Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs

Changes from June 24, 2021 to August 9, 2021

This page shows textual changes in the document between the two versions indicated in the dates above. Textual matter removed in the later version is indicated with ~~red strikethrough~~ and textual matter added in the later version is indicated with blue.

Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
~~June 24~~August 9, 2021 , 2021
Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs
Lynn J. Cunningham
Energy is crucial to operating a modern industrial and services economy. Concerns Energy is crucial to operating a modern industrial and services economy. Concerns ~~about the~~
Senior Research Librarian Senior Research Librarian
~~availability~~ about the availability and cost of energy and about environmental impacts of fossil and cost of energy and about environmental impacts of fossil energy use have led to a energy use have led to a

wide variety of federal incentives for renewable energy and wide variety of federal incentives for renewable energy and ~~energy efficiency. These incentives~~
Rachel J. Eck
energy efficiency. These incentives aim to implement renewable energy and energy aim to implement renewable energy and energy Research Librarian efficiency measures and to develop and efficiency measures and to develop and
~~Research Librarian~~
commercialize renewable energy and energy commercialize renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. efficiency technologies.

Many of the existing energy efficiency and renewable energy programs have authorizations Many of the existing energy efficiency and renewable energy programs have authorizations

tracing back to the 1970s. Many programs have been reauthorized and redesigned repeatedly to tracing back to the 1970s. Many programs have been reauthorized and redesigned repeatedly to
meet changing economic factors. The programs apply broadly to sectors ranging from industry to academia and from state meet changing economic factors. The programs apply broadly to sectors ranging from industry to academia and from state
and local governments to rural communities. and local governments to rural communities.
Since 2005, Congress has passed several major energy laws: the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. Since 2005, Congress has passed several major energy laws: the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58); the 109-58); the
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140); the Energy Improvement and Extension Act (EIEA), Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140); the Energy Improvement and Extension Act (EIEA),
enacted as Division B of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA; P.L. 110-343); enacted as Division B of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA; P.L. 110-343); ~~and~~ the American the American
Recovery and Reinvestment Act Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA;(ARRA; P.L. 111-5); and the Energy Act of 2020 (Division Z of P.L. 116-260)~~P.L. 111-5)~~. Each of those laws established, expanded, or modified energy . Each of those laws established, expanded, or modified energy
efficiency and renewable energy research, development, demonstration, and deployment (RDD&D) programs. efficiency and renewable energy research, development, demonstration, and deployment (RDD&D) programs.
The Department of Energy (DOE) operates the greatest number of efficiency and renewable energy incentive The Department of Energy (DOE) operates the greatest number of efficiency and renewable energy incentive programs, programs,
including RDD&D grants and contracts, weatherization assistance, production incentives, loan guarantees, and technology including RDD&D grants and contracts, weatherization assistance, production incentives, loan guarantees, and technology
transfers. DOE also provides grants to states for energy policy development and assists other federal agencies in developing transfers. DOE also provides grants to states for energy policy development and assists other federal agencies in developing
and implementing energy efficient and renewable energy resourcesand implementing energy efficient and renewable energy resources . .
The Department of Agriculture (USDA) runs several programs that largely focus on biofuels, such as ethanol and wood The Department of Agriculture (USDA) runs several programs that largely focus on biofuels, such as ethanol and wood
energy. Other USDA programs include assistance to rural communities with high energy costs, biomass energy. Other USDA programs include assistance to rural communities with high energy costs, biomass crop assistance, crop assistance,
grants and loans to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy for agricultural producers and rural businesses, grants and loans to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy for agricultural producers and rural businesses,
assistance to general consumers for rural energy savings, and sustainable agricultural research. assistance to general consumers for rural energy savings, and sustainable agricultural research.
The Department of the Treasury administers tax credits and other incentives for energy efficiency and renewable energy. The Department of the Treasury administers tax credits and other incentives for energy efficiency and renewable energy.
~~Eligible~~ Eligible activities include energy efficient home improvements, renewable energy production, and business investments in activities include energy efficient home improvements, renewable energy production, and business investments in
energy efficiency and renewable energy. energy efficiency and renewable energy.
Other federal agencies with energy efficiency and renewable energy programs include the following: Other federal agencies with energy efficiency and renewable energy programs include the following:
 Department of the Interior (DOI), with programs on tribal energy production and use;  Department of the Interior (DOI), with programs on tribal energy production and use;
 Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), with energy efficient mortgages and  Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), with energy efficient mortgages and ~~loan~~
loan programs; programs;
  ~~Small~~ Smal Business Administration (SBA), with loan programs to help borrowers upgrade their Business Administration (SBA), with loan programs to help borrowers upgrade their facilities and facilities and
fund energy efficiency or renewable energy projects; fund energy efficiency or renewable energy projects;
 Fannie Mae, with a “Green Initiative” loan program;  Fannie Mae, with a “Green Initiative” loan program;
 Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), which provides energy assistance to low- Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), which provides energy assistance to low-~~income~~
income households; and households; and
 Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), which provides energy efficient mortgages.  Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), which provides energy efficient mortgages.
Congressional Research Service Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs A wide range of entities are eligibleA wide range of entities are eligible for these energy efficiency and renewable incentives, including for these energy efficiency and renewable incentives, including ~~biofuels~~ biofuel producers; state, producers; state,
local, and tribal governments; businesses; schools and universities; research organizations; builders and developers; local, and tribal governments; businesses; schools and universities; research organizations; builders and developers;
homeowners; utilities; and veterans. Eligibilityhomeowners; utilities; and veterans. Eligibility also includes a variety of energy-related also includes a variety of energy-related technologies, such as advanced technologies, such as advanced
batteries, heating and cooling systems, vehicles and biofuels, appliances, building envelope technologies, renewable energy batteries, heating and cooling systems, vehicles and biofuels, appliances, building envelope technologies, renewable energy
production technologies, lighting, and electricity generation and transmission. production technologies, lighting, and electricity generation and transmission.

Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs

Introduction
The United States has an abundance of natural resources. For much of the nation’s history, energy The United States has an abundance of natural resources. For much of the nation’s history, energy
availabilityavailability was not a concern as commerce and industry needs could be met by domestic was not a concern as commerce and industry needs could be met by domestic
supplies. However, industrialization and population growth, and the continuing development of a supplies. However, industrialization and population growth, and the continuing development of a
consumer-oriented society, led to growing dependence on foreign sources of energy during the consumer-oriented society, led to growing dependence on foreign sources of energy during the
20th century to supplement the demands of a growing economy. 20th century to supplement the demands of a growing economy.
Recognition of the impacts of depending on foreign energy sources, coupled with concerns over Recognition of the impacts of depending on foreign energy sources, coupled with concerns over
the volatilitythe volatility of prices driven by fluctuations in supply spurred by world events, prompted federal of prices driven by fluctuations in supply spurred by world events, prompted federal
efforts to increase U.S. energy independence and reduce domestic consumption. As a major efforts to increase U.S. energy independence and reduce domestic consumption. As a major
result, numerous programs have been established, focusing on energy efficiency, domestic result, numerous programs have been established, focusing on energy efficiency, domestic
conservation resources, and research that targets the development of renewable sources of energy. conservation resources, and research that targets the development of renewable sources of energy.
Many of these programs have roots dating back more than 40 years and have been redesigned Many of these programs have roots dating back more than 40 years and have been redesigned
many times over that period. many times over that period.
Many of the current programs have been reauthorized and redesigned Many of the current programs have been reauthorized and redesigned ~~periodically~~periodical y to meet to meet
changing economic conditions and national interests. The programs apply broadly to sectors changing economic conditions and national interests. The programs apply broadly to sectors
ranging from industry to academia and from state and local governments to rural communities. ranging from industry to academia and from state and local governments to rural communities.
Each program has been designed to meet perceived current needs as Each program has been designed to meet perceived current needs as ~~well~~ wel as future anticipated as future anticipated
~~challenges~~ chal enges. .
Since 2005, Congress has passed several major energy laws: the Energy Policy Act of 2005 Since 2005, Congress has passed several major energy laws: the Energy Policy Act of 2005
(EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58); the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-(EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58); the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-
140); the Energy Improvement and Extension Act (EIEA), enacted as Division B of the 140); the Energy Improvement and Extension Act (EIEA), enacted as Division B of the
Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA; P.L. 110-343); Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA; P.L. 110-343); ~~and~~ the American the American
Recovery Recovery and Reinvestment Act and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)(ARRA; P.L. 111-5); and the Energy Act of 2020 (Division Z of P.L. 116-260). Each of those laws established, expanded, . Each of those laws established, expanded,
or modified energy efficiency and renewable energy research, development, demonstration, and or modified energy efficiency and renewable energy research, development, demonstration, and
deployment (RDD&D) programs. The Department of Energy (DOE) operates the greatest number deployment (RDD&D) programs. The Department of Energy (DOE) operates the greatest number
of efficiency and renewable energy incentive programs. The Department of the Treasury and the of efficiency and renewable energy incentive programs. The Department of the Treasury and the
Department of Agriculture Department of Agriculture (USDA) operate several programs. A few programs can also be found (USDA) operate several programs. A few programs can also be found
within the Department of the Interior (DOI), the Department of Housing and Urban Development within the Department of the Interior (DOI), the Department of Housing and Urban Development
(HUD), the (HUD), the ~~Small~~ Smal Business Administration (SBA), Fannie Mae, the Department of Health and Business Administration (SBA), Fannie Mae, the Department of Health and
Human Services Human Services (HHS), and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). (HHS), and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).
This report outlines current federal programs and provisions providing grants, loans, loan This report outlines current federal programs and provisions providing grants, loans, loan
guarantees, tax credits, and other direct or indirect incentives for energy efficiency, energy guarantees, tax credits, and other direct or indirect incentives for energy efficiency, energy
conservation, and renewable energy RDD&D. The programs are grouped by administering conservation, and renewable energy RDD&D. The programs are grouped by administering
agency with references to applicable federal agency websites. Incentives are summarized and agency with references to applicable federal agency websites. Incentives are summarized and
indexed in the appendixes. indexed in the appendixes.
Most program descriptions were compiled from authorizing statutes, the Most program descriptions were compiled from authorizing statutes, the U.S. Code, , agency documents and websites, and ~~and~~
Administration budget request documents. Other program Administration budget request documents. Other program descriptions and some funding descriptions and some funding
information were compiled from the Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency information were compiled from the Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency
(DSIRE), the Assistance Listings (formerly the (DSIRE), the Assistance Listings (formerly the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance or or
CFDA) housed on the CFDA) housed on the ~~beta.~~SAM.gov website, and the Energy Star website. SAM.gov website, and the Energy Star website. ~~Most~~Except where noted, budgetary budgetary
figures were compiled from executive agency budget figures were compiled from executive agency budget ~~justifications~~justifications, the annual Budget of the United States Government, and congressional committee and congressional committee
reports. Congressional Research Service 1 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs ~~reports.~~
For more information on agriculture-related grant programs, see CRS Report R45943, For more information on agriculture-related grant programs, see CRS Report R45943, The Farm
Bill Energy Title: An Overview and Funding History, by Kelsi Bracmort; and CRS In Focus , by Kelsi Bracmort; and CRS In Focus
IF10288, IF10288, Overview of ~~Bioenergy Programs in~~ the 2018 Farm Bill Energy Title Programs, by Kelsi Bracmort. For more , by Kelsi Bracmort. For more
~~Congressional Research Service~~

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~~Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs~~

information on programs supporting the development and deployment of alternatives to information on programs supporting the development and deployment of alternatives to
conventional fuels and engines in transportation, see CRS Report R42566, conventional fuels and engines in transportation, see CRS Report R42566, Alternative Fuel and
Advanced Vehicle Technology Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs, by Lynn J. , by Lynn J.
Cunningham et al. Cunningham et al.
I. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy
Renewable Energy
Biomass
1. Bioenergy Technologies Office (formerly the Biomass and Biorefinery Systems
R&D Program)
Administered Administered by by
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
Authority Authority
Federal Federal Nonnuclear Energy Research and DevelopmentNonnuclear Energy Research and Development Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-577) Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-577)
Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA; P.L.Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA; P.L. 94-163) 94-163)
Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA; P.L.Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA; P.L. 94-385) 94-385)
Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91) Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91)
Energy Tax Act (P.L. 95-618) Energy Tax Act (P.L. 95-618)
National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA; P.L. 95-619) National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA; P.L. 95-619)
Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-620) Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-620)
Energy Security Act (P.L. 96-294) Energy Security Act (P.L. 96-294)
National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 (P.L. 100-12) National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 (P.L. 100-12)
FederalFederal Energy Management ImprovementEnergy Management Improvement Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-615) Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-615)
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology CompetitivenessRenewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology Competitiveness Act of 1989 (Act of 1989 ( P.L. P.L.
101-218) 101-218)
Clean AirClean Air Act AmendmentsAct Amendments of 1990 (P.L. 101-549) of 1990 (P.L. 101-549)
Solar,Solar, Wind, Waste, and GeothermalWind, Waste, and Geothermal Power Production Incentives Act of 1990 (Power Production Incentives Act of 1990 ( P.L. 101-P.L. 101-
575) 575)
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486)
BiomassBiomass Research and DevelopmentResearch and Development Act of 2000 (Title III of Agricultural Risk Protection Act of 2000 (Title III of Agricultural Risk Protection
Act of 2000; P.L. 106-224) Act of 2000; P.L. 106-224)
Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-171) Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-171)
Healthy ForestsHealthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (P.L. 108-148) Restoration Act of 2003 (P.L. 108-148)
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140)
Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-234) Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-234)
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Energy Act of 2020 (Div. Z of Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-260), Title IX, Sec. 9009 Annual Funding $195 mil ion for FY2012 $185.2 mil ion for FY2013 $182.3 mil ion for FY2014~~Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)~~
~~Annual Funding~~
~~$180 million for FY2011~~
~~$195 million for FY2012~~
~~$185.2 million for FY2013~~
~~$182.3 million for FY2014~~
~~$175.9 million for FY2015~~
~~$225 million for FY2016~~
~~$205 million for FY2017~~
~~$221.5 million for FY2018~~
~~$226 million for FY2019~~
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Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs

~~$259.5 million for FY2020~~
~~$44.5 million requested for FY2021~~ $175.9 mil ion for FY2015 $225 mil ion for FY2016 $205 mil ion for FY2017 $221.5 mil ion for FY2018 $226 mil ion for FY2019 $259.5 mil ion for FY2020 $255 mil ion for FY2021 $340 mil ion requested for FY2022
Scheduled Scheduled
None None
Termination Termination
Description Description
This program works This program works with industrial partners, national laboratories,with industrial partners, national laboratories, universities,universities, and other and other
stakeholdersstakeholders to develop the technologies and systemsto develop the technologies and systems needed to cost-effectively needed to cost-effectively
transform the nation’s renewable and abundant domestic biomasstransform the nation’s renewable and abundant domestic biomass ~~resources~~ resources into clean, into clean,
affordable, and sustainable biofuels,affordable, and sustainable biofuels, bioproducts, and biopower. In recent years, the bioproducts, and biopower. In recent years, the
program has been primarilyprogram has been primarily geared toward developmentgeared toward development and deployment of ethanol from and deployment of ethanol from
non-food feedstocksnon-food feedstocks (e.g., wastes, switchgrass,(e.g., wastes, switchgrass, algae), but is now expanding its scope to algae), but is now expanding its scope to
include additional alternative fuels,include additional alternative fuels, such as bio-butanol, green gasoline,such as bio-butanol, green gasoline, jet fuel, and diesel. jet fuel, and diesel.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
~~Colleges~~ Col eges and universities;and universities; profit organizations profit organizations
Qualified Qualified
Biomass Biomass
Technologies Technologies
For More Information See CRS Report R42566, For More Information See CRS Report R42566, Alternative Fuel and Advanced Vehicle Technology Incentives: A
Summary of Federal Programs,, by Lynn J. Cunningham et al.; DOE’s Bioenergyby Lynn J. Cunningham et al.; DOE’s Bioenergy Technologies Technologies
Office overview; Office overview; ~~DOE~~EERE’s Bioenergy’s Bioenergy Technologies Office – Funding OpportunitiesTechnologies Office – Funding Opportunities ~~online~~
~~resource~~; and program number 81.087 at the ; and program number 81.087 at the ~~beta.~~SAM.gov website. SAM.gov website.
2. Regional Biomass Energy Grant Programs
Administered Administered by by
Bioenergy Bioenergy Technologies Office, EERE Technologies Office, EERE
Authority Authority
Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91) Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91)
Energy and Water DevelopmentEnergy and Water Development ~~Appropriations~~ Appropriations Act for FY1987 (P.L. 99-591) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Annual Funding1~~Act for FY1987 (P.L. 99-591)~~
~~Annual Funding~~
$0 for FY2011- $0 for FY2011-~~FY2020~~
~~FY2021~~FY2021 FY2022 budget request data are currently unavailable; the budget request data are currently unavailable; the ~~FY2021~~FY2022 DOE budget DOE budget
justifications do not provide details on this program. justifications do not provide details on this program.
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination None None
Description Description
This program provides This program provides assistance to increase America’sassistance to increase America’s use of fuels, chemicals, use of fuels, chemicals,
materials,materials, and power made from domestic biomassand power made from domestic biomass on a sustainable basis. Assistance on a sustainable basis. Assistance
may be used to develop and transfer any of severalmay be used to develop and transfer any of several ~~biomass~~ biomass energy technologies to the energy technologies to the
scientific and industrial communities.scientific and industrial communities. For regionalFor regional programs, such technologies programs, such technologies ~~will~~ wil be be
appropriate for the needs and resourcesappropriate for the needs and resources of particular regions of the United States. This of particular regions of the United States. This
program has not expired, but it has not been regularlyprogram has not expired, but it has not been regularly funded since 2011, and it is funded since 2011, and it is
unlikely that it unlikely that it ~~will receive~~ wil receive significant funding in future years.significant funding in future years.12
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
State and local governments; State and local governments; ~~colleges~~ col eges and universities;and universities; profit organizations; nonprofit profit organizations; nonprofit
organizations organizations
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies Biomass Biomass
For More Information For More Information
See program number 81.079 at the See program number 81.079 at the SAM.gov website. 1 Funding source: the Assistance Listings. 2 According to the program description in the Assistance Listings at the beta.Sam~~beta.SAM~~.gov website.gov website.
on July 9, 2018, and, more recently, on October 18, 2019. Congressional Research Service 3 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs Geothermal
3. Geothermal Technologies Office (GTO)
Administered Administered by by
EERE EERE
Authority Authority
Geothermal Geothermal Energy Research, Development,Energy Research, Development, and Demonstrationand Demonstration Act of 1974 (P.L. Act of 1974 (P.L.
93-410) 93-410)
Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91) Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91)
Energy Tax Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-618) Energy Tax Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-618)
Energy Security Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-294) Energy Security Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-294)

~~1 According to the program description in the Assistance Listings at the beta.Sam.gov website on July 9, 2018, and,~~
~~more recently, on October 18, 2019.~~
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~~Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs~~

Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology CompetitivenessRenewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology Competitiveness Act of 1989 Act of 1989
(P.L. 101-218) (P.L. 101-218)
Solar,Solar, Wind, Waste, and GeothermalWind, Waste, and Geothermal Power Production Incentives Act of 1990 (Power Production Incentives Act of 1990 ( P.L. P.L.
101-575) 101-575)
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486)
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140)
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)
~~Annual Funding~~
~~$37 million for FY2011~~
~~$37 million for FY2012~~
~~$35 million for FY2013~~
~~$44.8 million for FY2014~~
~~$54.3 million for FY2015~~
~~$71 million for FY2016~~
~~$69.5 million for FY2017~~
~~$80.9 million for FY2018~~
~~$84 million for FY2019~~
~~$110 million for FY2020~~
~~$26 million requested for FY2021~~Energy Act of 2020 (Div. Z of Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-260), Title III, Sec. 3002 Annual Funding $37 mil ion for FY2012 $35 mil ion for FY2013 $44.8 mil ion for FY2014 $54.3 mil ion for FY2015 $71 mil ion for FY2016 $69.5 mil ion for FY2017 $80.9 mil ion for FY2018 $84 mil ion for FY2019 $110 mil ion for FY2020 $106 mil ion for FY2021 $163.76 mil ion requested for FY2022
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
None None
Description Description
This program partners the federal government with industry, academia, and research This program partners the federal government with industry, academia, and research
facilitiesfacilities to further the development and deployment of innovative geothermalto further the development and deployment of innovative geothermal energy energy
technologies.technologies. Currently, the program’sCurrently, the program’s technology portfolio has prioritizedtechnology portfolio has prioritized early-early-
stage R&D in four geothermalstage R&D in four geothermal categories:categories: hydrothermal,hydrothermal, enhanced geothermal enhanced geothermal
systemssystems (EGS), low temperature and co-produced resources,(EGS), low temperature and co-produced resources, and systemsand systems analysis.analysis.
CompetitiveCompetitive ~~solicitations~~ solicitations issued as Funding Opportunity Announcements (FOAs) are issued as Funding Opportunity Announcements (FOAs) are
the principal mechanismthe principal mechanism used by the GTO to contract for cost-shared research, used by the GTO to contract for cost-shared research,
development,development, and demonstration projects. and demonstration projects.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Profit organizations; Profit organizations; ~~colleges~~ col eges and universities and universities
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Geothermal Geothermal
For More Information For More Information
See EERE’s Geothermal See EERE’s Geothermal ~~Technologies Office website~~ Technologies Office website; EERE’s Geothermal Technologies Office – Open Funding Opportunities; and program number 81.087 at ; and program number 81.087 at
the the ~~beta.~~Sam.gov website. Sam.gov website.
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
4. Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Technologies Office
Administered Administered by by
EERE EERE
Authority Authority
Federal Federal Energy AdministrationEnergy Administration Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-275) Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-275)
~~Federal~~ Congressional Research Service 4 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs Federal Nonnuclear Energy Research and DevelopmentNonnuclear Energy Research and Development Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-577) Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-577)
Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA; P.L.Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA; P.L. 94-163) 94-163)
Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, DevelopmentElectric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development and Demonstrationand Demonstration Act (P.L. 94-Act (P.L. 94-
413) 413)
Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91) Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91)
AutomotiveAutomotive Propulsion Research and DevelopmentPropulsion Research and Development Act of 1978 (Title III of Act of 1978 (Title III of
Department of Energy Act of 1978-Civilian Applications; P.L.Department of Energy Act of 1978-Civilian Applications; P.L. 95-238) 95-238)
Energy Security Act (P.L. 96-294) Energy Security Act (P.L. 96-294)
Methane Transportation Research,Methane Transportation Research, Development,Development, and Demonstration Act of 1980 and Demonstration Act of 1980
(P.L. 96-512) (P.L. 96-512)
AlternativeAlternative Motor Fuels Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-494) Motor Fuels Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-494)
Spark M. Matsunaga Hydrogen Research, Development,Spark M. Matsunaga Hydrogen Research, Development, and Demonstrationand Demonstration Act of Act of
1990 (P.L. 101-566) 1990 (P.L. 101-566)
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486)
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~~Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs~~

Hydrogen Future Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-271) Hydrogen Future Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-271)
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140)
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)
~~Annual Funding~~
~~$95.8 million for FY2011~~
~~$101.3 million for FY2012~~
~~$95.8 million for FY2013~~
~~$89.5 million for FY2014~~
~~$94.8 million for FY2015~~
~~$101 million for FY2016~~
~~$101 million for FY2017~~
~~$115 million for FY2018~~
~~$120 million for FY2019~~
~~$150 million for FY2020~~
~~$42 million requested for FY2021~~Energy Act of 2020 (Div. Z of Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-260), Title IX, Sec. 9009 Annual Funding $101.3 mil ion for FY2012 $95.8 mil ion for FY2013 $89.5 mil ion for FY2014 $94.8 mil ion for FY2015 $101 mil ion for FY2016 $101 mil ion for FY2017 $115 mil ion for FY2018 $120 mil ion for FY2019 $150 mil ion for FY2020 $150 mil ion for FY2021 $197.5 mil ion requested for FY2022
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
None None
Description Description
This program partners with industry, academia, and national laboratories This program partners with industry, academia, and national laboratories and works and works
in closein close coordination with Vehicle Technologiescoordination with Vehicle Technologies and other programs at DOE to and other programs at DOE to
overcomeovercome technical barrierstechnical barriers through R&D of hydrogen production, delivery,through R&D of hydrogen production, delivery, and and
storage technologies; overcomestorage technologies; overcome technical barrierstechnical barriers to fuel to fuel ~~cell~~ cel technologies for technologies for
transportation, distributed stationary power, and portable power applications; transportation, distributed stationary power, and portable power applications;
address safety issuesaddress safety issues and facilitate the development of modeland facilitate the development of model codes and standards; codes and standards;
validate and demonstrate hydrogen and fuel validate and demonstrate hydrogen and fuel ~~cells~~cel s in real-world in real-world conditions; and conditions; and
educate key stakeholderseducate key stakeholders whose acceptance of these technologieswhose acceptance of these technologies ~~will~~ wil determine determine
their success in the marketplace. their success in the marketplace.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Federal Federal government; national laboratories;government; national laboratories; ~~colleges~~ col eges and universities;and universities; and profit and profit
organizations organizations
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Hydrogen and fuel Hydrogen and fuel ~~cells~~cel s
For More Information For More Information
See EERE’s Hydrogen and Fuel See EERE’s Hydrogen and Fuel ~~Cell~~ Cel Technologies website; Technologies website; EERE’s Hydrogen and Fuel Cel Technologies Office – Funding Opportunities; and program number and program number
81.087 at 81.087 at the ~~the beta.~~Sam.gov website. Sam.gov website.
Solar
5. Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO)
Administered Administered by EERE Congressional Research Service 5 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs by
~~EERE~~
Authority Authority
Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA; P.L. Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA; P.L. 94-163) 94-163)
Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA; P.L.Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA; P.L. 94-385) 94-385)
Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91) Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91)
Solar Photovoltaic Energy Research,Solar Photovoltaic Energy Research, ~~Development~~ Development and Demonstrationand Demonstration Act of 1984 Act of 1984
(P.L. 95-590) (P.L. 95-590)
National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA; P.L. 95-619) National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA; P.L. 95-619)
Energy Security Act (P.L. 96-294) Energy Security Act (P.L. 96-294)
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology CompetitivenessRenewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology Competitiveness Act of 1989 Act of 1989
(P.L. 101-218) (P.L. 101-218)
Solar,Solar, Wind, Waste, and GeothermalWind, Waste, and Geothermal Power Production Incentives Act of 1990 (Power Production Incentives Act of 1990 ( P.L. P.L.
101-575) 101-575)
P.L. 102-46 [Technical amendment to the Solar,P.L. 102-46 [Technical amendment to the Solar, Wind, Waste, and Geothermal Wind, Waste, and Geothermal
Power Production Incentives of 1990] Power Production Incentives of 1990]
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486)
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140)
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Energy Act of 2020 (Div. Z of Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-260 ), Title III, Sec. 3004 Annual Funding $284.7 mil ion for FY2012 $269.1 mil ion for FY2013 $254.3 mil ion for FY2014 $230.8 mil ion for FY2015 $241.6 mil ion for FY2016 $207.6 mil ion for FY2017 $241.6 mil ion for FY2018 $246.5 mil ion for FY2019 $280 mil ion for FY2020 $280 mil ion for FY2021 $386.6 mil ion requested for FY2022~~Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)~~
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~~Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs~~

