The Weatherization Assistance Program Formula

The Weatherization Assistance Program
Formula Updated September 23, 2025 (R46418) Jump to Main Text of Report

Contents

• Introduction to the Weatherization Assistance Program
• Statutory Authority for Allocation
• WAP's Program Allocation
• Development of the Program Allocation Procedures
• 1984 Formula Allocation
• 1995 Formula Allocation
• FY2025 Allocation
• The Base Allocation
• The Formula Allocation
• Factor 1: Population
• Factor 2: Climate
• Factor 3: Residential Energy Expenditure
• State Formula Share and State Formula Allocation
• Potential Issues for Congress

Tables

• Table A-1. Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP): State Allocations, FY2020-FY2025
• Table A-2. Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP): State Allocations, FY2010-FY2019
• Table A-3. Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP): State Allocations, FY2001-FY2009 ARRA
• Table B-1. Base Allocation Table from 10 C.F.R. §440.10

Appendixes

• Appendix A. State Total Allocations, FY2001-FY2025
• Appendix B. Base Allocation

Summary

November 12, 2021
Formula
Corrie E. Clark
The Department of EnergyThe Department of Energy’'s (DOEs (DOE’'s) Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) enables low-s) Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) enables low-
Analyst in Energy Policy
income families to reduce their energy consumption by making their dwellings more energy income families to reduce their energy consumption by making their dwellings more energy

efficient. The WAP was authorized in Title IV of the Energy Conservation and Production Act efficient. The WAP was authorized in Title IV of the Energy Conservation and Production Act
Lynn J. Cunningham
(ECPA, (ECPA; P.L. 94-385P.L. 94-385) ) and established in 1976. This act authorized the and established in 1976. This act authorized the Administratoradministrator of the of the
Senior Research Librarian
Federal Energy Administration (and later the Secretary of Energy) to provide weatherization Federal Energy Administration (and later the Secretary of Energy) to provide weatherization

assistance. assistance.

The WAP is a formula grant program: The WAP is a formula grant program: fundingFunding flows from DOE to state and territorial flows from DOE to state and territorial
governments and then to local governments and weatherization agencies. DOE program guidelines specify that a variety of governments and then to local governments and weatherization agencies. DOE program guidelines specify that a variety of
energy efficiency measures are eligible for support under the program. The measures energy efficiency measures are eligible for support under the program. The measures in cludeinclude insulation, space-heating insulation, space-heating
equipment, energy-efficient windows, water heaters, and efficient air conditioners.equipment, energy-efficient windows, water heaters, and efficient air conditioners.
Program funds are allocated to Program funds are allocated to the states and territories according to a formula that has a long and complicated history.states and territories according to a formula that has a long and complicated history.
Initially WAP funds were distributed in a manner that was more favorable to colder-weather states.Initially WAP funds were distributed in a manner that was more favorable to colder-weather states. This focus was in part the This focus was in part the
result of high heating oil prices throughout the 1970s.result of high heating oil prices throughout the 1970s. As WAP was reauthorized, Congress amended the factors that were As WAP was reauthorized, Congress amended the factors that were
considered by DOE to inform the distribution of funds.considered by DOE to inform the distribution of funds.
The current procedure dates to 1990, when Congress reauthorized WAP. The reauthorization required that the Secretary of The current procedure dates to 1990, when Congress reauthorized WAP. The reauthorization required that the Secretary of
DOEEnergy amend the formula allocation to use more recent data and to account for factors such as the cost of heating and cooling. amend the formula allocation to use more recent data and to account for factors such as the cost of heating and cooling.
The effect of these changes was that, in general, some funding would be shifted from colder-weather states to warmer-The effect of these changes was that, in general, some funding would be shifted from colder-weather states to warmer-
weather states.weather states. To prevent a dramatic shift of funds, the To prevent a dramatic shift of funds, the “new”"new" formula, which DOE developed in 1995, is used formula, which DOE developed in 1995, is used to calculate to calculate
state allotments only when appropriations for the WAP program exceed approximately $209.7 million.state allotments only when appropriations for the WAP program exceed approximately $209.7 million. When funds are at or When funds are at or
above the threshold, DOE determines program allocations for states and territories according to a base allocation and a above the threshold, DOE determines program allocations for states and territories according to a base allocation and a
formula allocation. The base allocation is a set amount for each state and territory and reflects historical program allocations. formula allocation. The base allocation is a set amount for each state and territory and reflects historical program allocations.
The formula allocation is composed of three factors: a population factor, a climatic factor (which The formula allocation is composed of three factors: a population factor, a climatic factor (which is derived from heating and
cooling degree daysaccounts for the variations in climatic conditions that can affect household energy consumption), and a residential energy expenditure factor ), and a residential energy expenditure factor by low-income households (which approximates the (which approximates the
financial burden to low-income households of energy use). For total program allocations below $209,724,761, DOE financial burden to low-income households of energy use). For total program allocations below $209,724,761, DOE
determines allocations for states and territories according to a base allocation of $209,724,761determines allocations for states and territories according to a base allocation of $209,724,761 less the percentage decrease of
the total program allocation from the threshold.
prorated by the percentage below that threshold. Under the current procedure, the method of funding allocation is dependent Under the current procedure, the method of funding allocation is dependent uponon whether WAP whether WAP’'s annual appropriation by s annual appropriation by
Congress is at or exceeds the monetary threshold, as noted. In Congress is at or exceeds the monetary threshold, as noted. In FY2021FY2025, the threshold for the formula allocation was exceeded , the threshold for the formula allocation was exceeded
with WAP funding at $with WAP funding at $310326 million. million.
The WAP was reauthorized in the Energy Act of 2020 (Division Z of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, P.L. 116-The WAP was reauthorized in the Energy Act of 2020 (Division Z of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, P.L. 116-
260). The act amended the program, and260). The act amended the program, and, in addition to the factors in the formula allocation, the Secretary of in addition to the factors in the formula allocation, the Secretary of DOE alsoEnergy may may
consider the non-energy benefits of weatherization improvements—such as improvements to health and safety—when consider the non-energy benefits of weatherization improvements—such as improvements to health and safety—when
determining appropriate standards and procedures.
Issues for Congress center on whether to amend the current allocation procedure to account for changes in the energy
consumption of heating or cooling, to make changes to the per dwelling funding limit, to make changes to the approved
weatherization materials, or to include other factors in the formula. In the 117th Congress, several bills would make changes
to the WAP. These include increasing the authorized appropriations for the program, increasing per dwelling funding limits,
establishing a timeline for disbursement of allocated funds to states, and directing a percentage of funds to be apportioned to
environmental justice communities, among other proposals.


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Contents
Introduction to the Weatherization Assistance Program ......................................................... 1
Statutory Authority for Al ocation ................................................................................ 2
WAP’s Program Allocation ............................................................................................... 2
Development of the Program Al ocation Procedures........................................................ 3
1984 Formula Allocation ....................................................................................... 3
1995 Formula Allocation ....................................................................................... 4
FY2021 Al ocation .................................................................................................... 4
The Base Allocation ........................................................................................................ 5
The Formula Allocation ................................................................................................... 5
Factor 1: Population ................................................................................................... 6
Factor 2: Climate ....................................................................................................... 6
Factor 3: Residential Energy Expenditure ...................................................................... 7
Potential Issues for Congress ............................................................................................ 8

Tables

Table A-1. Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP): State Al ocations: FY2020-
FY2021 .................................................................................................................... 10
Table A-2. Table A-2. Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP): State Al ocations:
FY2010-FY2019 ........................................................................................................ 14
Table A-3. Table A-3. Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP): State Al ocations:
FY2001-FY2009 ARRA.............................................................................................. 18
Table B-1. Base Allocation Table from 10 C.F.R. §440.10 ................................................... 22

Appendixes
Appendix A. State Total Allocations, FY2001-FY2021 ....................................................... 10
Appendix B. Base Allocation .......................................................................................... 22

Contacts
Author Information ....................................................................................................... 23

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The Weatherization Assistance Program Formula

determining appropriate standards and procedures. The act also established a competitive program for WAP enhancement and innovation that includes termination language stating that "the Secretary may not award financial assistance under this section after September 30, 2025."

Issues for Congress center on whether to continue the program as enacted, to amend the current formula to account for changes in the energy consumption of heating or cooling or other factors, to make changes to the per-dwelling funding limit, or to make changes to the approved weatherization materials. In the 119^th Congress, several bills—including H.R. 1355, S. 1342, and S. 2570—would make changes to the WAP. These include increasing per-dwelling funding limits, establishing a weatherization readiness program to make dwelling units ready to receive weatherization measures, reauthorizing appropriations for the program, and providing additional authorizations for appropriations for weatherization readiness, among other proposals. Other bills—including S. 127, S. 1197, H.R. 2407, and H.R. 150—refer to the program but would not amend the program directly.

Introduction to the Weatherization Assistance Program

Introduction to the Weatherization Assistance
Program
The Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) was established in 1976 under Title IV of the The Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) was established in 1976 under Title IV of the
Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPAEnergy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA, ; P.L. 94-385P.L. 94-385,; 42 U.S.C. §6861 et seq.). The 42 U.S.C. §6861 et seq.). The
WAP enables low-income families to permanently reduce their energy consumption by making WAP enables low-income families to permanently reduce their energy consumption by making
their households more energy efficient.their households more energy efficient.11 It is a formula grant program: It is a formula grant program: fundingFunding flows from the flows from the
Department of Energy (DOE) to state governments (including territories, beginning in 2007) and Department of Energy (DOE) to state governments (including territories, beginning in 2007) and
then to local governments and weatherization agencies.then to local governments and weatherization agencies.² DOE program guidelines specify that a DOE program guidelines specify that a
variety of energy efficiency measures are eligible for support under the program. variety of energy efficiency measures are eligible for support under the program. The measures
include insulation, space-heating equipment, energy-efficient windows, water heaters, and
efficient air conditioners.
The Energy Act of 2020 (Division Z, P.L. 116-260) amended the program and reauthorized The Energy Act of 2020 (Division Z, P.L. 116-260) amended the program and reauthorized
annual appropriations from FY2021 through FY2025. The act clarified that renewable energy annual appropriations from FY2021 through FY2025. The act clarified that renewable energy
technologies and other advanced technologies are considered to be weatherization materials (42 technologies and other advanced technologies are considered to be weatherization materials (42
U.S.C. §6862(9)). The act also amended U.S.C. §6862(9)). The act also amended sectionSection 413(b) of 413(b) of EPCAECPA (42 U.S.C. §6863(b)) to (42 U.S.C. §6863(b)) to
authorize DOE to account for the non-energy benefits of weatherization improvements—such as authorize DOE to account for the non-energy benefits of weatherization improvements—such as
improvements to health and safety—when determining appropriate standards and procedures for improvements to health and safety—when determining appropriate standards and procedures for
WAP. WAP. The act added The act added a sectionSection 414(c) 414(c) of EPCAto ECPA (42 U.S.C. §6864c) (42 U.S.C. §6864c) stating, which states that the Secretary that the Secretary of Energy may may
request that grant recipients review and encourage the expanded use of private contractors. request that grant recipients review and encourage the expanded use of private contractors. AAnother new new
sectionsection, 414(d) (42 U.S.C. §6864d), 414(d) authorized the creation of a new financial assistance program for WAP authorized the creation of a new financial assistance program for WAP
enhancement and innovation.enhancement and innovation. Other3 Other enacted changes include increasing the amount of a WAP grant that changes include increasing the amount of a WAP grant that
can be used for can be used for administrationadministrative purposes from 10% to 15% and changing the eligibility purposes from 10% to 15% and changing the eligibility
requirements for reweatherization of any requirements for reweatherization of any dwel ingdwelling to 15 years after the previous weatherization to 15 years after the previous weatherization
was completed.
Currently, DOE employs a formula to al ocatewas completed. In addition, WAP received additional appropriations for FY2022, to remain available until expended, through the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58). DOE allocated WAP funding provided by IIJA via formula.⁴ Currently, DOE employs a formula to allocate WAP funding to states, the District of Columbia, WAP funding to states, the District of Columbia,
and territories (hereinafter referred to as and territories (hereinafter referred to as states and territories"states"). Each state). Each state and territory, in turn, , in turn,
decides how to decides how to al ocateallocate its share of the funding to local governments and jurisdictions. its share of the funding to local governments and jurisdictions.25 Funds Funds
made availablemade available to the states are to the states are al ocatedallocated to local governments and nonprofit agencies for to local governments and nonprofit agencies for
purchasing and purchasing and instal inginstalling energy efficiency materials, such as insulation, and for making energy- energy efficiency materials, such as insulation, and for making energy-
related repairs.related repairs.36 Funds for tribes are included in a state Funds for tribes are included in a state’'s formula s formula al ocationsallocations. With a few . With a few
exceptions, funds for tribes are distributed at the state level. exceptions, funds for tribes are distributed at the state level.
For selected tribal governments, allocations are derived from state allocations and allocated directly from DOE to those entities.⁷ This report discusses the formula that is used to This report discusses the formula that is used to al ocateallocate WAP funds to state governments. The WAP funds to state governments. The
formula formula al ocationallocation has changed over time. The report has changed over time. The report begins withprovides an introduction to WAP, an introduction to WAP,
including the programincluding the program’'s statutory authority, current s statutory authority, current al ocationallocation procedure, and origin and procedure, and origin and
evolution. Next, the report discusses the specific methods and factors for distributing WAP funds

1 T he federal WAP statute states that the primary purpose of the program is “to increase the energy efficiency of
dwellings owned or occupied by low-income persons, reduce their total residential energy expenditures, and improve
their health and safety, especially low-income persons who are particularly vulnerable such as the elderly, the
handicapped, and children.” See 42 U.S.C. §6861.
2 Administrative rules, eligibility standards, the types of aid, and benefit levels are primarily decided at the state level.
Eligibility is automatically given to applicants receiving T emporary Assistance to Needy Families or Supplemental
Security Income. Also, if a state elects, program eligibility can extended to a household that meets Low Income Home
Energy Assistance Program eligibility criteria.
3 Most of the grantees are state-designated community action agencies, which administer multiple types of social
service grants for low-income persons. No more than 10% of grant funds allocated to states may be used for
administration according to 42 U.S.C. §6865.
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to the states, which involve a base al ocation and a formula al ocation. The report concludes with
a discussion of issues for Congress and identifies some related legislation introduced in the 117th
Congress.
Statutory Authority for Allocation
Under current law, DOE al ocatesevolution. Next, the report discusses the specific methods and factors for distributing WAP funds to the states, which involve a base allocation and a formula allocation. The report concludes with a discussion of issues for Congress and identifies some related legislation introduced in the 119^th Congress. WAP Implementation Under IIJA

The IIJA appropriated an additional $3.5 billion to DOE for WAP for FY2022, to remain available until expended. This additional funding is considerably more funding than the program typically receives in annual appropriations (regular appropriations provided $313 million in FY2022 funding for WAP).

