Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2022 Budget and Appropriations

Changes from December 9, 2021 to February 28, 2022

This page shows textual changes in the document between the two versions indicated in the dates above. Textual matter removed in the later version is indicated with ~~red strikethrough~~ and textual matter added in the later version is indicated with blue.

Department of State, Foreign Operations, and
~~December 9, 2021~~February 28, 2022
Related Programs: FY2022 Budget and
Cory R. Gill
Appropriations
Analyst in Foreign Affairs Analyst in Foreign Affairs

Each year, Congress considers 12 distinct appropriations measures to fund federal programs and Each year, Congress considers 12 distinct appropriations measures to fund federal programs and
Marian L. Lawson
activities. One of these is the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs activities. One of these is the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
Section Research Manager Section Research Manager
(SFOPS) bill, which includes funding for U.S. diplomatic activities, cultural exchanges, (SFOPS) bill, which includes funding for U.S. diplomatic activities, cultural exchanges,

development and security assistance, and participation in multilateral organizations, among other development and security assistance, and participation in multilateral organizations, among other
international activities. On May 28, 2021, the Biden Administration released its proposed international activities. On May 28, 2021, the Biden Administration released its proposed
Emily M. Morgenstern
FY2022 budget request, which called for $62.656 billion in new budget authority for SFOPS FY2022 budget request, which called for $62.656 billion in new budget authority for SFOPS
Analyst in Foreign Analyst in Foreign
accounts ($62.121 billion net of rescissions of prior year funding). accounts ($62.121 billion net of rescissions of prior year funding).
Assistance and Foreign Assistance and Foreign
Policy Policy

The FY2022 request was about 13% less than the total FY2021 enacted level, which included The FY2022 request was about 13% less than the total FY2021 enacted level, which included
nearly $16 billion in emergency funds, but 11.4% more than enacted FY2021 levels when nearly $16 billion in emergency funds, but 11.4% more than enacted FY2021 levels when

emergency funding is excluded. Recent annual budget proposals and appropriations measures emergency funding is excluded. Recent annual budget proposals and appropriations measures
have divided these funds into two main components: have divided these funds into two main components:
  Department of State and Related Agency accounts. These funds, provided in Title I of the SFOPS accounts. These funds, provided in Title I of the SFOPS
appropriation, primarily support Department of State diplomatic and security activities and would increase appropriation, primarily support Department of State diplomatic and security activities and would increase
by nearly 5% under the FY2022 request compared with FY2021 total enacted levels. The Administration by nearly 5% under the FY2022 request compared with FY2021 total enacted levels. The Administration
proposed noteworthy increases for contributions to international organizations, international peacekeeping proposed noteworthy increases for contributions to international organizations, international peacekeeping
activities, and diversity and inclusion programming, among other priorities. activities, and diversity and inclusion programming, among other priorities.
 The  The Foreign Operations accounts. These funds, provided in Titles II-VI of the SFOPS bill, fund most accounts. These funds, provided in Titles II-VI of the SFOPS bill, fund most
foreign assistance activities. These accounts would see an almost 19% reduction under the FY2022 request foreign assistance activities. These accounts would see an almost 19% reduction under the FY2022 request
compared with total enacted FY2021 funding, but an increase of 12% if FY2021 emergency funds are compared with total enacted FY2021 funding, but an increase of 12% if FY2021 emergency funds are
excluded. The Administration proposed increases for multilateral assistance, including contributions to excluded. The Administration proposed increases for multilateral assistance, including contributions to
multilateral efforts to combat climate change. Other notable proposals include increases to the Global multilateral efforts to combat climate change. Other notable proposals include increases to the Global
Health Programs, Development Assistance, and Economic Support Fund accounts—in part to address the Health Programs, Development Assistance, and Economic Support Fund accounts—in part to address the
first- and second-order effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic—as well as an first- and second-order effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic—as well as an
increase to USAID’s operating account to hire new personnel and invest in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion increase to USAID’s operating account to hire new personnel and invest in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
efforts. efforts.
The House The House ~~Appropriation~~Appropriations Committee passed a FY2021 SFOPS bill, H.R. Committee passed a FY2021 SFOPS bill, H.R. ~~4374~~4373, on July 1, 2021, which was approved by the , on July 1, 2021, which was approved by the
full House on July 28, 2021. The bill would provide a total of $62.401 billion in net budget authority for SFOPS accounts full House on July 28, 2021. The bill would provide a total of $62.401 billion in net budget authority for SFOPS accounts
($62.976 billion pre-rescissions). FY2022 SFOPS legislation($62.976 billion pre-rescissions). FY2022 SFOPS legislation ~~(S.3075)~~, S. 3075, was introduced in the Senate on October 26; no further was introduced in the Senate on October 26; no further
action has been taken. action has been taken. ~~Two~~Three continuing resolutions have been enacted to continue funding federal agencies in FY2022, largely continuing resolutions have been enacted to continue funding federal agencies in FY2022, largely
at FY2021 levels, while final action on appropriations is pending. The current continuing resolution, P.L. 117-at FY2021 levels, while final action on appropriations is pending. The current continuing resolution, P.L. 117-~~70,~~ 86, extends extends
appropriations through appropriations through ~~February 18~~March 11, 2022. , 2022.
An account-by-account comparison of the FY2022 SFOPS request, House-passed FY2022 SFOPS legislation, and FY2021 An account-by-account comparison of the FY2022 SFOPS request, House-passed FY2022 SFOPS legislation, and FY2021
SFOPS enacted funding is presented inSFOPS enacted funding is presented in Appendix A. Appendix B provides a similar comparison, focused specifically on the provides a similar comparison, focused specifically on the
International Affairs budget.International Affairs budget. Appendix C depicts the organization of the SFOPS appropriation. depicts the organization of the SFOPS appropriation.
This report tracks SFOPS appropriations, comparing funding levels for accounts and purposes across FY2022 proposals and This report tracks SFOPS appropriations, comparing funding levels for accounts and purposes across FY2022 proposals and
prior year enacted appropriations. It does not provide extensive analysis of international affairs policy issues. For in-depth prior year enacted appropriations. It does not provide extensive analysis of international affairs policy issues. For in-depth
analysis and contextual information on international affairs issues, consult the wide range of CRS reports on specific analysis and contextual information on international affairs issues, consult the wide range of CRS reports on specific
subjects, such as global health, diplomatic security, and U.S. participation in the United Nations. For more information on subjects, such as global health, diplomatic security, and U.S. participation in the United Nations. For more information on
SFOPS accounts, see CRS Report R40482, SFOPS accounts, see CRS Report R40482, Department of State, Foreign Operations Appropriations: A Guide to Component
Accounts, by Nick M. Brown and Cory R. Gill. , by Nick M. Brown and Cory R. Gill.
Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

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Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs

Overview
On May 28, 2021, the Biden Administration released its proposed FY2022 budget request, which On May 28, 2021, the Biden Administration released its proposed FY2022 budget request, which
calls for $62.656 billion in new budget authority for SFOPS accounts ($62.121 billion if proposed calls for $62.656 billion in new budget authority for SFOPS accounts ($62.121 billion if proposed
rescissions of prior year funding are subtracted).1 rescissions of prior year funding are subtracted).1
SFOPS funds support a wide range of U.S. activities around the world, including the operation of SFOPS funds support a wide range of U.S. activities around the world, including the operation of
U.S. embassies; diplomatic activities; educational and cultural exchanges; international U.S. embassies; diplomatic activities; educational and cultural exchanges; international
development, security, and humanitarian assistance; and U.S. participation in multilateral development, security, and humanitarian assistance; and U.S. participation in multilateral
organizations. The SFOPS appropriation closely aligns with the International Affairs budget organizations. The SFOPS appropriation closely aligns with the International Affairs budget
function,2 which typically represents about 1% of the annual federal budget and would do so function,2 which typically represents about 1% of the annual federal budget and would do so
again under the FY2022 budget proposal (seeagain under the FY2022 budget proposal (see Figure 1).
Figure 1. International Affairs as a Portion of the Federal Budget, FY2022 Est.

Sources: FY2022 Budget Historic Table 5.1; CRS calculations. FY2022 Budget Historic Table 5.1; CRS calculations.
Note: Reflects estimated budget authority, FY2022. Reflects estimated budget authority, FY2022.
The Administration’s FY2022 request may be compared to FY2021 funding in various ways. For The Administration’s FY2022 request may be compared to FY2021 funding in various ways. For
example, the requested amount is example, the requested amount is
 13% less than the total FY2021 enacted level, which includes almost $16 billion  13% less than the total FY2021 enacted level, which includes almost $16 billion
in emergency funds; and in emergency funds; and
 11% more than the enacted FY2021 level when emergency funding, used  11% more than the enacted FY2021 level when emergency funding, used
primarily for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) response, is excluded.3 primarily for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) response, is excluded.3
The FY2022 SFOPS request, the first of the Biden Administration, is significantly higher than all The FY2022 SFOPS request, the first of the Biden Administration, is significantly higher than all
Trump Administration SFOPS budget requests Trump Administration SFOPS budget requests (Table 1). It is also higher, though to a lesser . It is also higher, though to a lesser
degree, than most SFOPS total funding levels enacted in the past decade, in current dollars degree, than most SFOPS total funding levels enacted in the past decade, in current dollars
(Figure 2).

1 Rescissions of prior year funding do not affect new funding levels, but are considered when calculating the total 1 Rescissions of prior year funding do not affect new funding levels, but are considered when calculating the total
budget impact of a proposal for purposes such as compliance with the subcommittee’s 302(b) allocation or spending budget impact of a proposal for purposes such as compliance with the subcommittee’s 302(b) allocation or spending
caps imposed by law. caps imposed by law.
2 The SFOPS budget aligns closely but not exactly with Function 150 (International Affairs) of the federal budget. The 2 The SFOPS budget aligns closely but not exactly with Function 150 (International Affairs) of the federal budget. The
primary exception is international food aid programs, which are part of Function 150 but funded through the agriculture primary exception is international food aid programs, which are part of Function 150 but funded through the agriculture
appropriation. SFOPS also includes funding for international commissions in the Function 300 budget. appropriation. SFOPS also includes funding for international commissions in the Function 300 budget.
3 For information on international affairs funding for COVID-19 response, see CRS In Focus IF11496, 3 For information on international affairs funding for COVID-19 response, see CRS In Focus IF11496, COVID-19 and
Foreign Assistance: Issues for Congress, by Nick M. Brown, Marian L. Lawson, and Emily M. Morgenstern, and CRS , by Nick M. Brown, Marian L. Lawson, and Emily M. Morgenstern, and CRS
Report R46319, Report R46319, Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): Q&A on Global Implications and Responses, coordinated by , coordinated by
Tiaji Salaam-Blyther. Tiaji Salaam-Blyther.
Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

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Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs

Table 1. SFOPS Requests and Actual Funding, FY2013-FY2022
(In billions of current U.S. dollars) (In billions of current U.S. dollars)

FY2013
FY2014
FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 FY2018 FY2019
FY2020
FY2021
FY2022
Request Request
56.41 56.41
51.96 51.96
55.01 55.01
54.83 54.83
60.21 60.21
40.21 40.21
41.66 41.66
43.10 43.10
44.12 44.12
62.66 62.66
Actual Actual
51.91 51.91
50.89 50.89
54.39 54.39
54.52 54.52
59.78 59.78
54.18 54.18
54.38 54.38
57.37 57.37
71.58 71.58

Difference Difference
-8.0% -8.0%
-2.1% -2.1%
-1.1% -1.1%
-0.6% -0.6%
-0.7% -0.7%
+34.7% +34.7%
+30.5% +30.5%
+33.1% +33.1%
+62.2% +62.2%

Sources: Annual SFOPS Congressional Budget Justifications (CBJs) prepared by the Department of State and Annual SFOPS Congressional Budget Justifications (CBJs) prepared by the Department of State and
U.S. Agency of International Development; P.L. 116-6; P.L. 116-94; P.L. 116-123; P.L. 116-136; P.L. 116-260; P.L. U.S. Agency of International Development; P.L. 116-6; P.L. 116-94; P.L. 116-123; P.L. 116-136; P.L. 116-260; P.L.
117-2; P.L. 117-31. 117-2; P.L. 117-31.
Note: Actuals include supplemental and emergency funds. Actuals include supplemental and emergency funds.
Figure 2. SFOPS Funding, FY2010-FY2022
(In billions of current U.S. dollars) (In billions of current U.S. dollars)

Sources: Annual SFOPS CBJs; P.L. 116-94; P.L. 116-123; P.L. 116-136; P.L. 116-260; P.L. 117-2; P.L. 117-31; CRS Annual SFOPS CBJs; P.L. 116-94; P.L. 116-123; P.L. 116-136; P.L. 116-260; P.L. 117-2; P.L. 117-31; CRS
calculations. calculations.
Overseas Contingency Operations and Emergency Funds
From FY2012 to FY2021, the appropriations process has been shaped by discretionary spending From FY2012 to FY2021, the appropriations process has been shaped by discretionary spending
caps put in place by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA; P.L. 112-25). Congress managed the caps put in place by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA; P.L. 112-25). Congress managed the
constraints imposed by the BCA in part by repeatedly amending the BCA to raise the caps, and constraints imposed by the BCA in part by repeatedly amending the BCA to raise the caps, and
also by designating a portion of annual SFOPS appropriations as “Overseas Contingency also by designating a portion of annual SFOPS appropriations as “Overseas Contingency
Operations” (OCO) or “emergency” funding, both of which were excluded from BCA Operations” (OCO) or “emergency” funding, both of which were excluded from BCA
discretionary budget limits.4 Congress began using the OCO designation in SFOPS appropriations discretionary budget limits.4 Congress began using the OCO designation in SFOPS appropriations
in FY2012. OCO’s use expanded considerably in funding level and scope until FY2017, when in FY2012. OCO’s use expanded considerably in funding level and scope until FY2017, when

4 While OCO and emergency funding limited the impact of the BCA on international affairs funding, such funding was 4 While OCO and emergency funding limited the impact of the BCA on international affairs funding, such funding was
reduced in FY2013 through the sequestration provisions in the BCA. For more information, see CRS Report R42994, reduced in FY2013 through the sequestration provisions in the BCA. For more information, see CRS Report R42994,
The Budget Control Act, Sequestration, and the Foreign Affairs Budget: Background and Possible Impacts, by Susan , by Susan
B. Epstein. B. Epstein.
Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

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OCO-designated SFOPS funding peaked at $20.80 billion (nearly 35% of SFOPS funds that OCO-designated SFOPS funding peaked at $20.80 billion (nearly 35% of SFOPS funds that
year), before leveling off at $8 billion annually between FY2019 and FY2021.5 year), before leveling off at $8 billion annually between FY2019 and FY2021.5
In addition to OCO funds, Congress has periodically used funding designated as “emergency” to In addition to OCO funds, Congress has periodically used funding designated as “emergency” to
address a range of unanticipated needs. This designation was used in FY2020 and FY2021 to address a range of unanticipated needs. This designation was used in FY2020 and FY2021 to
address needs related to the COVID-19 pandemic abroad and humanitarian assistance for address needs related to the COVID-19 pandemic abroad and humanitarian assistance for
Afghanistan and Afghan refugees. Like OCO-designated funding, emergency-designated funding Afghanistan and Afghan refugees. Like OCO-designated funding, emergency-designated funding
did not count toward the BCA discretionary spending caps and could therefore be used as an did not count toward the BCA discretionary spending caps and could therefore be used as an
alternative to the OCO designation. Before the use of OCO in SFOPS, supplemental emergency alternative to the OCO designation. Before the use of OCO in SFOPS, supplemental emergency
appropriations were the primary mechanism for funding contingency activities. appropriations were the primary mechanism for funding contingency activities.
The FY2022 appropriations cycle is the first in a decade for which the BCA is not a factor, and The FY2022 appropriations cycle is the first in a decade for which the BCA is not a factor, and
may mark the end of the OCO designation within SFOPS legislation. While Administrations have may mark the end of the OCO designation within SFOPS legislation. While Administrations have
not requested OCO funding in the international affairs budget since FY2018, the FY2022 House-not requested OCO funding in the international affairs budget since FY2018, the FY2022 House-
passed bill is the first SFOPS legislation since FY2012 to not include OCO-designated funds. passed bill is the first SFOPS legislation since FY2012 to not include OCO-designated funds.
Although BCA spending caps no longer apply, SFOPS spending is limited by the subcommittee Although BCA spending caps no longer apply, SFOPS spending is limited by the subcommittee
allocation approved in the annual budget resolution or by the Appropriations Committeeallocation approved in the annual budget resolution or by the Appropriations Committee (Table
2). Emergency-designated funding does not count toward this allocation, so Congress may . Emergency-designated funding does not count toward this allocation, so Congress may
continue to use the emergency designation for supplemental funding to address unanticipated continue to use the emergency designation for supplemental funding to address unanticipated
needs in FY2022. needs in FY2022.
OCO-designated funding has become largely indistinguishable from base funding in terms of the OCO-designated funding has become largely indistinguishable from base funding in terms of the
activities it supports, whereas emergency-designated funding continues to be used primarily for activities it supports, whereas emergency-designated funding continues to be used primarily for
short-term needs arising from unanticipated events. For this reason, this report generally groups short-term needs arising from unanticipated events. For this reason, this report generally groups
base and OCO funding together, comparing FY2022 proposed funding levels with total FY2021 base and OCO funding together, comparing FY2022 proposed funding levels with total FY2021
enacted funding (base + OCO + emergency) as well as to nonemergency funding (base + OCO) to enacted funding (base + OCO + emergency) as well as to nonemergency funding (base + OCO) to
serve various analytic purposes. serve various analytic purposes.
Congressional Action
Congressional action on FY2022 appropriations began with subcommittee hearings before the Congressional action on FY2022 appropriations began with subcommittee hearings before the
Administration’s full request was transmitted to Congress in late May—months later than is Administration’s full request was transmitted to Congress in late May—months later than is
typical, although late submissions are not unusual at the start of a new Administrationtypical, although late submissions are not unusual at the start of a new Administration. Table 2
shows the status of congressional action on FY2022 SFOPS legislation, and will be updated as shows the status of congressional action on FY2022 SFOPS legislation, and will be updated as
necessary. necessary.
Table 2. Status of FY2022 SFOPS Appropriations
(funding levels in billions of U.S. dollars) (funding levels in billions of U.S. dollars)
302(b)
Committee

Allocations
Action
Floor Action
Conference Agreement
Chamber
House
Senate
House
Senate
House
Senate
House
Senate
Final
Date
7/16/21 7/16/21

7/1/21 7/1/21

7/28/21 7/28/21

Total $
62.401 62.401

62.401 62.401

62.401 62.401

Source: H.R. H.R. ~~4374~~4373; H.Rept. 117-91. Notes: The 302(b) allocation of budget authority does not include emergency or OCO funds, or the mandatory funds in the Foreign Service Retirement account. Funding totals account for rescissions. Legislation has been introduced in the Senate (S. 3075); no committee action has taken place~~; H.Rept. 117-91~~. .

