Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2022 Budget and Appropriations

Changes from October 1, 2021 to December 9, 2021

This page shows textual changes in the document between the two versions indicated in the dates above. Textual matter removed in the later version is indicated with ~~red strikethrough~~ and textual matter added in the later version is indicated with blue.

Department of State, Foreign Operations, and
~~October 1~~December 9, 2021 , 2021
Related Programs: FY2022 Budget and
Cory R. Gill
Appropriations
Analyst in Foreign Affairs Analyst in Foreign Affairs

Each year, Congress considers 12 distinct appropriations measures to fund federal Each year, Congress considers 12 distinct appropriations measures to fund federal
programs and Marian L. Lawson
~~programs and~~ activities. One of these is the Department of State, Foreign Operations, activities. One of these is the Department of State, Foreign Operations,
and Related Programs Section Research Manager Section Research Manager
~~and Related Programs (SFOPS) bil~~ (SFOPS) bill, which includes funding for U.S. diplomatic , which includes funding for U.S. diplomatic

activities, cultural exchanges, activities, cultural exchanges, development and security assistance, and participation in development and security assistance, and participation in
~~Emily M. Morgenstern~~
~~multilateral~~ multilateral organizations, among other international activities. On May 28, 2021, the organizations, among other international activities. On May 28, 2021, the
~~Analyst in Foreign~~
~~Biden Administration released its proposed FY2022 budget request, which cal ed for~~
~~Assistance and Foreign~~
~~$62.656 bil ion~~Biden Administration released its proposed Emily M. Morgenstern FY2022 budget request, which called for $62.656 billion in new budget authority for SFOPS in new budget authority for SFOPS Analyst in Foreign accounts ($62.121 accounts ($62.121 ~~bil ion~~billion net of net of
~~Policy~~
rescissions of prior year funding). rescissions of prior year funding).

Assistance and Foreign Policy The FY2022 request was about 13% less than the total FY2021 enacted level, which The FY2022 request was about 13% less than the total FY2021 enacted level, which

included nearly $16 included nearly $16 ~~bil ion~~ billion in emergency funds, but 11.4% more than enacted FY2021 in emergency funds, but 11.4% more than enacted FY2021
levels when levels when emergency funding is excluded. Recent annual budget proposals and appropriations measures have emergency funding is excluded. Recent annual budget proposals and appropriations measures have
divided these funds into two main components: divided these funds into two main components:
  Department of State and Related Agency accounts. These funds, provided in Title I of the accounts. These funds, provided in Title I of the
SFOPS SFOPS appropriation, primarily support Department of State diplomatic and security activities appropriation, primarily support Department of State diplomatic and security activities
and would increase by nearly 5% under the FY2022 request compared with FY2021 total enacted and would increase by nearly 5% under the FY2022 request compared with FY2021 total enacted
levels. The Administration proposed noteworthy increases for contributions to international levels. The Administration proposed noteworthy increases for contributions to international
organizations, international peacekeeping activities, and diversity and inclusion programming, organizations, international peacekeeping activities, and diversity and inclusion programming,
among other priorities. among other priorities.
 The  The Foreign Operations accounts. These funds, provided in Titles II-VI of the SFOPS accounts. These funds, provided in Titles II-VI of the SFOPS ~~bil~~ bill, fund , fund
most most foreign assistance activities. These accounts would see an almost 19% reduction under the foreign assistance activities. These accounts would see an almost 19% reduction under the
FY2022 request compared with total enacted FY2021 funding, but an increase of 12% if FY2021 FY2022 request compared with total enacted FY2021 funding, but an increase of 12% if FY2021
emergency funds are excluded. The Administration proposed increases for multilateral assistance, emergency funds are excluded. The Administration proposed increases for multilateral assistance,
including contributions to multilateral efforts to combat climate change. Other notable proposals including contributions to multilateral efforts to combat climate change. Other notable proposals
include increases to the Global Health Programs, Development Assistance, and Economic include increases to the Global Health Programs, Development Assistance, and Economic
Support Fund accounts—in part to address the first- and second-order effects of the Coronavirus Support Fund accounts—in part to address the first- and second-order effects of the Coronavirus
Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic—as Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic—as ~~wel~~ well as an increase to USAID’s operating account to as an increase to USAID’s operating account to
hire new personnel and invest in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion efforts. hire new personnel and invest in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion efforts.
The House Appropriation Committee passed a FY2021 SFOPS The House Appropriation Committee passed a FY2021 SFOPS ~~bil~~ bill, H.R. 4374, on July 1, 2021, which was , H.R. 4374, on July 1, 2021, which was
approved by the full House on July 28, 2021. The approved by the full House on July 28, 2021. The ~~bil~~ bill would provide a total of $62.401 would provide a total of $62.401 ~~bil ion~~billion in net budget in net budget
authority for SFOPS accounts ($62.976 authority for SFOPS accounts ($62.976 ~~bil ion~~billion pre-rescissions). FY2022 SFOPS legislation pre-rescissions). FY2022 SFOPS legislation ~~has not been~~
~~introduced in the Senate. A continuing resolution, P.L. 117-43, was enacted on September 30, 2021~~(S.3075) was introduced in the Senate on October 26; no further action has been taken. Two continuing resolutions have been enacted to continue to continue
funding federal agencies in FY2022, largely at FY2021 levels, funding federal agencies in FY2022, largely at FY2021 levels, ~~until December 3, 2021~~while final action on appropriations is pending. The current continuing resolution, P.L. 117-70, extends appropriations through February 18, 2022. .
An account-by-account comparison of the FY2022 SFOPS request, An account-by-account comparison of the FY2022 SFOPS request, House-passed FY2022 SFOPS legislation, and FY2021 FY2022 SFOPS legislation, and FY2021
SFOPS enacted funding is presented SFOPS enacted funding is presented inin Appendix A. Appendix B provides a similar comparison, focused provides a similar comparison, focused
~~specifical y~~specifically on the International Affairs budget. on the International Affairs budget. Appendix C depicts the organization of the SFOPS appropriation. depicts the organization of the SFOPS appropriation.
This report tracks SFOPS appropriations, comparing funding levels for accounts and purposes across FY2022 This report tracks SFOPS appropriations, comparing funding levels for accounts and purposes across FY2022
proposals and prior year enacted appropriations. It does not provide extensive analysis of international affairs proposals and prior year enacted appropriations. It does not provide extensive analysis of international affairs
policy issues. For in-depth analysis and contextual information on international affairs issues, consult the wide policy issues. For in-depth analysis and contextual information on international affairs issues, consult the wide
range of CRS reports on specific subjects, such as global health, diplomatic security, and U.S. participation in the range of CRS reports on specific subjects, such as global health, diplomatic security, and U.S. participation in the
United Nations. For more information on SFOPS accounts, see CRS Report R40482, United Nations. For more information on SFOPS accounts, see CRS Report R40482, Department of State,
Foreign Operations Appropriations: A Guide to Component Accounts, by Nick M. Brown and Cory R. , by Nick M. Brown and Cory R. ~~Gil~~ Gill. .
Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

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Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs

Overview
On May 28, 2021, the Biden Administration released its proposed FY2022 budget request, which On May 28, 2021, the Biden Administration released its proposed FY2022 budget request, which
~~cal s~~calls for $62.656 for $62.656 ~~bil ion~~billion in new budget authority for SFOPS accounts ($62.121 in new budget authority for SFOPS accounts ($62.121 ~~bil ion~~billion if proposed if proposed
rescissions of prior year funding are subtracted).1rescissions of prior year funding are subtracted).1
SFOPS funds support a wide range of U.S. activities around the world, including the operation of SFOPS funds support a wide range of U.S. activities around the world, including the operation of
U.S. embassies; diplomatic activities; educational and cultural exchanges; international U.S. embassies; diplomatic activities; educational and cultural exchanges; international
development, security, and humanitarian assistance; and U.S. participation in multilateral development, security, and humanitarian assistance; and U.S. participation in multilateral
organizations. The SFOPS appropriation closely aligns with the International Affairs budget organizations. The SFOPS appropriation closely aligns with the International Affairs budget
function,2 which function,2 which ~~typical y~~typically represents about 1% of the annual federal budget and would do so represents about 1% of the annual federal budget and would do so
again under the FY2022 budget proposal (again under the FY2022 budget proposal (seesee Figure 1).
Figure 1. International Affairs as a Portion of the Federal Budget, FY2022 Est.

Sources: FY2022 Budget Historic FY2022 Budget Historic Table 5.1; CRS calculations. Table 5.1; CRS calculations.
Note: Reflects estimated Reflects estimated budget authority, FY2022. budget authority, FY2022.
The Administration’s FY2022 request may be compared to FY2021 funding in various ways. For The Administration’s FY2022 request may be compared to FY2021 funding in various ways. For
example, the requested amount is example, the requested amount is
 13% less than the total FY2021 enacted level, which includes almost $16  13% less than the total FY2021 enacted level, which includes almost $16 ~~bil ion~~billion
in emergency funds; and in emergency funds; and
 11% more than the enacted FY2021 level when emergency funding, used  11% more than the enacted FY2021 level when emergency funding, used
primarily for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) response, is excluded.3 primarily for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) response, is excluded.3
The FY2022 SFOPS request, the first of the Biden Administration, is significantly higher than The FY2022 SFOPS request, the first of the Biden Administration, is significantly higher than al
all Trump Administration SFOPS budget requestsTrump Administration SFOPS budget requests (Table 1). It is also higher, though to a lesser ). It is also higher, though to a lesser
degree, than most SFOPS total funding levels enacted in the past decade, in current dollars degree, than most SFOPS total funding levels enacted in the past decade, in current dollars
(Figure 2).

~~1 Rescissions~~ 1 Rescissions of prior year fundingof prior year funding do not affect new fundingdo not affect new funding levels, but are considered when calculating the total levels, but are considered when calculating the total
budgetbudget impact of a proposal for purposes suchimpact of a proposal for purposes such as compliance with the subcommittee’s 302(b) allocation or spending as compliance with the subcommittee’s 302(b) allocation or spending
caps imposed by law.caps imposed by law.
~~2 T he SFOPS budget~~ 2 The SFOPS budget aligns closely but not exactly with Function 150 (International Affairs) of the federal budget. aligns closely but not exactly with Function 150 (International Affairs) of the federal budget. ~~T he~~The
primary exception is international food aid programs, which are part of Function 150 but fundedprimary exception is international food aid programs, which are part of Function 150 but funded through the agriculture through the agriculture
appropriation. SFOPS also includesappropriation. SFOPS also includes ~~funding~~ funding for international commissions in the Function 300 budget. for international commissions in the Function 300 budget.
3 For information on international affairs funding for COVID-193 For information on international affairs funding for COVID-19 response, see CRSresponse, see CRS In FocusIn Focus IF11496, IF11496, COVID-19 and
Foreign Assistance: Issues for Congress, by, by Nick M. Brown, Marian L. Lawson, and Emily M. MorgensternNick M. Brown, Marian L. Lawson, and Emily M. Morgenstern , and CRS , and CRS
Report R46319, Report R46319, Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): Q&A on Global ~~Im plications~~Implications and Responses, coordinated by , coordinated by
~~T iaji~~Tiaji Salaam-Blyther. Salaam-Blyther.
Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

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Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs

Table 1. SFOPS Requests and Actual Funding, FY2013-FY2022
(In (In ~~bil ions~~billions of current U.S. of current U.S. ~~dol ars~~dollars) )

FY2013
FY2014
FY2015
FY2016 FY2017 FY2018
FY2019
FY2020
FY2021
FY2022
Request Request
56.41 56.41
51.96 51.96
55.01 55.01
54.83 54.83
60.21 60.21
40.21 40.21
41.66 41.66
43.10 43.10
44.12 44.12
62.66 62.66
Actual Actual
51.91 51.91
50.89 50.89
54.39 54.39
54.52 54.52
59.78 59.78
54.18 54.18
54.38 54.38
57.37 57.37
71.58 71.58

Difference Difference
-8.0% -8.0%
-2.1% -2.1%
-1.1% -1.1%
-0.6% -0.6%
-0.7% -0.7%
+34.7% +34.7%
+30.5% +30.5%
+33.1% +33.1%
+62.2% +62.2%

Sources: Annual SFOPS Congressional Annual SFOPS Congressional Budget Justifications (CBJs) prepared by the Department of State and Budget Justifications (CBJs) prepared by the Department of State and
U.S. Agency of International Development; P.L. 116-6; P.L. 116-94; P.L. 116-123; P.L. 116-136; P.L. 116-260; P.L. U.S. Agency of International Development; P.L. 116-6; P.L. 116-94; P.L. 116-123; P.L. 116-136; P.L. 116-260; P.L.
117-2; P.L. 117-31.117-2; P.L. 117-31.
Note: Actuals include supplemental and emergencyActuals include supplemental and emergency funds. funds.
Figure 2. SFOPS Funding, FY2010-FY2022
(In (In ~~bil ions~~billions of current U.S. of current U.S. ~~dol ars~~dollars) )

Sources: Annual SFOPS CBJs; P.L. 116-94; P.L. 116-123; P.L. 116-136; P.L. 116-260; P.L. 117-2; P.L. 117-31; CRS Annual SFOPS CBJs; P.L. 116-94; P.L. 116-123; P.L. 116-136; P.L. 116-260; P.L. 117-2; P.L. 117-31; CRS
calculations. calculations.
Overseas Contingency Operations and Emergency Funds
From FY2012 to FY2021, the appropriations process has been shaped by discretionary spending From FY2012 to FY2021, the appropriations process has been shaped by discretionary spending
caps put in place by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA;caps put in place by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA; P.L. 112-25). Congress managed the P.L. 112-25). Congress managed the
constraints imposed by the BCA in part by repeatedly amending the BCAconstraints imposed by the BCA in part by repeatedly amending the BCA to raise the caps, and to raise the caps, and
also by designating a portion of annual SFOPS appropriations as “Overseas Contingency also by designating a portion of annual SFOPS appropriations as “Overseas Contingency
Operations” (OCO) or “emergency” funding, both of which were excluded from BCA Operations” (OCO) or “emergency” funding, both of which were excluded from BCA
discretionary budget limits.4 Congress began using the OCO designation in SFOPS appropriations discretionary budget limits.4 Congress began using the OCO designation in SFOPS appropriations
in FY2012. OCO’s use expanded considerably in funding levelin FY2012. OCO’s use expanded considerably in funding level and scope until FY2017, when and scope until FY2017, when

~~4 While OCO~~ 4 While OCO and emergency fundingand emergency funding limited the impact of the BCA on international affairs funding, such fundinglimited the impact of the BCA on international affairs funding, such funding was was
reducedreduced in FY2013 through the sequestration provisions in the BCA. For more information, see CRSin FY2013 through the sequestration provisions in the BCA. For more information, see CRS Report R42994, Report R42994,
The Budget Control Act, Sequestration, and the Foreign Affairs Budget: Background and Possible ~~Im pacts~~ Impacts, by Susan , by Susan
B. Epstein. B. Epstein.
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OCO-designated SFOPS funding peaked at $20.80 OCO-designated SFOPS funding peaked at $20.80 ~~bil ion~~billion (nearly 35% of SFOPS funds that (nearly 35% of SFOPS funds that
year), before leveling off at $8 year), before leveling off at $8 ~~bil ion annual y~~billion annually between FY2019 and FY2021.5 between FY2019 and FY2021.5
In addition to OCO funds, Congress has In addition to OCO funds, Congress has ~~periodical y~~periodically used funding designated as “emergency” to used funding designated as “emergency” to
address a range of unanticipated needs. This designation was used in FY2020 and FY2021 to address a range of unanticipated needs. This designation was used in FY2020 and FY2021 to
address needs related to the COVID-19 pandemic abroad and humanitarian assistance for address needs related to the COVID-19 pandemic abroad and humanitarian assistance for
Afghanistan and Afghan refugees. Like OCO-designated funding, emergency-designated funding Afghanistan and Afghan refugees. Like OCO-designated funding, emergency-designated funding
did not count toward the BCA discretionary spending caps and could therefore be used as an did not count toward the BCA discretionary spending caps and could therefore be used as an
alternative to the OCO designation. Before the use of OCO in SFOPS, supplemental emergency alternative to the OCO designation. Before the use of OCO in SFOPS, supplemental emergency
appropriations were the primary mechanism for funding contingency activities. appropriations were the primary mechanism for funding contingency activities.
The FY2022 appropriations cycle is the first in a decade for which the BCA is not a factor, and The FY2022 appropriations cycle is the first in a decade for which the BCA is not a factor, and
may mark the end of the OCO designation within SFOPS legislation. While Administrations have may mark the end of the OCO designation within SFOPS legislation. While Administrations have
not requested OCO funding in the international affairs budget since FY2018, the FY2022 House-not requested OCO funding in the international affairs budget since FY2018, the FY2022 House-
passed passed ~~bil~~ bill is the first SFOPS legislation since FY2012 to not include OCO-designated funds. is the first SFOPS legislation since FY2012 to not include OCO-designated funds.
Although BCAAlthough BCA spending caps no longer apply, SFOPS spending is limited by the subcommittee spending caps no longer apply, SFOPS spending is limited by the subcommittee
~~al ocation~~allocation approved in the annual budget resolution or by the Appropriations Committee approved in the annual budget resolution or by the Appropriations Committee (Table
2). Emergency-designated funding does not count toward this . Emergency-designated funding does not count toward this ~~al ocation~~allocation, so Congress may , so Congress may
continue to use the emergency designation for supplemental funding to address unanticipated continue to use the emergency designation for supplemental funding to address unanticipated
needs in FY2022. needs in FY2022.
OCO-designated funding has become largely indistinguishable OCO-designated funding has become largely indistinguishable from base funding in terms of the from base funding in terms of the
activities it supports, whereas emergency-designated funding continues to be used primarily for activities it supports, whereas emergency-designated funding continues to be used primarily for
short-term needs arising from unanticipated events. For this reason, this report short-term needs arising from unanticipated events. For this reason, this report ~~general y~~generally groups groups
base and OCO funding together, comparing FY2022 proposed funding levels with total FY2021 base and OCO funding together, comparing FY2022 proposed funding levels with total FY2021
enacted funding (base + OCO + emergency) as enacted funding (base + OCO + emergency) as ~~wel~~ well as to nonemergency funding (base + OCO) to as to nonemergency funding (base + OCO) to
serve various analytic purposes. serve various analytic purposes.
Congressional Action
Congressional action on FY2022 appropriations began with subcommittee hearings before the Congressional action on FY2022 appropriations began with subcommittee hearings before the
Administration’s full request was transmitted to Congress in late May—months later than is Administration’s full request was transmitted to Congress in late May—months later than is
typical, although late submissions are not unusual at the start of a new Administrationtypical, although late submissions are not unusual at the start of a new Administration. Table 2
shows the status of congressional action on FY2022 SFOPS legislation, and shows the status of congressional action on FY2022 SFOPS legislation, and ~~wil~~ will be updated as be updated as
necessary. necessary.
Table 2. Status of FY2022 SFOPS Appropriations
(funding levels in (funding levels in ~~bil ions~~billions of U.S. of U.S. ~~dol ars~~dollars) )
302(b)
Committee

