Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations for FY2022

Changes from February 28, 2022 to June 30, 2022

This page shows textual changes in the document between the two versions indicated in the dates above. Textual matter removed in the later version is indicated with ~~red strikethrough~~ and textual matter added in the later version is indicated with blue.

Transportation, Housing and Urban
~~February 28~~June 30, 2022 , 2022
Development, and Related Agencies
Maggie McCarty
(THUD) Appropriations for FY2022
Specialist in Housing Policy Specialist in Housing Policy

The respective House and Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related The respective House and Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related
David Randall Peterman
Agencies (THUD) Appropriations subcommittees are charged with providing annual Agencies (THUD) Appropriations subcommittees are charged with providing annual
Analyst in Transportation Analyst in Transportation
appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of Housing and appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of Housing and
Policy Policy
Urban Development (HUD), and certain related agencies. Urban Development (HUD), and certain related agencies. ~~This report describes action on~~

~~FY2022 annual appropriations for THUD, including detailed tables for each major agency and a~~
~~brief overview of selected issues.~~

~~The annual appropriations process typically begins with the release of the President’s budget request to Congress in early~~
~~February. The timing of the THUD budget request for FY2022 was affected by a presidential transition, from the~~
~~Administration of President Donald J. Trump to the Administration of President Joseph R. Biden, occurring in late January~~
~~2021. As a result of this transition, the full FY2022 budget submission was delayed until May 28, 2021. (A summary of the~~
~~request for discretionary funding was submitted to Congress on April 9, 2021). The~~ President Biden’s FY2022 budget proposed increasing discretionary budget proposed increasing discretionary
funding for THUD agencies funding for THUD agencies by 10% (+$7.5 billion) from FY2021 levels. The bulk of that increase in funding by 10% (+$7.5 billion) from FY2021 levels. The bulk of that increase in funding iswas directed to directed to
HUD (+$7.1 billion), primarily for increased funding for HUD rental assistance programs (+$6.1 billion). HUD (+$7.1 billion), primarily for increased funding for HUD rental assistance programs (+$6.1 billion).
On July 20, 2021, the House Appropriations Committee reported its version of a THUD appropriations bill (H.R. 4550; On July 20, 2021, the House Appropriations Committee reported its version of a THUD appropriations bill (H.R. 4550;
H.Rept. 117-99). It included a larger increase in funding for THUD agencies H.Rept. 117-99). It included a larger increase in funding for THUD agencies than the President’s budget request (+11.5%; +$8.7 billion over FY2021)(+11.5%; +$8.7 billion over FY2021) ~~than the~~
~~President’s budget~~. It proposed a larger increase for DOT (+7.3% over FY2021) than the President had requested (+1.6%). . It proposed a larger increase for DOT (+7.3% over FY2021) than the President had requested (+1.6%).
The text of the House Appropriations Committee-reported THUD bill was included as Division G in a broader appropriations The text of the House Appropriations Committee-reported THUD bill was included as Division G in a broader appropriations
measure, H.R. 4502, which combined the text of several appropriations bills, and was passed by the House on July 29. measure, H.R. 4502, which combined the text of several appropriations bills, and was passed by the House on July 29.
While the Senate While the Senate ~~has not~~never formally considered its own FY2022 THUD legislation, on October 18, 2021, Senator Leahy, Chair formally considered its own FY2022 THUD legislation, on October 18, 2021, Senator Leahy, Chair
of the Senate Appropriations Committee, released a majority draft of the THUD bill and accompanying draft report language. of the Senate Appropriations Committee, released a majority draft of the THUD bill and accompanying draft report language.
According to the Chair, the purpose of this release was to further negotiations toward enacting final full-year appropriations. According to the Chair, the purpose of this release was to further negotiations toward enacting final full-year appropriations.
Less than a week later, on October 21, 2021, THUD Subcommittee Chair Less than a week later, on October 21, 2021, THUD Subcommittee Chair ~~Senator~~ Schatz introduced S. 3045, the Schatz introduced S. 3045, the
Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 2022, which Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 2022, which ~~appears~~appeared to be to be
identical to the draft text released by the full committee chair. identical to the draft text released by the full committee chair.
On November 15, 2021, Congress passed H.R. 3684 (P.L. 117-59), the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA, On November 15, 2021, Congress passed H.R. 3684 (P.L. 117-59), the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA,
commonly referred to as the bipartisan infrastructure bill or bipartisan infrastructure act). Divisions A-C of this bill included commonly referred to as the bipartisan infrastructure bill or bipartisan infrastructure act). Divisions A-C of this bill included
authorizations for surface transportation programs, and Division J authorizations for surface transportation programs, and Division J ~~included~~provided $184.1 billion in a supplemental FY2022 DOT appropriations bill a supplemental FY2022 DOT appropriations bill
(as well as supplemental appropriations (as well as supplemental appropriations ~~bills~~ for many other federal agencies)for many other federal agencies) ~~providing appropriations for some DOT~~
~~programs~~; this mandatory funding was divided into five roughly equal portions, to be made available in each fiscal year between FY2022 and FY2026. .
Since final full-year FY2022 appropriations were not enacted before the start of the fiscal year on October 1, Since final full-year FY2022 appropriations were not enacted before the start of the fiscal year on October 1, 2021, a series of a series of
continuing resolutions continuing resolutions ~~have been~~were enacted to maintain government operations. enacted to maintain government operations. ~~The most recent, H.R. 6617, extends funding~~
~~through March 11, 2022.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

THUD Appropriations for FY2022

he respective House and Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and he respective House and Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and
Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations subcommittees are charged with providing Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations subcommittees are charged with providing
T annual appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of T annual appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of
Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and certain related agencies. Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and certain related agencies. ~~This report describes~~
~~action on FY2022 annual appropriations for THUD, including detailed tables for each major~~
~~agency and a brief overview of selected issues.~~
~~Current Status: Continuing Resolution~~
~~Because final FY2022 appropriations were not enacted before the start of the fiscal year on October 1,~~
~~government spending, including for those agencies typically funded under the THUD appropriations bil , has~~
~~continued under a series of continuing resolutions (CRs). The first CR was signed into law on September 30, 2021~~
~~(Division A of H.R. 5305; P.L. 117-43). It provided continuing appropriations for all 12 annual appropriations acts~~
~~(including THUD) through December 3, 2021. Division B of the act provided supplemental disaster funding,~~
~~including $2.7 bil ion for DOT and $5 bil ion for HUD Community Development Block Grant-Disaster Recovery~~
~~grants.~~
~~A second CR was enacted on December 3, 2021, extending the provisions of the first CR through February 18,~~
~~2022 (Division A of H.R. 6119; P.L. 117-70). A third CR, which modifies and extends the previous CR through~~
~~March 11, 2022, was signed into law on February 18, 2022 (P.L. 117-86)~~ Because final full-year FY2022 appropriations were not enacted before the start of the fiscal year on October 1, 2021, a series of continuing resolutions were enacted to maintain government operations. On March 9, 2022, the House, followed by the Senate the next day, passed H.R. 2471, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022; it was signed into law on March 15, 2022 (P.L. 117-103). Division L contains the Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2022. In total, it provided $81 billion in discretionary funding for THUD agencies in FY2022, an increase of 8% over FY2021. It also made available $76 billion in mandatory funding for DOT, an increase of 24% over FY2021, for a total of $157 billion in non-emergency funding for THUD agencies. DOT received $102.9 billion (18.7% over FY2021), and HUD received $53.7 billion. In addition, DOT received $39.5 billion in emergency budget authority for FY2022 from the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58) Division J supplemental, for a total net new budget authority of $142.5 billion for FY2022. That is down from $156.9 billion in new budget authority in FY2021, due to having received $70.2 billion in emergency funding in FY2021, mostly to help the aviation and transit sectors endure the economic impacts of the coronavirus epidemic. This report describes action on FY2022 annual appropriations for THUD, including detailed tables for each major agency and a brief overview of selected issues. .
FY2022 Budget Process
Appropriations for DOT, HUD, and the related agencies typically funded in the THUD bill Appropriations for DOT, HUD, and the related agencies typically funded in the THUD bill
happen in the context of the broader annual congressional appropriations process. That process happen in the context of the broader annual congressional appropriations process. That process
generally begins with the submission of the President’s budget request, followed by adoption of generally begins with the submission of the President’s budget request, followed by adoption of
congressional spending limits (generally, in a budget resolution) that set the overall level of congressional spending limits (generally, in a budget resolution) that set the overall level of
spending for that fiscal year’s appropriations bills. spending for that fiscal year’s appropriations bills.
The President’s budget request for the upcoming fiscal year is due to be submitted to Congress by The President’s budget request for the upcoming fiscal year is due to be submitted to Congress by
the first Monday in February. However, the FY2022 budget submission occurred during a the first Monday in February. However, the FY2022 budget submission occurred during a
presidential transition year—from the presidency of Donald J. Trump to Joseph R. Biden on presidential transition year—from the presidency of Donald J. Trump to Joseph R. Biden on
January 20, 2021. Recent Presidents have not submitted detailed budget proposals until April or January 20, 2021. Recent Presidents have not submitted detailed budget proposals until April or
May of their first year in office, although each has advised Congress regarding the general May of their first year in office, although each has advised Congress regarding the general
contours of their economic and budgetary policies in special messages submitted to Congress contours of their economic and budgetary policies in special messages submitted to Congress
prior to that submission.1 This delay allows time to prepare a proposal that reflects the priorities prior to that submission.1 This delay allows time to prepare a proposal that reflects the priorities
of the new administration. On April 9, of the new administration. On April 9, 2021, President Biden submitted to Congress an outline of his President Biden submitted to Congress an outline of his
discretionary funding priorities for FY2022.2 This preliminary document provided early discretionary funding priorities for FY2022.2 This preliminary document provided early
highlights for numerous policy areas. The full budget request was submitted on May 28, almost highlights for numerous policy areas. The full budget request was submitted on May 28, almost
1 CRS Insight IN11655, Budget Submission After a Presidential Transition: Contextualizing the Biden Administration’s FY2022 Request. 2 Office of Management and Budget (OMB), The President’s FY2022 Discretionary Request, April 9, 2021, at https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fy-2022-discretionary-request/. Congressional Research Service 1 link to page 7 THUD Appropriations for FY2022 four months after its due date.3 As a result, the start of annual appropriations decision-making for four months after its due date.3 As a result, the start of annual appropriations decision-making for
FY2022 also was delayed to allow time for Congress to consider this request. FY2022 also was delayed to allow time for Congress to consider this request.
The framework for budget enforcement under the congressional budget process for the past The framework for budget enforcement under the congressional budget process for the past
decade has had both statutory and procedural elements. The statutory elements have included decade has had both statutory and procedural elements. The statutory elements have included
limits on discretionary spending established by the Budget Control Act of 2011, as amended limits on discretionary spending established by the Budget Control Act of 2011, as amended
(BCA; P.L. 112-25). However, those discretionary spending limits extended only through (BCA; P.L. 112-25). However, those discretionary spending limits extended only through
FY2021, meaning no statutory limits on discretionary spending are currently in place for FY2022. FY2021, meaning no statutory limits on discretionary spending are currently in place for FY2022.

~~1 CRS Insight IN11655,~~ ~~Budget Submission After a Presidential Transition: Contextualizing the Biden Administration’s~~
~~FY2022 Request~~.
~~2 Office of Management and Budget (OMB), The President’s FY2022 Discretionary Request, April 9, 2021, at~~
~~https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fy-2022-discretionary-request/.~~
~~3 See https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

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~~link to page 5 link to page 6~~ ~~THUD Appropriations for FY2022~~

The procedural elements of budget enforcement are primarily associated with the budget The procedural elements of budget enforcement are primarily associated with the budget
resolution. They limit both total discretionary spending available to the Appropriations resolution. They limit both total discretionary spending available to the Appropriations
committees (commonly referred to as “302(a) allocations”) and spending under the jurisdiction of committees (commonly referred to as “302(a) allocations”) and spending under the jurisdiction of
each appropriations subcommittee (“302(b) suballocations”). each appropriations subcommittee (“302(b) suballocations”).
An FY2022 budget resolution An FY2022 budget resolution ~~has been~~was agreed to by the House and the Senate. S.Con.Res. 14 was agreed to by the House and the Senate. S.Con.Res. 14 was
adopted by the Senate on August 11, 2021, and by the House (without amendment) on August 24adopted by the Senate on August 11, 2021, and by the House (without amendment) on August 24.
, 2021. To provide for 302(a) allocations associated with S.Con.Res. 14, Section 4006 of the budget To provide for 302(a) allocations associated with S.Con.Res. 14, Section 4006 of the budget
resolution provided the Chair of the Senate Budget Committee the authority to enter into the resolution provided the Chair of the Senate Budget Committee the authority to enter into the
Congressional Record allocations consistent with the levels in the budget resolution. Those levels allocations consistent with the levels in the budget resolution. Those levels
were filed in the Senate on September 23, 2021.4 Section 4006 provided similar authority to the were filed in the Senate on September 23, 2021.4 Section 4006 provided similar authority to the
Chair of the House Budget Committee, and those allocations were filed on October 27, 2021.5 In Chair of the House Budget Committee, and those allocations were filed on October 27, 2021.5 In
addition, S.Con.Res. 14 allowed adjustments to those allocations for emergency requirements, addition, S.Con.Res. 14 allowed adjustments to those allocations for emergency requirements,
and other purposes. and other purposes.
Earlier in 2021, the House provided for budget enforcement in the absence of a budget resolution Earlier in 2021, the House provided for budget enforcement in the absence of a budget resolution
prior to initial floor consideration of the FY2022 appropriations measures by adopting a deeming prior to initial floor consideration of the FY2022 appropriations measures by adopting a deeming
resolution, H.Res. 467, on June 14, 2021.6 This resolution provided for 302(a) allocations to the resolution, H.Res. 467, on June 14, 2021.6 This resolution provided for 302(a) allocations to the
House Appropriations Committee at a specified level, provided limits on advance appropriations,7 House Appropriations Committee at a specified level, provided limits on advance appropriations,7
and allowed adjustments to those allocations for emergency requirements and other purposes. and allowed adjustments to those allocations for emergency requirements and other purposes.
Pursuant to this resolution, the Chair of the House Budget Committee, Representative Yarmuth, Pursuant to this resolution, the Chair of the House Budget Committee, Representative Yarmuth,
published in the published in the Congressional Record the House Appropriations Committee allocations on June the House Appropriations Committee allocations on June
2424, 2021.8 The House Appropriations Committee reported initial 302(b) suballocations for all 12 .8 The House Appropriations Committee reported initial 302(b) suballocations for all 12
subcommittees on July 1 (H.Rept. 117-78).9subcommittees on July 1 (H.Rept. 117-78).9 Table 1 shows the suballocation to the THUD shows the suballocation to the THUD
Subcommittee, compared to the comparable FY2021 enacted and President’s budget figures. Subcommittee, compared to the comparable FY2021 enacted and President’s budget figures.
~~Table 1. FY2022 THUD 302(b) Suballocations in Context~~
~~(dollars in billions)~~
~~FY2021~~
~~President’s FY2022~~
~~House~~
~~Senate~~
~~FY2022~~