5 For more information on the use of OCO in the international affairs budget, see CRS In Focus IF10143, 5 For more information on the use of OCO in the international affairs budget, see CRS In Focus IF10143, Foreign
Affairs Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) Funding: Background and Current Status, by Emily M. Morgenstern. , by Emily M. Morgenstern.
Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

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Notes: The 302(b) allocation of budget authority does not include emergency or OCO funds, or the mandatory
~~funds in the Foreign Service Retirement account. Funding totals account for rescissions. Legislation has been~~
~~introduced in the Senate (S.3075); no committee action has taken place.~~
House Legislation. The House SFOPS subcommittee approved a FY2022 bill, H.R. The House SFOPS subcommittee approved a FY2022 bill, H.R. ~~4374~~4373, by , by
voice vote on June 18, 2021. The legislation, which includes $63.976 billion in new SFOPS voice vote on June 18, 2021. The legislation, which includes $63.976 billion in new SFOPS
budget authority ($62.401 after rescissions), was approved by the full Appropriations Committee budget authority ($62.401 after rescissions), was approved by the full Appropriations Committee
on July 1, 2021, and by the House of Representatives on July 28, 2021. on July 1, 2021, and by the House of Representatives on July 28, 2021.
Senate Legislation. FY2022 SFOPS legislation, S. 3075, was introduced in the Senate on FY2022 SFOPS legislation, S. 3075, was introduced in the Senate on
October 26. It has yet to be considered by the Senate SFOPS subcommittee. It is not included in October 26. It has yet to be considered by the Senate SFOPS subcommittee. It is not included in
the tables and figures in this report, though the report may be updated in the event that committee the tables and figures in this report, though the report may be updated in the event that committee
action occurs. action occurs.
Continuing Resolutions. No appropriations legislation for FY2022, including for SFOPS, was No appropriations legislation for FY2022, including for SFOPS, was
enacted before FY2022 began on October 1, 2021. To prevent a lapse in appropriations, a enacted before FY2022 began on October 1, 2021. To prevent a lapse in appropriations, a
continuing resolution, the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance continuing resolution, the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance
Act (P.L. 117-43), was enacted on September 30, 2021, to continue funding federal agencies until Act (P.L. 117-43), was enacted on September 30, 2021, to continue funding federal agencies until
December 3, 2021. Funding was largely continued at FY2021 levels, but the legislation provided December 3, 2021. Funding was largely continued at FY2021 levels, but the legislation provided
an additional $2.17 billion in SFOPS accounts for activities related to assisting individuals at risk an additional $2.17 billion in SFOPS accounts for activities related to assisting individuals at risk
in Afghanistan.6 A second continuing resolution, the Further Extending Government Funding Act in Afghanistan.6 A second continuing resolution, the Further Extending Government Funding Act
(P.L. 117-70), was enacted and signed into law on December 3, extending appropriations through (P.L. 117-70), was enacted and signed into law on December 3, extending appropriations through
February 18, 2022. This legislation also largely continued SFOPS funding at the FY2021 level, February 18, 2022. This legislation also largely continued SFOPS funding at the FY2021 level,
while including an additional $1.28 billion within SFOPS accounts to support evacuation and while including an additional $1.28 billion within SFOPS accounts to support evacuation and
resettlement activities related to the situation in Afghanistan.7resettlement activities related to the situation in Afghanistan.7
A third continuing resolution, P.L. 117-86, extended funding for SFOPS accounts (and almost all appropriations accounts) at the P.L. 117-70 level through March 11, 2022. State Department Operations and Related Agency
Funding Highlights
The Biden Administration’s FY2022 request seeks $18.4 billion in funding for the Department of The Biden Administration’s FY2022 request seeks $18.4 billion in funding for the Department of
State and Related Agency appropriations accounts, or approximately 5% more than the FY2021 State and Related Agency appropriations accounts, or approximately 5% more than the FY2021
enacted level of $17.5 billion. Priorities the Administration intends to fund through these accounts enacted level of $17.5 billion. Priorities the Administration intends to fund through these accounts
in FY2022 include in FY2022 include
 revitalizing the foreign policy workforce and broadening diversity, equity, and  revitalizing the foreign policy workforce and broadening diversity, equity, and
inclusion; inclusion;
 modernizing the State Department’s information technology and enhancing  modernizing the State Department’s information technology and enhancing
cybersecurity; cybersecurity;
 supporting international organizations and peacekeeping; and  supporting international organizations and peacekeeping; and
 sustaining security operations and consular services.8  sustaining security operations and consular services.8

Continuing Resolution. P.L. 117-43, the continuing resolution that funded federal P.L. 117-43, the continuing resolution that funded federal
agencies in FY2022 through December 3, 2021, included an additional $276.9 million for agencies in FY2022 through December 3, 2021, included an additional $276.9 million for
the Emergencies in the Diplomatic and Consular Service (EDCS) account. The law specifies that such funding is for “support for Operation Allies Welcome and related efforts by the Department of State, including
6 P.L. 117-43 also included FY2022 SFOPS account funding in Division C, Title IV: $276.9 million for Emergency 6 P.L. 117-43 also included FY2022 SFOPS account funding in Division C, Title IV: $276.9 million for Emergency
Diplomatic and Consular Services, $400 million for International Disaster Assistance, and $1,076.1 million for Diplomatic and Consular Services, $400 million for International Disaster Assistance, and $1,076.1 million for
Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance. It is unclear how this funding will affect final FY2022 appropriations. Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance. It is unclear how this funding will affect final FY2022 appropriations.
7 Account details for the supplemental funding in the continuing resolutions is provided in the 7 Account details for the supplemental funding in the continuing resolutions is provided in the “State Department
Operations and Related Agency Funding Highlights” and and “Foreign Operations Highlights” sections of this report. sections of this report.
8 U.S. Department of State, 8 U.S. Department of State, FY2022 Budget Request, slide presentation, May 28, 2021, p. 10. , slide presentation, May 28, 2021, p. 10.
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~~the Emergencies in the Diplomatic and Consular Service (EDCS) account. The law~~
~~specifies that such funding is for “support for Operation Allies Welcome and related~~
~~efforts by the Department of State, including~~ additional relocations of individuals at risk additional relocations of individuals at risk
as a result of the situation in Afghanistan and related expenses” and to reimburse the as a result of the situation in Afghanistan and related expenses” and to reimburse the
account for previous obligations. The current continuing resolution, P.L. 117-70, expires account for previous obligations. The current continuing resolution, P.L. 117-70, expires
on February 18, 2022. It provides an additional $44.3 million for the Diplomatic on February 18, 2022. It provides an additional $44.3 million for the Diplomatic
Programs account and $36 million for EDCS for the same purposes as those specified in Programs account and $36 million for EDCS for the same purposes as those specified in
P.L. 117-43. P.L. 117-43.
Table 3. State Department and Related Agency: Selected Accounts
(In billions of current U.S. dollars; includes OCO funds) (In billions of current U.S. dollars; includes OCO funds)
%
change,
FY21
enacted
FY2020
FY2021
FY2022
to FY22
FY2022
Account
Actual
Enacted Request
request
House
Diplomatic Programs
9.51 9.51
9.37 9.37
9.49 9.49
1.2% 1.2%
9.48 9.48
Worldwide Security Protection
4.10
4.12
4.08
-1.1% -1.1%
4.08
Embassy Security, Construction &
1.98 1.98
1.95 1.95
1.98 1.98
1.7% 1.7%
2.00 2.00
Maintenance
Educational & Cultural Exchange Programs
0.74 0.74
0.74 0.74
0.74 0.74
0.1% 0.1%
0.75 0.75
International Organizations
3.00 3.00
2.96 2.96
3.59 3.59
21.2% 21.2%
3.59 3.59
U.S. Agency for Global Media
0.81 0.81
0.80 0.80
0.81 0.81
0.9% 0.9%
0.82 0.82
State and Related Agency Total
17.64
17.49
18.35
4.9%
18.20
(includes Function 300 funding and other
commissions)
Sources: FY2022 SFOPS CBJ; H.R. 4373; P.L. 116-260; CRS calculations. State and Related Agency totals include FY2022 SFOPS CBJ; H.R. 4373; P.L. 116-260; CRS calculations. State and Related Agency totals include
additional funding for accounts not listed above. additional funding for accounts not listed above.
Diplomatic Programs
The Diplomatic Programs account is the State Department’s principal operating appropriation and The Diplomatic Programs account is the State Department’s principal operating appropriation and
funds several programs and functions, including funds several programs and functions, including
 most domestic and overseas Foreign Service and Civil Service personnel salaries;  most domestic and overseas Foreign Service and Civil Service personnel salaries;
 the State Department’s recruitment, diversity, and inclusion programs;  the State Department’s recruitment, diversity, and inclusion programs;
 public diplomacy programs; and  public diplomacy programs; and
 the operations and programs of the State Department’s strategic and managerial  the operations and programs of the State Department’s strategic and managerial
units, including the Bureaus of Administration, Budget and Planning, Information units, including the Bureaus of Administration, Budget and Planning, Information
Resource Management (the State Department’s information technology bureau), Resource Management (the State Department’s information technology bureau),
and Legislative Affairs as well as the Office of the Chief of Protocol.9 and Legislative Affairs as well as the Office of the Chief of Protocol.9

9 U.S. Department of State, 9 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification: Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related
Programs, Fiscal Year 2022, pp. 16-20. , pp. 16-20.
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The Biden Administration’s FY2022 The Biden Administration’s FY2022
request for the Diplomatic Programs request for the Diplomatic Programs
Consular and Border Security Programs
account totals $9.5 billion, approximately account totals $9.5 billion, approximately
The Consular and Border Security Programs (CBSP) The Consular and Border Security Programs (CBSP)
1% more than the $9.4 billion Congress 1% more than the $9.4 billion Congress
account funds many of the State Department’s core account funds many of the State Department’s core
provided in FY2021. As part of the Biden provided in FY2021. As part of the Biden
consular functions, including the adjudication of visa and consular functions, including the adjudication of visa and
passport applications. While CBSP is typically funded passport applications. While CBSP is typically funded
Administration’s stated commitment to Administration’s stated commitment to
through consular fees and surcharges, fee col ections have through consular fees and surcharges, fee col ections have
revitalizing the foreign policy workforce, it revitalizing the foreign policy workforce, it
declined considerably amid global travel restrictions declined considerably amid global travel restrictions
is requesting funding for an additional 485 is requesting funding for an additional 485
imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic.10 The Biden imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic.10 The Biden
Foreign Service and Civil Service Foreign Service and Civil Service
Administration is forecasting that fee col ections wil remain Administration is forecasting that fee col ections wil remain
positions, 337 of which would be funded positions, 337 of which would be funded
below pre-COVID-19 levels during FY2022. It is therefore below pre-COVID-19 levels during FY2022. It is therefore
requesting that Congress provide a $320 mil ion requesting that Congress provide a $320 mil ion
through Diplomatic Programs.12 Within through Diplomatic Programs.12 Within
appropriation for the CBSP account, extend broadened fee appropriation for the CBSP account, extend broadened fee
this request are 130 new Foreign Service this request are 130 new Foreign Service
expenditure and transfer authorities that were enacted expenditure and transfer authorities that were enacted
Officer positions the Administration has Officer positions the Administration has
during the COVID-19 pandemic, and authorize new or during the COVID-19 pandemic, and authorize new or
indicated will be focused on advancing indicated will be focused on advancing
increased consular fees or surcharges.11 If enacted, the increased consular fees or surcharges.11 If enacted, the
House bil would appropriate $320 mil ion for CBSP and House bil would appropriate $320 mil ion for CBSP and
U.S. prosperity and countering Chinese U.S. prosperity and countering Chinese
include some, but not all, of the fee-related legislative include some, but not all, of the fee-related legislative
economic influence, defending U.S. economic influence, defending U.S.
provisions the Biden Administration requested. provisions the Biden Administration requested.
interests against malign influence from interests against malign influence from
Russia and other foreign actors, and engaging with the United Nations and other organizations.13 Russia and other foreign actors, and engaging with the United Nations and other organizations.13
The request includes funding for 20 new Civil Service positions to support the Bureau of The request includes funding for 20 new Civil Service positions to support the Bureau of
Information Resource Management’s cybersecurity and risk management programs.14 Information Resource Management’s cybersecurity and risk management programs.14
The Biden Administration’s Diplomatic Programs request also includes $46.5 million for The Biden Administration’s Diplomatic Programs request also includes $46.5 million for
diversity and inclusion resources, which would be $25.1 million more than the funding provided diversity and inclusion resources, which would be $25.1 million more than the funding provided
for these purposes in FY2021.15 Among other priorities, the request proposes language for for these purposes in FY2021.15 Among other priorities, the request proposes language for
inclusion in the FY2022 SFOPS appropriations measure that the State Department maintains inclusion in the FY2022 SFOPS appropriations measure that the State Department maintains
would expand its ability to offer paid internships and $10 million to fund such internships. The would expand its ability to offer paid internships and $10 million to fund such internships. The
State Department notes that providing compensation for interns will “ensure that all eligible State Department notes that providing compensation for interns will “ensure that all eligible
candidates can take advantage of [internship programs], regardless of background.”16 The request candidates can take advantage of [internship programs], regardless of background.”16 The request
also prioritizes disability hiring programs; additional diversity and inclusion content within also prioritizes disability hiring programs; additional diversity and inclusion content within
orientation, leadership, and tradecraft classes for State Department personnel; and coaching orientation, leadership, and tradecraft classes for State Department personnel; and coaching
services for employees from under-represented groups.17 services for employees from under-represented groups.17
House Legislation. If enacted, H.R. 4373 would appropriate approximately $9.5 billion for If enacted, H.R. 4373 would appropriate approximately $9.5 billion for
Diplomatic Programs. This overall funding level is less than the Biden Administration’s request Diplomatic Programs. This overall funding level is less than the Biden Administration’s request
(se(see Table 3). The House bill seeks to provide $3.2 billion for the Diplomatic Programs account’s . The House bill seeks to provide $3.2 billion for the Diplomatic Programs account’s
Human Resources funding category (through which funds are directed toward salaries for Human Resources funding category (through which funds are directed toward salaries for
domestic and overseas U.S. direct hire employees), identical to the Biden Administration’s domestic and overseas U.S. direct hire employees), identical to the Biden Administration’s
request for Human Resources.18 Additionally, the House Appropriations Committee report request for Human Resources.18 Additionally, the House Appropriations Committee report