Allocations
Action
Floor Action
Conference Agreement
Chamber
House
Senate
House
Senate
House
Senate
House
Senate
Final
Date
7/16/21 7/16/21

7/1/21 7/1/21

7/28/21 7/28/21

Total $
62.401 62.401

62.401 62.401

62.401 62.401

Source: H.R. 4374; H.Rept. 117-91. H.R. 4374; H.Rept. 117-91.
Notes: The 302(b) al ocation of budget authority does not include emergency or OCO funds, or the mandatory
~~funds in the Foreign Service Retirement account. Funding totals account for rescissions.~~

5 For more information on the use of OCO in the international affairs budget, see CRS5 For more information on the use of OCO in the international affairs budget, see CRS In FocusIn Focus IF10143, IF10143, Foreign
Affairs Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) Funding: Background and Current Status, by Emily M. Morgenstern. , by Emily M. Morgenstern.
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Notes: The 302(b) allocation of budget authority does not include emergency or OCO funds, or the mandatory funds in the Foreign Service Retirement account. Funding totals account for rescissions. Legislation has been introduced in the Senate (S.3075); no committee action has taken place.
House Legislation. The House SFOPS subcommittee approved a FY2022 The House SFOPS subcommittee approved a FY2022 ~~bil~~ bill, H.R. 4374, by , H.R. 4374, by
voice vote on June 18, 2021. The legislation, which includes $63.976 voice vote on June 18, 2021. The legislation, which includes $63.976 ~~bil ion~~billion in new SFOPS in new SFOPS
budget authority ($62.401 after rescissions), was approved by the full Appropriations Committee budget authority ($62.401 after rescissions), was approved by the full Appropriations Committee
on July 1, 2021, and by the House of Representatives on July 28, 2021. on July 1, 2021, and by the House of Representatives on July 28, 2021.
Senate Legislation. FY2022 SFOPS legislation FY2022 SFOPS legislation ~~has not been introduced in the Senate to date.~~
~~Continuing Resolution~~, S. 3075, was introduced in the Senate on October 26. It has yet to be considered by the Senate SFOPS subcommittee. It is not included in the tables and figures in this report, though the report may be updated in the event that committee action occurs. Continuing Resolutions. No appropriations legislation for FY2022, including for SFOPS, was No appropriations legislation for FY2022, including for SFOPS, was
enacted before FY2022 began on October 1, 2021. To prevent a lapse in appropriations, a enacted before FY2022 began on October 1, 2021. To prevent a lapse in appropriations, a
continuing resolution, continuing resolution, the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43)~~P.L. 117-43~~, was enacted on September 30, 2021, to continue funding , was enacted on September 30, 2021, to continue funding
federal agencies federal agencies ~~in FY2022, largely at FY2021 levels, until December 3, 2021.6~~
until December 3, 2021. Funding was largely continued at FY2021 levels, but the legislation provided an additional $2.17 billion in SFOPS accounts for activities related to assisting individuals at risk in Afghanistan.6 A second continuing resolution, the Further Extending Government Funding Act (P.L. 117-70), was enacted and signed into law on December 3, extending appropriations through February 18, 2022. This legislation also largely continued SFOPS funding at the FY2021 level, while including an additional $1.28 billion within SFOPS accounts to support evacuation and resettlement activities related to the situation in Afghanistan.7 State Department Operations and Related Agency
Funding Highlights
The Biden Administration’s FY2022 request seeks $18.4 The Biden Administration’s FY2022 request seeks $18.4 ~~bil ion~~billion in funding for the Department of in funding for the Department of
State and Related Agency appropriations accounts, or approximately 5% more than the FY2021 State and Related Agency appropriations accounts, or approximately 5% more than the FY2021
enacted level of $17.5 enacted level of $17.5 ~~bil ion.~~ billion. Priorities the Administration intends to fund through these accounts Priorities the Administration intends to fund through these accounts
in FY2022 include in FY2022 include
 revitalizing  revitalizing the foreign policy workforce and broadening diversity, equity, and the foreign policy workforce and broadening diversity, equity, and
inclusion; inclusion;
 modernizing the State Department’s information technology and enhancing  modernizing the State Department’s information technology and enhancing
cybersecurity; cybersecurity;
 supporting international organizations and peacekeeping; and  supporting international organizations and peacekeeping; and
 sustaining security operations and consular services. sustaining security operations and consular services.7
~~Table 3. State Department and Related Agency: Selected Accounts~~
~~(In bil ions of current U.S. dol ars; includes OCO funds)~~
%
~~change,~~
~~FY21~~
~~enacted~~
~~FY2020~~
~~FY2021~~
~~FY2022~~
~~to FY22~~
~~FY2022~~
~~Account~~
~~Actual~~
~~Enacted~~
~~Request~~
~~request~~
~~House~~
~~Diplomatic Programs~~
~~9.51~~
~~9.37~~
~~9.49~~
~~1.2%~~
~~9.48~~
~~Worldwide Security Protection~~
~~4.10~~
~~4.12~~
~~4.08~~
~~-1.1%~~
~~4.08~~
~~Embassy Security, Construction &~~
~~1.98~~
~~1.95~~
~~1.98~~
~~1.7%~~
~~2.00~~
~~Maintenance~~
~~Educational & Cultural Exchange Programs~~
~~0.74~~
~~0.74~~
~~0.74~~
~~0.1%~~
~~0.75~~
~~International Organizations~~
~~3.00~~
~~2.96~~
~~3.59~~
~~21.2%~~
~~3.59~~
~~U.S. Agency for Global Media~~
~~0.81~~
~~0.80~~
~~0.81~~
~~0.9%~~
~~0.82~~

~~6 P.L. 117-43 also included FY2022 SFOPS account funding in Division C, T itle IV: $276.9 million for Emergency~~
~~Diplomatic and Consular Services, $400 million for International Disaster Assistance, and $1,076.1 million for~~
~~Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance. It is unclear how this funding will affect final FY2022 appropriations.~~
~~7 U.S. Department of State, FY2022 Budget Request, slide presentation, May 28, 2021, p. 10.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

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~~Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs~~

%
~~change,~~
~~FY21~~
~~enacted~~
~~FY2020~~
~~FY2021~~
~~FY2022~~
~~to FY22~~
~~FY2022~~
~~Account~~
~~Actual~~
~~Enacted~~
~~Request~~
~~request~~
~~House~~
~~State and Related Agency Total~~
~~17.64~~
~~17.49~~
~~18.35~~
~~4.9%~~
~~18.20~~
~~(includes Function 300 funding and other~~
8 Continuing Resolution. P.L. 117-43, the continuing resolution that funded federal agencies in FY2022 through December 3, 2021, included an additional $276.9 million for 6 P.L. 117-43 also included FY2022 SFOPS account funding in Division C, Title IV: $276.9 million for Emergency Diplomatic and Consular Services, $400 million for International Disaster Assistance, and $1,076.1 million for Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance. It is unclear how this funding will affect final FY2022 appropriations. 7 Account details for the supplemental funding in the continuing resolutions is provided in the “State Department Operations and Related Agency Funding Highlights” and “Foreign Operations Highlights” sections of this report. 8 U.S. Department of State, FY2022 Budget Request, slide presentation, May 28, 2021, p. 10. Congressional Research Service 4 Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs the Emergencies in the Diplomatic and Consular Service (EDCS) account. The law specifies that such funding is for “support for Operation Allies Welcome and related efforts by the Department of State, including additional relocations of individuals at risk as a result of the situation in Afghanistan and related expenses” and to reimburse the account for previous obligations. The current continuing resolution, P.L. 117-70, expires on February 18, 2022. It provides an additional $44.3 million for the Diplomatic Programs account and $36 million for EDCS for the same purposes as those specified in P.L. 117-43. Table 3. State Department and Related Agency: Selected Accounts (In billions of current U.S. dollars; includes OCO funds) % change, FY21 enacted FY2020 FY2021 FY2022 to FY22 FY2022 Account Actual Enacted Request request House Diplomatic Programs 9.51 9.37 9.49 1.2% 9.48 Worldwide Security Protection 4.10 4.12 4.08 -1.1% 4.08 Embassy Security, Construction & 1.98 1.95 1.98 1.7% 2.00 Maintenance Educational & Cultural Exchange Programs 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.1% 0.75 International Organizations 3.00 2.96 3.59 21.2% 3.59 U.S. Agency for Global Media 0.81 0.80 0.81 0.9% 0.82 State and Related Agency Total 17.64 17.49 18.35 4.9% 18.20 (includes Function 300 funding and other commissions)
Sources: FY2022 SFOPS CBJ; H.R. 4373; P.L. 116-260; CRS calculations. State and Related Agency totals include FY2022 SFOPS CBJ; H.R. 4373; P.L. 116-260; CRS calculations. State and Related Agency totals include
additional funding for accounts not listed above. additional funding for accounts not listed above.
Diplomatic Programs
The Diplomatic Programs account is the State Department’s principal operating appropriation and The Diplomatic Programs account is the State Department’s principal operating appropriation and
funds several programs and functions, including funds several programs and functions, including
 most domestic and overseas Foreign Service and Civil Service personnel salaries;  most domestic and overseas Foreign Service and Civil Service personnel salaries;
 the State Department’s recruitment, diversity, and inclusion programs;  the State Department’s recruitment, diversity, and inclusion programs;
 public diplomacy programs; and  public diplomacy programs; and
 the operations and programs of the State Department’s strategic and managerial  the operations and programs of the State Department’s strategic and managerial
units, including the Bureaus of Administration, Budget and Planning, Information units, including the Bureaus of Administration, Budget and Planning, Information
Resource Management (the State Department’s information technology bureau), Resource Management (the State Department’s information technology bureau),
and Legislative Affairs as and Legislative Affairs as ~~wel~~ well as the Office of the Chief of Protocol.as the Office of the Chief of Protocol.8
~~The Biden Administration’s FY2022~~
~~Consular and Border Security Programs~~
~~request for the Diplomatic Programs~~
~~The Consular and Border Security Programs (CBSP)~~
~~account totals $9.5 bil ion, approximately~~
~~account funds many of the State Department’s core~~
~~1% more than the $9.4 bil ion Congress~~
~~consular functions, including the adjudication of visa and~~
~~provided in FY2021. As part of the Biden~~
~~passport applications. While CBSP is typical y~~9 9 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification: Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs, Fiscal Year 2022, pp. 16-20. Congressional Research Service 5 link to page 9 Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs The Biden Administration’s FY2022 request for the Diplomatic Programs Consular and Border Security Programs account totals $9.5 billion, approximately The Consular and Border Security Programs (CBSP) 1% more than the $9.4 billion Congress account funds many of the State Department’s core provided in FY2021. As part of the Biden consular functions, including the adjudication of visa and passport applications. While CBSP is typically funded funded
Administration’s stated commitment to Administration’s stated commitment to
through consular fees and surcharges, fee col ections through consular fees and surcharges, fee col ections have have
revitalizing revitalizing the foreign policy workforce, itthe foreign policy workforce, it declined considerably amid global travel restrictions declined considerably amid global travel restrictions
~~imposed~~ is requesting funding for an additional 485 imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic.during the COVID-19 pandemic.~~9 The Biden~~
~~is requesting funding for an additional 485~~10 The Biden Foreign Service and Civil Service
Administration Administration is forecasting that fee col ectionsis forecasting that fee col ections ~~wil remain~~
~~Foreign Service and Civil Service~~ wil remain positions, 337 of which would be funded
below pre-COVID-19 levels below pre-COVID-19 levels during FY2022. It is therefore during FY2022. It is therefore
~~positions, 337 of which would be funded~~
requesting that Congress provide a $320 mil ion requesting that Congress provide a $320 mil ion
through Diplomatic Programs. through Diplomatic Programs.1112 Within Within
appropriation for the CBSP account, extend broadened fee appropriation for the CBSP account, extend broadened fee
this request are 130 new Foreign Service expenditure and transfer authorities that wereexpenditure and transfer authorities that were ~~enacted~~
~~this request are 130 new Foreign Service~~ enacted Officer positions the Administration has
during the COVID-19 pandemic, and authorize new or during the COVID-19 pandemic, and authorize new or
~~Officer positions the Administration has~~indicated will be focused on advancing
increased consular fees or surcharges. increased consular fees or surcharges.1011 If enacted, the If enacted, the
~~indicated wil be focused on advancing~~
House bil would appropriate $320 mil ionHouse bil would appropriate $320 mil ion for CBSP and for CBSP and
U.S. prosperity and countering Chinese U.S. prosperity and countering Chinese
include some, include some, but not but not ~~al ,~~ all, of the fee-related legislative of the fee-related legislative
economic influence, defending U.S. economic influence, defending U.S.
provisions provisions the Biden Administrationthe Biden Administration requested.requested.
interests against malign influence from ~~interests against malign influence from~~

~~8 U.S. Department of State,~~ ~~Congressional Budget Justification: Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related~~
~~Program s, Fiscal Year 2022, pp. 16-20.~~
~~9 T o review the statutory authorization for the CBSP account, see Division J, T itle VII, Section 7081 of P.L. 115-31.~~
~~10 U.S. Department of State,~~ ~~Congressional Budget Justification, Appendix 1: Department of State Diplomatic~~
~~Engagem ent, Fiscal Year 2022, pp. 68-79~~
~~11 Ibid., p. 6.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

5

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Russia and other foreign actors, and engaging with the United Nations and other organizations.Russia and other foreign actors, and engaging with the United Nations and other organizations.1213
The request includes funding for 20 new Civil Service positions to support the Bureau of The request includes funding for 20 new Civil Service positions to support the Bureau of
Information Resource Management’s cybersecurity and risk management programs.Information Resource Management’s cybersecurity and risk management programs.13
14 The Biden Administration’s Diplomatic Programs request also includes $46.5 The Biden Administration’s Diplomatic Programs request also includes $46.5 ~~mil ion~~million for for
diversity and inclusion resources, which would be $25.1 diversity and inclusion resources, which would be $25.1 ~~mil ion~~million more than the funding provided more than the funding provided
for these purposes in FY2021.for these purposes in FY2021.1415 Among other priorities, the request proposes language for Among other priorities, the request proposes language for
inclusion in the FY2022 SFOPS appropriations measure that the State Department maintains inclusion in the FY2022 SFOPS appropriations measure that the State Department maintains
would expand its abilitywould expand its ability to offer paid internships and $10 to offer paid internships and $10 ~~mil ion~~ million to fund such internships. The to fund such internships. The
State Department notes that providing compensation for interns State Department notes that providing compensation for interns ~~wil~~ will “ensure that “ensure that al all eligible eligible
candidates can take advantage of [internship programs], regardless of background.”candidates can take advantage of [internship programs], regardless of background.”1516 The request The request
also prioritizes disability hiring programs; additional diversity and inclusion content within also prioritizes disability hiring programs; additional diversity and inclusion content within
orientation, leadership, and tradecraft classes for State Department personnel; and coaching orientation, leadership, and tradecraft classes for State Department personnel; and coaching
services for employees from under-represented groups.services for employees from under-represented groups.1617
House Legislation. If enacted, H.R. 4373 would appropriate approximately $9.5 If enacted, H.R. 4373 would appropriate approximately $9.5 ~~bil ion~~billion for for
Diplomatic Programs. This Diplomatic Programs. This ~~overal~~ overall funding level is less than the Biden Administration’s request funding level is less than the Biden Administration’s request
(se(see Table 3). The House . The House ~~bil~~ bill seeks to provide $3.2 seeks to provide $3.2 ~~bil ion~~billion for the Diplomatic Programs account’s for the Diplomatic Programs account’s
Human Resources funding category (through which funds are directed toward salaries for Human Resources funding category (through which funds are directed toward salaries for
domestic and overseas U.S. direct hire employees), identical to the Biden Administration’s domestic and overseas U.S. direct hire employees), identical to the Biden Administration’s
request for Human Resources.request for Human Resources.~~17 Additional y~~18 Additionally, the House Appropriations Committee report 10 To review the statutory authorization for the CBSP account, see Division J, Title VII, Section 7081 of P.L. 115-31. 11 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, Appendix 1: Department of State Diplomatic Engagement, Fiscal Year 2022, pp. 68-79 12 Ibid., p. 6. 13 Ibid., p. 48 14 Ibid., p. 50. 15 Ibid., p. 46. 16 Ibid., pp. 41, 95. 17 Ibid., pp. 90, 95-96. 18 U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, State Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2022, report to accompany H.R. 4373, 117th Cong., 1st sess., H.Rept. 117-84, (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service 6 link to page 11 Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs ~~, the House Appropriations Committee report~~
accompanying this accompanying this ~~bil~~ bill states that it provides sufficient resources for the Administration to states that it provides sufficient resources for the Administration to
“restore and expand” the State Department’s workforce.“restore and expand” the State Department’s workforce.1819 With respect to diversity and inclusion, With respect to diversity and inclusion,
the committee report notes that the the committee report notes that the ~~bil~~ bill includes funding for the State Department “to prioritize includes funding for the State Department “to prioritize
~~initiatives~~ initiatives aimed at making real and sustainable progress in diversifying our foreign policy aimed at making real and sustainable progress in diversifying our foreign policy
workforce.”workforce.”1920 Furthermore, H.R. 4373 includes language similar to what the State Department Furthermore, H.R. 4373 includes language similar to what the State Department
requested that, if enacted, would enable the State Department to offer additional paid internships. requested that, if enacted, would enable the State Department to offer additional paid internships.
The committee report recommends not less than $10 The committee report recommends not less than $10 ~~mil ion~~million for this purpose, in line with the for this purpose, in line with the
Administration’s request.Administration’s request.20
21 Diplomatic Security
The Worldwide Security Protection (WSP) The Worldwide Security Protection (WSP) ~~al ocation~~allocation within the Diplomatic Programs account within the Diplomatic Programs account
and the Embassy Security, Construction, and Maintenance (ESCM) account are often referred to and the Embassy Security, Construction, and Maintenance (ESCM) account are often referred to
as the “diplomatic security accounts” within SFOPS. WSP funds the Bureau of Diplomatic as the “diplomatic security accounts” within SFOPS. WSP funds the Bureau of Diplomatic
Security (DS), which is responsible for implementing the State Department’s security programs Security (DS), which is responsible for implementing the State Department’s security programs