~~Annual Funding~~
~~$259.6 million for FY2011~~
~~$284.7 million for FY2012~~
~~$269.1 million for FY2013~~
~~$254.3 million for FY2014~~
~~$230.8 million for FY2015~~
~~$241.6 million for FY2016~~
~~$207.6 million for FY2017~~
~~$241.6 million for FY2018~~
~~$246.5 million for FY2019~~
~~$280 million for FY2020~~
~~$67 million requested for FY2021~~
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
None None
Description Description
SETO partners with industry, national laboratories, SETO partners with industry, national laboratories, and universitiesand universities to develop and to develop and
bring bring ~~reliable and affordable~~ solar energy technologies to the marketplacesolar energy technologies to the marketplace~~. This~~
by improving the energy efficiency, cost effectiveness, reliability, resilience, security, siting, integration, manufacturability, instal ation, decommissioning, and recyclability of solar energy technologies. This program finances R&D in five major subprograms:program finances R&D in five major subprograms: Photovoltaics (PV), Concentrating Photovoltaics (PV), Concentrating
Solar Power (CSP), SystemsSolar Power (CSP), Systems Integration for Solar Technologies, Balance of Systems Integration for Solar Technologies, Balance of Systems
Soft Cost Reduction, and Soft Cost Reduction, and ~~Technology to Market~~Manufacturing and Competitiveness. .
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Industry; national laboratories; Industry; national laboratories; ~~colleges~~ col eges and universities and universities
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Solar Solar
For More Information For More Information
See EERE’s Solar Energy Technologies Office website; See EERE’s Solar Energy Technologies Office website; EERE’s Solar Energy Technologies Office – Funding Opportunities; and program number 81.087 at and program number 81.087 at
~~the beta.~~the SAM.gov website. SAM.gov website.
Water Power
6. Water Power Technologies Office (formerly Wind and Hydropower
Technologies Program)
Administered Administered by by
EERE EERE
Authority Authority
Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA; P.L. Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA; P.L. ~~94-163)~~
94-163) Congressional Research Service 6 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology CompetitivenessRenewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology Competitiveness Act of 1989 Act of 1989
(P.L. 101-218) (P.L. 101-218)
Solar,Solar, Wind, Waste, and GeothermalWind, Waste, and Geothermal Power Production Incentives Act of 1990 (Power Production Incentives Act of 1990 ( P.L. P.L.
101-575) 101-575)
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486)
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140)
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)
~~Annual Funding~~
~~$29.2 million for FY2011~~
~~$58.1 million for FY2012~~
~~$54.7 million for FY2013~~
~~$57.8 million for FY2014~~
~~$60 million for FY2015~~
~~$70 million for FY2016~~
~~$84 million for FY2017~~
~~$105 million for FY2018~~
~~$105 million for FY2019~~
~~$148 million for FY2020~~
~~$45 million requested for FY2021~~Energy Act of 2020 (Div. Z of Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-260), Title III, Sec. 3001 Annual Funding $58.1 mil ion for FY2012 $54.7 mil ion for FY2013 $57.8 mil ion for FY2014 $60 mil ion for FY2015 $70 mil ion for FY2016 $84 mil ion for FY2017 $105 mil ion for FY2018 $105 mil ion for FY2019 $148 mil ion for FY2020 $150 mil ion for FY2021 $196.6 mil ion requested for FY2022
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
None None
Description Description
This program partners with the national laboratories, This program partners with the national laboratories, industry, universities,industry, universities, and and
other federal agencies to promote the development and deployment of technologies other federal agencies to promote the development and deployment of technologies
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~~Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs~~

~~capable of generating environmentally~~ capable of generating environmental y sustainable and cost-effective electricitysustainable and cost-effective electricity from from
the nation’s water resourcesthe nation’s water resources (both conventional and marine and hydrokinetic (both conventional and marine and hydrokinetic
technologies). technologies).
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Federal, Federal, state, local, and tribal governments; national laboratories;state, local, and tribal governments; national laboratories; industry; industry; ~~small~~
smal businesses; businesses; ~~colleges~~ col eges and universities and universities
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Hydroelectric; Hydroelectric; hydrokinetic energy; wave energy; tidal energy; ocean thermal energy hydrokinetic energy; wave energy; tidal energy; ocean thermal energy
conversion conversion
For More Information For More Information
See EERE’s Water Power Technologies Office website; See EERE’s Water Power Technologies Office website; EERE’s Water Power Technologies Office – Funding Opportunities; and program number 81.087 and program number 81.087
at the at the ~~beta.~~SAM.gov website. SAM.gov website.
Wind Energy
7. Wind Energy Technologies Office (formerly Wind and Hydropower
Technologies Program)
Administered Administered by by
EERE EERE
Authority Authority
Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA; P.L. Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA; P.L. 94-163) 94-163)
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology CompetitivenessRenewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology Competitiveness Act of 1989 (Act of 1989 ( P.L. P.L.
101-218) 101-218)
Solar,Solar, Wind, Waste, and GeothermalWind, Waste, and Geothermal Power Production Incentives Act of 1990 (Power Production Incentives Act of 1990 ( P.L. P.L.
101-575) 101-575)
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486)
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140)
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)
~~Annual Funding~~
~~$78.8 million for FY2011~~
~~$91.8 million for FY2012~~
~~$86.1 million for FY2013~~
~~$87 million for FY2014~~
~~$105.9 million for FY2015~~
~~$95.5 million for FY2016~~
~~$90 million for FY2017~~
~~$92 million for FY2018~~
~~$92 million for FY2019~~
~~$104 million for FY2020~~
~~$22.1million requested for FY2021~~Energy Act of 2020 (Div. Z of Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-260), Title III, Sec. 3003 Congressional Research Service 7 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs Annual Funding $91.8 mil ion for FY2012 $86.1 mil ion for FY2013 $87 mil ion for FY2014 $105.9 mil ion for FY2015 $95.5 mil ion for FY2016 $90 mil ion for FY2017 $92 mil ion for FY2018 $92 mil ion for FY2019 $104 mil ion for FY2020 $110 mil ion for FY2021 $204.9 mil ion requested for FY2022
Scheduled Scheduled
None None
Termination Termination
Description Description
This program partners with federal, This program partners with federal, state, and other stakeholderstate, and other stakeholder groups to conduct groups to conduct
research and development activities through competitivelyresearch and development activities through competitively selected,selected, cost-shared cost-shared
research and development projects with industry to improve the performance,research and development projects with industry to improve the performance, lower lower
the costs, and acceleratethe costs, and accelerate the deployment of wind energy technologies.the deployment of wind energy technologies. This program finances R&D in four major subprograms: Offshore Wind, Land-based Wind, Distributed Wind, and Grid Integration and Analysis. Qualified Federal,
~~Qualified~~
~~Federal,~~ state, local, and tribal governments; national laboratories;state, local, and tribal governments; national laboratories; industry; industry; ~~small~~
smal Applicant(s) Applicant(s)
businesses; businesses; ~~colleges~~ col eges and universities and universities
Qualified Qualified
Wind Wind
Technologies Technologies
For More For More
See EERE’s Wind Energy Office website; See EERE’s Wind Energy Office website; ~~and program number 81.087 at the~~
~~Information~~
~~beta.SAM.gov website.~~
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EERE’s Wind Energy Technologies Office – Information Funding Opportunities; and program number 81.087 at the SAM.gov website.
Energy Efficiency
Buildings
8. Building ~~Technologies Office~~ Technologies Office (BTO)
Administered Administered by by
EERE EERE
Authority Authority
Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA; P.L. Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA; P.L. 94-163) 94-163)
Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA; P.L.Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA; P.L. 94-385) 94-385)
Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91) Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91)
Energy Tax Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-618) Energy Tax Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-618)
National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA; P.L. 95-619) National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA; P.L. 95-619)
Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-620) Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-620)
Energy Security Act (P.L. 96-294) Energy Security Act (P.L. 96-294)
National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 (P.L. 100-12) National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 (P.L. 100-12)
National Appliance Energy Conservation AmendmentsNational Appliance Energy Conservation Amendments of 1988 (P.L. 100-357) of 1988 (P.L. 100-357)
FederalFederal Energy Management ImprovementEnergy Management Improvement Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-615) Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-615)
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486)
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140)
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)
~~Annual Funding~~
~~$207.3 million for FY2011~~
~~$214.7 million for FY2012~~
~~$204.6 million for FY2013~~
~~$173.6 million for FY2014~~
~~$168.2 million for FY2015~~
~~$200.5 million for FY2016~~
~~$199.1 million for FY2017~~
~~$220.7 million for FY2018~~
~~$226 million for FY2019~~
~~$285 million for FY2020~~
~~$61 million requested for FY2021~~Energy Act of 2020 (Div. Z of Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-260), Title I, Sec. 1007 Annual Funding $214.7 mil ion for FY2012 $204.6 mil ion for FY2013 Congressional Research Service 8 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs $173.6 mil ion for FY2014 $168.2 mil ion for FY2015 $200.5 mil ion for FY2016 $199.1 mil ion for FY2017 $220.7 mil ion for FY2018 $226 mil ion for FY2019 $285 mil ion for FY2020 $290 mil ion for FY2021 $382 mil ion requested for FY2022
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
None None
Description Description
In partnership with the private sector, In partnership with the private sector, state and local governments,state and local governments, national national
laboratories,laboratories, and universities,and universities, the Building Technologiesthe Building Technologies Office worksOffice works to improveto improve the the
efficiency of buildings and the equipment, components, and systemsefficiency of buildings and the equipment, components, and systems within them, within them,
including electricincluding electric grid integrationgrid integration and advanced energy storage. The program supports and advanced energy storage. The program supports
research and development (R&D) activities and providesresearch and development (R&D) activities and provides tools, guidelines,tools, guidelines, training, and training, and
access to technical and financial resources. access to technical and financial resources.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
State, local, State, local, and tribal governments; universities;and tribal governments; universities; national laboratories national laboratories
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Energy-efficient innovations for building envelopes, Energy-efficient innovations for building envelopes, equipment, lighting, daylighting, and equipment, lighting, daylighting, and
windows; passive solar; photovoltaics; fuel windows; passive solar; photovoltaics; fuel ~~cells~~cel s; advanced sensors; advanced sensors and controls; and and controls; and
combined heating, cooling, and power systems combined heating, cooling, and power systems
For More Information For More Information
See EERE’s Building Technologies See EERE’s Building Technologies ~~Office website~~ Office website; and EERE’s Building Technologies Office – Funding Opportunities. .
9. Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP)
Administered Administered by by
EERE EERE
Authority Authority
Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA; P.L. Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA; P.L. 94-385) 94-385)
National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA; P.L. 95-619) National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA; P.L. 95-619)
Energy Security Act (P.L. 96-294) Energy Security Act (P.L. 96-294)
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~~Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs~~

Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486)
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140)
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)
~~Annual Funding~~
~~$171 million for FY2011~~
~~$68 million for FY2012~~
~~$131.7 million for FY2013~~
~~$173.9 million for FY2014~~
~~$193 million for FY2015~~
~~$215 million for FY2016~~
~~$228 million for FY2017~~
~~$251 million for FY2018~~
~~$254 million for FY2019~~
~~$308.5 million for FY2020~~
~~$0 requested for FY2021~~
~~Scheduled Termination None~~
Energy Act of 2020 (Div. Z of Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-260), Title I, Sec. 1011 Annual Funding $68 mil ion for FY2012 $131.7 mil ion for FY2013 $173.9 mil ion for FY2014 $193 mil ion for FY2015 $215 mil ion for FY2016 $228 mil ion for FY2017 $251 mil ion for FY2018 $254 mil ion for FY2019 $308.5 mil ion for FY2020 $315 mil ion for FY2021 $421 mil ion requested for FY2022 Scheduled Termination None Description Description
This program reduces energy costs for low-income This program reduces energy costs for low-income households by increasing the households by increasing the
energy efficiency of their homes while ensuring their health and safety. DOE provides energy efficiency of their homes while ensuring their health and safety. DOE provides
funding and technical guidance to states, which manage the day-to-day details of the funding and technical guidance to states, which manage the day-to-day details of the
program.program. Low-income familiesLow-income families ~~receive services from~~ receive services from a network of morea network of more than 900 local than 900 local
weatherization serviceweatherization service providers who providers who ~~install~~ instal energy efficiency measuresenergy efficiency measures in the homes in the homes
of qualifying homeownersof qualifying homeowners free of charge. Congressional Research Service 9 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs ~~free of charge.~~
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
State and tribal governments, State and tribal governments, including U.S. territories including U.S. territories
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Weatherization technologies Weatherization technologies include a wide range of energy efficiency measuresinclude a wide range of energy efficiency measures for for
retrofitting homes and apartment buildings. Weatherizationretrofitting homes and apartment buildings. Weatherization ~~service~~ service providers choose providers choose
the best package of efficiency measuresthe best package of efficiency measures for each home based on an energy audit of the for each home based on an energy audit of the
home. Typical measureshome. Typical measures may include may include ~~installing~~instal ing insulation, sealing ducts, tuning and insulation, sealing ducts, tuning and
repairing heating and cooling systems,repairing heating and cooling systems, and if indicated, replacing the same; mitigating air and if indicated, replacing the same; mitigating air
infiltration; and reducing electricinfiltration; and reducing electric base load consumption. base load consumption.
For More Information For More Information
See EERE’s Weatherization Assistance Program See EERE’s Weatherization Assistance Program website; the National Associationwebsite; the National Association for for
State Community ServicesState Community Services Program’sProgram’s (NASCSP’s) WAP Clearinghouse; EERE’s (NASCSP’s) WAP Clearinghouse; EERE’s
Weatherization Success StoriesWeatherization Success Stories website; program number 81.042 at the website; program number 81.042 at the ~~beta.~~SAM.gov SAM.gov
website; and CRS Report R46418, website; and CRS Report R46418, The Weatherization Assistance Program Formula, , by Corrie by
~~Corrie~~ E. Clark and Lynn J. Cunningham. E. Clark and Lynn J. Cunningham.
Industrial
10. Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO, formerly the Industrial Technologies
Program - ITP)
Administered Administered by by
EERE EERE
Authority Authority
Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA; P.L. Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA; P.L. 94-163) 94-163)
Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA; P.L.Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA; P.L. 94-385) 94-385)
Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91) Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91)
National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA; P.L. 95-619) National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA; P.L. 95-619)
Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-620) Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-620)
Energy Security Act (P.L. 96-294) Energy Security Act (P.L. 96-294)
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology CompetitivenessRenewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology Competitiveness Act of 1989 Act of 1989
(P.L. 101-218) (P.L. 101-218)
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486)
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140)
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Energy Act of 2020 (Div. Z of Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-260), Title I, Sec. 1013 Annual Funding $112.7 mil ion for FY2012 $114.3 mil ion for FY2013 $175.4 mil ion for FY2014 $194.2 mil ion for FY2015 $228.5 mil ion for FY2016 $257.5 mil ion for FY2017 $305 mil ion for FY2018 $320 mil ion for FY2019 $395 mil ion for FY2020 $396 mil ion for FY2021 $550.5 mil ion requested for FY2022~~Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)~~
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~~Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs~~

~~Annual Funding~~
~~$105.9 million for FY2011~~
~~$112.7 million for FY2012~~
~~$114.3 million for FY2013~~
~~$175.4 million for FY2014~~
~~$194.2 million for FY2015~~
~~$228.5 million for FY2016~~
~~$257.5 million for FY2017~~
~~$305 million for FY2018~~
~~$320 million for FY2019~~
~~$395 million for FY2020~~
~~$94.6 million requested for FY2021~~
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
None None
Description Description
AMO works with industry to improve AMO works with industry to improve industrial energy efficiency and environmental industrial energy efficiency and environmental
performance whileperformance while increasing productivity by conducting R&D on new energy increasing productivity by conducting R&D on new energy
efficient technologies; supporting commercializationefficient technologies; supporting commercialization of emerging technologies; of emerging technologies;
providing plants with access to proven technologies,providing plants with access to proven technologies, energy assessments,energy assessments, software software
tools,tools, and other resources;and other resources; and promoting energy and carbon management in and promoting energy and carbon management in
industry. industry.
Congressional Research Service 10 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
National laboratories; National laboratories; companies; state, local, and tribal governments; companies; state, local, and tribal governments; ~~colleges~~ col eges and and
universities universities
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Crosscutting technologies Crosscutting technologies that improvethat improve the efficiency of technologiesthe efficiency of technologies that are that are
common to many industrial processescommon to many industrial processes and can benefit multiple industries. and can benefit multiple industries.
Crosscutting technology R&D areas include combustion, distributed energy, energy Crosscutting technology R&D areas include combustion, distributed energy, energy
intensity processes,intensity processes, fuel and feedstock liability,fuel and feedstock liability, industrial materialsindustrial materials for the future, for the future,
nanomanufacturing, and sensorsnanomanufacturing, and sensors and automation. and automation.
For More Information For More Information
See EERE’s Advanced Manufacturing Office website See EERE’s Advanced Manufacturing Office website; and EERE’s Advanced Manufacturing Technologies Office – Funding Opportunities. .
11. Inventions and Innovations Program
Administered Administered by by
EERE EERE
Authority Authority
Federal Federal Nonnuclear Energy Research and DevelopmentNonnuclear Energy Research and Development Policy Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-Policy Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-
577) 577)
Annual Annual ~~Funding~~Funding3
$0 for FY2011 $0 for FY2011
$940,000 for FY2012$940,000 for FY2012
~~$1 million~~ $1 mil ion for FY2013 for FY2013
$0 for FY2014-FY2018 $0 for FY2014-FY2018
$50,000 for FY2019 $50,000 for FY2019
$0 for FY2020 $0 for FY2020
~~FY2021~~$0 for FY2021 FY2022 budget request data are currently unavailable; the budget request data are currently unavailable; the ~~FY2021~~FY2022 DOE budget DOE budget
justifications do not provide details on this program. justifications do not provide details on this program.
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
None None
Description Description
This program provides This program provides financial and technical assistance for researchfinancial and technical assistance for research and and
development of innovative, energy-saving ideas and inventions with future commercial development of innovative, energy-saving ideas and inventions with future commercial
marketmarket potential. It supports energy efficiency and renewable energy technology potential. It supports energy efficiency and renewable energy technology
development in areas that align with Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy development in areas that align with Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
programs.programs. This program has not expired, but it has not been regularlyThis program has not expired, but it has not been regularly funded since funded since
2013, and it is unlikely that it 2013, and it is unlikely that it ~~will receive~~ wil receive significant funding in future years.significant funding in future years.24
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Individuals; Individuals; ~~small~~ smal businesses businesses
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Specific energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies not listed Specific energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies not listed

~~2 According to the program description in the Assistance Listings at the beta.Sam.gov website, noted on July 9, 2018,~~
~~October 18, 2019, and, most recently, on October 26, 2020.~~
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For More Information For More Information
See program number 81.036 at the See program number 81.036 at the ~~beta.~~SAM.gov website.SAM.gov website. The U.S. Department of The U.S. Department of
Energy’s Inventions & Innovations website has been retired.Energy’s Inventions & Innovations website has been retired. To access information on To access information on
financial opportunities and current solicitations,financial opportunities and current solicitations, visit the Advanced Manufacturing visit the Advanced Manufacturing
Office’sOffice’s (formerly(formerly the Industrial Technologies Program’s)the Industrial Technologies Program’s) funding opportunities funding opportunities
website. website.
Vehicles
12. Vehicle Technologies ~~Office~~ Office (VTO)
Administered Administered by by
EERE EERE
Authority Authority
Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91) Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91)
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486)
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140)
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)
~~Annual Funding~~
~~$293.2 million for FY2011~~
~~$321 million for FY2012~~
~~$303.2 million for FY2013~~
~~$282.2 million for FY2014~~
~~$272.5 million for FY2015~~
~~$310 million for FY2016~~
~~$307 million for FY2017~~
~~$337.5 million for FY2018~~
~~$344 million for FY2019~~
~~$396 million for FY2020~~
~~$74.4 million requested for FY2021~~
~~Scheduled Termination~~
~~None~~
~~Description~~
~~The Vehicle Technologies Program works with industry leaders~~ 3 Funding source: the Assistance Listings. 4 According to the program description in the Assistance Listings at the beta.Sam.gov website, noted on July 9, 2018, October 18, 2019, October 26, 2020, and, most recently, at the SAM.gov website on July 28, 2021. Congressional Research Service 11 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs Energy Act of 2020 (Div. Z of Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-260), Title IX, Sec. 9009 Annual Funding $321 mil ion for FY2012 $303.2 mil ion for FY2013 $282.2 mil ion for FY2014 $272.5 mil ion for FY2015 $310 mil ion for FY2016 $307 mil ion for FY2017 $337.5 mil ion for FY2018 $344 mil ion for FY2019 $396 mil ion for FY2020 $400 mil ion for FY2021 $595 mil ion requested for FY2022 Scheduled Termination None Description The Vehicle Technologies Program works with industry leaders to develop and deploy to develop and deploy
advanced transportation technologies that could achieve significant improvementsadvanced transportation technologies that could achieve significant improvements in in
vehicle fuel efficiency and displace oil with other fuels that ultimatelyvehicle fuel efficiency and displace oil with other fuels that ultimately can be can be
~~domestically~~ domestical y produced in a clean and cost-competitive manner.produced in a clean and cost-competitive manner. Program activities Program activities
include research,include research, development,development, demonstration,demonstration, testing, technology validation, testing, technology validation,
technology transfer, and education. technology transfer, and education.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Industry; Industry; ~~colleges~~ col eges and universities;and universities; federal,federal, state, and local governments; national state, and local governments; national
laboratories laboratories
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Hybrid electric systems; Hybrid electric systems; biofuels or fuels technology; advanced internal combustion biofuels or fuels technology; advanced internal combustion
engines; advanced charging and battery systems;engines; advanced charging and battery systems; advanced propulsion and advanced propulsion and ~~lighweighting~~
lightweighting materials;materials; and technology integration and technology integration
For More Information For More Information
See EERE’s Vehicle Technology See EERE’s Vehicle Technology ~~Program~~Office website; website; ~~and EERE’s Vehicle Technologies~~
~~Program Factsheet.~~
~~Other Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Programs~~
~~13. Conservation Research and Development Grants~~
~~Administered by~~
~~EERE~~
~~Authority~~
~~Federal Nonnuclear Energy Research and Development Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-577)~~
~~Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91)~~
~~Further Continuing Appropriations Act for FY1983 (P.L. 97-377)~~
~~American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)~~
~~Annual Funding~~
~~$300 million for FY2011~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

11

~~Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs~~

~~$188.3 million for FY2012~~
~~$164 million for FY2013~~
~~$38.5 million for FY2014~~
~~$0 for FY2015; $142.4 million was de-obligated from this CFDA program number for~~
~~FY2015~~
~~$180.7 million for FY2016~~
~~$102.7 million for FY2017~~
~~$156.7 million for FY2018~~
~~$181.4 million for FY2019~~
~~$88.5 million for FY2020 (est.)~~
~~FY2021 budget request data are unavailable; the FY2021 DOE budget justifications do~~
~~not provide details on this program.~~
~~Scheduled Termination~~
~~None~~
~~Description~~
~~This program provides project grants to conduct balanced, long-term research efforts~~
~~in buildings, industrial, vehicle, and hydrogen and fuel cell technologies.~~
~~Qualified Applicant(s)~~
~~State, local, and tribal governments; universities; profit organizations; private nonprofit~~
~~institutions/organizations~~
~~Qualified Technologies~~
~~Hydrogen and fuel cells; energy efficient technologies; advanced battery manufacturing~~
~~For More Information~~
~~See program number 81.086 at the beta.SAM.gov website.~~
~~14. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Information Dissemination,~~
~~Outreach, Training,~~ EERE’s Vehicle Technologies Office – Funding Opportunities; and EERE’s Vehicle Technologies Program Factsheet. Other Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Programs 13. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Information Dissemination, Outreach, Training, and Technical Analysis/Assistance Grant Program
Administered Administered by by
EERE EERE
Authority Authority
Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-438) Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-438)
Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91) Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91)
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486)
Annual Annual ~~Funding~~
~~$15 million for FY2011~~
~~$32.2 million~~ Funding5 $32.2 mil ion for FY2012 for FY2012
$36.1 $36.1 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2013for FY2013
$27.1 $27.1 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2014for FY2014
$33.1 $33.1 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2015for FY2015
$19.5 $19.5 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2016for FY2016
~~$41 million~~ $41 mil ion for FY2017for FY2017
$21.7 $21.7 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2018 for FY2018
$16 $16 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2019for FY2019
$8.1 $8.1 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2020 (est.) for FY2020 (est.)
~~FY2021~~$0 for FY2021(est.) FY2022 budget request data are unavailable; the budget request data are unavailable; the ~~FY2021~~FY2022 DOE budget justifications do DOE budget justifications do
not provide details on this program. not provide details on this program.
5 Funding source: the Assistance Listings. Congressional Research Service 12 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
None None
Description Description
This program provides This program provides financial assistance for informationfinancial assistance for information dissemination,dissemination, outreach, outreach,
training, and related technical analysis/assistancetraining, and related technical analysis/assistance that that ~~will~~ wil (1) stimulate(1) stimulate increased increased
energy efficiency in transportation, buildings, industry, and the federal sector and energy efficiency in transportation, buildings, industry, and the federal sector and
encourage increasedencourage increased use of renewableuse of renewable and alternative energy; and (2) accelerateand alternative energy; and (2) accelerate the the
adoption of new technologies to increaseadoption of new technologies to increase energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy efficiency and the use of renewable
and alternative energy through the competitiveand alternative energy through the competitive solicitation of applications. solicitation of applications.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
State and local governments; Native American State and local governments; Native American organizations; individuals; universities; organizations; individuals; universities;
profit organizations; private nonprofit organizations; public nonprofit organizations; profit organizations; private nonprofit organizations; public nonprofit organizations;
Alaskan Native corporations and universities Alaskan Native corporations and universities
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Specific energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies not listed Specific energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies not listed
For More Information For More Information
See program number 81.117 at the See program number 81.117 at the ~~beta.SAM.gov website.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

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~~Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs~~

15SAM.gov website. 14. Renewable Energy Production Incentive (REPI)
Administered Administered by by
EERE EERE
Authority Authority
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486), Title XII, Section 1212 Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486), Title XII, Section 1212
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58), Title II, Subtitle A, Section 202 Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58), Title II, Subtitle A, Section 202
Annual Funding Annual Funding
$4.95 $4.95 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2006 for FY2006
$4.95 $4.95 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2007for FY2007
$4.95 $4.95 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2008 for FY2008
$5 $5 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2009 for FY2009
$0 for FY2010-$0 for FY2010-~~FY2020~~
FY2021 $0 requested for $0 requested for ~~FY2021~~FY2022
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
End of FY2026 End of FY2026
Description Description
This program provides This program provides incentive payments for electricityincentive payments for electricity generated and sold by new generated and sold by new
qualifying renewable energy facilities.qualifying renewable energy facilities. Qualifying systems are eligibleQualifying systems are eligible for annual incentive for annual incentive
payments of 1.5¢ per kilowatt-hour in 1993 payments of 1.5¢ per kilowatt-hour in 1993 ~~dollars~~dol ars (indexed for inflation) for the first (indexed for inflation) for the first
10-year period of their operation, subject to the availability of annual appropriations in 10-year period of their operation, subject to the availability of annual appropriations in
each federal fiscal year of operation. each federal fiscal year of operation.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
State, local, State, local, and tribal governments; public utilities; not-for-profit electrical and tribal governments; public utilities; not-for-profit electrical
cooperatives; Native Americancooperatives; Native American corporations corporations
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Solar thermal electric; Solar thermal electric; photovoltaics; photovoltaics; ~~landfill~~ landfil gas; wind; biomass; geothermalgas; wind; biomass; geothermal electric; electric;
anaerobic digestion; tidal energy; wave energy; ocean thermal anaerobic digestion; tidal energy; wave energy; ocean thermal
For More Information For More Information
See See ~~United States~~U.S. Code: 42 U.S.C. Code: 42 U.S.C. §13317. 15. State Energy Program (SEP) Administered by EERE Authority Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA; P.L. 94-163) Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA; P.L. 94-385) National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA; P.L. 95-619) State Energy Efficiency Programs ~~§13317~~
~~16. Renewable Energy Research and Development Program~~
~~Administered by~~
~~EERE~~
~~Authority~~
~~Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91)~~
~~Department of Energy Act of 1978-Civilian Applications (P.L. 95-238), Section 207~~
~~Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology Competitiveness Act of 1989 (P.L.~~
~~101-218)~~
~~Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)~~
~~Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140)~~
~~American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)~~
~~Annual Funding~~
~~$114.7 million for FY2011~~
~~$233.2 million for FY2012~~
~~$356.6 million for FY2013~~
~~$157.7 million for FY2014~~
~~$0 for FY2015 (est.); $109.4 million was de-obligated from this CFDA program number~~
~~for FY2015~~
~~$245.4 million for FY2016~~
~~$384.8 million for FY2017~~
~~$249 million for FY2018~~
~~$339.5 million for FY2019~~
~~$252.2 million for FY2020 (est.)~~
~~FY2021 budget request data are unavailable; the FY2021 DOE budget justifications do~~
~~not provide details on this program.~~
~~Scheduled Termination None~~
~~Description~~
~~This program provides financial assistance to conduct balanced research and~~
~~development efforts in the following energy technologies: solar, biomass, hydrogen, fuel~~
~~cells and infrastructure, wind, waterpower, hydrogen, and geothermal. Assistance may be~~
~~used to develop and transfer renewable energy technologies to the scientific and~~
~~industrial communities, states, and local governments.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

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~~Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs~~