10 To review the statutory authorization for the CBSP account, see Division J, Title VII, Section 7081 of P.L. 115-31. 10 To review the statutory authorization for the CBSP account, see Division J, Title VII, Section 7081 of P.L. 115-31.
11 U.S. Department of State, 11 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, Appendix 1: Department of State Diplomatic
Engagement, Fiscal Year 2022, pp. 68-79 , pp. 68-79
12 Ibid., p. 6. 12 Ibid., p. 6.
13 Ibid., p. 48 13 Ibid., p. 48
14 Ibid., p. 50. 14 Ibid., p. 50.
15 Ibid., p. 46. 15 Ibid., p. 46.
16 Ibid., pp. 41, 95. 16 Ibid., pp. 41, 95.
17 Ibid., pp. 90, 95-96. 17 Ibid., pp. 90, 95-96.
18 U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, 18 U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, State Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
Appropriations Bill, 2022, report to accompany H.R. 4373, 117th Cong., 1st sess., H.Rept. 117-84, (Washington, DC: , report to accompany H.R. 4373, 117th Cong., 1st sess., H.Rept. 117-84, (Washington, DC:
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accompanying this bill states that it provides sufficient resources for the Administration to accompanying this bill states that it provides sufficient resources for the Administration to
“restore and expand” the State Department’s workforce.19 With respect to diversity and inclusion, “restore and expand” the State Department’s workforce.19 With respect to diversity and inclusion,
the committee report notes that the bill includes funding for the State Department “to prioritize the committee report notes that the bill includes funding for the State Department “to prioritize
initiatives aimed at making real and sustainable progress in diversifying our foreign policy initiatives aimed at making real and sustainable progress in diversifying our foreign policy
workforce.”20 Furthermore, H.R. 4373 includes language similar to what the State Department workforce.”20 Furthermore, H.R. 4373 includes language similar to what the State Department
requested that, if enacted, would enable the State Department to offer additional paid internships. requested that, if enacted, would enable the State Department to offer additional paid internships.
The committee report recommends not less than $10 million for this purpose, in line with the The committee report recommends not less than $10 million for this purpose, in line with the
Administration’s request.21 Administration’s request.21
Diplomatic Security
The Worldwide Security Protection (WSP) allocation within the Diplomatic Programs account The Worldwide Security Protection (WSP) allocation within the Diplomatic Programs account
and the Embassy Security, Construction, and Maintenance (ESCM) account are often referred to and the Embassy Security, Construction, and Maintenance (ESCM) account are often referred to
as the “diplomatic security accounts” within SFOPS. WSP funds the Bureau of Diplomatic as the “diplomatic security accounts” within SFOPS. WSP funds the Bureau of Diplomatic
Security (DS), which is responsible for implementing the State Department’s security programs Security (DS), which is responsible for implementing the State Department’s security programs
to protect U.S. embassies and other overseas posts, diplomatic residences, and domestic State to protect U.S. embassies and other overseas posts, diplomatic residences, and domestic State
Department offices.22 The ESCM account funds the Bureau of Overseas Building Operations, Department offices.22 The ESCM account funds the Bureau of Overseas Building Operations,
which is tasked with providing U.S. diplomatic and consular missions overseas with secure, which is tasked with providing U.S. diplomatic and consular missions overseas with secure,
functional, and resilient facilities and serving as the single manager for nonmilitary U.S. functional, and resilient facilities and serving as the single manager for nonmilitary U.S.
Government real property abroad.23 Government real property abroad.23
For FY2022, the Administration requested approximately $6.1 billion for the diplomatic security For FY2022, the Administration requested approximately $6.1 billion for the diplomatic security
accounts: $4.1 billion for WSP and $2.0 billion for ESCM. The Administration’s request is less accounts: $4.1 billion for WSP and $2.0 billion for ESCM. The Administration’s request is less
than the funding Congress provided for these accounts in FY2021 (seethan the funding Congress provided for these accounts in FY2021 (see Table 4). .
Table 4. Diplomatic Security Annual Appropriations, FY2020 Actual-FY2022 Request
(In billions of current U.S. dollars, includes OCO funds) (In billions of current U.S. dollars, includes OCO funds)
% change, FY21
FY2020
FY2021
FY2022
enacted to FY22
FY2022
Account
Actual
Enacted
Request
request
House
Worldwide Security Protection Worldwide Security Protection
4.10 4.10
4.12 4.12
4.08 4.08
-1.1% -1.1%
4.08 4.08
Embassy Security, Construction, Embassy Security, Construction,
1.98 1.98
1.95 1.95
1.98 1.98
1.7% 1.7%
2.00 2.00
and Maintenance and Maintenance
Diplomatic Security (total)
6.08
6.07
6.06
-0.2%
6.08
Sources: FY2022 SFOPS CBJ; H.R. 4373FY2022 SFOPS CBJ; H.R. 4373; P.L. 116-260; CRS calculations. P.L. 116-260; CRS calculations.
Notes: Percentage changes may not reflect numbers included in this table due to rounding. Annual Percentage changes may not reflect numbers included in this table due to rounding. Annual
appropriations data do not reflect available carryover funds.24 appropriations data do not reflect available carryover funds.24

GPO, 2020), p. 10; U.S. Department of State, GPO, 2020), p. 10; U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, Appendix 1, pp. 48, 53. , pp. 48, 53.
19 House Committee on Appropriations, 19 House Committee on Appropriations, State Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2022, p. , p.
4. 4.
20 House Committee on Appropriations, 20 House Committee on Appropriations, State Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2022, p. , p.
6. 6.
21 Ibid., p. 12. See also Section 7063(d)(4) of H.R. 4373. 21 Ibid., p. 12. See also Section 7063(d)(4) of H.R. 4373.
22 U.S. Department of State, 22 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 20. , p. 20.
23 U.S. Department of State, 23 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, Appendix 1, pp. 2, 321. , pp. 2, 321.
24 Over the past several years, Congress provided no-year appropriations for both WSP and ESCM, thereby authorizing 24 Over the past several years, Congress provided no-year appropriations for both WSP and ESCM, thereby authorizing
the State Department to indefinitely retain appropriated funds beyond the fiscal year for which they were appropriated. the State Department to indefinitely retain appropriated funds beyond the fiscal year for which they were appropriated.
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The Administration’s FY2022 WSP-funded priorities include 70 new DS overseas special agent The Administration’s FY2022 WSP-funded priorities include 70 new DS overseas special agent
positions, which it maintains are “instrumental to reducing overseas staffing gaps and mitigating positions, which it maintains are “instrumental to reducing overseas staffing gaps and mitigating
future year retirement trends.”25 The request also seeks funding for expanding the Assistant future year retirement trends.”25 The request also seeks funding for expanding the Assistant
Regional Security Officer Investigator (ARSO-I) program to combat visa and passport fraud and Regional Security Officer Investigator (ARSO-I) program to combat visa and passport fraud and
related human trafficking concerns, among other priorities.26 With regard to ESCM, the request related human trafficking concerns, among other priorities.26 With regard to ESCM, the request
calls for around $1 billion for the State Department’s share of the Capital Security Cost Sharing calls for around $1 billion for the State Department’s share of the Capital Security Cost Sharing
and Maintenance Cost Sharing Programs (CSCS/MCS), which fund the planning, design, and Maintenance Cost Sharing Programs (CSCS/MCS), which fund the planning, design,
construction, and maintenance of the United States’ overseas diplomatic posts. The construction, and maintenance of the United States’ overseas diplomatic posts. The
Administration maintains that this request, when combined with contributions from other Administration maintains that this request, when combined with contributions from other
agencies with overseas personnel, will fund these programs at the $2.2 billion level recommended agencies with overseas personnel, will fund these programs at the $2.2 billion level recommended
by the Benghazi Accountability Review Board.27 by the Benghazi Accountability Review Board.27
House Legislation. H.R. 4373, if enacted, would appropriate funding for WSP at a level identical H.R. 4373, if enacted, would appropriate funding for WSP at a level identical
to the Biden Administration’s request and include slightly ($12.3 million) more funding for to the Biden Administration’s request and include slightly ($12.3 million) more funding for
ESCM.28 H.R. 4373 does not directly address the Administration’s request for additional overseas ESCM.28 H.R. 4373 does not directly address the Administration’s request for additional overseas
DS special agents. The report accompanying this bill states that it includes the funding the DS special agents. The report accompanying this bill states that it includes the funding the
Administration requires to hire additional State Department personnel more generally.29 Neither Administration requires to hire additional State Department personnel more generally.29 Neither
the bill nor the committee report specifically address the proposed ARSO-I expansion. However, the bill nor the committee report specifically address the proposed ARSO-I expansion. However,
the bill appears to include sufficient funding to expand the program, as the overall funding it the bill appears to include sufficient funding to expand the program, as the overall funding it
appropriates for WSP is equal to the Administration’s request. Regarding the ESCM account, the appropriates for WSP is equal to the Administration’s request. Regarding the ESCM account, the
House bill would provide around $2.1 billion for the CSCS/MCS programs (when factoring in all House bill would provide around $2.1 billion for the CSCS/MCS programs (when factoring in all
funding sources), or nearly 4% less than the Biden Administration’s request.30 The House bill funding sources), or nearly 4% less than the Biden Administration’s request.30 The House bill
appropriates $12.3 million more than the Biden Administration requested in overall funding for appropriates $12.3 million more than the Biden Administration requested in overall funding for
ESCM. If enacted, the bill would thus include more funding than requested for other ESCM-ESCM. If enacted, the bill would thus include more funding than requested for other ESCM-
funded priorities.31 funded priorities.31

As a result, the department has carried over balances of unexpired, unobligated WSP and ESCM funds each year that it As a result, the department has carried over balances of unexpired, unobligated WSP and ESCM funds each year that it
is authorized to obligate for purposes including multiyear construction projects and unexpected security contingencies. is authorized to obligate for purposes including multiyear construction projects and unexpected security contingencies.
25 Ibid., p. 21. 25 Ibid., p. 21.
26 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022 Appendix, pp. 304-305, at https://www.usaid.gov/results-and-data/budget-spending/26 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022 Appendix, pp. 304-305, at https://www.usaid.gov/results-and-data/budget-spending/
congressional-budget-justification/fy2022. For background on ARSO-I, see U.S. Department of State, Bureau of congressional-budget-justification/fy2022. For background on ARSO-I, see U.S. Department of State, Bureau of
Diplomatic Security, “The Investigative Global Force Multiplier: Diplomatic Security Service’s Assistant Regional Diplomatic Security, “The Investigative Global Force Multiplier: Diplomatic Security Service’s Assistant Regional
Security Officer-Investigators,” May 27, 2020, at https://www.state.gov/the-investigative-global-force-multiplier-Security Officer-Investigators,” May 27, 2020, at https://www.state.gov/the-investigative-global-force-multiplier-
diplomatic-security-services-assistant-regional-security-officer-investigators/. diplomatic-security-services-assistant-regional-security-officer-investigators/.
27 Ibid., p. 322. 27 Ibid., p. 322.
28 The Biden Administration’s precise requests for WSP and ESCM, as provided in the State Department’s FY2022 28 The Biden Administration’s precise requests for WSP and ESCM, as provided in the State Department’s FY2022
Congressional Budget Justification, total $4,075,899,000 and $1,983,149,000, respectively. The funding totals in the Congressional Budget Justification, total $4,075,899,000 and $1,983,149,000, respectively. The funding totals in the
House bill for WSP and ESCM total $4,075,899,000 and $1,995,449,000, respectively. House bill for WSP and ESCM total $4,075,899,000 and $1,995,449,000, respectively.
29 House Committee on Appropriations, 29 House Committee on Appropriations, State Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2022, p. , p.
4. 4.
30 The Biden Administration’s request totaled $2,204,997,000. If enacted, the House bill would provide 30 The Biden Administration’s request totaled $2,204,997,000. If enacted, the House bill would provide
$2,124,000,000. See $2,124,000,000. See Congressional Budget Justification, Appendix 1, p. 323, and House Committee on Appropriations, , p. 323, and House Committee on Appropriations,
State Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2022, p. 24. , p. 24.
31 Such priorities may include the Compound Security Upgrade Program, which funds comprehensive security upgrade 31 Such priorities may include the Compound Security Upgrade Program, which funds comprehensive security upgrade
projects at U.S. overseas posts and anti-ram vehicle barrier installations, among other projects. See U.S. Department of projects at U.S. overseas posts and anti-ram vehicle barrier installations, among other projects. See U.S. Department of
State, State, Congressional Budget Justification, Appendix 1, p. 323. , p. 323.
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Assessed Contributions to International Organizations and
Peacekeeping Missions
The Contributions to International Organizations (CIO) account is the funding vehicle for the The Contributions to International Organizations (CIO) account is the funding vehicle for the
United States’ payments of its assessed contributions (membership dues) to 43 international United States’ payments of its assessed contributions (membership dues) to 43 international
organizations. These include the United Nations (U.N.) and organizations in the U.N. system organizations. These include the United Nations (U.N.) and organizations in the U.N. system
(among them the World Health Organization, or WHO), inter-American organizations such as the (among them the World Health Organization, or WHO), inter-American organizations such as the
Organization of American States, and regional organizations including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization of American States, and regional organizations including the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO).32 Separately, the United States pays its assessed contributions to U.N. Organization (NATO).32 Separately, the United States pays its assessed contributions to U.N.
peacekeeping missions through the Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities peacekeeping missions through the Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities
(CIPA) account.33 U.S. funding to international organizations is also provided through various (CIPA) account.33 U.S. funding to international organizations is also provided through various
SFOPS multilateral assistance accounts (see SFOPS multilateral assistance accounts (see “Foreign Operations Highlights,” below). below).
The Biden Administration requested a combined $3.6 billion for these accounts for FY2022. If The Biden Administration requested a combined $3.6 billion for these accounts for FY2022. If
enacted, this funding level would total a 21% increase from the funds Congress appropriated for enacted, this funding level would total a 21% increase from the funds Congress appropriated for
FYFY2021. Table 5 shows recent funding levels for each account. shows recent funding levels for each account.
Table 5. U.S. Payments of Assessments to International Organizations and
Peacekeeping Missions, FY2019-FY2021 Request
(In billions of current U.S. dollars; includes OCO funds) (In billions of current U.S. dollars; includes OCO funds)
% change,
FY21
enacted to
FY2020
FY2021
FY2022
FY22
FY2022
Account
Actual
Enacted
Request
request
House
Contributions to International Organizations Contributions to International Organizations
1.47 1.47
1.51 1.51
1.66 1.66
10.4% 10.4%
1.66 1.66
Contributions for International Contributions for International
1.53 1.53
1.46 1.46
1.93 1.93
32.4% 32.4%
1.93 1.93
Peacekeeping Activities Peacekeeping Activities
Total
3.00
2.97
3.59
21.2%
3.59
Sources: FY2022 SFOPS CBJ; H.R. 4373; P.L. 116-260; CRS calculations. FY2022 SFOPS CBJ; H.R. 4373; P.L. 116-260; CRS calculations.
Notes: Percentage changes may not reflect numbers included in this table due to rounding. Percentage changes may not reflect numbers included in this table due to rounding.
The Biden Administration maintains that its CIO request provides funding for “international The Biden Administration maintains that its CIO request provides funding for “international
programs and organizations whose missions substantially advance U.S. foreign policy interests.” programs and organizations whose missions substantially advance U.S. foreign policy interests.”
The Administration further notes that the request reflects its expectation that international The Administration further notes that the request reflects its expectation that international
organizations should “rein in costs,” improve their efficiency and effectiveness, enhance their organizations should “rein in costs,” improve their efficiency and effectiveness, enhance their
accountability and transparency, and share funding burdens more equitably among member accountability and transparency, and share funding burdens more equitably among member
states.34 Among other priorities, the request seeks $75 million for payments to the U.N. states.34 Among other priorities, the request seeks $75 million for payments to the U.N.
Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).35 The Administration is also Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).35 The Administration is also

32 U.S. Department of State, 32 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, pp. 48-49. , pp. 48-49.
33 Ibid., pp. 51-53. 33 Ibid., pp. 51-53.
34 U.S. Department of State, 34 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, pp. 48-49. , pp. 48-49.
35 U.S. Department of State, 35 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, Appendix 1, p. 363 , p. 363
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requesting authority for the United States to rejoin UNESCO.36 The Trump Administration requesting authority for the United States to rejoin UNESCO.36 The Trump Administration
withdrew the United States from UNESCO in 2018.37 withdrew the United States from UNESCO in 2018.37
For CIPA, the Biden Administration asserts that its FY2022 request advances its intent to fully For CIPA, the Biden Administration asserts that its FY2022 request advances its intent to fully
fund the United States’ U.N. peacekeeping commitments and pay down over $900 million in fund the United States’ U.N. peacekeeping commitments and pay down over $900 million in
arrears that have accumulated over the past four years (this figure excludes previously arrears that have accumulated over the past four years (this figure excludes previously
accumulated arrears).38 The accumulation of such arrears owes in part to the United Nations’ accumulated arrears).38 The accumulation of such arrears owes in part to the United Nations’
current assessment of the U.S. share of U.N. peacekeeping budgets, which totals 27.89%. This current assessment of the U.S. share of U.N. peacekeeping budgets, which totals 27.89%. This
exceeds the 25% congressional cap on payments for this purpose that Congress has kept in place exceeds the 25% congressional cap on payments for this purpose that Congress has kept in place
since 1994 due to concerns that U.S. assessments are too high.39 The Biden Administration’s since 1994 due to concerns that U.S. assessments are too high.39 The Biden Administration’s
request asks for $300 million to begin paying down such arrears; the Administration intends to request asks for $300 million to begin paying down such arrears; the Administration intends to
pay down the remainder in FY2023.40 The request also proposes language that, if enacted, would pay down the remainder in FY2023.40 The request also proposes language that, if enacted, would
authorize the State Department to make funds available for U.N. peacekeeping missions above authorize the State Department to make funds available for U.N. peacekeeping missions above
the aforementioned 25% statutory cap.41 the aforementioned 25% statutory cap.41
House Legislation. If enacted, the House bill would fund CIO and CIPA at the levels the Biden If enacted, the House bill would fund CIO and CIPA at the levels the Biden
Administration requested. While the bill seeks to provide an appropriation for CIO that is equal to Administration requested. While the bill seeks to provide an appropriation for CIO that is equal to
the Biden Administration’s request, which incorporates requested funding for UNESCO, the bill the Biden Administration’s request, which incorporates requested funding for UNESCO, the bill
does not include the waiver authority the Biden Administration requested that would allow the does not include the waiver authority the Biden Administration requested that would allow the
United States to rejoin the organization. The House bill includes both the $300 million the Biden United States to rejoin the organization. The House bill includes both the $300 million the Biden
Administration requested for the payment of peacekeeping arrears and requested legislative Administration requested for the payment of peacekeeping arrears and requested legislative
language to allow the State Department to make funds available for U.N. peacekeeping missions language to allow the State Department to make funds available for U.N. peacekeeping missions
in excess of the 25% statutory cap.42 in excess of the 25% statutory cap.42
Foreign Operations Highlights
The SFOPS appropriation’s foreign operations accounts comprise the majority of U.S. foreign The SFOPS appropriation’s foreign operations accounts comprise the majority of U.S. foreign
assistance included in the international affairs budget; the remainder is enacted in the agriculture assistance included in the international affairs budget; the remainder is enacted in the agriculture
appropriation, which provides funding for the Food for Peace Act, Title II and McGovern-Dole appropriation, which provides funding for the Food for Peace Act, Title II and McGovern-Dole
International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Programs.43 The Biden Administration’s International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Programs.43 The Biden Administration’s
FY2022 request for Foreign Operations accounts totals $44.3 billion. The total foreign assistance FY2022 request for Foreign Operations accounts totals $44.3 billion. The total foreign assistance