In October 2024, the DOE Office of Inspector General (OIG) published an audit report to determine the status of the IIJA WAP funding.⁸ DOE OIG identified three issues: (1) 11 states exceeded the expenditure limit per unit by more than 50%; (2) 21 states and territories did not submit timely quarterly reports to DOE as required; and (3) 16 states and territories (with approved plans and funding) had not weatherized any units as of the report publication.⁹

With those identified issues, DOE OIG recommended that DOE "(1) more closely manage cost per unit thresholds; (2) enforce reporting requirements and ensure adequate staffing within the WAP network for effective execution and quality assurance functions; and (3) more closely oversee grantees that have received funds that do not show sufficient work completed."¹⁰

Prior to the 2024 audit report, DOE OIG had issued a special report in April 2022 that suggested that "the Department consider reserving and allocating Infrastructure Law funds as necessary expenses for the Department, grantees and subgrantees to improve both the design and the testing of internal controls."¹¹ In implementation, DOE set disbursement criteria for grantees, effectively withholding some of the funding until certain conditions were met. DOE disbursed 15% of the allocation at the time of initial award, and provided for an additional 35% to be disbursed upon approval of a plan. The remaining 50% of the allocation would be disbursed by DOE upon grantees meeting certain milestones.¹²

The status of WAP funding from IIJA is uncertain in part due to actions taken by the Trump Administration, including issuance of Executive Order 14154 on January 20, 2025, which directed federal agencies to "immediately pause the disbursement of funds appropriated through the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (Public Law 117-169) or the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (Public Law 117-58)."¹³

Statutory Authority for Allocation Under current law, DOE allocates weatherization assistance funds to states and territories, taking weatherization assistance funds to states and territories, taking
into account several factors. Section 414 of ECPA (42 U.S.C. into account several factors. Section 414 of ECPA (42 U.S.C. §6864(a)) mandates that the funding 6864(a)) mandates that the funding
al ocationallocation be based on be based on “"the relative need for weatherization assistance among low-income the relative need for weatherization assistance among low-income
persons.persons.”" Other factors specified in Section 414 include Other factors specified in Section 414 include:
 “ "the number of the number of dwel ingdwelling units to be weatherized units to be weatherized”;
 “";¹⁴ "the climatic conditions in the the climatic conditions in the stateState [or territory] respecting energy conservation, [or territory] respecting energy conservation,
which may include consideration of annual degree dayswhich may include consideration of annual degree days”;
 “";¹⁵ "the type of weatherization work to be done in various settingsthe type of weatherization work to be done in various settings”"; and; and
 “ "such other factors as the Secretary [of DOE] may determine necessary, such as such other factors as the Secretary [of DOE] may determine necessary, such as
the cost of heating and cooling, in order to carry out the purpose and provisions the cost of heating and cooling, in order to carry out the purpose and provisions
of this part.of this part.”
"DOE is required to DOE is required to annual yannually update the data used in the update the data used in the al ocationallocation of funds. of funds.416
WAP’'s Program Allocation
Funds for WAP are directed to several activitiesFunds for WAP are directed to several activities., and funds are allocated to states and territories according to a formula that has changed over time and that depends on the amount of funding provided through appropriations by Congress. DOE describes the allocation process in 10 C.F.R. §440.10. From the funds provided by Congress, DOE reserves some funds for national training DOE reserves some funds for national training
and technical assistance (T&TA) activities that benefit and technical assistance (T&TA) activities that benefit al all states and territories. DOE states and territories. DOE al ocates
also allocates funding for T&TA activities at both the state and local levels. The total funding funding for T&TA activities at both the state and local levels. The total funding available to DOE for national, state, for national, state,
and local T&TA and local T&TA is limited to 10may be up to 20% of an annual appropriation.% of an annual appropriation.5
17 In addition, depending on specific funding levels, DOE is directed to competitively award grants for WAP enhancement and innovation and may elect to award Sustainable Energy Resources for Consumers (SERC) grants. The remaining funds comprise the total The remaining funds comprise the total al ocationallocation to state programs. The program to state programs. The program al ocation
allocation consists of two parts: the base consists of two parts: the base al ocationallocation and the formula and the formula al ocationallocation. The base . The base al ocationallocation for each for each
state is fixed, but the amount differs for each statestate is fixed, but the amount differs for each state (see the section "The Base Allocation" for more information). The fixed base is. The fixed base was intended to prevent large intended to prevent large
swings from previous swings from previous al ocationsallocations, which could disrupt a state which could disrupt a state’'s program operations. s program operations.
A state or territory’s program al ocation for a given year is determined using one of two methods
and is dependent upon WAP’s annual appropriation by Congress.6 If the total program al ocation
is at or above $209,724,761 (referred to as the threshold amount),7 DOE determines program
al ocationsDOE determines program allocations for states and territories for states and territories according to a base al ocationas the sum of a base allocation and a formula and a formula al ocationallocation, which , which
is expressed is expressed mathematical y as:
mathematically as

Program Allocation = Base Allocation + Formula Allocation

The base allocation is a shared pool of $171,858,000. All funds above this level are determined using one of two methods and are dependent on WAP's annual appropriation by Congress.¹⁸ If the total program allocation is at or above $209,724,761 (referred to as the "threshold amount"),¹⁹ the formula allocation is used. The formula allocation depends on three factors, as described in the section "The Formula Allocation."

For total program allocations below $209,724,761, DOE determines allocationsProgram Allocation = Base Allocation + Formula Allocation

4 See 42 U.S.C. 6864(c).
5 T he American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5) allowed the T &T A share to increase temporarily
to 20%.
6 T hese methods are described in an interim rule that was published and later finalized in the Federal Register in 1995.
For interim rule, see Department of Energy, “Weatherization Assistance Program for Low-Income Persons,” 60
Federal Register 29469-29481, June 5, 1995. For final rule, see Department o f Energy, “ Weatherization Assistance
Program for Low-Income Persons,” 60 Federal Register 64314-64315, December 15, 1995.
7 See 10 C.F.R. §440.10. T he threshold amount, $209,724,761, is based upon the appropriation of $226,800,000 for the
WAP in FY1995 under P.L. 103-332. After reserving funds for DOE and state and territory T &TA, total program
allocations were $209,724,761 for FY1995. The threshold amount is not adjusted for inflation.
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For total program al ocations below $209,724,761, DOE determines al ocations for states and for states and
territories according to an territories according to an al ocationallocation of $209,724,761 of $209,724,761 lessprorated by the percentage decrease the percentage decrease of the total
program al ocation from the threshold. For example, if the total program from the threshold. For example, if the total program al ocationallocation were 10% were 10%
below $209,724,761, then the program below $209,724,761, then the program al ocationallocation for each state or territory would be 10% less for each state or territory would be 10% less
than the program than the program al ocationallocation as determined for $209,724,761. According to DOE, "this approach distributes the effect of lower appropriations equitably."²⁰ The procedure in 10 C.F.R. §440.10(c) does not specify what the program allocation would be for each state and territory at the threshold amount (i.e., $209,724,761) to determine the prorated percentage decrease. This threshold amount is based on allocations determined by DOE for FY1995. In a previous instance when total program allocations were below the threshold and above the base allocation, DOE stated that "allocations are prorated from 1995 levels under Public Law 103-332," and "data updated since 1995 do not impact allocations."²¹ as determined for $209,724,761. Both the base al ocation and formula
al ocation would be reduced by the same proportion (10%). According to DOE, “this approach
distributes the effect of lower appropriations equitably.”8
Development of the Program Allocation Procedures
As the WAP developed, DOE changed the procedures for state As the WAP developed, DOE changed the procedures for state al ocationallocation of WAP funds. Two of WAP funds. Two
formula al ocationsets of formula allocation procedures are discussed procedures are discussed below—those developed in 1984 and in 1995. The 1995 —those developed in 1984 and in 1995. The 1995
procedures remain in effect todayprocedures remain in effect today., as amended in 2009.²² The current state The current state al ocationallocation consists of two parts: a fixed consists of two parts: a fixed
amount of money derived from a stateamount of money derived from a state’'s FY1993 s FY1993 al ocationallocation, as determined by as determined by WAPDOE, and an , and an
additional amount of money—referred to as the additional amount of money—referred to as the "formula formula al ocation.allocation." The FY1993 The FY1993 al ocationallocation was was
determined according to the formula determined according to the formula al ocationallocation procedures developed in 1984. procedures developed in 1984.9
23 1984 Formula Allocation
In 1984, DOE developed and published standard procedures for In 1984, DOE developed and published standard procedures for al ocatingallocating funds within the funds within the
WAP.WAP.1024 DOE divided the first $5.1 DOE divided the first $5.1 mil ionmillion of appropriated funds of appropriated funds equal yequally among the states among the states, with an with an
additional $100,000 additional $100,000 al ocatedallocated to Alaska. The remaining funds available for to Alaska. The remaining funds available for al ocationallocation to the states to the states
would be dispersed according to a formula. would be dispersed according to a formula. This formula This formula al ocationallocation emphasized heating demand, emphasized heating demand,
resulting in warmer weather states receiving less funds than colder weather states. In the formula, resulting in warmer weather states receiving less funds than colder weather states. In the formula,
the square of the number of heating degree days in a state and the square of the number of cooling the square of the number of heating degree days in a state and the square of the number of cooling
degree days in a state were each multiplied by the percentage of total residential energy used for degree days in a state were each multiplied by the percentage of total residential energy used for
space heating or cooling, respectively, and then summed.11 As households typical y use more
energy for heating than cooling, this formula tended to favor states in colder climates (with more
heating degree days). In addition, DOE retained the option to reduce or increase the al ocation for
a state depending upon the likelihood of a state to expend funds.12

8 See Department of Energy, “Weatherization Assistance Program for Low-Income Persons,” 60 Federal Register
29479, June 5, 1995; T estimony of Annamaria Garcia, Director of the Office of Weatherization and Intergovernmental
Programs at the U.S. Department of Energy, in U.S. Congress, House Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and
Water Development, Departm ent of Energy’s Weatherization Assistance Program , hearings, 116th Congress, 1st
session, February 12, 2019, p.3, http://docs.house.gov/meetings/AP/AP10/20190213/108877/HHRG-116-AP10-
Wstate-GarciaA-20190213.pdf.
9 According to Department of Energy (DOE), “the proposed formula as a whole balances congressional intent of
maintaining program capacity and apportioning funds more equitably among the States. Under the formula, no State
loses more than one-half of one percent of FY1994 funds unless total program allocations fall below $220 million. All
States gain when funds rise above this amount.” DOE, “Weatherization Assistance Program for Low-Income Persons,”
60 Federal Register 29471, June 5, 1995.
10 DOE, “Weatherization Assistance for Low-Income Persons,” 49 Federal Register 3441-3638, January 27, 1984.
11space heating or cooling, respectively, and then summed. A heating degree day A heating degree day (HDD) is(HDD) is a measurement designeda measurement designed to quantify the demand for energy neededto quantify the demand for energy needed to heat a building to heat a building
and is typically determined as the number of degreesand is typically determined as the number of degrees that a daythat a day’'s average temperature is belows average temperature is below 65o 65^o Fahrenheit. A Fahrenheit. A
cooling degree day (CDD) iscooling degree day (CDD) is a measurement designeda measurement designed to quantify the demand for energy neededto quantify the demand for energy needed to cool a buildingto cool a building and and
is typically determined as the number of degreesis typically determined as the number of degrees that a daythat a day’'s average temperature is above 65^o Fahrenheit. As households typically use more energy for heating than cooling, the DOE formula tended to favor states in colder climates (with more heating degree days). In addition, DOE retained the option to reduce or increase the allocation for a state depending on the state's likelihood to expend funds.²⁵ 1995 Formula Allocation s average temperature is above 65o Fahrenheit.
12 DOE stated that in determining whether funds should be reduced, “DOE will consider the amount of unexpended
financial assistance currently available to a grantee under this part and the number of dwelling units which remain to be
weatherized with the unexpended financial assistance.” For increased funds, DOE would determine the amount that
“the grantee can expend to weatherize additional dwelling units during the budget period for which financial assistance
is to be awarded.” See DOE, “Weatherization Assistance for Low-Income Persons,” 49 Federal Register 3631, January
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1995 Formula Allocation
The State Energy Efficiency Program Improvement Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-440) directed DOE to The State Energy Efficiency Program Improvement Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-440) directed DOE to
review the formula review the formula al ocationallocation. Some were concerned that the formula favored northern states over . Some were concerned that the formula favored northern states over
southern and western states. According to the Senate committee report for S. 247 (S.Rept. 101-southern and western states. According to the Senate committee report for S. 247 (S.Rept. 101-
235), enacted as P.L. 101-440235), enacted as P.L. 101-440:13
,²⁶ The Committee intends that there be a moreThe Committee intends that there be a more equitable distribution of Federal financial equitable distribution of Federal financial
assistance among the States than presently exists. The current formulaassistance among the States than presently exists. The current formula’'s squaring of heating s squaring of heating
and cooling degree days does not appear to provide for an equitable national distribution and cooling degree days does not appear to provide for an equitable national distribution
of available federal funds among low-income households. By requiring a repromulgation of available federal funds among low-income households. By requiring a repromulgation
of the formula, the Committee intends to achieve a more equitable distribution of such of the formula, the Committee intends to achieve a more equitable distribution of such
WAP funds based on the nationwide low-income population.WAP funds based on the nationwide low-income population.
In this regard, the Secretary shall determine whether, in fact, the current formulaIn this regard, the Secretary shall determine whether, in fact, the current formula’'s squaring s squaring
of heating and cooling degree days unfairly favors certain States, and, if so, shall take of heating and cooling degree days unfairly favors certain States, and, if so, shall take
immediate immediate steps to change the allocation formula to reflectsteps to change the allocation formula to reflect a more a more equitable national equitable national
distribution of funds among low-income households. In this regard, the Committee intends distribution of funds among low-income households. In this regard, the Committee intends
that the Secretary, in consultation with the State Advisory Board established under the Act, that the Secretary, in consultation with the State Advisory Board established under the Act,
develop a new formula and criteria for develop a new formula and criteria for determining thedetermining the most equitable methodsmost equitable methods of of
allocating weatherization funds based on low income population, number of heating and allocating weatherization funds based on low income population, number of heating and
cooling days, the relative costs of heating and cooling, and the annual costs incurred by cooling days, the relative costs of heating and cooling, and the annual costs incurred by
low-income households for heating and cooling.low-income households for heating and cooling.1427
DOE undertook a rulemaking DOE undertook a rulemaking, and published and published thean interim final rule in June 1995 that was adopted as a final rule in December 1995.²⁸ This formula allocation remains in effect, as amended in 2009 and further described in "The Formula Allocation."²⁹ FY2025 Allocation final rule in 1995.15 This formula al ocation
remains in effect.
FY2021 Allocation
DOE determines the annual funding DOE determines the annual funding al ocation or “allocation or "total program total program al ocation”allocation" for weatherization for weatherization
assistance for each state and territory from assistance for each state and territory from “"the annual appropriation [by Congress] less funds the annual appropriation [by Congress] less funds
reserved for training and technical assistancereserved for training and technical assistance.”16 [T&TA]."³⁰ For fiscal year (FY) For fiscal year (FY) 20212025, weatherization , weatherization
received $received $315.0 mil ion366.0 million in total appropriations, of which $ in total appropriations, of which $310.0 mil ion326.0 million went to WAP went to WAP and $5, $10.0 million .0
mil ion for T&TA activities at DOE headquarters.17 Of the total appropriations, DOE was directed
to make $1 mil ion available for grant recipients that have previously worked through the
weatherization innovation pilot program (WIPP) “to implement and demonstrate programs to
treat harmful substances, including vermiculite, at the state and regional level.”18for T&TA activities at DOE headquarters, and $30.0 million for the Weatherization Readiness Fund.³¹ Within available Within available
funds, DOE reserved $18.6 mil ion to be made available via the WIPP for innovation and $6.2

27, 1984.
13 U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, Subcommittee on Energy Regulation and
Conservation, State Energy Conservation Program s Im provem ent Act of 1989, hearing on S. 247, 101st Cong., 1st sess.,
May 2, 1989, pp. 156-158.
14 U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, State Energy Efficiency Improvement Act of
1989, report to accompany S. 247, 101st Cong., 1st sess., January 10, 1988, S.Rept. 101-235, p. 19.
15 For the final rule, see Department of Energy, “Weatherization Assistance Program for Low-Income Persons,” 60
Federal Register 64314-64315, December 15, 1995. For the interim rule, which describes the formula allocation, see
Department of Energy, “Weatherization Assistance Program for Low-Income Persons,” 60 Federal Register 29469-
29481, June 5, 1995.
16 See definition for “total program allocation” under 10 C.F.R. §440.3.
17 See Joint Explanatory Statement, Division D, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 ( P.L. 116-260),
https://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20201221/BILLS-116RCP68-JES-DIVISION-D.pdf.
18 Ibid., p. 78.
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mil ion to make funding available for Sustainable Energy Resources for Consumers (SERC)
Grants and al ocated an additional $0.8 mil ion for cross-cutting activities.19 Altogether, $283.4
mil ion funds, DOE did not reserve funds for WAP Enhancement and Innovation competitive grants or Sustainable Energy Resources for Consumers (SERC) grants.³² Altogether, approximately $325.0 million was available to states and territories for was available to states and territories for FY2021, with $233.8 mil ion available FY2025, with $268.1 million available for the for the
total program total program al ocation and nearly $49.6 mil ionallocation and $56.9 million for T&TA activities. for T&TA activities.20 For FY202133 For FY2025, the total , the total
program al ocationprogram allocation was above the threshold. For FY2025 allocation information for states, territories, and tribes, see Table A-1. The Base Allocation was above the threshold.
Appendix A provides annual al ocation information for states, territories, and tribes for FY2001
through FY2021; the al ocations vary from year to year and reflect changes in funding levels for
the WAP and DOE al ocations for program funds and T&TA funds.
The Base Allocation
The The base allocation is a fixed amount of annual funding that each state and territory receives is a fixed amount of annual funding that each state and territory receives
from appropriated sums for weatherization assistance from DOE.from appropriated sums for weatherization assistance from DOE.2134 The fixed amount differs for The fixed amount differs for
each state and territory and was based each state and territory and was based upon the al ocationson the allocations for FY1993 as determined by DOE for FY1993 as determined by DOE
according to a previous formula.according to a previous formula.22 Base al ocations35 Base allocations, which total $171,858,000, are listed in Table , which total $171,858,000, are listed in Table
1 of 10 C.F.R. §440.10(b)(1). This table is included 1 of 10 C.F.R. §440.10(b)(1). This table is included inin Appendix B for reference.for reference.
The Formula Allocation
State and territory formula al ocations When the total program allocation is at or exceeds $209,724,761, state and territory formula allocations are determined using the 1995 formula allocation process, as amended. The available funds for formula allocation are determined from the difference between the total are determined from the difference between the total
program program al ocationallocation and the total base and the total base al ocationallocation of $171,858,000. For example, in FY2025, the total available funds for allocation by formula were $96,267,000 (the difference between the FY2025 total program allocation—$268,125,000—and the base allocation—$171,858,000). The state of $171,858,000. This difference can be
considered to be the total available funds for formula al ocation. For example, in FY2020, the
total available funds for formula al ocation was $77,374,500 (the difference between the FY2020
total program al ocation—$249,232,500—and the base al ocation—$171,858,000). The formula
allocation for each state or territory is determined by multiplying the total availableis determined by multiplying the total available funds for funds for
formula al ocationallocation by formula by a state or territory by a state or territory’'s formula share. The state formula s formula share. The state formula al ocation is
expressed mathematical y as:
allocation is expressed mathematically as State Formula Allocation = Total Funds for Formula Allocation × State Formula ShareState Formula Allocation = Total Funds for Formula Allocation × State Formula Share
The The state formula share is formula share is calculated as the product of three factors—population, climate, and residential energy the product of three factors—population, climate, and residential energy
expenditures—expenditures—which are then normalized by the normalized by the national totalsum of the product of each state of the product of each state’'s three factors (effectively, the national total). Factor 1: Population s three factors.