~~Enacted~~
~~Request~~
~~FY2022 302(b)~~
~~FY2022 302(b)~~
~~Enacted~~
~~THUD~~
~~74.658a~~
~~82.913~~
~~84.062~~

~~Totals~~
Source: FY2021 enacted from CBO Status of Discretionary Appropriations, FY2021, February 1, 2021
~~(https://www.cbo.gov/system/files?file=2021-02/FY2021-House-2021-02-01.pdf); President’s FY2022 request~~
~~taken from Comparative Statement of Budget Authority, p. 306 of H.Rept. 117-99; House FY2022 302(b) from~~
~~H.Rept. 117-91.~~

3 See https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/. 4 “Publication of Budgetary Material,” 4 “Publication of Budgetary Material,” Congressional Record, daily edition, Vol. 167, No. 165 (September 23, 2021), , daily edition, Vol. 167, No. 165 (September 23, 2021),
pp. S6667-S6668. pp. S6667-S6668.
5 Publication of Budgetary Material,” 5 Publication of Budgetary Material,” Congressional Record, daily edition, Vol. 167, No. 189 (October 27, 2021), pp. , daily edition, Vol. 167, No. 189 (October 27, 2021), pp.
H5956-H5957. H5956-H5957.
6 For a discussion of budget enforcement through methods such as H.Res. 467, see CRS Report R44296, 6 For a discussion of budget enforcement through methods such as H.Res. 467, see CRS Report R44296, Deeming
Resolutions: Budget Enforcement in the Absence of a Budget Resolution. .
7 7 Advance appropriations become available for obligation one or more fiscal years after the budget year covered by the become available for obligation one or more fiscal years after the budget year covered by the
appropriations actappropriations act. The FY2022 LHHS appropriations bill generally would contain advance appropriations for FY2023 The FY2022 LHHS appropriations bill generally would contain advance appropriations for FY2023
and FY2024 for certain programs and activities. For further information, see CRS Report R43482, and FY2024 for certain programs and activities. For further information, see CRS Report R43482, Advance
Appropriations, Forward Funding, and Advance Funding: Concepts, Practice, and Budget Process Considerations. .
8 “Publication of Budgetary Material,” 8 “Publication of Budgetary Material,” Congressional Record, daily edition, Vol. 167, No. 110 (June 24, 2021), p. , daily edition, Vol. 167, No. 110 (June 24, 2021), p.
H3130. H3130.
9 Suballocations are commonly adjusted through the appropriations cycle to account for changing priorities. For 9 Suballocations are commonly adjusted through the appropriations cycle to account for changing priorities. For
FY2022, the House Appropriations Committee reported revised suballocations on July 16 (H.Rept. 117-91). FY2022, the House Appropriations Committee reported revised suballocations on July 16 (H.Rept. 117-91).
Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

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link to page 7 THUD Appropriations for FY2022 Table 1. FY2022 THUD 302(b) Suballocations in Context (dollars in billions) FY2021 President’s FY2022 House Senate FY2022 Enacted Request FY2022 302(b) FY2022 302(b) Enacted THUD 74.658a 82.913 84.062 — 81.038 Totals Source: FY2021 enacted from CBO Status of Discretionary Appropriations, FY2021, February 1, 2021 (https://www.cbo.gov/system/files?file=2021-02/FY2021-House-2021-02-01.pdf); President’s FY2022 request taken from Comparative Statement of Budget Authority, p. 306 of H.Rept. 117-99; House FY2022 302(b) from H.Rept. 117-91. Final FY2022 figure taken from the funding tables included in the explanatory statement accompanying the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, as published in the Congressional Record on March 9, 2022, beginning on page H3184. ~~THUD Appropriations for FY2022~~

a. An additional $718 mil ion provided for THUD by P.L. 116-260 was deemed an emergency requirement, a. An additional $718 mil ion provided for THUD by P.L. 116-260 was deemed an emergency requirement,
and is thus excluded for purposes of calculating the total subject to discretionary spending limits under the and is thus excluded for purposes of calculating the total subject to discretionary spending limits under the
BCA, as amended, and is not shown in this table. BCA, as amended, and is not shown in this table.
FY2022 THUD Appropriations Process
Two factors Two factors ~~make~~made the FY2022 THUD appropriations process different than in most years. One the FY2022 THUD appropriations process different than in most years. One is
was the ongoing the ongoing ~~Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)~~COVID-19 pandemic. The FY2021 Consolidated pandemic. The FY2021 Consolidated
Appropriations Act provided supplemental coronavirus relief funding, including $27 billion for Appropriations Act provided supplemental coronavirus relief funding, including $27 billion for
DOT in FY2021. Additionally, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2) DOT in FY2021. Additionally, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2)
appropriated $54 billion in mandatory COVID-19 relief and response via programs and activities appropriated $54 billion in mandatory COVID-19 relief and response via programs and activities
typically funded in the THUD appropriations bill. These funds affected total spending on typically funded in the THUD appropriations bill. These funds affected total spending on
activities normally funded by the THUD appropriations bill, but were provided outside of the activities normally funded by the THUD appropriations bill, but were provided outside of the
annual appropriations process, and thus are outside the scope of this report. (For more annual appropriations process, and thus are outside the scope of this report. (For more
information on ARPA funding, see Appendix A-1 of CRS Report R46465, information on ARPA funding, see Appendix A-1 of CRS Report R46465, Transportation,
Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations for FY2021.) .)
Second, the Biden Administration announced a proposed infrastructure investment package— Second, the Biden Administration announced a proposed infrastructure investment package—
referred to as the American Jobs Plan—that would referred to as the American Jobs Plan—that would ~~provide~~have provided significant additional funding for significant additional funding for
housing and transportation programs and activities. housing and transportation programs and activities. ~~Portions~~A portion of that package was included in the IIJA, which ~~of that package, the Infrastructure~~
~~Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58),~~ was enacted on November 15, 2021; Division J of was enacted on November 15, 2021; Division J of
the act provided supplemental emergency appropriations for FY2022 for a number of agencies, the act provided supplemental emergency appropriations for FY2022 for a number of agencies,
including (in Title VIII) $36.8 billion for DOT. Other provisions from the American Jobs Plan including (in Title VIII) $36.8 billion for DOT. Other provisions from the American Jobs Plan
were included in the Build Back Better Act, which proposes nearly $150 billion in additional were included in the Build Back Better Act, which proposes nearly $150 billion in additional
mandatory funding for various HUD-administered housing programs and activities. The Build mandatory funding for various HUD-administered housing programs and activities. The Build
Back Better Act passed the House (H.R. 5376), butBack Better Act passed the House (H.R. 5376), but ~~has~~, as of the cover date of this report, had not been considered by the Senate. not been considered by the Senate.
These additional mandatory funds are outside of the regular annual appropriations process, and These additional mandatory funds are outside of the regular annual appropriations process, and
are thus not discussed in this report. (For more information about the American Jobs Plan, see are thus not discussed in this report. (For more information about the American Jobs Plan, see
https://www.whitehouse.gov/american-jobs-plan/.) https://www.whitehouse.gov/american-jobs-plan/.)
President’s Budget
~~The President’s FY2022 budget proposed~~On May 28, 2021, the President’s FY2022 budget request was released. It included an increase of 10% (+$7.5 billion) in discretionary an increase of 10% (+$7.5 billion) in discretionary
funding for THUD agencies relative to FY2021, with HUD proposed to receive the vast majority funding for THUD agencies relative to FY2021, with HUD proposed to receive the vast majority
of that increased funding (+$7.1 billion). (For more information about the President’s budget of that increased funding (+$7.1 billion). (For more information about the President’s budget
request for HUD, see CRS Report R46849, request for HUD, see CRS Report R46849, Department of Housing and Urban Development
(HUD): FY2022 Budget Request Fact Sheet.) .)
Congressional Research Service 3 THUD Appropriations for FY2022 House Action
The House Committee on Appropriations ordered reported its FY2022 THUD appropriations bill The House Committee on Appropriations ordered reported its FY2022 THUD appropriations bill
on July 16, on July 16, 2021, following subcommittee markup on July 12. The bill was reported as H.R. 4550, following subcommittee markup on July 12. The bill was reported as H.R. 4550,
accompanied by H.Rept. 117-99, on July 20. It included a larger increase in funding for THUD accompanied by H.Rept. 117-99, on July 20. It included a larger increase in funding for THUD
agencies than requested by the President (+$8.6 billion, +11.5% relative to FY2021). agencies than requested by the President (+$8.6 billion, +11.5% relative to FY2021).
The text of H.R. 4550, as reported, was included in an amended version of H.R. 4502 that The text of H.R. 4550, as reported, was included in an amended version of H.R. 4502 that
combined several other appropriations acts for House floor consideration (THUD is Division combined several other appropriations acts for House floor consideration (THUD is Division
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~~link to page 8~~ ~~THUD Appropriations for FY2022~~

G).10 A number of THUD-related amendments were approved before the bill was passed by the G).10 A number of THUD-related amendments were approved before the bill was passed by the
House on July 29House on July 29, 2021. Senate Action .
~~Senate Action~~

~~The FY2022 THUD bill has not received subcommittee, full committee, or initial floor action in~~
~~the Senate.~~ Senator Leahy, Chair of the Senate Appropriations Committee, released a majority Senator Leahy, Chair of the Senate Appropriations Committee, released a majority
~~draft of each of the outstanding appropriations bills, including the THUD bill, and accompanying~~
~~draft report language~~draft and accompanying draft report language for each of the FY2022 appropriations bills (including THUD) on October 18, 2021. According to the Chair, the purpose of this release was on October 18, 2021. According to the Chair, the purpose of this release was
to further negotiations toward final enactment of FY2022 full-year appropriations.11 On October to further negotiations toward final enactment of FY2022 full-year appropriations.11 On October
21, Senator Schatz, Chair of the Senate Appropriations THUD Subcommittee, introduced an 21, Senator Schatz, Chair of the Senate Appropriations THUD Subcommittee, introduced an
FY2022 THUD bill (S. 3045).This bill, which appears identical to the Chair’s draft, was referred FY2022 THUD bill (S. 3045).This bill, which appears identical to the Chair’s draft, was referred
to the to the Senate Appropriations Committee, but was never considered in committee.12 Continuing Resolutions Because final FY2022 appropriations were not enacted before the start of the fiscal year on October 1, government spending, including for those agencies typically funded under the THUD appropriations bill, were continued under a series of continuing resolutions (CRs). The first CR was signed into law on September 30, 2021 (Division A of H.R. 5305; P.L. 117-43). It provided continuing appropriations for all 12 annual appropriations acts (including THUD) through December 3, 2021. Division B of the act provided supplemental disaster funding, including $2.7 billion for DOT and $5 billion for HUD Community Development Block Grant-Disaster Recovery grants. A second CR was enacted on December 3, 2021, extending the provisions of the first CR through February 18, 2022 (Division A of H.R. 6119; P.L. 117-70). A third CR, which modified and extended the previous CR through March 11, 2022, was signed into law on February 18, 2022 (P.L. 117-86). As Congress was considering final full year appropriations, it enacted a last CR (H.J.Res. 75; P.L. 117-95), which extended the prior CR through March 15~~Senate Appropriations Committee. Because these draft figures released by the Chair may~~
~~be used for purposes of negotiations on FY2022 full-year appropriations, they are provided in this~~
~~report, although they are labeled “draft.”~~
~~Return of Earmarks~~
~~In the 112th Congress (2011-2012), the House and Senate began observing what has been referred to as an~~
~~“earmark moratorium" or "earmark ban,” which was articulated in party rules and committee protocols. This ban~~
~~limited the ability of directing spending, tax, or tariff benefits to specific entities outside of statutory or~~
~~administrative formulas or competitive award processes. Prior to the instatement of the earmark ban, accounts in~~
~~both DOT’s and HUD’s budget were frequent sources of congressionally directed spending, or earmarks. The~~
~~earmark ban was effectively lifted in the 117th Congress, although earmark disclosure requirements adopted by~~
~~both the House and the Senate during the 110th Congress remain in effect.~~
~~For a list of disclosed earmarks contained in the FY2022 House Appropriations Committee-reported THUD bil —~~
~~referred to as congressionally-requested projects—see “Incorporation of Community Project Funding” table,~~
~~beginning on p. 167 of H.Rept. 117-99. A similar list is also available in the Senate Appropriations Committee~~
~~Chair’s draft report on p. 196 (available at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/~~
~~THUDREPT_FINAL4.pdf).~~
~~For more information about earmark disclosure rules, see CRS Report RS22866,~~ ~~Earmark Disclosure Rules in the~~
~~House: Member and Committee Requirements~~.

~~Table 2~~ ~~tracks FY2022 THUD funding at the bill title level~~. .

