Trade-Related Agencies: FY2022 Appropriations, Commerce, Science, Justice and Related Agencies (CJS)

Changes from January 13, 2022 to July 8, 2022

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Trade-Related Agencies: FY2022
~~January 13~~July 8, 2022 , 2022
Appropriations, Commerce, Science, Justice
Keigh E. Hammond,
and Related Agencies (CJS)
Coordinator
Senior Research Librarian Senior Research Librarian
This report provides an overview of the Fiscal Year (FY) 2022 budget request and appropriations This report provides an overview of the Fiscal Year (FY) 2022 budget request and appropriations

for the International Trade Administration (ITA), the U.S. International Trade Commission for the International Trade Administration (ITA), the U.S. International Trade Commission
M. Angeles Villarreal
(USITC), and the Office of the (USITC), and the Office of the ~~vUnited~~United States Trade Representative (USTR). These three trade- States Trade Representative (USTR). These three trade-
Specialist in International Specialist in International
related agencies are funded through the annual Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related related agencies are funded through the annual Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related
Trade and Finance Trade and Finance
Agencies (CJS) appropriations. This report also reviews these trade agencies’ programs. Agencies (CJS) appropriations. This report also reviews these trade agencies’ programs. ~~This~~

~~report will be updated throughout the budget cycle.~~

~~The Administration’s FY2022 Budget Request~~
~~The President submitted his budget request to Congress on May 28, 2021.~~ The Administration’s FY2022 Budget Request For FY2022, the Administration For FY2022, the Administration ~~requests~~requested a total of a total of
$735.3 million in appropriations for the three CJS trade-related agencies. $735.3 million in appropriations for the three CJS trade-related agencies. ~~This~~The request request iswas $32.3 million (4.6%) more than the $32.3 million (4.6%) more than the
FY2021 enacted levelFY2021 enacted level~~. The request~~, and included the following for the three agencies. included the following for the three agencies.
  ITA: $559.3 million in direct appropriations, 5.5% more than the FY2021 enacted amount; $559.3 million in direct appropriations, 5.5% more than the FY2021 enacted amount;
  USITC: $103.0 million, an amount equal to the FY2021 enacted amount;$103.0 million, an amount equal to the FY2021 enacted amount;
  USTR: a total of $73.0 million, 4.3% more than the FY2021 enacted amount.a total of $73.0 million, 4.3% more than the FY2021 enacted amount. (Total USTR funding includes direct appropriations and funds from the Trade Enforcement Trust Fund.)

Congressional Actions
The House Committee on Appropriations reported its FY2022 CJS appropriations proposal, H.R. 4505The House Committee on Appropriations reported its FY2022 CJS appropriations proposal, H.R. 4505 (117th Congress), on July 19, 2021. The , on July 19, 2021. The
House committee-reported bill House committee-reported bill ~~proposes~~proposed a total of $757.7 million for the three CJS trade-related agencies, a total of $757.7 million for the three CJS trade-related agencies, ~~which is~~an amount $54.7 $54.7
million (7.8%) more than the FY2021 enacted amount and $22.4 million (3.0%) more than the President’s budget request. million (7.8%) more than the FY2021 enacted amount and $22.4 million (3.0%) more than the President’s budget request.
The House committee-reported bill The House committee-reported bill ~~proposes~~proposed the following for the three agencies: the following for the three agencies:
  ITA: $566.4 million in direct appropriations, 6.9% more than FY2021 enacted level, and 1.3% more than : $566.4 million in direct appropriations, 6.9% more than FY2021 enacted level, and 1.3% more than
the Administration’s request; the Administration’s request;
  USITC: $118.5 million, 15.0% more than both the FY2021 enacted level and the President’s request; : $118.5 million, 15.0% more than both the FY2021 enacted level and the President’s request;
  USTR: a total of $72.8 million, 4.0% more than FY2021 enacted level, and 0.3% less than the President’s : a total of $72.8 million, 4.0% more than FY2021 enacted level, and 0.3% less than the President’s
request. request.

In the Senate, a CJS appropriations proposal, S. 3042 In the Senate, a CJS appropriations proposal, S. 3042 (117th Congress), was introduced on October 21, 2021 and referred to the Committee on , was introduced on October 21, 2021 and referred to the Committee on
Appropriations. The bill Appropriations. The bill ~~proposes~~proposed a total of $764.6 million for the three CJS trade-related agencies, which a total of $764.6 million for the three CJS trade-related agencies, which isrepresented $61.6 million $61.6 million
(8.8%) more than the FY2021 enacted amount, and $29.3 million (4.0%) more than the President’s request. The draft bill (8.8%) more than the FY2021 enacted amount, and $29.3 million (4.0%) more than the President’s request. The draft bill
~~proposes~~proposed the following for the three agencies the following for the three agencies.:
  ITA: $572.8 million in direct appropriations, 8.1% more than FY2021 enacted level, and 2.4% more than $572.8 million in direct appropriations, 8.1% more than FY2021 enacted level, and 2.4% more than
the President’s request; the President’s request;
  USITC: $118.8 million, 15.3% more than both the FY2021 enacted level and the President’s request; $118.8 million, 15.3% more than both the FY2021 enacted level and the President’s request;
  USTR: a total of $73.0 million, 4.3% more than the FY2021 enacted level, and equal to the President’s a total of $73.0 million, 4.3% more than the FY2021 enacted level, and equal to the President’s
request. request.

~~Congress has passed continuing resolutions that continue funding for these agencies through February 18, 2022 (P.L. 117-~~
~~70).~~

~~Congressional Research Service~~

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Background
The International Trade Administration (ITA), the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC), The International Trade Administration (ITA), the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC),
and the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) are and the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) are ~~the~~ three trade-related three trade-related
agencies funded through the annual Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) agencies funded through the annual Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS)
appropriations.1 This report provides an overview of these agencies’ programs and a comparison appropriations.1 This report provides an overview of these agencies’ programs and a comparison
of the FY2022 CJS proposals with the previous fiscal year’s enacted legislation.2 In this report, of the FY2022 CJS proposals with the previous fiscal year’s enacted legislation.2 In this report,
appropriations are rounded to the nearest thousandappropriations are rounded to the nearest thousand dollar value. However, for greater accuracy, percentage . However, for greater accuracy, percentage
change and annual differences are calculated using whole, not rounded, numbers; this means that change and annual differences are calculated using whole, not rounded, numbers; this means that
in some instances totals may not sum due to rounding and there may be small differences between in some instances totals may not sum due to rounding and there may be small differences between
the actual percentage change and the percentage change that would be calculated by using the the actual percentage change and the percentage change that would be calculated by using the
rounded amounts discussed in the report. rounded amounts discussed in the report.
The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260), provided a total of $703.0 million for The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260), provided a total of $703.0 million for
the three trade agencies, including $530.0 million in direct appropriations for ITA; 3 $103.0 the three trade agencies, including $530.0 million in direct appropriations for ITA; 3 $103.0
million for USITC; and a total of $70.0 million for USTR.4 The FY2021 appropriations for the million for USITC; and a total of $70.0 million for USTR.4 The FY2021 appropriations for the
three CJS trade-related agencies represented a 3.6% increase ($24.4 million) from the previous three CJS trade-related agencies represented a 3.6% increase ($24.4 million) from the previous
fiscal year’s enacted amount. fiscal year’s enacted amount.
In addition to regular appropriations, Congress also passed supplemental funding In addition to regular appropriations, Congress also passed supplemental funding in December 2019 for USTR in for USTR in
Title IX of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act (USMCA, P.L. 116-Title IX of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act (USMCA, P.L. 116-
113). USMCA provided a total of $90.0 million for USTR, to remain available until September 113). USMCA provided a total of $90.0 million for USTR, to remain available until September
30, 2023. The supplemental funds were provided for USTR to monitor compliance with labor and 30, 2023. The supplemental funds were provided for USTR to monitor compliance with labor and
environmental obligations of the agreement and to carry out the enforcement of USMCA environmental obligations of the agreement and to carry out the enforcement of USMCA
environmental obligations, including for state-to-state dispute settlement actions. In this report, environmental obligations, including for state-to-state dispute settlement actions. In this report,
the FY2021 the FY2021 and FY2022 funding levels are taken from the Consolidated Appropriations funding levels are taken from the Consolidated Appropriations ~~Act, 2021~~Acts of 2021 and 2022, and do not , and do not
include supplemental appropriations provided in USMCA. include supplemental appropriations provided in USMCA.
See th See the Appendix for enacted budget authority for the trade-related agencies for FY2012-for enacted budget authority for the trade-related agencies for FY2012-
FY2021. FY2021.
FY2022 Appropriations
For FY2022, the Administration For FY2022, the Administration ~~requests~~requested a total of $735.3 million in appropriations for the three a total of $735.3 million in appropriations for the three
CJS trade-related agencies CJS trade-related agencies (Table 1). . ~~This~~The request request isrepresented $32.3 million (4.6%) more than the FY2021 $32.3 million (4.6%) more than the FY2021
enacted amount. The President’s budget enacted amount. The President’s budget ~~includes~~included $559.3 million in direct appropriations for ITA; $559.3 million in direct appropriations for ITA;
$103.0 million for USITC; and a total of $73.0 million for USTR$103.0 million for USITC; and a total of $73.0 million for USTR.4
The House Committee-reported bill (H.R. 4505 The House Committee-reported bill (H.R. 4505, 117th Congress) proposed~~) proposes~~ a total of $757.7 million in a total of $757.7 million in
appropriations for the three CJS trade-related agencies, which appropriations for the three CJS trade-related agencies, which iswas $54.7 million (7.8%) more than $54.7 million (7.8%) more than
the FY2021 enacted amount and $22.4 million (3.0%) more than the the FY2021 enacted amount and $22.4 million (3.0%) more than the ~~President’s budget request.~~