19 Section 411 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA 2007, P.L. 110-140) stipulates that WAP
funds may be used to award Sustainable Energy Resources for Consumers (SERC) grants only when WAP funding for
a given fiscal year is at or above $275 million . EISA 2007 also directs DOE to limit SERC grant funding to 2% of
WAP funds; therefore for FY2021, SERC funds are limited to no more than $6.2 million (or 2% of $310 mil lion). In
addition, DOE also allocated $825,000 in FY2021 WAP funds for cross-cutting activities. DOE, “ Program Year 2021
Grantee Allocations,” Weatherization Program Notice, January 21, 2021, https://www.energy.gov/eere/wap/downloads/
weatherization-program-notice-21-2-program-year-2021-grantee-allocations.
20 DOE reserved nearly $52.9 million for T &TA activities for states and territories, which is less than the 20% that
DOE may reserve for grantees per 42 U.S.C. §6866. See DOE, “ Program Year 2020 Grantee Allocations,”
Weatherization Program Notice, February 10, 2020, https://www.energy.gov/eere/wipo/downloads/wpn-20-2-program-
year-2020-grantee-allocations.
21 See 10 C.F.R. §440.10(b)(1).
22 In 1995, DOE issued an interim rule (which was later finalized) that established an updated allocation formula “to
provide warmer-weather States a greater share of the funding, while protecting the Program capacity developed over
the years by colder-weather States.” See Department of Energy, “ Weatherization Assistance Program for Low-Income
Persons,” 60 Federal Register 29470, June 5, 1995.
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Factor 1: Population
The population factor (Factor 1) is the percentage of the U.S. low-income households in each
The population factor (Factor 1) is the percentage of the U.S. low-income households in each state or territory. The formula gives equal weight to owners and renters. The American Recovery state or territory. The formula gives equal weight to owners and renters. The American Recovery
and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRAand Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA, ; P.L. 111-5P.L. 111-5, §407a) revised the program guidelines to raise §407a) revised the program guidelines to raise
the low-income eligibilitythe low-income eligibility ceiling from 150% to 200% of the poverty level.ceiling from 150% to 200% of the poverty level.23
36 DOE does not routinely publish estimates for the population factor. The U.S. Energy Information AdministrationThe U.S. Energy Information Administration’'s (EIAs (EIA’'s) 2009 Residential Energy Consumption s) 2009 Residential Energy Consumption
Survey (RECS) estimated that there were 113.6 Survey (RECS) estimated that there were 113.6 mil ionmillion households in the United States. households in the United States.24 Of the
113.6 mil ion 37 Of these households, approximately 39.5 households, approximately 39.5 mil ionmillion households (or nearly 35%) were households (or nearly 35%) were federal y
eligible federally eligible for weatherization assistance.for weatherization assistance.³⁸ The distribution of low-income households in the United The distribution of low-income households in the United
States in 2009 was States in 2009 was “"in roughly the same proportions as the non-low-income population, with in roughly the same proportions as the non-low-income population, with
approximately 16approximately 16% percent in the Northeast, 23 in the Northeast, 23% percent in the Midwest, 41 in the Midwest, 41% percent in the South, and 20 in the South, and 20% percent in the in the
West.”25 EIA’s 2015West."³⁹ EIA's 2020 RECS—with the most recent survey data—estimated that the total number RECS—with the most recent survey data—estimated that the total number
of households of households hashad increased in the United States to increased in the United States to 118.2 mil ion.26123.53 million.⁴⁰ Although CRS did not Although CRS did not
identify a source for the number of households that were eligible for weatherization assistance in identify a source for the number of households that were eligible for weatherization assistance in
20152020, EIA, EIA’s 2015's 2020 RECS did estimate that RECS did estimate that 37.0 mil ion of the 118.2 mil ion 33.58 million of the 123.53 million households in the households in the
United States experienced energy insecurity.United States experienced energy insecurity.27
Factor 2: Climate
41 Of those households that experienced energy insecurity, EIA's 2020 RECS estimated approximately 16% in the Northeast, 20% in the Midwest, 42% in the South, and 22% in the West. Factor 2: Climate The climate factor (Factor 2) accounts for the variation in climatic conditions that can affect The climate factor (Factor 2) accounts for the variation in climatic conditions that can affect
household energy consumption (i.e., energy demand for heating and cooling). The factor household energy consumption (i.e., energy demand for heating and cooling). The factor accounts
for the energy needed for heating and cooling in a proportional manner. The factor relies uponrelies on 30- 30-
year averages of year averages of heating degree days and cooling degree daysHDDs and CDDs as reported by the National as reported by the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). According to NOAA, the 30-year averages Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). According to NOAA, the 30-year averages
are updated once every 10 years.are updated once every 10 years.2842 In May 2021, NOAA published 30-year climate normals for In May 2021, NOAA published 30-year climate normals for
the period from 1991 through 2020.29 A heating degree day (HDD) is a measurement designed to
quantify the demand for energy needed to heat a building and is typical y determined as the
number of degrees that a day’s average temperature is below 65o Fahrenheit. A cooling degree

23 At the time of the 1995 rulemaking for the formula allocation, the low-income eligibility ceiling was 125% of the
poverty level. T he number of low-income households used in the rulemaking was obtained from a special tabulation of
Census data completed by the Bureau of the Census for the Department of Energy .
24 Of the 113.6 million households, EIA reported that 16.9 million households were below the poverty line in 2009.
EIA, “T able HC9.2 Household Demographics of U.S. Homes, by Owner/Renter Status, 2009 ,” 2009 RECS Survey
Data, https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2009/#house.
25 Eisenberg, Joel, Weatherization Assistance Program Technical Memorandum Background Data and Statistics On
Low-Incom e Energy Use and Burdens, ORNL/T M-2014/133, Oak Ridge, T ennessee, April 2014 , p. 3.
26 EIA updated the RECS in 2017 (with data from 2015); see https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2015/
hc/php/hc9.5.php.
27 Household energy insecurity refers to those households that experienced at least one of the following issues collected
in the survey: (1) reducing or forgoing food or medicine to pay energy costs, (2) leaving the home at an unhealthy
temperature, (3) receiving a disconnect or delivery stop notice, (4) unable to use heating equipment, or (5) unable to use
cooling equipment. EIA, “ T able HC11.1 Household Energy Insecurity, 2015,” 2015 RECS Survey Data,
https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2015/hc/php/hc11.1.php.
28 T he 1991–2020 U.S. Climate Normals dataset is the latest release of Climate Normals by the National Centers for
Environmental Information (NCEI); see https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/us-climate-normals/.
29 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, “NOAA Delivers New U.S. Climate Normals: Decadal
update from NCEI gives forecasters and public latest averages from 1991 -2020,” press release, May 5, 2021,
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/news/noaa-delivers-new-us-climate-normals.
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day (CDD) is a measurement designed to quantify the demand for energy needed to cool a
building and is typical y determined as the number of degrees that a day’s average temperature is
above 65o Fahrenheit.the period from 1991 through 2020.⁴³ The HDDs and CDDs that appear in NOAA's data include annual values, representing the sum of degree days accumulated across all days of the year.⁴⁴ Using these annual degree-day data, Factor 2 is the sum of the HDD ratio (a state HDD divided by the national Factor 2 is the sum of the HDD ratio (a state HDD divided by the national
median HDD) and the CDD ratio (a state CDD divided by the national median CDDmedian HDD) and the CDD ratio (a state CDD divided by the national median CDD, multiplied multiplied
by 0.1) for each state or territory, treating the energy needed for heating and cooling in a by 0.1) for each state or territory, treating the energy needed for heating and cooling in a
proportional manner. proportional manner. Mathematical yMathematically, Factor 2 is expressed as, Factor 2 is expressed as:
State HDD
State CDD
Factor 2=
+ (
× 0.1)
National Median HDD
National Median CDD
Including 0.1 in the CDD ratio—according to the 1995 interim Including 0.1 in the CDD ratio—according to the 1995 interim final rule—accounted for the difference rule—accounted for the difference
in national energy consumption data between heating and cooling. According to 1990 data from in national energy consumption data between heating and cooling. According to 1990 data from
EIA, national heating consumption equaled 4.79 EIA, national heating consumption equaled 4.79 quadril ion Btu quadrillion Btu, while air conditioning while air conditioning
consumption equaled 0.49 consumption equaled 0.49 quadril ion Btu.30 At the timequadrillion Btu.⁴⁵ That is, heating consumed approximately 10 , heating consumed approximately 10
times more energy than air conditioningtimes more energy than air conditioning; however, according to the 2015 RECS, EIA estimates
national heating energy consumption has declined to 3.95 quadril ion Btu while, or cooling energy consumption was roughly one-tenth (0.1) that for heating, in 1990. However, according to 2020 RECS data from EIA, heating energy consumption in 2020 was 4.03 quadrillion Btu and national air national air
conditioning energy consumption conditioning energy consumption has increased to 0.73 quadril ion Btu.31 Using the data within
the 2015 RECS, heating consumes approximately 5.4was 0.87 quadrillion Btu.⁴⁶ That means that, in 2020, heating consumed approximately 4.6 times more energy than air conditioning times more energy than air conditioning.
(or the ratio of cooling energy consumption to heating energy consumption roughly doubled since 1990, to 0.2). Factor 3: Residential Energy Expenditure
The residential energy expenditure factor (Factor 3) is an estimate of the residential energy The residential energy expenditure factor (Factor 3) is an estimate of the residential energy
expenditure (REE) for low-income households for a state or territory. Energy expenditures for expenditure (REE) for low-income households for a state or territory. Energy expenditures for
low-income households are not available at the state level.low-income households are not available at the state level. Further, EIA provides data for state
residential energy consumption including expenditure data, but EIA does not distinguish between
low-income households and other households.47 Therefore the factor is determined based on Therefore the factor is determined based on
publicly availablepublicly available data from the U.S. Census Bureau. At the Census division level, residential data from the U.S. Census Bureau. At the Census division level, residential
energy expenditure data is availableenergy expenditure data is available for the for the overal overall population and for low-income households population and for low-income households
(referred to as (referred to as “"Division REEDivision REE”).32 ").⁴⁸ According to the 1995 interim According to the 1995 interim final rule, rule, “"the underlying assumption the underlying assumption
in the calculation of State residential energy expenditures per low-income household is that the in the calculation of State residential energy expenditures per low-income household is that the
relationship between a Staterelationship between a State’'s residential energy expenditures per household and its respective s residential energy expenditures per household and its respective
divisional divisional residential energy expenditures per household is the same for its low-income residential energy expenditures per household is the same for its low-income
population as it is for its general population.population as it is for its general population.”33"⁴⁹ For example, if an average household in a state For example, if an average household in a state
spends 50% more on residential energy than the average household in its Census division, then it spends 50% more on residential energy than the average household in its Census division, then it
is assumed that low-income households in the same state would also spend 50% more on is assumed that low-income households in the same state would also spend 50% more on
residential energy than the average low-income household in its Census division. residential energy than the average low-income household in its Census division. To determine To determine
Factor 3, the state or territoryFactor 3, the state or territory’'s low-income household energy expenditures are normalized s low-income household energy expenditures are normalized
according to a national median low-income household energy expenditure. according to a national median low-income household energy expenditure. Mathematical y,
Mathematically, Factor 3 is expressed as State Formula Share and State Formula Allocation

As discussed previously, the above factors are multipled together and then normalized to determine a state formula share. The total amount of funding available for formula allocation is multipled by the state formula share to determine the state formula allocation. To determine a state's program allocation, the state formula allocation is summed with the state base allocation.

A state receives an annual allocation that is the sum of the state program allocation and the state training and technical assistance allocation. Appendix A provides annual allocation information for states, territories, and tribes for FY2001 through FY2025; the allocations vary from year to year and reflect changes in funding levels for the WAP and DOE allocations for program funds and T&TA funds. Potential Issues for Congress Under the current procedure, the method of funding allocation is dependent on whether WAP's Factor 3 is expressed as:

30 Data from T able 28 of EIA’s Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1990.
31 Data from T able CE3.1, “Annual Household Site End-Use Consumption in the U.S.—T otals and Averages, 2015,”
RECS 2015. https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2015/index.php?view=
consumption#by%20end%20uses.
32 T he Census Bureau established nine divisions, which are geographic groupings of states for the presentation of
census data. T he current divisions are New England, Middle Atlantic, East North Central, West North Central, South
Atlantic, East South Central, West South Central, Mountain, and Pacific. See https://factfinder.census.gov/help/en/
division.htm.
33 See Department of Energy, “Weatherization Assistance Program for Low-Income Persons,” 60 Federal Register
29477, June 5, 1995.
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State REE ⁄ State Households
Division REE ⁄
× Division Low-Income REE
Division Households
Factor 3 =

National Median REE
Potential Issues for Congress
Under the current procedure, the method of funding al ocation is dependent upon whether WAP’s
annual appropriation is at or exceeds a monetary threshold, as discussed. An issue for Congress is annual appropriation is at or exceeds a monetary threshold, as discussed. An issue for Congress is
whether to maintain this approach and continue to direct the whether to maintain this approach and continue to direct the al ocationallocation procedure through annual procedure through annual
appropriations. Alternatively, Congress could amend the authorizing language to address concerns appropriations. Alternatively, Congress could amend the authorizing language to address concerns
regarding the current regarding the current al ocationallocation procedure. procedure. TheyThese concerns center on whether adjustments are needed to center on whether adjustments are needed to
account for changes in heating and cooling or to include other factors in the formula. Another account for changes in heating and cooling or to include other factors in the formula. Another
issue is sufficiency of appropriations for the program. issue is sufficiency of appropriations for the program.
Congress could direct DOE to examine the current Congress could direct DOE to examine the current al ocationallocation formula and determine whether formula and determine whether
revisions to the current approach should be undertaken. Congress previously directed DOE to revisions to the current approach should be undertaken. Congress previously directed DOE to
revise the weatherization revise the weatherization al ocationallocation formula formula “"in order to in order to al owallow for a more equitable for a more equitable
apportionment of funds while not harming the existing capacity of any State to weatherize apportionment of funds while not harming the existing capacity of any State to weatherize
homes.”34homes" and provided funds for DOE to undertake the formula revision.⁵⁰ The DOE examination resulted in the 1995 The DOE examination resulted in the 1995 rulemakingfinal rule and current and current al ocationallocation formula. formula.
Congress may consider whether adjustments to the formula are merited to account for changes in Congress may consider whether adjustments to the formula are merited to account for changes in
heating and cooling. As discussed in heating and cooling. As discussed in "“Factor 2: Climate,”," the energy consumption ratio of heating the energy consumption ratio of heating
to air conditioning has declined from approximately 10 to to air conditioning has declined from approximately 10 to 5.44.6. Factor 2 also relies . Factor 2 also relies uponon 30-year 30-year
averages of HDDs and CDDs as reported and updated by NOAA on a 10-year basis. As the U.S. averages of HDDs and CDDs as reported and updated by NOAA on a 10-year basis. As the U.S.
average annual temperature has increased, average annual temperature has increased, the trend in the average annual number of heating degree days heating degree days havehas decreased and decreased and the trend in the average annual number of cooling cooling
degree days degree days havehas increased increased overal .35overall.⁵¹ The exception to this are states within the Southeast The exception to this are states within the Southeast
(excluding Florida), which have seen more HDDs and fewer CDDs.(excluding Florida), which have seen more HDDs and fewer CDDs.36 52 Long-term averages may Long-term averages may
not reflect present or future conditions or sufficiently capture the potential energy expenditure not reflect present or future conditions or sufficiently capture the potential energy expenditure
burden associated with heating and cooling during extreme temperatures. According to the burden associated with heating and cooling during extreme temperatures. According to the Fourth
Fifth National Climate Assessment (National Climate Assessment (NCA4NCA5), extreme temperatures are projected to increase even more ), extreme temperatures are projected to increase even more
than average temperatures in the contiguous United States.than average temperatures in the contiguous United States.3753 The EIA projects that The EIA projects that for residential buildings, delivered delivered
energy for air conditioning energy for air conditioning of buildings wil increase in the building sectorwill increase through 2050 through 2050, while while
delivered energy for space heating energy for space heating wil will decline during the same period.⁵⁴ Many factors can contribute to energy expenditure burdens, including local weather conditions; the energy sources used for heating and cooling; and the age and size of a home, home appliances, or home heating and cooling system equipment.⁵⁵ In addition, the HDD or CDD decline during the same period.38 In addition, the HDD or CDD