10 House Committee On Rules, “Amendment Process Announcement for LHHS, Agriculture, Energy and Water, 10 House Committee On Rules, “Amendment Process Announcement for LHHS, Agriculture, Energy and Water,
FSGG, Interior, Environment, MilCon/VA, and THUD Appropriations Act, 2022,” press release, July 17, 2021, at FSGG, Interior, Environment, MilCon/VA, and THUD Appropriations Act, 2022,” press release, July 17, 2021, at
https://rules.house.gov/news/announcement/amendment-process-announcement-lhhs-agriculture-energy-and-water-https://rules.house.gov/news/announcement/amendment-process-announcement-lhhs-agriculture-energy-and-water-
fsgg-interior. fsgg-interior.
11 The text of the Senate majority draft THUD bill and accompanying committee report is linked to the press release, 11 The text of the Senate majority draft THUD bill and accompanying committee report is linked to the press release,
“Chairman Leahy Releases Remaining Nine Senate Appropriations Bills,” October 18, 2021, at “Chairman Leahy Releases Remaining Nine Senate Appropriations Bills,” October 18, 2021, at
https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/majority/chairman-leahy-releases-remaining-nine-senate-appropriations-https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/majority/chairman-leahy-releases-remaining-nine-senate-appropriations-
bills. See also “Shelby: Democrats’ Partisan Bills Threaten FY22 Appropriations Process,” October 18, 2021, bills. See also “Shelby: Democrats’ Partisan Bills Threaten FY22 Appropriations Process,” October 18, 2021,
https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/shelby-democrats-partisan-bills-threaten-fy22-appropriations-process.https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/shelby-democrats-partisan-bills-threaten-fy22-appropriations-process. 12 Because the draft figures released by the Chair may have been used for purposes of negotiations on FY2022 full-year appropriations, they are provided in this report, although they are labeled “draft.”
Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

4 4

link to page link to page ~~8 link to page 8 link to page 8 link to page 8 link to page 8 link to page 8 link to page 9 link to page 9 link to page 9 link to page 9~~ ~~THUD Appropriations for FY2022~~

~~Table 2. THUD Appropriations by Bill Title, FY2021-FY2022~~
~~(dollars in millions)~~
~~FY2022~~
~~Senate~~
~~Cmte.~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2022~~
~~Chair~~
~~FY2022~~

~~FY2021 Enacted~~
~~Request~~
~~House~~
~~Draft~~
~~Enacted~~
~~Title I: DOT~~
~~86,709~~
~~87,047~~
~~105,740~~
~~90,453~~

~~Discretionary~~
~~25,317~~
~~25,728~~
~~27,175~~
~~29,127~~

~~Mandatory~~
~~61,392~~
~~61,320~~
~~78,565~~
~~61,326~~

~~Title II: HUD~~
~~49,648b~~
~~56,785~~
~~56,471~~
~~53,419~~

~~Title III: Other Independent~~
~~Agencies~~
~~388~~
~~400~~
~~416~~
~~400~~

~~Title IV: General Provisions~~
~~23c~~
—
~~-5d~~
—e

~~Total Discretionary~~
~~75,376~~
~~82,913~~
~~84,062~~
~~82,946~~

~~Total Discretionary (excluding~~
~~emergency designated~~
74,658f
~~82,913~~
~~84,062~~
~~82,946~~

~~funding)~~
~~Total Mandatory~~
~~61,392~~
~~61,320~~
~~78,565~~
~~61,326~~

~~Total~~
~~136,768~~
~~144,232~~
~~162,627~~
~~144,272~~

~~Emergency Appropriations~~
~~(discretionary)~~
27,718g
—
—
—
7,700h
~~Emergency Appropriations~~
43,170i
~~(mandatory)~~
—
—
—
36,836j
Source: FY2021 enacted, FY2022 President’s Request and FY2022 House figures are taken from Comparative
~~Statement of Budget Authority table, beginning on p.~~9 link to page 10 THUD Appropriations for FY2022 Final Enacted Full-Year FY2022 Appropriations The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-103) was signed into law on March 15, 2022. It originated as a House amendment to the Senate amendment to H.R. 2471, a bill previously related to assistance efforts for Haiti. Specifically, on March 9, 2022, the House agreed to a special rule (H.Res. 973) that provided for the consideration of the House amendment to the Senate amendment, which consisted of all 12 regular appropriations acts for FY2022 (Divisions A-L; THUD as Division L), the Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division N), and several other matters (Divisions O-HH). Division L included $81 billion in discretionary funding for THUD agencies, an increase of 8% over the prior year. The legislation was approved by the House on March 9, 2022, and the Senate the following day, and signed into law March 15, 2022 (P.L. 117-103). Return of Earmarks In the 112th Congress (2011-2012), the House and Senate began observing what has been referred to as an “earmark moratorium" or "earmark ban,” which was articulated in party rules and committee protocols. This ban limited the ability to use appropriations acts for directing spending, tax, or tariff benefits to specific entities outside of statutory or administrative formulas or competitive award processes. Prior to the instatement of the earmark ban, accounts in both DOT’s and HUD’s budgets were frequent sources of congressionally directed spending, or earmarks. The earmark ban was effectively lifted in the 117th Congress, although earmark disclosure requirements adopted by both the House and the Senate during the 110th Congress remain in effect. For a list of disclosed earmarks, see the fol owing:  the “Incorporation of Community Project Funding” table, beginning on page 167 of H.Rept. 117-99;  the “Congressionally Directed Spending Items” table, beginning on page 196 of the Senate Appropriations Committee Chair’s draft report (available at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/THUDREPT_FINAL4.pdf); and  the “Community Project Funding/Congressionally Directed Spending” table beginning on page 3050 of the explanatory statement accompanying the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, as published in the Congressional Record on March 9, 2022. For more information about earmark disclosure rules, see CRS Report RS22866, Earmark Disclosure Rules in the House: Member and Committee Requirements; and CRS Report RS22867, Earmark Disclosure Rules in the Senate: Member and Committee Requirements. Table 2 tracks FY2022 THUD funding at the bill title level. Table 2. THUD Appropriations by Bill Title, FY2021-FY2022 (dollars in millions) FY2022 Senate Cmte. FY2021 FY2022 FY2022 Chair FY2022 Enacted Request House Draft Enacted Title I: DOT 86,709 87,047 105,740 90,453 102,947 Discretionary 25,317 25,728 27,175 29,127 26,946 Mandatory 61,392 61,320 78,565 61,326 76,002 Title II: HUD 49,648a 56,714 56,471 53,419 53,694 Title III: Other Independent Agencies 388 400 416 400 398 Congressional Research Service 5 link to page 10 link to page 10 link to page 10 link to page 10 link to page 10 link to page 10 link to page 10 link to page 10 link to page 11 THUD Appropriations for FY2022 FY2022 Senate Cmte. FY2021 FY2022 FY2022 Chair FY2022 Enacted Request House Draft Enacted Title IV: General Provisions 23b — -5c —d — Total Discretionary 75,376 82,842 84,062 82,946 81,038 Total Discretionary (excluding emergency designated 74,658e 82,842 84,062 82,946 81,038 funding) Total Mandatory 61,392 61,320 78,565 61,326 76,002 Total 136,768 144,232 162,627 144,272 157,040 Emergency Appropriations (discretionary) 27,718f — — — 7,700g Emergency Appropriations (mandatory) 54,040h — — — 36,836i Source: FY2021 enacted, FY2022 President’s Request and FY2022 House figures are taken from Comparative Statement of Budget Authority table, beginning on page 288 of H.Rept. 117-99; Senate majority draft figures taken 288 of H.Rept. 117-99; Senate majority draft figures taken
from Comparative Statement of Budget Authority table, beginning on p. 225 of the Senate Appropriations from Comparative Statement of Budget Authority table, beginning on p. 225 of the Senate Appropriations
Committee Chair’s draft report, available at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Committee Chair’s draft report, available at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/
THUDREPT_FINAL4.pdfTHUDREPT_FINAL4.pdf; final FY2022 figures taken from the funding tables included in the explanatory statement accompanying the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, as published in the Congressional Record on March 9, 2022, beginning on page H3184..
Notes: Totals may not add or exactly match source materials due to rounding. The totals include both Totals may not add or exactly match source materials due to rounding. The totals include both
discretionary budget authority and contract authority (a type of mandatory budget authority provided to DOT discretionary budget authority and contract authority (a type of mandatory budget authority provided to DOT
that is not included in the bil ’s discretionary budget authority figure). that is not included in the bil ’s discretionary budget authority figure).
ba. Of this amount, $695 mil ion for the tenant-based rental assistance account was designated as being for an . Of this amount, $695 mil ion for the tenant-based rental assistance account was designated as being for an
emergency requirement by Section 420 of Division L. emergency requirement by Section 420 of Division L.
cb. This additional amount for Essential Air Services under DOT was provided in Section 421 of Division L, . This additional amount for Essential Air Services under DOT was provided in Section 421 of Division L,
instead of Title I, and was designated as being for an emergency requirement. instead of Title I, and was designated as being for an emergency requirement.
dc. This rescission from “the unobligated balances from amounts made available under the heading . This rescission from “the unobligated balances from amounts made available under the heading ``‘Maritime Maritime
Administration—Maritime Security Program’ Administration—Maritime Security Program’’ in any prior Act in any prior Act ~~...~~” was added as part of H.Amdt. 79 to H.R. ” was added as part of H.Amdt. 79 to H.R.
4502. 4502.
ed. While Title IV of the Senate Appropriations Committee Chair’s draft bil does not include any . While Title IV of the Senate Appropriations Committee Chair’s draft bil does not include any
appropriations of funding, Section 419 does contain a reauthorization of the HUD housing programs appropriations of funding, Section 419 does contain a reauthorization of the HUD housing programs
authorized under the Native American Housing and Self-Determination Act (NAHASDA) through FY2023. authorized under the Native American Housing and Self-Determination Act (NAHASDA) through FY2023.
The draft also contains a Title V, which is text of the Reforming Disaster Recovery Act, to authorize the use The draft also contains a Title V, which is text of the Reforming Disaster Recovery Act, to authorize the use
of Community Development Block Grants for disaster recovery. of Community Development Block Grants for disaster recovery.
f.
e. As noted in Table Notes As noted in Table Notes ab and and bc, $718 mil ion of the total provided for THUD was deemed an emergency , $718 mil ion of the total provided for THUD was deemed an emergency
requirement and was thus excluded from the total for purposes of calculating the total subject to requirement and was thus excluded from the total for purposes of calculating the total subject to
discretionary spending limits under the BCA, as amended. discretionary spending limits under the BCA, as amended.
~~Congressional Research Service~~

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~~THUD Appropriations for FY2022~~

g. f. Of this amount, $27 bil ion is for coronavirus-related supplemental emergency funding for DOT, as Of this amount, $27 bil ion is for coronavirus-related supplemental emergency funding for DOT, as
provided in Division M of P.L. 116-260. The remaining $718 mil ion is designated “emergency” for budget provided in Division M of P.L. 116-260. The remaining $718 mil ion is designated “emergency” for budget
enforcement purposes, as described in Table Notes enforcement purposes, as described in Table Notes ab-c, but is not related to COVID-19. -c, but is not related to COVID-19.
hg. Reflects FY2022 disaster relief supplemental funds provided to DOT and HUD by Division B, Title VII of the . Reflects FY2022 disaster relief supplemental funds provided to DOT and HUD by Division B, Title VII of the
Extending Funding and Delivery Emergency Assistance Act, 2021 (P.L. 117-43). Extending Funding and Delivery Emergency Assistance Act, 2021 (P.L. 117-43).
i.
~~Provided in Title VII~~h. Provided in Titles III, VII, and XI of ARPA (P.L. 117-2) to “prevent, prepare for, and respond to of ARPA (P.L. 117-2) to “prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus.” This coronavirus.” This
legislation was enacted through the budget reconciliation process; as a result, funding provided in this act is legislation was enacted through the budget reconciliation process; as a result, funding provided in this act is
classified as mandatory spending, and does not appear in accounts showing classified as mandatory spending, and does not appear in accounts showing ~~discretionary appropriations.~~
j Congressional Research Service 6 link to page 12 THUD Appropriations for FY2022 discretionary appropriations. See CRS Insight IN11641, Housing Funding in the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, by Katie Jones, Maggie McCarty, and Libby Perl for details on the HUD portion of the funding. i. .
FY2022 supplemental funds provided to DOT by Division J, Title VIII of the Infrastructure Investment and FY2022 supplemental funds provided to DOT by Division J, Title VIII of the Infrastructure Investment and
Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58), which was passed via budget reconciliation, and thus the appropriations are Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58), which was passed via budget reconciliation, and thus the appropriations are
categorized as emergency mandatory funding. categorized as emergency mandatory funding.
The actual total appropriated in FY2022 is $184.1 bil ion; Congress divided that total into five roughly equal portions to be made available in each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026, and $36,836 bil ion is the amount available in FY2022. Department of Transportation
The majority of DOT’s annual funding is established by two periodic authorization acts, one for The majority of DOT’s annual funding is established by two periodic authorization acts, one for
surface transportation programs and one for aviation programs. Most of the funding for the surface transportation programs and one for aviation programs. Most of the funding for the
programs in those acts is drawn from the DOT Highway Trust Fund and the Aviation and Airways programs in those acts is drawn from the DOT Highway Trust Fund and the Aviation and Airways
Trust Fund, respectively. Highway Trust Fund revenues come largely from fuel taxes and Trust Fund, respectively. Highway Trust Fund revenues come largely from fuel taxes and
increasingly from transfers from the general fund of the Treasury. Aviation and Airways Trust increasingly from transfers from the general fund of the Treasury. Aviation and Airways Trust
Fund revenues come largely from taxes on passenger tickets and aviation fuel and some general Fund revenues come largely from taxes on passenger tickets and aviation fuel and some general
fund money. fund money.
The appearance of COVID-19 in the United States in the spring of 2020 disrupted the finances of The appearance of COVID-19 in the United States in the spring of 2020 disrupted the finances of
airlines and transit agencies. Airline and transit patronage dropped to a fraction of its usual level, airlines and transit agencies. Airline and transit patronage dropped to a fraction of its usual level,
as did passenger fare revenues. This was due not only to the impact of the pandemic on the as did passenger fare revenues. This was due not only to the impact of the pandemic on the
economy, but also to public concern about the risk of transmission of the virus in the confined economy, but also to public concern about the risk of transmission of the virus in the confined
spaces of airplanes and transit vehicles.spaces of airplanes and transit vehicles. ~~As of summer 2021, airline travel has rebounded to a~~
~~considerable degree, but transit usage is still significantly below the pre-pandemic level.~~
Administration Budget Request
The Administration’s FY2022 budget requested nearly the same amount of funding (less than 1% The Administration’s FY2022 budget requested nearly the same amount of funding (less than 1%
increase) for DOT as it received through the FY2021 appropriations process. Within that nearly increase) for DOT as it received through the FY2021 appropriations process. Within that nearly
level funding, the notable variations in funding requested compared to FY2021 appropriations level funding, the notable variations in funding requested compared to FY2021 appropriations
include include
 Federal Highway Administration: a 4% (+$2 billion) decrease in discretionary  Federal Highway Administration: a 4% (+$2 billion) decrease in discretionary
funding; funding;
 Federal Railroad Administration: a 72% (+$418 million) increase in funding for  Federal Railroad Administration: a 72% (+$418 million) increase in funding for
rail grants programs, including a new Passenger Rail Improvement, rail grants programs, including a new Passenger Rail Improvement,
Modernization, and Expansion (PRIME) program; Modernization, and Expansion (PRIME) program;
 Amtrak: a 35% (+$700 million) increase in funding for grants to Amtrak; and  Amtrak: a 35% (+$700 million) increase in funding for grants to Amtrak; and
 Federal Transit Administration: a 23% (+$460 million) increase in funding for  Federal Transit Administration: a 23% (+$460 million) increase in funding for
capital investment grants (including New Starts and Small Starts projects). capital investment grants (including New Starts and Small Starts projects).
~~H.R. 4550~~Agency Funding
The House Appropriations Committee recommended $105.7 billion for DOT, a 22% (+$19 The House Appropriations Committee recommended $105.7 billion for DOT, a 22% (+$19
billion) increase over the FY2021 enacted amount of $86.709 billion (which was virtually the billion) increase over the FY2021 enacted amount of $86.709 billion (which was virtually the
same as the FY2020 enacted amount). Every agency within the department same as the FY2020 enacted amount). Every agency within the department ~~would~~was to receive an receive an
increase compared increase compared ~~to FY2021. The largest percentage increases would be for the Federal Railroad~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