~~12 Ibid., p. 48~~
~~13 Ibid., p. 50.~~
~~14 Ibid., p. 46.~~
~~15 Ibid., pp. 41, 95.~~
~~16 Ibid., pp. 90, 95-96.~~
~~17 U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations,~~ ~~State Foreign Operations, and Related Programs~~
~~Appropriations Bill, 2022, report to accompany H.R. 4373, 117th Cong., 1st sess., H.Rept. 117-84, (Washington, DC:~~
~~GPO, 2020), p. 10; U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, Appendix 1 , pp. 48, 53.~~
~~18 House Committee on Appropriations, State Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2022 , p.~~
4.
~~19 House Committee on Appropriations, State Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2022 , p.~~
6.
~~20 Ibid., p. 12. See also Section 7063(d)(4) of H.R. 4373.~~
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to protect U.S. embassies and other overseas posts, diplomatic residences, and domestic State to protect U.S. embassies and other overseas posts, diplomatic residences, and domestic State
Department offices.Department offices.2122 The ESCM account funds the Bureau of Overseas Building Operations, The ESCM account funds the Bureau of Overseas Building Operations,
which is tasked with providing U.S. diplomatic and consular missions overseas with secure, which is tasked with providing U.S. diplomatic and consular missions overseas with secure,
functional, and resilient facilities and serving as the single manager for nonmilitary U.S. functional, and resilient facilities and serving as the single manager for nonmilitary U.S.
Government real property abroad.Government real property abroad.22
23 For FY2022, the Administration requested approximately $6.1 For FY2022, the Administration requested approximately $6.1 ~~bil ion~~billion for the diplomatic security for the diplomatic security
accounts: $4.1 accounts: $4.1 ~~bil ion~~billion for WSP and $2.0 for WSP and $2.0 ~~bil ion~~ billion for ESCM. The Administration’s request is less for ESCM. The Administration’s request is less
than the funding Congress provided for these accounts in FY2021 (than the funding Congress provided for these accounts in FY2021 (seesee Table 4)..
Table 4. Diplomatic Security Annual Appropriations, FY2020 Actual-FY2022 Request
(In (In ~~bil ions~~billions of current U.S. of current U.S. ~~dol ars~~dollars, includes OCO funds) , includes OCO funds)
% change, FY21
FY2020
FY2021
FY2022
enacted to FY22
FY2022
Account
Actual
Enacted
Request
request
House
Worldwide Worldwide Security Protection Security Protection
4.10 4.10
4.12 4.12
4.08 4.08
-1.1% -1.1%
4.08 4.08
Embassy Security, Embassy Security, Construction, Construction,
1.98 1.98
1.95 1.95
1.98 1.98
1.7% 1.7%
2.00 2.00
and Maintenance and Maintenance
Diplomatic Security (total)
6.08
6.07
6.06
-0.2%
6.08
Sources: FY2022 SFOPS CBJ; H.R. 4373 P.L. 116-260; CRS calculations. FY2022 SFOPS CBJ; H.R. 4373 P.L. 116-260; CRS calculations.
Notes: Percentage changes may not reflect numbers included in this table due to rounding. Annual Percentage changes may not reflect numbers included in this table due to rounding. Annual
appropriations data do not reflect available carryover funds.appropriations data do not reflect available carryover funds.23
~~The Administration’s FY2022 WSP-funded priorities include 70 new DS overseas special agent~~
~~positions, which it maintains are “instrumental to reducing overseas staffing gaps and mitigating~~
~~future year retirement trends.”24 The request also seeks funding for expanding the Assistant~~
~~Regional Security Officer Investigator (ARSO-I) program to combat visa and passport fraud and~~
~~related human trafficking concerns, among other priorities.25 With regard to ESCM, the request~~
~~cal s for around $1 bil ion for the State Department’s share of the Capital Security Cost Sharing~~
~~and Maintenance Cost Sharing Programs (CSCS/MCS), which fund the planning, design,~~
~~construction, and maintenance of the United States’ overseas diplomatic posts. The~~
~~Administration maintains that this request, when combined with contributions from other~~
~~agencies with overseas personnel, wil fund these programs at the $2.2 bil ion level recommended~~
~~by the Benghazi Accountability Review Board.26~~

~~21 U.S.~~ 24 GPO, 2020), p. 10; U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, Appendix 1, pp. 48, 53. 19 House Committee on Appropriations, State Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2022, p. 4. 20 House Committee on Appropriations, State Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2022, p. 6. 21 Ibid., p. 12. See also Section 7063(d)(4) of H.R. 4373. 22 U.S. Department of State, Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 20. , p. 20.
2223 U.S. U.S. Department of State, Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, Appendix 1, pp. 2, 321. , pp. 2, 321.
2324 Over the past several years, Congress provided no-year appropriations for both WSP and ESCM, Over the past several years, Congress provided no-year appropriations for both WSP and ESCM, thereby authorizing thereby authorizing
the State Department to indefinitely retain appropriated funds beyond the fiscal year for which they were appropriated. the State Department to indefinitely retain appropriated funds beyond the fiscal year for which they were appropriated.
~~As a result, the department has carried over balances of unexpired, unobligated WSP and ESCM funds each year that it~~
~~is authorized to obligate for purposes including multiyear construction projects and unexpected security contingencies.~~
~~24 Ibid., p. 21.~~
~~25 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022 Appendix, pp. 304-305, at https://www.usaid.gov/results-and-data/budget-spending/~~
~~congressional-budget -justification/fy2022. For background on ARSO-I, see U.S. Department of State, Bureau of~~
~~Diplomatic Security, “ T he Investigative Global Force Multiplier: Diplomatic Security Service’s Assistant Regional~~
~~Security Officer-Investigators,” May 27, 2020, at https://www.state.gov/the-investigative-global-force-multiplier-~~
~~diplomatic-security-services-assistant -regional-security-officer-investigators/.~~
~~26 Ibid., p. 322.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

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Congressional Research Service 7 Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs The Administration’s FY2022 WSP-funded priorities include 70 new DS overseas special agent positions, which it maintains are “instrumental to reducing overseas staffing gaps and mitigating future year retirement trends.”25 The request also seeks funding for expanding the Assistant Regional Security Officer Investigator (ARSO-I) program to combat visa and passport fraud and related human trafficking concerns, among other priorities.26 With regard to ESCM, the request calls for around $1 billion for the State Department’s share of the Capital Security Cost Sharing and Maintenance Cost Sharing Programs (CSCS/MCS), which fund the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of the United States’ overseas diplomatic posts. The Administration maintains that this request, when combined with contributions from other agencies with overseas personnel, will fund these programs at the $2.2 billion level recommended by the Benghazi Accountability Review Board.27 House Legislation. H.R. 4373, if enacted, would appropriate funding for WSP at a level identical H.R. 4373, if enacted, would appropriate funding for WSP at a level identical
to the Biden Administration’s request and include slightly ($12.3 to the Biden Administration’s request and include slightly ($12.3 ~~mil ion~~million) more funding for ) more funding for
ESCM.ESCM.2728 H.R. 4373 does not directly address the Administration’s request for additional overseas H.R. 4373 does not directly address the Administration’s request for additional overseas
DS special agents. The report accompanying this DS special agents. The report accompanying this ~~bil~~ bill states that it includes the funding the states that it includes the funding the
Administration requires to hire additionalAdministration requires to hire additional State Department personnel more State Department personnel more ~~general y.28~~generally.29 Neither Neither
the the ~~bil~~ bill nor the committee report nor the committee report ~~specifical y~~specifically address the proposed ARSO-I expansion. However, address the proposed ARSO-I expansion. However,
~~the bil~~ the bill appears to include sufficient funding to expand the program, as the appears to include sufficient funding to expand the program, as the ~~overal~~ overall funding it funding it
appropriates for WSP is equal to the Administration’s request. Regarding the ESCM account, the appropriates for WSP is equal to the Administration’s request. Regarding the ESCM account, the
House House ~~bil~~ bill would provide around $2.1 would provide around $2.1 ~~bil ion~~billion for the CSCS/MCS programs (when factoring in for the CSCS/MCS programs (when factoring in al
all funding sources), or nearly 4% less than the Biden Administration’s request.funding sources), or nearly 4% less than the Biden Administration’s request.2930 The House The House ~~bil~~
bill appropriates $12.3 appropriates $12.3 ~~mil ion~~million more than the Biden Administration requested in more than the Biden Administration requested in ~~overal~~ overall funding for funding for
ESCM. If enacted, the ESCM. If enacted, the ~~bil~~ bill would thus include more funding than requested for other ESCM-would thus include more funding than requested for other ESCM-
~~funded priorities.30~~
~~Assessed Contributions to International Organizations and~~
~~Peacekeeping Missions~~
~~The Contributions to International Organizations (CIO) account is the funding vehicle for the~~
~~United States’ payments of its assessed contributions (membership dues) to 43 international~~
~~organizations. These include the United Nations (U.N.) and organizations in the U.N. system~~
~~(among them the World Health Organization, or WHO), inter-American organizations such as the~~
~~Organization of American States, and regional organizations including the North Atlantic Treaty~~
~~Organization (NATO).31 Separately, the United States pays its assessed contributions to U.N.~~
~~peacekeeping missions through the Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities~~
~~(CIPA) account.32 U.S. funding to international organizations is also provided through various~~
~~SFOPS multilateral assistance accounts (see “Foreign Operations Highlights,” below).~~
~~The Biden Administration requested a combined $3.6 bil ion for these accounts for FY2022. If~~
~~enacted, this funding level would total a 21% increase from the funds Congress appropriated for~~
~~FY2021. Table 5 shows recent funding levels for each account.~~

~~27 T he Biden Administration’s precise requests for WSP and ESCM, as provided in the State Department’s FY2022~~
~~Congressional Budget Justification, total $4,075,899,000 and $1,983,149,000, respectively. T he funding totals in the~~
~~House bill for WSP and ESCM total $4,075,899,000 and $1,995,449,000, respectively.~~
~~28 House Committee on Appropriations, State Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2022 , p.~~
4.
~~29 T he Biden Administration’s request totaled $2,204,997,000. If enacted, the House bill would~~ funded priorities.31 As a result, the department has carried over balances of unexpired, unobligated WSP and ESCM funds each year that it is authorized to obligate for purposes including multiyear construction projects and unexpected security contingencies. 25 Ibid., p. 21. 26 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022 Appendix, pp. 304-305, at https://www.usaid.gov/results-and-data/budget-spending/congressional-budget-justification/fy2022. For background on ARSO-I, see U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Diplomatic Security, “The Investigative Global Force Multiplier: Diplomatic Security Service’s Assistant Regional Security Officer-Investigators,” May 27, 2020, at https://www.state.gov/the-investigative-global-force-multiplier-diplomatic-security-services-assistant-regional-security-officer-investigators/. 27 Ibid., p. 322. 28 The Biden Administration’s precise requests for WSP and ESCM, as provided in the State Department’s FY2022 Congressional Budget Justification, total $4,075,899,000 and $1,983,149,000, respectively. The funding totals in the House bill for WSP and ESCM total $4,075,899,000 and $1,995,449,000, respectively. 29 House Committee on Appropriations, State Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2022, p. 4. 30 The Biden Administration’s request totaled $2,204,997,000. If enacted, the House bill would provide provide
$2,124,000,000. See $2,124,000,000. See Congressional Budget Justification, Appendix 1, p. 323, and House Committee on Appropriations, , p. 323, and House Committee on Appropriations,
State Foreign Operations, and Related ~~Program s~~Programs Appropriations Bill, 2022, p. 24. , p. 24.
3031 Such Such priorities may includepriorities may include the Compound Security Upgradethe Compound Security Upgrade Program, which funds comprehensive security upgrade Program, which funds comprehensive security upgrade
projects at U.S. overseas posts and anti-ram vehicle barrier installations, among other projects. See U.S.projects at U.S. overseas posts and anti-ram vehicle barrier installations, among other projects. See U.S. Department of Department of
State, State, Congressional Budget Justification, Appendix 1, p. 323. , p. 323.
~~31 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, pp. 48-49.~~
~~32 Ibid., pp. 51-53.~~
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~~Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs~~
Congressional Research Service 8 link to page 14 link to page 13 Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Assessed Contributions to International Organizations and Peacekeeping Missions The Contributions to International Organizations (CIO) account is the funding vehicle for the United States’ payments of its assessed contributions (membership dues) to 43 international organizations. These include the United Nations (U.N.) and organizations in the U.N. system (among them the World Health Organization, or WHO), inter-American organizations such as the Organization of American States, and regional organizations including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).32 Separately, the United States pays its assessed contributions to U.N. peacekeeping missions through the Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities (CIPA) account.33 U.S. funding to international organizations is also provided through various SFOPS multilateral assistance accounts (see “Foreign Operations Highlights,” below). The Biden Administration requested a combined $3.6 billion for these accounts for FY2022. If enacted, this funding level would total a 21% increase from the funds Congress appropriated for FY2021. Table 5 shows recent funding levels for each account.
Table 5. U.S. Payments of Assessments to International Organizations and
Peacekeeping Missions, FY2019-FY2021 Request
(In (In ~~bil ions~~billions of current U.S. of current U.S. ~~dol ars~~dollars; includes OCO funds) ; includes OCO funds)
% change,
FY21
enacted to
FY2020
FY2021
FY2022
FY22
FY2022
Account
Actual
Enacted
Request
request
House
Contributions to International Organizations Contributions to International Organizations
1.47 1.47
1.51 1.51
1.66 1.66
10.4% 10.4%
1.66 1.66
Contributions for International Contributions for International
1.53 1.53
1.46 1.46
1.93 1.93
32.4% 32.4%
1.93 1.93
Peacekeeping Activities Peacekeeping Activities
Total
3.00
2.97
3.59
21.2%
3.59
Sources: FY2022 SFOPS CBJ; H.R. 4373; P.L. 116-260; CRS calculations. FY2022 SFOPS CBJ; H.R. 4373; P.L. 116-260; CRS calculations.
Notes: Percentage changes may not reflect numbers included in this table due to rounding. Percentage changes may not reflect numbers included in this table due to rounding.
The Biden Administration maintains that its CIO request provides funding for “international The Biden Administration maintains that its CIO request provides funding for “international
programs and organizations whose missions programs and organizations whose missions ~~substantial y~~substantially advance U.S. foreign policy interests.” advance U.S. foreign policy interests.”
The Administration further notes that the request reflects its expectation that international The Administration further notes that the request reflects its expectation that international
organizations should “rein in costs,” improve their efficiency and effectiveness, enhance their organizations should “rein in costs,” improve their efficiency and effectiveness, enhance their
accountability and transparency, and share funding burdens more equitably among member accountability and transparency, and share funding burdens more equitably among member
states.states.3334 Among other priorities, the request seeks $75 Among other priorities, the request seeks $75 ~~mil ion~~million for payments to the U.N. for payments to the U.N.
Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).3435 The Administration is also 32 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, pp. 48-49. 33 Ibid., pp. 51-53. 34 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, pp. 48-49. 35 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, Appendix 1, p. 363 Congressional Research Service 9 Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs ~~The Administration is also~~
requesting authority for the United States to rejoin UNESCO.requesting authority for the United States to rejoin UNESCO.3536 The Trump Administration The Trump Administration
withdrew the United States from UNESCO in 2018.withdrew the United States from UNESCO in 2018.3637
For CIPA, the Biden Administration asserts that its FY2022 request advances its intent to fully For CIPA, the Biden Administration asserts that its FY2022 request advances its intent to fully
fund the United States’ U.N. peacekeeping commitments and pay down over $900 fund the United States’ U.N. peacekeeping commitments and pay down over $900 ~~mil ion~~million in in
arrears that have accumulated over the past four years (this figure excludes previously arrears that have accumulated over the past four years (this figure excludes previously
accumulated arrears).accumulated arrears).3738 The accumulation of such arrears owes in part to the United Nations’ The accumulation of such arrears owes in part to the United Nations’
current assessment of the U.S. share of U.N. peacekeeping budgets, which totals 27.89%. This current assessment of the U.S. share of U.N. peacekeeping budgets, which totals 27.89%. This
exceeds the 25% congressional cap on payments for this purpose that Congress has kept in place exceeds the 25% congressional cap on payments for this purpose that Congress has kept in place
since 1994 due to concerns that U.S. assessments are too high.since 1994 due to concerns that U.S. assessments are too high.3839 The Biden Administration’s request asks for $300 million to begin paying down such arrears; the Administration intends to pay down the remainder in FY2023.40 The request also proposes language that, if enacted, would authorize the State Department to make funds available for U.N. peacekeeping missions above the aforementioned 25% statutory cap.41 House Legislation. If enacted, the House bill would fund CIO and CIPA at the levels the Biden Administration requested. While the bill seeks to provide an appropriation for CIO that is equal to the Biden Administration’s request, which incorporates requested funding for UNESCO, the bill does not include the waiver authority the Biden Administration requested that would allow the United States to rejoin the organization. The House bill includes both the $300 million the Biden Administration requested for the payment of peacekeeping arrears and requested legislative language to allow the State Department to make funds available for U.N. peacekeeping missions in excess of the 25% statutory cap.42 Foreign Operations Highlights The SFOPS appropriation’s foreign operations accounts comprise the majority of U.S. foreign assistance included in the international affairs budget; the remainder is enacted in the agriculture appropriation, which provides funding for the Food for Peace Act, Title II and McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Programs.43 The Biden Administration’s FY2022 request for Foreign Operations accounts totals $44.3 billion. The total foreign assistance 36 For additional background, see CRS In Focus ~~The Biden Administration’s~~