36 For additional background, see CRS In Focus IF10354, 36 For additional background, see CRS In Focus IF10354, United Nations Issues: U.S. Funding to the U.N. System, by , by
Luisa Blanchfield. Luisa Blanchfield.
37 For more information, see CRS Insight IN10802, 37 For more information, see CRS Insight IN10802, U.S. Withdrawal from the United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), by Luisa Blanchfield. , by Luisa Blanchfield.
38 For an overview of U.N. peacekeeping arrears accumulated prior to 2017, see CRS In Focus IF10597, 38 For an overview of U.N. peacekeeping arrears accumulated prior to 2017, see CRS In Focus IF10597, United
Nations Issues: U.S. Funding of U.N. Peacekeeping, by Luisa Blanchfield. , by Luisa Blanchfield.
39 Over the years, the gap between the actual U.S. assessment and the cap led to funding shortfalls. The State 39 Over the years, the gap between the actual U.S. assessment and the cap led to funding shortfalls. The State
Department and Congress often covered these shortfalls by raising the cap for limited periods and allowing for the Department and Congress often covered these shortfalls by raising the cap for limited periods and allowing for the
application of U.N. peacekeeping credits (excess U.N. funds from previous missions) to fund outstanding U.S. application of U.N. peacekeeping credits (excess U.N. funds from previous missions) to fund outstanding U.S.
balances. For several years, these actions allowed the United States to pay its peacekeeping assessments in full. balances. For several years, these actions allowed the United States to pay its peacekeeping assessments in full.
However, since FY2017 Congress has declined to raise the cap, and in mid-2017, the Trump Administration allowed However, since FY2017 Congress has declined to raise the cap, and in mid-2017, the Trump Administration allowed
for the application of peacekeeping credits up to, but not beyond, the 25% cap—which has led to the accumulation of for the application of peacekeeping credits up to, but not beyond, the 25% cap—which has led to the accumulation of
about $920 million in U.S. arrears from FY2017 to FY2020. For more information, see CRS In Focus IF10597, about $920 million in U.S. arrears from FY2017 to FY2020. For more information, see CRS In Focus IF10597, United
Nations Issues: U.S. Funding of U.N. Peacekeeping, by Luisa Blanchfield. See also U.S. Department of State, , by Luisa Blanchfield. See also U.S. Department of State,
Congressional Budget Justification, p. 51. , p. 51.
40 U.S. Department of State, 40 U.S. Department of State, FY2022 Budget Request, slide presentation, p. 42. , slide presentation, p. 42.
41 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022 Appendix 1, p. 397. See also 22 U.S.C. §287e note. 41 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022 Appendix 1, p. 397. See also 22 U.S.C. §287e note.
42 House Committee on Appropriations, 42 House Committee on Appropriations, State Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2022, p. , p.
6. 6.
43 For more on international food assistance programs, see CRS Report R45422, 43 For more on international food assistance programs, see CRS Report R45422, U.S. International Food Assistance:
An Overview, by Alyssa R. Casey and Emily M. Morgenstern. , by Alyssa R. Casey and Emily M. Morgenstern.
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request, including the food assistance provided in the agriculture appropriation, totals $46.1 request, including the food assistance provided in the agriculture appropriation, totals $46.1
billion, representing an 11% increase from FY2021-enacted nonemergency funds (i.e., base and billion, representing an 11% increase from FY2021-enacted nonemergency funds (i.e., base and
OCO) and a nearly 20% decrease from total enacted FY2021 appropriations (i.e., base, OCO, and OCO) and a nearly 20% decrease from total enacted FY2021 appropriations (i.e., base, OCO, and
emergency funds to address COVID-19 abroad, certain assistance for Sudan, and humanitarian emergency funds to address COVID-19 abroad, certain assistance for Sudan, and humanitarian
assistance for Afghanistan and Afghan refugees). Seassistance for Afghanistan and Afghan refugees). See Table 6 for a more detailed breakdown. for a more detailed breakdown.
Table 6. Foreign Assistance, by Type, FY2020-FY2022
(In millions of current U.S. dollars) (In millions of current U.S. dollars)
%
%
Change,
Change,
FY2021
FY2021
Non-
Total
FY2021
Emerg.
Enact.
Enacted
FY2021
vs.
vs.
FY2020
Base +
Enacted
FY2022
FY2022
FY2022
FY2022
Type
Actual
OCO
Totala
Request
Req.
Req.
House
USAID Administration
1,766.05 1,766.05
1,711.45 1,711.45
1,752.45 1,752.45
1,862.65 1,862.65
8.8% 8.8%
6.3% 6.3%
1,790.62 1,790.62
Global Health Programs
9,559.95 9,559.95
9,195.95 9,195.95
13,195.95 13,195.95
10,050.95 10,050.95
9.3% 9.3%
-23.8% -23.8%
10,641.45 10,641.45
Non-Health Development
8,119.08 8,119.08
8,302.04 8,302.04
17,797.04 17,797.04
9,902.11 9,902.11
19.3% 19.3%
-44.4% -44.4%
9,272.00 9,272.00
Assistance
(includes Treasury Technical (includes Treasury Technical
Assistance) Assistance)
Humanitarian Assistanceb
10,460.46 10,460.46
9,567.46 9,567.46
11,467.46 11,467.46
10,097.46 10,097.46
5.5% 5.5%
-11.9% -11.9%
10,267.46 10,267.46
Independent Agencies
1,474.00 1,474.00
1,393.50 1,393.50
1,393.50 1,393.50
1,393.50 1,393.50
0.0% 0.0%
0.0% 0.0%
1,430.00 1,430.00
Security Assistance
9,013.95 9,013.95
9,004.03 9,004.03
9,004.03 9,004.03
9,183.89 9,183.89
2.0% 2.0%
2.0% 2.0%
9,034.03 9,034.03
Multilateral Assistance
2,049.78 2,049.78
2,040.82 2,040.82
2,620.82 2,620.82
3,630.13 3,630.13
77.9% 77.9%
38.5% 38.5%
4,098.56 4,098.56
Export Promotionc
59.16 59.16
159.00 159.00
159.00 159.00
-13.61 -13.61
-108.6% -108.6%
-108.6% -108.6%
223.80 223.80
Foreign Assistance Total
42,502.42 42,502.42
41,374.25 41,374.25
57,390.25 57,390.25
46,107.05 46,107.05
11.4% 11.4%
-19.7% -19.7%
46,757.92 46,757.92
Sources: SFOPS CBJ for FY2022; H.R. 4373; H.R. 4356; CRS calculations. SFOPS CBJ for FY2022; H.R. 4373; H.R. 4356; CRS calculations.
a. FY2021 enacted total includes emergency funding to address COVID-19 abroad, select assistance for Sudan, a. FY2021 enacted total includes emergency funding to address COVID-19 abroad, select assistance for Sudan,
and humanitarian assistance for Afghanistan and Afghan refugees. and humanitarian assistance for Afghanistan and Afghan refugees.
b. Includes Food for Peace Act, Title II funds appropriated in annual Agriculture appropriations. b. Includes Food for Peace Act, Title II funds appropriated in annual Agriculture appropriations.
c. Export Promotion numbers are negative when anticipated receipts and other offsetting col ections are c. Export Promotion numbers are negative when anticipated receipts and other offsetting col ections are
expected to exceed appropriations, resulting in a net gain to the Treasury. expected to exceed appropriations, resulting in a net gain to the Treasury.
The House FY2022 legislation provides a total of $46.8 billion for foreign assistance (includes The House FY2022 legislation provides a total of $46.8 billion for foreign assistance (includes
food aid in the Agriculture appropriation, H.R. 4356). This represents a nearly 19% increase from food aid in the Agriculture appropriation, H.R. 4356). This represents a nearly 19% increase from
FY2021-enacted nonemergency funds, a 14% decrease from total FY2021-enacted funding, and a FY2021-enacted nonemergency funds, a 14% decrease from total FY2021-enacted funding, and a
5% increase over the Biden Administration’s request. 5% increase over the Biden Administration’s request.
Continuing Resolution. The first continuing resolution for FY2022 (P.L. 117-43), which expired The first continuing resolution for FY2022 (P.L. 117-43), which expired
on December 3, 2021, included a total of nearly $1.9 billion in emergency funding to address on December 3, 2021, included a total of nearly $1.9 billion in emergency funding to address
humanitarian needs in Afghanistan and to assist Afghan refugees, among other objectives. The humanitarian needs in Afghanistan and to assist Afghan refugees, among other objectives. The
funds were provided through three accounts: IDA ($400 million), MRA ($415 million), and funds were provided through three accounts: IDA ($400 million), MRA ($415 million), and
ERMA ($1.08 billion). The second continuing resolution for FY2022 (P.L. 117-70), expiring ERMA ($1.08 billion). The second continuing resolution for FY2022 (P.L. 117-70), expiring
February 18, 2022, includes $1.2 billion in supplemental ERMA funds “for support for Operation February 18, 2022, includes $1.2 billion in supplemental ERMA funds “for support for Operation
Allies Welcome and related efforts by the Department of State, including additional relocations of Allies Welcome and related efforts by the Department of State, including additional relocations of
individuals at risk as a result of the situation in Afghanistan and related expenses.” The CR also individuals at risk as a result of the situation in Afghanistan and related expenses.” The CR also
includes a provision that requires the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to includes a provision that requires the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to
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provide a report to Congress no later than January 15, 2022, on Operation Allies Welcome that provide a report to Congress no later than January 15, 2022, on Operation Allies Welcome that
includes “a strategy and transition plan leading to the conclusion” of the operation, among other includes “a strategy and transition plan leading to the conclusion” of the operation, among other
details. details.
Cross-Cutting Issues
The Biden Administration’s budget request articulates certain global priorities for FY2022. These The Biden Administration’s budget request articulates certain global priorities for FY2022. These
include responding to climate change through bilateral and multilateral efforts, addressing the include responding to climate change through bilateral and multilateral efforts, addressing the
first- and second-order effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and combating rising first- and second-order effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and combating rising
authoritarianism. authoritarianism.
Climate Change
The Biden Administration has identified climate change response as a top priority. Multilaterally, The Biden Administration has identified climate change response as a top priority. Multilaterally,
the Biden Administration proposes a $625 million contribution to the Green Climate Fund, which the Biden Administration proposes a $625 million contribution to the Green Climate Fund, which
would be the first U.S. contribution since FY2017. The request also includes $300 million for the would be the first U.S. contribution since FY2017. The request also includes $300 million for the
Clean Technology Fund and $100 million for Multilateral Climate Change Adaptation Funds. Clean Technology Fund and $100 million for Multilateral Climate Change Adaptation Funds.
Bilaterally, the Administration asserts that the request “increas[es] investments in systemic Bilaterally, the Administration asserts that the request “increas[es] investments in systemic
change that promotes adaptation resilience, renewable energy, and sustainable landscapes.”44 The change that promotes adaptation resilience, renewable energy, and sustainable landscapes.”44 The
Administration includes climate considerations in all regional-specific requests as well as certain Administration includes climate considerations in all regional-specific requests as well as certain
sector-specific requests such as those for food security and gender.45 The budget request also sector-specific requests such as those for food security and gender.45 The budget request also
incorporates climate-related priorities into independent agency requests, such as those for the incorporates climate-related priorities into independent agency requests, such as those for the
Peace Corps, Millennium Challenge Corporation, and the U.S. African Development Foundation. Peace Corps, Millennium Challenge Corporation, and the U.S. African Development Foundation.
House Legislation. The House bill, H.R. 4373, provides funds for both multilateral and bilateral The House bill, H.R. 4373, provides funds for both multilateral and bilateral
efforts to combat climate change. The bill includes $1.6 billion for the Green Climate Fund and efforts to combat climate change. The bill includes $1.6 billion for the Green Climate Fund and
$200 million for the Clean Technology Fund. The report designates additional funds for climate $200 million for the Clean Technology Fund. The report designates additional funds for climate
efforts and directs agencies to incorporate climate into foreign assistance activities. For example, efforts and directs agencies to incorporate climate into foreign assistance activities. For example,
climate change is listed as a key issue in a number of regions, including the Indo-Pacific, Central climate change is listed as a key issue in a number of regions, including the Indo-Pacific, Central
America, and sub-Saharan Africa. The committee further directs that funds be made available for America, and sub-Saharan Africa. The committee further directs that funds be made available for
“climate change integration at the activity level at USAID, especially to increase the technical “climate change integration at the activity level at USAID, especially to increase the technical
expertise of USAID staff related to climate change mitigation and adaptation.” expertise of USAID staff related to climate change mitigation and adaptation.”
COVID-19
The FY2022 request proposes funds to address the first-order effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, The FY2022 request proposes funds to address the first-order effects of the COVID-19 pandemic,
including global health and humanitarian needs; second- and third-order effects, such as food including global health and humanitarian needs; second- and third-order effects, such as food
security, education, and economic challenges; and long-term pandemic preparedness efforts. The security, education, and economic challenges; and long-term pandemic preparedness efforts. The
proposed investments for COVID-19 response include, among others, proposed investments for COVID-19 response include, among others,
 $995 million for Global Health Security to “enhance the global COVID response  $995 million for Global Health Security to “enhance the global COVID response
and strengthen global health security”;46 and strengthen global health security”;46
 humanitarian assistance funds through the International Disaster Assistance  humanitarian assistance funds through the International Disaster Assistance
(IDA) and Migration and Refugee Assistance (MRA) accounts to aid the most (IDA) and Migration and Refugee Assistance (MRA) accounts to aid the most

44 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022, p. 80. 44 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022, p. 80.
45 Ibid. 45 Ibid.
46 Ibid., p. 77. 46 Ibid., p. 77.
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vulnerable populations and maintain “global response capacity” in the wake of vulnerable populations and maintain “global response capacity” in the wake of
COVID-19;47 COVID-19;47
 Development Assistance (DA) education funds to “address the global learning  Development Assistance (DA) education funds to “address the global learning
crisis and respond to the impact of COVID-19 on education”;48 and crisis and respond to the impact of COVID-19 on education”;48 and
 Economic Support Fund (ESF) monies to help regions recover from the  Economic Support Fund (ESF) monies to help regions recover from the
economic effects of COVID-19.49 economic effects of COVID-19.49
House Legislation. The report accompanying the House measure (H.Rept. 117-84) notes that the The report accompanying the House measure (H.Rept. 117-84) notes that the
bill bill
makes a strong commitment to a global health architecture where every country has the makes a strong commitment to a global health architecture where every country has the
systems and policies to proactively respond to, and mitigate, emerging health threats ... systems and policies to proactively respond to, and mitigate, emerging health threats ...
[and] provides a renewed commitment to development and the economic security of [and] provides a renewed commitment to development and the economic security of
countries seeking to recover from the ravages of the pandemic including closed schools, countries seeking to recover from the ravages of the pandemic including closed schools,
lost livelihoods, and rising levels of gender-based violence and discrimination. lost livelihoods, and rising levels of gender-based violence and discrimination.
The measure and accompanying report provide $1 billion for Global Health Security; direct the The measure and accompanying report provide $1 billion for Global Health Security; direct the
USAID Administrator to address learning loss due to COVID-19, including through expanding USAID Administrator to address learning loss due to COVID-19, including through expanding
access to distance learning materials and technology; and recommend that USAID design access to distance learning materials and technology; and recommend that USAID design
COVID-19-sensitive water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) programs, among other provisions. COVID-19-sensitive water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) programs, among other provisions.
Rising Authoritarianism
The Biden Administration’s budget proposes funds to address rising authoritarianism and The Biden Administration’s budget proposes funds to address rising authoritarianism and
democratic backsliding, including in the context of COVID-19. A proposed $100 million for democratic backsliding, including in the context of COVID-19. A proposed $100 million for
USAID’s Bureau for Democracy, Development, and Innovation (DDI)—which is level when USAID’s Bureau for Democracy, Development, and Innovation (DDI)—which is level when
compared to the FY2021 appropriation—“elevates anti-corruption, human rights, and countering compared to the FY2021 appropriation—“elevates anti-corruption, human rights, and countering
authoritarianism as strategic and programmatic priorities.”50 The Administration also includes authoritarianism as strategic and programmatic priorities.”50 The Administration also includes
these priorities in some of its regional requests. The Assistance to Europe, Eurasia, and Central these priorities in some of its regional requests. The Assistance to Europe, Eurasia, and Central
Asia proposal for Europe and Eurasia, for example, is “focused on defending democracy, rule of Asia proposal for Europe and Eurasia, for example, is “focused on defending democracy, rule of
law, advancing human rights and gender equality, fighting corruption, and countering law, advancing human rights and gender equality, fighting corruption, and countering
authoritarianism.”51 authoritarianism.”51
House Legislation. The House report accompanying H.R. 4373 asserts its support for the The House report accompanying H.R. 4373 asserts its support for the
Administration’s “commitment to strengthening and preserving democracies worldwide.” It Administration’s “commitment to strengthening and preserving democracies worldwide.” It
provides funds for the Democracy Fund at the level the Administration requested—which would provides funds for the Democracy Fund at the level the Administration requested—which would
be even with the FY2021-enacted level—and provides additional funds for multilateral efforts, be even with the FY2021-enacted level—and provides additional funds for multilateral efforts,
such as $4.5 million for the Organization of American States (OAS) Fund for Strengthening such as $4.5 million for the Organization of American States (OAS) Fund for Strengthening
Democracy and $3.5 million for the U.N. Democracy Fund. Democracy and $3.5 million for the U.N. Democracy Fund.