~~Qualified Applicant(s)~~
~~State, local, and tribal governments; colleges and universities; profit organizations; private~~
~~nonprofit organizations~~
~~Qualified Technologies~~
~~Solar; biomass; hydrogen; fuel cells; wind; hydropower; geothermal~~
~~For More Information~~
~~See program number 81.087 at the beta.SAM.gov website.~~
~~17. State Energy Program (SEP)~~
~~Administered by~~
~~EERE~~
~~Authority~~
~~Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA; P.L. 94-163)~~
~~Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA; P.L. 94-385)~~
~~National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA; P.L. 95-619)~~
~~State Energy Efficiency Programs~~ Improvement Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-440) Improvement Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-440)
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486)
Energy Conservation Reauthorization Act of 1998 (P.L. 105-388) Energy Conservation Reauthorization Act of 1998 (P.L. 105-388)
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140)
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)
Annual Funding Annual Funding
$50 $50 ~~million for FY2011~~
~~$50 million~~ mil ion for FY2012 for FY2012
$47.1 $47.1 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2013for FY2013
~~$50 million~~ $50 mil ion for FY2014 for FY2014
$50 $50 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2015 for FY2015
~~$50 million for FY2016~~
~~$50 million for FY2017~~
~~$55 million for FY2018~~
~~$55 million for FY2019~~
~~$62.5 million for FY2020~~
~~$0 requested for FY2021~~ Congressional Research Service 13 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs $50 mil ion for FY2016 $50 mil ion for FY2017 $55 mil ion for FY2018 $55 mil ion for FY2019 $62.5 mil ion for FY2020 $62.5 mil ion for FY2021 $362.5 mil ion requested for FY20226
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
None None
Description Description
SEP provides grants to states to design and carry out their own renewable SEP provides grants to states to design and carry out their own renewable energy and energy and
energy efficiency programs. energy efficiency programs.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
State and tribal governments, State and tribal governments, including U.S. territories including U.S. territories
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Emerging renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies Emerging renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies
For More Information For More Information
See EERE’s State Energy Program website; EERE’s State Energy Program Success See EERE’s State Energy Program website; EERE’s State Energy Program Success
StoriesStories website; and program number 81.041 at the website; and program number 81.041 at the ~~beta.~~SAM.gov website. SAM.gov website.
1816. Office of Indian Energy Assistance Programs (formerly the Tribal Energy
Program, TEP)
Administered Administered by by
Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs (IE) (IE)
Authority Authority
Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA; P.L. Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA; P.L. 94-163) 94-163)
Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA; P.L.Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA; P.L. 94-385) 94-385)
Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91) Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91)
Energy Tax Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-618) Energy Tax Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-618)
National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA; P.L. 95-619) National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA; P.L. 95-619)
Power Plant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-620) Power Plant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-620)
Energy Security Act (P.L. 96-294) Energy Security Act (P.L. 96-294)
National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 (P.L. 100-12) National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 (P.L. 100-12)
FederalFederal Energy Management ImprovementEnergy Management Improvement Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-615) Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-615)
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486)
~~Congressional Research Service~~

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~~Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs~~

Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140)
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)
~~Annual Funding~~
~~$7 million for FY2011~~
~~$10 million for FY2012~~
~~$9.4 million for FY2013~~
~~$8.3 million for FY20143~~
~~$14.7 million for FY20154~~
~~$13.2 million for FY2016~~
~~$13.5 million for FY20175~~
~~$15.7 million for FY2018~~
~~$13.2 million for FY2019~~
~~$17 million for FY2020~~
~~$4.5 million requested for FY2021~~
~~Scheduled Termination~~
~~None~~
~~Description~~
~~This program promotes tribal energy sufficiency, economic growth, and employment~~
~~on tribal lands through the development of renewable energy and energy efficiency~~
~~technologies. The program provides financial assistance, technical assistance,~~
~~education, and training to tribes for the evaluation and development of renewable~~
~~energy resources and energy efficiency measures. In FY2015, DOE transferred TEP~~
~~from the Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program (WIP) to the new Office of~~
~~Indian Energy Policy and Programs (IE).~~
~~Qualified Applicant(s)~~
~~Tribal governments~~
~~Qualified Technologies~~
~~Energy efficient technologies: clothes washers; refrigerators/freezers; water heaters;~~
~~lighting; lighting controls/sensors; chillers; furnaces; boilers; air conditioners;~~
~~programmable thermostats; energy management; systems/building controls;~~
~~caulking/weather-stripping; duct/air sealing; building insulation; windows; doors; siding;~~
~~roofs; comprehensive measures/whole building; and other energy efficiency~~
~~improvements may be eligible. Renewable energy technologies: passive solar space~~
~~heat; solar water heat; solar space heat; photovoltaics; wind; biomass; hydroelectric;~~
~~geothermal electric; geothermal heat pumps~~
~~For More Information~~
~~See the Office of Indian Energy Policy and Program’s website; National Renewable~~
~~Energy Laboratory’s (NREL’s) report: Tribal Energy Program – Assisting Tribes to~~
~~Realize Their Energy Visions; and DSIRE’s program summary for the Tribal Energy~~
~~Program.~~
~~Other DOE Offices/Cross-Cutting Programs~~
~~19. Advanced Research Projects Agency—Energy Financial Assistance Program~~
~~(ARPA-E)~~
~~Administered by~~
~~Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E)~~
~~Authority~~
~~Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91)~~
~~Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)~~
~~America COMPETES Act (P.L. 110-69), Section 5012~~
~~America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-358)~~

~~3 The Tribal Energy Program (TEP) was funded in FY2014 within the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable~~
~~Energy appropriation.~~
~~4 In 2015, TEP was transferred to the Office of Indian Energy (IE) and funding for FY2015 and FY2016 was provided~~
~~within the DOE Departmental Administration appropriation.~~
~~5 For FY2017, DOE requested funding for TEP as a separate appropriation from the Departmental Administrative~~
~~appropriation “to align the budget structure with IE’s mission and activities.”~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

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~~Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs~~

~~Annual Funding~~
~~$165.6 million for FY2011~~
~~$275 million for FY2012~~
~~$250.6 million for FY2013~~
~~$280 million for FY2014~~
~~$280 million for FY2015~~
~~$261.7 million for FY2016~~
~~$276.8 million for FY2017~~
~~$353.3 million for FY2018~~
~~$334.8 million for FY2019~~
~~$390 million for FY2020~~
~~$0 requested for FY20216~~
~~Scheduled~~
~~Passed in August 2007, the America COMPETES Act (P.L. 110-69) stipulated that,~~
~~Termination~~
~~“after ARPA-E has been in operation for four years, the Secretary of Energy shall~~
~~offer~~Energy Act of 2020 (Div. Z of Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-260), Title VIII, Sec. 8013 Annual Funding $10 mil ion for FY2012 $9.4 mil ion for FY2013 $8.3 mil ion for FY20147 $14.7 mil ion for FY20158 6 Within the FY2022 budget request for SEP, $62.5 million would be provided directly to SEP for allocations to the states and territories. T he remaining $300 million would be provided to “design and launch the Build Back Better Challenge grants program to support early action on clean energy deployment and incen tivize incubation of novel clean energy technology deployment approaches.” See Department of Energy, FY2022 Congressional Budget Request, volume 3, Part 1 (July 2021), p. 200. H.Rept. 117-98, however, lists SEP and the Build Back Better Challenge Grants program as two separate budget line items of $62.5 million and $300 million, respectively. 7 T he T ribal Energy Program (T EP) was funded in FY2014 within the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy appropriation. 8 In 2015, T EP was transferred to the Office of Indian Energy (IE) and funding for FY2015 and FY2016 was provided within the DOE Departmental Administration appropriation. Congressional Research Service 14 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs $13.2 mil ion for FY2016 $13.5 mil ion for FY20179 $15.7 mil ion for FY2018 $13.2 mil ion for FY2019 $17 mil ion for FY2020 $17 mil ion for FY2021 $116.5 mil ion requested for FY2022 Scheduled Termination None Description This program promotes tribal energy sufficiency, economic growth, and employment on tribal lands through the development of renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. The program provides financial assistance, technical assistance, education, and training to tribes for the evaluation and development of renewable energy resources and energy efficiency measures. In FY2015, DOE transferred TEP from the Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program (WIP) to the new Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs (IE). Qualified Applicant(s) Tribal governments Qualified Technologies Energy efficient technologies: clothes washers; refrigerators/freezers; water heaters; lighting; lighting controls/sensors; chil ers; furnaces; boilers; air conditioners; programmable thermostats; energy management; systems/building controls; caulking/weather-stripping; duct/air sealing; building insulation; windows; doors; siding; roofs; comprehensive measures/whole building; and other energy efficiency improvements may be eligible. Renewable energy technologies: passive solar space heat; solar water heat; solar space heat; photovoltaics; wind; biomass; hydroelectric; geothermal electric; geothermal heat pumps For More Information See the Office of Indian Energy Policy and Program’s website; the Office of Indian Energy Policy and Program’s Current Funding Opportunities; National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL’s) report: Tribal Energy Program – Assisting Tribes to Realize Their Energy Visions; DSIRE’s program summary for the Tribal Energy Program; and CRS In Focus IF11793, Indian Energy Programs at the Department of Energy, by Corrie E. Clark and Mark Holt. Other DOE Offices/Cross-Cutting Programs 17. Advanced Research Projects Agency—Energy Financial Assistance Program (ARPA-E) Administered by Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) Authority Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) America COMPETES Act (P.L. 110-69), Section 5012 America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-358) Energy Act of 2020 (Div. Z of Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-260), Title X, Sec. 10001 Annual Funding $275 mil ion for FY2012 $250.6 mil ion for FY2013 $280 mil ion for FY2014 $280 mil ion for FY2015 $261.7 mil ion for FY2016 $276.8 mil ion for FY2017 9 For FY2017, DOE requested funding for T EP as a separate appropriation from the Departmental Administrative appropriation “to align the budget structure with IE’s mission and activities.” Congressional Research Service 15 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs $353.3 mil ion for FY2018 $334.8 mil ion for FY2019 $390 mil ion for FY2020 $392 mil ion for FY2021 $463 mil ion requested for FY2022 Scheduled Authorized through FY2025. Passed in December 2020, the Energy Act of 2020 [P.L. Termination 116-260, 42 U.S.C. 16538(l)] also stipulates that “not later than 3 years after December 27, 2020, the Secretary [of Energy] is authorized to enter into a contract with the National Academy of Sciences to enter into a contract with the National Academy of Sciences ~~(NAS)~~ under under
which the National Academy which the National Academy ~~shall~~ shal conduct an evaluation of how conduct an evaluation of how ~~well ARPA-~~wel ARPA–E is E is
achieving achieving ~~its~~the goals and mission goals and mission of ARPA–E.” Furthermore,.” Furthermore, the evaluation may include “a recommendation ~~the evaluation should “include the~~
~~recommendation of the National Academy of Sciences~~ on whether ARPA-E should be on whether ARPA-E should be
~~continued or terminated.”~~
~~NAS published its assessment of ARPA-E in 2017 and did not recommend program~~
~~termination. Two key findings in the report state that “the projects ARPA-E has~~
~~funded support its statutory mission and goals” and “while six years is not long~~
~~enough to produce observable evidence of widespread deployment of funded~~
~~technologies, there are clear indications that ARPA-E is making progress toward its~~
~~statutory mission and goals.”~~
continued or terminated.” Description Description
This program This program ~~will~~ wil fund organizations that have proposed sophisticated energy fund organizations that have proposed sophisticated energy
technology R&D projectstechnology R&D projects that (1) translate scientificthat (1) translate scientific ~~discoveries~~ discoveries and cutting-edge and cutting-edge
inventions into technological innovations and (2) accelerate transformational inventions into technological innovations and (2) accelerate transformational
technological advances in areas that industry by itselftechnological advances in areas that industry by itself is not likelyis not likely to undertake to undertake
because of high technical or financial risk.because of high technical or financial risk. ~~Transformational~~ Transformational energy technologiesenergy technologies are are
those that have the potential to create new paradigms in how energy is produced, those that have the potential to create new paradigms in how energy is produced,
transmitted, used, or stored. transmitted, used, or stored.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
ARPA-E welcomes ARPA-E welcomes ~~submissions~~ submissions from any type of capable technology researchfrom any type of capable technology research and and
development entity. This includes, but is not limiteddevelopment entity. This includes, but is not limited to for-profit entities, academic to for-profit entities, academic
institutions, research foundations, not-for-profit entities,institutions, research foundations, not-for-profit entities, ~~collaborations,~~ col aborations, and and
consortia. Individuals are consortia. Individuals are ~~typically eligible~~ typical y eligible to apply for funding. However,to apply for funding. However, any ARPA-E any ARPA-E
award funding would need to be made to a business entity formedaward funding would need to be made to a business entity formed by the applicant, if by the applicant, if
selected for award negotiations. The lead organization that selected for award negotiations. The lead organization that ~~will~~ wil enter into the enter into the
agreement with ARPA-E must be a U.S. entity. agreement with ARPA-E must be a U.S. entity.
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies Transformational energy technologies Transformational energy technologies
For More Information For More Information
See ARPA-E’s Frequently Asked See ARPA-E’s Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) website; National Academy of Questions (FAQ) website; National Academy of
Sciences program evaluation: Sciences program evaluation: An Assessment of ARPA-E (2017); and program number (2017); and program number
81.135 at the 81.135 at the ~~beta.~~SAM.gov website. SAM.gov website.
2018. Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Research, Development
and Analysis Grant Program (Office of Electricity - OE)
Administered Administered by by
Office of Electricity (OE) Office of Electricity (OE)
Authority Authority
Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91) Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91)
Energy Security Act (P.L. 96-294) Energy Security Act (P.L. 96-294)
National Superconductivity and CompetitivenessNational Superconductivity and Competitiveness Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-697) ~~Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-697)~~

~~6 The FY2021 budget request proposes to eliminate ARPA-E while incorporating APRA-E’s approach to technology~~
~~development into the execution of applied energy office funding. The FY2021 budget requests no additional~~
~~appropriation for new ARPA-E competitive solicitations and requests the cancellation of $332 million of unobligated~~
~~balances.~~
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~~Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs~~

Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486)
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140)
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)
~~Annual Funding~~
~~$138.2 million for FY2011~~
~~$136.2 million for FY2012~~
~~$129.2 million for FY2013~~
~~$144.2 million for FY2014~~
~~$144.2 million for FY2015~~
~~$178 million for FY2016~~
~~$201.1 million for FY2017~~
~~$220 million for FY2018~~
~~$139 million for FY20197~~
~~$173 million for FY20208~~
~~$175.4 million requested for FY20219~~Energy Act of 2020 (Div. Z of Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-260), Title VIII, Sections 8001, 8003, 8004, and 8007 Annual Funding $136.2 mil ion for FY2012 $129.2 mil ion for FY2013 $144.2 mil ion for FY2014 $144.2 mil ion for FY2015 $178 mil ion for FY2016 $201.1 mil ion for FY2017 $220 mil ion for FY2018 Congressional Research Service 16 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs $139 mil ion for FY201910 $172 mil ion for FY202011 $193.7 mil ion for FY202112 $307 mil ion requested for FY202213
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
None None
Description Description
This grant program aims to develop cost-effective technology that enhances the This grant program aims to develop cost-effective technology that enhances the
reliability,reliability, flexibility,flexibility, efficiency, resiliency,efficiency, resiliency, affordability, and security of the electric affordability, and security of the electric
grid. grid.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
State, local, State, local, and tribal governments; universities;and tribal governments; universities; profit organizations; private profit organizations; private
nonprofit organizations; research organizations nonprofit organizations; research organizations
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Specific technologies not listed Specific technologies not listed
For More Information For More Information
See OE’s Technology Development See OE’s Technology Development website; and program number 81.122 at the website; and program number 81.122 at the
~~beta.~~SAM.gov website. SAM.gov website.
2119. Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP)
Administered Administered by by
EERE EERE
Authority Authority
Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA; P.L. Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA; P.L. 94-163) 94-163)
Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA; P.L.Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA; P.L. 94-385) 94-385)
Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91) Department of Energy Organization Act (P.L. 95-91)
National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA; P.L. 95-619) National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA; P.L. 95-619)
FederalFederal Energy Management ImprovementEnergy Management Improvement Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-615) Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-615)
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486)
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140)
~~Annual Funding~~
~~$30.4 million for FY2011~~
~~$29.9 million for FY2012~~
~~$28.3 million for FY2013~~
~~$28.2 million for FY2014~~
~~$27 million for FY2015~~
~~$27 million for FY2016~~
~~$27 million for FY2017~~

7Energy Act of 2020 (Div. Z of Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-260), Title I, Sec. 1012 Annual Funding $29.9 mil ion for FY2012 $28.3 mil ion for FY2013 $28.2 mil ion for FY2014 $27 mil ion for FY2015 $27 mil ion for FY2016 $27 mil ion for FY2017 $27 mil ion for FY2018 $30 mil ion for FY2019 $40 mil ion for FY2020 $40 mil ion for FY2021 $438 mil ion requested for FY2022 Scheduled Termination None Description FEMP assists federal agencies in developing and implementing cost-effective energy and water management and energy-related investment practices: (a) to coordinate 10 For FY2019, DOE split the Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability appropriation into two appropriations: For FY2019, DOE split the Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability appropriation into two appropriations:
Electricity Delivery (OE) and Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (CESER).Electricity Delivery (OE) and Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (CESER). ~~The~~ T he CESER CESER
appropriation for FY2019 was $108.5 million. appropriation for FY2019 was $108.5 million. ToT o compare to previous years, the combined appropriation for the now compare to previous years, the combined appropriation for the now
separated programs in FY2019 wouldseparated programs in FY2019 would be $247.5 million. be $247.5 million.
~~8 The~~11 T he CESER CESER appropriation for FY2020 is $143 million. appropriation for FY2020 is $143 million. ToT o compare to previous years, the combined appropriation for compare to previous years, the combined appropriation for
the now separated programs in FY2020 wouldthe now separated programs in FY2020 would ~~be $316 million.~~
~~9 DOE’s budget request for CESER~~ be $31 5 million. 12 T he CESER appropriation for FY2021 is $ for FY2021 is $~~173.1~~144 million. million. ToT o compare to previous years, the combined compare to previous years, the combined
appropriation request for FY2021 wouldappropriation request for FY2021 would ~~be $348.5 million.~~
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17

~~Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs~~

~~$27 million for FY2018~~
~~$30 million for FY2019~~
~~$40 million for FY2020~~
~~$8.4 million requested for FY2021~~
~~Scheduled Termination~~
~~None~~
~~Description~~
~~FEMP assists federal agencies in developing and implementing energy efficient and~~
~~renewable energy resources to meet energy management regulations and goals.~~
~~Qualified Applicant(s)~~
~~Federal~~ be $337.7 million. 13 DOE’s FY2022 budget request would transfer responsibility of R&D for energy sector cybersecurity to OE. OE’s appropriation request for FY2022 is $307 million and includes $25 million for the cyber R&D program. Congressional Research Service 17 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs and strengthen energy and water resilience; and (b) to promote environmental stewardship. Qualified Applicant(s) Federal agencies agencies
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Energy efficient technologies; solar; wind; incremental Energy efficient technologies; solar; wind; incremental hydro; ocean; biomass; hydro; ocean; biomass;
geothermal geothermal
For More Information For More Information
See EERE’s Federal Energy Management Program website; and FEMP’s Annual See EERE’s Federal Energy Management Program website; and FEMP’s Annual
Reports to Congress on FederalReports to Congress on Federal Government Energy Management. Government Energy Management.
~~22. Financial Assistance Program (Office of Science)~~20. Office of Science Financial Assistance Program
Administered Administered by by
Office of Science Office of Science
Authority Authority
Atomic Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (P.L. 83-703), Section 31 Energy Act of 1954 (P.L. 83-703), Section 31
Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-438), Title I, Section 107Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-438), Title I, Section 107
FederalFederal Nonnuclear Energy Research and DevelopmentNonnuclear Energy Research and Development Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-577) Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-577)
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)
Annual Annual ~~Funding~~
~~$1.3 billion for FY2011~~
~~$1 billion~~Funding14 $1 bil ion for FY2012 for FY2012
$965.1 $965.1 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2013for FY2013
$1.1 $1.1 ~~billion~~bil ion for FY2014 for FY2014
$1.1 $1.1 ~~billion~~bil ion for FY2015 for FY2015
$1.1 $1.1 ~~billion~~bil ion for FY2016 for FY2016
$1.1 $1.1 ~~billion~~bil ion for FY2017 for FY2017 ~~(est.)~~
$1.3 $1.3 ~~billion~~bil ion for FY2018 for FY2018 ~~(est.)~~
~~$1.2 billion for FY2019 (est.)~~
~~$1.2 billion for FY2020 (est.)~~
~~FY2021~~$1.2 bil ion for FY2019 $1.2 bil ion for FY2020 (est.) $1.2 bil ion for FY2021 (est.) FY2022 budget request data are unavailable; the budget request data are unavailable; the ~~FY2021~~FY2022 DOE budget justifications do not contain estimates regarding how much funding from the Office of Science are provided for grants. Scheduled Termination None Description The Office of Science’s (SC) mission is to deliver scientific discoveries and major scientific tools to transform our understanding of nature and advance the energy, economic, and national security of the United States. SC accomplishes its mission and advances national goals, in part, by supporting science for advanced and sustainable energy. SC supports a wide range of funding modalities from single principal investigators to large team-based activities to engage in fundamental research on energy production, conversion, storage, transmission, and use. Qualified Applicant(s) State, local, and tribal governments; col eges and universities; ~~DOE budget justifications do~~
~~not provide details on this program.~~
~~Scheduled Termination~~
~~None~~
~~Description~~
~~This program provides financial support for fundamental research in the basic sciences~~
~~and advanced technology concepts and assessments in fields related to energy.~~
~~Qualified Applicant(s)~~
~~State, local, and tribal governments; colleges and universities;~~ profit commercial profit commercial
organizations; private nonprofit organizations; public nonprofit organizations; organizations; private nonprofit organizations; public nonprofit organizations; ~~small~~
smal businesses businesses
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Specific advanced technologies not listed Specific advanced technologies not listed
For More Information For More Information
See program number 81.049 at the See program number 81.049 at the ~~beta.~~SAM.gov website; and the Office of Science’s SAM.gov website; and the Office of Science’s
Funding Opportunities website. Funding Opportunities website.
2321. Loan Guarantee Program (Loan Programs Office)
Administered Administered by by
Loan Programs Loan Programs Office Office
Authority Authority
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58), Title XVII Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58), Title XVII
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)
Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (P.L. 111-8) Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (P.L. 111-8)
~~Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011 (P.L. 112-~~
~~10)~~
~~Annual Funding~~
~~Section 1703 Innovative Technology Loan Guarantee Program (permanent)~~
~~$169.6 million for FY2011~~ 14 Funding source: the Assistance Listings. T he obligations for financial assistance do not include all funding for Office of Science programs.
Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service

18 18

Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs

~~$0 for FY2012~~
~~$0 for FY2013~~
~~$7.9 million for FY201410~~
~~$17 million for FY201511~~
~~$17 million for FY201612~~
~~$139,000 for FY201713~~
~~$30.9 million for FY201814~~
~~$12.3 million for FY201915~~
~~$29 million for FY202016~~
~~$0 requested for FY202117~~

~~Section 1705 Temporary Loan Guarantee Program~~
~~$0 for FY2008~~
~~$6 billion was appropriated for FY2009. However, $2 billion of that funding was~~
~~transferred to the “cash for clunkers” automobile trade-in program by P.L. 111-47.18~~
~~An additional $1.5 billion was rescinded for the Education Jobs and Medicaid~~
~~Assistance Act, P.L. 111-226 (Section 308), leaving a total of $2.5 billion remaining~~
~~from the FY2009 appropriations.~~
~~$0 for FY2010-FY2019~~
~~$0 requested for FY202019~~
~~Scheduled Termination~~
~~None for the permanent (Section 1703) loan guarantee program. Projects authorized~~
~~by the temporary loan guarantee (Section 1705) had to begin construction no later~~
~~than September 30, 2011. The Loan Programs Office (LPO) continues to administer~~
~~and monitor loan guarantees for Section 1705 projects.~~
~~Description~~
~~This program provides federal loan guarantees to encourage early commercial use in~~
~~the United States of new or significantly improved technologies in energy projects that~~
~~(1) avoid, reduce, or sequester air pollutants or anthropogenic emissions of~~
~~greenhouse gases; and (2) employ new or significantly improved technologies as~~
~~compared to commercial technologies in service in the United States at the time the~~

~~10 For FY2014, $42 million was enacted for administrative purposes only, but these expenses were offset by $34.1~~
~~million in collections from borrowers for a net appropriation of $7.9 million.~~
~~11 For FY2015, $42 million was enacted for administrative expenses. These administrative expenses were offset by $25~~
~~million in collections from borrowers for a net appropriation of $17 million.~~
~~12 For FY2016, $42 million was enacted for administrative expenses. These administrative expenses were offset by $25~~
~~million in collections from borrowers for a net appropriation of $17 million.~~
~~13 For FY2017, $37 million was enacted for administrative expenses. These administrative expenses were reduced by~~
~~(1) an offset of $27 million in collections from applicants and borrowers and (2) a rescission of an additional $9.861~~
~~million of administrative appropriations from FY2012 and FY2013 (P.L. 115-31) for a net appropriation of $139,000.~~
~~14 For FY2018, $33 million was enacted for administrative purposes. These administrative expenses were reduced by~~
~~an offset of $2.1 million in collections from applicants and borrowers for a net appropriation of $30.9 million.~~
~~15 For FY2019, $33 million was enacted for administrative expenses. These administrative expenses were reduced by~~
~~$20.7 million in collections from applicants and borrowers for a net appropriation of $12.3 million.~~
~~16 For FY2020, $32 million was enacted for administrative expenses. These administrative expenses were reduced by~~
~~$3 million in collections from applicants and borrowers for a net appropriation of $29 million.~~
~~17 For FY2021, $3 million is requested for administrative expenses. These administrative expenses are expected to be~~
~~offset by an estimated $3 million for a net appropriation of $0. The FY2021 budget requests also proposes to cancel an~~
~~FY2011 loan subsidy appropriation of $160.7 million for the Section 1703 loan guarantee program along with $489~~
~~million in remaining, emergency designated, unobligated credit subsidy balances appropriated by the American~~
~~Reinvestment and Recovery Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5).~~
~~18 For more information, see CRS Report R40669, Energy and Water Development: FY2010 Appropriations,~~
~~coordinated by Carl E. Behrens.~~
~~19 The authority to enter into new loan guarantees under Section 1705 expired on September 30, 2011, but LPO~~
~~continues to administer and monitor the portfolio of loan guarantees obligated prior to the expiration date.~~
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~~Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs~~