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~~link to page 10 link to page 13~~ ~~THUD Appropriations for FY2022~~

~~Administration (+46%, or +$1.3 billion), the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration~~
~~(+30%, or +$300 million), the Office of the Secretary (+28%, or +$404 million), and the Federal~~
~~Highway Administration (+27%, or +$13.4 billion). Details of the recommended funding~~with FY2021. The Senate Appropriations Committee Chair’s draft proposed a 4.3% ($3.7 billion) increase over FY2021. The final bill provided a 19% ($16 billion) increase over FY2021, more than the request or Senate proposal, but less than recommended by the House. Details can be can be
found ifound in Table 3.
Congressional Research Service 7 link to page 14 THUD Appropriations for FY2022 Table 3. Department of Transportation, FY2021-FY2022 Detailed Budget Table
(dollars in millions) (dollars in millions)
FY2022
Senate
Cmte
Department of Transportation
FY2021
FY2022
FY2022
Chair
FY2022
Selected Accounts
Enacted Request
House
Draft
Enacted
Office of the Secretary (OST)
National National ~~infrastructure investment~~Infrastructure Investment
1,000 1,000
1,000 1,000
1,200 1,200
1,090 1,090

775 (BUILD/TIGER) (BUILD/TIGER)
Thriving Communities Thriving Communities
— —
110 110
100 100
— —

25 Cyber Security Initiatives Cyber Security Initiatives
22 22
39 39
39 39
39 39

39 Payments to Payments to ~~air carriers~~Air Carriers (Essential Air (Essential Air
142 142
248 248
248 248
318 318

350 Servi Service)a
Transportation Demonstration Program Transportation Demonstration Program
100 100
— —
— —
— —

— Electric Vehicle Fleet Electric Vehicle Fleet
— —
11 11
11 11
11 11

— Building Resilient Infrastructure Through Building Resilient Infrastructure Through
— —
— —
— —
300 300

— Innovative Solutions Innovative Solutions
Safe and Accessible Roadways for All Safe and Accessible Roadways for All
— —
— —
— —
50 50

— RRIF Cohort 3 Modifications Cost RRIF Cohort 3 Modifications Cost
— —
— —
— —
10 10

10 All other accounts All other accounts
183 183
190 190
206 206
245 245

248 Total, OST Total, OST
1,443 1,443
1,634 1,634
1,847 1,847
2,063 2,063

1,447 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
Operations Operations
11,002 11,002
11,434 11,434
11,434 11,434
11,434 11,434

11,414 Facilities & Facilities & ~~equipment~~Equipment
3,015 3,015
3,410 3,410
3,416 3,416
3,200 3,200

2,893 Research, Research, ~~engineering, & development~~Engineering, & Development
198 198
259 259
261 261
259 259

249 Grants-in-aid for Grants-in-aid for ~~airports~~Airports (Airport (Airport
3,350 3,350
3,350 3,350
3,350 3,350
3,350 3,350

3,350 Improvement Program) ( Improvement Program) (~~limitation~~Limitation on on
obligations) obligations)
~~Airport Discretionary Grants~~Grants-in-aid for Airports (General Fund)
400 400
— —
400 400
603 603

554 Total, FAA Total, FAA
17,965 17,965
18,453 18,453
18,861 18,861
18,846 18,846

18,460 Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
Federal-Aid Highways (limitation on Federal-Aid Highways (limitation on
47,104 47,104
47,104 47,104
61,882 61,882
47,104 47,104

58,212 obligations + exempt contract authority) obligations + exempt contract authority)
~~Federal-Aid Highways: discretionary funding~~Highway Infrastructure Programs (General
2,000 2,000
— —
592 592
2,840 2,840

2,445 Fund) Total, FHWA Total, FHWA
49,104 49,104
47,104 47,104
62,474 62,474
49,944 49,944

~~Congressional Research Service~~

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~~THUD Appropriations for FY2022~~

~~FY2022~~
~~Senate~~
~~Cmte~~
~~Department of Transportation~~
~~FY2021~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2022~~
~~Chair~~
~~FY2022~~
~~Selected Accounts~~
~~Enacted Request~~
~~House~~
~~Draft~~
~~Enacted~~
~~Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA)~~
~~Motor carrier safety operations and~~
~~328~~
~~288~~
~~380~~
~~288~~

~~programs~~
~~Motor carrier safety grants to states~~
~~390~~
~~388~~
~~506~~
~~394~~

~~Total, FMCSA~~
~~748~~
~~676~~
~~886~~
~~682~~

60,657 Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) Motor Carrier Safety Operations and 328 288 380 288 360 Programs Motor Carrier Safety Grants to States 390 388 506 394 496 Total, FMCSA 748 676 886 682 856 Congressional Research Service 8 THUD Appropriations for FY2022 FY2022 Senate Cmte Department of Transportation FY2021 FY2022 FY2022 Chair FY2022 Selected Accounts Enacted Request House Draft Enacted National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
Operations and Operations and ~~research~~Research
349 349
401 401
426 426
376 376

393 Highway Highway ~~traffic safety grants~~Traffic Safety Grants to states to states
623 623
623 623
855 855
623 623

774 (limitation on obligations) (limitation on obligations)
Impaired Impaired ~~driving/highway-rail grade crossing~~Driving
17 17
— —
7 7
— —

~~safety~~ —
Total, NHTSA Total, NHTSA
989 989
1,024 1,024
1,289 1,289
999 999

1,167 Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
Safety and Operations Safety and Operations
235 235
248 248
248 248
243 243

241 Railroad Research and Development Railroad Research and Development
41 41
59 59
54 54
41 41

43 Passenger Rail Improvement, Passenger Rail Improvement,
— —
625 625
625 625
— —

— Modernization, and Expansion Modernization, and Expansion
Federal-state Partnership for State of Federal-state Partnership for State of
200 200
— —
— —
220 220

100 Good Repair Good Repair
Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and
375 375
375 375
500 500
523 523

625 Safety Improvements Safety Improvements
Magnetic Levitation Program Magnetic Levitation Program
2 2
— —
5 5
— —

— Restoration and Enhancement grants Restoration and Enhancement grants
5 5
— —
— —
2 2

— Amtrak Amtrak

Northeast Corridor grants Northeast Corridor grants
700 700
1,300 1,300
1,200 1,200
969 969

875 National Network National Network
1,300 1,300
1,400 1,400
1,500 1,500
1,731 1,731

1,457 Subtotal, Amtrak grants Subtotal, Amtrak grants
2,000 2,000
2,700 2,700
2,700 2,700
2,700 2,700

2,331 Rescission
— —
— —
-15
-15

-15 Total, FRA Total, FRA
2,821 2,821
4,007 4,007
4,116 4,116
3,714 3,714

3,325 Federal Transit Administration (FTA)
Administrative Expenses Administrative Expenses
121 121
132 132
133 133
132 132

— Formula Grants ( Formula Grants (Mmandatory) )
10,150 10,150
10,150 10,150
12,150 12,150
10,150 10,150

13,355 Transit Infrastructure Grants Transit Infrastructure Grants
516 516
550 550
580 580
757 757

504 Transit Research Transit Research
— —
30 30
— —
18 18

— Technical Assistance and Training Technical Assistance and Training
8 8
8 8
8 8
8 8

8 Capital Investment Grants (New Starts) Capital Investment Grants (New Starts)
2,014 2,014
2,473 2,473
2,473 2,473
2,248 2,248

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~~link to page 13 link to page 13 link to page 13~~ ~~THUD Appropriations for FY2022~~

~~FY2022~~
~~Senate~~
~~Cmte~~
~~Department of Transportation~~
~~FY2021~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2022~~
~~Chair~~
~~FY2022~~
~~Selected Accounts~~
~~Enacted Request~~
~~House~~
~~Draft~~
~~Enacted~~
~~Grants to Washington Metropolitan Area~~
~~150~~
~~150~~
~~150~~
~~150~~

~~Transit Authority~~
~~Rescission~~
-2
—
-7
-7

~~Total, FTA~~
~~12,957~~
~~13,492~~
~~15,487~~
~~13,456~~

~~Saint Lawrence Seaway Development~~
38
38
40
38

~~Corporation~~ 2,248 Grants to Washington Metropolitan Area 150 150 150 150 150 Transit Authority Rescission -2 — -7 -7 -7 Total, FTA 12,957 13,492 15,487 13,456 16,258 Saint Lawrence Seaway Development 38 38 40 38 38 Corporation Congressional Research Service 9 link to page 15 link to page 15 link to page 15 THUD Appropriations for FY2022 FY2022 Senate Cmte Department of Transportation FY2021 FY2022 FY2022 Chair FY2022 Selected Accounts Enacted Request House Draft Enacted
Maritime Administration (MARAD)
Maritime Security Program Maritime Security Program
314 314
318 318
318 318
318 318

318 Cable Security Fleet Cable Security Fleet
10 10
— —
10 10
10 10

10 Tanker Security Tanker Security ~~Fleet~~Program
— —
60 60
60 60
60 60

60 Operations and Training Operations and Training
156 156
172 172
171 171
172 172

172 State Maritime Academy Operations State Maritime Academy Operations
433 433
358 358
363 363
433 433

423 Assistance to Small Shipyards Assistance to Small Shipyards
20 20
20 20
20 20
20 20

20 Ship Disposal Ship Disposal
4 4
10 10
8 8
10 10

10 Maritime Guaranteed Loan Program Maritime Guaranteed Loan Program
3 3
3 3
3 3
3 3

3 Port Infrastructure Development Program Port Infrastructure Development Program
230 230
230 230
300 300
240 240

234 Total, MARAD Total, MARAD
1,170 1,170
1,130 1,130
1,253 1,253
1,225 1,225

1,251 Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA)
Subtotal Subtotal
260 260
282 282
278 278
279 279

279 Emergency Emergency ~~preparedness grants (M)~~Preparedness Grants
28 28
— —
28 28
28 28

28 (mandatory) Offsetting user fees
-145
-155
-155
-155
-155
Total, PHMSA Total, PHMSA
288 288
282 282
306 306
307 307

307 Office of Inspector General
98 98
103 103
103 103
103 103

103 DOT Totals
Appropriation (discretionary funding) Appropriation (discretionary funding)
25,696 25,696
25,770 25,770
27,196 27,196
29,191 29,191

26,967 Limitations on obligations ( Limitations on obligations (Mmandatory) )
61,392 61,392
61,320 61,320
78,565 78,565
61,326 61,326

76,002 Subtotal—new funding
87,088
87,089
105,762
90,517
102,969

Rescissions
-379
-42
-22
-64 -64

-22 Net new discretionary funding
25,317
25,728
27,175
29,127
26,946
Net new budget authority
86,709
87,047
105,740
90,453
102,947
Supplemental emergency funding Supplemental emergency funding
27,00 27,000b
— —
— —
—
~~36,83~~39,536c
Additional appropriations (mandatory) Additional appropriations (mandatory)
43,17 43,170d
— —
— —
—

— Net new budget authority
156,879
87,047
105,740
90,453
142,483
(incl. emergency)
~~Congressional Research Service~~