~~33 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, pp. 48-49.~~
~~34 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, Appendix 1, p. 363~~
~~35 For additional background, see CRS In Focus~~ IF10354, IF10354, United Nations Issues: U.S. Funding to the U.N. System , by , by
LuisaLuisa Blanchfield. Blanchfield.
3637 For more information, see CRS For more information, see CRS Insight IN10802, Insight IN10802, U.S. Withdrawal from the United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), by Luisa, by Luisa Blanchfield. Blanchfield.
37 38 For an overview of U.N. peacekeeping arrears accumulated prior to 2017, see CRS For an overview of U.N. peacekeeping arrears accumulated prior to 2017, see CRS In FocusIn Focus IF10597, IF10597, United
Nations Issues: U.S. Funding of U.N. Peacekeeping , by Luisa, by Luisa Blanchfield. Blanchfield.
3839 Over the years, the gap between the actual U.S. Over the years, the gap between the actual U.S. assessment and the cap led to fundingassessment and the cap led to funding shortfalls. shortfalls. ~~T he~~The State State
Department and Congress often covered these shortfalls by raising the cap for limited periods and allowingDepartment and Congress often covered these shortfalls by raising the cap for limited periods and allowing for the for the
application of U.N. peacekeeping credits (excess U.N. fundsapplication of U.N. peacekeeping credits (excess U.N. funds ~~from prev ious~~ from previous missions) to fund outstanding U.S. missions) to fund outstanding U.S.
balances. For several years, these actions allowedbalances. For several years, these actions allowed the United States to pay its peacekeeping assessments in full. the United States to pay its peacekeeping assessments in full.
However, since FY2017 Congress has declinedHowever, since FY2017 Congress has declined to raise the cap, and in mid-2017, the to raise the cap, and in mid-2017, the ~~T rump~~Trump Administration allowed Administration allowed
for the application of peacekeeping credits up to, but not beyond, the 25% capfor the application of peacekeeping credits up to, but not beyond, the 25% cap —which has led to the accumulation of —which has led to the accumulation of
about $920 million in U.S.about $920 million in U.S. arrears from FY2017 to FY2020.arrears from FY2017 to FY2020. For more information, see CRSFor more information, see CRS In FocusIn Focus IF10597, IF10597, United
Nations Issues: U.S. Funding of U.N. Peacekeeping , by Luisa, by Luisa Blanchfield. SeeBlanchfield. See also U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 51. 40 U.S. Department of State, FY2022 Budget Request, slide presentation, p. 42. 41 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022 Appendix 1, p. 397. See also 22 U.S.C. §287e note. 42 House Committee on Appropriations, State Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2022, p. 6. 43 For more on international food assistance programs, see CRS Report R45422, U.S. International Food Assistance: An Overview, by Alyssa R. Casey and Emily M. Morgenstern. Congressional Research Service 10 link to page 15 link to page 15 link to page 15 link to page 15 Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs request, including the food assistance provided in the agriculture appropriation, totals $46.1 billion, ~~also U.S. Department of State,~~
Congressional Budget Justification, p. 51.
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~~request asks for $300 mil ion to begin paying down such arrears; the Administration intends to~~
~~pay down the remainder in FY2023.39 The request also proposes language that, if enacted, would~~
~~authorize the State Department to make funds available for U.N. peacekeeping missions above~~
~~the aforementioned 25% statutory cap.40~~
House Legislation. If enacted, the House bil would fund CIO and CIPA at the levels the Biden
~~Administration requested. While the bil seeks to provide an appropriation for CIO that is equal to~~
~~the Biden Administration’s request, which incorporates requested funding for UNESCO, the bil~~
~~does not include the waiver authority the Biden Administration requested that would al ow the~~
~~United States to rejoin the organization. The House bil includes both the $300 mil ion the Biden~~
~~Administration requested for the payment of peacekeeping arrears and requested legislative~~
~~language to al ow the State Department to make funds available for U.N. peacekeeping missions~~
~~in excess of the 25% statutory cap.41~~
~~Foreign Operations Highlights~~
~~The SFOPS appropriation’s foreign operations accounts comprise the majority of U.S. foreign~~
~~assistance included in the international affairs budget; the remainder is enacted in the agriculture~~
~~appropriation, which provides funding for the Food for Peace Act, Title II and McGovern-Dole~~
~~International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Programs.42 The Biden Administration’s~~
~~FY2022 request for Foreign Operations accounts totals $44.3 bil ion. The total foreign assistance~~
~~request, including the food assistance provided in the agriculture appropriation, totals $46.1~~
~~bil ion,~~ representing an 11% increase from FY2021-enacted nonemergency funds (i.e., base and representing an 11% increase from FY2021-enacted nonemergency funds (i.e., base and
OCO) and a nearly 20% decrease from total enacted FY2021 appropriations (i.e., base, OCO, and OCO) and a nearly 20% decrease from total enacted FY2021 appropriations (i.e., base, OCO, and
emergency funds to address COVID-19 abroad, certain assistance for Sudan, and humanitarian emergency funds to address COVID-19 abroad, certain assistance for Sudan, and humanitarian
assistance for Afghanistan and Afghan refugees). Seassistance for Afghanistan and Afghan refugees). See Table 6 for a more detailed breakdown. for a more detailed breakdown.
Table 6. Foreign Assistance, by Type, FY2020-FY2022
(In (In ~~mil ions~~millions of current U.S. of current U.S. ~~dol ars~~dollars) )
%
%
Change,
Change,
FY2021
FY2021
Non-
Total
FY2021
Emerg.
Enact.
Enacted
FY2021
vs.
vs.
FY2020
Base +
Enacted
FY2022
FY2022
FY2022
FY2022
Type
Actual
OCO
~~Tota~~laTotala
Request
Req.
Req.
House
USAID Administration
1,766.05 1,766.05
1,711.45 1,711.45
1,752.45 1,752.45
1,862.65 1,862.65
8.8% 8.8%
6.3% 6.3%
1,790.62 1,790.62
Global Health Programs
9,559.95 9,559.95
9,195.95 9,195.95
13,195.95 13,195.95
10,050.95 10,050.95
9.3% 9.3%
-23.8% -23.8%
10,641.45 10,641.45
Non-Health Development
8,119.08 8,119.08
8,302.04 8,302.04
17,797.04 17,797.04
9,902.11 9,902.11
19.3% 19.3%
-44.4% -44.4%
9,272.00 9,272.00
Assistance
(includes Treasury Technical (includes Treasury Technical
Assistance) Assistance)

~~39 U.S. Department of State, FY2022 Budget Request, slide presentation, p. 42.~~
~~40 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022 Appendix 1, p. 397. See also 22 U.S.C. §287e note.~~
~~41 House Committee on Appropriations, State Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2022 , p.~~
6.
~~42 For more on international food assistance programs, see CRS Report R45422,~~ ~~U.S. International Food Assistance:~~
~~An Overview, by Alyssa R. Casey and Emily M. Morgenstern .~~
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%
%
~~Change,~~
~~Change,~~
~~FY2021~~
~~FY2021~~
~~Non-~~
~~Total~~
~~FY2021~~
~~Emerg.~~
~~Enact.~~
~~Enacted~~
~~FY2021~~
~~vs.~~
~~vs.~~
~~FY2020~~
~~Base +~~
~~Enacted~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2022~~
~~Type~~
~~Actual~~
~~OCO~~
~~Totala~~
~~Request~~
~~Req.~~
~~Req.~~
~~House~~
~~Humanitarian Assistance~~b Humanitarian Assistanceb
10,460.46 10,460.46
9,567.46 9,567.46
11,467.46 11,467.46
10,097.46 10,097.46
5.5% 5.5%
-11.9% -11.9%
10,267.46 10,267.46
Independent Agencies
1,474.00 1,474.00
1,393.50 1,393.50
1,393.50 1,393.50
1,393.50 1,393.50
0.0% 0.0%
0.0% 0.0%
1,430.00 1,430.00
Security Assistance
9,013.95 9,013.95
9,004.03 9,004.03
9,004.03 9,004.03
9,183.89 9,183.89
2.0% 2.0%
2.0% 2.0%
9,034.03 9,034.03
Multilateral Assistance
2,049.78 2,049.78
2,040.82 2,040.82
2,620.82 2,620.82
3,630.13 3,630.13
77.9% 77.9%
38.5% 38.5%
4,098.56 4,098.56
Export ~~Promotion~~Promotionc
59.16 59.16
159.00 159.00
159.00 159.00
-13.61 -13.61
-108.6% -108.6%
-108.6% -108.6%
223.80 223.80
Foreign Assistance Total
42,502.42 42,502.42
41,374.25 41,374.25
57,390.25 57,390.25
46,107.05 46,107.05
11.4% 11.4%
-19.7% -19.7%
46,757.92 46,757.92
Sources: SFOPS CBJ for FY2022; H.R. 4373; H.R. 4356; CRS calculations. SFOPS CBJ for FY2022; H.R. 4373; H.R. 4356; CRS calculations.
a. FY2021 enacted total includes emergencya. FY2021 enacted total includes emergency funding to address COVID-19 abroad, selectfunding to address COVID-19 abroad, select assistance for Sudan, assistance for Sudan,
and humanitarian assistance for Afghanistan and Afghan refugees. and humanitarian assistance for Afghanistan and Afghan refugees.
b. Includes Food for Peace Act, Title II funds appropriated in annual Agriculture appropriations. b. Includes Food for Peace Act, Title II funds appropriated in annual Agriculture appropriations.
c. Export Promotionc. Export Promotion numbers are negative when anticipated receiptsnumbers are negative when anticipated receipts and other offsetting col ectionsand other offsetting col ections are are
expected to exceed appropriations, resulting in a net gain to the Treasury. expected to exceed appropriations, resulting in a net gain to the Treasury.
The House FY2022 legislation The House FY2022 legislation provides a total of $46.8 provides a total of $46.8 ~~bil ion~~billion for foreign assistance (includes for foreign assistance (includes
food aid in the Agriculture appropriation, H.R. 4356). This represents a nearly 19% increase from food aid in the Agriculture appropriation, H.R. 4356). This represents a nearly 19% increase from
FY2021-enacted nonemergency funds, a 14% decrease from total FY2021-enacted funding, and a FY2021-enacted nonemergency funds, a 14% decrease from total FY2021-enacted funding, and a
~~5% increase over the Biden Administration’s request~~5% increase over the Biden Administration’s request. Continuing Resolution. The first continuing resolution for FY2022 (P.L. 117-43), which expired on December 3, 2021, included a total of nearly $1.9 billion in emergency funding to address humanitarian needs in Afghanistan and to assist Afghan refugees, among other objectives. The funds were provided through three accounts: IDA ($400 million), MRA ($415 million), and ERMA ($1.08 billion). The second continuing resolution for FY2022 (P.L. 117-70), expiring February 18, 2022, includes $1.2 billion in supplemental ERMA funds “for support for Operation Allies Welcome and related efforts by the Department of State, including additional relocations of individuals at risk as a result of the situation in Afghanistan and related expenses.” The CR also includes a provision that requires the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to Congressional Research Service 11 Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs provide a report to Congress no later than January 15, 2022, on Operation Allies Welcome that includes “a strategy and transition plan leading to the conclusion” of the operation, among other details. .
Cross-Cutting Issues
The Biden Administration’s budget request articulates certain global priorities for FY2022. These The Biden Administration’s budget request articulates certain global priorities for FY2022. These
include responding to climate change through bilateral and multilateralinclude responding to climate change through bilateral and multilateral efforts, addressing the efforts, addressing the
first- and second-order effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and combating rising first- and second-order effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and combating rising
authoritarianism. authoritarianism.
Climate Change
The Biden Administration has identified climate change response as a top priority. The Biden Administration has identified climate change response as a top priority. ~~Multilateral y~~Multilaterally, ,
the Biden Administration proposes a $625 the Biden Administration proposes a $625 ~~mil ion~~million contribution to the Green Climate Fund, which contribution to the Green Climate Fund, which
would be the first U.S. contribution since FY2017. The request also includes $300 would be the first U.S. contribution since FY2017. The request also includes $300 ~~mil ion~~million for the for the
Clean Technology Fund and $100 Clean Technology Fund and $100 ~~mil ion~~ million for Multilateral Climate Change Adaptation Funds. for Multilateral Climate Change Adaptation Funds.
~~Bilateral y,~~ Bilaterally, the Administration asserts that the request “increas[es] investments in systemic the Administration asserts that the request “increas[es] investments in systemic
change that promotes adaptation resilience, renewable energy, and sustainable landscapes.”change that promotes adaptation resilience, renewable energy, and sustainable landscapes.”4344 The The
AdministrationAdministration includes climate considerations in includes climate considerations in al all regional-specific requests as regional-specific requests as ~~wel~~ well as certain as certain
sector-specific requests such as those for food security and gender.sector-specific requests such as those for food security and gender.4445 The budget request also The budget request also
incorporates climate-related priorities into independent agency requests, such as those for the incorporates climate-related priorities into independent agency requests, such as those for the
Peace Corps, Peace Corps, ~~Mil ennium Chal enge~~Millennium Challenge Corporation, and the U.S. African Development Foundation. Corporation, and the U.S. African Development Foundation.

~~43 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022, p. 80.~~
~~44 Ibid.~~
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~~House Legislation.~~ ~~The House bil~~ House Legislation. The House bill, H.R. 4373, provides funds for both multilateral and bilateral , H.R. 4373, provides funds for both multilateral and bilateral
efforts to combat climate change. The efforts to combat climate change. The ~~bil~~ bill includes $1.6 includes $1.6 ~~bil ion~~ billion for the Green Climate Fund and for the Green Climate Fund and
$200 $200 ~~mil ion~~ million for the Clean Technology Fund. The report designates additional funds for climate for the Clean Technology Fund. The report designates additional funds for climate
efforts and directs agencies to incorporate climate into foreign assistance activities. For example, efforts and directs agencies to incorporate climate into foreign assistance activities. For example,
climate change is listed as a key issue in a number of regions, including the Indo-Pacific, Central climate change is listed as a key issue in a number of regions, including the Indo-Pacific, Central
America, and sub-Saharan Africa. The committee further directs that funds be made available for America, and sub-Saharan Africa. The committee further directs that funds be made available for
“climate change integration at the activity level at USAID, “climate change integration at the activity level at USAID, ~~especial y~~especially to increase the technical to increase the technical
expertise of USAID staff related to climate change mitigation and adaptation.” expertise of USAID staff related to climate change mitigation and adaptation.”
COVID-19
The FY2022 request proposes funds to address the first-order effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, The FY2022 request proposes funds to address the first-order effects of the COVID-19 pandemic,
including global health and humanitarian needs; second- and third-order effects, such as food including global health and humanitarian needs; second- and third-order effects, such as food
security, education, and economic security, education, and economic ~~chal enges~~challenges; and long-term pandemic preparedness efforts. The ; and long-term pandemic preparedness efforts. The
proposed investments for COVID-19 response include, among others, proposed investments for COVID-19 response include, among others,
 $995  $995 ~~mil ion~~ million for Global Healthfor Global Health Security to “enhance the global COVID response Security to “enhance the global COVID response
and strengthen global health security”; and strengthen global health security”;4546
 humanitarian assistance funds through the International Disaster Assistance  humanitarian assistance funds through the International Disaster Assistance
(IDA) and Migration and Refugee Assistance (MRA) accounts to aid the most (IDA) and Migration and Refugee Assistance (MRA) accounts to aid the most
44 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022, p. 80. 45 Ibid. 46 Ibid., p. 77. Congressional Research Service 12 Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs vulnerable populations and maintain ~~vulnerable populations and maintain~~ “global response capacity” in the wake of “global response capacity” in the wake of
COVID-19;COVID-19;4647
 Development Assistance (DA) education funds to “address the global learning  Development Assistance (DA) education funds to “address the global learning
crisis and respond to the impact of COVID-19 on education”; crisis and respond to the impact of COVID-19 on education”;4748 and and
 Economic Support Fund (ESF) monies to help regions recover from the  Economic Support Fund (ESF) monies to help regions recover from the
economic effects of COVID-19. economic effects of COVID-19.4849
House Legislation. The report accompanying the House measure (H.Rept. 117-84) notes that the The report accompanying the House measure (H.Rept. 117-84) notes that the
~~bil~~
bill makes a strong commitment to a global health architecture where every country has the makes a strong commitment to a global health architecture where every country has the
systemssystems ~~and policies to proactively respond to, and mitigate, emerging health threats ..~~
~~[and] provides a renewed commitment to development and the economic security~~ and policies to proactively respond to, and mitigate, emerging health threats ... [and] provides a renewed commitment to development and the economic security of of
countries seeking to recover from the ravages of the pandemic including closed schools, countries seeking to recover from the ravages of the pandemic including closed schools,
lost livelihoods, and rising levels of gender-based violence and discrimination. lost livelihoods, and rising levels of gender-based violence and discrimination.
The measure and accompanying report provide $1 The measure and accompanying report provide $1 ~~bil ion~~billion for Global Health Security; direct the for Global Health Security; direct the
USAID Administrator to address learning loss due to COVID-19, including through expanding USAID Administrator to address learning loss due to COVID-19, including through expanding
access to distance learning materials and technology; and recommend that USAID design access to distance learning materials and technology; and recommend that USAID design
COVID-19-sensitive water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) programs, among other provisions. COVID-19-sensitive water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) programs, among other provisions.
Rising Authoritarianism
The Biden Administration’s budget proposes funds to address rising authoritarianism and The Biden Administration’s budget proposes funds to address rising authoritarianism and
democratic backsliding, including in the context of COVID-19. A proposed $100 democratic backsliding, including in the context of COVID-19. A proposed $100 ~~mil ion~~million for for
USAID’s Bureau for Democracy, Development, and Innovation (DDI)—which is level when USAID’s Bureau for Democracy, Development, and Innovation (DDI)—which is level when

