62,523
$76,835
$84,832 $106,717 $174,731
$98,638
FY12
25
$40,000
$52,781
$59,083
$79,000
$118,000
$64,934
$50,236
$66,288
$74,203 $99,216 $148,196
$81,551
Most Recent Five Years
FY17
25
$52,389
$66,000
$75,737
$88,000
$132,192
$79,425
$61,627
$77,639
$89,094 $103,519 $155,504
$93,432
FY18
25
$48,093
$61,197
$69,306
$87,000
$142,404
$74,966
$55,225
$70,273
$79,584 $99,902 $163,523
$86,084
FY19
25
$52,716
$73,539
$77,822
$90,211
$149,052
$82,275
$59,456
$82,942
$87,773 $101,746 $168,111
$92,795
FY20
25
$44,657
$67,740
$74,634
$84,000
$120,000
$75,842
$49,753
$75,471
$83,152 $93,586 $133,694
$84,497
FY21
25
$54,583
$63,167
$84,202
$95,000
$147,500
$83,241
$58,084
$67,217
$89,602 $101,092 $156,959
$88,579
Change
FY20-FY21
7.76%
FY17-FY21
0.57%
FY12-FY21
20.75%
FY07-FY21
5.62%
FY01-FY21 -17.40%


Dol arssolid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. Table 20. Press Secretary

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY01

25

$21,120

$48,125

$66,625

$77,143

$92,242

$64,528

$39,440

$89,871

$124,418

$144,061

$172,257

$120,503

FY06

25

$38,667

$55,040

$63,917

$69,385

$112,446

$65,042

$63,432

$90,293

$104,855

$113,825

$184,468

$106,702

FY11

24

$46,808

$54,250

$61,896

$76,507

$110,591

$65,442

$68,821

$79,763

$91,004

$112,486

$162,601

$96,219

FY16

25

$53,771

$65,937

$69,375

$76,856

$132,125

$75,205

$74,095

$90,860

$95,597

$105,905

$182,065

$103,631

Most Recent Five Years

FY21

25

$54,583

$63,167

$84,202

$95,000

$147,500

$83,241

$66,620

$77,096

$102,770

$115,949

$180,026

$101,597

FY22

25

$41,995

$70,067

$80,837

$98,334

$147,750

$85,747

$47,458

$79,182

$91,353

$111,126

$166,969

$96,901

FY23

25

$65,000

$79,428

$85,953

$90,500

$175,187

$91,515

$70,551

$86,211

$93,294

$98,229

$190,149

$99,331

FY24

25

$65,638

$81,106

$88,826

$99,889

$188,433

$92,655

$69,203

$85,511

$93,649

$105,314

$198,666

$97,687

FY25

16

$57,167

$90,418

$94,727

$103,879

$224,750

$100,919

$58,726

$92,884

$97,311

$106,713

$230,880

$103,671

Change

FY24-FY25

3.91%

FY21-FY25

-5.31%

FY16-FY25

1.79%

FY11-FY25

6.93%

FY06-FY25

-7.19%

FY01-FY25

-21.79%

Dollars in figures are
in figures are
in thousands.in thousands.


Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as , as col atedcollated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay
for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars2026 dollars in thousands of in thousands of dol arsdollars, or change in those levels, are presented in , or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
CRS-23



Table 19. Regional Director


Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022
50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY19
25
$45,979
$63,000
$73,437
$79,638
$129,742
$74,207
$51,858
$71,056 $82,827 $89,821 $146,332 $83,695
FY20
25
$52,791
$64,158
$73,625
$81,952
$121,000
$75,459
$58,815
$71,480 $82,027 $91,305 $134,809 $84,070
FY21
25
$51,678
$70,829
$76,000
$87,631
$125,500
$78,983
$54,992
$75,371 $80,874 $93,250 $133,548 $84,049
Change
FY20-FY21
-1.41%










Dol ars in figure are
in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col atedsolid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. Table 21. Regional Director