~~guarantee is issued. Temporary loan guarantees were also made under Section 1705~~
~~for rapid deployment of certain renewable and electric transmission projects up~~
~~through September 30, 2011.~~
~~Qualified Applicant(s)~~
~~State, local, and tribal governments; universities; profit organizations; public nonprofit~~
~~organizations. No federal entity may apply.~~
~~Qualified Technologies~~
~~Solar thermal electric; solar thermal process heat; photovoltaics; wind; hydroelectric;~~
~~renewable transportation fuels; geothermal electric; fuel cells; manufacturing facilities;~~
~~daylighting; tidal energy; wave energy; ocean thermal; biodiesel~~
~~For More Information~~
~~See program number 81.126 at the beta.SAM.gov website; DSIRE’s program summary~~
~~for the Loan Guarantee Program; DOE’s~~ Department of Defense and Ful -Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011 (P.L. 112-10) Energy Act of 2020 (Div. Z of Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-260), Title IX, Sec. 9010 Annual Funding Section 1703 Innovative Technology Loan Guarantee Program (permanent) $0 for FY2012 $0 for FY2013 $7.9 mil ion for FY201415 $17 mil ion for FY201516 $17 mil ion for FY201617 $139,000 for FY201718 $30.9 mil ion for FY201819 $12.3 mil ion for FY201920 $29 mil ion for FY202021 $29 mil ion for FY202122 $179 mil ion requested for FY202223 Section 1705 Temporary Loan Guarantee Program $0 for FY2008 $6 bil ion was appropriated for FY2009. However, $2 bil ion of that funding was transferred to the “cash for clunkers” automobile trade-in program by P.L. 111-47.24 An additional $1.5 bil ion was rescinded for the Education Jobs and Medicaid Assistance Act, P.L. 111-226 (Section 308), leaving a total of $2.5 bil ion remaining from the FY2009 appropriations. $0 for FY2012-FY2021 $0 requested for FY202225 15 For FY2014, $42 million was enacted for administrative purposes only, but these expenses were offset by $34.1 million in collections from borrowers for a net appropriation of $7.9 million. 16 For FY2015, $42 million was enacted for administrative expenses. T hese administrative expenses were offset by $25 million in collections from borrowers for a net appropriation of $17 million. 17 For FY2016, $42 million was enacted for administrative expenses. T hese administrative expenses were offset by $25 million in collections from borrowers for a net appropriation of $17 million. 18 For FY2017, $37 million was enacted for administrative expenses. T hese administrative expenses were reduced by (1) an offset of $27 million in collections from applicants and borrowers and (2) a rescission of an additional $9.861 million of administrative appropriations from FY2012 and FY2013 (P.L. 115-31) for a net appropriation of $139,000. 19 For FY2018, $33 million was enacted for administrative purposes. T hese administrative expenses were reduced by an offset of $2.1 million in collections from applicants and borrowers for a net appropriation of $30.9 million. 20 For FY2019, $33 million was enacted for administrative expenses. T hese administrative expenses were reduced by $20.7 million in collections from applicants and borrowers for a net appropriation of $12.3 million . 21 For FY2020, $32 million was enacted for administrative expenses. T hese administrative expenses were reduced by $3 million in collections from applicants and borrowers for a net appropriation of $29 million. 22 For FY2021, $32 million was enacted for administrative expenses. T hese administrative expenses are expected to be offset by $3 million for a net appropriation of $29 million. 23 For FY2022, $179 million was requested, which includes $150 million for credit subsidy costs associated with an additional $1.5 billion of guaranteed loan authority and $32 million for administrative expenses. T hese expenses would be reduced by an estimated $3 million in collections from applicants and borrowers for a net appropriation budget request of $179 million. 24 For more information, see CRS Report R40669, Energy and Water Development: FY2010 Appropriations, coordinated by Carl E. Behrens. 25 T he authority to enter into new loan guarantees under Section 1705 expired on September 30, 2011, but LPO continues to administer and monitor the portfolio of loan guarantees obligated prior to the expiration date. Congressional Research Service 19 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs Scheduled Termination None for the permanent (Section 1703) loan guarantee program. Projects authorized by the temporary loan guarantee (Section 1705) had to begin construction no later than September 30, 2011. The Loan Programs Office (LPO) continues to administer and monitor loan guarantees for Section 1705 projects. Description This program provides federal loan guarantees to encourage early commercial use in the United States of new or significantly improved technologies in energy projects that (1) avoid, reduce, or sequester air pol utants or anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases; and (2) employ new or significantly improved technologies as compared to commercial technologies in service in the United States at the time the guarantee is issued. Temporary loan guarantees were also made under Section 1705 for rapid deployment of certain renewable and electric transmission projects up through September 30, 2011. Qualified Applicant(s) State, local, and tribal governments; universities; profit organizations; public nonprofit organizations. No federal entity may apply. Qualified Technologies Solar thermal electric; solar thermal process heat; photovoltaics; wind; hydroelectric; renewable transportation fuels; geothermal electric; fuel cel s; manufacturing facilities; daylighting; tidal energy; wave energy; ocean thermal; biodiesel For More Information See program number 81.126 at the SAM.gov website; DSIRE’s program summary for the Loan Guarantee Program; DOE’s Loan Guarantee Program website; and CRS Loan Guarantee Program website; and CRS
Insight IN11432, Insight IN11432, Department of Energy Loan Programs: Title XVII Innovative Technology
Loan Guarantees, ~~by Philip Brown, Mark Holt, Corrie Clark, and Raj Gnanarajah.~~
~~24. Small~~ by Phil ip Brown et al.. 22. Small Business Innovation Research Program (SBIR)/Small Business
Technology Transfer Program (STTR)
Administered Administered by by
EERE EERE
Authority Authority
~~Small~~ Smal Business Innovation DevelopmentBusiness Innovation Development Act of 1982 (P.L. 97-219) Act of 1982 (P.L. 97-219)
~~Small~~ Smal Business Research and DevelopmentBusiness Research and Development Enhancement Act of 1992 (P.L. 102-564) Enhancement Act of 1992 (P.L. 102-564)
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2001 (P.L. 106-554), Appendix I, Title I (Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2001 (P.L. 106-554), Appendix I, Title I (~~Small~~
Smal BusinessBusiness Innovation Research Program Reauthorization Act of 2000) Innovation Research Program Reauthorization Act of 2000)
~~Small~~ Smal Business Technology Transfer Program Reauthorization Act of 2001 (P.L. 107-Business Technology Transfer Program Reauthorization Act of 2001 (P.L. 107-
50) 50)
SBIR/STTR Reauthorization Act of 2011 (P.L. 112-81, Div. E, Title L) SBIR/STTR Reauthorization Act of 2011 (P.L. 112-81, Div. E, Title L)
National DefenseNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (P.L. 114-328), Div.A, Title Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (P.L. 114-328), Div.A, Title
XVIII, Section 1834 XVIII, Section 1834
Annual Annual ~~Funding20~~
~~$24.2 million for FY2011~~
~~$29.1 million for FY2012~~
~~$26.4 million~~ Funding26 $29.1 mil ion for FY2012 $26.4 mil ion for FY2013 (SBIR: $23.4 for FY2013 (SBIR: $23.4 ~~million;~~ mil ion; STTR: $3 STTR: $3 ~~million)~~
~~$30.8 million~~ mil ion) $30.8 mil ion for FY2014 (SBIR: $27.4 for FY2014 (SBIR: $27.4 ~~million;~~ mil ion; STTR: $3.4 STTR: $3.4 ~~million~~mil ion) )
$28.4 $28.4 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2015 (SBIR: $25.1 for FY2015 (SBIR: $25.1 ~~million;~~ mil ion; STTR: $3.3 STTR: $3.3 ~~million~~mil ion) )
$30.2 $30.2 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2016 (SBIR: $26.3 for FY2016 (SBIR: $26.3 ~~million;~~ mil ion; STTR: $3.9 STTR: $3.9 ~~million)~~
~~$45.2 million~~ mil ion) $45.2 mil ion for FY2017 (SBIR: $38.9 for FY2017 (SBIR: $38.9 ~~million;~~ mil ion; STTR: $6.3 STTR: $6.3 ~~million~~mil ion) )
$58.2 $58.2 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2018 (SBIR: $51 for FY2018 (SBIR: $51 ~~million;~~ mil ion; STTR: $7.2 STTR: $7.2 ~~million~~mil ion) )
$58.9 $58.9 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2019 (SBIR: $51.5 for FY2019 (SBIR: $51.5 ~~million;~~ mil ion; STTR: $7.4 STTR: $7.4 ~~million)~~
~~$67.9 million~~ mil ion) $78.33 mil ion for FY2020 (SBIR: $for FY2020 (SBIR: $~~59.5 million; STTR: $8.4 million)~~
~~$16.5 million requested for FY2021 (SBIR: $14.5 million; STTR: $2 million)~~
66.76 mil ion; STTR: $11.57 mil ion) $65.78 mil ion for FY2021 (SBIR: $57.67 mil ion; STTR: $8.11 mil ion) $96.14 mil ion requested for FY2022 (SBIR: $84.29 mil ion; STTR: $11.85 mil ion) Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (P.L. 114-328, Division The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (P.L. 114-328, Division
A, Title XVIII, Section 1834) reauthorized SBIR and STTR through FY2022. A, Title XVIII, Section 1834) reauthorized SBIR and STTR through FY2022.
Description Description
~~Small~~ Smal Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and ~~Small~~ Smal Business Technology Transfers Business Technology Transfers
(STTR) are U.S. government programs in which federal(STTR) are U.S. government programs in which federal agencies with largeagencies with large research research
~~and development (R&D) budgets set aside a small fraction of their funding for~~
~~competitions among small businesses only. DOE’s SBIR-STTR program is designed to~~
~~stimulate technological innovation by small~~ 26 Annual funding listed for the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business T echnology T ransfers (ST T R) programs includes only those funds distributed to DOE’s energy efficiency and renewable energy programs. Congressional Research Service 20 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs and development (R&D) budgets set aside a smal fraction of their funding for competitions among smal businesses only. DOE’s SBIR-STTR program is designed to stimulate technological innovation by smal advanced technology firms and provide advanced technology firms and provide
new, cost-effective scientific and engineering solutions to new, cost-effective scientific and engineering solutions to ~~challenging~~chal enging problems. problems. EERE EERE
funds appropriated for SBIR/STTR are funds appropriated for SBIR/STTR are ~~allocated~~al ocated to larger to larger EERE technology programs, EERE technology programs,
detailed earlierdetailed earlier in this report, including Biomass,in this report, including Biomass, Geothermal,Geothermal, Hydrogen & Fuel Hydrogen & Fuel ~~Cell~~Cel , ,
Solar Energy, Water Power, Wind Energy, Advanced Manufacturing, Building Solar Energy, Water Power, Wind Energy, Advanced Manufacturing, Building
Technologies,Technologies, and Vehicle Technologies. and Vehicle Technologies.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
~~Small businesses~~

~~20 Annual funding listed for the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfers~~
~~(STTR) programs includes only those funds distributed to DOE’s energy efficiency and renewable energy programs.~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

20

~~Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs~~

Smal businesses Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Research areas include energy production (fossil, nuclear, renewable, Research areas include energy production (fossil, nuclear, renewable, and fusion and fusion
energy); energy use (in buildings, vehicles,energy); energy use (in buildings, vehicles, and industry); fundamental energy sciences and industry); fundamental energy sciences
(materials,(materials, life,life, environmental,environmental, and computational sciences,and computational sciences, and nuclear and high and nuclear and high
energy physics); environmentalenergy physics); environmental management; and nuclear nonproliferation management; and nuclear nonproliferation
For More Information For More Information
See EERE’s See EERE’s ~~Small Business~~ Smal Business Innovation Research/Innovation Research/~~Small~~ Smal Business Technology Transfers Business Technology Transfers
(SBIR/STTR) website; and program number 10.212 (SBIR) at the (SBIR/STTR) website; and program number 10.212 (SBIR) at the ~~beta.~~SAM.gov SAM.gov
website. website.
2523. Tribal Energy Loan Guarantee Program (Loan Programs Office)
Administered Administered by by
Loan Program Loan Program Office Office
Authority Authority
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486)
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58), Title V, Section 503(a) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58), Title V, Section 503(a)
Indian Tribal Energy DevelopmentIndian Tribal Energy Development and Self-Determinationand Self-Determination Act AmendmentsAct Amendments of 2017 of 2017
(P.L. 115-325), Title I, Section 101(c) (P.L. 115-325), Title I, Section 101(c)
Annual Funding Annual Funding
$9 $9 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2017for FY2017
$8.939 $8.939 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2018for FY2018
~~$1 million~~ $1 mil ion for FY2019 for FY2019
$2 $2 ~~million for FY2020~~
$0 mil ion for FY2021 $2 mil ion requested for requested for ~~FY202121~~FY2022
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
None. However, None. However, in FY2021, LPO has proposed to terminate the Tribal Energy Loan in FY2021, LPO has proposed to terminate the Tribal Energy Loan
Guarantee Program. Guarantee Program.
Description Description
This is a partial loan guarantee program that can guarantee up to This is a partial loan guarantee program that can guarantee up to ~~$2 billion~~ $2 bil ion in loans to in loans to
support economic opportunities to tribes through energy development projectssupport economic opportunities to tribes through energy development projects and and
activities. activities.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Tribal government; members Tribal government; members of eligibleof eligible Tribes,Tribes, including eligibleincluding eligible joint ventures or joint ventures or
authorized corporate entities authorized corporate entities
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
A broad range of energy-related projects A broad range of energy-related projects can be supported, including, but not limited can be supported, including, but not limited
to solar,to solar, wind, geothermal,wind, geothermal, hydropower, electrichydropower, electric ~~transmission~~ transmission infrastructure, and infrastructure, and
energy storage. energy storage.
For More Information For More Information
See LPO’s Tribal Energy Loan Guarantee Program website; CRS Insight IN11452, See LPO’s Tribal Energy Loan Guarantee Program website; CRS Insight IN11452,
DepartmentDepartment of Energy Loan Programs:of Energy Loan Programs: Tribal Energy Loan GuaranteeTribal Energy Loan Guarantee, , by Corrieby Corrie E. E.
Clark Clark et al.; and CRS In Focus IF11793, Indian Energy Programs at the Department of Energy, by Corrie E. Clark and Mark Holt~~et al~~. .
II. Department of Agriculture
1. Assistance to High Energy Cost Rural ~~Communities~~ Communities Program
Administered Administered by by
Rural Development Rural Development
Authority Authority
Rural Electrification Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (P.L. 74-605)Act of 1936 (P.L. 74-605)
Grain Standards and Warehouse ImprovementGrain Standards and Warehouse Improvement Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-472) Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-472)
Annual Funding Annual Funding
$12.0 $12.0 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2011for FY2011
$9.5 $9.5 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2012 for FY2012
$9.2 $9.2 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2013~~for FY2013~~
~~$10 million for FY2014~~
~~$10 million for FY2015~~
~~$10 million for FY2016~~
~~$10 million for FY2017~~

~~21 The FY2021 budget request proposes to eliminate the Tribal Energy Loan Guarantee Program and to cancel the~~
~~$8,500,000 in unobligated balances appropriated by the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2017 (P.L. 115-31) for the~~
~~cost of loan guarantees. See DOE’S FY2021 Congressional Budget Request, vol. 3, part 2, p. 404.~~
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~~$10 million for FY2018~~
~~$10 million for FY2019~~
~~$10 million for FY2020~~
~~No funds requested for FY2021~~ $10 mil ion for FY2014 $10 mil ion for FY2015 $10 mil ion for FY2016 $10 mil ion for FY2017 $10 mil ion for FY2018 $10 mil ion for FY2019 $10 mil ion for FY2020 $10 mil ion for FY2021 $10 mil ion requested for FY2022
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
None None
Description Description
This program provides This program provides financial assistance to rural communitiesfinancial assistance to rural communities with extremelywith extremely high high
energy costs (exceeding 275% of the national average). energy costs (exceeding 275% of the national average).
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
State, local, State, local, and tribal governments (including U.S. territories);and tribal governments (including U.S. territories); for-profit businesses; for-profit businesses;
nonprofit businesses; cooperatives; individuals nonprofit businesses; cooperatives; individuals
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Not Not ~~specifically~~ specifical y identified identified
For More Information For More Information
See USDA’s See USDA’s High Energy Cost Grants website; DSIRE’s programHigh Energy Cost Grants website; DSIRE’s program summary for the summary for the
High Energy Cost Grant Program; and program number 10.859 on the High Energy Cost Grant Program; and program number 10.859 on the
~~beta.~~SAM.gov website. SAM.gov website.
2. Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels
Administered Administered by by
Rural Development Rural Development
Authority Authority
Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title IX, Section 9005 Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title IX, Section 9005
Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79) Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79)
AgricultureAgriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334) Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334)
Annual Funding Annual Funding 
Mandatory: The 2018 farm Mandatory: The 2018 farm ~~bill~~ bil (P.L. 115-334) authorized mandatory funding of (P.L. 115-334) authorized mandatory funding of $7 mil ion annual y$7
~~million annually~~ for FY2019-FY2023 to remain available until expended. $7 for FY2019-FY2023 to remain available until expended. $7 ~~million~~
~~was appropriated for FY2019 and FY2020.~~
~~Discretionary: The 2018 farm bill authorized discretionary funding of $20 million~~
~~annually~~mil ion was appropriated annual y for FY2019, FY2020,27 and FY2021.  Discretionary: The 2018 farm bil authorized discretionary funding of $20 mil ion annual y for FY2019-FY2023. No discretionary for FY2019-FY2023. No discretionary funding was appropriated for funding was appropriated for
~~FY2019 or FY2020.~~
FY2019, FY2020 or FY2021. Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
Mandatory funding authorized through FY2023. Mandatory funding authorized through FY2023.
Description Description
The 2008 farm The 2008 farm ~~bill~~ bil established a new Bioenergy Programestablished a new Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuelsfor Advanced Biofuels to to
support and expand production of advanced biofuels—that is,support and expand production of advanced biofuels—that is, fuel derived from fuel derived from
renewable biomassrenewable biomass other than corn kernelother than corn kernel starch—under which USDA would starch—under which USDA would
enter into contracts with advanced biofuel producers to pay them for production enter into contracts with advanced biofuel producers to pay them for production
of eligibleof eligible advanced biofuels.advanced biofuels. The policy goal is to create long-term, sustained The policy goal is to create long-term, sustained
~~increases~~ increases in advanced biofuels production.in advanced biofuels production.2228 Payments are of two types: one based Payments are of two types: one based
on actual production, and a second based on incrementalon actual production, and a second based on incremental production increases. production increases.
Not moreNot more than 5% of the funds in any year can go to facilitiesthan 5% of the funds in any year can go to facilities with total refining with total refining
capacity exceeding 150 capacity exceeding 150 ~~million gallons~~mil ion gal ons per year (7 C.F.R. Part 4288, Subpart B). per year (7 C.F.R. Part 4288, Subpart B).
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Eligible advanced biofuels Eligible advanced biofuels producers producers
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Payments Payments ~~will~~ wil be made to eligiblebe made to eligible advanced biofuel producers for the production of advanced biofuel producers for the production of
fuel derivedfuel derived from renewable biomass,from renewable biomass, other than corn kernelother than corn kernel starch, to include starch, to include
biofuel derived from biofuel derived from ~~cellulose, hemicellulose,~~ cel ulose, hemicel ulose, or lignin; biofuel derived from sugar or lignin; biofuel derived from sugar
and starch (other than ethanol derivedand starch (other than ethanol derived from corn kernelfrom corn kernel starch); biofuel derived 27 In the FY2022 Budget Appendix, USDA notes a transfer of an additional $100 million from the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) in FY2020 for $107 million total available f unding for that fiscal year, likely reflecting the availability of carryover funding. See the Appendix volume for FY2022 Budget of the United States Governm ent, p.133. 28 For more program information, see the “Advanced Biofuel Payment Program,” RD, USDA at https://www.rd.usda.gov/programs-services/advanced-biofuel-payment -program. Congressional Research Service 22 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs ~~starch); biofuel derived~~
from waste material,from waste material, including crop residue,including crop residue, other vegetative waste material,other vegetative waste material, animal animal
waste, food waste, and yard waste; diesel-equivalentwaste, food waste, and yard waste; diesel-equivalent fuel derivedfuel derived from renewable from renewable
biomass,biomass, including vegetable oil and animal fat; biogas (including including vegetable oil and animal fat; biogas (including ~~landfill~~ landfil gas and gas and
sewage waste treatment gas) produced through the conversion of organic matter sewage waste treatment gas) produced through the conversion of organic matter
from renewablefrom renewable biomass; butanol or other alcohols produced through the biomass; butanol or other alcohols produced through the
conversion of organic matter from renewable biomass;conversion of organic matter from renewable biomass; and other fuel derived from and other fuel derived from
~~cellulosic~~ cel ulosic biomass biomass
For More Information For More Information
See program number 10.867 on the See program number 10.867 on the ~~beta.~~SAM.gov website; USDA program SAM.gov website; USDA program
website; CRS In Focus IF10288, website; CRS In Focus IF10288, Overview of ~~Bioenergy Programs in the 2018 Farm Bill,~~

~~22 For more program information, see the “Advanced Biofuel Payment Program,” RD, USDA at~~
~~https://www.rd.usda.gov/programs-services/advanced-biofuel-payment-program.~~
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the 2018 Farm Bil Energy Title Programs, by Kelsi Bracmort; and CRS Report R45943, by Kelsi Bracmort; and CRS Report R45943, The Farm ~~Bill~~ Bil Energy Title: An Overview
and Funding History, by Kelsi, by Kelsi Bracmort.Bracmort.
3. Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP)
Administered Administered by by
Farm Services Farm Services Agency (FSA) Agency (FSA)
Authority Authority
Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (FSRIA; P.L. 107-171), Title IX Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (FSRIA; P.L. 107-171), Title IX
Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title IX, Section 9001 Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title IX, Section 9001
created new Section 9011 under FSIRAcreated new Section 9011 under FSIRA
Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79), Section 9010Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79), Section 9010
AgricultureAgriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334) Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334)
Annual Funding Annual Funding
•  Mandatory: The 2018 farm Mandatory: The 2018 farm ~~bill~~ bil did not authorize any mandatory annual funding for did not authorize any mandatory annual funding for
FY2019-FY2023. Previously, the 2014 farm FY2019-FY2023. Previously, the 2014 farm ~~bill~~ bil authorized mandatory funding authorized mandatory funding of $25 mil ion annual y~~of $25~~
~~million annually~~ from FY2014 through FY2018. The FY2015, FY2016, and FY2017 from FY2014 through FY2018. The FY2015, FY2016, and FY2017
appropriation acts (P.L. 113-235, P.L. 114-113, and P.L. 115-31, respectively)appropriation acts (P.L. 113-235, P.L. 114-113, and P.L. 115-31, respectively) ~~limited~~
limited mandatory funding to $23 mandatory funding to $23 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2015, $3 in FY2015, $3 ~~million in~~ mil ion in FY2016, and $3 FY2016, and $3 ~~million~~ mil ion for for
FY2017. The FY2018 appropriations act provided no mandatory funding for BCAP.FY2017. The FY2018 appropriations act provided no mandatory funding for BCAP.
•  Discretionary:Discretionary: The 2018 farm The 2018 farm ~~bill~~ bil authorized $25 authorized $25 ~~million~~ mil ion in annual discretionary in annual discretionary
funding for BCAP for FY2019-FY2023. No funding was appropriated for FY2019funding for BCAP for FY2019-FY2023. No funding was appropriated for FY2019 or
~~FY2020.~~
, FY2020, or FY2021. Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
Funding authorized through FY2023. Funding authorized through FY2023.
Description Description
BCAP provides assistance to support the production of eligible BCAP provides assistance to support the production of eligible biomass cropsbiomass crops on land on land
within approved BCAP project areas. In exchange for growing eligiblewithin approved BCAP project areas. In exchange for growing eligible crops, the FSA crops, the FSA
~~will~~ wil provide annual payments through 5- to 15-year contracts. Under these contracts provide annual payments through 5- to 15-year contracts. Under these contracts
up to 50% of establishment costs may also be provided. FSA up to 50% of establishment costs may also be provided. FSA ~~will~~ wil also provide also provide
matching payments to eligiblematching payments to eligible ~~material~~ material owners at a rate of $1 for each $1 per dry ton owners at a rate of $1 for each $1 per dry ton
paid by a qualified biomass conversionpaid by a qualified biomass conversion facility. Matching payments may not exceed facility. Matching payments may not exceed
$20 per ton and are limited$20 per ton and are limited to no moreto no more than two years per participant. than two years per participant.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Eligible biomass Eligible biomass ~~material~~ material owners and eligibleowners and eligible biomass producers biomass producers
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Eligible material Eligible material for a matching payment is renewable biomass,for a matching payment is renewable biomass, as defined by the 2014 as defined by the 2014
farm farm ~~bill~~bil , with several important exclusions including harvested grains, fiber,, with several important exclusions including harvested grains, fiber, or other or other
commoditiescommodities ~~eligible~~ eligible to receiveto receive payments under the Commoditypayments under the Commodity Title (Title I) of the Title (Title I) of the
2014 farm 2014 farm ~~bill.~~ bil . (The residues(The residues of these commodities,of these commodities, however, are eligiblehowever, are eligible and may and may
qualify for payment.) Alsoqualify for payment.) Also excluded are animal waste and animal waste by-products excluded are animal waste and animal waste by-products
including fats, oils,including fats, oils, greases,greases, and manure; food waste and yard waste; and bagasse. and manure; food waste and yard waste; and bagasse.
Eligible crops include renewableEligible crops include renewable biomass,biomass, with the exception of crops eligiblewith the exception of crops eligible to to
receivereceive a payment under Title I of the 2014 farm a payment under Title I of the 2014 farm ~~bill~~ bil and plants that are invasive or and plants that are invasive or
noxious, or have the potential to becomenoxious, or have the potential to become invasive or noxious. invasive or noxious.
For More Information For More Information
See the USDA BCAP website; CRS Report R41296, Biomass Crop Assistance See the USDA BCAP website; CRS Report R41296, Biomass Crop Assistance
Program (BCAP): Status and Issues, by Mark A. McMinimy; CRS In Focus IF10288, Program (BCAP): Status and Issues, by Mark A. McMinimy; CRS In Focus IF10288,
Overview of ~~Bioenergy Programs in~~ the 2018 Farm ~~Bill,~~ ~~by Kelsi Bracmort;~~ Bil Energy Title Programs, by Kelsi Bracmort; and CRS and CRS
Report R45943, Report R45943, The Farm ~~Bill~~ Bil Energy Title: An Overview and Funding History, by Kelsi, by Kelsi
Bracmort.Bracmort.
4. Biomass Research and Development Initiative (BRDI)
Administered Administered by by
National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA)/EERE (DOE) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA)/EERE (DOE)
Congressional Research Service 23 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs Authority Biomass ~~Authority~~
~~Biomass~~ Research and DevelopmentResearch and Development Act of 2000 (BRDA; P.L. 106-224), Title III Act of 2000 (BRDA; P.L. 106-224), Title III
Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (FSRIA; P.L. 107-171), Title IX, Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (FSRIA; P.L. 107-171), Title IX,
Section 9008 Section 9008
Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title IX, Section 9008 Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title IX, Section 9008
Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79), Section 9010 Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79), Section 9010
AgricultureAgriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334), Title VII, Section 7507 Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334), Title VII, Section 7507
Annual Funding Annual Funding
•  Mandatory: Under the 2014 farm Mandatory: Under the 2014 farm ~~bill,~~ bil , mandatory funds of $3 mandatory funds of $3 ~~million~~ mil ion were were
authorized for FY2014 through FY2017 to remainauthorized for FY2014 through FY2017 to remain available until expended. No available until expended. No
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~~Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs~~