~~45 Ibid., p. 77.~~
~~46 Ibid., pp. 84 and 95.~~
~~47 Ibid., p. 81.~~
~~48 Ibid., pp. 87-88.~~
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compared to the FY2021 appropriation—“elevates anti-corruption, human rights, and countering compared to the FY2021 appropriation—“elevates anti-corruption, human rights, and countering
authoritarianism as strategic and programmatic priorities.”authoritarianism as strategic and programmatic priorities.”4950 The Administration also includes The Administration also includes
these priorities in some of its regional requests. The Assistance to Europe, Eurasia, and Central these priorities in some of its regional requests. The Assistance to Europe, Eurasia, and Central
Asia proposal for Europe and Eurasia, for example, is “focused on defending democracy, rule of Asia proposal for Europe and Eurasia, for example, is “focused on defending democracy, rule of
law, advancing human rights and gender equality, fighting corruption, and countering law, advancing human rights and gender equality, fighting corruption, and countering
authoritarianism.”authoritarianism.”5051
House Legislation. The House report accompanying H.R. 4373 asserts its support for the The House report accompanying H.R. 4373 asserts its support for the
Administration’s “commitment to strengthening and preserving democracies worldwide.” It Administration’s “commitment to strengthening and preserving democracies worldwide.” It
provides funds for the Democracy Fund at the level the Administration requested—which would provides funds for the Democracy Fund at the level the Administration requested—which would
be even with the FY2021-enacted level—and provides additionalbe even with the FY2021-enacted level—and provides additional funds for multilateral efforts, funds for multilateral efforts,
such as $4.5 such as $4.5 ~~mil ion~~million for the Organization of American States (OAS) Fund for Strengthening for the Organization of American States (OAS) Fund for Strengthening
Democracy and $3.5 Democracy and $3.5 ~~mil ion~~million for the U.N. Democracy Fund. 47 Ibid., pp. 84 and 95. 48 Ibid., p. 81. 49 Ibid., pp. 87-88. 50 Ibid., p. 91. 51 Ibid., p. 92. Congressional Research Service 13 link to page 18 Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs ~~for the U.N. Democracy Fund.~~
Foreign Operations Sectors
Global Health Programs (GHP)5152
Most of the global health funding in the USAID and the Department of State budgets is used for Most of the global health funding in the USAID and the Department of State budgets is used for
the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and infectious disease control the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and infectious disease control
(se(see Table 7)..5253 The Biden Administration requested $10.05 The Biden Administration requested $10.05 ~~bil ion~~billion in total for global health in total for global health
programs in FY2022, a nearly 24% decrease from total FY2021 Global Health Programs account programs in FY2022, a nearly 24% decrease from total FY2021 Global Health Programs account
funding but a 9% increase when FY2021 emergency funds are excluded. Funding for global funding but a 9% increase when FY2021 emergency funds are excluded. Funding for global
health security programs would increase by $825 health security programs would increase by $825 ~~mil ion~~million, or more than 429%, from FY2021 , or more than 429%, from FY2021
enacted nonemergency funding, which appears to reflect the Administration’s interest in enacted nonemergency funding, which appears to reflect the Administration’s interest in
pandemic preparedness efforts in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.pandemic preparedness efforts in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.5354 The Biden Administration The Biden Administration
announced in January 2021 that it would reengage with WHO, and included “the repayment of announced in January 2021 that it would reengage with WHO, and included “the repayment of
arrears” to WHO in the President’s FY2022 discretionary funding request summary.arrears” to WHO in the President’s FY2022 discretionary funding request summary.5455 These These
actions would reverse the Trump Administration’s decision to halt U.S. funding to the WHO and actions would reverse the Trump Administration’s decision to halt U.S. funding to the WHO and
“terminate” the U.S. relationship with the organization.“terminate” the U.S. relationship with the organization.5556
The Biden Administration also The Biden Administration also
 reversed the Mexico City Policy which, when invoked by previous presidents,  reversed the Mexico City Policy which, when invoked by previous presidents,
required nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) receiving U.S. foreign required nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) receiving U.S. foreign
assistance for family planning programs to certify that they would not promote or assistance for family planning programs to certify that they would not promote or
perform abortion as a method of family planning, even with non-U.S. funds; and perform abortion as a method of family planning, even with non-U.S. funds; and

~~49 Ibid., p. 91.~~
~~50 Ibid., p. 92.~~
~~51 Prepared by Sara T harakan, Analyst in Global Health and International Development, and T iaji Salaam -Blyther,~~
~~Specialist in Global Health.~~
~~52 For more information, see CRS In Focus IF11758, U.S. Global Health Funding: FY2017-FY2022 Request, by T iaji~~
~~Salaam-Blyther. Congress also appropriates global health funding to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,~~
~~all of which is focused on infectious disease prevention and control.~~
~~53 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022.~~
~~54 White House, The President’s FY2022 Discretionary Budget Request, April 9, 2021, p. 26.~~
~~55 For more on the T rump Administration’s decisions regarding WHO, as well as the withdrawal process, see CRS~~
~~Report R46575, U.S. Withdrawal from the World Health Organization: Process and Im plications, coordinated by T iaji~~
~~Salaam-Blyther.~~
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~~ revoked the Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance policy, which expanded~~
~~the Mexico City Policy on family planning and reproductive health (FP/RH)~~
~~funding to include al U.S. global health assistance.56~~
~~Additional y, the FY2022 budget request seeks funding increases for FP/RH programs (+$26~~
~~mil ion), as wel as for maternal and child health (+$24.5 mil ion).57~~
~~Table 7. Global Health Appropriations, FY2017-FY2022~~
~~(In mil ions of current U.S. dol ars)~~
~~FY2018~~
~~FY2019~~
~~FY2020~~
~~FY2021~~
~~FY2022~~
~~FY2022~~

~~Enacted~~
~~Enacted~~
~~Enacted~~
~~Enacted~~
~~Request~~
~~House~~
~~HIV/AIDS~~
~~4,320.0~~
~~4,370.0~~
~~4,370.0~~
~~4,370.0~~
~~4,370.0~~
~~4,520.0~~
~~Global Fund~~
~~1,350.0~~
~~1,350.0~~
~~1,560.0~~
~~1,560.0~~
~~1,560.0~~
~~1,560.0~~  revoked the Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance policy, which expanded the Mexico City Policy on family planning and reproductive health (FP/RH) funding to include all U.S. global health assistance.57 Additionally, the FY2022 budget request seeks funding increases for FP/RH programs (+$26 million), as well as for maternal and child health (+$24.5 million).58 Table 7. Global Health Appropriations, FY2017-FY2022 (In millions of current U.S. dollars) FY2018 FY2019 FY2020 FY2021 FY2022 FY2022 Enacted Enacted Enacted Enacted Request House HIV/AIDS 4,320.0 4,370.0 4,370.0 4,370.0 4,370.0 4,520.0 Global Fund 1,350.0 1,350.0 1,560.0 1,560.0 1,560.0 1,560.0 52 Prepared by Sara Tharakan, Analyst in Global Health and International Development, and Tiaji Salaam-Blyther, Specialist in Global Health. 53 For more information, see CRS In Focus IF11758, U.S. Global Health Funding: FY2017-FY2022 Request, by Tiaji Salaam-Blyther. Congress also appropriates global health funding to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, all of which is focused on infectious disease prevention and control. 54 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022. 55 White House, The President’s FY2022 Discretionary Budget Request, April 9, 2021, p. 26. 56 For more on the Trump Administration’s decisions regarding WHO, as well as the withdrawal process, see CRS Report R46575, U.S. Withdrawal from the World Health Organization: Process and Implications, coordinated by Tiaji Salaam-Blyther. 57 For more information on the MCP see CRS Report R41360, Abortion and Family Planning-Related Provisions in U.S. Foreign Assistance Law and Policy, by Luisa Blanchfield. 58 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022. Congressional Research Service 14 link to page 21 Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs FY2018 FY2019 FY2020 FY2021 FY2022 FY2022 Enacted Enacted Enacted Enacted Request House
Total, State-GHP Total, State-GHP
5,670.0 5,670.0
5,720.0 5,720.0
5,930.0 5,930.0
5,930.0 5,930.0
5,930.0 5,930.0
6,080.0 6,080.0
HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS
330.0 330.0
330.0 330.0
330.0 330.0
330.0 330.0
330.0 330.0
330.0 330.0
Tuberculosis Tuberculosis
261.0 261.0
302.0 302.0
310.0 310.0
319.0 319.0
319.0 319.0
469.0 469.0
Malaria Malaria
755.0 755.0
755.0 755.0
770.0 770.0
770.0 770.0
770.0 770.0
820.0 820.0
MCH MCH
829.5 829.5
835.0 835.0
851.0 851.0
855.0 855.0
879.5 879.5
880.0 880.0
Nutrition Nutrition
125.0 125.0
145.0 145.0
150.0 150.0
150.0 150.0
150.0 150.0
160.0 160.0
Vulnerable Children Vulnerable Children
23.0 23.0
24.0 24.0
25.0 25.0
25.0 25.0
25.0 25.0
30.0 30.0
FP/RH FP/RH
524.0 524.0
524.0 524.0
524.0 524.0
524.0 524.0
550.0 550.0
760.0 760.0
NTDs NTDs
100.0 100.0
102.5 102.5
102.5 102.5
102.5 102.5
102.5 102.5
112.5 112.5
GHS GHS
72.5 72.5
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
190.0 190.0
995.0 995.0
1,000.0 1,000.0
Total, USAID-GHP Total, USAID-GHP
3,020.0 3,020.0
3,117.5 3,117.5
3,162.5 3,162.5
3,265.5 3,265.5
4,121.0 4,121.0
4,561.5 4,561.5
Emergency GHP Emergency GHP

4,000.0 4,000.0

Total, GHP Total, GHP
8,690.0 8,690.0
8,837.5 8,837.5
9,092.5 9,092.5
13,195.5 13,195.5
10,051.0 10,051.0
10,641.5 10,641.5
Sources: Created by Tiaji Salaam-Blyther,Created by Tiaji Salaam-Blyther, ~~Specialist~~ Specialist in Global Health, from appropriations legislation and in Global Health, from appropriations legislation and
engagement with USAID legislativeengagement with USAID legislative affairs staff. affairs staff.
Notes: FY2021 emergency supplemental funding to combat COVID-19 abroad was enacted in Title IX of P.L. FY2021 emergency supplemental funding to combat COVID-19 abroad was enacted in Title IX of P.L.
116-260, but subaccount 116-260, but subaccount ~~al ocations~~allocations were not specified. were not specified. Table does not include funding for global health from Table does not include funding for global health from
other appropriations vehiclesother appropriations vehicles (e.g., CDC funding for global health activities(e.g., CDC funding for global health activities appropriated through Labor-HHS). appropriated through Labor-HHS).
MCH = Maternal and Child Health; FP/RH = Family Planning and Reproductive Health; NTDs = Neglected MCH = Maternal and Child Health; FP/RH = Family Planning and Reproductive Health; NTDs = Neglected
Tropical Diseases;Tropical Diseases; GHS = Global Health Security. GHS = Global Health Security.
The House measure, H.R. 4373, provides $10.6 The House measure, H.R. 4373, provides $10.6 ~~bil ion~~billion in global health funding for FY2022. The in global health funding for FY2022. The
~~bil~~ bill provides level or increased funding for each global health subaccount when compared with provides level or increased funding for each global health subaccount when compared with
the Biden Administration’s request. Compared with the Administration’s request, the the Biden Administration’s request. Compared with the Administration’s request, the ~~bil~~ bill provides provides
the largest increase (in dollar amount) to Family Planning/Reproductive Health and places a the largest increase (in dollar amount) to Family Planning/Reproductive Health and places a
particular emphasis on global health security and health systems strengthening. particular emphasis on global health security and health systems strengthening.

~~56 For more information on the MCP see CRS Report R41360,~~ ~~Abortion and Family Planning-Related Provisions in~~
~~U.S. Foreign Assistance Law and Policy, by Luisa Blanchfield.~~
~~57 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022.~~
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~~Humanitarian Assistance58~~ Humanitarian Assistance59
The U.S. government supports global efforts to assist people affected by conflict and natural The U.S. government supports global efforts to assist people affected by conflict and natural
disasters, consistently providing about one-third of total global humanitarian assistance. Such disasters, consistently providing about one-third of total global humanitarian assistance. Such
assistance is assistance is ~~general y~~generally appropriated through global humanitarian accounts administered through appropriated through global humanitarian accounts administered through
the State Department and USAID, including the Migration and Refugee Assistance (MRA), the State Department and USAID, including the Migration and Refugee Assistance (MRA),
Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance (ERMA), and International Disaster Assistance Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance (ERMA), and International Disaster Assistance
(IDA) accounts in the SFOPS appropriation, and the Food for Peace, Title II account (FFP) in the (IDA) accounts in the SFOPS appropriation, and the Food for Peace, Title II account (FFP) in the
Agriculture appropriation. Continuing a Agriculture appropriation. Continuing a ~~longstanding~~long-standing trend across Administrations, Congress has trend across Administrations, Congress has
supported global humanitarian efforts at appropriation levels supported global humanitarian efforts at appropriation levels ~~wel~~ well above the budget request (see above the budget request (see
Figure 3)..
Experts agree that the scope of global humanitarian and displacement crises has significantly Experts agree that the scope of global humanitarian and displacement crises has significantly
worsened in recent years,worsened in recent years,5960 and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic continues to exacerbate drivers and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic continues to exacerbate drivers
59 Prepared by Rhoda Margesson, Specialist in International Humanitarian Policy. 60 The United Nations reported that, worldwide, more than 235 million people required humanitarian assistance and protection and nearly 82.4 million persons were forcibly displaced, the highest number on record. In addition, natural disasters and deepening Congressional Research Service 15 Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs of humanitarian need. The U.N. 2021 global humanitarian appeal for $36.1 of humanitarian need. The U.N. 2021 global humanitarian appeal for $36.1 ~~bil ion~~ billion is the highest is the highest
ever. Enacted FY2021 U.S. humanitarian funding to date totals $11.467 ever. Enacted FY2021 U.S. humanitarian funding to date totals $11.467 ~~bil ion~~billion, which is also a , which is also a
record high. This total includes emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-31 (comprising record high. This total includes emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-31 (comprising
$500 $500 ~~mil ion~~ million for ERMA and $100 for ERMA and $100 ~~mil ion~~ million for MRA to address humanitarian needs in Afghanistan for MRA to address humanitarian needs in Afghanistan
and to assist Afghan refugees) and at least $800 and to assist Afghan refugees) and at least $800 ~~mil ion~~ million in FFP funds and $500 in FFP funds and $500 ~~mil ion~~million in MRA in MRA
funds provided for a broad range of needs through the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA, P.L. funds provided for a broad range of needs through the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA, P.L.
117-2).117-2).60

~~58 Prepared by Rhoda Margesson, Specialist in International Humanitarian Policy.~~
~~59 The United Nations reported that, worldwide, more than 235 million people required humanitarian assistance and protection and~~
~~nearly 82.4 million persons were forcibly displaced, the highest number on record. In addition, natural disasters and deepening~~
61 environmental vulnerability due to climate changeenvironmental vulnerability due to climate change ~~affect~~ affect millions of people everymillions of people every year. U.N. Officeyear. U.N. Office ~~for~~ for the Coordination of the Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs,Humanitarian Affairs, Global Humanitarian Overview 2021, December, December 2020 and May 31, 2021 update. U.N. High Commissioner for 2020 and May 31, 2021 update. U.N. High Commissioner for
Refugees,Refugees, Global Trends Report, June 18, 2021 (latest available). , June 18, 2021 (latest available).
6061 Section 10003 of ARPA also included Section 10003 of ARPA also included $3.09 billion under$3.09 billion under the Economic Support Fund authority “to be made the Economic Support Fund authority “to be made
available to available to ~~t he~~the United States Agency for International Development to prevent, prepare for, and respond to United States Agency for International Development to prevent, prepare for, and respond to
coronavirus, which shall includecoronavirus, which shall include support for international disastersupport for international disaster relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction, for relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction, for
health activities, and to meet emergency food security needs.” It is unclear if any of these fundshealth activities, and to meet emergency food security needs.” It is unclear if any of these funds ~~will~~ will be channeled be channeled
through the humanitarian accounts. through the humanitarian accounts.
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The Biden Administration’s budget request The Biden Administration’s budget request
for FY2022 for FY2022 ~~cal s~~calls for $10.1 for $10.1 ~~bil ion~~billion in in
Figure 3. U.S. Humanitarian Assistance, by
humanitarian assistance to support displaced humanitarian assistance to support displaced
Account (FY2014-FY2022 Req.)
and vulnerable persons worldwide, or about and vulnerable persons worldwide, or about
12% below the FY2021-enacted total. The 12% below the FY2021-enacted total. The
request includes $3.8 request includes $3.8 ~~bil ion~~billion for MRA, $100 for MRA, $100
~~mil ion~~ million for ERMA, $4.7 for ERMA, $4.7 ~~bil ion~~ billion for IDA, and for IDA, and
$1.6 $1.6 ~~bil ion~~ billion for FFP. It would shift $170.0 for FFP. It would shift $170.0
~~mil ion~~ million from FFP to IDA’s Emergency Food from FFP to IDA’s Emergency Food
Security Program in a stated effort to increase Security Program in a stated effort to increase
flexibilityflexibility in addressing urgent and growing in addressing urgent and growing
food insecurity. food insecurity.
House Legislation. The House measure, H.R. The House measure, H.R.
4373, would provide $8.5 4373, would provide $8.5 ~~bil ion~~billion in in
humanitarian funding through the MRA, humanitarian funding through the MRA,
ERMA, and IDA accounts. The House ERMA, and IDA accounts. The House
Agriculture appropriations Agriculture appropriations ~~bil ,~~ bill, H.R. 4356, H.R. 4356,
would provide $1.7 would provide $1.7 ~~bil ion~~ billion in FFP funding, in FFP funding,
bringing the total for humanitarian assistance bringing the total for humanitarian assistance
to nearly $10.3 to nearly $10.3 ~~bil ion~~ billion for FY2022, which for FY2022, which
represents an increase of close to 2% over the represents an increase of close to 2% over the
Administration’s request. Administration’s request.