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY21

25

$51,678

$70,829

$76,000

$87,631

$125,500

$78,983

$63,074

$86,448

$92,759

$106,955

$153,175

$96,401

FY22

24

$52,500

$69,422

$81,086

$89,922

$138,230

$82,613

$59,329

$78,452

$91,634

$101,619

$156,212

$93,360

FY23

25

$62,958

$72,701

$78,734

$96,419

$133,556

$85,178

$68,335

$78,910

$85,458

$104,653

$144,962

$92,453

FY24

25

$49,667

$84,355

$91,958

$105,500

$140,295

$95,909

$52,364

$88,936

$96,951

$111,229

$147,914

$101,118

FY25

25

$49,058

$81,000

$85,639

$98,917

$126,998

$89,157

$50,396

$83,209

$87,975

$101,615

$130,462

$91,589

Change

FY24-FY25

-9.26%

FY21-FY25

-5.16%

Dollars in figures are in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as collated
by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay
for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars2026 dollars in thousands of in thousands of dol arsdollars, or change in those levels, are presented in , or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”

CRS-24



Table 20. Regional Representative


Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022
50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY19
11
$48,193
$50,583
$59,019
$62,198
$80,203
$59,296
$54,355
$57,051 $66,566 $70,151
$90,459
$66,878
FY20
11
$38,000
$47,143
$51,485
$75,312
$99,455
$60,762
$42,337
$52,523 $57,361 $83,907 $110,805 $67,696
FY21
12
$47,500
$53,291
$55,448
$64,268
$100,636
$61,863
$50,546
$56,708 $59,004 $68,389 $107,090 $65,831
Change
FY20-FY21
2.86%










Dol ars in figure are
in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col atedsolid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. Table 22. Regional Representative

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY21

12

$47,500

$53,291

$55,448

$64,268

$100,636

$61,863

$57,974

$65,043

$67,675

$78,440

$122,828

$75,505

FY22

11

$56,667

$58,316

$62,705

$72,157

$100,318

$68,723

$64,038

$65,901

$70,862

$81,543

$113,367

$77,662

FY23

12

$37,000

$60,875

$66,027

$70,941

$95,258

$65,945

$40,160

$66,074

$71,666

$76,999

$103,393

$71,577

FY24

13

$41,167

$63,979

$70,690

$81,750

$111,206

$87,714

$43,402

$67,454

$74,529

$86,189

$117,245

$92,477

FY25

14

$60,916

$66,375

$72,250

$80,913

$114,000

$76,223

$62,577

$68,185

$74,221

$83,120

$117,109

$78,302

Change

FY24-FY25

-0.41%

FY21-FY25

9.67%

Dollars in figures are in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as collated
by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay
for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars2026 dollars in thousands of in thousands of dol arsdollars, or change in those levels, are presented in , or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”

CRS-25




Table 21. Scheduler


Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022
50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY01
25
$29,690
$42,167
$50,917
$54,670
$75,308
$50,705
$48,341
$68,654 $82,900 $89,011 $122,613
$82,556
FY07
25
$29,021
$50,667
$62,357
$67,695
$106,447
$61,579
$40,359
$70,461 $86,719 $94,142 $148,034
$85,636
FY12
25
$38,792
$64,250
$76,000
$84,250
$135,000
$77,970
$48,718
$80,691 $95,448 $105,809 $169,546
$97,923
Most Recent Five Years
FY17
15
$45,335
$71,778
$89,167
$98,415
$140,632
$87,838
$53,330
$84,436 $104,891 $115,770 $165,432 $103,329
FY18
20
$45,268
$67,356
$81,076
$93,322
$151,993
$84,916
$51,981
$77,345 $93,100 $107,162 $174,534
$97,509
FY19
25
$36,750
$58,750
$73,977
$96,000
$129,333
$75,611
$41,449
$66,262 $83,436 $108,275 $145,871
$85,279
FY20
25
$46,478
$57,500
$67,875
$96,000
$162,000
$78,420
$51,782
$64,062 $75,621 $106,956 $180,488
$87,370
FY21
17
$50,042
$76,625
$81,518
$115,000
$169,563
$94,346
$53,251
$81,539 $86,746 $122,375 $180,437 $100,396
Change
FY20-FY21
14.71%
FY17-FY21 -17.30%
FY12-FY21
-9.12%
FY07-FY21
0.03%
FY01-FY21
4.64%