~~mandatory funds were~~ mandatory funds were authorized or appropriated for FY2018. The 2018 farm authorized or appropriated for FY2018. The 2018 farm ~~bill~~ bil did did
not extend mandatory funding for BRDI.not extend mandatory funding for BRDI.
•  Discretionary:Discretionary: The 2018 farm The 2018 farm ~~bill~~ bil authorized $20 authorized $20 ~~million~~ mil ion in annual appropriations for in annual appropriations for
FY2019-FY2023. No discretionaryFY2019-FY2023. No discretionary funding has been appropriated through funding has been appropriated through ~~FY2020.~~
FY2021, and there is no budget request for FY2022. Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
Funding authorized through FY2023. Funding authorized through FY2023.
Description Description
BRDI is an interagency BRDI is an interagency ~~collaboration~~col aboration program program between USDA’sbetween USDA’s National Institute of National Institute of
BioenergyBioenergy (Institute of Bioenergy,(Institute of Bioenergy, Climate,Climate, and Environment) and DOE’s Office of and Environment) and DOE’s Office of
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (Bioenergy TechnologiesEnergy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (Bioenergy Technologies Program). The Program). The
program provides competitiveprogram provides competitive grants, contracts, and financial assistance for research, grants, contracts, and financial assistance for research,
development,development, and demonstration of technologiesand demonstration of technologies and processesand processes for biofuels and for biofuels and
biobased products. biobased products.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
~~Colleges~~ Col eges and universitiesand universities (including 1862, 1890, and 1994 Land-Grant (including 1862, 1890, and 1994 Land-Grant ~~Colleges~~ Col eges and and
Universities);Universities); national laboratories; federalnational laboratories; federal research agencies; state research agencies; research agencies; state research agencies;
~~small~~ smal businesses; nonprofit organizations; and/or a consortium of two or more businesses; nonprofit organizations; and/or a consortium of two or more
entities identified as eligibleentities identified as eligible
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Biomass; Biomass; biofuels; biobased products biofuels; biobased products
For More Information For More Information
See See the Biomass Research and Development (BR&D) Board’s BRDI website; program number 10.312 on the program number 10.312 on the ~~beta.~~Sam.gov website; CRS In Focus IF10288, Sam.gov website; CRS In Focus IF10288,
Overview of ~~Bioenergy Programs in~~ the 2018 Farm ~~Bill,~~ ~~by Kelsi~~ Bil Energy Title Programs, by Kelsi Bracmort; and CRS Bracmort; and CRS
Report R45943, Report R45943, The Farm ~~Bill~~ Bil Energy Title: An Overview and Funding History, by Kelsi, by Kelsi
Bracmort. Bracmort.
5. Biorefinery, Renewable Chemical, and Biobased Product Manufacturing
Assistance Program (formerly the Biorefinery Assistance Program)
Administered Administered by by
Rural Development Rural Development
Authority Authority
Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title IX, Section 9003 Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title IX, Section 9003
created the Biorefinerycreated the Biorefinery ~~Assistance~~ Assistance Program Program
Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79), Title IX, Section 9003 amended and renamed Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79), Title IX, Section 9003 amended and renamed
the program as the Biorefinery,the program as the Biorefinery, Renewable Chemical and Biobased Product Renewable Chemical and Biobased Product
Manufacturing Assistance Program Manufacturing Assistance Program
AgricultureAgriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334), Title IX, Section 9003 Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334), Title IX, Section 9003
Annual Funding Annual Funding
•  Mandatory: Under the 2018 farm Mandatory: Under the 2018 farm ~~bill, mandatory Commodity Credit Corporation~~bil , mandatory Commodity Credit Corp oration
(CCC) funding of $50 (CCC) funding of $50 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2019 and $25 for FY2019 and $25 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2020 (to remain for FY2020 (to remain
available until expended) was authorized for loan guarantees. $50 available until expended) was authorized for loan guarantees. $50 ~~million~~ mil ion was made was made
available for FY2019. $24 available for FY2019. $24 ~~million~~ mil ion in funding was made available for FY2020.in funding was made available for FY2020.23
~~• Discretionary: Funds of $75 million annually~~29 $5 mil ion in funding was made available for FY2021.  Discretionary: Funds of $75 mil ion annual y are authorized to be appropriated for are authorized to be appropriated for
FY2014-FY2018 and FY2019-FY2023. For FY2009-FY2013, $150 FY2014-FY2018 and FY2019-FY2023. For FY2009-FY2013, $150 ~~million was~~
~~authorized to be appropriated annually. No discretionary funding has been~~
~~appropriated for this program through FY2020.~~mil ion was 29 T he original mandatory funding of $25 million for FY2020 was reduced by $1 million for a final total of $24 million in mandatory funds made available to the Biorefinery, Renewable Chemical, and Biobased Product Manufacturing Assistance Program. T his reduction is noted in the Appendix volume to the FY2021 Budget of the United States Governm ent on p. 142. Congressional Research Service 24 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs authorized to be appropriated annual y. No discretionary funding has been appropriated for this program through FY2021, and there is no budget request for discretionary appropriations for FY2022.30
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
Mandatory funding authorized through FY2020 and discretionary Mandatory funding authorized through FY2020 and discretionary funding authorized funding authorized
through FY2023.through FY2023.
Description Description
The purpose is to assist in the development of new and emerging technologies The purpose is to assist in the development of new and emerging technologies for the for the
development of advanced biofuels, so as to increasedevelopment of advanced biofuels, so as to increase the energy independence of the the energy independence of the
United States; promote resourceUnited States; promote resource conservation,conservation, public health, and the environment; public health, and the environment;
diversifydiversify ~~markets~~ markets for agricultural and forestryfor agricultural and forestry products and agriculture waste material; products and agriculture waste material;
and create jobs and enhance the economic development of the rural economy. and create jobs and enhance the economic development of the rural economy.
CompetitiveCompetitive grants and loan guarantees are made to fund the development, grants and loan guarantees are made to fund the development,
construction, and retrofitting of commercial-scaleconstruction, and retrofitting of commercial-scale ~~biorefineries~~ biorefineries using eligible using eligible
technologies.technologies. ~~Biorefinery~~ Biorefinery grants can provide for up to 30% of total project costs. Loan grants can provide for up to 30% of total project costs. Loan
guarantees are limitedguarantees are limited to $250 to $250 ~~million~~ mil ion or 80% of project cost. ~~or 80% of project cost.~~

~~23 The original mandatory funding of $25 million for FY2020 was reduced by $1 million for a final total of $24 million~~
~~in mandatory funds made available to the Biorefinery, Renewable Chemical, and Biobased Product Manufacturing~~
~~Assistance Program. This reduction is noted in the Appendix volume to the Budget of the United States Government~~
~~for FY2021 on p. 142.~~
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Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Individuals; tribal entities; state government entities; local government entities; Individuals; tribal entities; state government entities; local government entities;
corporations; farm cooperatives; farmercorporations; farm cooperatives; farmer cooperative organizations; associations of cooperative organizations; associations of
agricultural producers; national laboratories;agricultural producers; national laboratories; institutions of higher education; rural institutions of higher education; rural
electricelectric cooperatives; public power entities; consortia of any of the previous entities cooperatives; public power entities; consortia of any of the previous entities
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Technologies being adopted in a viable commercial-scale Technologies being adopted in a viable commercial-scale operation of a biorefinery operation of a biorefinery
that produces an advanced biofuel, renewablethat produces an advanced biofuel, renewable chemical, or biobased product;chemical, or biobased product; and and
technologies that have been demonstrated to have technical and economic potential technologies that have been demonstrated to have technical and economic potential
for commercialfor commercial application in a biorefineryapplication in a biorefinery that produces an advanced biofuel, that produces an advanced biofuel,
renewable chemical,renewable chemical, or biobased product. or biobased product.
For More Information For More Information
See the USDA program website; See the USDA program website; ~~program~~ USDA’s Biorefinery program fact sheet; program number 10.865 at the number 10.865 at the ~~beta.~~SAM.gov SAM.gov
~~website~~website; CRS In Focus IF10288, Overview of the 2018 Farm Bil Energy Title Programs, by Kelsi Bracmort; and CRS Report R45943, ; and CRS Report R45943, The Farm ~~Bill~~ Bil Energy Title: An Overview and Funding
History, by Kelsi, by Kelsi Bracmort.Bracmort.
6. Community Wood Energy and Wood Innovation Program
Administered Administered by by
Forest Forest Service Service
Authority Authority
Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title IX, Section 9013 Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title IX, Section 9013
Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79), Title IX, Section 9012 Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79), Title IX, Section 9012
AgricultureAgriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334), Title VIII, Section 8644 Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334), Title VIII, Section 8644
Annual Funding Annual Funding
•  Mandatory: No mandatory funding has been authorized. Mandatory: No mandatory funding has been authorized.
~~• Discretionary: Discretionary funding of $25 million annually~~  Discretionary: Discretionary funding of $25 mil ion annual y is authorized to be is authorized to be
appropriated for FY2019-FY2023 under the 2018 farm appropriated for FY2019-FY2023 under the 2018 farm ~~bill, but no funds have been~~
~~appropriated through FY2020.~~
bil . $1.5 mil ion was appropriated for FY2020. This was the first year Congress appropriated funds directly for the Community Wood Energy and Wood Innovation competitive funding program.31 $2 mil ion was appropriated for FY2021, and the agency is requesting $10 mil ion for FY2022. Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
Funding authorized through FY2023. Funding authorized through FY2023.
Description Description
The 2018 farm The 2018 farm ~~bill~~ bil extended the program through FY2023 and changed the name to extended the program through FY2023 and changed the name to
the Community Wood Energy and Wood Energy Innovation Program.the Community Wood Energy and Wood Energy Innovation Program. The program The program
provides matching grants for the provides matching grants for the ~~installation~~instal ation of community wood energy systems or of community wood energy systems or
building an innovative wood product facility.building an innovative wood product facility.
A community wood energy system is defined in the 2018 farm A community wood energy system is defined in the 2018 farm ~~bill~~ bil as an energy as an energy
systemsystem that produces thermal energy or combined thermal energy and electricity, that produces thermal energy or combined thermal energy and electricity,
servicesservices public facilitiespublic facilities owned or operated by state or local governments,owned or operated by state or local governments, and uses and uses
woody biomass.woody biomass. This includes single-facilityThis includes single-facility central heating, district heating systems 30 See the Appendix volume to the FY2022 Budget of the United States Government, p. 145: “T he 2022 Budget does not request discretionary funding for this program because mandatory funding is provided through the 2018 Farm Bill.” 31 United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service FY2022 Budget Justification (p.146). Congressional Research Service 25 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs ~~central heating, district heating systems~~
for multiple buildings, combined heat and electricfor multiple buildings, combined heat and electric systems,systems, and other related and other related
biomassbiomass energy systems. energy systems.
The 2018 farm The 2018 farm ~~bill~~ bil added innovative wood product facilitiesadded innovative wood product facilities to the program,to the program, defining defining
such a facility as a manufacturing or processingsuch a facility as a manufacturing or processing plant or millplant or mill that produces: building that produces: building
components or systemscomponents or systems using panelized wood construction; wood products derived using panelized wood construction; wood products derived
from nanotechnology or other new technology processes;from nanotechnology or other new technology processes; or other innovative wood or other innovative wood
products using low-value, low-quality wood. products using low-value, low-quality wood.
Grants are capped at 35% of the capital cost of the systemGrants are capped at 35% of the capital cost of the system or facility (50% under or facility (50% under
special circumstances),special circumstances), and are awarded for systemsand are awarded for systems with a nameplate capacity not with a nameplate capacity not
exceeding 5 megawatts of thermal energy or combined thermalexceeding 5 megawatts of thermal energy or combined thermal and electricand electric energy energy
as directed by statute. as directed by statute.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
State and local governments State and local governments
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Biomass Biomass
For More Information For More Information
See the See the program website; CRS In Focus IF10288, Overview of Bioenergy Programs in
the 2018 Farm Bill, by Kelsi Bracmort; and CRS Report R45943, ~~The Farm Bill Energy~~
Forest Service’s Wood Innovations Grants program website; the Forest Service’s Community Wood Grant Program Awards website; the federal Biomass Research and Development (BR&D) Board’s “Wood Innovations Program” Power Point document; CRS In Focus IF10288, Overview of the 2018 Farm Bil Energy Title Programs, by Kelsi Bracmort; and CRS Report R45943, The Farm Bil Energy Title: An Overview and Funding History,, by Kelsiby Kelsi Bracmort.Bracmort.
7. New Era Rural Technology Competitive Grants Program
Administered Administered by by
National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)
Authority Authority
National Agricultural Research, National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 ( P.L. 95-P.L. 95-
113) 113)
Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246) Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246)
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~~Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs~~

Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79) Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79)
AgricultureAgriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334), Title VII, Section 7130 Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334), Title VII, Section 7130
Annual Funding Annual Funding
The program received The program received $875,000 for FY2010 and an estimated$875,000 for FY2010 and an estimated $875,000 for FY2011. $875,000 for FY2011.
The program authorization expired after the end of FY2012, and it received no funding The program authorization expired after the end of FY2012, and it received no funding
through FY2018. Despitethrough FY2018. Despite being reauthorized by the 2018 farm being reauthorized by the 2018 farm ~~bill~~ bil (P.L. 115-334), the (P.L. 115-334), the
program has receivedprogram has received no funding for FY2019 no funding for FY2019 ~~and FY2020.~~
through FY2021. Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
Authorized through FY2023. Authorized through FY2023.
Description Description
This program provides This program provides grant funding for approved technology development, applied grant funding for approved technology development, applied
research,research, and training to develop an agriculture-based renewableand training to develop an agriculture-based renewable energy workforce. energy workforce.
The initiative supports bioenergy,The initiative supports bioenergy, pulp and paper manufacturing, and agriculture-based pulp and paper manufacturing, and agriculture-based
renewable energy resources.renewable energy resources. The program’sThe program’s authority expired after FY2012, but the authority expired after FY2012, but the
2018 farm 2018 farm ~~bill~~ bil reauthorized the program for FY2019 through FY2023.reauthorized the program for FY2019 through FY2023.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Public or private nonprofit community Public or private nonprofit community ~~colleges;~~ col eges; advanced technology centers advanced technology centers
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Biomass; Biomass; bioenergy bioenergy
For More Information For More Information
See the archived CFDA See the archived CFDA web page for program number 10.314; and 7 U.S.C.web page for program number 10.314; and 7 U.S.C. §3319e§3319e.
8. Rural Energy For America Program (REAP) Grants and Loans
Administered Administered by by
Rural Development Rural Development
Authority Authority
Food Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title IX, Section 9001(a) Food Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title IX, Section 9001(a)
Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79), Title IX, Section 9007 Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79), Title IX, Section 9007
AgricultureAgriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334), Title IX, Section 9007Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334), Title IX, Section 9007
Annual Funding Annual Funding
•  Mandatory: The 2018 farm Mandatory: The 2018 farm ~~bill~~ bil retains mandatory CCC funding of $50 retains mandatory CCC funding of $50 ~~million~~ mil ion for for
FY2014 and each fiscal year thereafter. (Thus, unlike other farm FY2014 and each fiscal year thereafter. (Thus, unlike other farm ~~bill~~ bil renewable renewable
energy programs,energy programs, REAP’s mandatory funding authority does not expire with the REAP’s mandatory funding authority does not expire with the
2018 farm 2018 farm ~~bill~~bil .) Mandatory funds are to remain.) Mandatory funds are to remain available until expended. available until expended.
~~• Discretionary: Under the 2018 farm bill, discretionary funding of $20 million~~
~~annually~~ Congressional Research Service 26 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs  Discretionary: Under the 2018 farm bil , discretionary funding of $20 mil ion annual y is authorized to be appropriated for FY2019-FY2023; of this amount, is authorized to be appropriated for FY2019-FY2023; of this amount,
$335,000 was appropriated for FY2019$335,000 was appropriated for FY2019 ~~and~~, $706,000 for FY2020 $706,000 for FY2020.
, and $10.4 mil ion for FY2021.32 $30.2 mil ion requested for FY2022. Under the 2014 farm Under the 2014 farm ~~bill~~bil , discretionary, discretionary funding of $20 funding of $20 ~~million annually~~mil ion annual y was was
authorized to be appropriated for FY2014-FY2018; of this amount, $3.5 authorized to be appropriated for FY2014-FY2018; of this amount, $3.5 ~~million~~ mil ion was was
appropriated for FY2014, $1.35 appropriated for FY2014, $1.35 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2015, $0.5 for FY2015, $0.5 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2016, for FY2016,
$352,000 for FY2017, and $293,000 for FY2018.$352,000 for FY2017, and $293,000 for FY2018.
Under the 2008 farm Under the 2008 farm ~~bill, $25 million~~ bil , $25 mil ion was authorized to be appropriated was authorized to be appropriated ~~annually~~annual y for for
FY2009-FY2013. Actual discretionary appropriations have been $5 FY2009-FY2013. Actual discretionary appropriations have been $5 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2009, in FY2009,
$39.3 $39.3 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2010, $5 in FY2010, $5 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2011, $3.4 in FY2011, $3.4 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2012 and in FY2013; in FY2012 and in FY2013;
$3.5 $3.5 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2014; and $1.35 in FY2014; and $1.35 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2015. in FY2015.
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
None None
Description Description
REAP promotes REAP promotes energy efficiency and renewableenergy efficiency and renewable energy for agricultural producers energy for agricultural producers
and rural and rural ~~small businesses~~ smal businesses through the use of: (1) grants and loan guarantees for through the use of: (1) grants and loan guarantees for
energy efficiency improvementsenergy efficiency improvements (EEI) and renewable energy systems(EEI) and renewable energy systems (RES); (2) grants (RES); (2) grants
for energy audits and renewablefor energy audits and renewable energy developmentenergy development assistance; and (3) grants for assistance; and (3) grants for
conducting renewable energy systemsconducting renewable energy systems (RES) feasibility studies (eligible(RES) feasibility studies (eligible entities include entities include
rural rural ~~small~~ smal businesses and agricultural producers).businesses and agricultural producers).
The 2014 farm The 2014 farm ~~bill~~ bil added new funding and a three-tieredadded new funding and a three-tiered application process with application process with
separate application processesseparate application processes for grants and loan guarantees for RES and EEI for grants and loan guarantees for RES and EEI
projects based on the project cost. It also excluded the use of REAP funds for projects based on the project cost. It also excluded the use of REAP funds for
~~installing~~instal ing retail energy dispensing equipment, such as blender pumps. retail energy dispensing equipment, such as blender pumps.
The 2018 farm The 2018 farm ~~bill~~ bil amended the financial assistance for energy efficiency amended the financial assistance for energy efficiency
improvementsimprovements and renewable energy systemsand renewable energy systems section to include certain limitations section to include certain limitations
for loan guarantees to purchase and for loan guarantees to purchase and ~~install~~ instal energy efficient equipment or agricultural energy efficient equipment or agricultural
production or processing systems.production or processing systems. It also placed a cap of 15% of available funds per It also placed a cap of 15% of available funds per
year to be imposed on loan guarantees to agricultural producers for energy efficiency year to be imposed on loan guarantees to agricultural producers for energy efficiency
equipment. equipment.
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~~Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs~~

Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Commercial; Commercial; schools; state, local,schools; state, local, and tribal governments; rural electricand tribal governments; rural electric cooperatives; cooperatives;
agricultural; public power entities agricultural; public power entities
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Solar water heat; solar space heat; solar thermal Solar water heat; solar space heat; solar thermal electric; photovoltaics; wind; electric; photovoltaics; wind;
biomass; hydroelectric;biomass; hydroelectric; renewable transportation fuels; geothermalrenewable transportation fuels; geothermal electric; electric;
geothermalgeothermal heat pumps; CHP/cogeneration; hydrogen; direct-use geothermal heat pumps; CHP/cogeneration; hydrogen; direct-use geothermal
(electric); anaerobic digestion; (electric); anaerobic digestion; ~~small~~ smal hydroelectric;hydroelectric; tidal energy; wave energy; ocean tidal energy; wave energy; ocean
thermal; renewable fuels; fuel thermal; renewable fuels; fuel ~~cells~~ cel s using renewable fuels; microturbines.using renewable fuels; microturbines. Specific Specific
energy efficiency technologies not identified. energy efficiency technologies not identified.
For More Information For More Information
See the program website; CRS In Focus IF10288, See the program website; CRS In Focus IF10288, Overview of ~~Bioenergy Programs in the~~
~~2018 Farm Bill, by Kelsi~~ the 2018 Farm Bil Energy Title Programs, by Kelsi Bracmort; and CRS Report R45943, Bracmort; and CRS Report R45943, The Farm ~~Bill~~ Bil Energy Title:
An Overview and Funding History,, by Kelsiby Kelsi Bracmort.Bracmort.
9. Rural Energy Savings Program (RESP)
Administered Administered by by
Rural Development Rural Development
Authority Authority
Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79), Title VI, Section 6205 Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79), Title VI, Section 6205
AgricultureAgriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334), Title VI, Section 6303Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334), Title VI, Section 6303
Annual Funding Annual Funding
•  Mandatory: No mandatory funding has been authorized. Mandatory: No mandatory funding has been authorized.
~~• Discretionary: Under the 2014 farm bill, discretionary funding of $75 million was~~
~~authorized to be appropriated for FY2014-FY2018. The 2018 farm bill~~ 32 $10 million in additional discretionary funding was appropriated to REAP in the Consolidated Appropriation Act, FY2021 (P.L. 116-260, §781). T his additional amount was added to the base discretionary appropriation o f $392,000 for loan subsidies and grants and is to remain available until expended. Section 781 directs the Agriculture Secretary to use the additional $10 million “to carry out a pilot program to provide financial assistance for rural communities to further develop renewable energy.” Congressional Research Service 27 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs  Discretionary: Under the 2014 farm bil , discretionary funding of $75 mil ion was authorized to be appropriated for FY2014-FY2018. The 2018 farm bil extended this extended this
authorization of $75 authorization of $75 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2019-FY2023. Of this amount, no funding was for FY2019-FY2023. Of this amount, no funding was
appropriated for FY2015 and FY2016; $8 appropriated for FY2015 and FY2016; $8 ~~million~~ mil ion was appropriated was appropriated ~~annually~~annual y for for
FY2016-FY2018; $10 FY2016-FY2018; $10 ~~million~~mil ion was appropriated for FY2019; was appropriated for FY2019; ~~and $12 million~~ $12 mil ion was was
appropriated for FY2020appropriated for FY2020.
; $11 mil ion was appropriated for FY2021; $22 mil ion requested for FY2022. Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
Funding authorized through FY2023. Funding authorized through FY2023.
Description Description
The Rural Energy Savings Program The Rural Energy Savings Program provides loans to entities that agree to make provides loans to entities that agree to make
affordable loans to help qualified consumers implementaffordable loans to help qualified consumers implement durable and cost-effective durable and cost-effective
energy efficiency upgrades or energy efficiency upgrades or ~~install~~ instal cost-effective renewable energy or energy cost-effective renewable energy or energy
storage systems.storage systems. The 2018 farm The 2018 farm ~~bill requires~~ bil requires that loans from eligiblethat loans from eligible entities to entities to
qualified consumers may not exceed 5% in interest and must be used for certain qualified consumers may not exceed 5% in interest and must be used for certain
purposes (e.g., to establish a loan losspurposes (e.g., to establish a loan loss reserve). reserve).
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Public power entities (public power districts and public utility districts) and rural Public power entities (public power districts and public utility districts) and rural
electricelectric cooperatives that have borrowed,cooperatives that have borrowed, repaid, prepaid, or are paying an electric repaid, prepaid, or are paying an electric
loan made or guaranteed by the Rural Utilitiesloan made or guaranteed by the Rural Utilities ~~Service~~ Service (RUS); or any other entity (RUS); or any other entity
that is determinedthat is determined ~~eligible~~ eligible for a loan from RUS according to federal regulations (see for a loan from RUS according to federal regulations (see
7 CFR 1701.101)7 CFR 1701.101)
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
On- or off-grid renewable On- or off-grid renewable energy systems; on- or off-grid energy storage systems; energy systems; on- or off-grid energy storage systems;
cost-effective, commercialcost-effective, commercial ~~technologies~~ technologies to increase energy efficiency to increase energy efficiency
Specific renewable energy, energy storage, and energy efficiency technologiesSpecific renewable energy, energy storage, and energy efficiency technologies not not
identified. identified.
For More Information For More Information
See the program website; See the program website; USDA’s Rural Energy Savings ProgramRural Energy Savings Program (RESP) (RESP) ~~factsheet;~~ fact sheet; program program
number 10.751 at the number 10.751 at the ~~beta.~~Sam.gov website; CRS In Focus IF10288, Sam.gov website; CRS In Focus IF10288, Overview of
~~Bioenergy Programs in the 2018 Farm Bill, by Kelsi~~ the 2018 Farm Bil Energy Title Programs, by Kelsi Bracmort; and CRS Report R45943, Bracmort; and CRS Report R45943,
The Farm ~~Bill~~ Bil Energy Title: An Overview and Funding History, by Kelsi, by Kelsi Bracmort. Bracmort.
10. Sun Grant Program
Administered Administered by by
National Institute of Food and Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Authority Authority
Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title VII, Section 7526 Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title VII, Section 7526
Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79), Title VII, Sections 7128, 7516 Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79), Title VII, Sections 7128, 7516
AgricultureAgriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334), Title IX, Sections 7414, 7614 Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334), Title IX, Sections 7414, 7614
Annual Funding Annual Funding
•  Mandatory: No mandatory funding has been authorized. Mandatory: No mandatory funding has been authorized.
•  Discretionary:Discretionary: Under the previous 2008 and 2014 farm Under the previous 2008 and 2014 farm ~~bills,~~ bil s, discretionary funding of discretionary funding of
~~$75 million~~ $75 mil ion was authorized to be appropriated for FY2008was authorized to be appropriated for FY2008 -FY2018. The 2018 farm -FY2018. The 2018 farm
~~bill~~ bil extended this authorization of $75 extended this authorization of $75 ~~million for FY2019-FY2023. Of this amount,~~
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~~$2.5 million~~ mil ion for FY2019 -FY2023. Of this amount, $2.5 mil ion was appropriated in FY2015 and FY2016, and $3 was appropriated in FY2015 and FY2016, and $3 ~~million~~ mil ion was was
appropriated for FY2017-appropriated for FY2017-~~FY2020.~~
FY2021. $3 mil ion was requested for FY2022. Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
Funding authorized through FY2023. Funding authorized through FY2023.
Description Description
The Sun Grant Initiative (SGI) is a national network of land-grant universities The Sun Grant Initiative (SGI) is a national network of land-grant universities ~~and~~
~~federally~~ and federal y funded laboratoriesfunded laboratories coordinated through six regional Sun Grant centers. The coordinated through six regional Sun Grant centers. The
centers receivecenters receive funding to enhance national energy security using biobased energy funding to enhance national energy security using biobased energy
technologies,technologies, to promote diversificationto promote diversification and environmental sustainability of and environmental sustainability of
agricultural production through biobased energy and product technologies,agricultural production through biobased energy and product technologies, to to
promote economicpromote economic ~~diversification~~ diversification in rural areas through biobased energy and product in rural areas through biobased energy and product
technologies,technologies, and to enhance the efficiency of bioenergy and biomass researchand to enhance the efficiency of bioenergy and biomass research and and
development programs.development programs.~~24 Competitive~~ 33 Competitive grants are available to land-grant schools grants are available to land-grant schools
within each region to be used toward integrated, multistatewithin each region to be used toward integrated, multistate research, extension, and research, extension, and
education programs on technology development and implementation. education programs on technology development and implementation.
33 See “Sun Grant Initiative,” at http://www.sungrant.org/. Congressional Research Service 28 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs The combined six regions ~~The combined six regions~~ and subregions, covering and subregions, covering ~~all~~ al 50 states and U.S. territories 50 states and U.S. territories
are North-Central Region, Northeastern Region, Southeastern Region, South-Central are North-Central Region, Northeastern Region, Southeastern Region, South-Central
Region, WesternRegion, Western Region, and the Western Insular Pacific Subcenter Region. Region, and the Western Insular Pacific Subcenter Region.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
~~Colleges and universities: specifically, eligible~~ Col eges and universities: specifical y, eligible applicants must represent a consortium applicants must represent a consortium
of 1862, 1890, and 1994 land-grant universities made up of one university from each of 1862, 1890, and 1994 land-grant universities made up of one university from each
of the (six) Sun Grant regionsof the (six) Sun Grant regions and subregion.and subregion.
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Biomass; Biomass; biofuels; biobased products biofuels; biobased products
For More Information For More Information
See the program website; program number 10.320 at the See the program website; program number 10.320 at the ~~beta.~~Sam.gov website; CRS Sam.gov website; CRS
In Focus IF10288, In Focus IF10288, Overview ~~of Bioenergy Programs in the 2018 Farm Bill~~~~, by Kelsi~~
of the 2018 Farm Bil Energy Title Programs, by Kelsi Bracmort; and CRS Report R45943, Bracmort; and CRS Report R45943, The Farm ~~Bill~~ Bil Energy Title: An Overview and Funding
History, by , by ~~Kelsi~~ Kelsi Bracmort.Bracmort.
11. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program (SARE)
Administered Administered by by
National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; and other National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; and other
appropriate agencies appropriate agencies
Authority Authority
Food, Agriculture, Food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-624) Conservation and Trade Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-624)
Food, Agriculture,Food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act AmendmentsConservation and Trade Act Amendments of 1991 (P.L. 102-237) of 1991 (P.L. 102-237)
FederalFederal Agriculture ImprovementAgriculture Improvement and Reformand Reform Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-127) Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-127)
Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246) Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246)
Annual Funding Annual Funding
$19.2 $19.2 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2011 for FY2011
$13.5 $13.5 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2012 for FY2012
$19.3 $19.3 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2013 for FY2013
$22.7 $22.7 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2014for FY2014
~~$23 million~~ $23 mil ion for FY2015 for FY2015
$25 $25 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2016for FY2016
~~$27 million~~ $27 mil ion for FY2017for FY2017
~~$27 million~~ $27 mil ion for FY2018for FY2018
~~$37 million~~ $37 mil ion for FY2019 for FY2019
$37 $37 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2020 for FY2020
$$~~37 million~~ 40 mil ion for FY2021 $60 mil ion requested for requested for ~~FY2021~~FY2022
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
None None
Description Description
The Sustainable Agriculture The Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program (SARE) is designed to Research and Education Program (SARE) is designed to
increaseincrease knowledge concerning agricultural production systemsknowledge concerning agricultural production systems that conservethat conserve soil, soil,
water, energy, natural resources,water, energy, natural resources, and fish and wildlifeand fish and wildlife habitat. SARE provides grants habitat. SARE provides grants
through the agricultural bioenergy feedstock and energy efficiency research and through the agricultural bioenergy feedstock and energy efficiency research and
extension initiative for projectsextension initiative for projects with the purpose of enhancing the production of with the purpose of enhancing the production of
biomassbiomass energy crops and the energy efficiency of agricultural operations. energy crops and the energy efficiency of agricultural operations.