34 In H.Rept. 103-740, the Conference Report on the Department of Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act,
1995, P.L. 103-332, the conference committee stated that sufficient funds would be made available to permit DOE to
revise the weatherization allocation formula “ in order to allow for a more equitable apportionment of funds while not
harming the existing capacity of any State to weatherize homes.”
35 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Climate Change Indicators in the United States, Fourth Edition,
2016, p. 64, https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/downloads-indicators-report .
36 EPA, “ Climate Change Indicators: Heating and Cooling Degree Days,” https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/
climate-change-indicators-heating-and-cooling-degree-days.
37 “Extreme temperatures in the contiguous United States are projected to increase even more than average
temperatures. T he temperatures of extremely cold days and extremely warm days are both expected to increase. Cold
waves are projected to become less intense while heat waves will become more intense. T he number of days below
freezing is projected to decline while the number above 90°F will rise.” See p. 185 of Vose, R.S., D.R. Easterling, K.E.
Kunkel, A.N. LeGrande, and M.F. Wehner, “2017: T emperature Changes in the United States,” in Climate Science
Special Report: Fourth National Clim ate Assessm ent, Volum e I [Wuebbles, D.J., D.W. Fahey, K.A. Hibbard, D.J.
Dokken, B.C. Stewart, and T .K. Maycock (eds.)]. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, USA, pp.
185-206.
38 EIA’s model uses population-weighted degree days and reflects projected population shifts from colder to warmer
parts of the United States; EIA, “ EIA Projects Air-Conditioning Energy Use to Grow Faster T han Any Other Use in
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determined for a state may not capture the actual HDD and CDD experienced in urban areas. determined for a state may not capture the actual HDD and CDD experienced in urban areas.
Studies have shown evidence of heat islands in urban areas and Studies have shown evidence of heat islands in urban areas and evidence that persons of color and low-that persons of color and low-
income households within some urban areas experience additional elevated heat exposure.income households within some urban areas experience additional elevated heat exposure.39
In addition to altering the existing factors within the WAP’s formula al ocation, Congress may
include other factors. In the 117th Congress, several bil s would make changes to the WAP. Some
bil s would increase authorization of appropriations for the program.40 Some proposals would
increase per dwel ing funding limits.41 One proposal would establish a timeline for DOE to
disperse al ocated funds to states.42 Another bil would direct a percentage of fees received into
the Treasury to be appropriated to the weatherization assistance program and apportioned to
environmental justice communities.43
56 According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, some of these effects are a result of discriminatory practices that were prohibited in 1968 by the Fair Housing Act, as neighborhoods affected by such practices "continue to have less tree cover, higher temperatures, and greater proportions of residents with lower income."⁵⁷ Changing the amount of appropriations or the formula Changing the amount of appropriations or the formula al ocationallocation may have different outcomes. may have different outcomes.
Increasing appropriations to the WAP under the existing program Increasing appropriations to the WAP under the existing program al ocationallocation would provide would provide
additional funding to additional funding to al all states and territories. Changing the formula states and territories. Changing the formula al ocationallocation to reflect changes to reflect changes
in energy consumption due to heating and cooling and changes in HDDs and CDDs—holding in energy consumption due to heating and cooling and changes in HDDs and CDDs—holding al
all other factors constant—may increase formula other factors constant—may increase formula al ocationsallocations to states and territories in warmer to states and territories in warmer
climates (or those areas where a greater percentage of a householdclimates (or those areas where a greater percentage of a household’'s energy consumption is due to s energy consumption is due to
air conditioning). air conditioning). Expanding the factors that DOE should consider—such as the health and safety
of occupants—may introduce other changes to formula al ocations and the subsequent program
al ocations to states and territories.


Buildings,” https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=43155.
39 T he term “heat island” describes urban areas that have hotter surface and air temperatures than nearby rural areas.
T he urban heat island can affect communities by increasing energy demand and energy costs for cooling and air
conditioning, air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, heat -related illness and mortality, and water pollution. See
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2008, Reducing Urban Heat Islands: Com pendium of Strategies. Draft.
https://www.epa.gov/heat -islands/heat -island-compendium; T . Chakraborty, A. Hsu, D. Manya, G. Sheriff, 2019,
“Disproportionately Higher Exposure to Urban Heat in Lower-Income Neighborhoods: A Multi-City Perspective,”
Environm ental Research Letters, vol. 14 (10); A. Hsu , G. Sheriff, and T . Chakraborty, et al., “ Disproportionate
Exposure to Urban Heat Island Intensity Across Major US Cities,” Nature Com m unications, vol. 12 (2021), p. 2721.
40 T hese include S. 2377, Energy Infrastructure Act; H.R. 4309, Clean Energy Innovation and Deployment Act of 2021;
and H.R. 3684, Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.
41 Such proposals include H.R. 4309, Clean Energy Innovation and Deployment Act of 2021, and H.R. 5376, Build
Back Better Act.
42 H.R. 1512, Climate Leadership and Environmental Action for our Nation’s Future Act.
43 S. 2085, Save Our Future Act. According to the bill, an environmental justice community is “(A) a community of
color; (B) a low-income community; and (C) a T ribal or indigenous community. T his bill would apportion 24% of
certain fees received into the T reasury under subchapter E of chapter 38 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and
section 102 of the bill for weatherization assistance.”
Congressional Research Service
9

---

Appendix A. State Total Allocations, FY2001-FY2021
Table A-1. Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP): State Allocations: FY2020-FY2021
In current dol ars
Region/
State
FY2020
FY2021
Alabama
$3,443,053
$3,155,946
Alaska
2,283,222
2,177,695
Arizona
2,425,326
2,132,014
Arkansas
2,729,832
2,532,999
California
9,107,043
8,349,546
Colorado
6,940,358
6,657,253

Connecticut
3,694,901
3,417,529
Delaware
844,216
783,257
District of Columbia
779,056
749,828
Florida
3,875,985
3,292,566
Georgia
4,842,022
4,324,752
Hawai
302,402
280,638
Idaho
2,539,427
2,428,866
Il inois
17,420,195
16,511,511
Indiana
8,886,940
8,353,685
Iowa
6,147,974
5,893,595
Kansas
3,291,592
3,104,047
Kentucky
5,884,213
5,582,705
Louisiana
2,082,825
1,894,485
CRS-10

---

Region/
State
FY2020
FY2021
Maine
3,929,166
3,750,112
Maryland
3,767,334
3,493,675
Massachusetts
8,509,094
8,040,682
Michigan
20,160,855
19,093,962
Minnesota
12,143,741
11,722,051
Mississippi
2,202,874
2,034,117
Missouri
7,842,278
7,388,481
Montana
3,078,176
2,980,791
Nebraska
3,159,918
3,019,814
Nevada
1,509,219
1,357,572
New Hampshire
2,007,085
1,901,236
New Jersey
7,178,533
6,656,307
New Mexico
2,508,160
2,380,135
New York
26,945,581
25,229,032
North Carolina
6,186,961
5,642,274
North Dakota
2,971,658
2,891,278
Ohio
17,866,747
16,856,226
Oklahoma
3,525,126
3,271,910
Oregon
3,707,845
3,531,636
Pennsylvania
19,216,844
18,125,877
Rhode Island
1,539,247
1,451,556
South Carolina
2,700,461
2,440,739
South Dakota
2,316,227
2,236,681
Tennessee
5,875,208
5,480,377
CRS-11

---

Region/
State
FY2020
FY2021
Texas
8,976,933
7,908,820
Utah
2,697,506
2,573,038
Vermont
1,689,780
1,604,548
Virginia
5,563,082
5,171,298
Washington
5,918,599
5,648,547
West Virginia
3,947,952
3,784,308
Wisconsin
11,244,641
10,695,959
Wyoming
1,413,761
1,372,512
Total State Al ocation
299,821,174
281,358,468
American Samoa
213,853
209,818
Guam
228,917
221,859
Northern Mariana
216,705
212,093
Islands
Puerto Rico
1,379,277
1,141,978
Virgin Islands
240,074
230,784
Total U.S. Territories
2,278,826
2,016,532
Al ocations



Navaho Grant
0
0

Inter-Tribal Council
$0
0
of Arizona Grant


Northern Arapahoe
$120,750
117,227
Grant

CRS-12

---

Region/
State
FY2020
FY2021
Total Tribal
$120,750
117,227
Government
Al ocations
Source: Department of Energy (DOE) annual Weatherization Program Notices regarding Grantee Al ocations, accessed from the Weatherization Program Guidance
documents library at the National Association for State Community Services Programs (NASCSP). Documents were previously housed on the former Weatherization
Assistance Program Technical Assistance Center (WAPTAC) website. WAPTAC’s resources Changing the amount of appropriations or the formula allocation could increase the number of eligible dwellings that receive weatherization assistance, but such changes alone would not affect the number of dwellings that are ineligible for weatherization services due to the condition of the dwelling or need for repairs.⁵⁸

In addition to altering the existing factors within the WAP's formula allocation, Congress may consider other factors. In the 119^th Congress, several bills would make changes to the WAP. Some proposals, such as S. 1342 and H.R. 1355, would increase per-dwelling funding limits and establish and authorize a weatherization readiness program to make dwelling units ready to receive weatherization measures. Congress has provided funding for weatherization readiness through annual appropriations acts for FY2022 through FY2025.⁵⁹ S. 2570 would reauthorize WAP and increase per-dwelling funding limits, among other changes. Another bill, S. 127, would direct the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to establish a pilot program for a whole-home repairs program that would complement and coordinate with energy efficiency or housing programs, including WAP. Other bills—such as S. 1197, H.R. 2407, and H.R. 150—would include WAP among a list of federal assistance programs for review, consideration, and valuation by proposed commissions, but the bills would not amend the program directly.

Appendix A. State Total Allocations, FY2001-FY2025 Table A-1. Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP): State Allocations, FY2020-FY2025

In current dollars

State

FY2020

FY2021

FY2022

FY2022 IIJA (P.L. 117-58)

FY2023

FY2024

FY2025

Alabama

$3,443,053

$3,155,946

$3,150,810

$47,489,502

$3,394,288

$3,394,288

$3,989,772

Alaska

$2,283,222

$2,177,695

$2,175,806

$18,386,814

$2,265,304

$2,265,304

$2,656,720

Arizona

$2,425,326

$2,132,014

$2,126,768

$47,518,610

$2,375,502

$2,375,502

$2,864,209

Arkansas

$2,729,832

$2,532,999

$2,529,477

$32,895,998

$2,696,401

$2,696,401

$3,153,751

California

$9,107,043

$8,349,546

$8,335,996

$125,309,027

$8,978,384

$8,978,384

$10,105,751

Colorado

$6,940,358

$6,657,253

$6,652,187

$50,064,163

$6,892,292

$6,892,292

$7,019,333

Connecticut

$3,694,901

$3,417,529

$3,412,568

$46,215,781

$3,647,792

$3,647,792

$4,078,409

Delaware

$844,216

$783,257

$782,167

$10,189,866

$833,863

$833,863

$856,362

District of Columbia

$779,056

$749,828

$749,305

$5,229,663

$774,094

$774,094

$790,388

Florida

$3,875,985

$3,292,566

$3,282,132

$93,648,158

$3,776,875

$3,776,875

$4,260,642

Georgia

$4,842,022

$4,324,752

$4,315,500

$84,313,639

$4,754,157

$4,754,157

$5,820,873

Hawaii

$302,402

$280,638

$280,249

$3,641,796

$298,705

$298,705

$353,403

Idaho

$2,539,427

$2,428,866

$2,426,888

$19,398,165

$2,520,655

$2,520,655

$2,742,950

Illinois

$17,420,195

$16,511,511

$16,495,253

$156,248,481

$17,265,893

$17,265,893

$18,063,496

Indiana

$8,886,940

$8,353,685

$8,344,145

$90,475,386

$8,796,381

$8,796,381

$10,026,433

Iowa

$6,147,974

$5,893,595

$5,889,043

$44,904,534

$6,104,786

$6,104,786

$6,511,451

Kansas

$3,291,592

$3,104,047

$3,100,691

$31,974,404

$3,259,743

$3,259,743

$3,565,564

Kentucky

$5,884,213

$5,582,705

$5,577,311

$51,942,185

$5,833,014

$5,833,014

$6,487,875

Louisiana

$2,082,825

$1,894,485

$1,891,116

$30,993,676

$2,050,835

$2,050,835

$2,486,476

Maine

$3,929,166

$3,750,112

$3,746,907

$31,245,144

$3,898,763

$3,898,763

$4,067,543

Maryland

$3,767,334

$3,493,675

$3,488,780

$45,708,416

$3,720,856

$3,720,856

$3,839,743

Massachusetts

$8,509,094

$8,040,682

$8,032,301

$80,115,902

$8,429,550

$8,429,550

$9,174,783

Michigan

$20,160,855

$19,093,962

$19,074,873

$183,184,905

$19,979,684

$19,979,684

$22,378,255

Minnesota

$12,143,741

$11,722,051

$11,714,502

$76,218,512

$12,072,157

$12,072,157

$12,468,563

Mississippi

$2,202,874

$2,034,117

$2,031,098

$28,078,986

$2,174,212

$2,174,212

$2,531,097

Missouri

$7,842,278

$7,388,481

$7,380,362

$77,250,089

$7,765,214

$7,765,214

$8,567,327

Montana

$3,078,176

$2,980,791

$2,979,047

$17,855,261

$3,061,645

$3,061,645

$3,220,533

Nebraska

$3,159,918

$3,019,814

$3,017,307

$24,527,380

$3,136,129

$3,136,129

$3,211,276

Nevada

$1,509,219

$1,357,572

$1,354,860

$24,803,076

$1,483,460

$1,483,460

$1,570,980

New Hampshire

$2,007,085

$1,901,236

$1,899,342

$18,184,438

$1,989,111

$1,989,111

$2,069,252

New Jersey

$7,178,533

$6,656,307

$6,646,966

$87,212,248

$7,089,839

$7,089,839

$7,337,797

New Mexico

$2,508,160

$2,380,135

$2,377,845

$22,066,751

$2,486,420

$2,486,420

$2,636,513

New York

$26,945,581

$25,229,032

$25,198,320

$289,714,086

$26,654,061

$26,654,061

$28,679,863

North Carolina

$6,186,961

$5,642,274

$5,632,532

$89,776,045

$6,094,445

$6,094,445

$6,984,262

North Dakota

$2,971,658

$2,891,278

$2,889,839

$15,131,495

$2,958,017

$2,958,017

$2,996,709

Ohio

$17,866,747

$16,856,226

$16,838,147

$172,384,124

$17,695,143

$17,695,143

$18,646,324

Oklahoma

$3,525,126

$3,271,910

$3,267,381

$42,330,032

$3,482,119

$3,482,119

$3,891,649

Oregon

$3,707,845

$3,531,636

$3,528,483

$30,603,866

$3,677,925

$3,677,925

$4,189,572

Pennsylvania

$19,216,844

$18,125,877

$18,106,358

$186,041,067

$19,031,578

$19,031,578

$20,104,287

Rhode Island

$1,539,247

$1,451,556

$1,449,988

$14,952,774

$1,524,355

$1,524,355

$1,675,556

South Carolina

$2,700,461

$2,440,739

$2,436,093

$42,582,236

$2,656,346

$2,656,346

$3,149,211

South Dakota

$2,316,227

$2,236,681

$2,235,257

$14,404,299

$2,302,723

$2,302,723

$2,350,444

Tennessee

$5,875,208

$5,480,377

$5,473,314

$66,347,259

$5,808,153

$5,808,153

$6,486,433

Texas

$8,976,933

$7,908,820

$7,889,717

$173,162,598

$8,795,494

$8,795,494

$9,715,534

Utah

$2,697,506

$2,573,038

$2,570,810

$21,690,473

$2,676,372

$2,676,372

$2,939,168

Vermont

$1,689,780

$1,604,548

$1,603,024

$14,710,522

$1,675,307

$1,675,307

$1,770,290

Virginia

$5,563,082

$5,171,298

$5,164,290

$65,591,635

$5,496,543

$5,496,543

$6,239,495

Washington

$5,918,599

$5,648,547

$5,643,714

$47,115,447

$5,872,746

$5,872,746

$6,244,932

West Virginia

$3,947,952

$3,784,308

$3,781,380

$28,882,509

$3,920,169

$3,920,169

$4,317,967

Wisconsin

$11,244,641

$10,695,959

$10,686,141

$95,010,515

$11,151,473

$11,151,473

$11,407,508

Wyoming

$1,413,761

$1,372,512

$1,371,773

$7,665,653

$1,406,759

$1,406,759

$1,567,422

Total State Allocations

$299,821,174

$281,358,468

$281,028,163

$3,125,387,591

$296,685,732

$296,685,732

$322,264,146

American Samoa

$213,853

$209,818

$209,741

$823,753

$213,168

$213,168

$213,547

Guam

$228,917

$221,859

$221,734

$1,303,123

$227,718

$227,718

$235,349

Northern Mariana Islands

$216,705

$212,093

$212,010

$914,518

$215,922

$215,922

$217,860

Puerto Rico

$1,379,277

$1,141,978

$1,137,734

$37,912,811

$1,338,964

$1,338,964

$1,832,586

U.S. Virgin Islands

$240,074

$230,784

$230,618

$1,658,204

$238,496

$238,496

$236,512

Total U.S. Territories Allocations

$2,278,826

$2,016,532

$2,011,837

$42,612,409

$2,234,268

$2,234,268

$2,735,854

Navaho Grant

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

Inter-Tribal Council of Arizona Grant

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

Northern Arapahoe Grant

$120,750

$117,227

$117,164

$654,727

$120,152

$120,152

$0

Total Tribal Government Allocations

$120,750

$117,227

$117,164

$654,727

$120,152

$120,152

$0

Source: Department of Energy (DOE) annual Weatherization Program Notices regarding Grantee Allocations, accessed from the Weatherization Program Guidance documents library at the National Association for State Community Services Programs (NASCSP). Documents were previously housed on the former Weatherization Assistance Program Technical Assistance Center (WAPTAC) website. WAPTAC's resources and documents library has since been incorporated into the NASCSP website at https://nascsp.org/wap/waptac/. Notes: Each state allocationand documents library has since been incorporated into the NASCSP
website.
Notes: Each state al ocation is the sum of the state program is the sum of the state program al ocationallocation and the state training and technical assistance and the state training and technical assistance al ocation. allocation. Annual funding allocations for the Weatherization Readiness Fund for FY2022 through FY2025 are not included. The Energy Independence and Security The Energy Independence and Security
Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-140Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-140, §411(c), §411c) added Puerto Rico and other territories) added Puerto Rico and other territories of the of the U.S.United States to the definition of to the definition of “State”"State" for the purpose of funding for the purpose of funding al ocations. allocations. Beginning with Beginning with
Program Year 2009, the territoriesProgram Year 2009, the territories of Americanof American Samoa, Guam, CommonwealthSamoa, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Commonwealthof the Northern Mariana Islands, Commonwealth of Puerto Ricoof Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin and the U.S. Virgin
Islands wereIslands were added to the program.added to the program. Tribal Government Tribal Government Al ocations Allocations are derived from state are derived from state al ocations: allocations: Navaho Grant Navaho Grant al ocationsallocations are from Arizona and New Mexico are from Arizona and New Mexico st ate
al ocationsstate allocations; Inter-Tribal Council of Arizona Grant ; Inter-Tribal Council of Arizona Grant al ocationsallocations are from Arizona are from Arizona al ocationsallocations; and Northern Arapahoe Grant ; and Northern Arapahoe Grant allocations are from Wyoming are from Wyoming al ocations.