1 For more on the overall CJS appropriations, see CRS Report R46868, 1 For more on the overall CJS appropriations, see CRS Report R46868, Overview of FY2022 Appropriations for
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS), by Nathan James. , by Nathan James.
2 The FY2021 funding levels stated in this report reflect the amounts appropriated in the Consolidated Appropriations 2 The FY2021 funding levels stated in this report reflect the amounts appropriated in the Consolidated Appropriations
Act, 2021. They do not include supplemental appropriations provided in USMCA (P.L. 116-113). Act, 2021. They do not include supplemental appropriations provided in USMCA (P.L. 116-113).
3 ITA is funded through a combination of direct appropriations and user fees the agency collects for certain services. 3 ITA is funded through a combination of direct appropriations and user fees the agency collects for certain services.
SeeSee Table 1 for additional detail. for additional detail.
4 Total USTR funding amounts in this report include both direct appropriations for “salaries and expenses,” 4 Total USTR funding amounts in this report include both direct appropriations for “salaries and expenses,” ~~as well as~~and
funding to be derived from the Trade Enforcement Trust Fund for certain trade enforcement activities. See section on funding to be derived from the Trade Enforcement Trust Fund for certain trade enforcement activities. See section on
“Trade Enforcement Trust Fund (TETF), USTR” in this report. in this report.
Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

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~~The House bill would provide~~President’s budget request. The House committee-reported bill would have provided $566.4 million in direct appropriations for ITA; $118.5 million for $566.4 million in direct appropriations for ITA; $118.5 million for
USITC; and a total of $72.8 million for USTR. USITC; and a total of $72.8 million for USTR.
On October 21, 2021, a CJS proposal was introduced in the Senate (S. 3042 On October 21, 2021, a CJS proposal was introduced in the Senate (S. 3042, 117th Congress). The bill was ). The bill was
referred to the Committee on Appropriations referred to the Committee on Appropriations ~~and has yet to be~~but was not marked up by the whole marked up by the whole
committee. The Senate CJS bill committee. The Senate CJS bill ~~proposes~~proposed a total of $764.6 million for the three CJS trade-related a total of $764.6 million for the three CJS trade-related
agencies, which agencies, which isrepresented $61.6 million (8.8%) more than the FY2021-enacted amount, and $29.3 $61.6 million (8.8%) more than the FY2021-enacted amount, and $29.3
million (4.0%) more than the President’s request. The bill million (4.0%) more than the President’s request. The bill ~~proposes~~proposed $572.8 million in direct $572.8 million in direct
appropriations for ITA; $118.8 million for USITC; and a total of $73.0 million for USTR. appropriations for ITA; $118.8 million for USITC; and a total of $73.0 million for USTR.
~~Congress has passed continuing resolutions (P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70) that continue funding these~~
~~agencies at FY2021 levels, through February 18, 2022~~Following a series of continuing resolutions, Congress passed the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, which was signed into law on March 15, 2022 (P.L. 117-103). The Act provided $740.0 million for the three trade-related agencies, which represented $37.0 million (5.3%) more than the FY2021 enacted amount, and $4.7 million (0.6%) more than the President’s budget request. The Act included $559.0 million in direct appropriations for ITA; $110.0 million for USITC; and a total of $71.0 million for USTR. .
Table 1. Appropriations for CJS Trade-Related Agencies, FY2021-FY2022
Millions of Current U.S. Dollars Millions of Current U.S. Dollars
FY2022
~~House-~~
House- FY2022 FY2022
Committee
Senate
Enacted CJS Trade-
FY2021
FY2022
Reported
Introduced
~~FY2022~~
(P.L. 117- Related Agency
Enacted
Request
(H.R. 4505)
(S. 3042)
~~Enacted~~103)
International Trade Administration International Trade Administration
530.0 530.0
559.3 559.3
566.4 566.4
572.8 572.8

559.0 (ITA) (direct (ITA) (direct ~~appropriation~~sappropriations)a
U.S. International Trade Commission U.S. International Trade Commission
103.0 103.0
103.0 103.0
118.5 118.5
118.8 118.8

~~(USIT~~C 110.0 (USITC)b
Office of the U.S. Trade Representative Office of the U.S. Trade Representative
70.0 70.0
73.0 73.0
72.8 72.8
73.0 73.0

~~(USTR~~ 71.0 (USTR)c
Total
703.0 703.0
735.3 735.3
757.7 757.7
764.6 764.6
740.0
Sources: The FY2021-enacted amounts are in P.L. 116-260The FY2021-enacted amounts are in P.L. 116-260, and the FY2022-enacted amounts are in P.L. 117-103. For the FY2022 request, see the appendix tables to . For the FY2022 request, see the appendix tables to
the President’s Budget. the President’s Budget.
Notes: Totals may not sum due to rounding.
a. In addition to the direct appropriations listed above, ITA’s budget authority includes a portion to be derived a. In addition to the direct appropriations listed above, ITA’s budget authority includes a portion to be derived
from user fees, which increases ITA’s available funds. For FY2021, ITA’s available funds were $541.0 from user fees, which increases ITA’s available funds. For FY2021, ITA’s available funds were $541.0 ~~mil ion,~~
million, including $11.0 including $11.0 ~~mil ion~~million in user fees. FY2022 proposals in user fees. FY2022 proposals ~~would~~and enacted amount also include an additional $11.0 also include an additional $11.0 ~~mil ion~~million to be to be
derived from user fees, raising ITA’s available funds. derived from user fees, raising ITA’s available funds.
b. In the table, USITC’s request represents the President’s budget request. The Commission is also directed to b. In the table, USITC’s request represents the President’s budget request. The Commission is also directed to
submit an independent request directly to Congress (19 U.S.C. §2232). The Commission’s independent submit an independent request directly to Congress (19 U.S.C. §2232). The Commission’s independent
request for FY2022 request for FY2022 iswas $118.8 $118.8 ~~mil ion~~million. .
c. USTR appropriations include direct appropriations for salaries and expenses and funds to be derived from c. USTR appropriations include direct appropriations for salaries and expenses and funds to be derived from
the Trade Enforcement Trust Fund (TETF) for certain trade enforcement activities. Supplemental funding the Trade Enforcement Trust Fund (TETF) for certain trade enforcement activities. Supplemental funding
provided in USMCA provided in USMCA implementing legislation is excluded from USTR totals above. is excluded from USTR totals above.
Congressional Research Service 2 link to page 7 link to page 16 Trade-Related Agencies: FY2022 Appropriations (CJS) International Trade Administration (ITA)5
ITA is a bureau within the Department of Commerce whose mission is to improve U.S. prosperity ITA is a bureau within the Department of Commerce whose mission is to improve U.S. prosperity
by strengthening the competitiveness of U.S. industry, promoting trade and investment, and by strengthening the competitiveness of U.S. industry, promoting trade and investment, and
ensuring compliance with trade laws and agreements. ITA provides export promotion services, ensuring compliance with trade laws and agreements. ITA provides export promotion services,