~~24 See “Sun Grant Initiative,” at http://www.sungrant.org/.~~
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~~Qualified Applicant(s)~~
~~Federal~~ Qualified Applicant(s) Federal and state governments; and state governments; ~~colleges~~ col eges and universities;and universities; state agricultural experiment state agricultural experiment
stations; state cooperative extension services;stations; state cooperative extension services; nonprofit organizations; individuals nonprofit organizations; individuals
with demonstrablewith demonstrable expertise expertise
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Biomass; Biomass; biofuels; other technologies not identified. biofuels; other technologies not identified.
For More Information For More Information
See the USDA/NIFA See the USDA/NIFA supported website for SARE; program number 10.215 at the supported website for SARE; program number 10.215 at the
~~beta.SAM.gov website; and CRS Report R41985, Renewable Energy Programs and the~~
~~Farm Bill: Status and Issues, by Randy Schnepf~~SAM.gov website. .
III. U.S. Department of the Treasury
Please note that tax credits for biofuels and vehicles are covered in detail in CRS Report R42566, Please note that tax credits for biofuels and vehicles are covered in detail in CRS Report R42566,
Alternative Fuel and Advanced Vehicle Technology Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs, Alternative Fuel and Advanced Vehicle Technology Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs,
by Lynn J. Cunningham et al. by Lynn J. Cunningham et al.
Congressional Research Service 29 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs Homeowner
1. Residential Energy Conservation Subsidy Exclusion (Corporate and Personal)
Administered Administered by by
Internal Revenue Service Internal Revenue Service
Authority Authority
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C. §136 §136

Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486)
~~Small~~ Smal Business Job Protection Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-188) Business Job Protection Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-188)
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
None None
Description Description
Energy conservation subsidies provided by public utilities, Energy conservation subsidies provided by public utilities, either directly or either directly or
indirectly,indirectly, are nontaxable: “Grossare nontaxable: “Gross income income ~~shall~~ shal not include the value of any subsidy not include the value of any subsidy
provided (directly or indirectly) by a public utility to a customerprovided (directly or indirectly) by a public utility to a customer for the purchase or for the purchase or
~~installation~~instal ation of any energy conservation measure.” of any energy conservation measure.”
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Residential; Residential; ~~multi-family~~ multifamily residential residential
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Technologies Technologies ~~installed~~ instal ed to reduce electricityto reduce electricity or natural gas consumption or improve or natural gas consumption or improve
the management of energy demand in a the management of energy demand in a ~~dwelling~~dwel ing unit, including, but not limited unit, including, but not limited to, to,
solar water heat, solarsolar water heat, solar space heat, photovoltaics, and other energy efficiency space heat, photovoltaics, and other energy efficiency
technologies not identified. technologies not identified.
For More Information For More Information
See current Internal Revenue Service See current Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Publication 525 (2020), Taxable and (IRS) Publication 525 (2020), Taxable and
Nontaxable Income; or Nontaxable Income; or ~~all~~ al archived versions (1995-2020) of IRS Publication 525. archived versions (1995-2020) of IRS Publication 525.
2. Residential Energy Efficiency Tax Credit
Administered Administered by by
Internal Revenue Service Internal Revenue Service
Authority Authority
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C. §25C §25C

Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Energy ImprovementEnergy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (EIA; P.L. 110-343) and Extension Act of 2008 (EIA; P.L. 110-343)
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)
AmericanAmerican Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA; P.L. 112-240) Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA; P.L. 112-240)
Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-295) Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-295)
Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113) Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113)
Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123) Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123)
Further Consolidated AppropriationsFurther Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L. 116-94) Act, 2020 (P.L. 116-94)
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260) Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260)
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
December December 31, 2021 31, 2021
Description Description
A 10% credit for energy efficiency improvements A 10% credit for energy efficiency improvements to the building envelope of to the building envelope of
existing homes and capped amounts ($50-$300) for the purchase of specificexisting homes and capped amounts ($50-$300) for the purchase of specific ~~types of~~
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types of high-efficiency heating, cooling, and water-heating equipment. Efficiency high-efficiency heating, cooling, and water-heating equipment. Efficiency
improvementsimprovements or equipment must have served a or equipment must have served a ~~dwelling~~ dwel ing in the United States that in the United States that
is owned and used by the taxpayer as a primary residence.is owned and used by the taxpayer as a primary residence. For purchases made in For purchases made in
2011-2020, the maximum lifetime2011-2020, the maximum lifetime amount of homeowneramount of homeowner credit for credit for ~~all~~
al improvementsimprovements combined is $500 total. For purchases made in 2009 or 2010, the combined is $500 total. For purchases made in 2009 or 2010, the
maximummaximum amount of homeowner credit was $1,500 total. amount of homeowner credit was $1,500 total.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Residential Residential
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Water heaters; furnaces; boilers; Water heaters; furnaces; boilers; heat pumps; air conditioners; building insulation; heat pumps; air conditioners; building insulation;
windows; doors; roofs; circulating fans used in a qualifying furnace; biomasswindows; doors; roofs; circulating fans used in a qualifying furnace; biomass and and
stoves that use qualified biomassstoves that use qualified biomass fuel fuel
For More Information For More Information
See IRS Form See IRS Form 5695: Residential Energy Credits; IRS Form 5695 Instructions; CRS 5695: Residential Energy Credits; IRS Form 5695 Instructions; CRS
Report R42089, Residential Energy Tax Credits:Report R42089, Residential Energy Tax Credits: ~~Overview~~ Overview and Analysis,and Analysis, by Margot by Margot
L. L. ~~Crandall-Hollick and Molly~~Crandal -Hol ick and Mol y F. Sherlock; F. Sherlock; and CRS Report R46451, and CRS Report R46451, Energy Tax
Provisions Expiring in 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 (“Tax Extenders”),, ~~by Molly~~ by Mol y F. F.
Sherlock,Sherlock, Margot L. Margot L. ~~Crandall-Hollick,~~ Crandal -Hol ick, and Donald J. Marples. Congressional Research Service 30 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs ~~and Donald J. Marples.~~
3. Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit
Administered Administered by by
Internal Revenue Service Internal Revenue Service
Authority Authority
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C. §25D §25D

Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Energy ImprovementEnergy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343) and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343)
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)
Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113) Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113)
Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123) Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123)
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260) Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260)
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
December December 31, 2023 31, 2023
Description Description
Prior to 2020, a taxpayer could claim Prior to 2020, a taxpayer could claim a 30% credit for qualified expenditures for an a 30% credit for qualified expenditures for an
~~installed~~instal ed system system that servesthat serves ~~a dwelling~~ a dwel ing unit located in the United States and is used unit located in the United States and is used
as a residenceas a residence by the taxpayer. A 26% credit for by the taxpayer. A 26% credit for ~~all~~ al qualified technology systemsqualified technology systems (see (see
below) is in place through Decemberbelow) is in place through December 31, 2022, but is reduced to 22% for 2023, the 31, 2022, but is reduced to 22% for 2023, the
final year for the tax credit. The federal tax code (26 U.S.C. §25D) does not final year for the tax credit. The federal tax code (26 U.S.C. §25D) does not
explicitly referenceexplicitly reference energy storage, so stand-alone energy storage systemsenergy storage, so stand-alone energy storage systems do not do not
qualify for the tax credit. qualify for the tax credit.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Residential Residential
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Solar electric Solar electric (including photovoltaics); solar(including photovoltaics); solar water heating; water heating; ~~small~~ smal wind; fuel wind; fuel ~~cells~~cel s; ;
geothermalgeothermal heat pumps; qualified biomassheat pumps; qualified biomass fuel property fuel property
For More Information For More Information
See IRS Form See IRS Form 5695: Residential Energy Credits; IRS Form 5695 Instructions; and 5695: Residential Energy Credits; IRS Form 5695 Instructions; and
CRS Report R42089, Residential Energy Tax Credits: OverviewCRS Report R42089, Residential Energy Tax Credits: Overview and Analysis, by and Analysis, by
Margot Margot L. Crandal -Hol ick and Mol y~~L. Crandall-Hollick and Molly~~ F. Sherlock; F. Sherlock; and CRS Report R46451, and CRS Report R46451, Energy
Tax Provisions Expiring in 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 (“Tax Extenders”),, ~~by Molly~~ by Mol y F. F.
Sherlock,Sherlock, Margot L. Margot L. ~~Crandall-Hollick,~~ Crandal -Hol ick, and Donald J. Marples. and Donald J. Marples.
Business and Industry
4. Accelerated Depreciation Under the Modified Accelerated Cost-Recovery
System (MACRS)
Administered Administered by by
Internal Revenue Service Internal Revenue Service
Authority Authority
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C. §168 §168
26 U.S.C.26 U.S.C. §48 §48

Tax Reform Tax Reform Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-514) Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-514)
AmericanAmerican Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA; P.L. 112-240) Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA; P.L. 112-240)
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Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-295) Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-295)
Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113) Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113)
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (P.L. 115-97) Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (P.L. 115-97)
The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123) The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123)
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
None None
Description Description
Under MACRS, businesses Under MACRS, businesses may recovermay recover investments in certain property through investments in certain property through
depreciation deductions. The MACRS establishes a set of class livesdepreciation deductions. The MACRS establishes a set of class lives for various types for various types
of property, ranging from 3 to 50 years,of property, ranging from 3 to 50 years, over which the property may be over which the property may be
depreciated. A number of renewable energy technologies are classifieddepreciated. A number of renewable energy technologies are classified as five-year as five-year
property (26 U.S.C. §168(e)(3)(B)(vi)) under MACRS. property (26 U.S.C. §168(e)(3)(B)(vi)) under MACRS.
P.L. 115-97, signed in DecemberP.L. 115-97, signed in December 2017, extended the “placed in service"2017, extended the “placed in service" deadline for deadline for
bonus depreciation. Equipment placed in servicebonus depreciation. Equipment placed in service after Septemberafter September 2017 and before 2017 and before
January 1, 2023 can qualify for 100% bonus deprecation; for equipment placed in January 1, 2023 can qualify for 100% bonus deprecation; for equipment placed in
~~service~~ Congressional Research Service 31 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs service during the period covering 2023 through 2026, bonus depreciation reduces during the period covering 2023 through 2026, bonus depreciation reduces
20% each year: 80% for 2023, 60% for 2024, 40% for 2025, and 20% for 2026.20% each year: 80% for 2023, 60% for 2024, 40% for 2025, and 20% for 2026.25
~~Solar illumination, fuel cells,~~ 34 Solar il umination, fuel cel s, microturbines,microturbines, CHP, and CHP, and ~~small~~ smal wind property are wind property are
eligibleeligible for five-year cost recoveryfor five-year cost recovery if construction begins before January 1, 2022. if construction begins before January 1, 2022.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Commercial; Commercial; industrial industrial
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Solar water heat; solar space heat; solar thermal Solar water heat; solar space heat; solar thermal electric; solar thermalelectric; solar thermal process heat; process heat;
photovoltaics; photovoltaics; ~~landfill~~ landfil gas; wind; biomass; renewablegas; wind; biomass; renewable transportation fuels; geothermal transportation fuels; geothermal
electric; fuel electric; fuel ~~cells~~cel s; geothermal; geothermal heat pumps; municipal solid waste; CHP/cogeneration; heat pumps; municipal solid waste; CHP/cogeneration;
solar hybrid lighting; direct use geothermal;solar hybrid lighting; direct use geothermal; anaerobic digestion; microturbines anaerobic digestion; microturbines
For More Information For More Information
See IRS Publication 946: How To Depreciate See IRS Publication 946: How To Depreciate Property, IRS Form 4562: Depreciation Property, IRS Form 4562: Depreciation
and Amortization,and Amortization, and Instructions for Formand Instructions for Form 4562; and CRS Report R46451, 4562; and CRS Report R46451, Energy
Tax Provisions Expiring in 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 (“Tax Extenders”),, ~~by Molly~~ by Mol y F. F.
Sherlock,Sherlock, Margot L. Margot L. ~~Crandall-Hollick,~~ Crandal -Hol ick, and Donald J. Marples. and Donald J. Marples.
5. Business Energy Investment Tax Credit (ITC)
Administered Administered by by
Internal Revenue Service Internal Revenue Service
Authority Authority
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C. §48 §48

Energy Tax Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-618) Energy Tax Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-618)
Crude OilCrude Oil ~~Windfall~~ Windfal Profit Tax Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-223) Profit Tax Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-223)
Tax ReformTax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA86; P.L. 99-514) Act of 1986 (TRA86; P.L. 99-514)
Technical and Technical and ~~Miscellaneous~~ Miscel aneous Revenue Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-647) Revenue Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-647)
Omnibus Budget ReconciliationOmnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-239) Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-239)
Omnibus Budget ReconciliationOmnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-508) Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-508)
Tax Extension Act of 1991 (P.L. 102-227) Tax Extension Act of 1991 (P.L. 102-227)
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (P.L. 102-486)
Energy ImprovementEnergy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (EISA; P.L. 110-343) and Extension Act of 2008 (EISA; P.L. 110-343)
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)
Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113) Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113)
Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123) Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123)
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260) Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260)

~~25 Bonus depreciation applies to many classes of property or equipment other than renewable energy technologies~~
~~covered by MACRS. With 100% bonus depreciation available, businesses can choose to deduct the cost of renewable~~
~~energy property immediately, as opposed to recovering the cost of the investment over five years (MACRS). Beginning~~
~~in 2023, when bonus depreciation reduces 20% annually through 2026 (see program description above), businesses can~~
~~opt to deduct the remaining percentage immediately or the entire amount over five years under MACRS if they choose~~
~~not to take the bonus depreciation deduction.~~
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~~Scheduled Termination~~
~~None for solar and geothermal~~ Scheduled Termination None for solar and geothermal (at 10% rate); see description below for termination (at 10% rate); see description below for termination
dates for other specific technologies. dates for other specific technologies.
Description Description
The energy investment tax credit (ITC) is a credit against the cost of investments in The energy investment tax credit (ITC) is a credit against the cost of investments in
qualified renewable-energy property. There is a permanent ITC for solarqualified renewable-energy property. There is a permanent ITC for solar and and
geothermalgeothermal (electric) technologies equal to 10% of the cost basis of the investment. (electric) technologies equal to 10% of the cost basis of the investment.
Temporarily,Temporarily, the credit rate for solar was 30% through 2019, before being reduced the credit rate for solar was 30% through 2019, before being reduced
to 26% for 2020 through 2022, and 22% for 2023 through 2025.to 26% for 2020 through 2022, and 22% for 2023 through 2025.

Investments in Investments in ~~small~~ smal wind property (i.e.,wind property (i.e., a wind turbine with 100 kilowattsa wind turbine with 100 kilowatts of capacity of capacity
or less) could qualify for a 30% ITC through 2019, with the credit rate reduced to or less) could qualify for a 30% ITC through 2019, with the credit rate reduced to
26% for 2020 through 2022 and 22% for 2023. Investments in fuel 26% for 2020 through 2022 and 22% for 2023. Investments in fuel ~~cell~~ cel power plants, power plants,
fiber-optic solar,fiber-optic solar, and waste energy recoveryand waste energy recovery systems may qualify for the ITC at these systems may qualify for the ITC at these
same rates.same rates. The credit for fuel The credit for fuel ~~cells~~ cel s is limitedis limited to $1,500 per 0.5 kilowatts in capacity. 34 Bonus depreciation applies to many classes of property or equipment other than renewable energy technologies covered by MACRS. With 100% bonus depreciation available, businesses can choose to deduct the cost of renewable energy property immediately, as opposed to recovering the cost of the investment over five years (MACRS). Beginning in 2023, when bonus depreciation reduces 20% annually through 2026 (see program description above), businesses can opt to deduct the remaining percentage immediately or the entire amount over five years under MACRS if they choose not to take the bonus depreciation deduction. Congressional Research Service 32 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs ~~to $1,500 per 0.5 kilowatts in capacity.~~
Investments in microturbines,Investments in microturbines, combined heat and power (CHP) systems,combined heat and power (CHP) systems, and and
geothermalgeothermal heat pumps qualify for a 10% ITC through 2023. heat pumps qualify for a 10% ITC through 2023.

With the passage of P.L. 116-260, offshore wind energy systemsWith the passage of P.L. 116-260, offshore wind energy systems under construction under construction
prior to 2026 are eligibleprior to 2026 are eligible for a 30% tax credit. for a 30% tax credit.

Technologies eligibleTechnologies eligible for the Production Tax Credit (PTC) are eligiblefor the Production Tax Credit (PTC) are eligible to opt for the to opt for the
ITC in lieu of the PTC if construction commencedITC in lieu of the PTC if construction commenced prior to January 1, 2021. prior to January 1, 2021.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Commercial; Commercial; industrial; utilities;industrial; utilities; agricultural agricultural
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Solar energy (solar water heat; solar space heat; solar thermal electric; Solar energy (solar water heat; solar space heat; solar thermal electric; solar thermal solar thermal
process heat; photovoltaics); hybrid (fiber-optic) solar lighting; process heat; photovoltaics); hybrid (fiber-optic) solar lighting; ~~small~~ smal wind; large wind; wind; large wind;
offshore wind; biomass; fuel offshore wind; biomass; fuel ~~cells~~cel s; geothermal; geothermal (electric,(electric, heat pumps, direct-use); heat pumps, direct-use);
CHP/Cogeneration; microturbines;CHP/Cogeneration; microturbines; waste energy recoverywaste energy recovery property property
For More Information For More Information
See IRS Form See IRS Form 3468 (Investment Credit); and CRS In Focus IF10479, 3468 (Investment Credit); and CRS In Focus IF10479, The Energy Credit
or Energy Investment Tax Credit (ITC), by , by ~~Molly~~Mol y F. Sherlock. F. Sherlock.
6. Energy Efficient ~~Commercial Buildings~~ Commercial Buildings Tax Deduction
Administered Administered by by
Internal Revenue Service Internal Revenue Service
Authority Authority
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C. §179D §179D

Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Tax ReliefTax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-432) and Health Care Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-432)
Energy ImprovementEnergy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343) and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343)
Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-295) Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-295)
Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113) Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113)
Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123) Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123)
Further Consolidated AppropriationsFurther Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L. 116-94) Act, 2020 (P.L. 116-94)
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260) Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260)
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
No termination date. This tax deduction was made permanent with passage of the No termination date. This tax deduction was made permanent with passage of the
Taxpayer Certainty and DisasterTaxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020 (DivisionTax Relief Act of 2020 (Division EE, section 102 of EE, section 102 of
the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, P.L.the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, P.L. 116-260).116-260).
Description Description
A tax deduction is available to owners A tax deduction is available to owners of new or existing buildings who of new or existing buildings who ~~install~~ instal (1) (1)
interiorinterior lighting, (2) building envelope,lighting, (2) building envelope, or (3) heating, cooling, ventilation, or hot or (3) heating, cooling, ventilation, or hot
water systems that reduce the building’s total energy and power cost by 50% or water systems that reduce the building’s total energy and power cost by 50% or
moremore in comparisonin comparison to a building meetingto a building meeting ~~minimum requirements~~ minimum requirements set by set by
ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1. ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1.
The maximumThe maximum ~~deduction allowed~~ deduction al owed is $1.80 per square foot. A reduced deduction is $1.80 per square foot. A reduced deduction
may be available if a single systemmay be available if a single system is upgraded (lighting, heating and cooling, or is upgraded (lighting, heating and cooling, or
building envelope) and the 50% reduction threshold is not met.building envelope) and the 50% reduction threshold is not met. Separate energy Separate energy
cost reduction percentage thresholds are specified for single-systemcost reduction percentage thresholds are specified for single-system upgrades. The maximum deduction for a single-system improvement ~~upgrades. The~~
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~~maximum deduction for a single-system improvement~~ is $0.60 per square foot. is $0.60 per square foot.
Government entitiesGovernment entities making energy-efficiency upgrades to public buildings, such as making energy-efficiency upgrades to public buildings, such as
schools,schools, ~~can allocate~~ can al ocate the Section 179D deduction to designers of energy-efficient the Section 179D deduction to designers of energy-efficient
commercialcommercial building property.building property.
With the passage of P.L. 116-260, this deduction is now adjusted With the passage of P.L. 116-260, this deduction is now adjusted ~~annually~~annual y for for
inflation (cost-of-living adjustment).inflation (cost-of-living adjustment).
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Commercial; Commercial; builder/developer;builder/developer; state government; federal government (deductions state government; federal government (deductions
associated with government buildings are transferred to the designer) associated with government buildings are transferred to the designer)
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Equipment insulation; water heaters; lighting; lighting controls/sensors; Equipment insulation; water heaters; lighting; lighting controls/sensors; ~~chillers~~ chil ers; ;
furnaces; boilers; heat pumps; air conditioners; caulking/weather-stripping; duct/air furnaces; boilers; heat pumps; air conditioners; caulking/weather-stripping; duct/air
sealing; building insulation; windows; doors; siding; roofs; comprehensive sealing; building insulation; windows; doors; siding; roofs; comprehensive
measures/wholemeasures/whole ~~building~~ building Congressional Research Service 33 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs
For More Information For More Information
See DOE’s 179D Commercial See DOE’s 179D Commercial Buildings Energy Efficiency Tax Deduction web page; Buildings Energy Efficiency Tax Deduction web page;
Energy Savings Modeling and Inspection Guidelines for Commercial Building Federal Tax
Deductions in 2016 or Later (September (September 2016) by the National Renewable Energy 2016) by the National Renewable Energy
Laboratory (NREL); and CRS Report R46451, Laboratory (NREL); and CRS Report R46451, Energy Tax Provisions Expiring in 2020,
2021, 2022, and 2023 (“Tax Extenders”),, ~~by Molly~~ by Mol y F. Sherlock, F. Sherlock, Margot L. Margot L. ~~Crandall-~~
~~Hollick,~~ Crandal -Hol ick, and Donald J. Marples. and Donald J. Marples.
7. Energy-Efficient New Homes Tax Credit for Home Builders
Administered Administered by by
Internal Revenue Service Internal Revenue Service
Authority Authority
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C. §45L §45L

Tax Technical Corrections Tax Technical Corrections Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-172) Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-172)
Energy ImprovementEnergy Improvement and Extension Ac of 2008 (EIEA; P.L. 110-343) and Extension Ac of 2008 (EIEA; P.L. 110-343)
Tax Relief,Tax Relief, ~~Unemployment~~ Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010
(P.L. 111-312) (P.L. 111-312)
AmericanAmerican Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA; P.L. 112-240) Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA; P.L. 112-240)
Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-295) Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-295)
Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113) Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113)
Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123) Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123)
Further Consolidated AppropriationsFurther Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L. 116-94) Act, 2020 (P.L. 116-94)
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260) Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260)
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
December December 31, 2021 31, 2021
Description Description
Contractors building energy-efficient homes and producers of manufactured energy- Contractors building energy-efficient homes and producers of manufactured energy-
efficient homes are eligibleefficient homes are eligible for a tax credit for each qualifying new home they build for a tax credit for each qualifying new home they build
that is purchased before 2022. The amount of the credit is equal to $2,000 per home that is purchased before 2022. The amount of the credit is equal to $2,000 per home
for homes built by contractors and $1,000 per manufactured home.for homes built by contractors and $1,000 per manufactured home.
To be eligible,To be eligible, an energy-efficient new home is required to have annual heating and an energy-efficient new home is required to have annual heating and
cooling consumption that is at least 50% (30% in the case of manufactured homes)cooling consumption that is at least 50% (30% in the case of manufactured homes)
below a comparable unit. The home is also required to be in accordance with the below a comparable unit. The home is also required to be in accordance with the
standards of the 2006 International Energy Conservations Code. Contractors and standards of the 2006 International Energy Conservations Code. Contractors and
manufacturers claimingmanufacturers claiming this credit are required to submit certification to an eligible this credit are required to submit certification to an eligible
certifiercertifier before claimingbefore claiming the credit. the credit.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Builder/developer Builder/developer
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Comprehensive Comprehensive measures/wholemeasures/whole building building
For More Information For More Information
See IRS Form See IRS Form 8908 (Energy Efficient Home Credit); and CRS Report R46451, 8908 (Energy Efficient Home Credit); and CRS Report R46451, Energy
Tax Provisions Expiring in 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 (“Tax Extenders”),, ~~by Molly~~ by Mol y F. F.
Sherlock,Sherlock, Margot L. Margot L. ~~Crandall-Hollick,~~ Crandal -Hol ick, and Donald J. Marples. and Donald J. Marples.
8. Renewable Electricity ~~Production~~ Production Tax Credit
Administered Administered by by
Internal Revenue Service Internal Revenue Service
Authority Authority
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C. ~~§45~~
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§45
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486)
Ticket to WorkTicket to Work and Workand Work Incentives ImprovementIncentives Improvement Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-170) Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-170)
Job Creation and WorkerJob Creation and Worker Assistance Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-147) Assistance Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-147)
WorkingWorking ~~Families~~ Families Tax ReliefTax Relief Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-311) Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-311)
AmericanAmerican Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-357) Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-357)
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Tax ReliefTax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-432) and Health Care Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-432)
Energy ImprovementEnergy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343) and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343)
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)
AmericanAmerican Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA; P.L. 112-240) Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA; P.L. 112-240)
Congressional Research Service 34 link to page 55 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-295) Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-295)
Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113) Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-113)
Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123) Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123)
Further Consolidated AppropriationsFurther Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L. 116-94) Act, 2020 (P.L. 116-94)
Consolidated AppropriationsConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260) Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260)
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
December December 31, 2021 31, 2021
Description Description
The federal renewable electricity The federal renewable electricity Production Tax Credit (PTC) is a per-kilowatt-hour Production Tax Credit (PTC) is a per-kilowatt-hour
tax credit for electricitytax credit for electricity generated by qualified energy resourcesgenerated by qualified energy resources and sold by the and sold by the
taxpayer to an unrelated person during the taxable year. The duration of the credit is taxpayer to an unrelated person during the taxable year. The duration of the credit is
10 years after the date the facility is placed in service10 years after the date the facility is placed in service ~~for all facilities~~ for al facilities placed in service placed in service
after August 8, 2005; unused credits may be carried forward for up to 20 years after August 8, 2005; unused credits may be carried forward for up to 20 years
~~following~~fol owing the year they were generated or carried the year they were generated or carried back one year if the taxpayer files back one year if the taxpayer files
an amended return. an amended return.