CRS-13

---

allocations. Table A-2. Table A-2. Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP): State Allocations:, FY2010-FY2019

In current dollars

State

FY2010

FY2011

FY2012^a

FY2013

FY2014

FY2015

FY2016

FY2017

FY2018

FY2019

Alabama

$1,882,352

$1,822,292

$0

$1,875,979

$337,245

$2,047,091

$2,277,174

$2,414,515

$2,669,966

$2,849,629

Alaska

$1,329,537

$1,287,597

$0

$1,322,690

$237,780

$1,463,587

$1,630,495

$1,727,958

$1,909,237

$2,053,765

Arizona

$952,279

$855,295

$0

$487,020

$157,651

$997,882

$1,109,782

$1,408,970

$1,555,787

$1,831,626

Arkansas

$1,622,103

$1,570,573

$0

$1,615,506

$290,420

$1,668,947

$1,868,107

$1,980,223

$2,188,755

$2,318,929

California

$4,917,928

$4,758,371

$1,649,091

$1,523,628

$883,418

$5,244,959

$5,857,131

$6,215,232

$6,881,295

$7,540,160

Colorado

$4,307,729

$4,168,171

$0

$4,303,435

$773,629

$4,590,704

$5,134,641

$5,448,189

$6,031,384

$6,314,441

Connecticut

$1,972,276

$1,909,269

$1,319,737

$500,092

$353,424

$2,201,899

$2,450,480

$2,598,507

$2,873,837

$3,117,380

Delaware

$460,428

$446,976

$0

$452,837

$81,406

$517,552

$572,294

$604,501

$664,407

$717,370

District of Columbia

$519,060

$503,686

$458,248

$511,519

$91,956

$538,874

$597,118

$630,856

$693,610

$714,233

Florida

$1,484,081

$1,437,075

$0

$709,416

$265,586

$1,698,578

$1,886,281

$1,999,517

$2,210,133

$2,705,406

Georgia

$2,282,504

$2,209,329

$1,018,734

$2,276,474

$409,242

$2,533,810

$2,829,878

$3,001,301

$3,320,146

$3,788,068

Hawaii

$169,266

$165,356

$54,373

$76,406

$29,019

$195,448

$206,123

$215,750

$233,658

$257,473

Idaho

$1,558,041

$1,508,611

$1,388,688

$1,551,391

$278,893

$1,673,179

$1,862,705

$1,974,487

$2,182,400

$2,297,304

Illinois

$10,844,851

$10,491,023

$4,852,662

$10,846,159

$1,949,814

$11,175,446

$12,503,393

$13,271,340

$14,699,712

$15,465,764

Indiana

$5,137,920

$4,971,150

$0

$4,440,679

$923,000

$5,551,898

$6,193,959

$6,572,830

$7,277,526

$7,755,598

Iowa

$3,918,674

$3,791,869

$0

$3,797,481

$703,628

$4,105,176

$4,591,815

$4,871,889

$5,392,824

$5,586,637

Kansas

$1,988,468

$1,924,929

$1,774,148

$1,863,608

$356,337

$2,112,717

$2,360,701

$2,503,192

$2,768,223

$2,892,165

Kentucky

$3,547,808

$3,433,159

$3,170,588

$3,177,017

$636,901

$3,814,133

$4,260,696

$4,520,352

$5,003,308

$5,234,906

Louisiana

$1,340,633

$1,298,329

$596,996

$529,968

$239,776

$1,214,531

$1,345,356

$1,425,235

$1,573,809

$1,695,764

Maine

$2,415,842

$2,338,296

$2,156,877

$766,699

$433,233

$2,594,260

$2,890,611

$3,065,779

$3,391,590

$3,538,802

Maryland

$2,083,502

$2,016,848

$0

$403,370

$373,437

$2,259,316

$2,524,106

$2,676,673

$2,960,448

$3,196,150

Massachusetts

$5,137,610

$4,970,851

$4,594,307

$5,064,575

$922,944

$5,426,786

$6,058,804

$6,429,341

$7,118,536

$7,507,308

Michigan

$11,910,904

$11,522,133

$3,997,503

$11,913,125

$2,141,623

$12,862,926

$14,397,981

$15,282,760

$16,928,436

$17,869,403

Minnesota

$7,739,554

$7,487,510

$0

$4,015,528

$1,391,096

$8,193,811

$9,157,907

$9,719,552

$10,764,207

$11,190,371

Mississippi

$1,290,592

$1,249,929

$574,589

$249,986

$230,773

$1,348,340

$1,499,412

$1,588,790

$1,755,035

$1,852,245

Missouri

$4,703,704

$4,551,167

$0

$3,440,907

$844,874

$4,977,015

$5,564,897

$5,904,977

$6,537,523

$6,876,381

Montana

$1,987,207

$1,923,710

$886,510

$676,220

$356,110

$2,101,326

$2,346,361

$2,487,968

$2,751,354

$2,855,298

Nebraska

$1,964,240

$1,901,497

$657,170

$380,299

$351,978

$2,098,732

$2,342,735

$2,484,118

$2,747,089

$2,853,612

Nevada

$662,859

$642,771

$587,023

$655,441

$117,829

$797,304

$871,308

$921,955

$1,016,157

$1,199,608

New Hampshire

$1,193,071

$1,155,605

$530,923

$1,186,106

$213,227

$1,292,380

$1,438,061

$1,523,657

$1,682,864

$1,780,183

New Jersey

$3,999,259

$3,869,812

$0

$773,962

$718,127

$4,308,921

$4,807,576

$5,100,955

$5,646,638

$6,088,137

New Mexico

$1,369,544

$1,326,143

$610,245

$889,637

$243,456

$1,475,444

$1,646,802

$1,923,264

$2,125,643

$2,232,675

New York

$15,786,616

$15,270,806

$14,130,828

$15,792,155

$2,838,955

$16,761,187

$18,794,102

$19,949,970

$22,099,866

$23,321,618

North Carolina

$3,249,190

$3,144,329

$0

$2,065,144

$583,172

$3,505,540

$3,916,921

$4,155,377

$4,598,903

$5,064,596

North Dakota

$1,969,451

$1,906,536

$0

$1,963,153

$352,916

$2,087,315

$2,328,127

$2,468,609

$2,729,905

$2,782,844

Ohio

$10,762,015

$10,410,903

$0

$10,763,252

$1,934,910

$11,336,518

$12,670,127

$13,448,355

$14,895,852

$15,710,535

Oklahoma

$2,029,472

$1,964,590

$679,076

$2,023,225

$363,715

$2,166,950

$2,426,960

$2,573,537

$2,846,169

$2,996,202

Oregon

$2,222,843

$2,151,623

$1,488,030

$2,216,762

$398,507

$2,422,447

$2,696,844

$2,860,063

$3,163,650

$3,325,518

Pennsylvania

$11,519,998

$11,144,041

$3,866,228

$2,228,808

$2,071,290

$12,320,702

$13,754,306

$14,599,392

$16,171,240

16,889,762

Rhode Island

$916,134

$887,744

$813,840

$232,526

$163,399

$986,095

$1,094,465

$1,158,873

$1,278,670

$1,352,790

South Carolina

$1,388,815

$1,344,931

$927,855

$1,382,018

$248,446

$1,495,042

$1,666,574

$1,766,261

$1,951,678

$2,168,457

South Dakota

$1,513,071

$1,465,115

$505,656

$1,506,381

$270,802

$1,591,553

$1,776,878

$1,883,366

$2,081,435

$2,136,561

Tennessee

$3,278,362

$3,172,544

$0

$634,509

$588,421

$3,619,816

$4,036,524

$4,282,355

$4,739,600

$5,045,797

Texas

$4,294,261

$4,155,146

$0

$4,289,956

$771,205

$4,657,454

$5,165,132

$5,480,562

$6,067,254

$6,811,752

Utah

$1,638,680

$1,586,608

$730,451

$415,578

$293,403

$1,763,864

$1,970,108

$2,088,513

$2,308,745

$2,426,710

Vermont

$1,012,458

$980,912

$0

$1,005,339

$180,730

$1,101,981

$1,228,156

$1,300,807

$1,435,939

$1,506,339

Virginia

$3,148,212

$3,046,661

$0

$3,142,923

$565,003

$3,363,309

$3,761,099

$3,989,946

$4,415,600

$4,743,147

Washington

$3,570,881

$3,455,476

$3,191,250

$2,109,133

$641,052

$3,885,453

$4,325,258

$4,588,895

$5,079,256

$5,329,638

West Virginia

$2,525,991

$2,444,834

$1,127,759

$2,520,169

$453,051

$2,668,468

$2,977,505

$3,158,033

$3,493,809

$3,587,126

Wisconsin

$6,726,647

$6,507,803

$6,017,339

$6,564,418

$1,208,850

$7,283,668

$8,147,306

$8,646,632

$9,575,373

$10,056,393

Wyoming

$852,525

$826,080

$378,719

$744,539

$152,077

$894,620

$996,423

$1,055,049

$1,164,090

$1,205,819

Total State Allocations

$175,099,448

$169,376,014

$64,735,443

$133,877,148

$31,417,736

$186,994,954

$208,817,505

$221,949,228

$245,652,571

$260,638,395

American Samoa

$154,860

$151,424

$132,094

$147,007

$26,427

$162,559

$175,791

$183,546

$197,970

$204,166

Guam

$158,948

$155,377

$0

$31,075

$27,163

$167,227

$180,948

$189,022

$204,041

$213,233

Northern Mariana Islands

$155,635

$152,172

$0

$39,858

$26,566

$163,441

$176,764

$184,581

$199,120

$205,882

Puerto Rico

$647,129

$627,557

$0

$405,670

$114,998

$725,059

$797,260

$843,340

$929,049

$905,767

U.S. Virgin Islands

$161,976

$158,306

$0

$31,661

$27,708

$170,688

$184,770

$193,080

$208,538

$219,950

Total U.S. Territories Allocations

$1,278,548

$1,244,836

$132,094

$655,271

$222,862

$1,388,974

$1,515,533

$1,593,569

$1,738,718

$1,748,998

Navaho Grant

$242,391

$234,760

$0

$46,952

$44,991

$268,138

$300,659

$0

$0

$0

Inter-Tribal Council of Arizona Grant

$0

$67,245

$61,729

$48,013

$12,395

$78,448

$87,250

$0

$0

$0

Northern Arapahoe Grant

$79,614

$77,145

$70,734

$68,947

$14,202

$83,546

$93,053

$98,528

$108,711

$112,607

Total Tribal Government Allocations

$322,005

$379,150

$132,463

$163,912

$71,588

$430,132

$480,962

$98,528

$108,711

$112,607

Source: Department of Energy (DOE) annual Weatherization Program Notices regarding Grantee Allocations, accessed from the Weatherization Program Guidance documents library at the National Association for State Community Services Programs (NASCSP). Documents were previously housed on the former Weatherization Assistance Program Technical Assistance Center (WAPTAC) website. WAPTAC's resources In current dol ars
Region/
State
FY2010
FY2011
FY2012
FY2013
FY2014
FY2015
FY2016
FY2017
FY2018
FY2019
Alabama
$1,882,352
$1,822,292
$0
$1,875,979
$337,245
$2,047,091
$2,277,174
$2,414,515
$2,669,966
$2,849,629
Alaska
1,329,537
1,287,597
0
1,322,690
237,780
1,463,587
1,630,495
1,727,958
1,909,237
2,053,765
Arizona
952,279
855,295
0
487,020
157,651
997,882
1,109,782
1,408,970
1,555,787
1,831,626
Arkansas
1,622,103
1,570,573
0
1,615,506
290,420
1,668,947
1,868,107
1,980,223
2,188,755
2,318,929
California
4,917,928
4,758,371
1,649,091
1,523,628
883,418
5,244,959
5,857,131
6,215,232
6,881,295
7,540,160
Colorado
4,307,729
4,168,171
0
4,303,435
773,629
4,590,704
5,134,641
5,448,189
6,031,384
6,314,441
Connecticut
1,972,276
1,909,269
1,319,737
500,092
353,424
2,201,899
2,450,480
2,598,507
2,873,837
3,117,380
Delaware
460,428
446,976
0
452,837
81,406
517,552
572,294
604,501
664,407
717,370
District of
519,060
503,686
458,248
511,519
91,956
538,874
597,118
630,856
693,610
714,233
Columbia
Florida
1,484,081
1,437,075
0
709,416
265,586
1,698,578
1,886,281
1,999,517
2,210,133
2,705,406
Georgia
2,282,504
2,209,329
1,018,734
2,276,474
409,242
2,533,810
2,829,878
3,001,301
3,320,146
3,788,068
Hawai
169,266
165,356
54,373
76,406
29,019
195,448
206,123
215,750
233,658
257,473
Idaho
1,558,041
1,508,611
1,388,688
1,551,391
278,893
1,673,179
1,862,705
1,974,487
2,182,400
2,297,304
Il inois
10,844,851
10,491,023
4,852,662
10,846,159
1,949,814
11,175,446
12,503,393
13,271,340
14,699,712
15,465,764
Indiana
5,137,920
4,971,150
0
4,440,679
923,000
5,551,898
6,193,959
6,572,830
7,277,526
7,755,598
Iowa
3,918,674
3,791,869
0
3,797,481
703,628
4,105,176
4,591,815
4,871,889
5,392,824
5,586,637
Kansas
1,988,468
1,924,929
1,774,148
1,863,608
356,337
2,112,717
2,360,701
2,503,192
2,768,223
2,892,165
Kentucky
3,547,808
3,433,159
3,170,588
3,177,017
636,901
3,814,133
4,260,696
4,520,352
5,003,308
5,234,906
Louisiana
1,340,633
1,298,329
596,996
529,968
239,776
1,214,531
1,345,356
1,425,235
1,573,809
1,695,764
Maine
2,415,842
2,338,296
2,156,877
766,699
433,233
2,594,260
2,890,611
3,065,779
3,391,590
3,538,802
Maryland
2,083,502
2,016,848
0
403,370
373,437
2,259,316
2,524,106
2,676,673
2,960,448
3,196,150
CRS-14