~~5 In this report, the budget authority figures for ITA’s subunits have been rounded; however, calculations comparing~~
~~ITA’s FY2021 budget and the FY2022 proposals are based on the original figures, as identified in ITA’s FY2021 and~~
~~FY2022 congressional budget justifications.~~
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works to enforce and ensure compliance with trade laws and agreements, administers trade works to enforce and ensure compliance with trade laws and agreements, administers trade
remedies such as antidumping and countervailing duties, and provides analytical support for remedies such as antidumping and countervailing duties, and provides analytical support for
ongoing trade negotiations.6 ongoing trade negotiations.6
In October 2013, ITA reorganized, consolidating four organizational units into three more In October 2013, ITA reorganized, consolidating four organizational units into three more
functionally aligned units: (1) Global Markets, (2) Enforcement and Compliance, and (3) Industry functionally aligned units: (1) Global Markets, (2) Enforcement and Compliance, and (3) Industry
and Analysis. ITA also has a fourth organizational unit, the Executive and Administrative and Analysis. ITA also has a fourth organizational unit, the Executive and Administrative
Directorate, which is responsible for providing policy leadership, information technology support, Directorate, which is responsible for providing policy leadership, information technology support,
and administration services for all of and administration services for all of ~~ITA.~~ ITA. (Table 2 outlines outlines the FY2022 budget FY2022 budget ~~proposals~~ for ITA by for ITA by
unit. For historical budget amounts for ITA units, see theunit. For historical budget amounts for ITA units, see the Appendix ..) )
ITA is funded through a combination of direct appropriations and user fees collected for certain ITA is funded through a combination of direct appropriations and user fees collected for certain
services. For FY2022, the Administration services. For FY2022, the Administration ~~requests~~requested $559.3 million in direct appropriations for $559.3 million in direct appropriations for
ITA, with an additional $11.0 million to be collected in fees, for a total of $570.3 million in ITA, with an additional $11.0 million to be collected in fees, for a total of $570.3 million in
authorized spending. The budget request authorized spending. The budget request iswas $29.3 million (5.5%) more than the FY2021 enacted $29.3 million (5.5%) more than the FY2021 enacted
direct appropriation. direct appropriation.
The House Appropriations Committee-reported bill (H.R. 4505) The House Appropriations Committee-reported bill (H.R. 4505) ~~would provide~~proposed $566.4 million in $566.4 million in
direct appropriations for ITA, with an additional $11.0 million to be collected in fees, for a total direct appropriations for ITA, with an additional $11.0 million to be collected in fees, for a total
of $577.4 million in authorized spending. The House proposal would of $577.4 million in authorized spending. The House proposal would behave been $36.4 million (6.9%) $36.4 million (6.9%)
more than the FY2021 enacted funding, and $7.1 million (1.3%) more than the Administration’s more than the FY2021 enacted funding, and $7.1 million (1.3%) more than the Administration’s
request. request.
The Senate introduced bill (S. 3042) The Senate introduced bill (S. 3042) ~~proposes~~proposed $572.8 million in direct appropriations for ITA, $572.8 million in direct appropriations for ITA,
with an additional $11.0 million to be collected in fees, for a total of $583.8 million in authorized with an additional $11.0 million to be collected in fees, for a total of $583.8 million in authorized
spending. The Senate proposal would spending. The Senate proposal would behave been $42.8 million (8.1%) more than the FY2021 enacted $42.8 million (8.1%) more than the FY2021 enacted
funding, and $13.5 million (2.4%) more than the President’s budget request. funding, and $13.5 million (2.4%) more than the President’s budget request.
The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-103), provided $559.0 million in direct appropriations for ITA, with an additional $11.0 million to be collected in fees, for a total of $570.0 million in authorized spending. The FY2022 appropriation is $29.0 million (5.5%) more than the FY2021 enacted funding, and $0.3 million (-0.1%) less than the President’s request. Table 2. ITA Appropriations, By Unit, FY2021-FY2022
Millions of Current U.S. Dollars Millions of Current U.S. Dollars
FY2022
House- FY2022
FY2021
~~House-~~
Committee Senate
FY2022 Enacted/
~~Committee~~Reported
Introduced
Enacted Budget
FY2022
~~Reported Bill~~ Bill (H.R. Bill (S.
~~FY2022~~
(P.L. 117- ITA Unit
Authority
Request
~~(H.R.~~ 4505)
3042)
~~Enacted~~103) ITA 530.0 559.3 566.4 572.8 559.0 5 In this report, the budget authority figures for ITA’s subunits have been rounded; however, calculations comparing ITA’s FY2021 budget and the FY2022 proposals are based on the original figures, as identified in ITA’s FY2021 and FY2022 congressional budget justifications. 6 For more on ITA, see https://www.trade.gov/. Congressional Research Service 3 link to page 8 link to page 8 link to page 8 link to page 8 link to page 8 link to page 8 link to page 8 link to page 8 link to page 8 link to page 8 link to page 16 link to page 14 Trade-Related Agencies: FY2022 Appropriations (CJS) FY2022 House- FY2022 FY2021 Committee Senate FY2022 Enacted/ Reported Introduced Enacted Budget FY2022 Bill (H.R. Bill (S. (P.L. 117- ITA Unit Authority Request 4505) 3042) 103)
~~ITA~~
~~530.0~~
~~559.3~~
~~566.4~~
~~572.8~~

Global Markets Global Markets
340.8 340.8
351.3 351.3
351.3 351.3
~~--a~~

—a 340.8b Enforcement and Enforcement and ~~Compliance~~
99.2 99.2
110.6 110.6
117.7 117.7
~~--a~~

—a 105.5b Compliance Industry and Analysis Industry and Analysis
66.0 66.0
72.1 72.1
--—a
~~--a~~

—a —a Executive Administration Executive Administration
24.0 24.0
25.3 25.3
--—a
~~--a~~

—a —a Sources: P.L. 116-260;P.L. 116-260; ITA’s FY2022 Congressional Budget Justification, p. 11; House Appropriations ITA’s FY2022 Congressional Budget Justification, p. 11; House Appropriations
Committee report, H.Rept. 117-97, accompanying H.R. 4505; the Senate Committee report, H.Rept. 117-97, accompanying H.R. 4505; the Senate ~~bil~~ bill (S. 3042) and explanatory text (S. 3042) and explanatory text
released October 18, 2021 on the committee’s website, at released October 18, 2021 on the committee’s website, at
https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/CJSRept_Final.PDF. Joint Explanatory Statement (H. Comm. Print 47-047), accompanying H.R. 2471 (P.L. 117-10)~~doc/CJSRept_Final.PDF~~. .
Notes: See Table A-1 See Table A-1 for ITA’s historical fundingfor ITA’s historical funding. a. Funding
~~a. Specific funding amount was not specified.~~