9

~~THUD Appropriations for FY2022~~

Sources: Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority, pp. 264-273 in H.Rept. 117-99 accompanying H.R. Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority, pp. 264-273 in H.Rept. 117-99 accompanying H.R.
4550; Division G of H.R. 4502, as passed by the House; and Senate majority draft bil and report as posted at 4550; Division G of H.R. 4502, as passed by the House; and Senate majority draft bil and report as posted at
https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/majority/chairman-leahy-releases-remaining-nine-senate-https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/majority/chairman-leahy-releases-remaining-nine-senate-
appropriations-bil sappropriations-bil s; House Committee Print 47-047/47-048, the FY2022 Consolidated Appropriations Act: Book II, Div. L, Table of New Budget Authority, pp. 2763-2772 and 2781-2794. .
Notes: Totals may not add due to rounding. Totals may not add due to rounding.
a. In addition to its appropriation, the Essential Air Service program receives funding from overflight fees. For a. In addition to its appropriation, the Essential Air Service program receives funding from overflight fees. For
FY2021, those fees were expected to provide an additional $153 mil ion to the program, and the CARES FY2021, those fees were expected to provide an additional $153 mil ion to the program, and the CARES
Congressional Research Service 10 link to page 16 THUD Appropriations for FY2022 Act (Division M of P.L. 116-260 ) provided an additional $23 mil ion, for a total of $338 mil ion. Due to the Act (Division M of P.L. 116-260 ) provided an additional $23 mil ion, for a total of $338 mil ion. Due to the
pandemic’s effects on aviation the FY2022 estimate for overflight fees is down to $116 mil ion; the pandemic’s effects on aviation the FY2022 estimate for overflight fees is down to $116 mil ion; the
proposed increased appropriation would provide a total of $364 mil ion for the program. proposed increased appropriation would provide a total of $364 mil ion for the program.
b. Provided in the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (Division M of P.L. b. Provided in the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (Division M of P.L.
116-260). 116-260).
c. FY2022 supplemental funds provided to DOT by Division c. FY2022 supplemental funds provided to DOT by Division B of P.L. 117-43 and Division J, Title VIII of the J, Title VIII of the Infrastructure Investment and Infrastructure Investment and
Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58), which was passed via budget reconciliation and thus the appropriations are Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58), which was passed via budget reconciliation and thus the appropriations are
categorized as emergency mandatory funding.categorized as emergency mandatory funding.
Title VIII appropriated a total of $184.1 bil ion for DOT in FY2022, but divided that total into five equal portions, to be made available to DOT annually over the period FY2022-FY2026; $39,536 bil ion is the amount available in FY2022. d. Provided in Title VII of ARPA (P.L. 117-2) to “prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus.” This d. Provided in Title VII of ARPA (P.L. 117-2) to “prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus.” This
legislation was enacted through the budget reconciliation process; as a result, funding provided in this act is legislation was enacted through the budget reconciliation process; as a result, funding provided in this act is
classified as mandatory spending, and does not appear in accounts showing discretionary appropriations. classified as mandatory spending, and does not appear in accounts showing discretionary appropriations.
Selected DOT Issues
Authorization of Surface Transportation Programs
Funding authorizations for the federal highway, transit, and passenger rail Funding authorizations for the federal highway, transit, and passenger rail ~~programs12~~programs13 were were
scheduled to expire at the end of FY2020, and were extended at the FY2020 levels through scheduled to expire at the end of FY2020, and were extended at the FY2020 levels through
FY2021, then through FY2022. The Administration requested funding for FY2022 based on those FY2021, then through FY2022. The Administration requested funding for FY2022 based on those
levels. The House Committee on Appropriations recommended increased funding based on levels levels. The House Committee on Appropriations recommended increased funding based on levels
proposed in pending surface transportation reauthorization legislation, the INVEST in America proposed in pending surface transportation reauthorization legislation, the INVEST in America
Act (H.R. 3684, passed by the House on July 1, 2021). The House had recommended similar Act (H.R. 3684, passed by the House on July 1, 2021). The House had recommended similar
levels of funding for surface transportation programs in FY2021 based on reauthorization levels of funding for surface transportation programs in FY2021 based on reauthorization
legislation introduced in the 116th Congress; that reauthorization legislation was not enacted, and legislation introduced in the 116th Congress; that reauthorization legislation was not enacted, and
the final FY2021 funding levels for surface transportation programs were in line with those in the final FY2021 funding levels for surface transportation programs were in line with those in
FY2020. FY2020.
The Senate passed its version of H.R. 3684, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), The Senate passed its version of H.R. 3684, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA),
commonly referred to as the “bipartisan infrastructure bill” commonly referred to as the “bipartisan infrastructure bill” (and, after enactment, the “bipartisan and, after enactment, the “bipartisan
infrastructure law” infrastructure law” (or BIL) on August 10, 2021, as Senate Amendment 2137. Divisions A-C of or BIL) on August 10, 2021, as Senate Amendment 2137. Divisions A-C of
the bill the bill ~~contain~~contained the text of surface transportation reauthorization legislation that the text of surface transportation reauthorization legislation that ~~differs~~differed from that from that
passed by the House. Title VIII of Division J of the bill passed by the House. Title VIII of Division J of the bill ~~provides~~provided supplemental appropriations for supplemental appropriations for
many DOT programs. In the House, passage of the Senate version of the bill was for a time made many DOT programs. In the House, passage of the Senate version of the bill was for a time made
contingent on Senate passage of a budget reconciliation bill still in process that would provide contingent on Senate passage of a budget reconciliation bill still in process that would provide
significant funding for social programs, but on November 5, 2021, the House passed the Senate significant funding for social programs, but on November 5, 2021, the House passed the Senate
version of H.R. 3684, and it was signed into law on November 15, 2021 (P.L. 117-58). version of H.R. 3684, and it was signed into law on November 15, 2021 (P.L. 117-58).
~~Infrastructure Funding~~
~~The House-passed bill would provide an increase of roughly $19 billion for transportation~~
~~infrastructure. About two-thirds of that would go to the Federal Highway Administration, with~~
~~most of the rest going to the Federal Railroad Administration and Federal Transit Administration.~~
~~The draft Senate committee bill would provide an increase of roughly $3 billion.~~

12The supplemental appropriations provided for several DOT programs in Title VIII of Division J that were appropriated in FY2022 but were divided into portions made available over the authorization period for DOT programs in Divisions A-C (FY2022-FY2026). The total amount provided in Title VIII of Division J was $184.1 billion, apportioned at $36.8 billion for each of FY2022-FY2026. That $36.8 billion in supplemental funding represented slightly over one-third of the total amount provided for DOT in the THUD FY2022 appropriations act. Table 4 shows the distribution of the supplemental funding that is available to DOT during FY2022. 13 The authorizations were included in the Fixing American’s Surface Transportation (FAST) Act, P.L. 114-94. The authorizations were included in the Fixing American’s Surface Transportation (FAST) Act, P.L. 114-94.
Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

10

~~THUD Appropriations for FY2022~~

~~Multi-Modal Grants~~
~~Most DOT funding is provided by mode. The vast majority goes to programs focused on~~
~~highways, with lesser amounts dedicated to the aviation, transit, rail, and maritime sectors. One of~~
~~the few programs for which project eligibility is not limited to a single mode is the national~~
~~infrastructure investment program popularly known as the RAISE discretionary grant program~~
~~(previously called TIGER and then BUILD). The House committee bill would increase funding~~
~~for the program by 20%, from $1.0 billion in FY2021 to $1.2 billion in FY2022, including $40~~
~~million for planning grants.~~11 THUD Appropriations for FY2022 Table 4. DOT Appropriations Provided Outside the FY2022 THUD Act that Are Available in FY2022 (dollars in millions) Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43) Division B: Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 FAA Facilities and Equipment $100.0 FHWA Emergency Relief Program 2,600.0 Total DOT 2,700.0 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58) Division J: Appropriations DOT: Office of the Secretary (OST) National Infrastructure Investments 2,500.0 Safe Streets and Roads for All grants 1,000.0 National Culvert Removal, Replacement, and Restoration grants 200.0 Strengthening Mobility and Revolutionizing Transportation Grant Program 100.0 Total OST 3,800.0 DOT: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Facilities and Equipment 1,000.0 Airport Infrastructure Grants 3,000.0 Airport Terminal Program 1,000.0 Total FAA 5,000.0 Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Highway Infrastructure Program 9,454.4 Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) Motor Carrier Safety Operations and Program 10.0 Motor Carrier Safety Grants 124.5 Total FMCSA 134.5 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Crash Data 150.0 Vehicle Safety and Behavioral Research Programs 109.7 Supplemental Highway Traffic Safety Programs 62.0 Total, NHTSA 321.7 Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvements 1,000.0 Northeast Corridor Grants to Amtrak 1,200.0 National Network Grants to Amtrak 3,200.0 Railroad Crossing Elimination Program 600.0 Federal-State Partnership for Intercity Passenger Rail Grants 7,200.0 Total, FAA 13,200.0 Congressional Research Service 12 THUD Appropriations for FY2022 Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Transit Infrastructure Grants 2,050.0 Capital Investment Grants 1,600.0 All Stations Accessibility Program 350.0 Electric or Low-Emitting Ferry Program 50.0 Ferry Service for Rural Communities 200.0 Total, FTA 4,250.0 Maritime Administration (MARAD) Operations and Training 25.0 Port Infrastructure Development Program 450.0 Total MARAD 475.0 Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) Natural Gas Distribution Infrastructure Safety and Modernization Grant Program 200.0 Subtotal, IIJA 36,835.6 Total Other Appropriations 39,535.6 Source: House Committee Print 47-047/47-048, the FY2022 Consolidated Appropriations Act: Book II, Div. L, Table of Combined Budget Authority, “Other Appropriations,” pp. 2781-2794. The RAISE Multi-modal Grant Program Most DOT funding is provided by mode. The vast majority goes to programs focused on highways, with lesser amounts dedicated to the aviation, transit, rail, and maritime sectors. One of the few grant programs for which project eligibility is not limited to a single mode is the national infrastructure investment program, popularly known as the RAISE discretionary grant program (previously called TIGER and then BUILD).14 This program is popular in part because it is one of the few This program is popular in part because it is one of the few
transportation grant programs that offer communities an opportunity to obtain federal funding transportation grant programs that offer communities an opportunity to obtain federal funding
directly for local projects without state government involvement, and in part because virtually any directly for local projects without state government involvement, and in part because virtually any
transportation project eligible for federal funding is eligible for a grant under this transportation project eligible for federal funding is eligible for a grant under this program. The House committee bill would have increased funding for the program by 20%, from $1.0 billion in FY2021 to $1.2 billion in FY2022, including $40 million for planning grants. The ~~program. The~~
House Appropriations Committee commended DOT for revising the selection criteria for the House Appropriations Committee commended DOT for revising the selection criteria for the
FY2021 round of grants to include climate change, environmental justice, and racial equity FY2021 round of grants to include climate change, environmental justice, and racial equity
considerations, and included in its recommendations a direction to prioritize projects that improve considerations, and included in its recommendations a direction to prioritize projects that improve
race and social equity and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the distribution of funds in race and social equity and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the distribution of funds in
FY2022. The Senate draft committee bill would FY2022. The Senate draft committee bill would ~~increase~~have increased funding for the RAISE discretionary funding for the RAISE discretionary
grant program by 9%, from $1.00 billion in FY2021 to $1.09 billion in FY2022.grant program by 9%, from $1.00 billion in FY2021 to $1.09 billion in FY2022. Separately, the Separately, the
IIJA provided supplemental funding of $1.5 billion for RAISE grants in FY2022, and DOT issued IIJA provided supplemental funding of $1.5 billion for RAISE grants in FY2022, and DOT issued
a grant solicitation for that funding on January 28, 2022.a grant solicitation for that funding on January 28, 2022.13
~~Highway Safety~~
~~The House-passed bill recommended an increase of 37% ($232 million) in highway~~ 15 The final THUD bill 14 In previous years, the THUD bill line item “National Infrastructure Investment” funded the TIGER/BUILD/RAISE program. Sections 21201 and 21202 of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58) created two statutory grant programs, the funding for which comes from the THUD bill line item “National Infrastructure Investment”: National Infrastructure Project Assistance (§21201) and Local and Regional Project Assistance (§21202). The latter is now also called the RAISE grant program. 15 United States Department of Transportation, “U.S. Department of Transportation Announces Availability of $1.5 Congressional Research Service 13 THUD Appropriations for FY2022 provided an additional $775 million for the RAISE grant program; DOT issued a revised grant solicitation reflecting the new total of $2.275 billion. Highway Safety The House-passed bill recommended an increase of 37% ($232 million) in NHTSA highway safety grants safety grants
to states, divided between formula safety grants and national priority safety incentive grant to states, divided between formula safety grants and national priority safety incentive grant
programs. This increased funding programs. This increased funding ~~would~~was to be drawn from the Highway Trust Fund, and is thus be drawn from the Highway Trust Fund, and is thus
dependent on enactment of surface transportation reauthorization legislation as noted above. The dependent on enactment of surface transportation reauthorization legislation as noted above. The
Senate draft committee bill recommended no increase.Senate draft committee bill recommended no increase.
The final bill provided an increase of 24% ($151 million) over the FY2021 level. Passenger Rail
The House-passed bill recommended an increase of 46% ($1.3 billion) in funding for passenger The House-passed bill recommended an increase of 46% ($1.3 billion) in funding for passenger
rail. This rail. This ~~would~~was to provide $2.7 billion for Amtrak and $1.1 billion for grants to states and other provide $2.7 billion for Amtrak and $1.1 billion for grants to states and other
entities for improvements in passenger rail service. This funding is not drawn from the Highway entities for improvements in passenger rail service. This funding is not drawn from the Highway
Trust Fund. The Senate draft committee bill recommended an increase of 32%, mostly for Trust Fund. The Senate draft committee bill recommended an increase of 32%, mostly for
additional Amtrak funding. additional Amtrak funding.
The final bill provided an increase of 19% ($481 million) over the comparable FY2021 level, a total of $3.1 billion. Division J of the IIJA provided an additional $12.6 billion for FY2022. Commercial Truck Safety
The congressional The congressional ~~mandate14~~mandate16 for heavy trucks to be equipped with electronic logging devices for heavy trucks to be equipped with electronic logging devices
(ELDs) to track the time worked by drivers went into effect at the end of 2017.(ELDs) to track the time worked by drivers went into effect at the end of 2017.1517 The purpose was The purpose was
to improve safety by reducing the incidence of commercial drivers driving while fatigued; this to improve safety by reducing the incidence of commercial drivers driving while fatigued; this
would be achieved by improving compliance with (and enforcement of) the federal hours-of-would be achieved by improving compliance with (and enforcement of) the federal hours-of-
service limits that limit the amount of time a driver can drive each day and each week. ELDs service limits that limit the amount of time a driver can drive each day and each week. ELDs

~~13 United States Department of Transportation, “U.S. Department of Transportation Announces Availability of $1.5~~
~~Billion in RAISE Grants Made Possible by President Biden’s Bipartisan Infrastructure Law,” January 28, 2022,~~
~~https://www.transportation.gov/RAISEgrants.~~
~~14 Section 32301(b) of the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), P.L. 112-141.~~
~~15 Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, “Final Rule: Electronic Logging Devices,” 80 Federal Register 78292,~~
~~December 16, 2015, at https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2015-12-16/pdf/2015-31336.pdf.~~
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~~THUD Appropriations for FY2022~~