Sources: Annual SFOPS CBJs and Omnibus Funding Annual SFOPS CBJs and Omnibus Funding
Legislation. Legislation.
Notes: MRA = Migration and Refugee Assistance, MRA = Migration and Refugee Assistance,
ERMA = Emergency Refugee and Migration ERMA = Emergency Refugee and Migration
Assistance,Assistance, IDA = International DisasterIDA = International Disaster Assistance, Assistance,
IHA = International Humanitarian Assistance,IHA = International Humanitarian Assistance, FFP = FFP =
Food for Peace. FY2020 enacted funding includes Food for Peace. FY2020 enacted funding includes
supplemental COVID-19 reliefsupplemental COVID-19 relief appropriations. appropriations.
FY2021-enacted funding includes emergency FY2021-enacted funding includes emergency
supplemental funds from P.L.supplemental funds from P.L. 117-31 and ARPA. 117-31 and ARPA.
Figure produced with Edward Col ins-Chase, Analyst Figure produced with Edward Col ins-Chase, Analyst
in Foreignin Foreign Policy. Policy.
*IHA account proposed under the Trump *IHA account proposed under the Trump
Administration.Administration. ~~Congress~~ Congress did not enact the proposed did not enact the proposed
funding reductions or changes to humanitarian funding reductions or changes to humanitarian
accounts. accounts.
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Security Assistance
The Biden Administration request includes The Biden Administration request includes
nearly $9.2 nearly $9.2 ~~bil ion~~ billion in security assistance, a in security assistance, a
Figure 4. Security Assistance by Account,
2% increase when compared with FY2021 2% increase when compared with FY2021
FY2021 Enact.-FY2022 Req.
enacted levels ( enacted levels (seesee Figure 4). As in past . As in past
(In (In ~~bil ions~~billions of current U.S. of current U.S. ~~dol ars~~dollars) )
years, Foreign Military Financing (FMF) years, Foreign Military Financing (FMF)
accounts for the largest share of security accounts for the largest share of security
assistance funding. The largest proposed assistance funding. The largest proposed
increase is to the International Narcotics increase is to the International Narcotics
Control and Law Enforcement (INCLE) Control and Law Enforcement (INCLE)
account. The Administration asserts that the account. The Administration asserts that the
10% proposed increase in INCLE would 10% proposed increase in INCLE would
largely help address the crime and violence largely help address the crime and violence
that contribute to irregular migration to the that contribute to irregular migration to the
United States, particularly from Central United States, particularly from Central
America. According to the request, $570 America. According to the request, $570
~~mil ion,~~ million, or 37% of proposed INCLE funding, or 37% of proposed INCLE funding,
would be would be ~~al ocated~~allocated to these efforts in Central to these efforts in Central
America. Other security assistance priorities America. Other security assistance priorities
identified in the request include countering identified in the request include countering
terrorist threats, including those posed by the terrorist threats, including those posed by the
Islamic State (IS) and Al Qaeda; supporting Islamic State (IS) and Al Qaeda; supporting
implementation of the Global Fragility Act of implementation of the Global Fragility Act of

2019 (Div. J, Title V of P.L. 116-94); 2019 (Div. J, Title V of P.L. 116-94);
Sources: FY2022 SFOPS CBJ; P.L. 116-260. FY2022 SFOPS CBJ; P.L. 116-260.
countering malign influences of China, countering malign influences of China,
Notes: FMF = Foreign Military FMF = Foreign Military Financing; IMET = Financing; IMET =
Russia, and Iran; and bolstering regional Russia, and Iran; and bolstering regional
International Military Education and Training; INCLE International Military Education and Training; INCLE
stability in the Middle East, including through stability in the Middle East, including through
= International Narcotics Control and Law = International Narcotics Control and Law
Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) support for Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) support for
Enforcement; NADR = Nonproliferation, Anti- Enforcement; NADR = Nonproliferation, Anti-
terrorism,terrorism, Demining and Related Programs; PKO = Demining and Related Programs; PKO =
the Multinational the Multinational Force and Observers Force and Observers
Peacekeeping Operations. Peacekeeping Operations.
mission in the Sinai. mission in the Sinai.
House Legislation. H.R. 4373 would provide $9.0 H.R. 4373 would provide $9.0 ~~bil ion~~billion in security assistance, representing a in security assistance, representing a
less than 1% increase from FY2021-enacted levels and a nearly 2% decrease from the less than 1% increase from FY2021-enacted levels and a nearly 2% decrease from the
Administration’s request.Administration’s request.
Development Assistance, Export Promotion, and Related Assistance
The remaining third of the FY2022 foreign operations request proposed to The remaining third of the FY2022 foreign operations request proposed to ~~al ocate~~allocate funds to funds to
nonhealth development sectors, independent agencies, multilateral assistance, and export nonhealth development sectors, independent agencies, multilateral assistance, and export
promotion agencies. promotion agencies.
Development Sectors
The Biden Administration’s request for FY2022 does not provide dollar amounts for many The Biden Administration’s request for FY2022 does not provide dollar amounts for many
nonhealth development sectors but offers detail on program priorities within some sectors. For nonhealth development sectors but offers detail on program priorities within some sectors. For
example, the Administration highlights investments in gender equality and equity, including $200 example, the Administration highlights investments in gender equality and equity, including $200
~~mil ion~~ million in proposed funds for the Gender Equity and Equality Action Fund, which the Biden in proposed funds for the Gender Equity and Equality Action Fund, which the Biden
Administration named as the successor to the Trump Administration’s Women’s Global Administration named as the successor to the Trump Administration’s Women’s Global
Development and Prosperity (W-GDP) Fund. Other key program areas include climate change Development and Prosperity (W-GDP) Fund. Other key program areas include climate change
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and the environment, democracy and governance to aid in the Administration’s goal of countering and the environment, democracy and governance to aid in the Administration’s goal of countering
rising global authoritarianism, and food security—in particular the Feed the Future Initiative. rising global authoritarianism, and food security—in particular the Feed the Future Initiative.
House Legislation. When compared with FY2021-enacted levels, the House measure (H.R. When compared with FY2021-enacted levels, the House measure (H.R.
4373) provides level or increased funding for most nonhealth development sectors in FY2022 4373) provides level or increased funding for most nonhealth development sectors in FY2022
(se(see Table 8). The education sector would see a decrease of $35 . The education sector would see a decrease of $35 ~~mil ion~~million (3%) when compared (3%) when compared
with the FY2021-enacted level. The largest increase is to environmental programs, which would with the FY2021-enacted level. The largest increase is to environmental programs, which would
see an increase of $303.5 see an increase of $303.5 ~~mil ion~~million (31%) over prior year appropriations. (31%) over prior year appropriations.
Table 8. Select Development Sectors, FY2020-FY2022
(In (In ~~mil ions~~millions of current U.S. of current U.S. ~~dol ars~~dollars) )
Sector
FY2020 Enacted
FY2021 Enacted
FY2022 House
Democracy Democracy Programs (excluding NED) Programs (excluding NED)
2,400.0 2,400.0
2,417.0 2,417.0
2,517.0 2,517.0
Education (basic and higher) Education (basic and higher)
1,110.0 1,110.0
1,235.0 1,235.0
1,200.0 1,200.0
Food Security Food Security
1,005.6 1,005.6
1,010.6 1,010.6
1,100.0 1,100.0
Environment Environment
906.7 906.7
986.7 986.7
1,290.2 1,290.2
Water and Sanitation Water and Sanitation
450.0 450.0
450.0 450.0
475.0 475.0
Gender Gender
330.0 330.0
560.0 560.0
617.0 617.0
Trafficking in Persons Trafficking in Persons
67.0 67.0
99.0 99.0
106.4 106.4
Reconciliation Programs Reconciliation Programs
30.0 30.0
25.0 25.0
25.0 25.0
Micro and Micro and ~~Smal~~ Small Enterprise Enterprise
265.0 265.0
265.0 265.0
265.0 265.0
Sources: P.L. 116-94; P.L. 116-260;P.L. 116-94; P.L. 116-260; H.R. 4373H.R. 4373.
Notes: NED = National Endowment for Democracy. NED = National Endowment for Democracy.
Independent Agencies
The Administration’s request for FY2022 would maintain level funding for the Peace Corps, The Administration’s request for FY2022 would maintain level funding for the Peace Corps,
Inter-American Foundation (IAF), U.S. African Development Foundation (USADF), and the Inter-American Foundation (IAF), U.S. African Development Foundation (USADF), and the
~~Mil ennium Chal enge~~ Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) when compared with FY2021-enacted levels. The Corporation (MCC) when compared with FY2021-enacted levels. The
House measure, H.R. 4373, provides increases to the Peace Corps (5%), IAF (17%), and USADF House measure, H.R. 4373, provides increases to the Peace Corps (5%), IAF (17%), and USADF
(30%), and maintains level funding for MCC for FY2022 when compared with FY2021-enacted (30%), and maintains level funding for MCC for FY2022 when compared with FY2021-enacted
levels. levels.
Multilateral Assistance
As part of its stated efforts to strengthen U.S. multilateral engagement, the Administration’s As part of its stated efforts to strengthen U.S. multilateral engagement, the Administration’s
budget request includes increases to multilateral assistance for FY2022 when compared with total budget request includes increases to multilateral assistance for FY2022 when compared with total
enacted funding for FY2021. The largest proposed increase is to the International Development enacted funding for FY2021. The largest proposed increase is to the International Development
Association, a World Bank agency that provides grants and loans to the world’s least developed Association, a World Bank agency that provides grants and loans to the world’s least developed
countries; it would see a nearly 43% increase over the FY2021-enacted level. As stated above, the countries; it would see a nearly 43% increase over the FY2021-enacted level. As stated above, the
request also proposes funds for climate efforts including the Green Climate Fund (see request also proposes funds for climate efforts including the Green Climate Fund (see “Climate
~~Change”~~)Change”). .
House Legislation. H.R. 4373 provides a total of $4.1 H.R. 4373 provides a total of $4.1 ~~bil ion~~billion for multilateral assistance accounts for multilateral assistance accounts
in FY2022. This represents a 13% increase from the Biden Administration’s request. The House in FY2022. This represents a 13% increase from the Biden Administration’s request. The House
measure emphasizes the Green Climate Fund, providing $1.6 measure emphasizes the Green Climate Fund, providing $1.6 ~~bil ion~~ billion for FY2022, a 156% for FY2022, a 156%
increase from the Administration’s proposed $625 increase from the Administration’s proposed $625 ~~mil ion~~million. The House . The House ~~bil~~ bill does not increase does not increase
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funding for the International Development Association, instead appropriating level funding when funding for the International Development Association, instead appropriating level funding when
compared to FY2021. compared to FY2021.
Export Promotion
For FY2022, the Administration proposes increases to the Export-Import (Ex-Im) Bank and the For FY2022, the Administration proposes increases to the Export-Import (Ex-Im) Bank and the
U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC) operating accounts to support agency U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC) operating accounts to support agency
priorities such as climate change response, clean energy, and sustainable infrastructure. In both priorities such as climate change response, clean energy, and sustainable infrastructure. In both
instances, the Administration asserts that offsetting collections would reduce the agencies’ budget instances, the Administration asserts that offsetting collections would reduce the agencies’ budget
burden. The Administration stated its expectation that the Ex-Im Bank, as in previous fiscal years, burden. The Administration stated its expectation that the Ex-Im Bank, as in previous fiscal years,
would return funds to the Treasury at the end of the fiscal year. Similarly, while the would return funds to the Treasury at the end of the fiscal year. Similarly, while the
AdministrationAdministration stated that it does not expect the DFC to be entirely budget neutral, it asserts that stated that it does not expect the DFC to be entirely budget neutral, it asserts that
collections would reduce the agency’s budget burden to $128.4 collections would reduce the agency’s budget burden to $128.4 ~~mil ion~~million with an estimated $472.4 with an estimated $472.4
~~mil ion~~ million in offsetting collections. in offsetting collections.
House Legislation. H.R. 4373 largely meets the Administration’s proposal for funding for the H.R. 4373 largely meets the Administration’s proposal for funding for the
Ex-Im Bank and DFC. An exception is the Ex-Im Bank’s program budget, which would see a Ex-Im Bank and DFC. An exception is the Ex-Im Bank’s program budget, which would see a
decrease of $5 decrease of $5 ~~mil ion~~million (50%) from the Administration’s proposal. The House legislation provides (50%) from the Administration’s proposal. The House legislation provides
increased funding for Ex-Im Bank and DFC when compared with the FY2021-enacted levels. increased funding for Ex-Im Bank and DFC when compared with the FY2021-enacted levels.
Regional Assistance
Similar to previous Administrations, the Biden Administration does not propose regional funding Similar to previous Administrations, the Biden Administration does not propose regional funding
that captures that captures al all appropriations accounts. For example, humanitarian funding is proposed and appropriations accounts. For example, humanitarian funding is proposed and
provided for in what are often referred to as “global” accounts, wherein funding is provided for in what are often referred to as “global” accounts, wherein funding is ~~al ocated~~allocated on a on a
needs basis throughout the fiscal year for which it is appropriated. As such, the entirety of foreign needs basis throughout the fiscal year for which it is appropriated. As such, the entirety of foreign
assistance funding for a particular country or region is only fully assessed after the close of a assistance funding for a particular country or region is only fully assessed after the close of a
fiscal year. fiscal year.
However, the Administration does propose regional funding for certain accounts. These include However, the Administration does propose regional funding for certain accounts. These include
Global Health Programs (GHP); DA; ESF; Assistance to Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia Global Health Programs (GHP); DA; ESF; Assistance to Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia
(AEECA); and (AEECA); and al all five security assistance accounts. For FY2022, the Administration proposes five security assistance accounts. For FY2022, the Administration proposes
increases in increases in al all regions with the exception of Europe and Eurasia, which would see a nearly 4% regions with the exception of Europe and Eurasia, which would see a nearly 4%
decrease in funding when compared with FY2020 actual levels (sedecrease in funding when compared with FY2020 actual levels (see Figure 5).6162 The greatest The greatest
proposed increase is for funding to the Western Hemisphere, largely to help the region address the proposed increase is for funding to the Western Hemisphere, largely to help the region address the
root causes of migration to the United States. root causes of migration to the United States.

61 62 FY2020 actuals are used FY2020 actuals are used as a comparison because comprehensive countryas a comparison because comprehensive country - and regional-specific levels are not - and regional-specific levels are not
provided in annual appropriations measures. FY2021total funding levels for most countries have not been reported.provided in annual appropriations measures. FY2021total funding levels for most countries have not been reported.
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Figure 5. Regional Assistance, FY2020 vs. FY2022 Request

Sources: FY2022 SFOPS Congressional FY2022 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; CRS calculations for FY2020. Budget Justification; CRS calculations for FY2020.
Notes: FY2020 is the most FY2020 is the most recent “actual” data available.recent “actual” data available. Accounts included = GHP, DA,Accounts included = GHP, DA, ESF, AEECA, INCLE, ESF, AEECA, INCLE,
NADR, PKO, IMET, and FMF. FY2020 Actual includes COVID-19 emergency funds. NADR, PKO, IMET, and FMF. FY2020 Actual includes COVID-19 emergency funds.
House Legislation. The House legislation and accompanying report do not provide The House legislation and accompanying report do not provide
comprehensive regional comprehensive regional ~~al ocations~~allocations, but do specify assistance levels for several countries and , but do specify assistance levels for several countries and
regions. For example, the measure directs that up to $860.6 regions. For example, the measure directs that up to $860.6 ~~mil ion~~million may be made available may be made available for for
assistance to Central American countries.assistance to Central American countries.6263 The legislation also directs that not less than $3.3 The legislation also directs that not less than $3.3
~~bil ion~~ billion be made availablebe made available for Israel, not less than $1.4 for Israel, not less than $1.4 ~~bil ion~~billion be made available be made available for Egypt, not for Egypt, not
less than $481.5 less than $481.5 ~~mil ion~~ million be made availablebe made available for assistance for Ukraine, and not less than $132.0 for assistance for Ukraine, and not less than $132.0
~~mil ion~~ million be made availablebe made available for assistance for Georgia, among other designations. for assistance for Georgia, among other designations.
Outlook
With FY2022 underway, and foreign affairs agencies operating under a continuing resolution, With FY2022 underway, and foreign affairs agencies operating under a continuing resolution,
comprehensive SFOPS appropriations for FY2022 comprehensive SFOPS appropriations for FY2022 ~~wil likely be enacted through an omnibus~~
~~appropriations bil~~ may be enacted without further SFOPS committee action. As Congress continues work to without further SFOPS committee action. As Congress continues work to
~~finalize~~ finalize international affairs funding for FY2022, several issues have emerged that may affect international affairs funding for FY2022, several issues have emerged that may affect
SFOPS appropriations in the current fiscal year and beyond. These include the following: SFOPS appropriations in the current fiscal year and beyond. These include the following:
U.S. Diplomatic Presence in Afghanistan. The withdrawal of U.S. military and diplomatic The withdrawal of U.S. military and diplomatic
personnel from Afghanistan in August 2021 occurred after the State Department submitted its personnel from Afghanistan in August 2021 occurred after the State Department submitted its
FY2022 budget request to Congress and the House of Representatives passed its SFOPS FY2022 budget request to Congress and the House of Representatives passed its SFOPS ~~bil~~ bill. For . For
FY2022, the Biden Administration requested approximately $579.6 FY2022, the Biden Administration requested approximately $579.6 ~~mil ion~~ million for diplomatic for diplomatic
security-related priorities in Afghanistan, including the deployment of weaponry on new Embassy security-related priorities in Afghanistan, including the deployment of weaponry on new Embassy
Air helicopters and armored vehicle replacements.Air helicopters and armored vehicle replacements.6364 The Administration also requested an The Administration also requested an
additional $70.8 additional $70.8 ~~mil ion~~ million for diplomatic programs in Afghanistan, including mission staffing and for diplomatic programs in Afghanistan, including mission staffing and
operations, along with information technology costs.operations, along with information technology costs.6465 However, the United States no longer However, the United States no longer