47 Ibid., pp. 84 and 95. 47 Ibid., pp. 84 and 95.
48 Ibid., p. 81. 48 Ibid., p. 81.
49 Ibid., pp. 87-88. 49 Ibid., pp. 87-88.
50 Ibid., p. 91. 50 Ibid., p. 91.
51 Ibid., p. 92. 51 Ibid., p. 92.
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Foreign Operations Sectors
Global Health Programs (GHP)52
Most of the global health funding in the USAID and the Department of State budgets is used for Most of the global health funding in the USAID and the Department of State budgets is used for
the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and infectious disease control the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and infectious disease control
(se(see Table 7).53 The Biden Administration requested $10.05 billion in total for global health .53 The Biden Administration requested $10.05 billion in total for global health
programs in FY2022, a nearly 24% decrease from total FY2021 Global Health Programs account programs in FY2022, a nearly 24% decrease from total FY2021 Global Health Programs account
funding but a 9% increase when FY2021 emergency funds are excluded. Funding for global funding but a 9% increase when FY2021 emergency funds are excluded. Funding for global
health security programs would increase by $825 million, or more than 429%, from FY2021 health security programs would increase by $825 million, or more than 429%, from FY2021
enacted nonemergency funding, which appears to reflect the Administration’s interest in enacted nonemergency funding, which appears to reflect the Administration’s interest in
pandemic preparedness efforts in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.54 The Biden Administration pandemic preparedness efforts in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.54 The Biden Administration
announced in January 2021 that it would reengage with WHO, and included “the repayment of announced in January 2021 that it would reengage with WHO, and included “the repayment of
arrears” to WHO in the President’s FY2022 discretionary funding request summary.55 These arrears” to WHO in the President’s FY2022 discretionary funding request summary.55 These
actions would reverse the Trump Administration’s decision to halt U.S. funding to the WHO and actions would reverse the Trump Administration’s decision to halt U.S. funding to the WHO and
“terminate” the U.S. relationship with the organization.56 “terminate” the U.S. relationship with the organization.56
The Biden Administration also The Biden Administration also
 reversed the Mexico City Policy which, when invoked by previous presidents,  reversed the Mexico City Policy which, when invoked by previous presidents,
required nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) receiving U.S. foreign required nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) receiving U.S. foreign
assistance for family planning programs to certify that they would not promote or assistance for family planning programs to certify that they would not promote or
perform abortion as a method of family planning, even with non-U.S. funds; and perform abortion as a method of family planning, even with non-U.S. funds; and
 revoked the Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance policy, which expanded  revoked the Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance policy, which expanded
the Mexico City Policy on family planning and reproductive health (FP/RH) the Mexico City Policy on family planning and reproductive health (FP/RH)
funding to include all U.S. global health assistance.57 funding to include all U.S. global health assistance.57
Additionally, the FY2022 budget request seeks funding increases for FP/RH programs (+$26 Additionally, the FY2022 budget request seeks funding increases for FP/RH programs (+$26
million), as well as for maternal and child health (+$24.5 million).58 million), as well as for maternal and child health (+$24.5 million).58
Table 7. Global Health Appropriations, ~~FY2017~~FY2018-FY2022
(In millions of current U.S. dollars) (In millions of current U.S. dollars)
FY2018
FY2019
FY2020
FY2021
FY2022
FY2022

Enacted
Enacted
Enacted
Enacted
Request
House
HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS
4,320.0 4,320.0
4,370.0 4,370.0
4,370.0 4,370.0
4,370.0 4,370.0
4,370.0 4,370.0
4,520.0 4,520.0
Global Fund Global Fund
1,350.0 1,350.0
1,350.0 1,350.0
1,560.0 1,560.0
1,560.0 1,560.0
1,560.0 1,560.0
1,560.0 1,560.0

52 Prepared by Sara Tharakan, Analyst in Global Health and International Development, and Tiaji Salaam-Blyther, 52 Prepared by Sara Tharakan, Analyst in Global Health and International Development, and Tiaji Salaam-Blyther,
Specialist in Global Health. Specialist in Global Health.
53 For more information, see CRS In Focus IF11758, 53 For more information, see CRS In Focus IF11758, U.S. Global Health Funding: FY2017-FY2022 Request, by Tiaji , by Tiaji
Salaam-Blyther. Congress also appropriates global health funding to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Salaam-Blyther. Congress also appropriates global health funding to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
all of which is focused on infectious disease prevention and control. all of which is focused on infectious disease prevention and control.
54 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022. 54 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022.
55 White House, 55 White House, The President’s FY2022 Discretionary Budget Request, April 9, 2021, p. 26. April 9, 2021, p. 26.
56 For more on the Trump Administration’s decisions regarding WHO, as well as the withdrawal process, see CRS 56 For more on the Trump Administration’s decisions regarding WHO, as well as the withdrawal process, see CRS
Report R46575, Report R46575, U.S. Withdrawal from the World Health Organization: Process and Implications, coordinated by Tiaji , coordinated by Tiaji
Salaam-Blyther. Salaam-Blyther.
57 For more information on the MCP see CRS Report R41360, 57 For more information on the MCP see CRS Report R41360, Abortion and Family Planning-Related Provisions in
U.S. Foreign Assistance Law and Policy, by Luisa Blanchfield. , by Luisa Blanchfield.
58 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022. 58 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022.
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FY2018
FY2019
FY2020
FY2021
FY2022
FY2022

Enacted
Enacted
Enacted
Enacted
Request
House
Total, State-GHP Total, State-GHP
5,670.0 5,670.0
5,720.0 5,720.0
5,930.0 5,930.0
5,930.0 5,930.0
5,930.0 5,930.0
6,080.0 6,080.0
HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS
330.0 330.0
330.0 330.0
330.0 330.0
330.0 330.0
330.0 330.0
330.0 330.0
Tuberculosis Tuberculosis
261.0 261.0
302.0 302.0
310.0 310.0
319.0 319.0
319.0 319.0
469.0 469.0
Malaria Malaria
755.0 755.0
755.0 755.0
770.0 770.0
770.0 770.0
770.0 770.0
820.0 820.0
MCH MCH
829.5 829.5
835.0 835.0
851.0 851.0
855.0 855.0
879.5 879.5
880.0 880.0
Nutrition Nutrition
125.0 125.0
145.0 145.0
150.0 150.0
150.0 150.0
150.0 150.0
160.0 160.0
Vulnerable Children Vulnerable Children
23.0 23.0
24.0 24.0
25.0 25.0
25.0 25.0
25.0 25.0
30.0 30.0
FP/RH FP/RH
524.0 524.0
524.0 524.0
524.0 524.0
524.0 524.0
550.0 550.0
760.0 760.0
NTDs NTDs
100.0 100.0
102.5 102.5
102.5 102.5
102.5 102.5
102.5 102.5
112.5 112.5
GHS GHS
72.5 72.5
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
190.0 190.0
995.0 995.0
1,000.0 1,000.0
Total, USAID-GHP Total, USAID-GHP
3,020.0 3,020.0
3,117.5 3,117.5
3,162.5 3,162.5
3,265.5 3,265.5
4,121.0 4,121.0
4,561.5 4,561.5
Emergency GHP Emergency GHP

4,000.0 4,000.0

Total, GHP Total, GHP
8,690.0 8,690.0
8,837.5 8,837.5
9,092.5 9,092.5
13,195.5 13,195.5
10,051.0 10,051.0
10,641.5 10,641.5
Sources: Created by Tiaji Salaam-Blyther, Specialist in Global Health, from appropriations legislation and Created by Tiaji Salaam-Blyther, Specialist in Global Health, from appropriations legislation and
engagement with USAID legislative affairs staff. engagement with USAID legislative affairs staff.
Notes: FY2021 emergency supplemental funding to combat COVID-19 abroad was enacted in Title IX of P.L. FY2021 emergency supplemental funding to combat COVID-19 abroad was enacted in Title IX of P.L.
116-260, but subaccount allocations were not specified. Table does not include funding for global health from 116-260, but subaccount allocations were not specified. Table does not include funding for global health from
other appropriations vehicles (e.g., CDC funding for global health activities appropriated through Labor-HHS). other appropriations vehicles (e.g., CDC funding for global health activities appropriated through Labor-HHS).
MCH = Maternal and Child Health; FP/RH = Family Planning and Reproductive Health; NTDs = Neglected MCH = Maternal and Child Health; FP/RH = Family Planning and Reproductive Health; NTDs = Neglected
Tropical Diseases; GHS = Global Health Security. Tropical Diseases; GHS = Global Health Security.
The House measure, H.R. 4373, provides $10.6 billion in global health funding for FY2022. The The House measure, H.R. 4373, provides $10.6 billion in global health funding for FY2022. The
bill provides level or increased funding for each global health subaccount when compared with bill provides level or increased funding for each global health subaccount when compared with
the Biden Administration’s request. Compared with the Administration’s request, the bill provides the Biden Administration’s request. Compared with the Administration’s request, the bill provides
the largest increase (in dollar amount) to Family Planning/Reproductive Health and places a the largest increase (in dollar amount) to Family Planning/Reproductive Health and places a
particular emphasis on global health security and health systems strengthening. particular emphasis on global health security and health systems strengthening.
Humanitarian Assistance59
The U.S. government supports global efforts to assist people affected by conflict and natural The U.S. government supports global efforts to assist people affected by conflict and natural
disasters, consistently providing about one-third of total global humanitarian assistance. Such disasters, consistently providing about one-third of total global humanitarian assistance. Such
assistance is generally appropriated through global humanitarian accounts administered through assistance is generally appropriated through global humanitarian accounts administered through
the State Department and USAID, including the Migration and Refugee Assistance (MRA), the State Department and USAID, including the Migration and Refugee Assistance (MRA),
Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance (ERMA), and International Disaster Assistance Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance (ERMA), and International Disaster Assistance
(IDA) accounts in the SFOPS appropriation, and the Food for Peace, Title II account (FFP) in the (IDA) accounts in the SFOPS appropriation, and the Food for Peace, Title II account (FFP) in the
Agriculture appropriation. Continuing a long-standing trend across Administrations, Congress has Agriculture appropriation. Continuing a long-standing trend across Administrations, Congress has
supported global humanitarian efforts at appropriation levels well above the budget request (see supported global humanitarian efforts at appropriation levels well above the budget request (see
Figure 3). .
Experts agree that the scope of global humanitarian and displacement crises has significantly Experts agree that the scope of global humanitarian and displacement crises has significantly
worsened in recent years,60 and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic continues to exacerbate drivers worsened in recent years,60 and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic continues to exacerbate drivers

59 Prepared by Rhoda Margesson, Specialist in International Humanitarian Policy. 59 Prepared by Rhoda Margesson, Specialist in International Humanitarian Policy.
60 The United Nations reported that, worldwide, more than 235 million people required humanitarian assistance and protection and 60 The United Nations reported that, worldwide, more than 235 million people required humanitarian assistance and protection and
nearly 82.4 million persons were forcibly displaced, the highest number on record. In addition, natural disasters and deepening nearly 82.4 million persons were forcibly displaced, the highest number on record. In addition, natural disasters and deepening
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of humanitarian need. The U.N. 2021 global humanitarian appeal for $36.1 billion is the highest of humanitarian need. The U.N. 2021 global humanitarian appeal for $36.1 billion is the highest
ever. Enacted FY2021 U.S. humanitarian funding to date totals $11.467 billion, which is also a ever. Enacted FY2021 U.S. humanitarian funding to date totals $11.467 billion, which is also a
record high. This total includes emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-31 (comprising record high. This total includes emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-31 (comprising
$500 million for ERMA and $100 million for MRA to address humanitarian needs in Afghanistan $500 million for ERMA and $100 million for MRA to address humanitarian needs in Afghanistan
and to assist Afghan refugees) and at least $800 million in FFP funds and $500 million in MRA and to assist Afghan refugees) and at least $800 million in FFP funds and $500 million in MRA
funds provided for a broad range of needs through the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA, P.L. funds provided for a broad range of needs through the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA, P.L.
117-2).61 117-2).61

environmental vulnerability due to climate change affect millions of people every year. U.N. Office for the Coordination of environmental vulnerability due to climate change affect millions of people every year. U.N. Office for the Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs, Humanitarian Affairs, Global Humanitarian Overview 2021, December 2020 and May 31, 2021 update. U.N. High Commissioner for , December 2020 and May 31, 2021 update. U.N. High Commissioner for
Refugees, Refugees, Global Trends Report, June 18, 2021 (latest available). , June 18, 2021 (latest available).
61 Section 10003 of ARPA also included $3.09 billion under the Economic Support Fund authority “to be made 61 Section 10003 of ARPA also included $3.09 billion under the Economic Support Fund authority “to be made
available to the United States Agency for International Development to prevent, prepare for, and respond to available to the United States Agency for International Development to prevent, prepare for, and respond to
coronavirus, which shall include support for international disaster relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction, for coronavirus, which shall include support for international disaster relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction, for
health activities, and to meet emergency food security needs.” It is unclear if any of these funds will be channeled health activities, and to meet emergency food security needs.” It is unclear if any of these funds will be channeled
through the humanitarian accounts. through the humanitarian accounts.
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The Biden Administration’s budget request The Biden Administration’s budget request
for FY2022 calls for $10.1 billion in for FY2022 calls for $10.1 billion in
Figure 3. U.S. Humanitarian Assistance, by
humanitarian assistance to support displaced humanitarian assistance to support displaced
Account (FY2014-FY2022 Req.)
and vulnerable persons worldwide, or about and vulnerable persons worldwide, or about
12% below the FY2021-enacted total. The 12% below the FY2021-enacted total. The
request includes $3.8 billion for MRA, $100 request includes $3.8 billion for MRA, $100
million for ERMA, $4.7 billion for IDA, and million for ERMA, $4.7 billion for IDA, and
$1.6 billion for FFP. It would shift $170.0 $1.6 billion for FFP. It would shift $170.0
million from FFP to IDA’s Emergency Food million from FFP to IDA’s Emergency Food
Security Program in a stated effort to increase Security Program in a stated effort to increase
flexibility in addressing urgent and growing flexibility in addressing urgent and growing
food insecurity. food insecurity.
House Legislation. The House measure, H.R. The House measure, H.R.
4373, would provide $8.5 billion in 4373, would provide $8.5 billion in
humanitarian funding through the MRA, humanitarian funding through the MRA,
ERMA, and IDA accounts. The House ERMA, and IDA accounts. The House
Agriculture appropriations bill, H.R. 4356, Agriculture appropriations bill, H.R. 4356,
would provide $1.7 billion in FFP funding, would provide $1.7 billion in FFP funding,
bringing the total for humanitarian assistance bringing the total for humanitarian assistance
to nearly $10.3 billion for FY2022, which to nearly $10.3 billion for FY2022, which
represents an increase of close to 2% over the represents an increase of close to 2% over the
Administration’s request. Administration’s request.