make it harder for drivers to exceed the limits without detection. Objections from certain sectors make it harder for drivers to exceed the limits without detection. Objections from certain sectors
of the trucking industry have led Congress to repeatedly bar enforcement of the ELD mandate of the trucking industry have led Congress to repeatedly bar enforcement of the ELD mandate
with respect to livestock haulers in the annual THUD appropriations act. This action has been with respect to livestock haulers in the annual THUD appropriations act. This action has been
opposed by safety advocates. The FY2021 House version of the THUD bill did not include this opposed by safety advocates. The FY2021 House version of the THUD bill did not include this
waiver, though the enacted FY2021 THUD act did; the waiver was added to the FY2022 THUD waiver, though the enacted FY2021 THUD act did; the waiver was added to the FY2022 THUD
bill by amendment in the House Appropriations Committee markup of the bill, bill by amendment in the House Appropriations Committee markup of the bill, ~~and is~~was included in included in
the draft Senate committee billthe draft Senate committee bill, and was included in the enacted bill (§132). .
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Overview
HUD is the nation’s housing agency. The programs and activities it administers are designed HUD is the nation’s housing agency. The programs and activities it administers are designed
primarily to address housing problems faced by households with very low incomes or other primarily to address housing problems faced by households with very low incomes or other
Billion in RAISE Grants Made Possible by President Biden’s Bipartisan Infrastructure Law,” January 28, 2022, https://www.transportation.gov/RAISEgrants. 16 Section 32301(b) of the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), P.L. 112-141. 17 Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, “Final Rule: Electronic Logging Devices,” 80 Federal Register 78292, December 16, 2015, at https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2015-12-16/pdf/2015-31336.pdf. Congressional Research Service 14 link to page 20 THUD Appropriations for FY2022 special housing needs and to expand access to homeownership.18~~special housing needs and to expand access to homeownership.16~~ The largest share of HUD’s The largest share of HUD’s
budget is devoted to its rental assistance programs: Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchersbudget is devoted to its rental assistance programs: Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers,; project- project-
based rental assistance via Section 8, Section 202 and Section 811based rental assistance via Section 8, Section 202 and Section 811,; and public housing. These and public housing. These
programs, which serve nearly 4.6 million households, provide subsidies to allow low-income programs, which serve nearly 4.6 million households, provide subsidies to allow low-income
recipients to pay below-market, income-based rent. recipients to pay below-market, income-based rent.
Two flexible block grant programs—the HOME Investment Partnerships grant program and the Two flexible block grant programs—the HOME Investment Partnerships grant program and the
Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program—help states and local governments Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program—help states and local governments
finance a variety of housing and community development activities designed to serve low-income finance a variety of housing and community development activities designed to serve low-income
families. Native American tribes receive their own direct housing grants through the Native families. Native American tribes receive their own direct housing grants through the Native
American Housing Block Grant program. American Housing Block Grant program.
Other more specialized grant programs help communities meet the needs of homeless persons Other more specialized grant programs help communities meet the needs of homeless persons
(through the Homeless Assistance Grants, namely the Continuum of Care and Emergency (through the Homeless Assistance Grants, namely the Continuum of Care and Emergency
Solutions Grants programs), including those living with HIV/AIDS (through the Housing Solutions Grants programs), including those living with HIV/AIDS (through the Housing
Opportunities for Persons with AIDS program). Additional programs fund fair housing Opportunities for Persons with AIDS program). Additional programs fund fair housing
enforcement activities and healthy homes activities, including lead-based paint hazard enforcement activities and healthy homes activities, including lead-based paint hazard
identification and remediation. identification and remediation.
HUD’s Federal Housing Administration (FHA) insures mortgages made by lenders to HUD’s Federal Housing Administration (FHA) insures mortgages made by lenders to
homebuyers with low down payments and to developers of multifamily rental buildings homebuyers with low down payments and to developers of multifamily rental buildings
containing relatively affordable units. FHA collects fees from borrowers with FHA-insured containing relatively affordable units. FHA collects fees from borrowers with FHA-insured
mortgages, which are used to sustain its insurance funds. mortgages, which are used to sustain its insurance funds.
Agency Funding
Nearly all of HUD’s funding is provided via discretionary appropriations generally contained in Nearly all of HUD’s funding is provided via discretionary appropriations generally contained in
the annual Transportation, HUD, and Related Agencies appropriations legislation. (HUD the annual Transportation, HUD, and Related Agencies appropriations legislation. (HUD
programs may also receive additional resources from supplemental or other funding measures in programs may also receive additional resources from supplemental or other funding measures in
some years, most often in response to disasters.) The annual THUD bill provides gross some years, most often in response to disasters.) The annual THUD bill provides gross
appropriations for HUD programs and activities for a fiscal year. The “cost” of those appropriations for HUD programs and activities for a fiscal year. The “cost” of those
appropriations, as determined by the Congressional Budget Office’s scorekeeping process, is appropriations, as determined by the Congressional Budget Office’s scorekeeping process, is
generally reduced by offsetting receipts from the FHA’s loan programs and the Government generally reduced by offsetting receipts from the FHA’s loan programs and the Government
National Mortgage Association (GNMA) securitization of government loans. To a lesser extent, National Mortgage Association (GNMA) securitization of government loans. To a lesser extent,

~~16 For more information about federal housing assistance programs, see CRS Report RL34591,~~ ~~Overview of Federal~~
~~Housing Assistance Programs and Policy~~.
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rescissions of prior-year appropriations can also create savings. The gross appropriations rescissions of prior-year appropriations can also create savings. The gross appropriations
provided to HUD, minus savings from offsets and rescissions, provided to HUD, minus savings from offsets and rescissions, ~~result in~~is the net budget authority the net budget authority
total, which is used for budget enforcement purposes. total, which is used for budget enforcement purposes.
Status of FY2022 HUD Appropriations
As shown iAs shown in Table 45, the President’s FY2022 budget request proposed an increase of $8.3 billion the President’s FY2022 budget request proposed an increase of $8.3 billion
(+13.8%) in gross (regular, nonemergency) appropriations for HUD programs and activities (+13.8%) in gross (regular, nonemergency) appropriations for HUD programs and activities
relative to FY2021. (Because of an estimated increase in offsets in FY2022, relative to FY2021. (Because of an estimated increase in offsets in FY2022, net discretionary discretionary
budget authority—used for budget enforcement purposes—would see a smaller total increase budget authority—used for budget enforcement purposes—would see a smaller total increase
(+$7.1 billion) than gross budget authority. However, gross appropriations is a more accurate (+$7.1 billion) than gross budget authority. However, gross appropriations is a more accurate
measure of the resources available to HUD’s programs and activities.) Most of the requested measure of the resources available to HUD’s programs and activities.) Most of the requested
increase ($6.1 billion) is directed to HUD’s primary rental assistance programs, which, combined, increase ($6.1 billion) is directed to HUD’s primary rental assistance programs, which, combined,
serve nearly 4.6 million low-income households. However, nearly all HUD programs are serve nearly 4.6 million low-income households. However, nearly all HUD programs are
18 For more information about federal housing assistance programs, see CRS Report RL34591, Overview of Federal Housing Assistance Programs and Policy. Congressional Research Service 15 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 THUD Appropriations for FY2022 proposed for increases, including HUD grant programs that had been targeted for elimination in proposed for increases, including HUD grant programs that had been targeted for elimination in
budget requests from the Trump Administration. budget requests from the Trump Administration.
The House bill The House bill ~~would increase~~proposed increasing gross appropriations for HUD relative to FY2021, but gross appropriations for HUD relative to FY2021, but ~~would~~
~~provide~~ slightly less than was requested by the President (a difference of $250 million, or less slightly less than was requested by the President (a difference of $250 million, or less
than 1%). The Senate Appropriations Committee Chair’s draft than 1%). The Senate Appropriations Committee Chair’s draft ~~would provide~~proposed providing HUD with an HUD with an
increase over FY2021 (+8.4%) but less than requested by the President or proposed by the House. increase over FY2021 (+8.4%) but less than requested by the President or proposed by the House.
The final FY2022 appropriations law included $65.7 billion in gross appropriations for HUD, an increase of 9% over FY2021, but less than was requested by the President’s budget. Accounting for offsets, HUD’s net discretionary total for FY2022 is nearly $53.7 billion. Table 5 ~~Table 4~~. Department of Housing and Urban Development,
FY2021-FY2022 Detailed Appropriations
(dollars in millions) (dollars in millions)
FY2022
Senate
Cmte
FY2021
FY2022
FY2022
Chair
FY2022
Accounts
Enacted Request
House
Draft
Enacted
Appropriations

Salaries and Expenses (Mgmt. & Adm.) Salaries and Expenses (Mgmt. & Adm.)
1,499 1,499
1,681 1,681
1,55 1,558a
1,595 1,595

1,588 Tenant-Based Rental Assistance (Sec. 8 Housing Tenant-Based Rental Assistance (Sec. 8 Housing
Choice Vouchers) 25,77 25,777b
30,442 30,442
29,216 29,216
27,719 27,719

~~Choice Vouchers)~~
27,370 Voucher Renewals (non-add)
23,080
25,001
24,951
24,527

24,095 Administrative Fees (non-add)
2,159
2,790
2,465a
2,474

2,410 Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (VASH)
incremental vouchers (non-add) 40
0
20
50

~~incremental vouchers (non-add)~~
50 Family Unification Program (FUP) incremental
vouchers 25
0
25
30

~~vouchers~~
30 Other Incremental Vouchers (non-add)
43
1,552
1,005a
75

200 Mobility services (non-add)
0
491
150
0

25 Public Housing Fund Public Housing Fund
7,806 7,806
8,575 8,575
8,640 8,640
8,838 8,838

8,452 Operating Grants (non-add)
4,839
4,887
4,897
5,019

5,038 Capital Grants (non-add)
2,765
3,200
3,400
3,616

3,200 Climate Resiliency/Utility Grants (non-add)
—
245
100
0

0 Energy and Water Efficiency (non-add)
—
55
50
0

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~~FY2022~~
~~Senate~~
~~Cmte~~
~~FY2021~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2022~~
~~Chair~~
~~FY2022~~
~~Accounts~~
~~Enacted Request~~
~~House~~
~~Draft~~
~~Enacted~~
~~Choice Neighborhoods~~
~~200~~
~~250~~
~~400~~
~~200~~

~~Self Sufficiency Programs~~
~~155~~
~~175~~
~~202a~~
~~170~~

~~Native American Programs~~
~~825~~
~~1,000~~
~~950~~
~~1,000~~

~~Native American Housing Block Grants~~
~~(Formula) (non-add)~~
~~647~~
~~723~~
~~722~~
~~772~~

~~Native American Housing Block Grants~~
~~(Competitive) (non-add)~~
~~100~~
~~100~~
~~150~~
~~150~~

0 Choice Neighborhoods 200 250 400 200 350 Self Sufficiency Programs 155 175 202a 170 159 Native American Programs 825 1,000 950 1,000 1,002 Native American Housing Block Grants 647 723 722 772 772 (Formula) (non-add) Native American Housing Block Grants 100 100 150 150 150 (Competitive) (non-add) Congressional Research Service 16 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 23 link to page 23 link to page 23 link to page 23 THUD Appropriations for FY2022 FY2022 Senate Cmte FY2021 FY2022 FY2022 Chair FY2022 Accounts Enacted Request House Draft Enacted Native American Housing Block Grants
(competitive) for energy efficiency and climate
—
100
0
0

0 resiliency (non-add)
Indian Community Development Block Grants
(non-add)
70
70
70
70

~~Indian housing loan guarantee~~ 72 Indian Housing Loan Guarantee
2 2
4 4
4 4
4 4

4 Native Hawaiian Native Hawaiian ~~block grant~~Block Grant
2 2
7 7
4 4
15 15

22 Housing, Housing, ~~persons~~Persons with AIDS (HOPWA) with AIDS (HOPWA)
430 430
450 450
600 600
450 450

450 Community Development Fund Community Development Fund
3,475 3,475
3,770 3,770
4,688 4,688
4,190 4,190

4,841 CDBG Formula Grants
3,450
3,745c
3,~~728~~728d
3,550

3,300 SUPPORT for Patients and Communities
25
25
25
25

25 Economic Development Initiativese
—
—
~~936~~936d
615

1,516 HOME Investment Partnerships HOME Investment Partnerships
1,350 1,350
1,850 1,850
1,850 1,850
1,450 1,450

1,500 Formula Grants (inc. insular areas)
1,350
1,750
1,800
1,450

1,500 Downpayment Assistance
—
100
50
0

0 Self-Help Homeownership Self-Help Homeownership
60 60
60 60
65 65
65 65

63 Self-Help and Assisted Homeownership
~~Opportunity Program~~
10
10
15
15

13 Opportunity Program Section 4 Capacity Building
41
41
45
41

41 Rural Capacity Building
5
5
5
5

5 Veterans Home Rehabilitation and
4
4
0
4

4 Modification Pilot Program
Homeless Assistance Grants Homeless Assistance Grants
3,000 3,000
3,500 3,500
3,420 3,420
3,260 3,260

3,213 Project-Based Rental Assistance (Sec. 8) Project-Based Rental Assistance (Sec. 8)
13,465 13,465
14,060 14,060
14,010 14,010
13,970 13,970

13,940 Contract Renewals
13,115
13,675
13,625
13,615

13,585 Contract Administrators
350
355
355
355

355 Service coordinators for the elderly
—
30
30
0

0 Housing for the Elderly (Section 202) Housing for the Elderly (Section 202)
855 855
928 928
1,033 1,033
956 956

1,033 Housing for Persons with Disabilities (Section Housing for Persons with Disabilities (Section
~~811)~~
227 227
272 272
352 352
227 227

~~Congressional Research Service~~

14

~~link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19 link to page 19~~ ~~THUD Appropriations for FY2022~~

~~FY2022~~
~~Senate~~
~~Cmte~~
~~FY2021~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2022~~
~~Chair~~
~~FY2022~~
~~Accounts~~
~~Enacted Request~~
~~House~~
~~Draft~~
~~Enacted~~
~~Housing Counseling Assistance~~
78
86
~~100~~
58

~~Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fundf~~
13
14
14
14

~~Green Retrofit for Multifamily~~
—
~~250~~
0
0

~~Federal Housing Administration (FHA)~~
~~Expensesf~~
~~130~~
~~180g~~
~~150~~
~~150~~

~~Government National Mortgage Assn. (GNMA)~~
~~Expensesf~~
35
40
36
37

~~Research and technology~~
~~105~~
~~145~~
~~185~~
~~105~~

~~Fair housing activities~~
73
85
85
85

~~Fair Housing Assistance Program (non-add)~~
24
25
25
25

~~Fair Housing Initiatives Program (non-add)~~
46
56
56
56

~~Lead Hazard Reduction~~
~~360~~
~~400~~
~~460~~
~~400~~

~~Information Technology Fund~~
~~300~~
~~323~~
~~278~~
~~300~~

~~Inspector General~~
~~137~~
~~147~~
~~145~~
~~140~~

~~Gross Appropriations Subtotal~~
~~60,358~~
~~68,694~~
~~68,444 65,398~~

352 811) Housing Counseling Assistance 78 86 100 58 58 Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fundf 13 14 14 14 14 Green Retrofit for Multifamily — 250 0 0 0 Federal Housing Administration (FHA) 130 180g 150 150 150 Expensesf Government National Mortgage Assn. (GNMA) 35 40 36 37 35 Expensesf Congressional Research Service 17 link to page 23 link to page 23 link to page 23 link to page 23 THUD Appropriations for FY2022 FY2022 Senate Cmte FY2021 FY2022 FY2022 Chair FY2022 Accounts Enacted Request House Draft Enacted Research and Technology 105 145 185 105 145 Fair Housing Activities 73 85 85 85 85 Fair Housing Assistance Program (non-add) 24 25 25 25 25 Fair Housing Initiatives Program (non-add) 46 56 56 56 56 Lead Hazard Reduction 360 400 460 400 415 Information Technology Fund 300 323 278 300 323 Inspector General 137 147 145 140 140 Gross Appropriations Subtotal 60,358 68,694 68,444 65,398 65,702 Offsetting Collections and Receipts

Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fund Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fund
-13 -13
-14 -14
-14 -14
-14 -14

-14 FHA FHA
-9,244 -9,244
-9, -9,~~586~~596
-9,596 -9,596
-9,596 -9,596

-9,596 GNMA GNMA
-1,439 -1,439
-2, -2,303h364h
-2,363 -2,363
-2,363 -2,363

-2,363 Offsets Subtotal
-10,696
-11,~~903~~974
-11,973
-11,973
-11,973
Rescissions

Rental Housing Assistance Rental Housing Assistance
-14 -14
—
—
—

— Native Hawaiian Native Hawaiian ~~block grant rescission~~Housing Loan Guarantee Fund
—
-6 -6
0 0
-6 -6