~~62 Including~~ 63 Including Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala,Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua,Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. Funds may also be and Panama. Funds may also be
programmed through the Central America Regionalprogrammed through the Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI).Security Initiative (CARSI).
~~63 SFOPS CBJ~~ 64 SFOPS CBJ for FY2022 Appendix 1, p. 307. for FY2022 Appendix 1, p. 307.
6465 Ibid., p. 154. Ibid., p. 154.
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maintains a physical diplomatic presence in Afghanistan, as U.S. diplomacy with Afghanistan is maintains a physical diplomatic presence in Afghanistan, as U.S. diplomacy with Afghanistan is
currently being carried out through the U.S. Embassy in Doha, Qatar. It remains unclear when, or currently being carried out through the U.S. Embassy in Doha, Qatar. It remains unclear when, or
if, the United States if, the United States ~~wil~~ will reestablish an official diplomatic presence reestablish an official diplomatic presence ~~there~~in Afghanistan and what the funding and what the funding
requirements to sustain such a presence may look like. requirements to sustain such a presence may look like.
Foreign Assistance to Afghanistan. The Taliban takeover may also affect foreign operations The Taliban takeover may also affect foreign operations
appropriations for FY2022. Congress designated foreign assistance funds for Afghanistan for appropriations for FY2022. Congress designated foreign assistance funds for Afghanistan for
FY2021, and the Biden Administration had requested funding for the country “at a consistent FY2021, and the Biden Administration had requested funding for the country “at a consistent
level, demonstrating [U.S.] support to the Afghan people and preserving 20 years of gains, level, demonstrating [U.S.] support to the Afghan people and preserving 20 years of gains,
particularly for women, girls, and minority groups.” However, following the Taliban takeover, the particularly for women, girls, and minority groups.” However, following the Taliban takeover, the
U.S. ceased providing any nonhumanitarian foreign assistance. The Biden Administration has not U.S. ceased providing any nonhumanitarian foreign assistance. The Biden Administration has not
signaled whether it signaled whether it ~~wil~~ will seek to provide foreign assistance to a Taliban-governed Afghanistan. seek to provide foreign assistance to a Taliban-governed Afghanistan.
Some Members of Congress have stated that they would not support bilateral U.S. assistance to Some Members of Congress have stated that they would not support bilateral U.S. assistance to
Afghanistan under any conditions, while others may support some aid subject to certain criteria. Afghanistan under any conditions, while others may support some aid subject to certain criteria.
As the situation evolves, it remains to be seen how, if at As the situation evolves, it remains to be seen how, if at al all, foreign assistance could be delivered, , foreign assistance could be delivered,
administered, and overseen, and how Congress might evaluate its funding for and conditions on administered, and overseen, and how Congress might evaluate its funding for and conditions on
assistance to the country. assistance to the country.
Impact of COVID-19. While SFOPS appropriations related to the COVID-19 pandemic were While SFOPS appropriations related to the COVID-19 pandemic were
more pronounced in FY2021 than they have been so far in the FY2022 proposals, the pandemic more pronounced in FY2021 than they have been so far in the FY2022 proposals, the pandemic
may have an ongoing impact on the volume and may have an ongoing impact on the volume and ~~al ocation~~allocation of global health assistance, and foreign of global health assistance, and foreign
assistance broadly. The FY2022 request and House assistance broadly. The FY2022 request and House ~~bil~~ bill both significantly increase funding within both significantly increase funding within
the GHP account focused on global health security activities, which comprised a relatively small the GHP account focused on global health security activities, which comprised a relatively small
portion of GHP funding in prior appropriations legislation. As the pandemic continues to evolve portion of GHP funding in prior appropriations legislation. As the pandemic continues to evolve
~~global y~~globally, and the secondary impacts of the pandemic in developing countries are better , and the secondary impacts of the pandemic in developing countries are better
understood, the understood, the ~~al ocation~~allocation of foreign assistance may change accordingly. of foreign assistance may change accordingly.

Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

2122

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Appendix A. SFOPS Funding, by Account
Table A-1. Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations: FY2020-FY2022
(In (In ~~mil ions~~millions of U.S. of U.S. ~~dol ars~~dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals designated as OCO or emergency funds) ; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals designated as OCO or emergency funds)

FY2021 Enacted

%
Change,
%
FY2021
Change,
Non-
FY2021
Emerg.
Total
Enact. vs.
Enact. vs.
FY2022 FY2020
Non-
FY2022
FY2022
FY2022
~~FY2022~~
House-
Actual
Emerg.
~~Emer~~gEmerg.a
Total
Req.
Req.
Req.
~~House~~passed
Title I. State, Broadcasting & Related Agencies,
17,642.98 17,642.98
16,840.19 16,840.19
654.00 654.00
17,494.19 17,494.19
18,349.10 18,349.10
8.96% 8.96%
4.89% 4.89%
18,202.98 18,202.98
TOTAL
(5,028.01) (5,028.01)
(3,907.54) (3,907.54)
(654.00) (654.00)
(4,561.54) (4,561.54)
Administration Administration of Foreign Affairs,of Foreign Affairs, Subtotal Subtotal
13,274.86 13,274.86
12,498.79 12,498.79
654.00 654.00
13,152.79 13,152.79
13,371.07 13,371.07
6.98% 6.98%
1.66% 1.66%
13,204.50 13,204.50
(3,943.11) (3,943.11)
(3,105.31) (3,105.31)
(654.00) (654.00)
(3,759.31) (3,759.31)
Diplomatic Diplomatic Programs Programs
9,506.87 9,506.87
9,170.01 9,170.01
204.00 204.00
9,374.01 9,374.01
9,490.67 9,490.67
3.50% 3.50%
1.24% 1.24%
9,476.98 9,476.98
(2,936.04) (2,936.04)
(2,226.12) (2,226.12)
(204.00) (204.00)
(2,430.12) (2,430.12)
of which Worldwide ~~Security~~ Security Protection
4,095.90
4,120.90

4,120.90
4,075.90
-1.09%
-1.09%
4,075.90
(2,626.12)
(2,226.12)
(2,226.12)
Consular and Border Consular and Border Security Programs Security Programs
273.08 273.08

300.00 300.00
(300.00) (300.00)
320.00 320.00
n.a. n.a.
6.67% 6.67%
320.00 320.00
(273.08) (273.08)
(300.00) (300.00)
Capital Investment Fund Capital Investment Fund
139.50 139.50
250.00 250.00

250.00 250.00
448.88 448.88
79.55% 79.55%
79.55% 79.55%
275.00 275.00
Office of Inspector General Office of Inspector General
145.73 145.73
145.73 145.73

145.73 145.73
146.36 146.36
0.43% 0.43%
0.43% 0.43%
146.36 146.36
(54.90) (54.90)
(54.90) (54.90)
(54.90) (54.90)
Educational & Cultural Exchanges Educational & Cultural Exchanges
735.70 735.70
740.30 740.30

740.30 740.30
741.30 741.30
0.14% 0.14%
0.14% 0.14%
750.00 750.00
(5.00) (5.00)
Representation Expenses Representation Expenses
6.85 6.85
7.42 7.42

7.42 7.42
7.42 7.42
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
7.42 7.42
CRS- CRS-2223

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FY2021 Enacted

%
Change,
%
FY2021
Change,
Non-
FY2021
Emerg.
Total
Enact. vs.
Enact. vs.
FY2022 FY2020
Non-
FY2022
FY2022
FY2022
~~FY2022~~
House-
Actual
Emerg.
~~Emer~~gEmerg.a
Total
Req.
Req.
Req.
~~House~~passed
Protection of Foreign Missions Protection of Foreign Missions & Officials & Officials
30.89 30.89
30.89 30.89

30.89 30.89
30.89 30.89
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
30.89 30.89
Embassy Security, Embassy Security, Construction & Maintenance Construction & Maintenance
1,975.45 1,975.45
1,950.45 1,950.45

1,950.45 1,950.45
1,983.15 1,983.15
1.68% 1.68%
1.68% 1.68%
1,995.45 1,995.45
(424.09) (424.09)
(824.29) (824.29)
(824.29) (824.29)
of which Worldwide ~~Security~~ Security Upgrades
1,205.65
1,181.39

1,181.39
1,132.43
-4.14%
-4.14%
1,144.73
(424.09)
(824.29)
(824.29)
Emergency-Diplomatic Emergency-Diplomatic & Consular Services & Consular Services
267.89 267.89
7.89 7.89

7.89 7.89
8.89 8.89
12.68% 12.68%
12.68% 12.68%
8.89 8.89
Repatriation Loans Repatriation Loans
1.30 1.30
2.50 2.50

2.50 2.50
1.30 1.30
-48.00% -48.00%
-48.00% -48.00%
1.30 1.30
Payment American Payment American Institute Taiwan Institute Taiwan
31.96 31.96
31.96 31.96

31.96 31.96
32.58 32.58
1.94% 1.94%
1.94% 1.94%
32.58 32.58
International Chancery Center International Chancery Center
0.74 0.74
2.74 2.74

2.74 2.74
0.74 0.74
-72.91% -72.91%
-72.91% -72.91%
0.74 0.74
Sudan Claims Sudan Claims

150.00 150.00
150.00 150.00

n.a. n.a.
-100.00% -100.00%

(150.00) (150.00)
(150.00) (150.00)
Foreign Service Foreign Service ~~Retirement~~ Retirement (mandatory) (mandatory)
158.90 158.90
158.90 158.90

158.90 158.90
158.90 158.90
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
158.90 158.90
International Organizations, Subtotal International Organizations, Subtotal
3,000.09 3,000.09
2,962.24 2,962.24

2,962.24 2,962.24
3,591.54 3,591.54
21.24% 21.24%
21.24% 21.24%
3,591.54 3,591.54
(1,084.90) (1,084.90)
(802.23) (802.23)
(802.23) (802.23)
Contributions to International Organizations Contributions to International Organizations
1,473.81 1,473.81
1,505.93 1,505.93

1,505.93 1,505.93
1,662.93 1,662.93
10.43% 10.43%
10.43% 10.43%
1,662.93 1,662.93
(96.24) (96.24)
(96.24) (96.24)
(96.24) (96.24)
Contributions to International Peacekeeping Contributions to International Peacekeeping
1,526.28 1,526.28
1,456.31 1,456.31

1,456.31 1,456.31
1,928.61 1,928.61
32.43% 32.43%
32.43% 32.43%
1,928.61 1,928.61
(988.66) (988.66)
(705.99) (705.99)
(705.99) (705.99)
International Commissions, International Commissions, Subtotal (Function 300) Subtotal (Function 300)
162.80 162.80
176.62 176.62

176.62 176.62
176.62 176.62
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
186.62 186.62
International Boundary/U.S. Mexico International Boundary/U.S. Mexico
85.07 85.07
98.77 98.77

98.77 98.77
98.77 98.77
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
108.77 108.77
CRS- CRS-2324

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FY2021 Enacted

%
Change,
%
FY2021
Change,
Non-
FY2021
Emerg.
Total
Enact. vs.
Enact. vs.
FY2022 FY2020
Non-
FY2022
FY2022
FY2022
~~FY2022~~
House-
Actual
Emerg.
~~Emer~~gEmerg.a
Total
Req.
Req.
Req.
~~House~~passed
American American Sections Sections
15.01 15.01
15.01 15.01

15.01 15.01
15.01 15.01
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
15.01 15.01
International Fisheries International Fisheries
62.72 62.72
62.85 62.85

62.85 62.85
62.85 62.85
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
62.85 62.85
Agency for Global Media, Subtotal Agency for Global Media, Subtotal
810.40 810.40
802.96 802.96

802.96 802.96
810.40 810.40
0.93% 0.93%
0.93% 0.93%
818.85 818.85
Broadcasting Operations Broadcasting Operations
798.70 798.70
793.26 793.26

793.26 793.26
800.70 800.70
0.94% 0.94%
0.94% 0.94%
809.15 809.15
Capital Improvements Capital Improvements
11.70 11.70
9.70 9.70

9.70 9.70
9.70 9.70
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
9.70 9.70
Related Programs, Related Programs, Subtotal Subtotal
381.34 381.34
385.28 385.28

385.28 385.28
385.17 385.17
-0.03% -0.03%
-0.03% -0.03%
387.17 387.17
Asia Foundation Asia Foundation
19.00 19.00
20.00 20.00

20.00 20.00
20.00 20.00
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
20.00 20.00
U.S. Institute of Peace U.S. Institute of Peace
45.00 45.00
45.00 45.00

45.00 45.00
45.00 45.00
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
45.00 45.00
Center for Middle East-West Dialogue Center for Middle East-West Dialogue
0.24 0.24
0.25 0.25

0.25 0.25
0.18 0.18
-28.00% -28.00%
-28.00% -28.00%
0.18 0.18
Eisenhower Exchange Programs Eisenhower Exchange Programs
0.27 0.27
0.21 0.21

0.21 0.21
0.17 0.17
-18.66% -18.66%
-18.66% -18.66%
0.17 0.17
Israeli-Arab Israeli-Arab Scholarship Program Scholarship Program
0.12 0.12
0.12 0.12

0.12 0.12
0.12 0.12
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
0.12 0.12
East-West Center East-West Center
16.70 16.70
19.70 19.70

19.70 19.70
19.70 19.70
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
19.70 19.70
Leadership Institute for Transatlantic Engagement Leadership Institute for Transatlantic Engagement

n.a. n.a.
n.a. n.a.
2.00 2.00
National Endowment for Democracy National Endowment for Democracy
300.00 300.00
300.00 300.00

300.00 300.00
300.00 300.00
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
300.00 300.00
Other Commissions, Other Commissions, Subtotal Subtotal
13.51 13.51
14.30 14.30

14.30 14.30
14.30 14.30
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
14.30 14.30
Preservation Preservation of America’sof America’s Heritage Abroad Heritage Abroad
0.68 0.68
0.64 0.64

0.64 0.64
0.64 0.64
-0.31% -0.31%
-0.31% -0.31%
0.64 0.64
International Religious International Religious Freedom Freedom
4.50 4.50
4.50 4.50

4.50 4.50
4.50 4.50
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
4.50 4.50
Security & Cooperation in Europe Security & Cooperation in Europe
2.58 2.58
2.91 2.91

2.91 2.91
2.91 2.91
0.07% 0.07%
0.07% 0.07%
2.91 2.91
Cong.-Exec. Commission Cong.-Exec. Commission on People’son People’s Republic of China Republic of China
2.25 2.25
2.25 2.25

2.25 2.25
2.25 2.25
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
2.25 2.25
CRS- CRS-2425

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FY2021 Enacted

%
Change,
%
FY2021
Change,
Non-
FY2021
Emerg.
Total
Enact. vs.
Enact. vs.
FY2022 FY2020
Non-
FY2022
FY2022
FY2022
~~FY2022~~
House-
Actual
Emerg.
~~Emer~~gEmerg.a
Total
Req.
Req.
Req.
~~House~~passed
U.S.-China Economic and Security Review U.S.-China Economic and Security Review
3.50 3.50
4.00 4.00

4.00 4.00
4.00 4.00
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
4.00 4.00
Foreign Operations, TOTAL
40,557.42 40,557.42
39,404.25 39,404.25
14,616.00 14,616.00
54,620.25 54,620.25
44,306.97 44,306.97
12.44% 12.44%
-18.88% -18.88%
44,772.92 44,772.92
(5,869.46) (5,869.46)
(4,517.58) (14,616.00) (19,733.58) (4,517.58) (14,616.00) (19,733.58)
Title II. Administration Title II. Administration of Foreignof Foreign Assistance Assistance
1,766.05 1,766.05
1,711.45 1,711.45
41.00 41.00
1,752.45 1,752.45
1,862.65 1,862.65
8.83% 8.83%
6.29% 6.29%
1,790.62 1,790.62
(103.00) (103.00)
(41.00) (41.00)
(41.00) (41.00)
USAID Operating Expenses USAID Operating Expenses
1,479.25 1,479.25
1,377.75 1,377.75
41.00 41.00
1,418.75 1,418.75
1,527.95 1,527.95
10.90% 10.90%
7.70% 7.70%
1,455.92 1,455.92
(102.00) (102.00)
(41.00) (41.00)
(41.00) (41.00)
USAID Capital Investment Fund USAID Capital Investment Fund
210.30 210.30
258.20 258.20

258.20 258.20
258.20 258.20
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
258.20 258.20
USAID Inspector General USAID Inspector General
76.50 76.50
75.50 75.50

75.50 75.50
76.50 76.50
1.32% 1.32%
1.32% 1.32%
76.50 76.50
(1.00) (1.00)
Title III. Bilateral Title III. Bilateral Assistance Assistance
27,668.49 27,668.49
26,488.95 26,488.95
13,995.00 13,995.00
41,083.95 41,083.95
29,643.91 29,643.91
11.91% 11.91%
-27.85% -27.85%
29,625.91 29,625.91
(4,929.34) (4,929.34)
(3,615.46) (13,995.00) (18,210.46) (3,615.46) (13,995.00) (18,210.46)
Global Health Programs Global Health Programs
9,559.95 9,559.95
9,195.95 9,195.95
4,000.00 4,000.00
13,195.95 13,195.95
10,050.95 10,050.95
9.30% 9.30%
-23.83% -23.83%
10,641.45 10,641.45
(435.00) (435.00)
(4,000.00) (4,000.00)
(4,000.00) (4,000.00)
of which USAID
3,629.95
3,265.95
4,000.00
7,265.95
3,870.95
18.52%
-46.72%
4,561.45
(435.00)
(4,000.00)
(4,000.00)
of which State
5,930.00
5,930.00