Sources: Annual SFOPS CBJs and Omnibus Funding Annual SFOPS CBJs and Omnibus Funding
Legislation. Legislation.
Notes: MRA = Migration and Refugee Assistance, MRA = Migration and Refugee Assistance,
ERMA = Emergency Refugee and Migration ERMA = Emergency Refugee and Migration
Assistance, IDA = International Disaster Assistance, Assistance, IDA = International Disaster Assistance,
IHA = International Humanitarian Assistance, FFP = IHA = International Humanitarian Assistance, FFP =
Food for Peace. FY2020 enacted funding includes Food for Peace. FY2020 enacted funding includes
supplemental COVID-19 relief appropriations. supplemental COVID-19 relief appropriations.
FY2021-enacted funding includes emergency FY2021-enacted funding includes emergency
supplemental funds from P.L. 117-31 and ARPA. supplemental funds from P.L. 117-31 and ARPA.
Figure produced with Edward Col ins-Chase, Analyst Figure produced with Edward Col ins-Chase, Analyst
in Foreign Policy. in Foreign Policy.
*IHA account proposed under the Trump *IHA account proposed under the Trump
Administration. Congress did not enact the proposed Administration. Congress did not enact the proposed
funding reductions or changes to humanitarian funding reductions or changes to humanitarian
accounts. accounts.
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Security Assistance
The Biden Administration request includes The Biden Administration request includes
nearly $9.2 billion in security assistance, a nearly $9.2 billion in security assistance, a
Figure 4. Security Assistance by Account,
2% increase when compared with FY2021 2% increase when compared with FY2021
FY2021 Enact.-FY2022 Req.
enacted levels (see enacted levels (see Figure 4). As in past . As in past
(In billions of current U.S. dollars) (In billions of current U.S. dollars)
years, Foreign Military Financing (FMF) years, Foreign Military Financing (FMF)
accounts for the largest share of security accounts for the largest share of security
assistance funding. The largest proposed assistance funding. The largest proposed
increase is to the International Narcotics increase is to the International Narcotics
Control and Law Enforcement (INCLE) Control and Law Enforcement (INCLE)
account. The Administration asserts that the account. The Administration asserts that the
10% proposed increase in INCLE would 10% proposed increase in INCLE would
largely help address the crime and violence largely help address the crime and violence
that contribute to irregular migration to the that contribute to irregular migration to the
United States, particularly from Central United States, particularly from Central
America. According to the request, $570 America. According to the request, $570
million, or 37% of proposed INCLE funding, million, or 37% of proposed INCLE funding,
would be allocated to these efforts in Central would be allocated to these efforts in Central
America. Other security assistance priorities America. Other security assistance priorities
identified in the request include countering identified in the request include countering
terrorist threats, including those posed by the terrorist threats, including those posed by the
Islamic State (IS) and Al Qaeda; supporting Islamic State (IS) and Al Qaeda; supporting
implementation of the Global Fragility Act of implementation of the Global Fragility Act of

2019 (Div. J, Title V of P.L. 116-94); 2019 (Div. J, Title V of P.L. 116-94);
Sources: FY2022 SFOPS CBJ; P.L. 116-260. FY2022 SFOPS CBJ; P.L. 116-260.
countering malign influences of China, countering malign influences of China,
Notes: FMF = Foreign Military Financing; IMET = FMF = Foreign Military Financing; IMET =
Russia, and Iran; and bolstering regional Russia, and Iran; and bolstering regional
International Military Education and Training; INCLE International Military Education and Training; INCLE
stability in the Middle East, including through stability in the Middle East, including through
= International Narcotics Control and Law = International Narcotics Control and Law
Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) support for Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) support for
Enforcement; NADR = Nonproliferation, Anti- Enforcement; NADR = Nonproliferation, Anti-
terrorism, Demining and Related Programs; PKO = terrorism, Demining and Related Programs; PKO =
the Multinational Force and Observers the Multinational Force and Observers
Peacekeeping Operations. Peacekeeping Operations.
mission in the Sinai. mission in the Sinai.
House Legislation. H.R. 4373 would provide $9.0 billion in security assistance, representing a H.R. 4373 would provide $9.0 billion in security assistance, representing a
less than 1% increase from FY2021-enacted levels and a nearly 2% decrease from the less than 1% increase from FY2021-enacted levels and a nearly 2% decrease from the
Administration’s request. Administration’s request.
Development Assistance, Export Promotion, and Related Assistance
The remaining third of the FY2022 foreign operations request proposed to allocate funds to The remaining third of the FY2022 foreign operations request proposed to allocate funds to
nonhealth development sectors, independent agencies, multilateral assistance, and export nonhealth development sectors, independent agencies, multilateral assistance, and export
promotion agencies. promotion agencies.
Development Sectors
The Biden Administration’s request for FY2022 does not provide dollar amounts for many The Biden Administration’s request for FY2022 does not provide dollar amounts for many
nonhealth development sectors but offers detail on program priorities within some sectors. For nonhealth development sectors but offers detail on program priorities within some sectors. For
example, the Administration highlights investments in gender equality and equity, including $200 example, the Administration highlights investments in gender equality and equity, including $200
million in proposed funds for the Gender Equity and Equality Action Fund, which the Biden million in proposed funds for the Gender Equity and Equality Action Fund, which the Biden
Administration named as the successor to the Trump Administration’s Women’s Global Administration named as the successor to the Trump Administration’s Women’s Global
Development and Prosperity (W-GDP) Fund. Other key program areas include climate change Development and Prosperity (W-GDP) Fund. Other key program areas include climate change
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and the environment, democracy and governance to aid in the Administration’s goal of countering and the environment, democracy and governance to aid in the Administration’s goal of countering
rising global authoritarianism, and food security—in particular the Feed the Future Initiative. rising global authoritarianism, and food security—in particular the Feed the Future Initiative.
House Legislation. When compared with FY2021-enacted levels, the House measure (H.R. When compared with FY2021-enacted levels, the House measure (H.R.
4373) provides level or increased funding for most nonhealth development sectors in FY2022 4373) provides level or increased funding for most nonhealth development sectors in FY2022
(se(see Table 8). The education sector would see a decrease of $35 million (3%) when compared . The education sector would see a decrease of $35 million (3%) when compared
with the FY2021-enacted level. The largest increase is to environmental programs, which would with the FY2021-enacted level. The largest increase is to environmental programs, which would
see an increase of $303.5 million (31%) over prior year appropriations. see an increase of $303.5 million (31%) over prior year appropriations.
Table 8. Select Development Sectors, FY2020-FY2022
(In millions of current U.S. dollars) (In millions of current U.S. dollars)
Sector
FY2020 Enacted
FY2021 Enacted
FY2022 House
Democracy Programs (excluding NED) Democracy Programs (excluding NED)
2,400.0 2,400.0
2,417.0 2,417.0
2,517.0 2,517.0
Education (basic and higher) Education (basic and higher)
1,110.0 1,110.0
1,235.0 1,235.0
1,200.0 1,200.0
Food Security Food Security
1,005.6 1,005.6
1,010.6 1,010.6
1,100.0 1,100.0
Environment Environment
906.7 906.7
986.7 986.7
1,290.2 1,290.2
Water and Sanitation Water and Sanitation
450.0 450.0
450.0 450.0
475.0 475.0
Gender Gender
330.0 330.0
560.0 560.0
617.0 617.0
Trafficking in Persons Trafficking in Persons
67.0 67.0
99.0 99.0
106.4 106.4
Reconciliation Programs Reconciliation Programs
30.0 30.0
25.0 25.0
25.0 25.0
Micro and Small Enterprise Micro and Small Enterprise
265.0 265.0
265.0 265.0
265.0 265.0
Sources: P.L. 116-94; P.L. 116-260;P.L. 116-94; P.L. 116-260; H.R. 4373H.R. 4373.
Notes: NED = National Endowment for Democracy. NED = National Endowment for Democracy.
Independent Agencies
The Administration’s request for FY2022 would maintain level funding for the Peace Corps, The Administration’s request for FY2022 would maintain level funding for the Peace Corps,
Inter-American Foundation (IAF), U.S. African Development Foundation (USADF), and the Inter-American Foundation (IAF), U.S. African Development Foundation (USADF), and the
Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) when compared with FY2021-enacted levels. The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) when compared with FY2021-enacted levels. The
House measure, H.R. 4373, provides increases to the Peace Corps (5%), IAF (17%), and USADF House measure, H.R. 4373, provides increases to the Peace Corps (5%), IAF (17%), and USADF
(30%), and maintains level funding for MCC for FY2022 when compared with FY2021-enacted (30%), and maintains level funding for MCC for FY2022 when compared with FY2021-enacted
levels. levels.
Multilateral Assistance
As part of its stated efforts to strengthen U.S. multilateral engagement, the Administration’s As part of its stated efforts to strengthen U.S. multilateral engagement, the Administration’s
budget request includes increases to multilateral assistance for FY2022 when compared with total budget request includes increases to multilateral assistance for FY2022 when compared with total
enacted funding for FY2021. The largest proposed increase is to the International Development enacted funding for FY2021. The largest proposed increase is to the International Development
Association, a World Bank agency that provides grants and loans to the world’s least developed Association, a World Bank agency that provides grants and loans to the world’s least developed
countries; it would see a nearly 43% increase over the FY2021-enacted level. As stated above, the countries; it would see a nearly 43% increase over the FY2021-enacted level. As stated above, the
request also proposes funds for climate efforts including the Green Climate Fund (see request also proposes funds for climate efforts including the Green Climate Fund (see “Climate
Change”). .
House Legislation. H.R. 4373 provides a total of $4.1 billion for multilateral assistance accounts H.R. 4373 provides a total of $4.1 billion for multilateral assistance accounts
in FY2022. This represents a 13% increase from the Biden Administration’s request. The House in FY2022. This represents a 13% increase from the Biden Administration’s request. The House
measure emphasizes the Green Climate Fund, providing $1.6 billion for FY2022, a 156% measure emphasizes the Green Climate Fund, providing $1.6 billion for FY2022, a 156%
increase from the Administration’s proposed $625 million. The House bill does not increase increase from the Administration’s proposed $625 million. The House bill does not increase
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funding for the International Development Association, instead appropriating level funding when funding for the International Development Association, instead appropriating level funding when
compared to FY2021. compared to FY2021.
Export Promotion
For FY2022, the Administration proposes increases to the Export-Import (Ex-Im) Bank and the For FY2022, the Administration proposes increases to the Export-Import (Ex-Im) Bank and the
U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC) operating accounts to support agency U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC) operating accounts to support agency
priorities such as climate change response, clean energy, and sustainable infrastructure. In both priorities such as climate change response, clean energy, and sustainable infrastructure. In both
instances, the Administration asserts that offsetting collections would reduce the agencies’ budget instances, the Administration asserts that offsetting collections would reduce the agencies’ budget
burden. The Administration stated its expectation that the Ex-Im Bank, as in previous fiscal years, burden. The Administration stated its expectation that the Ex-Im Bank, as in previous fiscal years,
would return funds to the Treasury at the end of the fiscal year. Similarly, while the would return funds to the Treasury at the end of the fiscal year. Similarly, while the
Administration stated that it does not expect the DFC to be entirely budget neutral, it asserts that Administration stated that it does not expect the DFC to be entirely budget neutral, it asserts that
collections would reduce the agency’s budget burden to $128.4 million with an estimated $472.4 collections would reduce the agency’s budget burden to $128.4 million with an estimated $472.4
million in offsetting collections. million in offsetting collections.
House Legislation. H.R. 4373 largely meets the Administration’s proposal for funding for the H.R. 4373 largely meets the Administration’s proposal for funding for the
Ex-Im Bank and DFC. An exception is the Ex-Im Bank’s program budget, which would see a Ex-Im Bank and DFC. An exception is the Ex-Im Bank’s program budget, which would see a
decrease of $5 million (50%) from the Administration’s proposal. The House legislation provides decrease of $5 million (50%) from the Administration’s proposal. The House legislation provides
increased funding for Ex-Im Bank and DFC when compared with the FY2021-enacted levels. increased funding for Ex-Im Bank and DFC when compared with the FY2021-enacted levels.
Regional Assistance
Similar to previous Administrations, the Biden Administration does not propose regional funding Similar to previous Administrations, the Biden Administration does not propose regional funding
that captures all appropriations accounts. For example, humanitarian funding is proposed and that captures all appropriations accounts. For example, humanitarian funding is proposed and
provided for in what are often referred to as “global” accounts, wherein funding is allocated on a provided for in what are often referred to as “global” accounts, wherein funding is allocated on a
needs basis throughout the fiscal year for which it is appropriated. As such, the entirety of foreign needs basis throughout the fiscal year for which it is appropriated. As such, the entirety of foreign
assistance funding for a particular country or region is only fully assessed after the close of a assistance funding for a particular country or region is only fully assessed after the close of a
fiscal year. fiscal year.
However, the Administration does propose regional funding for certain accounts. These include However, the Administration does propose regional funding for certain accounts. These include
Global Health Programs (GHP); DA; ESF; Assistance to Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia Global Health Programs (GHP); DA; ESF; Assistance to Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia
(AEECA); and all five security assistance accounts. For FY2022, the Administration proposes (AEECA); and all five security assistance accounts. For FY2022, the Administration proposes
increases in all regions with the exception of Europe and Eurasia, which would see a nearly 4% increases in all regions with the exception of Europe and Eurasia, which would see a nearly 4%
decrease in funding when compared with FY2020 actual levels (sedecrease in funding when compared with FY2020 actual levels (see Figure 5).62 The greatest 62 The greatest
proposed increase is for funding to the Western Hemisphere, largely to help the region address the proposed increase is for funding to the Western Hemisphere, largely to help the region address the
root causes of migration to the United States. root causes of migration to the United States.

62 FY2020 actuals are used as a comparison because comprehensive country- and regional-specific levels are not 62 FY2020 actuals are used as a comparison because comprehensive country- and regional-specific levels are not
provided in annual appropriations measures. FY2021total funding levels for most countries have not been reported. provided in annual appropriations measures. FY2021total funding levels for most countries have not been reported.
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Figure 5. Regional Assistance, FY2020 vs. FY2022 Request

Sources: FY2022 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; CRS calculations for FY2020. FY2022 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; CRS calculations for FY2020.
Notes: FY2020 is the most recent “actual” data available. Accounts included = GHP, DA, ESF, AEECA, INCLE, FY2020 is the most recent “actual” data available. Accounts included = GHP, DA, ESF, AEECA, INCLE,
NADR, PKO, IMET, and FMF. FY2020 Actual includes COVID-19 emergency funds. NADR, PKO, IMET, and FMF. FY2020 Actual includes COVID-19 emergency funds.
House Legislation. The House legislation and accompanying report do not provide The House legislation and accompanying report do not provide
comprehensive regional allocations, but do specify assistance levels for several countries and comprehensive regional allocations, but do specify assistance levels for several countries and
regions. For example, the measure directs that up to $860.6 million may be made available for regions. For example, the measure directs that up to $860.6 million may be made available for
assistance to Central American countries.63 The legislation also directs that not less than $3.3 assistance to Central American countries.63 The legislation also directs that not less than $3.3
billion be made available for Israel, not less than $1.4 billion be made available for Egypt, not billion be made available for Israel, not less than $1.4 billion be made available for Egypt, not
less than $481.5 million be made available for assistance for Ukraine, and not less than $132.0 less than $481.5 million be made available for assistance for Ukraine, and not less than $132.0
million be made available for assistance for Georgia, among other designations. million be made available for assistance for Georgia, among other designations.
Outlook
With FY2022 underway, and foreign affairs agencies operating under a continuing resolution, With FY2022 underway, and foreign affairs agencies operating under a continuing resolution,
comprehensive SFOPS appropriations for FY2022 may be enacted without further SFOPS comprehensive SFOPS appropriations for FY2022 may be enacted without further SFOPS
committee action. As Congress continues work to finalize international affairs funding for committee action. As Congress continues work to finalize international affairs funding for
FY2022, several issues have emerged that may affect SFOPS appropriations in the current fiscal FY2022, several issues have emerged that may affect SFOPS appropriations in the current fiscal
year and beyond. These include the following: year and beyond. These include the following:
Ukraine. The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, as Congress was negotiating an omnibus appropriations agreement for FY2022, may affect SFOPS funding levels in several areas. The Administration has reportedly asked Congress for $2.9 billion through SFOPS accounts to provide security assistance to Ukraine and neighboring allies, fend off Russian cyberattacks, provide humanitarian assistance, counter disinformation, and assist with economic stabilization.64 Congress may consider such funding as part of the omnibus appropriations bill or in separate emergency funding legislation. 63 Including Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. Funds may also be programmed through the Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI). 64 “White House Asks Congress for Extra $6.4 billion to Help Ukraine,” Connor O’Brien, Jennifer Scholtes, and Andrew Desiderio, Politico, February 25, 2022, at https://www.politico.com/news/2022/02/25/white-house-congress- Congressional Research Service 21 Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs U.S. Diplomatic Presence in Afghanistan. The withdrawal of U.S. military and diplomatic The withdrawal of U.S. military and diplomatic
personnel from Afghanistan in August 2021 occurred after the State Department submitted its personnel from Afghanistan in August 2021 occurred after the State Department submitted its
FY2022 budget request to Congress and the House of Representatives passed its SFOPS bill. For FY2022 budget request to Congress and the House of Representatives passed its SFOPS bill. For
FY2022, the Biden Administration requested approximately $579.6 million for diplomatic FY2022, the Biden Administration requested approximately $579.6 million for diplomatic
security-related priorities in Afghanistan, including the deployment of weaponry on new Embassy security-related priorities in Afghanistan, including the deployment of weaponry on new Embassy
Air helicopters and armored vehicle replacements.Air helicopters and armored vehicle replacements.6465 The Administration also requested an The Administration also requested an
additional $70.8 million for diplomatic programs in Afghanistan, including mission staffing and additional $70.8 million for diplomatic programs in Afghanistan, including mission staffing and
operations, along with information technology costs.operations, along with information technology costs.6566 However, the United States no longer ~~However, the United States no longer~~