~~6 For more on ITA, see https://www.trade.gov/.~~
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amount was not specified. b. The agreement provided “no less than” the fiscal year 2021 enacted level for Global Markets and “no less than” $105.5 million for Enforcement and Compliance.
Global Markets
ITA’s Global Markets (GM) unit is a combination of the United States and Foreign Commercial ITA’s Global Markets (GM) unit is a combination of the United States and Foreign Commercial
Service (US&FCS) program, which provides export promotion services to U.S. businesses, and Service (US&FCS) program, which provides export promotion services to U.S. businesses, and
the SelectUSA program, which works to attract foreign investment into the United States. the SelectUSA program, which works to attract foreign investment into the United States.
(For more on SelectUSA, see the section “SelectUSA Program, ITA” below.) Through US&FCS, GM aims to promote U.S. exports by helping U.S. exporters research foreign Through US&FCS, GM aims to promote U.S. exports by helping U.S. exporters research foreign
markets and identify opportunities abroad. GM’s country and regional experts―in domestic and markets and identify opportunities abroad. GM’s country and regional experts―in domestic and
overseas offices—advise U.S. companies on market access, local standards, and regulations. The overseas offices—advise U.S. companies on market access, local standards, and regulations. The
unit also seeks to help to make unit also seeks to help to make ~~connections through~~ business-to-business business-to-business connections through trade shows, fairs, and trade shows, fairs, and
missions. GM is designed to advance U.S. commercial interests by engaging with foreign missions. GM is designed to advance U.S. commercial interests by engaging with foreign
governments and U.S. businesses, identifying and resolving market barriers, and leading efforts governments and U.S. businesses, identifying and resolving market barriers, and leading efforts
that advocate for U.S. that advocate for U.S. firms with foreign governments. The Administration requested $351.3 million in funding for GM in FY2022~~firms with foreign governments. Through its SelectUSA program, the GM~~
~~unit promotes the United States as a destination for foreign investment. (For more on SelectUSA,~~
~~see section “SelectUSA Program” below.)~~
~~The Administration requests $351.3 million in funding for GM~~, which is $10.6 million more , which is $10.6 million more
(3.1%) than the FY2021 enacted amount. (3.1%) than the FY2021 enacted amount.
The House Committee on Appropriations also The House Committee on Appropriations also ~~recommends~~recommended $351.3 million for GM.7 $351.3 million for GM.7
The Senate The Senate-introduced bill did ~~bill does~~ not include a specific funding level for not include a specific funding level for ~~Global Markets~~GM; however the ; however the
explanatory statement, released on the Senate Appropriations Committee’s website, highlights explanatory statement, released on the Senate Appropriations Committee’s website, highlights
specific activities within GM to be funded at FY2021 enacted levels or higherspecific activities within GM to be funded at FY2021 enacted levels or higher.8 7 H.Rept. 117-97, pp. 13-15. 8 The Senate majority released explanatory text to accompany the proposal (October 18, 2021), at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/CJSRept_Final.PDF. For example, the . For example, the
released language would released language would ~~support~~have supported ITA’s Rural Export Assistance programs to be funded at levels ITA’s Rural Export Assistance programs to be funded at levels
equal to or greater than FY2021. Likewise, the released draft language equal to or greater than FY2021. Likewise, the released draft language ~~recommends~~recommended, within GM’s , within GM’s
funding, $7.0 million to increase international commercial engagement efforts in certain countries funding, $7.0 million to increase international commercial engagement efforts in certain countries
of strategic and economic importance.of strategic and economic importance.8 Congressional Research Service 4 Trade-Related Agencies: FY2022 Appropriations (CJS) The Joint Explanatory Text accompanying the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 provided “no less than the fiscal year 2021 enacted level for Global Markets” ($340.8 million).9 The agreement also directed ITA to report to the Committees on “recommendations and estimated costs to increase U.S. trade and investment opportunities, including the expansion of the U.S. Commercial Service, in Africa and regions of international strategic significance for the United States such as Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Pacific.” The agreement also supported ITA’s efforts to generally increase its international commercial engagement efforts, including hiring additional staff and establishing new international offices in countries of strategic importance, such as with the Quad strategic partnership countries.10
Enforcement and Compliance
The mission of ITA’s Enforcement and Compliance unit is to enforce U.S. trade laws and ensure The mission of ITA’s Enforcement and Compliance unit is to enforce U.S. trade laws and ensure
compliance with negotiated international trade agreements. The Enforcement and Compliance compliance with negotiated international trade agreements. The Enforcement and Compliance
unit is responsible for enforcing U.S. antidumping and countervailing duty (AD/CVD) laws, unit is responsible for enforcing U.S. antidumping and countervailing duty (AD/CVD) laws,
overseeing a variety of programs and policies regarding the enforcement and administration of overseeing a variety of programs and policies regarding the enforcement and administration of
U.S. trade remedy laws, assisting U.S. industry and businesses with unfair trade matters, and U.S. trade remedy laws, assisting U.S. industry and businesses with unfair trade matters, and
administering the Foreign-Trade Zone program and other U.S. import programs.administering the Foreign-Trade Zone program and other U.S. import programs.911
For FY2022, the Administration For FY2022, the Administration ~~requests~~requested $110.6 million in funding for the Enforcement and $110.6 million in funding for the Enforcement and
Compliance unit.Compliance unit.~~10 This~~12 The request request iswas $11.4 million (11.5%) more than the previous year’s enacted $11.4 million (11.5%) more than the previous year’s enacted
amount. The ITA congressional budget justification amount. The ITA congressional budget justification ~~includes~~included $8.0 million to support its work $8.0 million to support its work
evaluating Section 232 tariff exclusions for steel and aluminum products and $0.8 million for evaluating Section 232 tariff exclusions for steel and aluminum products and $0.8 million for
continued work on the Aluminum Import Monitoring (AIM) system, which was launched in continued work on the Aluminum Import Monitoring (AIM) system, which was launched in

~~7 H.Rept. 117-97, pp. 13-15.~~
~~8 The Senate majority released explanatory text to accompany the proposal (October 18, 2021), at~~
~~https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/CJSRept_Final.PDF.~~
~~9 For background on some of these activities, see CRS In Focus IF10018,~~ ~~Trade Remedies: Antidumping and~~
~~Countervailing Duties, by Vivian C. Jones and Christopher A. Casey, and CRS In Focus IF11348,~~ ~~U.S. Foreign-Trade~~
~~Zone (FTZ) Program, by Liana Wong.~~
~~10 International Trade Administration, ITA FY2022 Congressional Budget Justification, p. 11.~~
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~~2021.11~~2021.13 The ITA congressional budget justification also The ITA congressional budget justification also ~~highlights an expected increase~~highlighted an upward trend in the in the
number of AD/CVD cases. number of AD/CVD cases.
The House Committee on Appropriations The House Committee on Appropriations ~~recommends~~recommended $117.7 million for the Enforcement and $117.7 million for the Enforcement and
Compliance unit. The House proposal Compliance unit. The House proposal iswas $18.5 million (18.6%) more than the FY2021 enacted $18.5 million (18.6%) more than the FY2021 enacted
funding and $7.1 million (6.4%) more than the Administration’s request.funding and $7.1 million (6.4%) more than the Administration’s request.1214 The Committee The Committee
~~recommends~~recommended $1.3 million to support AIM ($0.5 million above the request), and an additional $6.1 $1.3 million to support AIM ($0.5 million above the request), and an additional $6.1
million above the request “to support the creation of a ninth AD/CVD enforcement office,” million above the request “to support the creation of a ninth AD/CVD enforcement office,” in
~~order~~ to alleviate workload burdens and staffing declines in the existing AD/CVD offices. to alleviate workload burdens and staffing declines in the existing AD/CVD offices.
The Senate The Senate -introduced bill (S. 3042) introduced bill (S. 3042) ~~does~~did not include a specific funding level for the Enforcement not include a specific funding level for the Enforcement
and Compliance unit. The explanatory statement accompanying the bill and Compliance unit. The explanatory statement accompanying the bill ~~does highlight~~highlighted specific specific
activities and funding within Enforcement and Compliance unit’s portfolio. For example, the activities and funding within Enforcement and Compliance unit’s portfolio. For example, the
released language would released language would ~~provide~~have provided $6.5 million above the FY2021 enacted level to establish a ninth $6.5 million above the FY2021 enacted level to establish a ninth
AD/CVD enforcement office and hire additional staff to enforce U.S. AD/CVD laws. In addition, the enforcement office and hire additional staff to enforce U.S. AD/CVD laws. In addition, the
released explanatory language would released explanatory language would ~~also provide~~have provided $1.3 million to support AIM. $1.3 million to support AIM.1315 9 Joint Explanatory Statement (H. Comm. Print 47-047, Book 1), accompanying H.R. 2471 (P.L. 117-10), p. 210. 10 Ibid., pp. 210-211. “The Quad” security alliance includes Japan, Australia, India, and the United States. 11 For background on some of these activities, see CRS In Focus IF10018, Trade Remedies: Antidumping and Countervailing Duties, by Christopher A. Casey and CRS In Focus IF11348, U.S. Foreign-Trade Zone (FTZ) Program, by Liana Wong. 12 International Trade Administration, ITA FY2022 Congressional Budget Justification, p. 11. 13 International Trade Administration, ITA FY2022 Congressional Budget Justification, pp. 44-46. 14 H.Rept. 117-97, pp. 13-15. 15 The Senate majority released explanatory text to accompany the proposal (October 18, 2021), at Congressional Research Service 5 link to page 14 Trade-Related Agencies: FY2022 Appropriations (CJS) The Joint Explanatory Text accompanying the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 provided “no less than” $105.5 million for Enforcement and Compliance, and within the amounts provided, up to $3.0 million for the establishment of a ninth AD/CVD Office; and up to $1.3 million for staffing and other necessary expenses to support the AIM system. The agreement also included up to a $3.0 million increase to support ITA’s role in “the review of requests for exclusion from steel and aluminum tariffs applied under section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962.” 16
Industry and Analysis
ITA’s Industry and Analysis unit brings together ITA’s industry, trade, and economic experts to ITA’s Industry and Analysis unit brings together ITA’s industry, trade, and economic experts to
advance the competitiveness of U.S. industries through the development and execution of advance the competitiveness of U.S. industries through the development and execution of
international trade and investment policies, export promotion strategies, and investment international trade and investment policies, export promotion strategies, and investment
promotion. It analyzes economic and international policies to improve market access for U.S. promotion. It analyzes economic and international policies to improve market access for U.S.
businesses, and designs and implements trade and investment promotion programs. The unit aims businesses, and designs and implements trade and investment promotion programs. The unit aims
to serve as the primary liaison between U.S. industries and the federal government on trade and to serve as the primary liaison between U.S. industries and the federal government on trade and
investment promotion activities. It administers programs that support smallinvestment promotion activities. It administers programs that support small- and medium-sized and medium-sized
enterprises, such as the Market Development Cooperator Program. enterprises, such as the Market Development Cooperator Program.
For FY2022, the Administration For FY2022, the Administration ~~requests~~requested $72.1 million for Industry and Analysis. This request $72.1 million for Industry and Analysis. This request is
was $6.1 million (9.2%) more than the FY2021 enacted amount.$6.1 million (9.2%) more than the FY2021 enacted amount.1417 ITA’s congressional budget ITA’s congressional budget
justification justification ~~includes~~included $2.9 million to support 12 positions to conduct national security reviews for $2.9 million to support 12 positions to conduct national security reviews for
the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), and an additional $3.1 the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), and an additional $3.1
million to support the Survey of International Air Travelers (SIAT) (for more on SIAT, see million to support the Survey of International Air Travelers (SIAT) (for more on SIAT, see ~~section~~
~~below~~the section “Survey of International Air Travelers (SIAT), ITA”~~).15~~ below ).18 ITA also ITA also ~~highlights~~ highlighted increased increased
administrative costs for the unit, due to an expected increase in dispute cases filed under administrative costs for the unit, due to an expected increase in dispute cases filed under
USMCA.USMCA.1619
Neither the House Neither the House ~~Committee on Appropriations~~ nor the Senate bill nor the Senate bill ~~provides~~provided a specific funding a specific funding
level for the Industry and level for the Industry and Analysis unit. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, did not provide a specific funding level for the Industry and Analysis unit.~~Analysis unit.~~