P.L. 116-260 extended the expiration date for this tax creditP.L. 116-260 extended the expiration date for this tax credit for one year to for one year to
DecemberDecember 31, 2021. Wind projects starting construction in either 2020 or 2021 31, 2021. Wind projects starting construction in either 2020 or 2021 ~~will~~
wil qualify for a production tax credit at 60% of the qualify for a production tax credit at 60% of the ~~full~~ ful rate on the electricityrate on the electricity produced produced
for 10 years. Tax credits for other technologies may be claimedfor 10 years. Tax credits for other technologies may be claimed at the at the ~~full rate.~~
ful rate. Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Commercial; Commercial; industrial industrial
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Wind ( Wind (~~all~~al ); biomass;); biomass; ~~landfill~~ landfil gas; hydroelectric;gas; hydroelectric; geothermal electric;geothermal electric; municipal solid municipal solid
waste; hydrokinetic power (i.e.,waste; hydrokinetic power (i.e., flowing water); anaerobic digestion; flowing water); anaerobic digestion; ~~small~~
smal hydroelectric; tidal energy; wave energy;hydroelectric; tidal energy; wave energy; ocean thermal ocean thermal
For More Information For More Information
See IRS Notice 2016-31; CRS Report R43453, The Renewable Electricity Production See IRS Notice 2016-31; CRS Report R43453, The Renewable Electricity Production
Tax Credit:Tax Credit: In Brief,In Brief, ~~by Molly~~ by Mol y F. Sherlock F. Sherlock.; and CRS Report R46451, Energy Tax ; and CRS Report R46451, Energy Tax
Provisions Expiring in 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 (“Tax Extenders”)Provisions Expiring in 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 (“Tax Extenders”)~~, by Molly~~, by Mol y F. F.
Sherlock,Sherlock, Margot L. Margot L. ~~Crandall-Hollick,~~ Crandal -Hol ick, and Donald J. Marples. and Donald J. Marples.
Cross-Cutting
9. Alternative Motor Vehicle Tax Credit
Administered Administered by by
Internal Revenue Service Internal Revenue Service
Authority Authority
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C. §30B §30B
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Energy ImprovementEnergy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343) and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343)
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L. 114-113) Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L. 114-113)
Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123) Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-123)
Further Consolidated AppropriationsFurther Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L. 116–94) Act, 2020 (P.L. 116–94)
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260) Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260)
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
December December 31, 2021, for fuel 31, 2021, for fuel ~~cell~~ cel motor vehiclesmotor vehicles only. Tax credits for only. Tax credits for ~~all~~ al other other
technology types have expired; seetechnology types have expired; see Table A-2Table A-2 in Appendix A for a complete list.in Appendix A for a complete list.
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Description Description
Enacted in the Energy Policy Act of 2005, this provision includes separate credits Enacted in the Energy Policy Act of 2005, this provision includes separate credits for for
four distinct types of vehicles:four distinct types of vehicles: ~~fuel cells,~~ fuel cel s, advanced lean burn technologies,advanced lean burn technologies, qualified qualified
hybrid and plug-in electrichybrid and plug-in electric technologies, and qualified alternative fuels technologies. technologies, and qualified alternative fuels technologies.
P.L. 116-260 extended the tax credit for fuel P.L. 116-260 extended the tax credit for fuel ~~cell vehicles~~ cel vehicles only through Decemberonly through December 31, 31,
2021. 2021.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Taxpayers/individuals Taxpayers/individuals
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Hybrid gasoline-electric; Hybrid gasoline-electric; diesel; battery-electric; alternative fuel and fuel diesel; battery-electric; alternative fuel and fuel ~~cell~~ cel vehicles; vehicles;
advanced lean-burn technology vehicles;advanced lean-burn technology vehicles; plug-in hybrid electricplug-in hybrid electric ~~vehicles~~ vehicles Congressional Research Service 35 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs
For More Information For More Information
See the IRS website for the Alternative See the IRS website for the Alternative Motor Vehicle Credit; IRS News Releases, Motor Vehicle Credit; IRS News Releases,
Fact Sheets and Legal Guidance on Hybrid Vehicles and AlternativeFact Sheets and Legal Guidance on Hybrid Vehicles and Alternative Motor Vehicles;Motor Vehicles;
IRS FormIRS Form 8910 for 2019, Alternative8910 for 2019, Alternative Motor Vehicle Credit; and IRS Instructions for Motor Vehicle Credit; and IRS Instructions for
FormForm 8910 (2019).8910 (2019).
IV. Department of the Interior
1. Energy and Mineral Development Program (EMDP): Minerals and Mining on
Indian Lands
Administered Administered by by
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA); Division Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA); Division of Energy and Mineral Developmentof Energy and Mineral Development (DEMD)(DEMD)
Authority Authority
Snyder Act of 1921 (P.L. 67-85), 25 U.S.C. Snyder Act of 1921 (P.L. 67-85), 25 U.S.C. §13 §13
Indian Self-DeterminationIndian Self-Determination and Education Assistanceand Education Assistance Act (P.L. 93-638), 25 U.S.C. §450 Act (P.L. 93-638), 25 U.S.C. §450
Indian Mineral DevelopmentIndian Mineral Development Act of 1982 (P.L. 97-382), 25 U.S.C. §§2101 et seq. Act of 1982 (P.L. 97-382), 25 U.S.C. §§2101 et seq.
~~Umatilla~~ Umatil a Basin Project Act (P.L. 100-557), 16 U.S.C. §§1271 et seq. Basin Project Act (P.L. 100-557), 16 U.S.C. §§1271 et seq.
Annual Funding Annual Funding
$12.87 $12.87 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2011 for FY2011
$12.7 $12.7 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2012 for FY2012
$12 $12 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2013 for FY2013
$9.62 $9.62 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2014 for FY2014
$5.14 $5.14 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2015 for FY2015
$6 $6 ~~million for FY2016~~
~~No data available for FY2017-FY2020~~mil ion for FY2016 $5.3 mil ion for FY2019 No data available for FY2017, FY2018, FY2020, or FY2021
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
None None
Description Description
Funding may be used to facilitate the inventory, assessment, Funding may be used to facilitate the inventory, assessment, promotion,promotion, and and
marketing of both renewable and nonrenewable energy and mineralmarketing of both renewable and nonrenewable energy and mineral ~~resources~~ resources on on
Indian lands. Funds are awarded competitivelyIndian lands. Funds are awarded competitively to support assessmentto support assessment and inventory and inventory
programs or to develop baseline data, but they cannot be used for development programs or to develop baseline data, but they cannot be used for development
purposes. purposes.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
~~Federally~~ Federal y recognized Indian tribes; individual Americanrecognized Indian tribes; individual American Indian mineralIndian mineral owners owners
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Renewable energy technologies Renewable energy technologies
For More Information For More Information
See BIA’s See BIA’s Energy and Mineral DevelopmentEnergy and Mineral Development Program (EMDP) website; and program Program (EMDP) website; and program
number 15.038 at the number 15.038 at the ~~beta.~~SAM.gov websiteSAM.gov website.
~~2. Tribal~~ ; or contact the Division of Energy and Mineral Development at (303) 969-5270. 2. Tribal Energy Development Capacity (TEDC) Grant Program
Administered Administered by by
Bureau of Indian Affairs Bureau of Indian Affairs
Authority Authority
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486)
Indian Tribal Energy Resource DevelopmentIndian Tribal Energy Resource Development and Self-Determinationand Self-Determination Act of 2005 Act of 2005
(Title V of Energy Policy Act of 2005; P.L. 109-58) (Title V of Energy Policy Act of 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Annual Funding Annual Funding
$250,000 for FY2011 $250,000 for FY2011
$0 for FY2012$0 for FY2012
$400,000 for FY2013 (est.) $400,000 for FY2013 (est.)
$700,000 for FY2014$700,000 for FY2014
$1.56 $1.56 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2015 $1.4 mil ion for FY2016 $1.7 mil ion for FY2017 $1 mil ion for FY2019 No data available for FY2018, FY2020, or FY2021 Scheduled Termination None~~for FY2015~~
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~~$1.4 million for FY2016~~
~~No data available for FY2017-FY2020~~
~~Scheduled Termination~~
~~None~~
Description Description
This program provides This program provides grants to Indian tribes to (1) develop and sustain the grants to Indian tribes to (1) develop and sustain the
managerial and technical capacity needed to develop their energy resources;managerial and technical capacity needed to develop their energy resources; and (2) and (2)
properly account for resulting energy production and revenues. properly account for resulting energy production and revenues.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Tribal governments Tribal governments
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Renewable energy technologies Renewable energy technologies
For More Information For More Information
See program number 15.148 at the See program number 15.148 at the ~~beta.~~SAM.gov website; BIA’s Tribal Energy SAM.gov website; BIA’s Tribal Energy
DevelopmentDevelopment Capacity Grant ProgramCapacity Grant Program website; or contact website; or contact ~~IEED,~~ the Divisionthe Division of
~~Indian Energy at (202) 219-0740~~ of Energy and Mineral Development at (303) 969-5270. .
V. Small Business Administration
1. 7(a) Loan Guarantees
Administered Administered by by
~~Small~~ Smal Business AdministrationBusiness Administration (SBA) (SBA)
Authority Authority
~~Small~~ Smal Business Act of 1953 (P.L. 83-163) Business Act of 1953 (P.L. 83-163)
Annual Funding Annual Funding
7(a) loan guaranty administrative 7(a) loan guaranty administrative costs are funded through the SBA’scosts are funded through the SBA’s appropriation appropriation
for business loan administrationfor business loan administration. ($159.5 ($159.5 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2010, $152.694 in FY2010, $152.694 ~~million~~ mil ion in in
FY2011, $147.958 FY2011, $147.958 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2012, $140.219 in FY2012, $140.219 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2013 (after in FY2013 (after
sequestration), $151.560 sequestration), $151.560 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2014, $147.726 in FY2014, $147.726 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2015, $152.726 in FY2015, $152.726
~~million~~ mil ion in FY2016, $152.726 in FY2016, $152.726 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2017, $152.782 in FY2017, $152.782 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2018, in FY2018, ~~and~~
$155.150 $155.150 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2019 and FY2020in FY2019 and FY2020).
, and $160.3 mil ion in FY2021). The SBA reports that it spent $95.090 The SBA reports that it spent $95.090 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2010, $88 in FY2010, $88 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2011, in FY2011,
$93.640 $93.640 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2012, $75.390 in FY2012, $75.390 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2013, $66.578 in FY2013, $66.578 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2014, in FY2014,
$63.013 $63.013 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2015, $75.791 in FY2015, $75.791 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2016, $82.173 in FY2017, $89.785 in FY2016, $82.173 in FY2017, $89.785
~~million~~ mil ion in FY2018, in FY2018, ~~and $91.569 million in FY2019~~$91.569 mil ion in FY2019, and $71.723 mil ion in FY2020 on 7(a) loan administration. on 7(a) loan administration. The The
SBA has budgeted $SBA has budgeted $~~95.871 million~~ 83.338 mil ion for 7(a) loan administration in for 7(a) loan administration in ~~FY2020~~FY2021. .
In addition, the 7(a) loan guaranty program was provided $80 In addition, the 7(a) loan guaranty program was provided $80 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2010, $80 in FY2010, $80
~~million~~ mil ion in FY2011, $139.4 in FY2011, $139.4 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2012, in FY2012, ~~and $213.8 million in FY2013 (after~~
~~sequestration) for loan credit subsidies.~~
$213.8 mil ion (after sequestration) in FY2013, $99.0 mil ion in FY2020, and $15 mil ion in FY2021 for loan credit subsidies. No funding was provided for loan credit subsidies for FY2014 through FY2019. Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
None None
Description Description
This program guarantees loans from lenders This program guarantees loans from lenders ~~to small~~ to smal businesses that are unable to businesses that are unable to
obtain financing on reasonable termsobtain financing on reasonable terms and conditions in the private credit and conditions in the private credit
marketplace,marketplace, but can demonstrate an ability to repay loans if granted, in a timely but can demonstrate an ability to repay loans if granted, in a timely
manner. Guaranteed loans are made available to for-profit manner. Guaranteed loans are made available to for-profit ~~small~~ smal businesses.businesses. The The
SBA’sSBA’s 7(a) lending authority includes (1) regular7(a) lending authority includes (1) regular 7(a); (2) SBAExpress Program; (3) 7(a); (2) SBAExpress Program; (3)
the CapLines Program; (4) the CapLines Program; (4) ~~Small~~Smal /Rural/Rural Lender Advantage initiative; (5) Export Lender Advantage initiative; (5) Export
Express Program; (6) Export WorkingExpress Program; (6) Export Working Capital Program; (7) International Trade; and Capital Program; (7) International Trade; and
(8) Community Advantage initiatives. (8) Community Advantage initiatives.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
~~Small~~ Smal businesses meeting the size and eligibilitybusinesses meeting the size and eligibility standards standards
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Not Not ~~specifically~~ specifical y listed listed
For More Information For More Information
See CRS Report R41146, See CRS Report R41146, ~~Small~~ Smal Business AdministrationBusiness Administration 7(a) Loan Guaranty7(a) Loan Guaranty
~~Program, by~~ Program, by Robert Jay Dilger;Robert Jay Dilger; the SBA website; and program number 59.012 at the the SBA website; and program number 59.012 at the
~~beta.~~SAM.gov website. SAM.gov website.
2. 504 Loan Guarantees
Administered Administered by by
~~Small~~ Smal Business AdministrationBusiness Administration (SBA) (SBA)
Authority Authority
~~Small~~ Smal Business Investment Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-699) Business Investment Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-699)
Annual Funding Annual Funding
504 loan guaranty administrative 504 loan guaranty administrative costs are funded through the SBA’scosts are funded through the SBA’s appropriation appropriation
for business loan administration ($159.5 for business loan administration ($159.5 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2010, $152.694 in FY2010, $152.694 ~~million~~ mil ion in in
FY2011, $147.958 FY2011, $147.958 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2012, $140.219 in FY2012, $140.219 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2013 (after sequestration), $151.560 mil ion in FY2014, $147.726 mil ion in FY2015, $152.726~~in FY2013 (after~~
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~~sequestration), $151.560 million in FY2014, $147.726 million in FY2015, $152.726~~
~~million in FY2016, $152.726 million in FY2017, $152.782 million in FY2018, and~~
~~$155.150 million in FY2019 and FY2020).~~
mil ion in FY2016, $152.726 mil ion in FY2017, $152.782 mil ion in FY2018, $155.150 mil ion in FY2019 and FY2020, and $160.3 mil ion in FY2021). The SBA reports that it spent $36.232 The SBA reports that it spent $36.232 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2010, $38.888 in FY2010, $38.888 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2011, in FY2011,
$39.612 $39.612 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2012, $40.474 in FY2012, $40.474 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2013, $39.410 in FY2013, $39.410 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2014, in FY2014,
$40.018 $40.018 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2015, $29.998 in FY2015, $29.998 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2016, $30.676 in FY2016, $30.676 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2017, in FY2017,
$38.792 $38.792 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2018, in FY2018, ~~and $38.355 million in FY2019~~ $38.355 mil ion in FY2019, and $32.778 mil ion in FY2020 on 504 loan administrativeon 504 loan administrative
costs. The SBA has budgeted $costs. The SBA has budgeted $~~40.117 million~~ 37.424 mil ion for 504 loan administration in for 504 loan administration in ~~FY2020~~FY2021. .
In addition, the 504 loan guaranty program was provided $67.7 In addition, the 504 loan guaranty program was provided $67.7 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2012, in FY2012,
$98.1 $98.1 ~~million in FY2013~~ mil ion (after sequestration)(after sequestration) in FY2013, $107.0 , $107.0 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2014, and $45.0 in FY2014, and $45.0
~~million~~ mil ion in FY2015 for loan subsidy costs. in FY2015 for loan subsidy costs.
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
None None
Description Description
This program provides This program provides long-term fixed rate financing for majorlong-term fixed rate financing for major fixed assets,fixed assets, such as such as
land, buildings, equipment, and machinery. Of the total project costs, a third-party land, buildings, equipment, and machinery. Of the total project costs, a third-party
lender must provide at least 50% of the financing; the Certified Development lender must provide at least 50% of the financing; the Certified Development
Company provides up to 40% of the financing through a 100% SBA-guaranteed Company provides up to 40% of the financing through a 100% SBA-guaranteed
debenture; and the applicant provides at least 10% of the financing. Qualified debenture; and the applicant provides at least 10% of the financing. Qualified
projects are required to modernizeprojects are required to modernize or upgrade facilitiesor upgrade facilities by (1) reducing energy use by (1) reducing energy use
by at least 10%; (2) employing sustainable or low-impact design that reduces fossil by at least 10%; (2) employing sustainable or low-impact design that reduces fossil
fuel use; (3) planning, equipping, and/or fuel use; (3) planning, equipping, and/or ~~installing~~instal ing process upgrades or renewable process upgrades or renewable
energy sources; or (4) supporting renewable fuels production by biodieselenergy sources; or (4) supporting renewable fuels production by biodiesel and and
ethanol producers. ethanol producers.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
~~Small~~ Smal businesses meeting the size and eligibilitybusinesses meeting the size and eligibility standards standards
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Fossil Fossil fuels; energy efficiency equipment; renewable energy sources (unspecified); fuels; energy efficiency equipment; renewable energy sources (unspecified);
renewable fuels,renewable fuels, including biodieselincluding biodiesel and ethanol and ethanol
For More Information For More Information
See CRS Report R41184, See CRS Report R41184, ~~Small~~ Smal Business AdministrationBusiness Administration 504/CDC Loan Guaranty 504/CDC Loan Guaranty
~~Program,~~ Program, by Robert Jay Dilger;by Robert Jay Dilger; the SBAthe SBA website; and program number 59.041 at the website; and program number 59.041 at the
~~beta.~~SAM.gov website. SAM.gov website.
VI. U.S. Department of Housing and
Urban Development
1. Energy Efficient Mortgages (EEMs)
Administered Administered by by
Federal Federal Housing AdministrationHousing Administration (FHA) and Department of Veterans Affairs(FHA) and Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). (VA).
Conventional mortgages:Conventional mortgages: Private lenders that Private lenders that ~~sell~~ sel mortgage loans to Fannie Mae or mortgage loans to Fannie Mae or
FreddieFreddie Mac may also offer Energy Efficient Mortgages (EEMs). Mac may also offer Energy Efficient Mortgages (EEMs).
Authority Authority
EEMs were EEMs were ~~initially~~ initial y introduced by lenders introduced by lenders in the 1980s. In 1992, three pieces of in the 1980s. In 1992, three pieces of
legislationlegislation passed by Congress workedpassed by Congress worked ~~towards~~ toward standardizing and expanding the use standardizing and expanding the use
of EEMs. In 1992, Congress established an FHA Energy Efficient Mortgage Pilot of EEMs. In 1992, Congress established an FHA Energy Efficient Mortgage Pilot
Program (P.L. 102-550). The program was later expanded beyond five states to Program (P.L. 102-550). The program was later expanded beyond five states to
become a national program.become a national program. The Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 The Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008
(HERA; P.L.(HERA; P.L. 110-289) increased the maximum110-289) increased the maximum amount that can be added to an FHA amount that can be added to an FHA
mortgage for energy efficient improvements.mortgage for energy efficient improvements. The 111th Congress included incentives The 111th Congress included incentives
to encourage green home improvementsto encourage green home improvements in the Americanin the American Recovery and Recovery and
Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L.Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5). 111-5).
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
None None
Description Description
Homeowners Homeowners can take advantage of EEMs to finance a variety of energy efficiency can take advantage of EEMs to finance a variety of energy efficiency
measures,measures, including renewableincluding renewable energy technologies, in a new or existing home.energy technologies, in a new or existing home. The The
federal government directly providesfederal government directly provides these loans through the FHA and VA lending these loans through the FHA and VA lending
programs.programs. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac ~~will~~ wil also purchase EEMs from primary also purchase EEMs from primary
lenders.lenders. ~~Primary~~ Primary lenders may issue EEMs that do not conform to underwriting lenders may issue EEMs that do not conform to underwriting
standards. standards.
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Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
The loan is available to anyone who meets the income The loan is available to anyone who meets the income ~~requirements~~ requirements for FHA’s for FHA’s
Section 203 (b) program, provided the applicant can meet the monthly mortgage Section 203 (b) program, provided the applicant can meet the monthly mortgage
payments. New and existing owner-occupied homespayments. New and existing owner-occupied homes of up to two units qualify for of up to two units qualify for
this loan. Cooperative units are not eligible.this loan. Cooperative units are not eligible. VA: available to qualified military VA: available to qualified military
personnel,personnel, reservists,reservists, and veterans; Conventional: Applicants qualifying for a and veterans; Conventional: Applicants qualifying for a
conventional mortgage are also eligibleconventional mortgage are also eligible for an energy efficient mortgage. for an energy efficient mortgage.
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Passive solar space heat; solar water heat; solar Passive solar space heat; solar water heat; solar space heat; photovoltaics; space heat; photovoltaics;
daylighting; and other technologies not daylighting; and other technologies not ~~specifically~~ specifical y identified identified
For More Information For More Information
See the HUD, RESNET (Residential Energy Services See the HUD, RESNET (Residential Energy Services Network), Energy Star, and Network), Energy Star, and
DSIRE websites. DSIRE websites.
2. FHA PowerSaver Loan Program
Administered Administered by by
Federal Federal Housing AdministrationHousing Administration (FHA) (FHA)
Authority Authority
No statutory authority. HUD developed the PowerSaver as part of the No statutory authority. HUD developed the PowerSaver as part of the Recovery
Through Retrofit initiative launched in May 2009 by the White House Task Force on initiative launched in May 2009 by the White House Task Force on
Middle Class WorkingMiddle Class Working ~~Families~~ Families to develop federalto develop federal actions for expanding green job actions for expanding green job
opportunities in the United States and boosting energy savings by improvingopportunities in the United States and boosting energy savings by improving home home
energy efficiency. energy efficiency.
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
PowerSaver PowerSaver began as a nationwide two-year pilot program, launching in 2011. No began as a nationwide two-year pilot program, launching in 2011. No
termination date for this program is listed in online government information termination date for this program is listed in online government information
sources identified at this time.sources identified at this time.
Description Description
PowerSaver PowerSaver offers FHA-backed loans, with three financing options for homeowners offers FHA-backed loans, with three financing options for homeowners
to make energy efficiency and renewableto make energy efficiency and renewable energy upgrades in their residences:energy upgrades in their residences: (1) (1)
PowerSaverPowerSaver Home Energy Upgrade (up to $7,500) for Home Energy Upgrade (up to $7,500) for ~~smaller~~ smal er projects; (2) projects; (2)
PowerSaverPowerSaver Second Mortgage (Title I, up to $25,000) forSecond Mortgage (Title I, up to $25,000) for larger retrofit projects; larger retrofit projects;
and (3) PowerSaverand (3) PowerSaver Energy Rehab (203(k)). This 203(k) loan is for homeEnergy Rehab (203(k)). This 203(k) loan is for home purchase purchase
or refinance, targeting either home buyers wishing to combineor refinance, targeting either home buyers wishing to combine home improvements home improvements
with a home purchases or to homeownerswith a home purchases or to homeowners wishing to include home improvements wishing to include home improvements
when refinancing an existing mortgage.when refinancing an existing mortgage. For the 203(k), current loan limitsFor the 203(k), current loan limits for a for a
single-unit property vary by area fromsingle-unit property vary by area from $217,500 to $625,000. For $217,500 to $625,000. For ~~all~~ al three three
PowerSaverPowerSaver products, borrowersproducts, borrowers must select from a listmust select from a list of approved PowerSaver of approved PowerSaver
lenders. lenders.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
These loans are available to homeowners These loans are available to homeowners who meet the who meet the ~~following~~ fol owing criteria:criteria: a a
minimumminimum credit scorecredit score of 660 and a maximumof 660 and a maximum total debt to incometotal debt to income ratio of 45% ratio of 45%
(monthly income divided by monthly debt payments). Eligible housing is limited(monthly income divided by monthly debt payments). Eligible housing is limited to to
single unit homes that must be owner-occupied. single unit homes that must be owner-occupied.
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Energy efficient improvements, Energy efficient improvements, ~~including installation~~ including instal ation of insulation, duct sealing, of insulation, duct sealing,
replacementreplacement doors and windows, HVAC systems,doors and windows, HVAC systems, water heaters, home automation water heaters, home automation
systemssystems and controls (e.g.,and controls (e.g., smart thermostats),smart thermostats), solar panels, solarsolar panels, solar thermal hot water thermal hot water
systems,systems, ~~small~~ smal wind power,wind power, and geothermaland geothermal systems. systems.
For More Information For More Information
See EERE’s See EERE’s ~~factsheet~~fact sheet; DSIRE website; and FHA’s; DSIRE website; and FHA’s approved list of lendersapproved list of lenders for for
PowerSaver. PowerSaver.
VII. Department of Health and Human Services
1. Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)
Administered Administered by by
Administration Administration For Children and Families For Children and Families
Office of Community Services,Office of Community Services, ~~Division~~ Division of Energy Assistance of Energy Assistance
Authority Authority
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 (P.L. 97-35), Title XXVI, §2602Act of 1981 (P.L. 97-35), Title XXVI, §2602
The Human ServicesThe Human Services ~~Amendments~~ Amendments of 1994 (P.L. 103-252), Title III, §§302–304(a), of 1994 (P.L. 103-252), Title III, §§302–304(a),
311(c)(1) 311(c)(1)
Community Opportunities, Accountability, and Training and Educational ServicesCommunity Opportunities, Accountability, and Training and Educational Services Act of Act of
1998 (P.L. 105-285), Title III, §302, 1998 (P.L. 105-285), Title III, §302,
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Energy Policy Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-58), Title I, Subtitle B, §121(a)) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-58), Title I, Subtitle B, §121(a))
Annual Funding Annual Funding
$4.7 $4.7 ~~billion~~bil ion for FY2011 for FY2011
$3.47 $3.47 ~~billion~~bil ion for FY2012 for FY2012
$3.29 $3.29 ~~billion~~bil ion for FY2013 for FY2013
$3.43 $3.43 ~~billion~~bil ion for FY2014 for FY2014
$3.39 $3.39 ~~billion~~bil ion for FY2015 for FY2015
$3.37 $3.37 ~~billion~~bil ion for FY2016 for FY2016
$3.39 $3.39 ~~billion~~bil ion for FY2017 for FY2017
$3.64 $3.64 ~~billion~~bil ion for FY2018 for FY2018
$3.65 $3.65 ~~billion~~bil ion for FY2019 for FY2019
$4.64 $4.64 ~~billion for FY202026~~bil ion for FY202035 $8.2 bil ion for FY202136
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination None None
Description Description
LIHEAP is a federal LIHEAP is a federal program that helps low-incomeprogram that helps low-income households pay for heating or households pay for heating or
cooling their homes. In most states, it also helps people make sure their homes are cooling their homes. In most states, it also helps people make sure their homes are
moremore energy efficient by paying for certain home improvements,energy efficient by paying for certain home improvements, known as known as
weatherization. weatherization.
Funds are Funds are ~~allotted~~al otted to states, tribes, to states, tribes, and territoriesand territories according to a formulaaccording to a formula prescribed by prescribed by
the LIHEAP statute. State, tribal, and territorialthe LIHEAP statute. State, tribal, and territorial governments manage the day-to-day governments manage the day-to-day
details of the program,details of the program, including the award of assistance to eligibleincluding the award of assistance to eligible applicants. applicants.
The LIHEAP statute limitsThe LIHEAP statute limits the amount of funds that each grantee (state, tribe, or the amount of funds that each grantee (state, tribe, or
territory)territory) may spend on weatherization to 15% of the funds available, or up to 25% with may spend on weatherization to 15% of the funds available, or up to 25% with
a waiver from HHS.a waiver from HHS. However,However, in cases of floods or natural disasters,in cases of floods or natural disasters, work can be done work can be done
under the crisisunder the crisis part of the grantee’s LIHEAP program,part of the grantee’s LIHEAP program, thus bypassing the thus bypassing the
weatherization limits. weatherization limits.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
State and tribal governments, State and tribal governments, including U.S. territories including U.S. territories
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies Weatherization technologiesWeatherization technologies include a wide range of energy efficiency measuresinclude a wide range of energy efficiency measures for for
retrofitting homes and apartment buildings. Typical measuresretrofitting homes and apartment buildings. Typical measures may include may include ~~installing~~instal ing
insulation; sealing ducts; tuning and repairinginsulation; sealing ducts; tuning and repairing broken or inefficient heating and cooling broken or inefficient heating and cooling
systemssystems and if indicated, replacing the same; mitigating air infiltration; and reducing and if indicated, replacing the same; mitigating air infiltration; and reducing
electricelectric base load consumption. base load consumption.
For More Information For More Information
See CRS Report RL31865, LIHEAP: Program and Funding See CRS Report RL31865, LIHEAP: Program and Funding, , by Libby Perl. 35 T he Office of Community Services (OCS), ~~by Libby Perl; and the LIHEAP~~
~~Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) website.~~
~~VIII. Department of Veterans Affairs~~
~~1. Energy Efficient Mortgages (EEMs)~~
~~Administered by~~
~~FHA and VA. Conventional mortgages: Private lenders that sell mortgage loans to~~
~~Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac may also offer EEMs~~
~~Authority~~
~~EEMs were initially introduced by lenders in the 1980s. In 1992, three pieces of~~
~~legislation passed by Congress worked towards standardizing and expanding the use~~

~~26 The Office of Community Services (OCS),~~ Division of Energy Assistance (DEA), initially released approximately Division of Energy Assistance (DEA), initially released approximately
$3.32 billion of FY2020 regular$3.32 billion of FY2020 regular block grant funding to LIHEAP grantees on November 1, 2019. block grant funding to LIHEAP grantees on November 1, 2019. ~~This~~T his funding was funding was
provided under the Continuing Appropriations Resolution 2020, and Health Extenders Act of 2019, (P.L. 116provided under the Continuing Appropriations Resolution 2020, and Health Extenders Act of 2019, (P.L. 116 -59). A -59). A
second release of $381 million wassecond release of $381 million was appropriated under the Further Consolidated Appropriations Actappropriated under the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act , 2020 (P.L. 116-, 2020 (P.L. 116-
94) and announced on February94) and announced on February 27, 2020. A third round of funding27, 2020. A third round of funding of $37 million wasof $37 million was ~~released~~ released on April 3, 2020on April 3, 2020, under under
the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L.the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L. 116-94). Finally, an additional $900 million in supplemental 116-94). Finally, an additional $900 million in supplemental
fundingfunding ~~was~~ was appropriated for FY2020 under the CARESappropriated for FY2020 under the CARES Act (P.L. 116-136) on March 27. 2020.Act (P.L. 116-136) on March 27. 2020. ~~Those~~ T hose funds were funds were
releasedreleased on May 8, 2020. on May 8, 2020. ~~The CARES~~ T he CARES Act allowsAct allows LIHEAP grantees to carryover up to 100% of the supplemental LIHEAP grantees to carryover up to 100% of the supplemental
fundingfunding for obligation in FY2021. Grantees must obligate at leastfor obligation in FY2021. Grantees must obligate at least 90% of the 90% of the ~~non-supplemental~~nonsupplemental FY2020 funding by FY2020 funding by
September 30, 2020. September 30, 2020.