---

Region/
State
FY2010
FY2011
FY2012
FY2013
FY2014
FY2015
FY2016
FY2017
FY2018
FY2019
Massachusetts
5,137,610
4,970,851
4,594,307
5,064,575
922,944
5,426,786
6,058,804
6,429,341
7,118,536
7,507,308
Michigan
11,910,904
11,522,133
3,997,503
11,913,125
2,141,623
12,862,926
14,397,981
15,282,760
16,928,436
17,869,403
Minnesota
7,739,554
7,487,510
0
4,015,528
1,391,096
8,193,811
9,157,907
9,719,552
10,764,207
11,190,371
Mississippi
1,290,592
1,249,929
574,589
249,986
230,773
1,348,340
1,499,412
1,588,790
1,755,035
1,852,245
Missouri
4,703,704
4,551,167
0
3,440,907
844,874
4,977,015
5,564,897
5,904,977
6,537,523
6,876,381
Montana
1,987,207
1,923,710
886,510
676,220
356,110
2,101,326
2,346,361
2,487,968
2,751,354
2,855,298
Nebraska
1,964,240
1,901,497
657,170
380,299
351,978
2,098,732
2,342,735
2,484,118
2,747,089
2,853,612
Nevada
662,859
642,771
587,023
655,441
117,829
797,304
871,308
921,955
1,016,157
1,199,608
New
1,193,071
1,155,605
530,923
1,186,106
213,227
1,292,380
1,438,061
1,523,657
1,682,864
1,780,183
Hampshire
New Jersey
3,999,259
3,869,812
0
773,962
718,127
4,308,921
4,807,576
5,100,955
5,646,638
6,088,137
New Mexico
1,369,544
1,326,143
610,245
889,637
243,456
1,475,444
1,646,802
1,923,264
2,125,643
2,232,675
New York
15,786,616
15,270,806
14,130,828
15,792,155
2,838,955
16,761,187
18,794,102
19,949,970
22,099,866
23,321,618
North
3,249,190
3,144,329
0
2,065,144
583,172
3,505,540
3,916,921
4,155,377
4,598,903
5,064,596
Carolina
North Dakota
1,969,451
1,906,536
0
1,963,153
352,916
2,087,315
2,328,127
2,468,609
2,729,905
2,782,844
Ohio
10,762,015
10,410,903
0
10,763,252
1,934,910
11,336,518
12,670,127
13,448,355
14,895,852
15,710,535
Oklahoma
2,029,472
1,964,590
679,076
2,023,225
363,715
2,166,950
2,426,960
2,573,537
2,846,169
2,996,202
Oregon
2,222,843
2,151,623
1,488,030
2,216,762
398,507
2,422,447
2,696,844
2,860,063
3,163,650
3,325,518
Pennsylvania
11,519,998
11,144,041
3,866,228
2,228,808
2,071,290
12,320,702
13,754,306
14,599,392
16,171,240
16,889,762
Rhode Island
916,134
887,744
813,840
232,526
163,399
986,095
1,094,465
1,158,873
1,278,670
1,352,790
South Carolina
1,388,815
1,344,931
927,855
1,382,018
248,446
1,495,042
1,666,574
1,766,261
1,951,678
2,168,457
South Dakota
1,513,071
1,465,115
505,656
1,506,381
270,802
1,591,553
1,776,878
1,883,366
2,081,435
2,136,561
Tennessee
3,278,362
3,172,544
0
634,509
588,421
3,619,816
4,036,524
4,282,355
4,739,600
5,045,797
Texas
4,294,261
4,155,146
0
4,289,956
771,205
4,657,454
5,165,132
5,480,562
6,067,254
6,811,752
CRS-15

---

Region/
State
FY2010
FY2011
FY2012
FY2013
FY2014
FY2015
FY2016
FY2017
FY2018
FY2019
Utah
1,638,680
1,586,608
730,451
415,578
293,403
1,763,864
1,970,108
2,088,513
2,308,745
2,426,710
Vermont
1,012,458
980,912
0
1,005,339
180,730
1,101,981
1,228,156
1,300,807
1,435,939
1,506,339
Virginia
3,148,212
3,046,661
0
3,142,923
565,003
3,363,309
3,761,099
3,989,946
4,415,600
4,743,147
Washington
3,570,881
3,455,476
3,191,250
2,109,133
641,052
3,885,453
4,325,258
4,588,895
5,079,256
5,329,638
West Virginia
2,525,991
2,444,834
1,127,759
2,520,169
453,051
2,668,468
2,977,505
3,158,033
3,493,809
3,587,126
Wisconsin
6,726,647
6,507,803
6,017,339
6,564,418
1,208,850
7,283,668
8,147,306
8,646,632
9,575,373
10,056,393
Wyoming
852,525
826,080
378,719
744,539
152,077
894,620
996,423
1,055,049
1,164,090
1,205,819
Total State
175,099,448
169,376,014
64,735,443
133,877,148
31,417,736
186,994,954
208,817,505
221,949,228
245,652,571
260,638,395
Al ocation
American
154,860
151,424
132,094
147,007
26,427
162,559
175,791
183,546
197,970
204,166
Samoa
Guam
158,948
155,377
0
31,075
27,163
167,227
180,948
189,022
204,041
213,233
Northern
155,635
152,172
0
39,858
26,566
163,441
176,764
184,581
199,120
205,882
Mariana Islands
Puerto Rico
647,129
627,557
0
405,670
114,998
725,059
797,260
843,340
929,049
905,767
Virgin Islands
161,976
158,306
0
31,661
27,708
170,688
184,770
193,080
208,538
219,950
Total U.S.
1,278,548
1,244,836
132,094
655,271
222,862
1,388,974
1,515,533
1,593,569
1,738,718
1,748,998
Territories
Al ocations











Navaho Grant
242,391
234,760
0
46,952
44,991
268,138
300,659
0
0
0
Inter-Tribal
0
67,245
61,729
48,013
12,395
78,448
87,250
0
0
0
Council of
Arizona Grant
Northern
79,614
77,145
70,734
68,947
14,202
83,546
93,053
98,528
108,711
112,607
Arapahoe
Grant
CRS-16

---

Region/
State
FY2010
FY2011
FY2012
FY2013
FY2014
FY2015
FY2016
FY2017
FY2018
FY2019
Total Tribal
322,005
379,150
132,463
163,912
71,588
430,132
480,962
98,528
108,711
112,607
Government
Al ocations
Source: Department of Energy (DOE) annual Weatherization Program Notices regarding Grantee Al ocations, accessed from the Weatherization Program Guidance
documents library at the National Association for State Community Services Programs (NASCSP). Documents were previously housed on the former Weatherization
Assistance Program Technical Assistance Center (WAPTAC) website. WAPTAC’s resources and documents library has since been incorporated into the NASCSP
website.
and documents library has since been incorporated into the NASCSP website at https://nascsp.org/wap/waptac/. Notes: Each state Each state al ocationallocation is the sum of the state program is the sum of the state program al ocationallocation and the state training and technical assistance and the state training and technical assistance al ocation. allocation. The Energy Independence and Security The Energy Independence and Security
Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-140Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-140, §411(c), §411c) added Puerto Rico and other territories) added Puerto Rico and other territories of the of the U.S.United States to the definition of to the definition of “State”"State" for the purpose of funding for the purpose of funding al ocations. allocations. Beginning with Beginning with
Program Year 2009, the territoriesProgram Year 2009, the territories of Americanof American Samoa, Guam, CommonwealthSamoa, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Commonwealthof the Northern Mariana Islands, Commonwealth of Puerto Ricoof Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin and the U.S. Virgin
Islands wereIslands were added to the program.added to the program. Tribal Government Tribal Government Al ocations Allocations are derived from state are derived from state al ocations: allocations: Navaho Grant Navaho Grant al ocationsallocations are from Arizona and New Mexico state are from Arizona and New Mexico state
al ocationsallocations; Inter-Tribal Council of Arizona Grant ; Inter-Tribal Council of Arizona Grant al ocationsallocations are from Arizona are from Arizona al ocationsallocations; and Northern Arapahoe Grant ; and Northern Arapahoe Grant allocations are from Wyoming are from Wyoming al ocations.


CRS-17

---

Table A-3. Table A-3. Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP): State Allocations: FY2001-FY2009 ARRA
In current dol ars
Region/
FY2009 ARRA
State
FY2001
FY2002
FY2003
FY2004
FY2005
FY2006
FY2007
FY2008
FY2009
(P.L. 111-5)
Alabama
$1,620,906
$2,437,309
$2,365,903
$2,407,556
$2,417,993
$2,724,123
$2,154,306
$2,396,413
$5,458,962
$71,800,599
Alaska
1,148,143
1,700,925
1,651,545
1,680,350
1,687,568
1,734,314
1,505,217
1,672,643
2,553,917
18,142,580
Arizona
914,996
1,375,478
1,335,832
1,358,959
1,364,754
1,443,174
1,096,515
1,128,755
3,670,756
57,023,278
Arkansas
1,394,048
2,096,068
2,034,869
2,070,568
2,079,513
2,202,800
1,853,518
2,061,017
4,031,570
48,114,415
California
4,238,044
6,374,011
6,184,856
6,295,195
6,322,844
7,085,364
5,624,334
6,265,676
14,161,143
185,811,061
Colorado
3,689,256
5,548,524
5,384,059
5,479,996
5,504,036
5,678,125
4,896,704
5,454,329
9,122,025
79,531,213
Connecticut
1,687,796
2,537,924
2,463,509
2,506,917
2,517,795
2,759,107
2,242,994
2,495,304
5,315,348
64,310,502
Delaware
387,168
581,518
565,620
574,894
577,217
612,727
518,509
572,412
1,183,372
13,733,668
District of
437,201
656,778
638,629
649,216
651,868
712,764
584,848
646,384
998,697
8,089,022
Columbia
Florida
1,317,877
1,981,492
1,923,719
1,957,419
1,965,864
2,592,639
1,752,523
1,948,403
9,885,233
175,984,474
Georgia
1,971,410
2,964,538
2,877,362
2,928,214
2,940,956
3,339,105
2,619,035
2,914,609
8,294,558
124,756,312
Hawai
137,693
206,257
201,583
204,314
204,993
234,987
187,733
203,581
393,559
4,041,461
Idaho
1,328,717
1,997,798
1,939,538
1,973,522
1,982,038
2,076,784
1,766,897
1,964,431
3,366,002
30,341,929
Il inois
9,323,696
14,023,856
13,605,888
13,849,700
13,910,793
14,349,500
12,367,330
13,784,473
24,070,095
242,526,619
Indiana
4,410,532
6,633,467
6,436,551
6,551,417
6,580,199
6,762,132
5,853,032
6,520,687
12,342,276
131,847,383
Iowa
3,359,006
5,051,761
4,902,155
4,989,424
5,011,292
5,153,879
4,458,829
4,966,077
8,578,634
80,834,411
Kansas
1,703,713
2,561,867
2,486,735
2,530,561
2,541,543
2,706,214
2,264,099
2,518,837
5,001,886
56,441,771
Kentucky
3,042,989
4,576,408
4,441,020
4,519,996
4,539,785
4,761,929
4,039,827
4,498,867
7,640,899
70,913,750
Louisiana
1,165,702
1,752,591
1,701,665
1,731,371
1,738,815
1,997,309
1,550,758
1,723,424
3,623,154
50,657,478
Maine
2,065,666
3,106,317
3,014,901
3,068,227
3,081,589
3,240,063
2,744,008
3,053,961
4,924,673
41,935,015
Maryland
1,785,842
2,685,405
2,606,578
2,652,560
2,664,081
2,897,804
2,372,992
2,640,259
5,280,336
61,441,745
CRS-18

---

Region/
FY2009 ARRA
State
FY2001
FY2002
FY2003
FY2004
FY2005
FY2006
FY2007
FY2008
FY2009
(P.L. 111-5)
Massachusetts
4,408,639
6,630,621
6,433,790
6,548,606
6,577,376
6,938,192
5,850,524
6,517,890
11,794,866
122,077,457
Michigan
10,226,257
15,381,490
14,922,914
15,190,413
15,257,442
15,446,624
13,564,024
15,118,849
25,949,859
243,398,975
Minnesota
6,646,224
9,979,183
9,682,194
9,855,435
9,898,845
10,154,727
8,802,132
9,809,089
15,972,943
131,937,411
Mississippi
1,109,916
1,668,677
1,620,261
1,648,503
1,655,581
1,850,660
1,476,791
1,640,948
3,744,293
49,421,193
Missouri
4,041,710
6,078,686
5,898,363
6,003,549
6,029,907
6,368,172
5,364,017
5,975,410
11,566,101
128,148,027
Montana
1,710,249
2,550,624
2,475,828
2,519,458
2,530,390
2,623,349
2,254,188
2,507,786
3,760,263
26,543,777
Nebraska
1,679,110
2,524,859
2,450,834
2,494,014
2,504,834
2,586,397
2,231,477
2,482,462
4,372,276
41,644,458
Nevada
562,559
845,342
821,553
835,429
838,908
946,130
751,059
831,718
2,547,725
37,281,937
New
1,015,772
1,527,066
1,482,885
1,508,657
1,515,114
1,593,171
1,351,967
1,501,762
2,533,628
23,218,594
Hampshire
New Jersey
3,435,381
5,166,645
5,013,603
5,102,877
5,125,246
5,266,959
4,560,095
5,078,993
10,124,722
118,821,296
New Mexico
1,160,650
1,744,160
1,876,873
1,723,006
1,730,427
1,857,690
1,542,148
1,714,483
2,927,997
26,855,604
New York
13,579,110
20,424,856
19,815,430
20,170,923
20,259,998
21,818,047
18,009,524
20,075,816
36,654,490
394,686,513
North Carolina
2,799,730
4,210,497
4,086,054
4,158,644
4,176,834
4,576,429
3,717,293
4,139,225
9,766,765
131,954,536
North Dakota
1,695,918
2,527,852
2,453,738
2,496,970
2,507,804
2,589,151
2,234,117
2,485,405
3,679,322
25,266,330
Ohio
9,250,620
13,913,935
13,499,255
13,741,148
13,801,761
14,242,973
12,270,440
13,676,435
25,174,465
266,781,409
Oklahoma
1,744,765
2,623,617
2,546,639
2,591,542
2,602,794
2,831,669
2,318,528
2,579,529
5,150,319
60,903,196
Oregon
1,899,540
2,856,430
2,772,488
2,821,454
2,833,724
2,921,655
2,523,743
2,808,354
4,563,299
38,512,236
Pennsylvania
9,901,139
14,892,448
14,448,499
14,707,466
14,772,357
15,101,584
13,132,955
14,638,184
25,400,552
252,793,062
Rhode Island
778,507
1,170,171
1,136,666
1,156,210
1,161,108
1,253,702
1,037,381
1,150,982
2,022,878
20,073,615
South Carolina
1,195,436
1,797,316
1,745,053
1,775,540
1,783,179
1,982,643
1,590,182
1,767,384
4,242,330
58,892,771
South Dakota
1,290,524
1,940,347
1,883,806
1,916,788
1,925,053
1,991,514
1,716,257
1,907,964
3,020,139
24,487,296
Tennessee
2,815,179
4,233,736
4,108,598
4,181,594
4,199,886
4,534,180
3,737,777
4,162,066
8,571,222
99,112,101
Texas
3,753,569
5,645,264
5,477,906
5,575,530
5,599,993
6,607,385
4,981,976
5,549,413
19,793,889
326,975,732
CRS-19

---

Region/
FY2009 ARRA
State
FY2001
FY2002
FY2003
FY2004
FY2005
FY2006
FY2007
FY2008
FY2009
(P.L. 111-5)
Utah
1,398,486
2,102,745
2,041,346
2,077,161
2,086,136
2,161,298
1,859,403
2,067,579
3,818,075
37,897,203
Vermont
860,443
1,293,419
1,256,227
1,277,921
1,283,358
1,353,926
1,146,018
1,272,118
2,021,240
16,842,576
Virginia
2,704,200
4,066,802
3,946,656
4,016,741
4,034,302
4,344,862
3,590,631
3,997,991
8,025,937
94,134,276
Washington
3,056,649
4,596,956
4,460,953
4,540,287
4,560,166
4,688,820
4,057,939
4,519,063
7,243,701
59,545,074
West Virginia
2,162,350
3,251,749
3,155,983
3,211,847
3,225,843
3,320,985
2,872,199
3,196,901
4,817,624
37,583,874
Wisconsin
5,768,714
8,676,447
8,418,423
8,568,935
8,606,650
8,800,191
7,653,827
8,528,669
14,966,407
141,502,133
Wyoming
793,133
1,188,724
1,154,664
1,174,532
1,179,511
1,221,639
1,053,735
1,069,354
1,550,974
10,239,261
Total State
150,574,880
226,360,956
219,849,999
223,571,556
224,550,063
237,039,567
199,706,355
222,202,364
425,675,396
4,665,810,609
Al ocation











American
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
196,784
719,511
Samoa
Guam
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
198,908
1,119,297
Northern
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
197,186
795,206
Mariana Islands
Puerto Rico
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
452,558
48,865,588
Virgin Islands
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
200,481
1,415,429
Total U.S.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,245,917
52,915,031
Territories
Al ocations











Navaho Grant
125,123
189,041
1,176,405
186,724
187,537
362,433
289,645
321,735
703,848
0
Inter-Tribal
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
88,741
102,138
0
Council of
Arizona Grant
Northern
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
99,863
144,840
0
Arapahoe Grant
CRS-20

---

Region/
FY2009 ARRA
State
FY2001
FY2002
FY2003
FY2004
FY2005
FY2006
FY2007
FY2008
FY2009
(P.L. 111-5)
Total Tribal
125,123
189,041
1,176,405
186,724
187,537
362,433
289,645
510,339
950,826
0
Government
Al ocations
Source: Department of Energy (DOE) annual Weatherization Program Notices regarding Grantee Al ocations, accessed from the Weatherizat ion Program Guidance
documents library at the National Association for State Community Services Programs (NASCSP). Documents were previously housed on the former Weatherization
Assistance Program Technical Assistance Center (WAPTAC) website. WAPTAC’s resources allocations.

a. The FY 2012 Energy and Water Appropriations Act (P.L. 112-74) provided $68,000,000 in funding for WAP. According to DOE, "Congress also provided the DOE Secretary authority to waive the allocation formula established in the WAP regulations for Program Year 2012." As such, DOE stated that "The Secretary is exercising the provided authority and funds are being allocated in an effort to provide States WAP funding in PY2012 at a level comparable to funding levels prior to the Recovery Act, with consideration of carryover funding available to States and the funding level provided through FY2012 appropriations. There will be Grantees that will receive no new DOE funding for FY 2012." For more information, see DOE, "Progam Year 2012 Grantee Allocations," Weatherization Program Notice 12-2, February 8, 2012.