~~11 International Trade Administration, ITA FY2022 Congressional Budget Justification, pp. 44-46.~~
~~12 H.Rept. 117-97, pp. 13-15.~~
~~13 The Senate majority released explanatory text to accompany the proposal (October 18, 2021), at~~
~~https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/CJSRept_Final.PDF, pp. 7-9.~~
~~14 International Trade Administration, ITA FY2022 Congressional Budget Justification, p. 11.~~
~~15 For an overview of CFIUS, see CRS In Focus IF10177, The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States,~~
~~by James K. Jackson.~~
~~16 International Trade Administration, ITA FY2022 Congressional Budget Justification, pp. 25-31.~~
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U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC)
USITC is an independent, quasi-judicial agency responsible for conducting trade-related USITC is an independent, quasi-judicial agency responsible for conducting trade-related
investigations and providing independent technical advice on U.S. international trade policy to investigations and providing independent technical advice on U.S. international trade policy to
Congress, the President, and USTR. The Commission (1) investigates and determines whether Congress, the President, and USTR. The Commission (1) investigates and determines whether
imports injure a domestic industry or violate U.S. intellectual property rights; (2) provides imports injure a domestic industry or violate U.S. intellectual property rights; (2) provides
independent tariff, trade, and competitiveness-related analysis to the President, Congress, and independent tariff, trade, and competitiveness-related analysis to the President, Congress, and
USTR; and (3) maintains the U.S. tariff schedule. USITC also serves as a federal resource for USTR; and (3) maintains the U.S. tariff schedule. USITC also serves as a federal resource for
trade data and other trade policy information. It makes most of its information and analyses trade data and other trade policy information. It makes most of its information and analyses
available to the public to promote understanding of competitiveness, international trade issues, available to the public to promote understanding of competitiveness, international trade issues,
and the role that international trade plays in the U.S. economy. and the role that international trade plays in the U.S. economy.
https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/CJSRept_Final.PDF, pp. 7-9. 16 Joint Explanatory Statement (H. Comm. Print 47-047, Book 1), accompanying H.R. 2471 (P.L. 117-10), p. 210. 17 International Trade Administration, ITA FY2022 Congressional Budget Justification, p. 11. 18 For an overview of CFIUS, see CRS In Focus IF10177, The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, by James K. Jackson. 19 International Trade Administration, ITA FY2022 Congressional Budget Justification, pp. 25-31. Congressional Research Service 6 Trade-Related Agencies: FY2022 Appropriations (CJS) USITC’s annual budget request to Congress is subject to two types of submission: (1) the USITC’s annual budget request to Congress is subject to two types of submission: (1) the
President’s budget request for the Commission, which is included in the President’s annual President’s budget request for the Commission, which is included in the President’s annual
budget; and (2) the Commission’s independent budget request. USITC has the authority to submit budget; and (2) the Commission’s independent budget request. USITC has the authority to submit
its independent budget directly to Congress without revision by the President, pursuant to Section its independent budget directly to Congress without revision by the President, pursuant to Section
175 of the Trade Act of 1974. 175 of the Trade Act of 1974.
The President’s FY2022 budget The President’s FY2022 budget ~~requests~~requested $103.0 million in funding for USITC, an amount equal $103.0 million in funding for USITC, an amount equal
to the FY2021 enacted funding. While the President’sto the FY2021 enacted funding. While the President’s budget would not budget would not ~~increase~~have increased the agency’s the agency’s
funding, the Commission’s independent budget submission to Congress funding, the Commission’s independent budget submission to Congress ~~requests~~ requested $118.8 million $118.8 million
for FY2022, which for FY2022, which iswas $15.8 million (15.3%) above the FY2021 enacted funding level. $15.8 million (15.3%) above the FY2021 enacted funding level.1720 The The
Commission Commission ~~proposes~~proposed that, with increased funding, it would hire additional staff to respond to that, with increased funding, it would hire additional staff to respond to
increased workloads due to AD/CVD and safeguards cases and would upgrade its information increased workloads due to AD/CVD and safeguards cases and would upgrade its information
technology.technology.1821
The House committee-reported bill The House committee-reported bill ~~proposes~~proposed $118.5 million for USITC in FY2022, which $118.5 million for USITC in FY2022, which iswas
$15.5 million (15.0%) more than both the FY2021 enacted level and the President’s budget $15.5 million (15.0%) more than both the FY2021 enacted level and the President’s budget
request, and $0.3 million less than USITC’s independently submitted budget. request, and $0.3 million less than USITC’s independently submitted budget.
The Senate The Senate-introduced bill proposed ~~bill proposes~~ $118.8 million for USITC, which $118.8 million for USITC, which iswas $15.8 million (15.3%) above both $15.8 million (15.3%) above both
the FY2021 enacted funding level and the President’s budget request. The Senate proposal the FY2021 enacted funding level and the President’s budget request. The Senate proposal is
was equal to the Commission’s independently submitted budget request. equal to the Commission’s independently submitted budget request.
The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, provided $110.0 million for USITC, which represented $7.0 million (6.8%) more than both the FY2021-enacted level and the President’s budget request. The agreement also directed the Commission to produce a report with an economic analysis of the existing tariffs implemented under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 and Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974.22 Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR)
USTR has primary responsibility for developing and coordinating U.S. international trade and USTR has primary responsibility for developing and coordinating U.S. international trade and
direct investment policies, as the head of the interagency trade policy coordinating process.direct investment policies, as the head of the interagency trade policy coordinating process.1923 As As
part of the Executive Office of the President, USTR is the President’s principal advisor on trade part of the Executive Office of the President, USTR is the President’s principal advisor on trade
policy and the President’s chief negotiator for international trade agreements, including policy and the President’s chief negotiator for international trade agreements, including
commodity and direct investment negotiations. USTR negotiates directly with foreign commodity and direct investment negotiations. USTR negotiates directly with foreign
governments to create trade agreements (which may require legislative approval to enter into governments to create trade agreements (which may require legislative approval to enter into
effect) and resolve effect) and resolve trade disputes, and participates in global trade policy organizations such as the disputes, and participates in global trade policy organizations such as the
World Trade Organization. It also meets with business groups, policymakers, and public interest groups on trade policy issues.24
1720 U.S. International Trade Commission, U.S. International Trade Commission, USITC Congressional Budget Submission Fiscal Year 2022, at , at
https://usitc.gov/documents/fy_2022_congressional_budget_justification.pdf. https://usitc.gov/documents/fy_2022_congressional_budget_justification.pdf.
1821 U.S. International Trade Commission, U.S. International Trade Commission, USITC Congressional Budget Submission Fiscal Year 2022, pp. 9-12. , pp. 9-12.
1922 Joint Explanatory Statement (H. Comm. Print 47-047, Book 1), accompanying H.R. 2471 (P.L. 117-10), p. 210. For more information on the tariff measures see, CRS In Focus IF10667, Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, by Rachel F. Fefer and CRS In Focus IF11346, Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, by Andres B. Schwarzenberg. 23 USTR coordinates U.S. trade policy through the interagency process, as outlined by statute. The interagency draws USTR coordinates U.S. trade policy through the interagency process, as outlined by statute. The interagency draws
its membership from key executive trade agencies and the White House. For more on the interagency process, see CRS its membership from key executive trade agencies and the White House. For more on the interagency process, see CRS
In Focus IF11016, In Focus IF11016, U.S. Trade Policy Functions: Who Does What?, by Shayerah Ilias Akhtar. , by Shayerah Ilias Akhtar.
24 USTR, “Mission of the USTR,” at https://ustr.gov/about-us/about-ustr. USTR coordinates the advisory committee Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