Dol arssolid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. Table 23. Scheduler

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY01

25

$29,690

$42,167

$50,917

$54,670

$75,308

$50,705

$55,445

$78,744

$95,084

$102,093

$140,633

$94,689

FY06

25

$44,026

$51,354

$64,825

$71,792

$102,673

$64,998

$72,225

$84,246

$106,345

$117,774

$168,434

$106,628

FY11

25

$38,000

$60,000

$72,500

$81,480

$159,333

$76,168

$55,871

$88,217

$106,595

$119,799

$234,265

$111,988

FY16

20

$39,716

$56,775

$69,017

$88,068

$137,897

$74,235

$54,728

$78,235

$95,103

$121,355

$190,019

$102,294

Most Recent Five Years

FY21

17

$50,042

$76,625

$81,518

$115,000

$169,563

$94,346

$61,077

$93,522

$99,495

$140,359

$206,955

$115,151

FY22

21

$64,546

$81,208

$90,642

$112,000

$188,800

$103,448

$72,943

$91,772

$102,432

$126,569

$213,359

$116,905

FY23

13

$80,750

$83,556

$88,697

$109,625

$206,467

$102,664

$87,646

$90,692

$96,272

$118,987

$224,099

$111,432

FY24

25

$69,167

$85,000

$93,000

$107,375

$203,700

$99,221

$72,923

$89,616

$98,050

$113,206

$214,762

$104,609

FY25

18

$67,902

$89,744

$101,000

$113,684

$169,750

$103,984

$69,754

$92,191

$103,755

$116,785

$174,380

$106,820

Change

FY24-FY25

5.82%

FY21-FY25

4.28%

FY16-FY25

9.10%

FY11-FY25

-2.66%

FY06-FY25

-2.44%

FY01-FY25

9.12%

Dollars in figures are
in figures are
in thousands.in thousands.


Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as , as col atedcollated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay
for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars2026 dollars in thousands of in thousands of dol arsdollars, or change in those levels, are presented in , or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
CRS-26



Table 22. Scheduling Director


Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022
50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY19
25
$74,135
$79,231
$85,864
$102,211
$133,500
$92,633
$83,615
$89,362
$96,844 $115,280 $150,570 $104,477
FY20
22
$79,848
$87,888
$93,957 $104,813
$117,358
$95,894
$88,960
$97,918 $104,680 $116,774 $130,752 $106,838
FY21
23
$82,584
$93,583
$100,093 $111,125
$122,917
$102,268
$87,881
$99,585 $106,512 $118,251 $130,799 $108,827
Change
FY20-FY21
1.75%










Dol ars in figure are
in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col ated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay
for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars in thousands of dol ars, or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”

CRS-27



Table 23. Speechwriter


Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022
50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY19
11
$74,135
$78,945
$85,328
$101,269
$133,500
$92,582
$83,615
$89,039 $96,239 $114,218 $150,570 $104,420
FY20
15
$40,000
$61,812
$68,822
$79,920
$123,068
$73,068
$44,565
$68,866 $76,676 $89,040 $137,113
$81,407
FY21
11
$46,667
$69,583
$82,856
$100,500
$117,825
$83,389
$49,659
$74,045 $88,169 $106,945 $125,381
$88,737
Change
FY20-FY21
14.99%










Dol ars in figure are
in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as col atedsolid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. Table 24. Scheduling Director