Table A-3. Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP): State Allocations, FY2001-FY2009 ARRA

In current dollars

State

FY2001

FY2002

FY2003

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

FY2008

FY2009

FY2009 ARRA (P.L. 111-5)

Alabama

$1,620,906

$2,437,309

$2,365,903

$2,407,556

$2,417,993

$2,724,123

$2,154,306

$2,396,413

$5,458,962

$71,800,599

Alaska

$1,148,143

$1,700,925

$1,651,545

$1,680,350

$1,687,568

$1,734,314

$1,505,217

$1,672,643

$2,553,917

$18,142,580

Arizona

$914,996

$1,375,478

$1,335,832

$1,358,959

$1,364,754

$1,443,174

$1,096,515

$1,128,755

$3,670,756

$57,023,278

Arkansas

$1,394,048

$2,096,068

$2,034,869

$2,070,568

$2,079,513

$2,202,800

$1,853,518

$2,061,017

$4,031,570

$48,114,415

California

$4,238,044

$6,374,011

$6,184,856

$6,295,195

$6,322,844

$7,085,364

$5,624,334

$6,265,676

$14,161,143

$185,811,061

Colorado

$3,689,256

$5,548,524

$5,384,059

$5,479,996

$5,504,036

$5,678,125

$4,896,704

$5,454,329

$9,122,025

$79,531,213

Connecticut

$1,687,796

$2,537,924

$2,463,509

$2,506,917

$2,517,795

$2,759,107

$2,242,994

$2,495,304

$5,315,348

$64,310,502

Delaware

$387,168

$581,518

$565,620

$574,894

$577,217

$612,727

$518,509

$572,412

$1,183,372

$13,733,668

District of Columbia

$437,201

$656,778

$638,629

$649,216

$651,868

$712,764

$584,848

$646,384

$998,697

$8,089,022

Florida

$1,317,877

$1,981,492

$1,923,719

$1,957,419

$1,965,864

$2,592,639

$1,752,523

$1,948,403

$9,885,233

$175,984,474

Georgia

$1,971,410

$2,964,538

$2,877,362

$2,928,214

$2,940,956

$3,339,105

$2,619,035

$2,914,609

$8,294,558

$124,756,312

Hawaii

$137,693

$206,257

$201,583

$204,314

$204,993

$234,987

$187,733

$203,581

$393,559

$4,041,461

Idaho

$1,328,717

$1,997,798

$1,939,538

$1,973,522

$1,982,038

$2,076,784

$1,766,897

$1,964,431

$3,366,002

$30,341,929

Illinois

$9,323,696

$14,023,856

$13,605,888

$13,849,700

$13,910,793

$14,349,500

$12,367,330

$13,784,473

$24,070,095

$242,526,619

Indiana

$4,410,532

$6,633,467

$6,436,551

$6,551,417

$6,580,199

$6,762,132

$5,853,032

$6,520,687

$12,342,276

$131,847,383

Iowa

$3,359,006

$5,051,761

$4,902,155

$4,989,424

$5,011,292

$5,153,879

$4,458,829

$4,966,077

$8,578,634

$80,834,411

Kansas

$1,703,713

$2,561,867

$2,486,735

$2,530,561

$2,541,543

$2,706,214

$2,264,099

$2,518,837

$5,001,886

$56,441,771

Kentucky

$3,042,989

$4,576,408

$4,441,020

$4,519,996

$4,539,785

$4,761,929

$4,039,827

$4,498,867

$7,640,899

$70,913,750

Louisiana

$1,165,702

$1,752,591

$1,701,665

$1,731,371

$1,738,815

$1,997,309

$1,550,758

$1,723,424

$3,623,154

$50,657,478

Maine

$2,065,666

$3,106,317

$3,014,901

$3,068,227

$3,081,589

$3,240,063

$2,744,008

$3,053,961

$4,924,673

$41,935,015

Maryland

$1,785,842

$2,685,405

$2,606,578

$2,652,560

$2,664,081

$2,897,804

$2,372,992

$2,640,259

$5,280,336

$61,441,745

Massachusetts

$4,408,639

$6,630,621

$6,433,790

$6,548,606

$6,577,376

$6,938,192

$5,850,524

$6,517,890

$11,794,866

$122,077,457

Michigan

$10,226,257

$15,381,490

$14,922,914

$15,190,413

$15,257,442

$15,446,624

$13,564,024

$15,118,849

$25,949,859

$243,398,975

Minnesota

$6,646,224

$9,979,183

$9,682,194

$9,855,435

$9,898,845

$10,154,727

$8,802,132

$9,809,089

$15,972,943

$131,937,411

Mississippi

$1,109,916

$1,668,677

$1,620,261

$1,648,503

$1,655,581

$1,850,660

$1,476,791

$1,640,948

$3,744,293

$49,421,193

Missouri

$4,041,710

$6,078,686

$5,898,363

$6,003,549

$6,029,907

$6,368,172

$5,364,017

$5,975,410

$11,566,101

$128,148,027

Montana

$1,710,249

$2,550,624

$2,475,828

$2,519,458

$2,530,390

$2,623,349

$2,254,188

$2,507,786

$3,760,263

$26,543,777

Nebraska

$1,679,110

$2,524,859

$2,450,834

$2,494,014

$2,504,834

$2,586,397

$2,231,477

$2,482,462

$4,372,276

$41,644,458

Nevada

$562,559

$845,342

$821,553

$835,429

$838,908

$946,130

$751,059

$831,718

$2,547,725

$37,281,937

New Hampshire

$1,015,772

$1,527,066

$1,482,885

$1,508,657

$1,515,114

$1,593,171

$1,351,967

$1,501,762

$2,533,628

$23,218,594

New Jersey

$3,435,381

$5,166,645

$5,013,603

$5,102,877

$5,125,246

$5,266,959

$4,560,095

$5,078,993

$10,124,722

$118,821,296

New Mexico

$1,160,650

$1,744,160

$1,876,873

$1,723,006

$1,730,427

$1,857,690

$1,542,148

$1,714,483

$2,927,997

$26,855,604

New York

$13,579,110

$20,424,856

$19,815,430

$20,170,923

$20,259,998

$21,818,047

$18,009,524

$20,075,816

$36,654,490

$394,686,513

North Carolina

$2,799,730

$4,210,497

$4,086,054

$4,158,644

$4,176,834

$4,576,429

$3,717,293

$4,139,225

$9,766,765

$131,954,536

North Dakota

$1,695,918

$2,527,852

$2,453,738

$2,496,970

$2,507,804

$2,589,151

$2,234,117

$2,485,405

$3,679,322

$25,266,330

Ohio

$9,250,620

$13,913,935

$13,499,255

$13,741,148

$13,801,761

$14,242,973

$12,270,440

$13,676,435

$25,174,465

$266,781,409

Oklahoma

$1,744,765

$2,623,617

$2,546,639

$2,591,542

$2,602,794

$2,831,669

$2,318,528

$2,579,529

$5,150,319

$60,903,196

Oregon

$1,899,540

$2,856,430

$2,772,488

$2,821,454

$2,833,724

$2,921,655

$2,523,743

$2,808,354

$4,563,299

$38,512,236

Pennsylvania

$9,901,139

$14,892,448

$14,448,499

$14,707,466

$14,772,357

$15,101,584

$13,132,955

$14,638,184

$25,400,552

$252,793,062

Rhode Island

$778,507

$1,170,171

$1,136,666

$1,156,210

$1,161,108

$1,253,702

$1,037,381

$1,150,982

$2,022,878

$20,073,615

South Carolina

$1,195,436

$1,797,316

$1,745,053

$1,775,540

$1,783,179

$1,982,643

$1,590,182

$1,767,384

$4,242,330

$58,892,771

South Dakota

$1,290,524

$1,940,347

$1,883,806

$1,916,788

$1,925,053

$1,991,514

$1,716,257

$1,907,964

$3,020,139

$24,487,296

Tennessee

$2,815,179

$4,233,736

$4,108,598

$4,181,594

$4,199,886

$4,534,180

$3,737,777

$4,162,066

$8,571,222

$99,112,101

Texas

$3,753,569

$5,645,264

$5,477,906

$5,575,530

$5,599,993

$6,607,385

$4,981,976

$5,549,413

$19,793,889

$326,975,732

Utah

$1,398,486

$2,102,745

$2,041,346

$2,077,161

$2,086,136

$2,161,298

$1,859,403

$2,067,579

$3,818,075

$37,897,203

Vermont

$860,443

$1,293,419

$1,256,227

$1,277,921

$1,283,358

$1,353,926

$1,146,018

$1,272,118

$2,021,240

$16,842,576

Virginia

$2,704,200

$4,066,802

$3,946,656

$4,016,741

$4,034,302

$4,344,862

$3,590,631

$3,997,991

$8,025,937

$94,134,276

Washington

$3,056,649

$4,596,956

$4,460,953

$4,540,287

$4,560,166

$4,688,820

$4,057,939

$4,519,063

$7,243,701

$59,545,074

West Virginia

$2,162,350

$3,251,749

$3,155,983

$3,211,847

$3,225,843

$3,320,985

$2,872,199

$3,196,901

$4,817,624

$37,583,874

Wisconsin

$5,768,714

$8,676,447

$8,418,423

$8,568,935

$8,606,650

$8,800,191

$7,653,827

$8,528,669

$14,966,407

$141,502,133

Wyoming

$793,133

$1,188,724

$1,154,664

$1,174,532

$1,179,511

$1,221,639

$1,053,735

$1,069,354

$1,550,974

$10,239,261

Total State Allocations

$150,574,880

$226,360,956

$219,849,999

$223,571,556

$224,550,063

$237,039,567

$199,706,355

$222,202,364

$425,675,396

$4,665,810,609

American Samoa

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$196,784

$719,511

Guam

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$198,908

$1,119,297

Northern Mariana Islands

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$197,186

$795,206

Puerto Rico

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$452,558

$48,865,588

U.S. Virgin Islands

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$200,481

$1,415,429

Total U.S. Territories Allocations

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$1,245,917

$52,915,031

Navaho Grant

$125,123

$189,041

$1,176,405

$186,724

$187,537

$362,433

$289,645

$321,735

$703,848

$0

Inter-Tribal Council of Arizona Grant

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$88,741

$102,138

$0

Northern Arapahoe Grant

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$99,863

$144,840

$0

Total Tribal Government Allocations

$125,123

$189,041

$1,176,405

$186,724

$187,537

$362,433

$289,645

$510,339

$950,826

$0

Source: Department of Energy (DOE) annual Weatherization Program Notices regarding Grantee Allocations, accessed from the Weatherization Program Guidance documents library at the National Association for State Community Services Programs (NASCSP). Documents were previously housed on the former Weatherization Assistance Program Technical Assistance Center (WAPTAC) website. WAPTAC's resources and documents library has since been incorporated into the NASCSP website at https://nascsp.org/wap/waptac/. and documents library has since been incorporated into the NASCSP
website.
Notes: Each state Each state al ocationallocation is the sum of the state program is the sum of the state program al ocationallocation and the state training and technical assistance and the state training and technical assistance al ocation. The Energ yallocation. The Energy Independence and Security Independence and Security
Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-140Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-140, §411(c), §411c) added Puerto Rico and other territories) added Puerto Rico and other territories of the of the U.S.United States to the definition of to the definition of “State”"State" for the purpose of funding for the purpose of funding al ocations. allocations. Beginning with Beginning with
Fiscal Year 2009, the territoriesFiscal Year 2009, the territories of Americanof American Samoa,Samoa, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands,Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Commonwealth Commonwealth of Puerto Ricoof Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands and the U.S. Virgin Islands
were added to the program.were added to the program. Tribal GovernmentTribal Government Al ocations Allocations are derivedare derived from state from state al ocations: allocations: Navaho Grant Navaho Grant al ocationsallocations are from Arizona and New Mexico state are from Arizona and New Mexico state
al ocationsallocations; Inter-Tribal Council of Arizona Grant ; Inter-Tribal Council of Arizona Grant al ocationsallocations are from Arizona are from Arizona al ocationsallocations; and Northern Arapahoe Grant ; and Northern Arapahoe Grant al ocationsallocations are from Wyoming are from Wyoming al ocations.
Also, allocations. Also, P.L. 111-5 was enacted as the AmericanP.L. 111-5 was enacted as the American Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. It is referredAct of 2009. It is referred to in the last column by the to in the last column by the shorthand “ARRA.”

CRS-21

---

The Weatherization Assistance Program Formula

acronym "ARRA." Appendix B. Base Allocation
Table B-1. Base Allocation Table from 10 C.F.R. §440.10
State

Base Allocation in Dollars

Alabama

$1,636,000

Alaska

$1,425,000

Arizona

$760,000

Arkansas

$1,417,000

California

$4,404,000

Colorado

$4,574,000

Connecticut

$1,887,000

Delaware

$409,000

District of Columbia

$487,000

Florida

$761,000

Georgia

$1,844,000

Hawaii

$120,000

Idaho

$1,618,000

Illinois

$10,717,000

Indiana

$5,156,000

Iowa

$4,032,000

Kansas

$1,925,000

Kentucky

$3,615,000

Louisiana

$912,000

Maine

$2,493,000

Maryland

$1,963,000

Massachusetts

$5,111,000

Michigan

$12,346,000

Minnesota

$8,342,000

Mississippi

$1,094,000

Missouri

$4,615,000

Montana

$2,123,000

Nebraska

$2,013,000

Nevada

$586,000

New Hampshire

$1,193,000

New Jersey

$3,775,000

New Mexico

$1,519,000

New York

$15,302,000

North Carolina

$2,853,000

North Dakota

$2,105,000

Ohio

$10,665,000

Oklahoma

$1,846,000

Oregon

$2,320,000

Pennsylvania

$11,457,000

Rhode Island

$878,000

South Carolina

$1,130,000

South Dakota

$1,561,000

Tennessee

$3,218,000

Texas

$2,999,000

Utah

$1,692,000

Vermont

$1,014,000

Virginia

$2,970,000

Washington

$3,775,000

West Virginia

$2,573,000

Wisconsin

$7,061,000

Wyoming

$967,000

American Samoa

$120,000

Guam

$120,000

Puerto Rico

$120,000

Northern Mariana Islands

$120,000

U.S. Virgin Islands

$120,000

Total

$171,858,000

Source: 10 C.F.R. §440.10.

Note: States and territories are organized in the table according to 10 C.F.R. §440.10.

Footnotes

1.

The federal Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) statute states that the primary purpose of the program is "to increase the energy efficiency of dwellings owned or occupied by low-income persons, reduce their total residential energy expenditures, and improve their health and safety, especially low-income persons who are particularly vulnerable such as the elderly, the handicapped, and children"; see 42 U.S.C. §6861. The term "low-income" is defined in 42 U.S.C. §6862(7) to mean

income in relation to family size which (A) is at or below 200 percent of the poverty level determined in accordance with criteria established by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, except that the Secretary may establish a higher level if the Secretary, after consulting with the Secretary of Agriculture and the Director of the Community Services Administration, determines that such a higher level is necessary to carry out the purposes of this part and is consistent with the eligibility criteria established for the weatherization program under section 2809(a)(12) of this title, (B) is the basis on which cash assistance payments have been paid during the preceding 12-month period under titles IV and XVI of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 601 et seq., 1381 et seq.] or applicable State or local law, or (C) if a State elects, is the basis for eligibility for assistance under the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Act of 1981 (42 U.S.C. 8621), provided that such basis is at least 200 percent of the poverty level determined in accordance with criteria established by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

2.

Section 411(c) of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-140) amended the definition of "State" in Section 412 of the Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA; 42 U.S.C. §6862(8)). According to 42 U.S.C. §6862(8), the term "State" means "(A) a State; (B) the District of Columbia; (C) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; and (D) any other territory or possession of the United States."

3.

Section 414D of ECPA as added by the Energy Act of 2020 (Division Z, P.L. 116-260) includes termination language stating that "the Secretary may not award financial assistance under this section after September 30, 2025."

4.

For more information on the WAP and grantee allocations under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58), see Department of Energy (DOE), "Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) Grants for the Weatherization Assistance Program," Weatherization Program Notice (WPN) IIJA-1 Revised, April 3, 2025, https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2025-04/wap-wpn-iija-1-revised_040325.pdf; and DOE, "Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) Grantee Allocations," WPN IIJA-2 Revised, April 3, 2025, https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2025-04/wap-wpn-iija-2-revised_041625.pdf.

5.

Administrative rules, eligibility standards, the types of aid, and benefit levels are primarily decided at the state level. Eligibility is automatically given to applicants receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families or Supplemental Security Income. Also, if a state elects, program eligibility can be extended to households that meet Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program eligibility criteria.

6.

Most of the grantees are state-designated community action agencies, which administer multiple types of social service grants for low-income persons. No more than 10% of grant funds allocated to states may be used for administration according to 42 U.S.C. §6865.

7.

For example, in FY2024 the Northern Arapahoe Grant received $120,152 in funding directly from DOE, and the funding allocation to Wyoming was reduced by the same amount from $1,406,759 to $1,286,607. Other grants to tribal entities from DOE in other fiscal years include the Navaho Grant allocations (from Arizona and New Mexico state allocations) and the Inter-Tribal Council of Arizona Grant (from Arizona allocations).