-6 rescission Executive and Administrative Support Offices — — — — -29i rescission Rescissions Subtotal
-14
-6
0
-6

-35 Total Net Discretionary Budget Authority
49,648ij
56,~~785~~714
56,471
53,419
53,694 Supplemental Disaster Relief Funding 5,000k
Sources: HUD FY2022 Congressional Budget Justifications; H.Rept. 117-99; Division G of H.R. 4502, as passed HUD FY2022 Congressional Budget Justifications; H.Rept. 117-99; Division G of H.R. 4502, as passed
by the House; and Senate majority draft bil and report as posted at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/by the House; and Senate majority draft bil and report as posted at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/
majority/chairman-leahy-releases-remaining-nine-senate-appropriations-bil smajority/chairman-leahy-releases-remaining-nine-senate-appropriations-bil s; final FY2022 figures taken from the funding tables included in the explanatory statement accompanying the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, as published in the Congressional Record on March 9, 2022, beginning on page H3184. .
Notes: Totals may not add due to rounding. Only selected set-asides are presented in this table. Totals may not add due to rounding. Only selected set-asides are presented in this table. The addition of non-add indicates that the set-asides listed are not exhaustive. Figures include Figures include
advance appropriations available in the fiscal year, rather than provided in the bil . advance appropriations available in the fiscal year, rather than provided in the bil .
a. Amount adjusted for floor amendment. a. Amount adjusted for floor amendment.
b. Of this amount, $695 mil ion is designated as being for an emergency requirement by Section 420 of b. Of this amount, $695 mil ion is designated as being for an emergency requirement by Section 420 of
Division L of P.L. 116-260. Division L of P.L. 116-260.
c. This amount includes $295 mil ion “for activities targeted to the revitalization of deteriorating or c. This amount includes $295 mil ion “for activities targeted to the revitalization of deteriorating or
deteriorated neighborhoods and places with the greatest need, as determined by the Secretary,” by a deteriorated neighborhoods and places with the greatest need, as determined by the Secretary,” by a
separate formula. separate formula.
d. The bil allows for d. The bil allows for up to $935.5 mil ion to be set aside within the account for Economic Development $935.5 mil ion to be set aside within the account for Economic Development
Initiative projects. If less than this amount is set aside, then more may be available for formula grants. Initiative projects. If less than this amount is set aside, then more may be available for formula grants.
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~~THUD Appropriations for FY2022~~

e. All funding contained in this set-aside is earmarked for congressionally-requested projects, as described in e. All funding contained in this set-aside is earmarked for congressionally-requested projects, as described in
the text box “Return of Earmarks” earlier in this report. the text box “Return of Earmarks” earlier in this report.
Congressional Research Service 18 THUD Appropriations for FY2022 f. f.
Some or all of the cost of funding these accounts is offset by the col ection of fees or other receipts. Those Some or all of the cost of funding these accounts is offset by the col ection of fees or other receipts. Those
offsets are shown later in this table. offsets are shown later in this table.
g. Part of this increase would support a temporary expansion of the Good Neighbor Next Door program and g. Part of this increase would support a temporary expansion of the Good Neighbor Next Door program and
a new Home Equity Accelerator Loan pilot. See pp. 28-1 and 28-2 of HUD’s FY2022 budget justifications. a new Home Equity Accelerator Loan pilot. See pp. 28-1 and 28-2 of HUD’s FY2022 budget justifications.
h. Includes estimated receipts attributable to a general provision (§230) included in the President’s request to h. Includes estimated receipts attributable to a general provision (§230) included in the President’s request to
allow GNMA to securitize certain state housing finance agency risk-sharing loans. The requested provision allow GNMA to securitize certain state housing finance agency risk-sharing loans. The requested provision
was not included in the House was not included in the House ~~committee bil .~~
i.
~~P.L. 117-2 provided $10.770 bil ion in additional mandatory funding for HUD programs for COVID-19~~
~~response and relief purposes in FY2021. Those funds are not reflected in this table.~~
bil , Senate draft, or final law. i. Section 238 of the HUD General Provisions includes a rescission of unobligated balances from the Executive Office and Management Support Office within the Management and Administration account, which CBO estimated at $29 mil ion. j. P.L. 117-2 provided $10.770 bil ion in additional mandatory funding for HUD programs for COVID-19 response and relief purposes in FY2021. Those funds are not reflected in this table. k. Division B of the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43) provided $5 bil ion in emergency supplemental FY2022 funding for HUD’s Community Development Block Grant disaster recovery grants. Selected FY2022 HUD Appropriations Issues
Rental Assistance Funding
Through various programs utilizing different mechanisms, the federal government subsidizes the Through various programs utilizing different mechanisms, the federal government subsidizes the
rents of nearly 4.6 million low-income households, allowing them to pay affordable, below-rents of nearly 4.6 million low-income households, allowing them to pay affordable, below-
market rents, generally set at 30% of a family’s income. The vast majority of HUD funding each market rents, generally set at 30% of a family’s income. The vast majority of HUD funding each
year is devoted to maintaining these rental assistance programs, which include (from largest to year is devoted to maintaining these rental assistance programs, which include (from largest to
smallest in terms of households served in FY2020): smallest in terms of households served in FY2020):
 Housing Choice Vouchers (2.3 million households (HHs));  Housing Choice Vouchers (2.3 million households (HHs));
 Section 8 project-based rental assistance (1.2 million HHs);  Section 8 project-based rental assistance (1.2 million HHs);
 public housing (880,000 HHs);  public housing (880,000 HHs);
 Section 202 Housing for the Elderly (124,000 HHs); and  Section 202 Housing for the Elderly (124,000 HHs); and
 Section 811 Housing for Persons with Disabilities (32,000 HHs). Section 811 Housing for Persons with Disabilities (32,000 HHs).1719
Funding for these rental assistance programs accounts for roughly 80% of HUD’s total (gross) Funding for these rental assistance programs accounts for roughly 80% of HUD’s total (gross)
appropriations, most of which is used to maintain assistance for currently assisted families. appropriations, most of which is used to maintain assistance for currently assisted families.
Although it is estimated that roughly one in four eligible households receives rental assistance, Although it is estimated that roughly one in four eligible households receives rental assistance,
leading to waiting lists for assistance in most communities, expansions of these programs to serve leading to waiting lists for assistance in most communities, expansions of these programs to serve
new families have been limited. For many years, new Housing Choice Vouchers (referred to as new families have been limited. For many years, new Housing Choice Vouchers (referred to as
incremental vouchers) have been funded only for homeless veterans, via the Veterans Affairs incremental vouchers) have been funded only for homeless veterans, via the Veterans Affairs
Supportive Housing (VASH) program, and for child welfare-involved families and former foster Supportive Housing (VASH) program, and for child welfare-involved families and former foster
youth, via the Family Unification Program (FUP). While some funding for new Section 202 and youth, via the Family Unification Program (FUP). While some funding for new Section 202 and
Section 811 units has been provided, HUD has no funding or authority to expand the public Section 811 units has been provided, HUD has no funding or authority to expand the public
housing or Section 8 project-based rental assistance programs. One challenge with expanding housing or Section 8 project-based rental assistance programs. One challenge with expanding
rental assistance programs has been the need for funding to renew newly created subsidies in rental assistance programs has been the need for funding to renew newly created subsidies in
subsequent years. In light of caps on domestic discretionary spending, growing renewal costs can subsequent years. In light of caps on domestic discretionary spending, growing renewal costs can
lead to difficult trade-offs in the appropriations process. lead to difficult trade-offs in the appropriations process.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, some of the largest expansions in rental assistance in In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, some of the largest expansions in rental assistance in
recent years were funded in FY2021, with mandatory ARPA funding for 70,000 new (albeit recent years were funded in FY2021, with mandatory ARPA funding for 70,000 new (albeit
~~temporary) vouchers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as additional discretionary~~
~~funding of $43 million in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, for new incremental~~
~~vouchers for persons who are homeless or at-risk of homelessness.~~

1719 HUD FY2022 Congressional Budget Justifications, HUD FY2022 Congressional Budget Justifications, Overview of Rental Assistance Programs, p. 2-1, , p. 2-1,
https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/5_2022CJ-OverviewofRentalAssistancePrograms.pdf. https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/5_2022CJ-OverviewofRentalAssistancePrograms.pdf.
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THUD Appropriations for FY2022

temporary) vouchers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as additional discretionary funding of $43 million in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, for new incremental vouchers for persons who are homeless or at-risk of homelessness. For FY2022, the President’s budget proposed directing $6.1 billion of the total $7.5 billion in For FY2022, the President’s budget proposed directing $6.1 billion of the total $7.5 billion in
increased funding requested over FY2021 to rental assistance programs. In addition to increased funding requested over FY2021 to rental assistance programs. In addition to
maintaining assistance to the 4.6 million currently assisted households, part of this increase is maintaining assistance to the 4.6 million currently assisted households, part of this increase is
intended to fund expansions in rental assistance. intended to fund expansions in rental assistance.
Housing Choice Vouchers
The President’s budget request included $1.5 billion in the tenant-based rental assistance account The President’s budget request included $1.5 billion in the tenant-based rental assistance account
for new incremental Housing Choice Vouchers. Budget documents for new incremental Housing Choice Vouchers. Budget documents ~~state~~stated this would allow the this would allow the
program to serve an additional 200,000 families, the largest increase since the program was program to serve an additional 200,000 families, the largest increase since the program was
authorized. authorized.
The request also included an increase in administrative fee funding ($2.8 billion, or +29% over The request also included an increase in administrative fee funding ($2.8 billion, or +29% over
FY2021) and a new set-aside to fund mobility services to help families relocate to areas of FY2021) and a new set-aside to fund mobility services to help families relocate to areas of
opportunity ($491 million). opportunity ($491 million).
The House bill The House bill ~~would provide~~proposed just over $1 billion for new incremental vouchers, which H.Rept. just over $1 billion for new incremental vouchers, which H.Rept.
117-99 estimated would serve 125,000 additional families. While lower than the President’s 117-99 estimated would serve 125,000 additional families. While lower than the President’s
request, this expansion would still be the largest since the program’s inception. Additionally, request, this expansion would still be the largest since the program’s inception. Additionally,
while the President’s budget included no funding for new VASH or FUP vouchers, the House bill while the President’s budget included no funding for new VASH or FUP vouchers, the House bill
included $20 million for VASH and $25 million for FUP. The House bill included $20 million for VASH and $25 million for FUP. The House bill ~~would increase~~proposed increased funding funding
for administrative fees above the FY2021 level (+14%), but not as high as requested, and for administrative fees above the FY2021 level (+14%), but not as high as requested, and ~~would~~proposed to
fund the new mobility services set-aside, but at a reduced level ($150 million). The Senate fund the new mobility services set-aside, but at a reduced level ($150 million). The Senate
Committee Chair’s draft included increased funding for VASH and FUP relative to FY2021 and Committee Chair’s draft included increased funding for VASH and FUP relative to FY2021 and
the House bill, but less for other new incremental vouchers ($75 million, for families with young the House bill, but less for other new incremental vouchers ($75 million, for families with young
children to move to low-poverty neighborhoods).children to move to low-poverty neighborhoods). The final FY2022 appropriations law matched the Senate draft funding levels for FUP and VASH and included $200 million for other incremental vouchers.
Section 202 and Section 811
The President’s budget also The President’s budget also ~~proposes~~proposed funding increases for the Section 202 Supportive Housing funding increases for the Section 202 Supportive Housing
for the Elderly and Section 811 Supportive Housing for Persons with Disabilities programs (+$73 for the Elderly and Section 811 Supportive Housing for Persons with Disabilities programs (+$73
million and +$45 million over FY2021, respectively). The President’s budget documents million and +$45 million over FY2021, respectively). The President’s budget documents ~~note~~ noted the the
funding levels requested would be sufficient to create approximately 2,000 new units—1,100 for funding levels requested would be sufficient to create approximately 2,000 new units—1,100 for
Section 202 and 900 for Section 811. Section 202 and 900 for Section 811.
The House bill The House bill ~~would provide~~proposed more than the requested amount for each program (+$178 million more than the requested amount for each program (+$178 million
for Section 202 and +$125 million for Section 811 relative to FY2021). H.Rept. 117-99 noted that for Section 202 and +$125 million for Section 811 relative to FY2021). H.Rept. 117-99 noted that
the amounts provided would be sufficient to fund more than double the President’s requested the amounts provided would be sufficient to fund more than double the President’s requested
units (2,250 new units for Section 202; 1,800 new units for Section 811). The Senate Committee units (2,250 new units for Section 202; 1,800 new units for Section 811). The Senate Committee
Chair’s draft proposed level funding for Section 811 relative to FY2021; an increase above the Chair’s draft proposed level funding for Section 811 relative to FY2021; an increase above the
President’s request for Section 202, but less than the House bill ($956 million). President’s request for Section 202, but less than the House bill ($956 million).
~~Public Housing~~
~~The President’s budget request included “full funding” of the public housing program. That~~
~~means that the amount requested is~~The final FY2022 appropriations law funded these programs at the House-passed level. Public Housing The President’s budget request for public housing was estimated to cover the full cost of public housing operating estimated to cover the full cost of public housing operating
expenses under the operating fund formula, and expenses under the operating fund formula, and ~~that~~ the amount requested for the amount requested for ~~capital grants~~
~~would~~ Congressional Research Service 20 link to page 25 THUD Appropriations for FY2022 capital grants was intended to be sufficient to meet the full estimated annual capital accrual needs in public housing be sufficient to meet the full estimated annual capital accrual needs in public housing.
~~The House bill would~~ (although not sufficient to address the backlog of capital needs in public housing, estimated to be as much as $70 billion). The request also included requests for new funding for various energy efficiency, water efficiency, utility consumption reduction, and climate resiliency incentives/grants. The House bill proposed to exceed the President’s requested funding level for public housing both in exceed the President’s requested funding level for public housing both in
terms of operating and capital funding; the Senate Committee Chair’s draft terms of operating and capital funding; the Senate Committee Chair’s draft ~~proposes a~~ proposed a larger larger
increase in funding for public housing than the House bill.increase in funding for public housing than the House bill.
~~Congressional Research Service~~