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~~World Trade Organization. It also meets with business groups, policymakers, and public interest~~
~~groups on trade policy issues.20~~
In addition to direct appropriations for USTR, Congress can provide USTR supplementary In addition to direct appropriations for USTR, Congress can provide USTR supplementary
funding from the congressionally established Trade Enforcement Trust Fund. USTR may use funding from the congressionally established Trade Enforcement Trust Fund. USTR may use
funding from this trust fund for certain trade enforcement activities, authorized by the Trade funding from this trust fund for certain trade enforcement activities, authorized by the Trade
Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015. See the section below, Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015. See the section below, “Trade Enforcement
Trust Fund (TETF), USTR,”” for more detail. for more detail.
For FY2022, the Administration For FY2022, the Administration ~~requests~~requested a total of $73.0 million for USTR, including $58.0 a total of $73.0 million for USTR, including $58.0
million in direct appropriations for salaries and expenses and $15.0 million to be derived from the million in direct appropriations for salaries and expenses and $15.0 million to be derived from the
TETF for certain trade enforcement TETF for certain trade enforcement ~~activities~~activities (Table 3). . The total request The total request iswas $3.0 million (4.3%) $3.0 million (4.3%)
more than the FY2021 enacted funding level. more than the FY2021 enacted funding level.
The House committee-reported bill would The House committee-reported bill would ~~provide~~have provided a total of $72.8 million for USTR, including a total of $72.8 million for USTR, including
$57.8 million in direct appropriations for salaries and expenses and $15.0 million to be derived $57.8 million in direct appropriations for salaries and expenses and $15.0 million to be derived
from the TETF for certain trade enforcement activities. The House proposal from the TETF for certain trade enforcement activities. The House proposal iswas $2.8 million $2.8 million
(4.0%) more than the FY2021 enacted funding level, and $0.2 million less (-0.3%) than the (4.0%) more than the FY2021 enacted funding level, and $0.2 million less (-0.3%) than the
Administration’s budget request. Administration’s budget request.
The Senate bill The Senate bill ~~proposes~~proposed a total of $73.0 million for USTR, including $58.0 million in direct a total of $73.0 million for USTR, including $58.0 million in direct
appropriations for salaries and expenses and $15.0 million to be derived from the TETF for appropriations for salaries and expenses and $15.0 million to be derived from the TETF for
certain trade enforcement activities. The bill certain trade enforcement activities. The bill isrepresented $3.0 million (4.3%) more than the FY2021- $3.0 million (4.3%) more than the FY2021-
~~enacted funding, and equal to the Administration’s request.~~
~~In addition to regular appropriations, Congress also passed supplemental funding~~enacted funding, and equal to the Administration’s request. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, provided a total of $71.0 million for USTR, including $56.0 million in direct appropriations for salaries and expenses and $15.0 million to be derived from the TETF for certain trade enforcement activities. The FY2022 enacted appropriations were $1.0 million (1.4%) more than the previous year’s enacted amount, and $2.0 million (-2.7%) less than the President’s request. The Joint Explanatory Statement also directed USTR to establish and administer an exclusion process for the Section 301 tariffs and to seek parity for American exports that have been targeted by retaliatory tariffs. In addition to regular appropriations, Congress also passed supplemental funding in December 2019 for USTR in the for USTR in the
USMCA implementing act.USMCA implementing act.2125 Under this act, Congress provided $50.0 million for USTR to Under this act, Congress provided $50.0 million for USTR to
remain available until September 30, 2023, for salaries and expenses to monitor compliance with remain available until September 30, 2023, for salaries and expenses to monitor compliance with
labor and environmental obligations of the agreement. USMCA implementing legislation also labor and environmental obligations of the agreement. USMCA implementing legislation also
includes $40.0 million for the TETF “to carry out the enforcement of environmental obligations includes $40.0 million for the TETF “to carry out the enforcement of environmental obligations
under the USMCA, including for state-to-state dispute settlement actions, during fiscal years under the USMCA, including for state-to-state dispute settlement actions, during fiscal years
~~2020 through 2023.”22~~

~~20 USTR, “Mission of the USTR,” at https://ustr.gov/about-us/about-ustr.~~
212020 through 2023.”26 system, as outlined by statute, to ensure private sector input into the trade policy and negotiating objectives (see, 19 U.S.C. 2155). 25 For more on the USMCA, see CRS Report R44981, For more on the USMCA, see CRS Report R44981, The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), by M. , by M.
Angeles VillarrealAngeles Villarreal ~~and Ian F. Fergusson.~~
22. 26 P.L. 116-113, Title IX. P.L. 116-113, Title IX.
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Table 3. USTR: FY2021-FY2022 Regular Appropriations
Millions of Current U.S. Dollars Millions of Current U.S. Dollars
FY2022
House-
FY2022
~~FY2021~~
FY2022
Committee
Senate
~~FY2022~~
~~Enacted~~
~~Request~~Enacted FY2021 FY2022
Reported
Introduced (P.L.
Enacted
Request
(H.R. 4505)
(S. 3042)
117-103) USTR USTR
70.0 70.0
73.0 73.0
72.8 72.8
73.0 73.0

71.0 Direct appropriation for Direct appropriation for
55.0 55.0
58.0 58.0
57.8 57.8
58.0 58.0

56.0 salaries and expenses salaries and expenses
Funding to be derived from Funding to be derived from
~~TETF for certain trade~~ 15.0
15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0

TETF for certain trade enforcement activities enforcement activities
Sources: For FY2021 appropriations, see P.L. 116-260. For the FY2022 request, see the appendix tables to the For FY2021 appropriations, see P.L. 116-260. For the FY2022 request, see the appendix tables to the
President’s Budget.President’s Budget.
~~Note~~ For FY2022 enacted amounts, see P.L. 117-103. Notes: The totals exclude supplemental funding from USMCA. TETF = Trade Enforcement Trust Fund, The totals exclude supplemental funding from USMCA. TETF = Trade Enforcement Trust Fund,
authorized by the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 (19 U.S.C. §4405). authorized by the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 (19 U.S.C. §4405).
Selected Trade-Related Programs and Activities
Over the past decade, Congress has provided funding for specific trade-related programs or Over the past decade, Congress has provided funding for specific trade-related programs or
activities within broader agency budgets. The following programs are highlighted in this report, activities within broader agency budgets. The following programs are highlighted in this report,
due to recent and ongoing congressional interest: (1) ITA’s China trade enforcement and due to recent and ongoing congressional interest: (1) ITA’s China trade enforcement and
compliance activities; (2) ITA’s investment promotion activities in its SelectUSA Program; (3) compliance activities; (2) ITA’s investment promotion activities in its SelectUSA Program; (3)
the Survey of International Air Travelers (SIAT) within ITA; and (4) the Trade Enforcement Trust the Survey of International Air Travelers (SIAT) within ITA; and (4) the Trade Enforcement Trust
Fund, which funds certain activities of USTR. (Fund, which funds certain activities of USTR. (~~See~~See Table A-3 for historical budget authority for for historical budget authority for
these selected programs.) these selected programs.)
China Trade Enforcement and Compliance Activities, ITA
Since 2004, Congress has dedicated some of ITA’s funding to AD/CVD enforcement and Since 2004, Congress has dedicated some of ITA’s funding to AD/CVD enforcement and
compliance activities with respect to China and other nonmarket economies.compliance activities with respect to China and other nonmarket economies.2327 ITA’s Office of ITA’s Office of
China Compliance was established by the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-China Compliance was established by the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-
199). Its primary role has been to enforce U.S. AD/CVD laws and to develop and implement 199). Its primary role has been to enforce U.S. AD/CVD laws and to develop and implement
other policies and programs aimed at countering unfair foreign trade practices in China. ITA’s other policies and programs aimed at countering unfair foreign trade practices in China. ITA’s
China Countervailing Duty Group was established by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010 China Countervailing Duty Group was established by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010
(P.L. 111-117) to accommodate the workload that resulted from the application of countervailing (P.L. 111-117) to accommodate the workload that resulted from the application of countervailing
duty law to imports from nonmarket economy countries.duty law to imports from nonmarket economy countries.2428 ITA’s FY2022 budget justification requested $16.4 million, within ITA’s budget, for China antidumping and countervailing duty enforcement and compliance activities in FY2022. This