8.

DOE, Office of Inspector General (OIG), Improved Oversight and Enforcement Would Help the Department of Energy Implement the Weatherization Assistance Program Under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Audit Report, DOE-OIG-25-01, October 2024, https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2024-10/DOE-OIG-25-01.pdf.

9.

DOE OIG, Audit Report, October 2024, p. 2.

10.

DOE OIG, Audit Report, October 2024, p. 4.

11.

DOE OIG, Prospective Considerations for the Infrastructure Law-Funded Weatherization Assistance Program, Speical Report, DOE-OIG-22-30, April 2022, p. 2, https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2022-04/DOE-OIG-22-30.pdf.

12.

See DOE, "Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) Grants for the Weatherization Assistance Program," WPN IIJA-1 Revised, April 3, 2025, pp. 6-7, https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2025-04/wap-wpn-iija-1-revised_040325.pdf; DOE, "WAP Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act Award Extension and Obligating Remaining 50% of Funding," WPN IIJA-7 Revised, April 14, 2025, pp. 3-4, https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2025-04/wap-wpn-iija-7-revised_04142025.pdf.

13.

Executive Order 14154 of January 20, 2025, "Unleashing American Energy," 90 Federal Register 8353, January 29, 2025.

14.

DOE defines "dwelling unit" in 10 C.F.R. §440.3 as "a house, including a stationary mobile home, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room occupied as separate living quarters."

15.

A "degree day" is a measurement designed to quantify the demand for energy needed to heat or cool a building.

16.

See 42 U.S.C. §6864(c): "Effective with fiscal year 1991, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall update the population, eligible households, climatic, residential energy use, and all other data used in allocating the funds under this part among the States pursuant to subsection (a)."

17.

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5) allowed the T&TA share to increase from 10% to 20%.

18.

These methods are described in an interim final rule that was published and later finalized in the Federal Register in June 1995. For the interim final rule, see DOE, "Weatherization Assistance Program for Low-Income Persons," 60 Federal Register 29469-29481, June 5, 1995. For adoption of the June notice as a final rule, see DOE, "Weatherization Assistance Program for Low-Income Persons," 60 Federal Register 64314-64315, December 15, 1995.

19.

See 10 C.F.R. §440.10. The threshold amount, $209,724,761, is based on the appropriation of $226,800,000 for the WAP in FY1995 under P.L. 103-332. After reserving funds for DOE and state and territory T&TA, total program allocations were $209,724,761 for FY1995. The threshold amount is not adjusted for inflation.

20.

See DOE, "Weatherization Assistance Program for Low-Income Persons," 60 Federal Register 29479, June 5, 1995; Testimony of Annamaria Garcia, Director of the Office of Weatherization and Intergovernmental Programs at the U.S. Department of Energy, in U.S. Congress, House Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development, Department of Energy's Weatherization Assistance Program, hearings, 116^th Congress, 1^st session, February 12, 2019, p. 3, http://docs.house.gov/meetings/AP/AP10/20190213/108877/HHRG-116-AP10-Wstate-GarciaA-20190213.pdf.

21.

DOE, "Adjustment to Program Year 2010 Grantee Allocations," WPN 10-02A, August 24, 2010, https://nascsp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/wpn2010-02a-1.pdf.

22. In 2009, DOE made changes to 10 C.F.R. §440 to reflect changes to the Weatherization Assistance Program enacted by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-140). Changes included expanding the definition of state to include to include American Samoa, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. See DOE, "Weatherization Assistance Program for Low-Income Persons," 74 Federal Register 12535, March 25, 2009. 23.

According to DOE, "the proposed formula as a whole balances congressional intent of maintaining program capacity and apportioning funds more equitably among the States. Under the formula, no State loses more than one-half of one percent of FY1994 funds unless total program allocations fall below $220 million. All States gain when funds rise above this amount." DOE, "Weatherization Assistance Program for Low-Income Persons," 60 Federal Register 29471, June 5, 1995.

24.

DOE, "Weatherization Assistance for Low-Income Persons," 49 Federal Register 3441-3638, January 27, 1984.

25.

DOE stated that in determining whether funds should be reduced, "DOE will consider the amount of unexpended financial assistance currently available to a grantee under this part and the number of dwelling units which remain to be weatherized with the unexpended financial assistance." For increased funds, DOE would determine the amount that "the grantee can expend to weatherize additional dwelling units during the budget period for which financial assistance is to be awarded." See DOE, "Weatherization Assistance for Low-Income Persons," 49 Federal Register 3631, January 27, 1984.

26.

U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, Subcommittee on Energy Regulation and Conservation, State Energy Conservation Programs Improvement Act of 1989, hearing on S. 247, 101^st Cong., 1^st sess., May 2, 1989, pp. 156-158.

27.

U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, State Energy Efficiency Improvement Act of 1989, report to accompany S. 247, 101^st Cong., 1^st sess., January 10, 1988, S.Rept. 101-235, p. 19.

28.

For the final rule, see DOE, "Weatherization Assistance Program for Low-Income Persons," 60 Federal Register 64314-64315, December 15, 1995. For the interim final rule, which describes the formula allocation, see DOE, "Weatherization Assistance Program for Low-Income Persons," 60 Federal Register 29469-29481, June 5, 1995. For general discussion of interim final rules, see CRS Report RL32240, The Federal Rulemaking Process: An Overview, coordinated by Maeve P. Carey.

29.

DOE, "Weatherization Assistance Program for Low-Income Persons," 74 Federal Register 12535, March 25, 2009.

30.

See definition for "total program allocation" under 10 C.F.R. §440.3.

31. Funding to establish the Weatherization Readiness Fund was appropriated through the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2022 (P.L. 117-103). For more information on the Weatherization Readiness Fund, see DOE, "Weatherization Readiness Funds – Implementation," WPN 24-9, revised April 14, 2025, https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2025-04/wap-wpn-24-9-revised_041425.pdf. For more information on FY2025 funding, see CRS In Focus IF12710, DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Appropriations, FY2025, by Martin C. Offutt and Corrie E. Clark. 32. Section 411 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA 2007; P.L. 110-140) stipulates that WAP funds may be used to award Sustainable Energy Resources for Consumers (SERC) grants only when WAP funding for a given fiscal year is at or above $275 million. EISA 2007 also directs DOE to limit SERC grant funding to 2% of WAP funds; therefore, for FY2025, SERC funds—if DOE opted to reserve funds—would be limited to no more than $6.5 million (or 2% of $326 million). DOE, "Program Year 2025 Grantee Allocations," WPN 25-2, July 1, 2025, https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2025-07/wap-wpn-25-2.pdf. 33.

The total reported by DOE in WPN 25-2 sums to $366 million (accounting for DOE T&TA, grantee allocations, weatherization readiness funds, and an "other" category for $1 million); see DOE, "Program Year 2025 Grantee Allocations," WPN 25-2, July 1, 2025, https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2025-07/wap-wpn-25-2.pdf. In previous years, DOE has allocated some WAP funds for cross-cutting activities; for example, $825,000 in funding was allocated in FY2021 for cross-cutting activities. See DOE, "Program Year 2021 Grantee Allocations," WPN 21-2, January 21, 2021, https://nascsp.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/wpn-21-2_v2.pdf.

34.

See 10 C.F.R. §440.10(b)(1).

35.

In June 1995, DOE issued an interim final rule (which was later adopted as a final rule) that established an updated allocation formula "to provide warmer-weather States a greater share of the funding, while protecting the Program capacity developed over the years by colder-weather States." See DOE, "Weatherization Assistance Program for Low-Income Persons," 60 Federal Register 29470, June 5, 1995, https://www.federalregister.gov/d/95-13437.

36.

At the time of the 1995 rulemaking for the formula allocation, the low-income eligibility ceiling was 125% of the poverty level. The number of low-income households used in the rulemaking was obtained from a special tabulation of Census data completed by the Census Bureau for DOE. For the definition of "low-income" provided in 42 U.S.C. §6862(7), see footnote 1.

37.

Of the 113.6 million households, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) reported that 16.9 million households were below the poverty line in 2009. EIA, "Table HC9.2. Household Demographics of U.S. Homes, by Owner/Renter Status, 2009," 2009 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) Survey Data, https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2009/#house.

38.

Eisenberg, Joel, Weatherization Assistance Program Technical Memorandum Background Data and Statistics on Low-Income Energy Use and Burdens, ORNL/TM-2014/133, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, April 2014, p. 3.

39.

Eisenberg, Joel, Weatherization Assistance Program Technical Memorandum Background Data and Statistics on Low-Income Energy Use and Burdens, ORNL/TM-2014/133, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, April 2014, p. 3.

40.

EIA, "Table HC9.2. Household Demographics of U.S. Homes, by Owner or Renter Status, 2020," 2020 RECS Survey Data, March 2024, https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2020/hc/pdf/HC%209.2.pdf.

41.

Households were identified as experiencing energy insecurity if they reported at least one of the following: (1) reducing or forgoing food or medicine to pay energy costs; (2) leaving the home at an unhealthy temperature; (3) receiving a disconnect or delivery stop notice; (4) being unable to use heating equipment; or (5) being unable to use cooling equipment. EIA, "Table HC11.1. Household Energy Insecurity, 2020," 2020 RECS Survey Data, March 2023, https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2020/hc/pdf/HC%2011.1.pdf.

42. The 1991–2020 U.S. Climate Normals dataset is the latest release of Climate Normals by the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI); see https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/us-climate-normals/. 43.

NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, "NOAA Delivers New U.S. Climate Normals: Decadal Update from NCEI Gives Forecasters and Public Latest Averages from 1991-2020," press release, May 5, 2021, https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/news/noaa-delivers-new-us-climate-normals.

44.

See, for example, Table 3 of the 1995 interim final rule. 60 Federal Register 29474 (June 5, 1995).

45.

EIA estimates accounted for site energy for electricity consumption; see EIA, Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1990, DOE/EIA-0321 (90), February 1993, p. 337, https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/archive/pdf/DOE%20EIA-0321(90).pdf. Data from Table 28 of EIA's Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1990.

46.

Estimates account for site energy consumption for space heating and air conditioning. Space heating includes main and secondary space heating. Data from Table CE3.1, "Annual Household Site End-Use Consumption in the U.S.—Totals and Averages, 2020," RECS 2020. https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2020/c&e/pdf/ce3.1.pdf.

47.

EIA provides data for state residential energy consumption including expenditure data, but EIA does not distinguish between low-income households and other households.

48.

The Census Bureau established nine divisions, which are geographic groupings of states for the presentation of census data. The current divisions are New England, Middle Atlantic, East North Central, West North Central, South Atlantic, East South Central, West South Central, Mountain, and Pacific. See U.S. Census Bureau, "Geographic Terms and Definitions," December 16, 2021, https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/about/glossary/geo-terms.html.

49.

See DOE, "Weatherization Assistance Program for Low-Income Persons," 60 Federal Register 29477, June 5, 1995.

50.

U.S. Congress, House of Representatives, Making Appropriations for the Department of the Interior and Related Agencies, for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 1995, and for Other Purposes, Conference Report on the Department of Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1995, P.L. 103-332, 103^rd Cong., 2^nd sess., September 22, 1994, H.Rept. 103-740, p. 50.

51.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Climate Change Indicators in the United States, Fifth Edition, 2024, p. 23, https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-09/climate_indicators_2024.pdf.

52.

EPA, "Climate Change Indicators: Heating and Cooling Degree Days," https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heating-and-cooling-degree-days.

53.

See pp. 2-24 of K. Marvel et al., "Chapter 2. Climate Trends," in Fifth National Climate Assessment, ed. A. R. Crimmins et al. (U.S. Global Change Research Program), https://www.southernclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/NCA5_Ch2_Climate-Trends.pdf:

The connection between warming and heatwaves is well understood: at the very basic level, as average temperatures warm, the risk of extreme temperatures and record-breaking temperatures goes up, and it is very likely that heatwaves will increase in frequency, severity, and duration as warming continues…. In addition to changes in the number of hot days, multiday heatwaves are very likely to last longer, affect a larger spatial extent, and become more severe, exposing more people and infrastructure simultaneously and for longer periods. By contrast, the number of cold days is projected to decrease. Nighttime temperatures are very likely to increase faster than daytime temperatures, leading to an increase in extreme nighttime temperatures as the global warming level increases. Such changes in extreme heat are very likely to have negative impacts on human health and agricultural productivity.

54.

EIA, "Table 4. Residential Sector Key Indicators and Consumption, Reference Case," Annual Energy Outlook 2025, April 15, 2025. Previous projections by EIA used population-weighted degree days and reflected projected population shifts from colder to warmer parts of the United States; see EIA, "EIA Projects Air-Conditioning Energy Use to Grow Faster Than Any Other Use in Buildings," March 13, 2020, https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=43155.

55. DOE, "Weatherization Assistance Program," DOE/EE-2124, June 2022, https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2022-06/wap-fact-sheet_0622.pdf; DOE, "Low-Income Household Energy Burden Varies Among States—Efficiency Can Help in All of Them," DOE/GO-102018-5122, December 2018, https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/01/f58/WIP-Energy-Burden_final.pdf. 56.

The term "heat island" describes urban areas that have hotter surfaces and air temperatures than nearby rural areas. The urban heat island can affect communities by increasing energy demand and energy costs for cooling and air conditioning, air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, heat-related illness and mortality, and water pollution. See EPA, Reducing Urban Heat Islands: Compendium of Strategies, draft, 2008, https://www.epa.gov/heat-islands/heat-island-compendium; T. Chakraborty et al., "Disproportionately Higher Exposure to Urban Heat in Lower-Income Neighborhoods: A Multi-City Perspective," Environmental Research Letters, vol. 14, no. 10 (2019); and A. Hsu et al., "Disproportionate Exposure to Urban Heat Island Intensity Across Major US Cities," Nature Communications, vol. 12, no. 2721 (2021).

57.

EPA, Climate Change Indicators in the United States, Fifth Edition, 2024, p. 19. For more information on the Fair Housing Act, see CRS Report R48113, The Fair Housing Act (FHA): A Legal Overview, by David H. Carpenter; and CRS Report R44557, The Fair Housing Act: HUD Oversight, Programs, and Activities, by Libby Perl.

58.

According to a survey of grantees and subgrantees representing 28 states, in 2023 "approximately one in five clients (19%) who seek WAP services are initially deferred for addressable or repairable issues." Dan Farrell et al., Estimating the Impacts of Weatherization Readiness Programs, American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, June 2025, p. 9, https://www.aceee.org/research-report/b2504.

59.

For example, the Explanatory Statement accompanying the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-103, Division D) reiterated House direction for the Weatherization Assistance Program. According to H.Rept. 117-98, "The Committee supports the creation of a new Weatherization Readiness Fund to enable more low-income households to receive Weatherization Assistance Program support by providing funds to address structural and health and safety issues to reduce the frequency of deferred homes that are not weatherization ready when WAP work crews enter the home to perform retrofit services." U.S. Congress, House Appropriations Committee, Energy and Water Dvelopment and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill, 2022, report, 117^th Cong., 1^st sess., July 21, 2021, p. 125.

Base Allocation in Dollars
Alabama
$1,636,000
Alaska
1,425,000
Arizona
760,000
Arkansas
1,417,000
California
4,404,000
Colorado
4,574,000
Connecticut
1,887,000
Delaware
409,000
District of Columbia
487,000
Florida
761,000
Georgia
1,844,000
Hawai
120,000
Idaho
1,618,000
Il inois
10,717,000
Indiana
5,156,000
Iowa
4,032,000
Kansas
1,925,000
Kentucky
3,615,000
Louisiana
912,000
Maine
2,493,000
Maryland
1,963,000
Massachusetts
5,111,000
Michigan
12,346,000
Minnesota
8,342,000
Mississippi
1,094,000
Missouri
4,615,000
Montana
2,123,000
Nebraska
2,013,000
Nevada
586,000
New Hampshire
1,193,000
New Jersey
3,775,000
New Mexico
1,519,000
New York
15,302,000
North Carolina
2,853,000
Congressional Research Service
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The Weatherization Assistance Program Formula

State

Base Allocation in Dollars
North Dakota
2,105,000
Ohio
10,665,000
Oklahoma
1,846,000
Oregon
2,320,000
Pennsylvania
11,457,000
Rhode Island
878,000
South Carolina
1,130,000
South Dakota
1,561,000
Tennessee
3,218,000
Texas
2,999,000
Utah
1,692,000
Vermont
1,014,000
Virginia
2,970,000
Washington
3,775,000
West Virginia
2,573,000
Wisconsin
7,061,000
Wyoming
967,000
American Samoa
120,000
Guam
120,000
Puerto Rico
120,000
Northern Mariana Islands
120,000
Virgin Islands
120,000
Total
171,858,000
Source: 10 C.F.R. §440.10.
Note: States and territories are organized in the table according to 10 C.F.R. §440.10.





Author Information

Corrie E. Clark
Lynn J. Cunningham
Analyst in Energy Policy
Senior Research Librarian


Congressional Research Service
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The Weatherization Assistance Program Formula



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under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should n ot be relied upon for purposes other
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Congressional Research Service
R46418 · VERSION 4 · UPDATED
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