17

~~link to page 21~~ ~~THUD Appropriations for FY2022~~
The final FY2022 funding law met or exceeded the President’s request for operating and capital funding for public housing, but did not include any of the add-on grants/incentives the President’s budget had requested.
Formula Grants
HUD’s budget includes funding for a number of formula grants to states, municipalities, and HUD’s budget includes funding for a number of formula grants to states, municipalities, and
tribes for a range of housing and community development purposes. These include the CDBG tribes for a range of housing and community development purposes. These include the CDBG
programs, which can be used by states and localities for a wide range of community development programs, which can be used by states and localities for a wide range of community development
purposes; the HOME program, which can be used by states and localities for various affordable purposes; the HOME program, which can be used by states and localities for various affordable
housing purposes; and the Native American Housing Block Grant housing purposes; and the Native American Housing Block Grant (NAHBG) to tribes for affordable housing. to tribes for affordable housing.
The President’s budget request The President’s budget request ~~includes~~included funding increases relative to FY2021 for each of these funding increases relative to FY2021 for each of these
programs. Specifically, it programs. Specifically, it ~~would~~proposed to increase CDBG formula grants by $295 million (+8.6%); increase CDBG formula grants by $295 million (+8.6%);1820
HOME formula grants by $400 million (+30%); and NAHBG formula grants by $76 million HOME formula grants by $400 million (+30%); and NAHBG formula grants by $76 million
(+11.7%). (+11.7%).
The House bill also The House bill also ~~includes~~included increases for each of these formula grants relative to FY2021. It increases for each of these formula grants relative to FY2021. It
~~proposes~~proposed increasing CDBG formula grants relative to FY2021 by somewhat less than the increasing CDBG formula grants relative to FY2021 by somewhat less than the
President’s request (+$289 million, or +8.4%),President’s request (+$289 million, or +8.4%),1921 HOME formula grants relative to FY2021 by HOME formula grants relative to FY2021 by
more than the President’s request (+$450 million, or +33%), and NAHBG formula grants relative more than the President’s request (+$450 million, or +33%), and NAHBG formula grants relative
to FY2021 by slightly less than the request (+$75 million, or +11.6%). The Senate Committee to FY2021 by slightly less than the request (+$75 million, or +11.6%). The Senate Committee
Chair’s draft Chair’s draft ~~would increase~~proposed funding above the President’s request for NAHBG formula grants funding above the President’s request for NAHBG formula grants
~~but provide less than requested~~ but below the President’s requested level for CDBG and HOME formula grants (though an increase over for CDBG and HOME formula grants (though an increase over
~~FY2021).~~
FY2021). The final FY2022 appropriations law cut funding for CDBG formula grants (-4%), but increased funding for HOME formula grants (+11%) and NAHBG formula grants relative to FY2021 (+19%). Additionally, for the HOME program, the President’s budget requested $100 million for a new Additionally, for the HOME program, the President’s budget requested $100 million for a new
down payment assistance grant program; the House bill down payment assistance grant program; the House bill ~~would provide~~proposed $50 million for this $50 million for this
purpose. The Senate Committee Chair’s draft purpose. The Senate Committee Chair’s draft ~~does~~did not include funding for this down payment not include funding for this down payment
~~initiative~~initiative, and it was not funded in the final FY2022 law. .
Homelessness
In addition to the broader-purpose formula grants previously mentioned, HUD’s budget includes In addition to the broader-purpose formula grants previously mentioned, HUD’s budget includes
funding for formula and competitive grants specifically to address homelessness through two funding for formula and competitive grants specifically to address homelessness through two
accounts: the Homelessness Assistance Grants account, which funds the Continuum of Care accounts: the Homelessness Assistance Grants account, which funds the Continuum of Care
20 The Congressional Budget Justifications note that this requested increase would fund more geographically targeted activities for historically underserved areas, via a separate allocation format in which communities would opt in. For more information, see https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/18_2022CJ-CommunityDevelopmentFund.pdf#page=4. 21 The bill did not include the alternate funding formula requested by the President and discussed in footnote 20. Congressional Research Service 21 link to page 26 THUD Appropriations for FY2022 program and the Emergency Shelter Grants, and the Housing Opportunities for Persons with program and the Emergency Shelter Grants, and the Housing Opportunities for Persons with
AIDS (HOPWA) program. AIDS (HOPWA) program.
For FY2022, the President’s budget requested funding increases relative to FY2021 for both For FY2022, the President’s budget requested funding increases relative to FY2021 for both
Homeless Assistance Grants (+$500 million, or +17%) and HOPWA (+$20 million, or +5%). The Homeless Assistance Grants (+$500 million, or +17%) and HOPWA (+$20 million, or +5%). The
House bill House bill ~~would provide~~proposed a smaller increase relative to FY2021 than requested for the Homeless a smaller increase relative to FY2021 than requested for the Homeless
Assistance Grants (+$420 million, or +14%), but a larger increase relative to FY2021 than Assistance Grants (+$420 million, or +14%), but a larger increase relative to FY2021 than
requested for HOPWA (+$170 million or +40%). The committee report noted that requested for HOPWA (+$170 million or +40%). The committee report noted that ~~the~~its recommended HOPWA HOPWA
funding increasefunding increase ~~it recommends~~ is designed to allow HUD to hold harmless communities that is designed to allow HUD to hold harmless communities that
might otherwise receive a decrease as the agency implements an updated HOPWA formula in might otherwise receive a decrease as the agency implements an updated HOPWA formula in
FY2022. The Senate Committee Chair’s draft FY2022. The Senate Committee Chair’s draft ~~would increase~~included increased funding for Homeless Assistance funding for Homeless Assistance
Grants relative to FY2021, but less than the request; it Grants relative to FY2021, but less than the request; it ~~would~~proposed to match the request match the request for HOPWA. The final FY2022 appropriations law included an increase for the Homeless Assistance Grants relative to FY2021, but less than was requested or proposed by the House or Senate draft bills. It met the President’s request for HOPWA.~~for HOPWA.~~

~~18 The Congressional Budget Justifications note that this requested increase would fund more geographically targeted~~
~~activities for historically underserved areas, via a separate allocation format in which communities would opt in. For~~
~~more information, see https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/18_2022CJ-~~
~~CommunityDevelopmentFund.pdf#page=4.~~
~~19 The bill did not include the alternate funding formula requested by the President and discussed in footnote 18.~~
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Climate Initiative
The Administration attributes $800 million of the $7.1 billion in increased funding it requested The Administration attributes $800 million of the $7.1 billion in increased funding it requested
for HUD relative to FY2021 to a new climate initiative. The department’s budget documents state for HUD relative to FY2021 to a new climate initiative. The department’s budget documents state
that the funding will be used for “targeted investments to improve the quality of housing through that the funding will be used for “targeted investments to improve the quality of housing through
climate resilience and energy efficiency.”climate resilience and energy efficiency.”2022
The $800 million is composed of a request for $250 million for a new energy and green retrofit The $800 million is composed of a request for $250 million for a new energy and green retrofit
grant program for multifamily housing funded in a new account, as well as set-asides for new or grant program for multifamily housing funded in a new account, as well as set-asides for new or
expanded initiatives in a number of existing accounts. expanded initiatives in a number of existing accounts.
As shown i As shown in Table 56, the House bill the House bill ~~would~~proposed to partially fund two of the elements of the climate partially fund two of the elements of the climate
initiative proposed by the President; the Senate Committee Chair’s draft initiative proposed by the President; the Senate Committee Chair’s draft ~~contains~~contained no funding for no funding for
any of these initiativesany of these initiatives. The proposals were not funded in the final FY2022 appropriations law. Table 6.
~~Table 5~~. HUD Climate Initiative Funding
(dollars in millions) (dollars in millions)

Senate
Cmte
President’s
Chair
Account
Activity
Request
House Bill
Draft
Enacted
Public Housing Fund Public Housing Fund
Utility Conservation and Utility Conservation and
Climate Resilience Climate Resilience
245 245
100 100
0 0

0 Public Housing Fund Public Housing Fund
Energy Performance Energy Performance
Contracts Contracts
55 55
50 50
0 0

0 Choice Choice
Climate Grants Climate Grants
~~Neighborhoods~~
5050 0
0 0
0 0

Neighborhoods Native American Native American
Energy and Water efficiency Energy and Water efficiency
~~Programs~~
~~competitive grants~~
~~100~~100 0 0
0 0
0

Programs competitive grants Green and Resilient Green and Resilient
Green and Resilient Retrofit Green and Resilient Retrofit
~~Retrofit Program~~
~~Program~~
~~250~~
0
0

250 0 0 0 Retrofit Program Program 22 HUD FY2022 Congressional Budget Justifications, Climate Initiative, p. 3-1, https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/6_2022CJ_ClimateInitiative.pdf. Congressional Research Service 22 link to page 27 THUD Appropriations for FY2022 Senate Cmte President’s Chair Account Activity Request House Bill Draft Enacted Tenant Based Rental Tenant Based Rental
Rental Assistance Rental Assistance
Assistance Assistance
Demonstration Demonstration
50 50
0 0
0 0

0 Project Based Rental Project Based Rental
Rental Assistance Rental Assistance
Assistance Assistance
Demonstration Demonstration
50 50
0 0
0 0

0 Sources: HUD FY2022 Congressional Budget Justifications, Climate Initiative, p. 3-1; H.Rept. 117-99; and HUD FY2022 Congressional Budget Justifications, Climate Initiative, p. 3-1; H.Rept. 117-99; and
Division G of H.R. 4502, as passed by the House; Senate majority draft bil and report as posted at Division G of H.R. 4502, as passed by the House; Senate majority draft bil and report as posted at
https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/majority/chairman-leahy-releases-remaining-nine-senate-https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/majority/chairman-leahy-releases-remaining-nine-senate-
appropriations-bil sappropriations-bil s; final FY2022 figures taken from the funding tables included in the explanatory statement accompanying the Consolidated Appropriations Act, as published in the Congressional Record on March 9, 2022, beginning on p. H3184. .
THUD Related Agencies
As shown iAs shown in Table 67, most of the related agencies funded in the THUD bill would have received ost of the related agencies funded in the THUD bill would have received
level or slightly increased funding relative to the prior year under the President’s FY2022 budget level or slightly increased funding relative to the prior year under the President’s FY2022 budget
request, and these requests were supported by the House. The notable exception is the request, and these requests were supported by the House. The notable exception is the
Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation, for which a 3% ($5 million) increase was requested, Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation, for which a 3% ($5 million) increase was requested,

~~20 HUD FY2022 Congressional Budget Justifications, Climate Initiative, p. 3-1, https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/~~
~~documents/6_2022CJ_ClimateInitiative.pdf.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

19

~~THUD Appropriations for FY2022~~

and for which the House recommended a 12% ($20 million) increase over FY2021. The Senate and for which the House recommended a 12% ($20 million) increase over FY2021. The Senate
Committee Chair’s draft Committee Chair’s draft ~~proposes to provide~~proposed providing the same amount as requested overall, although the same amount as requested overall, although ~~the~~with
funds funds ~~are~~ distributed somewhat differently across the related agencies. distributed somewhat differently across the related agencies.
The final FY2022 appropriations law included $398 million for related agencies, nearly the same as the President requested. Table 7 ~~Table 6~~. THUD Independent Agencies, FY2021-FY2022
(dollars in millions) (dollars in millions)
FY2022
Senate
Cmte
FY2021
FY2022
FY2022
Chair
FY2022
Related Agencies
Enacted Request
House
Draft
Enacted
Access Board Access Board
9 9
10 10
10 10
10 10

10 Federal Maritime Commission Federal Maritime Commission
30 30
31 31
31 31
33 33

33 National Railroad Passenger Corporation National Railroad Passenger Corporation
25 25
26 26
27 27
26 26

(Amtrak) Office of Inspector General (Amtrak) Office of Inspector General
26 National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board
118 118
121 121
121 121
123 123

121 Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation
~~(NeighborWorks)~~
165 165
170 170
185 185
166 166

166 (NeighborWorks) Surface Transportation Board Surface Transportation Board
38 38
39 39
39 39
39 39

39 Offsetting Col ections Offsetting Col ections
-1 -1
-1 -1
-1 -1
-1 -1

-1 U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness
4 4
4 4
4 4
4 4

4 Total
388
400
416
400

398 Congressional Research Service 23 THUD Appropriations for FY2022 Sources: Division G of H.R. 4502, as passed by the House and H.Rept. 117-99; Senate majority draft bil and Division G of H.R. 4502, as passed by the House and H.Rept. 117-99; Senate majority draft bil and
report as posted at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/majority/chairman-leahy-releases-remaining-report as posted at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/majority/chairman-leahy-releases-remaining-
nine-senate-appropriations-bil snine-senate-appropriations-bil s; final FY2022 figures taken from the funding tables included in the explanatory statement accompanying the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, as published in the Congressional Record on March 9, 2022, beginning on page H3184. .
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding. Totals may not add due to rounding.
Selected Related Agencies Issues
NeighborWorks America
The Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (commonly known as NeighborWorks America) The Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (commonly known as NeighborWorks America)
was created via federal charter in 1978 to support affordable housing and neighborhood was created via federal charter in 1978 to support affordable housing and neighborhood
revitalization nationwide through a network of affiliated local organizations. From FY2018-revitalization nationwide through a network of affiliated local organizations. From FY2018-
FY2021, the Trump Administration’s budget requests to Congress requested only enough funding FY2021, the Trump Administration’s budget requests to Congress requested only enough funding
for NeighborWorks to allow the organization to wind down existing commitments until it ceased for NeighborWorks to allow the organization to wind down existing commitments until it ceased
operations. Despite these proposals, Congress continued to fund the organization in the annual operations. Despite these proposals, Congress continued to fund the organization in the annual
appropriations acts. The first budget request of the Biden Administration requested a $5 million appropriations acts. The first budget request of the Biden Administration requested a $5 million
increase over the FY2021 enacted level for NeighborWorks. The House bill included increase over the FY2021 enacted level for NeighborWorks. The House bill included ~~an even~~
a larger increase ($20 million), and designated $25 million of the total funding for a competitive larger increase ($20 million), and designated $25 million of the total funding for a competitive
grant program to fund revitalization in areas with concentrations of abandoned or distressed grant program to fund revitalization in areas with concentrations of abandoned or distressed
properties.properties.2123 The Senate Committee Chair’s draft The Senate Committee Chair’s draft ~~would provide~~proposed an increase over FY2021 (+$1 an increase over FY2021 (+$1
million)million).

~~21 See pp. 161-162 of H.Rept. 117-99.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

20

~~THUD Appropriations for FY2022~~
, but less than requested or proposed by the House. The final FY2022 appropriations law adopted the Senate draft level.

Author Information

Maggie McCarty Maggie McCarty
David Randall Peterman David Randall Peterman
Specialist in Housing Policy Specialist in Housing Policy
Analyst in Transportation Policy Analyst in Transportation Policy

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23 See pp. 161-162 of H.Rept. 117-99. Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service
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