~~63 Including Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. Funds may also be~~
~~programmed through the Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI).~~
~~64 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022 Appendix 1, p. 307.~~
~~65 Ibid., p. 154.~~
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maintains a physical diplomatic presence in Afghanistan, as U.S. diplomacy with Afghanistan is maintains a physical diplomatic presence in Afghanistan, as U.S. diplomacy with Afghanistan is
currently being carried out through the U.S. Embassy in Doha, Qatar. It remains unclear when, or currently being carried out through the U.S. Embassy in Doha, Qatar. It remains unclear when, or
if, the United States will reestablish an official diplomatic presence in Afghanistan and what the if, the United States will reestablish an official diplomatic presence in Afghanistan and what the
funding requirements to sustain such a presence may look like. funding requirements to sustain such a presence may look like.
Foreign Assistance to Afghanistan. The Taliban takeover may also affect foreign operations The Taliban takeover may also affect foreign operations
appropriations for FY2022. Congress designated foreign assistance funds for Afghanistan for appropriations for FY2022. Congress designated foreign assistance funds for Afghanistan for
FY2021, and the Biden Administration had requested funding for the country “at a consistent FY2021, and the Biden Administration had requested funding for the country “at a consistent
level, demonstrating [U.S.] support to the Afghan people and preserving 20 years of gains, level, demonstrating [U.S.] support to the Afghan people and preserving 20 years of gains,
particularly for women, girls, and minority groups.” However, following the Taliban takeover, the particularly for women, girls, and minority groups.” However, following the Taliban takeover, the
U.S. ceased providing any nonhumanitarian foreign assistance. The Biden Administration has not U.S. ceased providing any nonhumanitarian foreign assistance. The Biden Administration has not
signaled whether it will seek to provide foreign assistance to a Taliban-governed Afghanistan. signaled whether it will seek to provide foreign assistance to a Taliban-governed Afghanistan.
Some Members of Congress have stated that they would not support bilateral U.S. assistance to Some Members of Congress have stated that they would not support bilateral U.S. assistance to
Afghanistan under any conditions, while others may support some aid subject to certain criteria. Afghanistan under any conditions, while others may support some aid subject to certain criteria.
As the situation evolves, it remains to be seen how, if at all, foreign assistance could be delivered, As the situation evolves, it remains to be seen how, if at all, foreign assistance could be delivered,
administered, and overseen, and how Congress might evaluate its funding for and conditions on administered, and overseen, and how Congress might evaluate its funding for and conditions on
assistance to the country. assistance to the country.
Impact of COVID-19. While SFOPS appropriations related to the COVID-19 pandemic were While SFOPS appropriations related to the COVID-19 pandemic were
more pronounced in FY2021 than they have been so far in the FY2022 proposals, the pandemic more pronounced in FY2021 than they have been so far in the FY2022 proposals, the pandemic
may have an ongoing impact on the volume and allocation of global health assistance, and foreign may have an ongoing impact on the volume and allocation of global health assistance, and foreign
assistance broadly. The FY2022 request and House bill both significantly increase funding within assistance broadly. The FY2022 request and House bill both significantly increase funding within
the GHP account focused on global health security activities, which comprised a relatively small the GHP account focused on global health security activities, which comprised a relatively small
portion of GHP funding in prior appropriations legislation. As the pandemic continues to evolve portion of GHP funding in prior appropriations legislation. As the pandemic continues to evolve
globally, and the secondary impacts of the pandemic in developing countries are better globally, and the secondary impacts of the pandemic in developing countries are better
understood, the allocation of foreign assistance may change accordingly. understood, the allocation of foreign assistance may change accordingly.

ukraine-aid-00012071; “White House seek $6.4 Billion to Respond to Ukraine Crises,” Erik Wasson, Bloomberg, February 25, 2022, at https://www.bgov.com/core/news/#!/articles/R7VVTBDWRGG0. 65 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022 Appendix 1, p. 307. 66 Ibid., p. 154. Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

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Appendix A. SFOPS Funding, by Account
Table A-1. Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations: FY2020-FY2022
(In millions of U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals designated as OCO or emergency funds) (In millions of U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals designated as OCO or emergency funds)

FY2021 Enacted

%
Change,
%
FY2021
Change,
Non-
FY2021
Emerg.
Total
Enact. vs.
Enact. vs.
FY2022
FY2020
Non-
FY2022
FY2022
FY2022
House-

Actual
Emerg.
Emerg.a
Total
Req.
Req.
Req.
passed
Title I. State, Broadcasting & Related Agencies,
17,642.98 17,642.98
16,840.19 16,840.19
654.00 654.00
17,494.19 17,494.19
18,349.10 18,349.10
8.96% 8.96%
4.89% 4.89%
18,202.98 18,202.98
TOTAL
(5,028.01) (5,028.01)
(3,907.54) (3,907.54)
(654.00) (654.00)
(4,561.54) (4,561.54)
Administration of Foreign Affairs, Subtotal Administration of Foreign Affairs, Subtotal
13,274.86 13,274.86
12,498.79 12,498.79
654.00 654.00
13,152.79 13,152.79
13,371.07 13,371.07
6.98% 6.98%
1.66% 1.66%
13,204.50 13,204.50
(3,943.11) (3,943.11)
(3,105.31) (3,105.31)
(654.00) (654.00)
(3,759.31) (3,759.31)
Diplomatic Programs Diplomatic Programs
9,506.87 9,506.87
9,170.01 9,170.01
204.00 204.00
9,374.01 9,374.01
9,490.67 9,490.67
3.50% 3.50%
1.24% 1.24%
9,476.98 9,476.98
(2,936.04) (2,936.04)
(2,226.12) (2,226.12)
(204.00) (204.00)
(2,430.12) (2,430.12)
of which Worldwide Security Protection
4,095.90
4,120.90

4,120.90
4,075.90
-1.09%
-1.09%
4,075.90
(2,626.12)
(2,226.12)
(2,226.12)
Consular and Border Security Programs Consular and Border Security Programs
273.08 273.08

300.00 300.00
(300.00) (300.00)
320.00 320.00
n.a. n.a.
6.67% 6.67%
320.00 320.00
(273.08) (273.08)
(300.00) (300.00)
Capital Investment Fund Capital Investment Fund
139.50 139.50
250.00 250.00

250.00 250.00
448.88 448.88
79.55% 79.55%
79.55% 79.55%
275.00 275.00
Office of Inspector General Office of Inspector General
145.73 145.73
145.73 145.73

145.73 145.73
146.36 146.36
0.43% 0.43%
0.43% 0.43%
146.36 146.36
(54.90) (54.90)
(54.90) (54.90)
(54.90) (54.90)
Educational & Cultural Exchanges Educational & Cultural Exchanges
735.70 735.70
740.30 740.30

740.30 740.30
741.30 741.30
0.14% 0.14%
0.14% 0.14%
750.00 750.00
(5.00) (5.00)
Representation Expenses Representation Expenses
6.85 6.85
7.42 7.42

7.42 7.42
7.42 7.42
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
7.42 7.42
CRS-23 CRS-23

link to page 33 link to page 33

FY2021 Enacted

%
Change,
%
FY2021
Change,
Non-
FY2021
Emerg.
Total
Enact. vs.
Enact. vs.
FY2022
FY2020
Non-
FY2022
FY2022
FY2022
House-

Actual
Emerg.
Emerg.a
Total
Req.
Req.
Req.
passed
Protection of Foreign Missions & Officials Protection of Foreign Missions & Officials
30.89 30.89
30.89 30.89

30.89 30.89
30.89 30.89
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
30.89 30.89
Embassy Security, Construction & Maintenance Embassy Security, Construction & Maintenance
1,975.45 1,975.45
1,950.45 1,950.45

1,950.45 1,950.45
1,983.15 1,983.15
1.68% 1.68%
1.68% 1.68%
1,995.45 1,995.45
(424.09) (424.09)
(824.29) (824.29)
(824.29) (824.29)
of which Worldwide Security Upgrades
1,205.65
1,181.39

1,181.39
1,132.43
-4.14%
-4.14%
1,144.73
(424.09)
(824.29)
(824.29)
Emergency-Diplomatic & Consular Services Emergency-Diplomatic & Consular Services
267.89 267.89
7.89 7.89

7.89 7.89
8.89 8.89
12.68% 12.68%
12.68% 12.68%
8.89 8.89
Repatriation Loans Repatriation Loans
1.30 1.30
2.50 2.50

2.50 2.50
1.30 1.30
-48.00% -48.00%
-48.00% -48.00%
1.30 1.30
Payment American Institute Taiwan Payment American Institute Taiwan
31.96 31.96
31.96 31.96

31.96 31.96
32.58 32.58
1.94% 1.94%
1.94% 1.94%
32.58 32.58
International Chancery Center International Chancery Center
0.74 0.74
2.74 2.74

2.74 2.74
0.74 0.74
-72.91% -72.91%
-72.91% -72.91%
0.74 0.74
Sudan Claims Sudan Claims

150.00 150.00
150.00 150.00

n.a. n.a.
-100.00% -100.00%

(150.00) (150.00)
(150.00) (150.00)
Foreign Service Retirement (mandatory) Foreign Service Retirement (mandatory)
158.90 158.90
158.90 158.90

158.90 158.90
158.90 158.90
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
158.90 158.90
International Organizations, Subtotal International Organizations, Subtotal
3,000.09 3,000.09
2,962.24 2,962.24

2,962.24 2,962.24
3,591.54 3,591.54
21.24% 21.24%
21.24% 21.24%
3,591.54 3,591.54
(1,084.90) (1,084.90)
(802.23) (802.23)
(802.23) (802.23)
Contributions to International Organizations Contributions to International Organizations
1,473.81 1,473.81
1,505.93 1,505.93

1,505.93 1,505.93
1,662.93 1,662.93
10.43% 10.43%
10.43% 10.43%
1,662.93 1,662.93
(96.24) (96.24)
(96.24) (96.24)
(96.24) (96.24)
Contributions to International Peacekeeping Contributions to International Peacekeeping
1,526.28 1,526.28
1,456.31 1,456.31

1,456.31 1,456.31
1,928.61 1,928.61
32.43% 32.43%
32.43% 32.43%
1,928.61 1,928.61
(988.66) (988.66)
(705.99) (705.99)
(705.99) (705.99)
International Commissions, Subtotal (Function 300) International Commissions, Subtotal (Function 300)
162.80 162.80
176.62 176.62

176.62 176.62
176.62 176.62
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
186.62 186.62
International Boundary/U.S. Mexico International Boundary/U.S. Mexico
85.07 85.07
98.77 98.77

98.77 98.77
98.77 98.77
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
108.77 108.77
CRS-24 CRS-24

link to page 33 link to page 33

FY2021 Enacted

%
Change,
%
FY2021
Change,
Non-
FY2021
Emerg.
Total
Enact. vs.
Enact. vs.
FY2022
FY2020
Non-
FY2022
FY2022
FY2022
House-

Actual
Emerg.
Emerg.a
Total
Req.
Req.
Req.
passed
American Sections American Sections
15.01 15.01
15.01 15.01

15.01 15.01
15.01 15.01
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
15.01 15.01
International Fisheries International Fisheries
62.72 62.72
62.85 62.85

62.85 62.85
62.85 62.85
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
62.85 62.85
Agency for Global Media, Subtotal Agency for Global Media, Subtotal
810.40 810.40
802.96 802.96

802.96 802.96
810.40 810.40
0.93% 0.93%
0.93% 0.93%
818.85 818.85
Broadcasting Operations Broadcasting Operations
798.70 798.70
793.26 793.26

793.26 793.26
800.70 800.70
0.94% 0.94%
0.94% 0.94%
809.15 809.15
Capital Improvements Capital Improvements
11.70 11.70
9.70 9.70

9.70 9.70
9.70 9.70
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
9.70 9.70
Related Programs, Subtotal Related Programs, Subtotal
381.34 381.34
385.28 385.28

385.28 385.28
385.17 385.17
-0.03% -0.03%
-0.03% -0.03%
387.17 387.17
Asia Foundation Asia Foundation
19.00 19.00
20.00 20.00

20.00 20.00
20.00 20.00
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
20.00 20.00
U.S. Institute of Peace U.S. Institute of Peace
45.00 45.00
45.00 45.00

45.00 45.00
45.00 45.00
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
45.00 45.00
Center for Middle East-West Dialogue Center for Middle East-West Dialogue
0.24 0.24
0.25 0.25

0.25 0.25
0.18 0.18
-28.00% -28.00%
-28.00% -28.00%
0.18 0.18
Eisenhower Exchange Programs Eisenhower Exchange Programs
0.27 0.27
0.21 0.21

0.21 0.21
0.17 0.17
-18.66% -18.66%
-18.66% -18.66%
0.17 0.17
Israeli-Arab Scholarship Program Israeli-Arab Scholarship Program
0.12 0.12
0.12 0.12

0.12 0.12
0.12 0.12
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
0.12 0.12
East-West Center East-West Center
16.70 16.70
19.70 19.70

19.70 19.70
19.70 19.70
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
19.70 19.70
Leadership Institute for Transatlantic Engagement Leadership Institute for Transatlantic Engagement

n.a. n.a.
n.a. n.a.
2.00 2.00
National Endowment for Democracy National Endowment for Democracy
300.00 300.00
300.00 300.00

300.00 300.00
300.00 300.00
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
300.00 300.00
Other Commissions, Subtotal Other Commissions, Subtotal
13.51 13.51
14.30 14.30

14.30 14.30
14.30 14.30
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
14.30 14.30
Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad
0.68 0.68
0.64 0.64

0.64 0.64
0.64 0.64
-0.31% -0.31%
-0.31% -0.31%
0.64 0.64
International Religious Freedom International Religious Freedom
4.50 4.50
4.50 4.50

4.50 4.50
4.50 4.50
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
4.50 4.50
Security & Cooperation in Europe Security & Cooperation in Europe
2.58 2.58
2.91 2.91

2.91 2.91
2.91 2.91
0.07% 0.07%
0.07% 0.07%
2.91 2.91
Cong.-Exec. Commission on People’s Republic of China Cong.-Exec. Commission on People’s Republic of China
2.25 2.25
2.25 2.25

2.25 2.25
2.25 2.25
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
2.25 2.25
CRS-25 CRS-25

link to page 33 link to page 33

FY2021 Enacted

%
Change,
%
FY2021
Change,
Non-
FY2021
Emerg.
Total
Enact. vs.
Enact. vs.
FY2022
FY2020
Non-
FY2022
FY2022
FY2022
House-

Actual
Emerg.
Emerg.a
Total
Req.
Req.
Req.
passed
U.S.-China Economic and Security Review U.S.-China Economic and Security Review
3.50 3.50
4.00 4.00

4.00 4.00
4.00 4.00
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
4.00 4.00
Foreign Operations, TOTAL
40,557.42 40,557.42
39,404.25 39,404.25
14,616.00 14,616.00
54,620.25 54,620.25
44,306.97 44,306.97
12.44% 12.44%
-18.88% -18.88%
44,772.92 44,772.92
(5,869.46) (5,869.46)
(4,517.58) (14,616.00) (19,733.58) (4,517.58) (14,616.00) (19,733.58)
Title II. Administration of Foreign Assistance Title II. Administration of Foreign Assistance
1,766.05 1,766.05
1,711.45 1,711.45
41.00 41.00
1,752.45 1,752.45
1,862.65 1,862.65
8.83% 8.83%
6.29% 6.29%
1,790.62 1,790.62
(103.00) (103.00)
(41.00) (41.00)
(41.00) (41.00)
USAID Operating Expenses USAID Operating Expenses
1,479.25 1,479.25
1,377.75 1,377.75
41.00 41.00
1,418.75 1,418.75
1,527.95 1,527.95
10.90% 10.90%
7.70% 7.70%
1,455.92 1,455.92
(102.00) (102.00)
(41.00) (41.00)
(41.00) (41.00)
USAID Capital Investment Fund USAID Capital Investment Fund
210.30 210.30
258.20 258.20

258.20 258.20
258.20 258.20
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
258.20 258.20
USAID Inspector General USAID Inspector General
76.50 76.50
75.50 75.50

75.50 75.50
76.50 76.50
1.32% 1.32%
1.32% 1.32%
76.50 76.50
(1.00) (1.00)
Title III. Bilateral Assistance Title III. Bilateral Assistance
27,668.49 27,668.49
26,488.95 26,488.95
13,995.00 13,995.00
41,083.95 41,083.95
29,643.91 29,643.91
11.91% 11.91%
-27.85% -27.85%
29,625.91 29,625.91
(4,929.34) (4,929.34)
(3,615.46) (13,995.00) (18,210.46) (3,615.46) (13,995.00) (18,210.46)
Global Health Programs Global Health Programs
9,559.95 9,559.95
9,195.95 9,195.95
4,000.00 4,000.00
13,195.95 13,195.95
10,050.95 10,050.95
9.30% 9.30%
-23.83% -23.83%
10,641.45 10,641.45
(435.00) (435.00)
(4,000.00) (4,000.00)
(4,000.00) (4,000.00)
of which USAID
3,629.95
3,265.95
4,000.00
7,265.95
3,870.95
18.52%
-46.72%
4,561.45
(435.00)
(4,000.00)
(4,000.00)
of which State
5,930.00
5,930.00