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY21

23

$82,584

$93,583

$100,093

$111,125

$122,917

$102,268

$100,796

$114,220

$122,166

$135,630

$150,022

$124,821

FY22

18

$62,000

$105,347

$111,017

$116,925

$136,000

$107,798

$70,065

$119,051

$125,458

$132,135

$153,691

$121,820

FY23

25

$75,750

$101,067

$117,167

$125,068

$141,000

$113,013

$82,219

$109,698

$127,173

$135,749

$153,041

$122,665

FY24

25

$85,163

$107,882

$120,300

$127,772

$154,400

$115,367

$89,788

$113,741

$126,833

$134,710

$162,785

$121,632

FY25

20

$82,165

$104,180

$121,199

$129,522

$149,985

$117,548

$84,406

$107,022

$124,504

$133,054

$154,076

$120,754

Change

FY24-FY25

-1.84%

FY21-FY25

1.91%

Dollars in figures are in thousands.

Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as collated
by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay
for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars2026 dollars in thousands of in thousands of dol arsdollars, or change in those levels, are presented in , or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”

CRS-28




Table 24. Staff Assistant


Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022
50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY01
25
$22,000
$26,875
$28,985
$33,008
$51,275
$31,205
$35,819
$43,757 $47,193 $53,743
$83,484
$50,807
FY07
25
$25,962
$30,445
$39,275
$47,374
$83,998
$41,297
$36,105
$42,340 $54,619 $65,882 $116,815 $57,432
FY12
25
$22,000
$31,108
$33,583
$40,479
$72,000
$37,968
$27,630
$39,069 $42,177 $50,838
$90,425
$47,684
Most Recent Five Years
FY17
25
$32,624
$34,937
$38,192
$39,578
$46,000
$37,750
$38,377
$41,099 $44,927 $46,557
$54,112
$44,407
FY18
25
$30,000
$37,412
$40,953
$46,333
$87,950
$43,898
$34,449
$42,960 $47,027 $53,205 $100,993 $50,408
FY19
25
$31,875
$39,677
$43,875
$48,198
$134,762
$48,522
$35,951
$44,750 $49,485 $54,361 $151,993 $54,726
FY20
25
$24,154
$39,375
$44,748
$46,956
$54,212
$42,814
$26,910
$43,868 $49,855 $52,314
$60,398
$47,700
FY21
25
$21,293
$39,833
$44,917
$47,719
$90,000
$44,866
$22,658
$42,388 $47,797 $50,779
$95,772
$47,744
Change
FY20-FY21
-4.13%
FY17-FY21
6.39%
FY12-FY21
13.32%
FY07-FY21 -12.49%
FY01-FY21
1.28%


Dol arssolid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. Table 25. Staff Assistant

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY01

25

$22,000

$26,875

$28,985

$33,008

$51,275

$31,205

$41,084

$50,187

$54,128

$61,641

$95,753

$58,274

FY06

25

$22,781

$29,220

$35,954

$44,558

$84,136

$39,231

$37,373

$47,935

$58,982

$73,097

$138,025

$64,359

FY11

25

$27,668

$31,509

$35,083

$41,000

$59,300

$37,963

$40,680

$46,327

$51,582

$60,281

$87,188

$55,816

FY16

25

$24,401

$34,500

$36,500

$43,417

$64,083

$39,479

$33,624

$47,540

$50,296

$59,827

$88,305

$54,401

Most Recent Five Years

FY21

25

$21,293

$39,833

$44,917

$47,719

$90,000

$44,866

$25,988

$48,617

$54,821

$58,242

$109,847

$54,760

FY22

25

$31,013

$44,789

$49,000

$52,731

$64,665

$47,411

$35,047

$50,615

$55,374

$59,591

$73,077

$53,578

FY23

25

$34,250

$45,333

$53,792

$57,820

$70,510

$52,969

$37,175

$49,205

$58,386

$62,758

$76,531

$57,493

FY24

25

$33,543

$50,625

$54,750

$60,472

$71,688

$54,626

$35,365

$53,374

$57,723

$63,756

$75,581

$57,593

FY25

25

$34,807

$51,000

$56,629

$62,799

$70,294

$56,269

$35,757

$52,391

$58,173

$64,512

$72,211

$57,803

Change

FY24-FY25

0.78%

FY21-FY25

6.11%

FY16-FY25

15.66%

FY11-FY25

12.78%

FY06-FY25

-1.37%

FY01-FY25

7.47%

Dollars in figures are
in figures are
in thousands.in thousands.


Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as , as col atedcollated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay
for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars2026 dollars in thousands of in thousands of dol arsdollars, or change in those levels, are presented in , or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
CRS-29




Table 25. State Director


Current$, Nominal
Constant$, 2022
50 %ile
50 %ile
Year
#
Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average Minimum 25 %ile
Median
75 %ile Maximum Average
FY01
25
$56,000
$74,089
$79,521
$91,065
$122,533
$82,660
$91,177 $120,629 $129,472 $148,268 $199,504 $134,584
FY07
25
$79,146
$85,986
$99,707
$117,625
$160,659
$106,843
$110,067 $119,580 $138,661 $163,579 $223,426 $148,584
FY12
25
$83,500 $114,000 $116,500 $131,500
$169,459
$123,006
$104,868 $143,173 $146,312 $165,151 $212,823 $154,483
Most Recent Five Years
FY17
25
$105,208 $116,883 $136,750 $148,000
$169,459
$134,059
$123,762 $137,496 $160,866 $174,100 $199,343 $157,700
FY18
25
$60,750 $121,667 $139,250 $154,046
$169,459
$137,312
$69,759 $139,710 $159,901 $176,891 $194,590 $157,675
FY19
25
$99,675 $129,321 $140,299 $154,554
$169,459
$141,101
$112,420 $145,857 $158,238 $174,316 $191,127 $159,143
FY20
25
$102,525 $121,375 $131,987 $142,393
$172,790
$132,742
$114,225 $135,226 $147,050 $158,643 $192,509 $147,890
FY21
25
$103,013 $131,322 $141,585 $156,000
$173,900
$144,896
$109,619 $139,743 $150,665 $166,004 $185,052 $154,188
Change
FY20-FY21
2.46%
FY17-FY21
-6.34%
FY12-FY21
2.98%
FY07-FY21
8.66%
FY01-FY21
16.37%


Dol arssolid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. Table 26. State Director

Year

#

Nominal$

2026$

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Q1

Q2 Median

Q3

Maximum

Average

FY01

25

$56,000

$74,089

$79,521

$91,065

$122,533

$82,660

$104,577

$138,357

$148,500

$170,058

$228,824

$154,364

FY06

25

$54,398

$89,201

$101,328

$111,236

$159,755

$104,504

$89,240

$146,333

$166,228

$182,482

$262,077

$171,439

FY11

25

$81,500

$111,250

$123,557

$140,645

$169,459

$126,386

$119,828

$163,569

$181,664

$206,788

$249,153

$185,822

FY16

25

$77,042

$117,500

$132,563

$144,500

$169,459

$131,694

$106,162

$161,912

$182,669

$199,118

$233,510

$181,471

Most Recent Five Years

FY21

25

$103,013

$131,322

$141,585

$156,000

$173,900

$144,896

$125,729

$160,281

$172,808

$190,401

$212,248

$176,848

FY22

25

$101,904

$134,032

$148,458

$162,083

$190,042

$148,348

$115,160

$151,467

$167,770

$183,167

$214,763

$167,645

FY23

25

$113,333

$138,000

$156,389

$167,418

$210,000

$153,842

$123,012

$149,785

$169,744

$181,716

$227,934

$166,980

FY24

25

$118,500

$148,916

$167,974

$189,116

$219,450

$168,490

$124,935

$157,003

$177,095

$199,386

$231,367

$177,640

FY25

25

$133,875

$160,000

$169,788

$192,150

$224,750

$175,285

$137,526

$164,364

$174,419

$197,391

$230,880

$180,065

Change

FY24-FY25

-1.51%

FY21-FY25

0.93%

FY16-FY25

-4.52%

FY11-FY25

-3.99%

FY06-FY25

4.93%

FY01-FY25

17.45%

Dollars in figures are
in figures are
in thousands.in thousands.