2327 For the purposes of trade remedies, the Commerce Department determines “nonmarket economy” countries, For the purposes of trade remedies, the Commerce Department determines “nonmarket economy” countries,
according to 19 U.S.C. §1677(18); “the term ‘nonmarket economy country’ means any foreign country that the according to 19 U.S.C. §1677(18); “the term ‘nonmarket economy country’ means any foreign country that the
administering authority determines does not operate on market principles of cost or pricing structures, so that sales of administering authority determines does not operate on market principles of cost or pricing structures, so that sales of
merchandise in such country do not reflect the fair value of the merchandise.” merchandise in such country do not reflect the fair value of the merchandise.”
2428 U.S. Congress, Conference Committee, U.S. Congress, Conference Committee, Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill 2010, ,
conference report accompanying H.R. 2847, 111th Cong. 1st sess., H.Rept. 111-149, June 12, 2009, pp. 10-11. conference report accompanying H.R. 2847, 111th Cong. 1st sess., H.Rept. 111-149, June 12, 2009, pp. 10-11.
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~~ITA’s FY2022 budget justification requests $16.4 million, within ITA’s budget, for China~~
~~antidumping and countervailing duty enforcement and compliance activities in FY2022. This~~amount is is
equal to the previous year’s enacted amount. equal to the previous year’s enacted amount.
Both the House committee-reported bill and the SenateBoth the House committee-reported bill and the Senate-introduced bill also proposed ~~bill would also provide~~ $16.4 million $16.4 million,
for such activities. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, provided $16.4 million within ITA’s budget, for China antidumping and countervailing duty enforcement and compliance within ITA’s budget, for China antidumping and countervailing duty enforcement and compliance
~~activities in FY2022, an amount equal to the FY2021 enacted funding.~~
activities. SelectUSA Program, ITA
SelectUSA was established by executive order in 2011 as a Commerce Department program to SelectUSA was established by executive order in 2011 as a Commerce Department program to
promote the United States as an investment market and to address investor climate concerns that promote the United States as an investment market and to address investor climate concerns that
could impede investment in the United States. SelectUSA aims to coordinate investment-related could impede investment in the United States. SelectUSA aims to coordinate investment-related
resources across more than 20 federal agencies; serve as an information resource for international resources across more than 20 federal agencies; serve as an information resource for international
investors; and advocate for U.S. cities, states, and regions as investment destinations.investors; and advocate for U.S. cities, states, and regions as investment destinations.2529
SelectUSA is a part of ITA’s Global Markets unit. SelectUSA is a part of ITA’s Global Markets unit.
Between FY2012 and FY2020, CJS appropriations provided specific funding levels for Between FY2012 and FY2020, CJS appropriations provided specific funding levels for
SelectUSA. In FY2021SelectUSA. In FY2021~~, specific funding for SelectUSA was not outlined in the final, enacted~~
~~appropriations. For FY2022, neither the Administration’s budget justification nor the House~~
~~committee-reported bill or the Senate bill outline~~ and FY2022, neither the Administration’s budget justification nor congressional appropriators outlined a specific funding level for SelectUSA within a specific funding level for SelectUSA within
ITA. ITA.
Survey of International Air Travelers (SIAT), ITA
ITA’s Survey of International Air Travelers (SIAT) gathers statistics about air passenger travelers ITA’s Survey of International Air Travelers (SIAT) gathers statistics about air passenger travelers
in the United States. Federal agencies use these statistics for a variety of purposes, such as to in the United States. Federal agencies use these statistics for a variety of purposes, such as to
estimate the contribution of international travel to the economy, develop public policy on the estimate the contribution of international travel to the economy, develop public policy on the
travel industry, and forecast staffing needs at consulates and ports of entry. travel industry, and forecast staffing needs at consulates and ports of entry.
SIAT is SIAT is a program within the Industry and Analysis unit at ITA. within the Industry and Analysis unit at ITA. ~~ITA’s FY2022 budget request proposes $7.9~~
~~million for~~For the SIAT program in FY2022, the SIAT program in FY2022, ~~which is~~ ITA proposed $7.9 million—$3.1 million more than the “existing program $3.1 million more than the “existing program
amount of $4.8 million.” The proposal would amount of $4.8 million.” The proposal would ~~also add~~have added two positions two positions~~.26~~ to SIAT.30 With the proposed With the proposed
increase, ITA increase, ITA ~~aims~~aimed to expand coverage of data collection to “non-traditional, non-urban markets to expand coverage of data collection to “non-traditional, non-urban markets
not usually covered by the SIAT, allowing ITA to assist smaller states and destinations with not usually covered by the SIAT, allowing ITA to assist smaller states and destinations with
market intelligence,” and to collect data to informmarket intelligence,” and to collect data to inform the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic recovery programs for the travel and pandemic recovery programs for the travel and
tourism industries (as directed in H.Rept. 116-455).tourism industries (as directed in H.Rept. 116-455).2731
The House Committee on Appropriations’ “recommendation [for ITA] includes the requested The House Committee on Appropriations’ “recommendation [for ITA] includes the requested
increase for [SIAT.]”increase for [SIAT.]”2832
Language in the explanatory statement, released on the Senate Committee on Appropriations Language in the explanatory statement, released on the Senate Committee on Appropriations
website, to accompany the Senatewebsite, to accompany the Senate-introduced bill, would bill, would have also provided~~also provide~~ the full amount requested to fund the full amount requested to fund
~~SIAT.29~~SIAT.33 The Joint Explanatory Text, accompanying the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, provided an increase of $1.0 million for SIAT.34

2529 Executive Order 13577, June 15, 2011. For more on SelectUSA, see CRS In Focus IF10674, Executive Order 13577, June 15, 2011. For more on SelectUSA, see CRS In Focus IF10674, SelectUSA ~~Program:~~
: U.S. Inbound Investment Promotion, by Shayerah , by Shayerah ~~Ilias~~I. Akhtar. Akhtar.
2630 ITA FY2022 Congressional Budget Justification, p. 31. , p. 31.
2731 ITA FY2022 Congressional Budget Justification, p. 4. , p. 4.
2832 H.Rept. 117-97, p. 13. H.Rept. 117-97, p. 13.
2933 The Senate Committee on Appropriations released an explanatory statement on its website on October 18, 2021, to The Senate Committee on Appropriations released an explanatory statement on its website on October 18, 2021, to
accompany the CJS bill, at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/CJSFY2022_Final.PDF, p. 7. 34 Joint Explanatory Statement (H. Comm. Print 47-047, Book 1), accompanying H.R. 2471 (P.L. 117-10), p. 210. Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

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link to page link to page 1113 Trade-Related Agencies: FY2022 Appropriations (CJS)

Trade Enforcement Trust Fund (TETF), USTR
In order to provide additional funding for trade enforcement activities, Congress established the In order to provide additional funding for trade enforcement activities, Congress established the
Trade Enforcement Trust Fund (TETF) in 2016. In Section 611 of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Trust Fund (TETF) in 2016. In Section 611 of the Trade Facilitation and
Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 (P.L. 114-125), Congress directed the Secretary of the Treasury to Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 (P.L. 114-125), Congress directed the Secretary of the Treasury to
transfer $15.0 million annually into TETF from the general fund of Treasury, and outlined transfer $15.0 million annually into TETF from the general fund of Treasury, and outlined
authorized uses of the funds.authorized uses of the funds.3035 Under Section 611(d) of this act, funds are available to USTR, Under Section 611(d) of this act, funds are available to USTR,
“only as provided by appropriations Acts,” for any of the following: (1) to monitor and enforce “only as provided by appropriations Acts,” for any of the following: (1) to monitor and enforce
U.S. free trade agreements and World Trade Organization (WTO) commitments; (2) to support U.S. free trade agreements and World Trade Organization (WTO) commitments; (2) to support
trade capacity-building assistance to help partner countries meet their free trade agreement trade capacity-building assistance to help partner countries meet their free trade agreement
obligations and commitments; and (3) to investigate petitions concerning unfair trade practices obligations and commitments; and (3) to investigate petitions concerning unfair trade practices
under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974. under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974. 3136 The Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act The Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act
of 2015 also authorizes USTR to transfer funds to select federal agencies for trade enforcement of 2015 also authorizes USTR to transfer funds to select federal agencies for trade enforcement
activities authorized in Section 611(d). activities authorized in Section 611(d).
For FY2022, the Administration For FY2022, the Administration ~~requests~~requested $15.0 million to be derived from the TETF for USTR, $15.0 million to be derived from the TETF for USTR,
for trade enforcement activities authorized by the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act for trade enforcement activities authorized by the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act
of 2015. The request of 2015. The request iswas equal to the FY2021 enacted level equal to the FY2021 enacted level.
~~Both the House committee-reported bill and the Senate bill propose~~, and equal to the House and Senate proposals. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, provided $15.0 million to be derived $15.0 million to be derived
from the TETF for certain trade enforcement activities of USTR. (from the TETF for certain trade enforcement activities of USTR. (SeeSee Table 3.) )

~~accompany the CJS bill, at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/CJSFY2022_Final.PDF, p.7.~~
3035 The total amount in the TETF may not exceed $30.0 million, and thus The total amount in the TETF may not exceed $30.0 million, and thus the Treasury may transfer less than $15.0 million Treasury may transfer less than $15.0 million
annually, as required by this limitation (19 U.S.C. §4405). annually, as required by this limitation (19 U.S.C. §4405).
3136 19 U.S.C. §4405; Section 611 of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 (P.L. 114-125). For more 19 U.S.C. §4405; Section 611 of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 (P.L. 114-125). For more
information on Section 301 see, CRS In Focus IF11346, information on Section 301 see, CRS In Focus IF11346, Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, by Andres B. , by Andres B.
Schwarzenberg. Schwarzenberg.
Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