5,930.00
6,180.00
4.22%
4.22%
6,080.00
Development Assistance Development Assistance
3,400.00 3,400.00
3,500.00 3,500.00

3,500.00 3,500.00
4,075.10 4,075.10
16.43% 16.43%
16.43% 16.43%
4,075.10 4,075.10
International Disaster Assistance International Disaster Assistance
4,953.36 4,953.36
4,395.36 4,395.36

4,395.36 4,395.36
4,682.36 4,682.36
6.53% 6.53%
6.53% 6.53%
4,682.36 4,682.36
(2,291.98) (2,291.98)
(1,914.04) (1,914.04)
(1,914.04) (1,914.04)
CRS-26 CRS-26

link to page 33 link to page 33

FY2021 Enacted

%
Change,
%
FY2021
Change,
Non-
FY2021
Emerg.
Total
Enact. vs.
Enact. vs.
FY2022
FY2020
Non-
FY2022
FY2022
FY2022
House-

Actual
Emerg.
Emerg.a
Total
Req.
Req.
Req.
passed
Transition Initiatives Transition Initiatives
92.04 92.04
92.04 92.04

92.04 92.04
92.04 92.04
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
92.04 92.04
Complex Crises Fund Complex Crises Fund
30.00 30.00
30.00 30.00

30.00 30.00
60.00 60.00
100.00% 100.00%
100.00% 100.00%
40.00 40.00
Economic Support Fund Economic Support Fund
3,288.00 3,288.00
3,151.96 3,151.96
9,375.00 9,375.00
12,526.96 12,526.96
4,260.23 4,260.23
35.16% 35.16%
-65.99% -65.99%
3,635.23 3,635.23
(243.00) (243.00)
(9,375.00) (9,375.00)
(9,375.00) (9,375.00)
Democracy Fund Democracy Fund
273.70 273.70
290.70 290.70

290.70 290.70
290.70 290.70
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
290.70 290.70
Assistance for Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia Assistance for Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia
770.33 770.33
770.33 770.33

770.33 770.33
788.93 788.93
2.41% 2.41%
2.41% 2.41%
788.93 788.93
Migration & Refugee Assistance Migration & Refugee Assistance
3,782.00 3,782.00
3,432.00 3,432.00
600.00 600.00
4,032.00 4,032.00
3,845.00 3,845.00
12.03% 12.03%
-4.64% -4.64%
3,845.00 3,845.00
(1,871.36) (1,871.36)
(1,701.42) (1,701.42)
(600.00) (600.00)
(2,301.42) (2,301.42)
Emergency Refugee & Migration Assistance Emergency Refugee & Migration Assistance
0.10 0.10

500.00 500.00
500.10 500.10
0.10 0.10
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
0.10 0.10
(500.00) (500.00)
(500.00) (500.00)
Independent Agencies, Subtotal Independent Agencies, Subtotal
1,474.00 1,474.00
1,393.50 1,393.50

1,393.50 1,393.50
1,393.50 1,393.50
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
1,430.00 1,430.00
(88.00) (88.00)
Peace Corps Peace Corps
498.50 498.50
410.50 410.50

410.50 410.50
410.50 410.50
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
430.50 430.50
(88.00) (88.00)
Mil ennium Challenge Corporation Mil ennium Challenge Corporation
905.00 905.00
912.00 912.00

912.00 912.00
912.00 912.00
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
912.00 912.00
Inter-American Foundation Inter-American Foundation
37.50 37.50
38.00 38.00

38.00 38.00
38.00 38.00
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
44.50 44.50
U.S. African Development Foundation U.S. African Development Foundation
33.00 33.00
33.00 33.00

33.00 33.00
33.00 33.00
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
43.00 43.00
Department of the Treasury, Subtotal Department of the Treasury, Subtotal
45.00 45.00
357.00 357.00
120.00 120.00
357.00 357.00
105.00 105.00
-55.70% -55.70%
-70.59% -70.59%
105.00 105.00
(120.00) (120.00)
(120.00) (120.00)
International Affairs Technical Assistance International Affairs Technical Assistance
30.00 30.00
33.00 33.00

33.00 33.00
38.00 38.00
15.15% 15.15%
15.15% 15.15%
38.00 38.00
CRS-27 CRS-27

link to page 33 link to page 33

FY2021 Enacted

%
Change,
%
FY2021
Change,
Non-
FY2021
Emerg.
Total
Enact. vs.
Enact. vs.
FY2022
FY2020
Non-
FY2022
FY2022
FY2022
House-

Actual
Emerg.
Emerg.a
Total
Req.
Req.
Req.
passed
Debt Restructuring Debt Restructuring
15.00 15.00
204.00 204.00
120.00 120.00
324.00 324.00
67.00 67.00
-67.16% -67.16%
-79.32% -79.32%
67.00 67.00
(120.00) (120.00)
(120.00) (120.00)
Title IV. International Security Assistance Title IV. International Security Assistance
9,013.95 9,013.95
9,004.03 9,004.03

9,004.03 9,004.03
9,183.89 9,183.89
2.00% 2.00%
2.00% 2.00%
9,034.03 9,034.03
(837.12) (837.12)
(902.12) (902.12)
(902.12) (902.12)
International Narcotics Control & Law Enforcement International Narcotics Control & Law Enforcement
1,391.00 1,391.00
1,385.57 1,385.57

1,385.57 1,385.57
1,525.74 1,525.74
10.12% 10.12%
10.12% 10.12%
1,395.57 1,395.57
Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining
895.75 895.75
889.25 889.25

889.25 889.25
900.25 900.25
1.24% 1.24%
1.24% 1.24%
889.25 889.25
Peacekeeping Operations Peacekeeping Operations
457.35 457.35
440.76 440.76

440.76 440.76
469.46 469.46
6.51% 6.51%
6.51% 6.51%
460.76 460.76
(325.21) (325.21)
(325.21) (325.21)
(325.21) (325.21)
International Military Education & Training International Military Education & Training
112.93 112.93
112.93 112.93

112.93 112.93
112.93 112.93
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
112.93 112.93
Foreign Military Financing Foreign Military Financing
6,156.92 6,156.92
6,175.52 6,175.52

6,175.52 6,175.52
6,175.52 6,175.52
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
6,175.52 6,175.52
(511.91) (511.91)
(576.91) (576.91)
(576.91) (576.91)
Title V. Multilateral Assistance Title V. Multilateral Assistance
2,049.78 2,049.78
2,040.82 2,040.82
580.00 580.00
2,620.82 2,620.82
3,630.13 3,630.13
77.88% 77.88%
38.51% 38.51%
4,098.56 4,098.56
(580.00) (580.00)
(580.00) (580.00)
International Organizations & Programs International Organizations & Programs
358.00 358.00
387.00 387.00
580.00 580.00
967.50 967.50
457.10 457.10
17.96% 17.96%
-52.75% -52.75%
477.10 477.10
(580.00) (580.00)
(580.00) (580.00)
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
206.50 206.50
206.50 206.50

206.50 206.50
206.50 206.50
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
206.50 206.50
Global Environment Facility Global Environment Facility
139.58 139.58
139.58 139.58

139.58 139.58
149.29 149.29
6.96% 6.96%
6.96% 6.96%
149.29 149.29
International Development Association International Development Association
1,097.01 1,097.01
1,001.40 1,001.40

1,001.40 1,001.40
1,427.97 1,427.97
42.60% 42.60%
42.60% 42.60%
1,001.40 1,001.40
Asian Development Fund Asian Development Fund
47.40 47.40
47.40 47.40

47.40 47.40
53.32 53.32
12.50% 12.50%
12.50% 12.50%
53.32 53.32
African Development Bank African Development Bank
0.00 0.00
54.65 54.65

54.65 54.65
54.65 54.65
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
54.65 54.65
CRS-28 CRS-28

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FY2021 Enacted

%
Change,
%
FY2021
Change,
Non-
FY2021
Emerg.
Total
Enact. vs.
Enact. vs.
FY2022
FY2020
Non-
FY2022
FY2022
FY2022
House-

Actual
Emerg.
Emerg.a
Total
Req.
Req.
Req.
passed
African Development Fund African Development Fund
171.30 171.30
171.30 171.30

171.30 171.30
211.30 211.30
23.35% 23.35%
23.35% 23.35%
211.30 211.30
Green Climate Fund Green Climate Fund

625.00 625.00
n.a. n.a.
n.a. n.a.
1,600.00 1,600.00
Climate Investment Funds Climate Investment Funds

300.00 300.00
n.a. n.a.
n.a. n.a.
200.00 200.00
International Monetary Fund International Monetary Fund

102.00 102.00
n.a. n.a.
n.a. n.a.
102.00 102.00
International Fund for Agricultural Development International Fund for Agricultural Development
30.00 30.00
32.50 32.50

32.50 32.50
43.00 43.00
32.31% 32.31%
32.31% 32.31%
43.00 43.00
Title VI. Export Assistance Title VI. Export Assistance
59.16 59.16

-13.61 -13.61
-108.56% -108.56%
-108.56% -108.56%
223.80 223.80
Export-Import Bank (net) Export-Import Bank (net)
98.80 98.80
159.00 159.00

159.00 159.00
-221.50 -221.50
95.15% 95.15%
95.15% 95.15%
-74.50 -74.50
U.S. Development Finance Corporation (net) U.S. Development Finance Corporation (net)
-119.14 -119.14
-113.50 -113.50

-113.50 -113.50
128.39 128.39
-33.48% -33.48%
-33.48% -33.48%
218.80 218.80
U.S. Trade & Development Agency U.S. Trade & Development Agency
79.50 79.50
193.00 193.00

193.00 193.00
79.50 79.50
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
79.50 79.50
SFOPS Total
58,200.40 58,200.40
56,244.43 56,244.43
15,870.00 15,870.00
72,114.43 72,114.43
62,656.08 62,656.08
11.40% 11.40%
-13.12% -13.12%
62,975.90 62,975.90
(10,897.46) (10,897.46)
(8,435.12) (15,870.00) (24,295.12) (8,435.12) (15,870.00) (24,295.12)
Rescissions, net Rescissions, net
-828.74 -828.74
-530.12 -530.12

-530.12 -530.12
-535.00 -535.00
0.92% 0.92%
0.92% 0.92%
-575.00 -575.00
(-532.46) (-532.46)
(-425.12) (-425.12)
(-425.12) (-425.12)
SFOPS Total, Net of Rescissions
57,371.66 57,371.66
55,714.31 55,714.31
15,870.00 15,870.00
71,584.31 71,584.31
62,121.08 62,121.08
11.50% 11.50%
-13.22% -13.22%
62,400.90 62,400.90
(10,365.00) (10,365.00)
(8,000.00) (15,870.00) (23,870.00) (8,000.00) (15,870.00) (23,870.00)
Source: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2022; SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2022;
Notes: Figures in parentheses are amount designated as Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) or supplemental emergency funding and are subsumed in the larger Figures in parentheses are amount designated as Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) or supplemental emergency funding and are subsumed in the larger
account number above them. “Non-emergency” funding includes both “base” funding (also referred to as “enduring” or “ongoing” funding in budget documents) and account number above them. “Non-emergency” funding includes both “base” funding (also referred to as “enduring” or “ongoing” funding in budget documents) and
OCO funds. Numbers may not add due to rounding. “n.a.” = not applicable. OCO funds. Numbers may not add due to rounding. “n.a.” = not applicable.
a. Includes emergency funds provided in Title IX of the final FY2021 SFOPS appropriation (P.L. 116-260), the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (P.L. 117-2), and the a. Includes emergency funds provided in Title IX of the final FY2021 SFOPS appropriation (P.L. 116-260), the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (P.L. 117-2), and the
Emergency Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 117-31). Emergency Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 117-31).
CRS-29 CRS-29

Appendix B. International Affairs Budget
The International Affairs budget, or Function 150, includes funding that is not in the Department The International Affairs budget, or Function 150, includes funding that is not in the Department
of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) appropriation; in particular, of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) appropriation; in particular,
international food assistance programs (Food for Peace Act (FFPA), Title II and McGovern-Dole international food assistance programs (Food for Peace Act (FFPA), Title II and McGovern-Dole
International Food for Education and Child Nutrition programs) are in the Agriculture International Food for Education and Child Nutrition programs) are in the Agriculture
Appropriations, and the Foreign Claim Settlement Commission and the International Trade Appropriations, and the Foreign Claim Settlement Commission and the International Trade
Commission are in the Commerce, Justice, Science appropriations. In addition, the SFOPS Commission are in the Commerce, Justice, Science appropriations. In addition, the SFOPS
appropriation measure includes funding for certain international commissions that are not part of appropriation measure includes funding for certain international commissions that are not part of
the International Affairs Function 150 account. the International Affairs Function 150 account.
CRS-30 CRS-30

link to page 35 link to page 35
Table B-1. International Affairs Budget, FY2020-FY2022
(In millions of U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals designated as OCO or emergency funds) (In millions of U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals designated as OCO or emergency funds)

FY2021 Enacted

% Change,
% Change,
FY2021 Non-
FY2021 Total
FY2020
Emergency vs.
Enact. vs.
FY2022

Actual
Base +OCO
Emerg.
Total
FY2022 Req.
FY2022 Req.
FY2022 Req.
House
State-Foreign Operations,
57,195.35 57,195.35
55,537.69 55,537.69
15,870.00 15,870.00
71,407.69 71,407.69
61,944.45 61,944.45
11.54% 11.54%
-13.25% -13.25%
62,214.68 62,214.68
excluding Commissionsa
(10,265.00) (10,265.00)
(8,000.00) (8,000.00)
(15,870.00) (15,870.00)
(23,870) (23,870)
Commerce-Justice-Science
101.74 101.74
105.37 105.37

105.37 105.37
105.43 105.43
0.06% 0.06%
0.06% 0.06%
120.93 120.93
Foreign Claims Settlement Foreign Claims Settlement
2.34 2.34
2.37 2.37

2.37 2.37
2.43 2.43
2.70% 2.70%
2.70% 2.70%
2.43 2.43
Commission Commission
Int’l Trade Commission Int’l Trade Commission
99.40 99.40
103.00 103.00

103.00 103.00
103.00 103.00
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
118.5 118.5
Agriculture
1,945.00 1,945.00
1,970.00 1,970.00
800.00 800.00
2,770.00 2,770.00
1,800.11 1,800.11
-8.62% -8.62%
-35.01% -35.01%
1,985.0 1,985.0
(800.00) (800.00)
(800.00) (800.00)
FFPA Title II FFPA Title II
1,725.00 1,725.00
1,740.00 1,740.00
800.00 800.00
2,540.00 2,540.00
1,570.00 1,570.00
-9.77% -9.77%
-38.19% -38.19%
1,740.0 1,740.0
(800.00) (800.00)
(800.00) (800.00)
McGovern-Dole McGovern-Dole
220.00 220.00
230.00 230.00

230.11 230.11
0.05% 0.05%
0.05% 0.05%
245.0 245.0
Total International Affairs
59,242.09 59,242.09
57,613.06 57,613.06
16,670.00 16,670.00
74,283.06 74,283.06
63,850.00 63,850.00
10.83% 10.83%
-14.05% -14.05%
64,320.21 64,320.21
(150)
(10,365.00) (10,365.00)
(8,000.00) (8,000.00)
(16,670.00) (24,520.00) (16,670.00) (24,520.00)
Source: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2022; H.R. SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2022; H.R. ~~4374~~4373. .
Notes: Figures in parentheses are amount designated as Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) or supplemental emergency funding and are subsumed in the larger Figures in parentheses are amount designated as Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) or supplemental emergency funding and are subsumed in the larger
account number above them. Non-Emergency funding includes both account number above them. Non-Emergency funding includes both ~~bas~~base funding (also referred to as “enduring” or “ongoing” funding in budget documents) and OCO- funding (also referred to as “enduring” or “ongoing” funding in budget documents) and OCO-
designated funds. Numbers may not add due to rounding. “n.a.” = not applicable. designated funds. Numbers may not add due to rounding. “n.a.” = not applicable.
a. Includes mandatory spending from the Foreign Service retirement account and does not align with budget justification figures that count only discretionary spending. a. Includes mandatory spending from the Foreign Service retirement account and does not align with budget justification figures that count only discretionary spending.
Excludes funding for international commissions that is appropriated in the SFOPS bil but part of function 300 of the budget (Natural Resources and Environment), Excludes funding for international commissions that is appropriated in the SFOPS bil but part of function 300 of the budget (Natural Resources and Environment),
not function 150 (International Affairs). not function 150 (International Affairs).

CRS-31 CRS-31

Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs

Appendix C. International Affairs Components Chart
Figure C-1.

Source: Created by CRS. Created by CRS.

Author Information

Cory R. Gill Cory R. Gill
Emily M. Morgenstern Emily M. Morgenstern
Analyst in Foreign Affairs Analyst in Foreign Affairs
Analyst in Foreign Assistance and Foreign Policy Analyst in Foreign Assistance and Foreign Policy

Marian L. Lawson Marian L. Lawson

Section Research Manager Section Research Manager

Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

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Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs

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R46935 R46935 · VERSION 36 · UPDATED
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