Source: Report of the Secretary of the Senate, as , as col atedcollated by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay by LegiStorm, various years, and CRS calculations. Percentage change in pay is based on the change in median pay
for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on for the periods noted. In the visualizations, position pay information based on constant 2022 dol ars2026 dollars in thousands of in thousands of dol arsdollars, or change in those levels, are presented in , or change in those levels, are presented in
solid red. Detailed information about data sources is available above in “Data Tables and Visualizations.”
CRS-30

Staff Pay, Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2001-FY2021



Author Information

R. Eric Petersen
Tyler L. Wolanin
Specialist in American National Government
Research Assistant



Acknowledgments
solid red. 2026 dollars are based on Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the first half of 2026. A number of CRS staff made substantial contributions to this report. William T. Egar, former Analyst in A number of CRS staff made substantial contributions to this report. William T. Egar, former Analyst in
American National Government, provided technical American National Government, provided technical and editorial assistance. Sandra L. Edwards, User
Support Specialist, Jonathan Passistance and authored a section of the report. Jonathan P. Kardashian, User Support Specialist, and Andrew M. Schaefer, Editor, Kardashian, User Support Specialist, and Andrew M. Schaefer, Editor,
provided formatting, editorial, and production support.provided formatting, editorial, and production support.
Previous versions of the report were supported by the following. Previous versions of the report were supported by the following. Tyler L. Wolanin, Raymond T. Williams and Lara Chausow, Raymond T. Williams and Lara Chausow,
former Research Assistants, were coauthors and collected some of the data providedformer Research Assistants, were coauthors and collected some of the data provided. Barbara L. Schwemle, Analyst in American National Government, provided technical assistance. Casey Burgat, former . Casey Burgat, former
Research Assistant, provided update support. Research Assistant, provided update support. Sandra L. Edwards, User Support Specialist, Jamie V. Lee, User Support Specialist, Michael M. McCarthy, Editor, Claudia Guidi, formerly a Michael M. McCarthy, Editor, Claudia Guidi, formerly a
User Support Specialist, and Alex Marine, former Editor, provided formatting, editorial, and production User Support Specialist, and Alex Marine, former Editor, provided formatting, editorial, and production
support. Jacobo Licona, Brian Hamel, Joe Wisniewski, and Claire Laurence, former CRS interns, collected support. Jacobo Licona, Brian Hamel, Joe Wisniewski, and Claire Laurence, former CRS interns, collected
data for this report.data for this report.

Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan
shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and
under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other
than public understanding of information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in
connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the United States Government, are not
subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be reproduced and distributed in
its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include copyrighted images or
material from a third party, you may need to obtain the permission of the copyright holder if you wish to
copy or otherwise use copyrighted material.

Congressional Research Service
R44324 · VERSION 10 · UPDATED
31

Footnotes

1. Since 2026, the minimum level of gross annual pay for staff in Senators' offices has been $3,757. The maximum annual pay for staff in a Senator's personal office has been $228,000; see 2 U.S.C. 4571 note, 2 U.S.C. 4575. Maximum payable rates for staff in a Senator's office since 2001 are available in Table 1. 2.

In this report, pay refers to monies paid by the Senate to staff, and excludes other components of total compensation, which might include paid leave or employer contributions to various insurance and retirement benefits.

3.

The Report of the Secretary of the Senate since April 2011 is available at https://www.senate.gov/legislative/common/generic/report_secsen.htm.

4.

For each year, a different, random sample of Senators' offices was taken for each position. The large random samples of positions in Senators' offices mean that a full accounting would be unlikely to yield significantly different results. At the same time, a study that examines pay data based on different job titles, or which combines pay data from positions of similar titles or duties (e.g., Legislative Assistant and Senior Legislative Assistant, or Executive Assistants, Schedulers, and Executive Assistant/Schedulers), could result in findings that are different from those provided here.

5.

U.S. Senate, Committee on Rules and Administration, Senate Handbook (Washington: 1996), p. I-13.