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Appendix. Budget Authority Tables

Table A-1. Budget Authority for ITA by Unit: FY2012-FY2021
Millions of Current U.S. Dollars Millions of Current U.S. Dollars

FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 FY2018 FY2019 FY2020 FY2021
Manufacturing Manufacturing
~~and Services~~
46.5 46.5
42.3 42.3
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
~~Market Access~~
~~and Compliance~~and Services Market Access
42.6 42.6
39.9 39.9
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
~~Import~~
~~Administration~~and Compliance Import
69.8 69.8
70.9 70.9
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
~~Trade Promotion~~
~~and the U.S. &~~
~~Foreign~~Administration Trade Promotion
269.8 269.8
261.7 261.7
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
and the U.S. & Foreign Commercial Commercial
Service Service
Industry and Industry and
~~Analysis~~
— —
— —
54.9 54.9
55.5 55.5
56.3 56.3
55.4 55.4
52.3 52.3
52.6 52.6
62.5 62.5
66.0 66.0
Analysis Enforcement and Enforcement and
~~Compliance~~
— —
— —
70.6 70.6
71.6 71.6
79.0 79.0
85.5 85.5
87.5 87.5
88.5 88.5
91.8 91.8
99.2 99.2
Compliance Global Markets Global Markets
— —
— —
312.0 312.0
311.8 311.8
324.4 324.4
319.2 319.2
319.2 319.2
320.0 320.0
333.0 333.0
340.8 340.8
Executive and Executive and
26.9 26.9
23.7 23.7
23.1 23.1
23.1 23.1
23.3 23.3
23.0 23.0
22.9 22.9
22.9 22.9
23.0 23.0
24.0 24.0
Administration Administration
Total ITA
455.6 455.6
438.5 438.5
460.6 460.6
462.0 462.0
483.0 483.0
483.0 483.0
482.0 482.0
484.0 484.0
510.3 510.3
530.0 530.0
Sources: Budget office, International Trade Administration (ITA), U.S. Department of Commerce. Budget office, International Trade Administration (ITA), U.S. Department of Commerce.
Notes: Totals may not sum due to rounding. In 2013~~In 2014~~, ITA went through a reorganization in which four units (Manufacturing and Services, Market Access and Compliance, Import Administration, and the U.S. , ITA went through a reorganization in which four units (Manufacturing and Services, Market Access and Compliance, Import Administration, and the U.S.
& Foreign Commercial Service) were restructured into three units: Industry and Analysis, Enforcement and Compliance, and Global Markets. & Foreign Commercial Service) were restructured into three units: Industry and Analysis, Enforcement and Compliance, and Global Markets.
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Table A-2. Budget Authority for USITC and USTR: FY2012-FY2021
Millions of Current U.S. Dollars Millions of Current U.S. Dollars

FY2012
FY2013
FY2014
FY2015
FY2016
FY2017
FY2018
FY2019
FY2020
FY2021
USITC
80.0 80.0
78.9 78.9
83.0 83.0
84.5 84.5
88.5 88.5
91.5 91.5
93.7 93.7
95.0 95.0
99.4 99.4
103.0 103.0
USTR (~~tot~~altotal)a
51.3 51.3
47.6 47.6
52.6 52.6
54.3 54.3
54.5 54.5
62.0 62.0
72.6 72.6
68.0 68.0
69.0 69.0
70.0 70.0
Direct appropriation for Direct appropriation for
51.3 51.3
47.6 47.6
52.6 52.6
54.3 54.3
54.5 54.5
47.0 47.0
57.6 57.6
53.0 53.0
54.0 54.0
55.0 55.0
salaries and expenses salaries and expenses
Funds to be derived from Funds to be derived from
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0
TETF, for certain trade TETF, for certain trade
enforcement enforcement ~~activitiesb~~activitiesb
Sources: ~~(FY2012)~~FY2012: H.Rept. 112-284, Conference report to accompany P.L. 112-55. H.Rept. 112-284, Conference report to accompany P.L. 112-55. ~~(FY2013)~~FY2013: FY2013 post-sequestration amounts were provided by USITC and USTR. FY2013 post-sequestration amounts were provided by USITC and USTR.
~~(FY2014)~~FY2014: Joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 113-76. Joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 113-76. ~~(FY2015)~~FY2015: Joint Explanatory Statement to accompany P.L. 113-235. Joint Explanatory Statement to accompany P.L. 113-235. ~~(FY2016)~~FY2016: P.L. 114-113. P.L. 114-113. ~~(FY2017)~~FY2017: P.L. P.L.
115-115-31. FY2018:~~31. (FY2018)~~ P.L. 115-141. P.L. 115-141. ~~(FY2019)~~FY2019: P.L. 116-6. P.L. 116-6. ~~(FY2020)~~FY2020: P.L. 116-93. P.L. 116-93. ~~(FY2021)~~FY2021: P.L. 116-260. P.L. 116-260.
Notes: FY2013 appropriations include sequestration. FY2013 appropriations include sequestration.
a. USTR totals exclude supplemental appropriations from USMCA. a. USTR totals exclude supplemental appropriations from USMCA.
b. TETF = the Trade Enforcement Trust Fund, established by the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 (P.L. 114-125). Congress first provided funds b. TETF = the Trade Enforcement Trust Fund, established by the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 (P.L. 114-125). Congress first provided funds
for USTR to be derived from the Trade Enforcement Trust Fund in FY2017. for USTR to be derived from the Trade Enforcement Trust Fund in FY2017.
CRS- CRS-1213

Table A-3. Budget Authority for Selected Trade-Related Programs: FY2012-FY2021
Millions of Current U.S. Dollars Millions of Current U.S. Dollars

FY2012
FY2013
FY2014
FY2015
FY2016
FY2017
FY2018
FY2019
FY2020
FY2021
Office of China Office of China
7.0 7.0
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
Compliance (ITA) Compliance (ITA)
China Countervailing China Countervailing
4.4 4.4
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
Duty Group (ITA) Duty Group (ITA)
China antidumping China antidumping
~~and countervailing~~
~~duty enforcement and~~
— —
16.4 16.4
16.4 16.4
16.4 16.4
16.4 16.4
16.4 16.4
16.4 16.4
16.4 16.4
16.4 16.4
16.4 16.4
and countervailing duty enforcement and compliance activities compliance activities
(ITA) (ITA)
SelectUSA (ITA) SelectUSA (ITA)
0.9 0.9
0.9 0.9
7.0 7.0
10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0
n/a n/a
USTR funds to be USTR funds to be
~~derived from the~~
~~Trade Enforcement~~
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0
derived from the Trade Enforcement Trust Fund Trust Fund
Sources: ITA Budget office. ITA Budget office. ~~(FY2012)~~FY2012: P.L. 112-55, H.Rept. 112-284, the Conference report. P.L. 112-55, H.Rept. 112-284, the Conference report. ~~(FY2013)~~FY2013: P.L. 113-6. P.L. 113-6. ~~(FY2014)~~FY2014: P.L. 113-76 and the Joint Explanatory P.L. 113-76 and the Joint Explanatory
Statement. Statement. ~~(FY2015)~~FY2015: P.L. 113-235 and the Joint Explanatory Statement. P.L. 113-235 and the Joint Explanatory Statement. ~~(FY2016)~~FY2016: P.L. 114-113. P.L. 114-113. ~~(FY2017)~~FY2017: P.L. 115-31. P.L. 115-31. ~~(FY2018)~~FY2018: P.L. 115-141, the Legislative Text and P.L. 115-141, the Legislative Text and
Explanatory Statement (Book 1), and S.Rept. 115-139. Explanatory Statement (Book 1), and S.Rept. 115-139. ~~(FY2019)~~FY2019: P.L. 116-6 and H.Rept. 116-9, the Conference Report. P.L. 116-6 and H.Rept. 116-9, the Conference Report. ~~(FY2020)~~FY2020: P.L. 116-93 and Conference Report H. P.L. 116-93 and Conference Report H.
Comm. Prt. 38-Comm. Prt. 38-678. FY2021:~~678. (FY2021)~~ P.L. 116-260. P.L. 116-260.
~~Notes~~Note: n/an/a = exact funding amounts not provided in appropriation acts or agency budget documents. = exact funding amounts not provided in appropriation acts or agency budget documents.

CRS- CRS-1314

Trade-Related Agencies: FY2022 Appropriations (CJS)

Author Information

Keigh E. Hammond, Coordinator Keigh E. Hammond, Coordinator
M. Angeles Villarreal M. Angeles Villarreal
Senior Research Librarian Senior Research Librarian
Specialist in International Trade and Finance Specialist in International Trade and Finance

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