5,930.00
6,180.00
4.22%
4.22%
6,080.00
Development Development Assistance Assistance
3,400.00 3,400.00
3,500.00 3,500.00

3,500.00 3,500.00
4,075.10 4,075.10
16.43% 16.43%
16.43% 16.43%
4,075.10 4,075.10
International Disaster International Disaster Assistance Assistance
4,953.36 4,953.36
4,395.36 4,395.36

4,395.36 4,395.36
4,682.36 4,682.36
6.53% 6.53%
6.53% 6.53%
4,682.36 4,682.36
(2,291.98) (2,291.98)
(1,914.04) (1,914.04)
(1,914.04) (1,914.04)
CRS- CRS-2526

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FY2021 Enacted

%
Change,
%
FY2021
Change,
Non-
FY2021
Emerg.
Total
Enact. vs.
Enact. vs.
FY2022 FY2020
Non-
FY2022
FY2022
FY2022
~~FY2022~~
House-
Actual
Emerg.
~~Emer~~gEmerg.a
Total
Req.
Req.
Req.
~~House~~passed
Transition Initiatives Transition Initiatives
92.04 92.04
92.04 92.04

92.04 92.04
92.04 92.04
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
92.04 92.04
Complex Crises Complex Crises Fund Fund
30.00 30.00
30.00 30.00

30.00 30.00
60.00 60.00
100.00% 100.00%
100.00% 100.00%
40.00 40.00
Economic Support Fund Economic Support Fund
3,288.00 3,288.00
3,151.96 3,151.96
9,375.00 9,375.00
12,526.96 12,526.96
4,260.23 4,260.23
35.16% 35.16%
-65.99% -65.99%
3,635.23 3,635.23
(243.00) (243.00)
(9,375.00) (9,375.00)
(9,375.00) (9,375.00)
Democracy Democracy Fund Fund
273.70 273.70
290.70 290.70

290.70 290.70
290.70 290.70
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
290.70 290.70
Assistance Assistance for Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia for Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia
770.33 770.33
770.33 770.33

770.33 770.33
788.93 788.93
2.41% 2.41%
2.41% 2.41%
788.93 788.93
Migration & Refugee Assistance Migration & Refugee Assistance
3,782.00 3,782.00
3,432.00 3,432.00
600.00 600.00
4,032.00 4,032.00
3,845.00 3,845.00
12.03% 12.03%
-4.64% -4.64%
3,845.00 3,845.00
(1,871.36) (1,871.36)
(1,701.42) (1,701.42)
(600.00) (600.00)
(2,301.42) (2,301.42)
Emergency Refugee & Migration Assistance Emergency Refugee & Migration Assistance
0.10 0.10

500.00 500.00
500.10 500.10
0.10 0.10
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
0.10 0.10
(500.00) (500.00)
(500.00) (500.00)
Independent Agencies, Independent Agencies, Subtotal Subtotal
1,474.00 1,474.00
1,393.50 1,393.50

1,393.50 1,393.50
1,393.50 1,393.50
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
1,430.00 1,430.00
(88.00) (88.00)
Peace Corps Peace Corps
498.50 498.50
410.50 410.50

410.50 410.50
410.50 410.50
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
430.50 430.50
(88.00) (88.00)
Mil ennium Mil ennium ~~Chal enge~~ Challenge Corporation Corporation
905.00 905.00
912.00 912.00

912.00 912.00
912.00 912.00
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
912.00 912.00
Inter-American Inter-American Foundation Foundation
37.50 37.50
38.00 38.00

38.00 38.00
38.00 38.00
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
44.50 44.50
U.S. African Development U.S. African Development Foundation Foundation
33.00 33.00
33.00 33.00

33.00 33.00
33.00 33.00
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
43.00 43.00
Department of the Treasury, Subtotal Department of the Treasury, Subtotal
45.00 45.00
357.00 357.00
120.00 120.00
357.00 357.00
105.00 105.00
-55.70% -55.70%
-70.59% -70.59%
105.00 105.00
(120.00) (120.00)
(120.00) (120.00)
International Affairs Technical Assistance International Affairs Technical Assistance
30.00 30.00
33.00 33.00

33.00 33.00
38.00 38.00
15.15% 15.15%
15.15% 15.15%
38.00 38.00
CRS- CRS-2627

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FY2021 Enacted

%
Change,
%
FY2021
Change,
Non-
FY2021
Emerg.
Total
Enact. vs.
Enact. vs.
FY2022 FY2020
Non-
FY2022
FY2022
FY2022
~~FY2022~~
House-
Actual
Emerg.
~~Emer~~gEmerg.a
Total
Req.
Req.
Req.
~~House~~passed
Debt Restructuring Debt Restructuring
15.00 15.00
204.00 204.00
120.00 120.00
324.00 324.00
67.00 67.00
-67.16% -67.16%
-79.32% -79.32%
67.00 67.00
(120.00) (120.00)
(120.00) (120.00)
Title IV. International Security Assistance Title IV. International Security Assistance
9,013.95 9,013.95
9,004.03 9,004.03

9,004.03 9,004.03
9,183.89 9,183.89
2.00% 2.00%
2.00% 2.00%
9,034.03 9,034.03
(837.12) (837.12)
(902.12) (902.12)
(902.12) (902.12)
International Narcotics Control & Law Enforcement International Narcotics Control & Law Enforcement
1,391.00 1,391.00
1,385.57 1,385.57

1,385.57 1,385.57
1,525.74 1,525.74
10.12% 10.12%
10.12% 10.12%
1,395.57 1,395.57
Nonproliferation, Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism,Anti-Terrorism, Demining Demining
895.75 895.75
889.25 889.25

889.25 889.25
900.25 900.25
1.24% 1.24%
1.24% 1.24%
889.25 889.25
Peacekeeping Operations Peacekeeping Operations
457.35 457.35
440.76 440.76

440.76 440.76
469.46 469.46
6.51% 6.51%
6.51% 6.51%
460.76 460.76
(325.21) (325.21)
(325.21) (325.21)
(325.21) (325.21)
International Military Education & Training International Military Education & Training
112.93 112.93
112.93 112.93

112.93 112.93
112.93 112.93
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
112.93 112.93
Foreign Military Foreign Military Financing Financing
6,156.92 6,156.92
6,175.52 6,175.52

6,175.52 6,175.52
6,175.52 6,175.52
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
6,175.52 6,175.52
(511.91) (511.91)
(576.91) (576.91)
(576.91) (576.91)
Title V. Multilateral Title V. Multilateral Assistance Assistance
2,049.78 2,049.78
2,040.82 2,040.82
580.00 580.00
2,620.82 2,620.82
3,630.13 3,630.13
77.88% 77.88%
38.51% 38.51%
4,098.56 4,098.56
(580.00) (580.00)
(580.00) (580.00)
International Organizations & Programs International Organizations & Programs
358.00 358.00
387.00 387.00
580.00 580.00
967.50 967.50
457.10 457.10
17.96% 17.96%
-52.75% -52.75%
477.10 477.10
(580.00) (580.00)
(580.00) (580.00)
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
206.50 206.50
206.50 206.50

206.50 206.50
206.50 206.50
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
206.50 206.50
Global Environment Facility Global Environment Facility
139.58 139.58
139.58 139.58

139.58 139.58
149.29 149.29
6.96% 6.96%
6.96% 6.96%
149.29 149.29
International Development International Development Association Association
1,097.01 1,097.01
1,001.40 1,001.40

1,001.40 1,001.40
1,427.97 1,427.97
42.60% 42.60%
42.60% 42.60%
1,001.40 1,001.40
Asian Development Asian Development Fund Fund
47.40 47.40
47.40 47.40

47.40 47.40
53.32 53.32
12.50% 12.50%
12.50% 12.50%
53.32 53.32
African Development African Development Bank Bank
0.00 0.00
54.65 54.65

54.65 54.65
54.65 54.65
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
54.65 54.65
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FY2021 Enacted

%
Change,
%
FY2021
Change,
Non-
FY2021
Emerg.
Total
Enact. vs.
Enact. vs.
FY2022 FY2020
Non-
FY2022
FY2022
FY2022
~~FY2022~~
House-
Actual
Emerg.
~~Emer~~gEmerg.a
Total
Req.
Req.
Req.
~~House~~passed
African Development African Development Fund Fund
171.30 171.30
171.30 171.30

171.30 171.30
211.30 211.30
23.35% 23.35%
23.35% 23.35%
211.30 211.30
Green Climate Green Climate Fund Fund

625.00 625.00
n.a. n.a.
n.a. n.a.
1,600.00 1,600.00
Climate Climate Investment Funds Investment Funds

300.00 300.00
n.a. n.a.
n.a. n.a.
200.00 200.00
International Monetary Fund International Monetary Fund

102.00 102.00
n.a. n.a.
n.a. n.a.
102.00 102.00
International Fund for Agricultural Development International Fund for Agricultural Development
30.00 30.00
32.50 32.50

32.50 32.50
43.00 43.00
32.31% 32.31%
32.31% 32.31%
43.00 43.00
Title VI. Export Assistance Title VI. Export Assistance
59.16 59.16

-13.61 -13.61
-108.56% -108.56%
-108.56% -108.56%
223.80 223.80
Export-Import Bank (net) Export-Import Bank (net)
98.80 98.80
159.00 159.00

159.00 159.00
-221.50 -221.50
95.15% 95.15%
95.15% 95.15%
-74.50 -74.50
U.S. Development U.S. Development Finance Corporation (net) Finance Corporation (net)
-119.14 -119.14
-113.50 -113.50

-113.50 -113.50
128.39 128.39
-33.48% -33.48%
-33.48% -33.48%
218.80 218.80
U.S. Trade & Development U.S. Trade & Development Agency Agency
79.50 79.50
193.00 193.00

193.00 193.00
79.50 79.50
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
79.50 79.50
SFOPS Total
58,200.40 58,200.40
56,244.43 56,244.43
15,870.00 15,870.00
72,114.43 72,114.43
62,656.08 62,656.08
11.40% 11.40%
-13.12% -13.12%
62,975.90 62,975.90
(10,897.46) (10,897.46)
(8,435.12) (15,870.00) (24,295.12) (8,435.12) (15,870.00) (24,295.12)
Rescissions, Rescissions, net net
-828.74 -828.74
-530.12 -530.12

-530.12 -530.12
-535.00 -535.00
0.92% 0.92%
0.92% 0.92%
-575.00 -575.00
(-532.46) (-532.46)
(-425.12) (-425.12)
(-425.12) (-425.12)
SFOPS Total, Net of Rescissions
57,371.66 57,371.66
55,714.31 55,714.31
15,870.00 15,870.00
71,584.31 71,584.31
62,121.08 62,121.08
11.50% 11.50%
-13.22% -13.22%
62,400.90 62,400.90
(10,365.00) (10,365.00)
(8,000.00) (15,870.00) (23,870.00) (8,000.00) (15,870.00) (23,870.00)
Source: SFOPS CongressionalSFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2022;Budget Justification for FY2022;
Notes: Figures in parentheses are amount designated as OverseasFigures in parentheses are amount designated as Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) or supplemental emergencyContingency Operations (OCO) or supplemental emergency funding and funding and ~~a re~~are subsumed in the larger subsumed in the larger
account number above them. “Non-emergency” funding includes both “base” funding (also referredaccount number above them. “Non-emergency” funding includes both “base” funding (also referred to as “enduring” or “ongoing” funding in budget documents) and to as “enduring” or “ongoing” funding in budget documents) and
OCO funds. Numbers may not add due to rounding. “n.a.” = not applicable. OCO funds. Numbers may not add due to rounding. “n.a.” = not applicable.
a. Includes emergencya. Includes emergency funds provided in Title IX of the final FY2021 SFOPS appropriation (funds provided in Title IX of the final FY2021 SFOPS appropriation ( P.L. 116-260), the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (P.L. 117-2), and the P.L. 116-260), the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (P.L. 117-2), and the
Emergency Security Supplemental Appropriations Emergency Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 117-31). Act, 2021 (P.L. 117-31).
CRS- CRS-2829

Appendix B. International Affairs Budget
The International Affairs budget, or Function 150, includes funding that is not in the Department The International Affairs budget, or Function 150, includes funding that is not in the Department
of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) appropriation; in particular, of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) appropriation; in particular,
international food assistance programs (Food for Peace Act (FFPA), Title II and McGovern-Dole international food assistance programs (Food for Peace Act (FFPA), Title II and McGovern-Dole
International Food for Education and Child Nutrition programs) are in the Agriculture International Food for Education and Child Nutrition programs) are in the Agriculture
Appropriations, and the Foreign Claim Settlement Commission and the International Trade Appropriations, and the Foreign Claim Settlement Commission and the International Trade
Commission are in the Commerce, Justice, Science appropriations. In addition, the SFOPS Commission are in the Commerce, Justice, Science appropriations. In addition, the SFOPS
appropriation measure includes funding for certain international commissions that are not part of appropriation measure includes funding for certain international commissions that are not part of
the International Affairs Function 150 account. the International Affairs Function 150 account.
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Table B-1. International Affairs Budget, FY2020-FY2022
(In (In ~~mil ions~~millions of U.S. of U.S. ~~dol ars~~dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals designated as OCO or emergency funds) ; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals designated as OCO or emergency funds)

FY2021 Enacted

% Change,
% Change,
FY2021 Non-
FY2021 Total
FY2020
Emergency vs.
Enact. vs.
FY2022

Actual
Base +OCO
Emerg.
Total
FY2022 Req.
FY2022 Req.
FY2022 Req.
House
State-Foreign Operations,
57,195.35 57,195.35
55,537.69 55,537.69
15,870.00 15,870.00
71,407.69 71,407.69
61,944.45 61,944.45
11.54% 11.54%
-13.25% -13.25% 62,214.68 62,214.68
excluding Commissionsa
(10,265.00) (10,265.00)
(8,000.00) (8,000.00)
(15,870.00) (15,870.00)
(23,870) (23,870)
Commerce-Justice-Science
101.74 101.74
105.37 105.37

105.37 105.37
105.43 105.43
0.06% 0.06%
0.06% 0.06%
120.93 120.93
Foreign Claims Foreign Claims Settlement Settlement
2.34 2.34
2.37 2.37

2.37 2.37
2.43 2.43
2.70% 2.70%
2.70% 2.70%
2.43 2.43
Commission Commission
Int’l Trade Commission Int’l Trade Commission
99.40 99.40
103.00 103.00

103.00 103.00
103.00 103.00
0.00% 0.00%
0.00% 0.00%
118.5 118.5
Agriculture
1,945.00 1,945.00
1,970.00 1,970.00
800.00 800.00
2,770.00 2,770.00
1,800.11 1,800.11
-8.62% -8.62%
-35.01% -35.01%
1,985.0 1,985.0
(800.00) (800.00)
(800.00) (800.00)
FFPA Title II FFPA Title II
1,725.00 1,725.00
1,740.00 1,740.00
800.00 800.00
2,540.00 2,540.00
1,570.00 1,570.00
-9.77% -9.77%
-38.19% -38.19%
1,740.0 1,740.0
(800.00) (800.00)
(800.00) (800.00)
McGovern-Dole McGovern-Dole
220.00 220.00
230.00 230.00

230.11 230.11
0.05% 0.05%
0.05% 0.05%
245.0 245.0
Total International Affairs
59,242.09 59,242.09
57,613.06 57,613.06
16,670.00 16,670.00
74,283.06 74,283.06
63,850.00 63,850.00
10.83% 10.83%
-14.05% -14.05% 64,320.21 64,320.21
(150)
(10,365.00) (10,365.00)
(8,000.00) (8,000.00)
(16,670.00) (24,520.00) (16,670.00) (24,520.00)
Source: SFOPS CongressionalSFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2022; H.R. 4374. Budget Justification for FY2022; H.R. 4374.
Notes: Figures in parentheses are amount designated as OverseasFigures in parentheses are amount designated as Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) or supplemental emergencyContingency Operations (OCO) or supplemental emergency funding and are subsumedfunding and are subsumed in the larger in the larger
account number above them. Non-Emergency funding includes both bas funding (also referredaccount number above them. Non-Emergency funding includes both bas funding (also referred to as “enduring” or “ongoing” funding in budget documents) and OCO-to as “enduring” or “ongoing” funding in budget documents) and OCO-
designated funds. Numbers may not add due to rounding. “n.a.” = not applicable. designated funds. Numbers may not add due to rounding. “n.a.” = not applicable.
a. Includes mandatory spending from the Foreign Servicea. Includes mandatory spending from the Foreign Service ~~retirement~~ retirement account and does not align with budget justification figuresaccount and does not align with budget justification figures that count only discretionarythat count only discretionary spending. spending.
Excludes funding for international commissions Excludes funding for international commissions that is appropriated in the SFOPS bil but part of function 300 of the budget (Natural Resources and Environment), that is appropriated in the SFOPS bil but part of function 300 of the budget (Natural Resources and Environment),
not function 150 (International Affairs). not function 150 (International Affairs).

CRS- CRS-3031

Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs

Appendix C. International Affairs Components Chart
Figure C-1.

Source: Created by CRS. Created by CRS.

Author Information

Cory R. Gill Cory R. Gill
Emily Emily M. Morgenstern M. Morgenstern
Analyst in Foreign Affairs Analyst in Foreign Affairs
Analyst in Foreign Assistance and Foreign Policy Analyst in Foreign Assistance and Foreign Policy

Marian L. Lawson Marian L. Lawson

Section Research Manager Section Research Manager

Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

3132

Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs

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