~~Congressional Research Service~~

39

~~Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs~~

~~of EEMs. In 1992, Congress established an FHA~~ 36 OCS’ Division of Energy Assistance initially released approximately $3.36 billion of FY2021 regular block grant funding to LIHEAP grantees on November 5, 2020. T his funding was provided under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Extensions Act (P.L. 116-159). A second release of $346 million was appropriated by Congress under the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260), signed into law on December 27, 2020. A third round of $4.5 billion in supplemental LIHEAP funding for FY2021 was announced on May 4, 2021. T hese supplemental funds were appropriated under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 ( ARPA; P.L. 117-2). Congressional Research Service 40 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs VIII. Department of Veterans Affairs 1. Energy Efficient Mortgages (EEMs) Administered by FHA and VA. Conventional mortgages: Private lenders that sel mortgage loans to Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac may also offer EEMs Authority EEMs were initial y introduced by lenders in the 1980s. In 1992, three pieces of legislation passed by Congress worked toward standardizing and expanding the use of EEMs. In 1992, Congress established an FHA Energy Efficient Mortgage Pilot Energy Efficient Mortgage Pilot
Program (P.L. 102-550). The program was later expanded beyond five states to Program (P.L. 102-550). The program was later expanded beyond five states to
become a national program. The Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 become a national program. The Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008
(HERA; P.L. 110-289) increased the maximum amount that can be added to an FHA (HERA; P.L. 110-289) increased the maximum amount that can be added to an FHA
mortgage for energy efficient improvements.mortgage for energy efficient improvements. The 111th Congress included incentives The 111th Congress included incentives
to encourage green home improvementsto encourage green home improvements in the Americanin the American Recovery and Reinvestment Recovery and Reinvestment
Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5). Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5).
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
None None
Description Description
Homeowners Homeowners can take advantage of EEMs to finance a variety of energy efficiency can take advantage of EEMs to finance a variety of energy efficiency
measures,measures, including renewableincluding renewable energy technologies, in a new or existing home.energy technologies, in a new or existing home. The The
U.S. federal government directlyU.S. federal government directly provides these loans through the FHA and VA provides these loans through the FHA and VA
lending programs.lending programs. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac ~~will~~ wil also purchase EEMs from primary also purchase EEMs from primary
lenders.lenders. ~~Primary~~ Primary lenders may issue EEMs that do not conform to underwriting lenders may issue EEMs that do not conform to underwriting
standards. standards.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
The loan is available to anyone who meets the income The loan is available to anyone who meets the income ~~requirements~~ requirements for FHA’s for FHA’s
Section 203 (b) program, provided the applicant can meet the monthly mortgage Section 203 (b) program, provided the applicant can meet the monthly mortgage
payments. New and existing owner-occupied homespayments. New and existing owner-occupied homes of up to two units qualify for this of up to two units qualify for this
loan. Cooperative units are not eligible.loan. Cooperative units are not eligible. VA: available to qualified militaryVA: available to qualified military personnel, personnel,
reservists,reservists, and veterans; Conventional: applicants qualifying for a conventional and veterans; Conventional: applicants qualifying for a conventional
mortgage are also eligiblemortgage are also eligible for an energy efficient mortgage. for an energy efficient mortgage.
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Passive solar space heat; solar water heat; solar Passive solar space heat; solar water heat; solar space heat; photovoltaics; daylighting; space heat; photovoltaics; daylighting;
and other technologies not and other technologies not ~~specifically~~ specifical y identified identified
For More Information For More Information
See the HUD, RESNET, Energy Star, and DSIRE websites. See the HUD, RESNET, Energy Star, and DSIRE websites.
IX. Fannie Mae
1. Fannie Mae Green Initiative-Loan Program
Administered Administered by by
Fannie Mae Fannie Mae
Authority Authority
Housing and Urban Development Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 (P.L. 90-448) Act of 1968 (P.L. 90-448)
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination None None
Description Description
This program provides This program provides owners of multifamilyowners of multifamily ~~properties~~ properties (rental or cooperative (rental or cooperative
propertiesproperties with five or morewith five or more units) with units) with ~~three~~two financing options financing options ~~and~~,37 as wel as tools to make tools to make
energy- and water-saving property improvements:energy- and water-saving property improvements:
 
The The Green Rewards program provides up to an additional 5% of loan proceeds by program provides up to an additional 5% of loan proceeds by
including up to including up to 5075% of projected% of projected owner energy and water savings energy and water savings and 25% of projected tenant savings in the loan underwriting. in the loan underwriting.
Selected property upgrades must be completed within 12 months of loan closing. Selected property upgrades must be completed within 12 months of loan closing.
 
The The Green ~~Preservation Plus~~ ~~program provides additional loan proceeds to~~
~~Multifamily Affordable Housing (MAH) properties by allowing up to an 85% Loan-~~
~~to-Value (LTV) ratio; lower Debt-Service-Credit-Ratio (DSCR) up to five basis~~
~~points lower than standard rates; and access to property’s equity amount equal to~~
~~investments in efficiency. Energy- and water-saving improvements must equal at~~
~~least 5% of the original mortgage loan amount.~~

~~The Green Building Certification Pricing Break provides the 10-basis-point pricing break~~
~~to any acquisition or refinance loan on a conventional or affordable property that~~
~~has a current, eligible Green Building Certification.~~
~~Qualified Applicant(s)~~
~~Only multifamily properties are eligible for the program.~~
~~Qualified Technologies Clothes washers, dishwashers, dehumidifiers, water heaters, lighting, furnaces, boilers,~~
~~heat pumps, air conditioners, caulking/weather-stripping, duct/air sealing, building~~
~~insulation, windows, roofs, comprehensive measures/whole~~ Building Certification financing option provides preferential pricing on loans secured by a multifamily property with a Fannie Mae-recognized green building certification. Fannie Mae currently recognizes 40 Green Building 37 T he third financing option previously available, Fannie Mae’s Green Preservation Plus product, was retired in November 2018. See Fannie Mae’s Fannie Mae Multifamily Green Bond Framework (July 2020, p.5) Congressional Research Service 41 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs Certifications from 13 Green Building Certification organizations.38 Depending on the type of certification secured, loans can be used toward a newly constructed or retrofitted multifamily property. Qualified Applicant(s) Only multifamily properties are eligible for the program. Qualified Technologies Clothes washers, dishwashers, dehumidifiers, water heaters, lighting, furnaces, boilers, heat pumps, air conditioners, caulking/weather-stripping, duct/air sealing, building insulation, windows, roofs, comprehensive measures/whole building, custom/others building, custom/others
pending approval, insulation, tankless water heaters pending approval, insulation, tankless water heaters
For More Information For More Information
See the Fannie Mae and DSIRE websites See the Fannie Mae and DSIRE websites.
~~Congressional Research Service~~

40

~~link to page 53~~ ~~Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs~~
; Fannie’s Mae’s Multifamily Green Financing fact sheet; and Fannie Mae’s Green Building Certifications At-A-Glance fact sheet. 38 For a list of the Green Building Certificat ions and certification organizations, see Fannie’s Mae’s Green Building Certification fact sheet, published in February 2020. Congressional Research Service 42 link to page 55 link to page 55 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs
Appendix A. Summary of Federal Renewable
Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives/Index of
Programs
Table A-1. Federal Incentives by Agency
Administering
U.S. Code
~~FY2020a~~FY2021a
Expiration
Agency
Program
Description
Citation
Appropriations
Date
Department of Department of
Advanced Advanced
Develops Develops and supports the and supports the
42 U.S.C. 42 U.S.C.
$ $~~395 million~~396 mil ion
None None
Energy Energy
Manufacturing Manufacturing
commercialization commercialization of new of new
§§17111 et §§17111 et
Office (formerly Office (formerly
energy efficient energy efficient
seq. seq.
Industrial Industrial
technologies to improve technologies to improve
Technologies Technologies
industrial efficiency while industrial efficiency while
Program) Program)
increasing productivity increasing productivity
Advanced Advanced
Grants to finance Grants to finance
42 U.S.C. 42 U.S.C.
$ $~~390 million~~392 mil ion
Program Program
Research Projects Research Projects
sophisticated energy sophisticated energy
§16538 §16538
evaluation after evaluation after
Energy Financial Energy Financial
technology R&D projects technology R&D projects to to
FY2012 FY2012
Assistance Assistance
accelerate transformational accelerate transformational
Program (ARPA-E) technology advances Program (ARPA-E) technology advances
Bioenergy Bioenergy
Grants to develop cost- Grants to develop cost-
42 U.S.C. 42 U.S.C.
$ $~~259.5 million~~255 mil ion
None None
Technologies Technologies
effective technologies and effective technologies and
§16232 §16232
Office (formerly Office (formerly
systems systems to transform to transform
Biomass Biomass and and
domestic domestic biomass biomass
Biorefinery Biorefinery
resources resources into biofuels, into biofuels,
Systems Systems R&D R&D
bioproducts, and biopower bioproducts, and biopower
Program) Program)
Building Building
Provides financial and Provides financial and
42 U.S.C. 42 U.S.C.
$ $~~285 million~~290 mil ion
None None
Technologies Technologies
technical assistance to technical assistance to
§§17061- §§17061-
Office Office
improve improve efficiency of efficiency of
17124 17124
buildings and the buildings and the
equipment, components, equipment, components,
and systemsand systems within them Electricity Delivery Grants to develop cost- 42 U.S.C. $193.7 mil ion~~within them~~
~~Conservation~~
~~Grants to finance long-~~
~~42 U.S.C.~~
~~$88.5 million~~
~~None~~
~~Research and~~
~~terms R&D efforts in~~
~~§§5901 et~~
~~(est.)~~
~~Development~~
~~buildings, industrial,~~
~~seq.~~
~~Grant Program~~
~~vehicles, and hydrogen/fuel~~
~~cell technologies~~
~~Electricity Delivery Grants to develop cost-~~
~~42 U.S.C.~~
~~$173 million~~
None None
and Energy and Energy
effective technology to effective technology to
§§17381 et §§17381 et
Reliability, Reliability,
enhance the reliability, enhance the reliability,
seq. seq.
Research, Research,
efficiency, and resiliency efficiency, and resiliency of of
Development Development and and
the electric the electric grid grid
Analysis Analysis Grant Program~~Grant~~
~~Program~~
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~~Administering~~
~~U.S. Code~~
~~FY2020a~~
~~Expiration~~
~~Agency~~
~~Program~~
~~Description~~
~~Citation~~
~~Appropriations~~
~~Date~~
Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency
Provides financial Provides financial
See Notes See Notes
$ $~~8.1million (est.)~~
0 None None
and Renewable and Renewable
assistance to stimulate assistance to stimulate
f~~ieldb~~fieldb
Energy Energy
increased usage of energy increased usage of energy
Information Information
efficiency/ renewable efficiency/ renewable
Dissemination, Dissemination,
energy technologies and energy technologies and
Outreach, Outreach,
accelerate the adoption of accelerate the adoption of
Training, and Training, and
these technologies these technologies
Technical Technical
Analysis/AssistancAnalysis/Assistanc
e Program e Program
Federal Federal Energy Energy
Provides assistance to Provides assistance to
42 U.S.C. 42 U.S.C.
$40 $40 ~~million~~mil ion
None None
Management Management
federal agencies in federal agencies in
§§17131 et §§17131 et
Program Program
developing and developing and
seq. seq.
~~implementing~~ Congressional Research Service 43 link to page 55 link to page 55 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs Administering U.S. Code FY2021a Expiration Agency Program Description Citation Appropriations Date implementing energy energy
efficiency and renewable efficiency and renewable
energy technologies to energy technologies to
meet energy management meet energy management
goals goals
Financial Financial
Grants support research Grants support research in in
42 U.S.C. 42 U.S.C.
$1.2 $1.2 ~~billion~~bil ion (est.) (est.) None None
Assistance Assistance
the basic sciences the basic sciences and and
§13503 §13503
Program Program
advanced technology advanced technology
(Office of Science) (Office of Science)
concepts and assessments concepts and assessments
in fieldsin fields related to energy related to energy
Geothermal Geothermal
Partners DOE with Partners DOE with
42 U.S.C. 42 U.S.C.
$ $~~110 million~~106 mil ion
None None
Technologies Technologies
industry, academia, and industry, academia, and
§16231 et §16231 et
Office Office
research facilities research facilities to to
seq. and 42 seq. and 42
develop geothermal develop geothermal energy energy
U.S.C. U.S.C.
technologies technologies
§§17191 et §§17191 et
seq. seq.
Hydrogen & Fuel Hydrogen & Fuel
Partners DOE with Partners DOE with
42 U.S.C. 42 U.S.C.
$150 $150 ~~million~~mil ion
None None
~~Cell~~ Cel Technologies Technologies
industry, academia, and industry, academia, and
§§16151 et §§16151 et
Office Office
national laboratories national laboratories to to
seq. seq.
develop hydrogen and fuel develop hydrogen and fuel
~~cell technologies~~ cel technologies for the for the
marketplace marketplace
Inventions and Inventions and
Provides financial and Provides financial and
42 U.S.C. 42 U.S.C.
$0 $0
None None
Innovations Innovations
technical assistance to technical assistance to
§5913 §5913
Program Program
develop innovative cost- develop innovative cost-
effective ideas and effective ideas and
inventions with future inventions with future
commercialcommercial value and value and
focuses on energy focuses on energy
efficiency and renewable efficiency and renewable
energy technologies energy technologies
Loan Guarantee Loan Guarantee
Loan guarantees to Loan guarantees to
42 U.S.C. 42 U.S.C.
$29 $29 ~~million~~ mil ion for for
None for the None for the
Program Program
encourage commercial encourage commercial use use
§§16511 et §§16511 et
the Innovative the Innovative
Section 1703 Section 1703
of new or significantly of new or significantly
seq. seq.
Technology Loan Technology Loan
program. program.
improved improved technologies that technologies that
Guarantee Guarantee

avoid, reduce, or sequester avoid, reduce, or sequester
Program (Section Program (Section
~~1703)~~
~~For Section 1705~~
~~program,~~
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~~Administering~~
~~U.S. Code~~
~~FY2020a~~
~~Expiration~~
~~Agency~~
~~Program~~
~~Description~~
~~Citation~~
~~Appropriations~~
~~Date~~
~~air pollutants or~~
~~$0 for the~~
~~construction had~~
~~greenhouse gas emissions~~
~~Temporary Loan~~
~~to begin by~~
~~Guarantee~~
~~9/30/2011~~
air pol utants or 1703) For Section 1705 greenhouse gas emissions program, construction had $0 for the to begin by Temporary Loan 9/30/2011 Guarantee Program (Section Program (Section
1705) 1705)
Office of Indian Office of Indian
Provides financial and Provides financial and
25 U.S.C. 25 U.S.C.
$17 $17 ~~million~~mil ion
None None
Energy Assistance Energy Assistance
technical assistance, technical assistance,
§§3501 et §§3501 et
Programs Programs
education, and training to education, and training to
seq. seq.
(formerly (formerly the the
tribes to evaluate and tribes to evaluate and
Tribal Energy Tribal Energy
develop renewable energy develop renewable energy
Program) Program)
sources and energy sources and energy
efficiency measures efficiency measures
Regional Biomass Regional Biomass
Provides financial Provides financial
See Notes See Notes
$0 $0
None None
Energy Programs Energy Programs
assistance to increase assistance to increase
f~~ieldb~~fieldb
America’s America’s use of fuels, use of fuels,
chemicals,chemicals, materials,materials, ~~and~~
~~power made from~~
~~domestic biomass~~
and Congressional Research Service 44 link to page 55 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs Administering U.S. Code FY2021a Expiration Agency Program Description Citation Appropriations Date power made from domestic biomass Renewable Energy Provides incentive 42 U.S.C. $0 End of FY2026 Production payments for electricity §13317 Incentive generated and sold by new qualifying renewable energy facilities Smal Business Grants for smal businesses 15 U.S.C. $57.67 mil ion for ~~Renewable Energy~~
~~Provides incentive~~
~~42 U.S.C.~~
$0
~~End of FY2026~~
~~Production~~
~~payments for electricity~~
~~§13317~~
~~Incentive~~
~~generated and sold by new~~
~~qualifying renewable energy~~
~~facilities~~
~~Renewable Energy~~
~~Provides financial~~
~~42 U.S.C.~~
~~$252.2 million~~
~~None~~
~~Research and~~
~~assistance to conduct R&D~~
~~§§16231 et.~~
~~(est.)~~
~~Development~~
~~efforts in renewable energy seq.~~

~~Program~~
~~technologies~~
~~Small Business~~
~~Grants for small businesses~~
~~15 U.S.C.~~
~~$59.5 million for~~
End of FY2022 End of FY2022
Innovation Innovation
to develop and to develop and
§638 §638
SBIR SBIR
Research/ Research/~~Small~~
Smal commercialize commercialize energy energy
$8. $8.~~4 million~~ 11 mil ion for for
Business Business
technologies, technologies, including including
STTR STTR
Technology Technology
energy efficiency and energy efficiency and
Transfer Programs Transfer Programs
renewable energy renewable energy
technologies technologies
Solar Energy Solar Energy
Partners with industry, Partners with industry,
42 U.S.C. 42 U.S.C.
$280 $280 ~~million~~mil ion
None None
Technologies Technologies
universities, universities, and national and national
§§16231 et §§16231 et
Office Office
laboratories laboratories to finance to finance
seq. and 42 seq. and 42
R&D and bring reliable R&D and bring reliable and and
U.S.C. U.S.C.
affordable solar affordable solar energy energy
§§17171 et §§17171 et
technologies to the technologies to the
seq. seq.
marketplace marketplace
State Energy State Energy
Provides grants to states to 42 U.S.C. Provides grants to states to 42 U.S.C.
$62.5 $62.5 ~~million~~mil ion
None None
Program Program
design and implement design and implement their their
§§6321 et §§6321 et
own renewable energy and own renewable energy and
seq. seq.
energy efficiency programs energy efficiency programs
Tribal Energy Loan A partial loan guarantee Tribal Energy Loan A partial loan guarantee
25 U.S.C. 25 U.S.C.
$2 $2 ~~million~~mil ion
None None
Guarantee Guarantee
program to support program to support
§3502 §3502
Program Program
economic economic opportunities to opportunities to
tribes through energy tribes through energy
development projectsdevelopment projects and activities. ~~and~~
~~activities.~~
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~~Administering~~
~~U.S. Code~~
~~FY2020a~~
~~Expiration~~
~~Agency~~
~~Program~~
~~Description~~
~~Citation~~
~~Appropriations~~
~~Date~~
Vehicle Vehicle
Partners with industry Partners with industry
42 U.S.C. 42 U.S.C.
$ $~~396 million~~400 mil ion
None None
Technologies Technologies
leaders leaders to develop and to develop and
§§17011 et §§17011 et
Office Office
deploy advanced deploy advanced
seq. seq.
transportation transportation
technologies to improve technologies to improve
vehicle fuel efficiency and vehicle fuel efficiency and
~~domestically~~ domestical y produce clean produce clean
and affordable alternative and affordable alternative
fuels fuels
Water Power Water Power
Partners with industry, Partners with industry,
42 U.S.C. 42 U.S.C.
$ $~~148 million~~150 mil ion
None None
Technologies Technologies
states, federal entities, states, federal entities, and and
§§16231 et. §§16231 et.
Office (formerly Office (formerly
other stakeholders other stakeholders on on
seq. and 42 seq. and 42
Wind and Wind and
R&D projects R&D projects to improve to improve
U.S.C. U.S.C.
Hydropower Hydropower
performance, performance, ~~lower~~ lower costs, costs,
§§17211 et §§17211 et
Technologies Technologies
and accelerate and accelerate deployment deployment
seq. seq.
Program) Program)
of water power of water power
technologies technologies
Weatherization Weatherization
Provides financial and Provides financial and
42 U.S.C. 42 U.S.C.
$ $~~308.5 million~~315 mil ion
None None
Assistance Assistance
technical assistance to technical assistance to
§§6861 et §§6861 et
Program Program
states to increase the states to increase the
seq. seq.
energy efficiency of low- energy efficiency of low-
income households income households
Congressional Research Service 45 link to page 55 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs Administering U.S. Code FY2021a Expiration Agency Program Description Citation Appropriations Date Wind Energy Wind Energy
Partners with industry, Partners with industry,
42 U.S.C. 42 U.S.C.
$ $~~104 million~~110 mil ion
None None
Technologies Technologies
states, federal entities, states, federal entities, and and
§§16231 et. §§16231 et.
Office (formerly Office (formerly
other stakeholders other stakeholders on on
seq. seq.
Wind and Wind and
R&D projects R&D projects to improve to improve
Hydropower Hydropower
performance, performance, ~~lower~~ lower costs, costs,
Technologies Technologies
and accelerate and accelerate deployment deployment
Program) Program)
of wind energy of wind energy
technologies technologies
Department of Department of
Assistance Assistance to High to High
Provides financial Provides financial
7 U.S.C. 7 U.S.C.
$10 $10 ~~million~~mil ion
None None
Agriculture Agriculture
Energy Cost Rural Energy Cost Rural
assistance to rural assistance to rural
§918a §918a
Communities Communities
communities communities with high with high
Program Program
energy costs energy costs

Bioenergy Bioenergy
Supports and ensures an Supports and ensures an
7 U.S.C. 7 U.S.C.
Mandatory Mandatory
Authorized Authorized
Program for Program for
expanding production of expanding production of
§8105 §8105
funding of $7 funding of $7
through FY2023 through FY2023
Advanced Biofuels Advanced Biofuels
advanced biofuels by advanced biofuels by
~~million annually~~mil ion annual y
providing payments to providing payments to
for FY2019- for FY2019-
advanced biofuels advanced biofuels
FY2023 to FY2023 to
producers producers
remain remain available available
until expended until expended
Discretionary Discretionary
funding of $20 funding of $20
~~million~~
mil ion authorized authorized
~~annually~~annual y for for
FY2019-FY2023 FY2019-FY2023
No discretionary No discretionary
funding has been funding has been
appropriated for appropriated for
~~FY2020~~
~~Congressional Research Service~~

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~~Administering~~
~~U.S. Code~~
~~FY2020a~~
~~Expiration~~
~~Agency~~
~~Program~~
~~Description~~
~~Citation~~
~~Appropriations~~
~~Date~~FY2021

Biomass Biomass Crop Crop
Provides assistance to Provides assistance to
7 U.S.C. 7 U.S.C.
The FY2018 farm The FY2018 farm
Authorized Authorized
Assistance Assistance
support the production of support the production of
§8111 §8111
~~bill~~ bil authorized noauthorized no through FY2023 through FY2023
Program (BCAP) Program (BCAP)
eligible eligible ~~biomass~~ biomass crops on crops on
mandatory mandatory
land within approved land within approved
funding for funding for
project areas project areas
FY2019-FY2023 FY2019-FY2023
Discretionary Discretionary
funding of $25 funding of $25
~~million~~mil ion
authorized authorized
~~annually~~annual y for for
FY2019-FY2023 FY2019-FY2023
No discretionary No discretionary
funding has been funding has been
appropriated for appropriated for
~~FY2020~~FY2021

Biomass Biomass Research Research
Provides competitive Provides competitive
7 U.S.C. 7 U.S.C.
Mandatory Mandatory
Authorized Authorized
and Development and Development
grants, contracts, or grants, contracts, or
§8108 §8108
funding funding ~~of $3~~not
through FY2023 through FY2023
Initiative Initiative
financial assistance for financial assistance for
~~million for~~extended by
RD&D of technologies and RD&D of technologies and
~~FY2014-2017 to~~
2018 farm bil processes processes for biofuels and for biofuels and
~~remain available~~Discretionary
biobased products. biobased products.
~~until expended;~~
~~Mandatory~~
~~funding not~~
~~extended by~~
~~2018 farm bill~~
~~Discretionary~~
~~funding of $20~~
~~million~~
~~authorized~~
~~annually~~funding of $20 mil ion authorized Congressional Research Service 46 link to page 55 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs Administering U.S. Code FY2021a Expiration Agency Program Description Citation Appropriations Date annual y for for
FY2019-FY2023 FY2019-FY2023
No discretionary No discretionary
funding has been funding has been
appropriated appropriated
through through ~~FY2020~~FY2021

Biorefinery, Biorefinery,
Assists Assists in the development in the development
7 U.S.C. 7 U.S.C.
$ $~~24 million~~ 5 mil ion in in
Authorized Authorized
Renewable Renewable
of new technologies of new technologies for for
§8103 §8103
mandatory mandatory
through FY2023 through FY2023
Chemical, Chemical, and and
development of biofuels development of biofuels
funding was made funding was made
Biobased Product Biobased Product
available for loan available for loan
Manufacturing Manufacturing
guarantees for guarantees for
Assistance Assistance
~~FY2020.~~FY2021
Program Program
No discretionary No discretionary
funding has been funding has been
appropriated appropriated
through through ~~FY2020~~FY2021

Community Community
Provides grants to states Provides grants to states
7 U.S.C. 7 U.S.C.
~~No discretionary~~$2 mil ion
Authorized Authorized
Wood Energy and Wood Energy and
and local governments and local governments to to
§8113 §8113
~~funding has been~~
through FY2023 through FY2023
Wood Innovation Wood Innovation
develop community wood develop community wood
~~appropriated~~
Program Program
energy plans or acquire or energy plans or acquire or
~~through FY2020~~
upgrade community wood upgrade community wood
energy systems energy systems

New Era Rural New Era Rural
Provides grant funding for Provides grant funding for
7 U.S.C. 7 U.S.C.
No discretionary No discretionary
Authorized Authorized
Technology Technology
approved technology approved technology
§3319e §3319e
funding has been funding has been
through FY2023 through FY2023
~~development, applied~~
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~~Administering~~
~~U.S. Code~~
~~FY2020a~~
~~Expiration~~
~~Agency~~
~~Program~~
~~Description~~
~~Citation~~
~~Appropriations~~
~~Date~~
~~Competitive~~
~~research, and training to~~
~~appropriated~~
~~Grants Program~~
~~develop bioenergy and~~
~~through FY2020~~
Competitive development, applied appropriated Grants Program research, and training to through FY2021 develop bioenergy and agriculture-based agriculture-based
renewable energy renewable energy
resources resources

Rural Energy for Rural Energy for
Provides grants and loan Provides grants and loan
7 U.S.C. 7 U.S.C.
Mandatory CCC Mandatory CCC
None None
America America Program Program
guarantees to promote guarantees to promote
§8107 §8107
funds of $50 funds of $50
energy efficiency and energy efficiency and
~~million~~mil ion
renewable energy to renewable energy to
authorized for authorized for
agricultural producers and agricultural producers and
FY2014 and each FY2014 and each
rural rural ~~small~~ smal businesses businesses
fiscal year fiscal year
thereafter; thereafter;
$$~~706,000~~ 10.4 mil ion in in
discretionary discretionary
funding was funding was
appropriated for appropriated for
~~FY2020~~FY2021

Rural Energy Rural Energy
Provides loans to power Provides loans to power
7 U.S.C. 7 U.S.C.
$ $~~12 million for~~
11 mil ion Authorized Authorized
Savings Program Savings Program
producing entities to make producing entities to make
§8107a §8107a
~~FY2020~~
through FY2023 through FY2023
loans to consumers for loans to consumers for
durable, cost-effective durable, cost-effective
energy efficiency upgrades energy efficiency upgrades
or or ~~installation~~instal ation of renewable of renewable
energy or energy storage energy or energy storage
systemssystems

Sun Grant Sun Grant

7 U.S.C. 7 U.S.C.
$3 $3 ~~million~~mil ion
Authorized Authorized
Program Program
§8114 §8114
through FY2023 through FY2023
Congressional Research Service 47 link to page 55 link to page 55 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs Administering U.S. Code FY2021a Expiration Agency Program Description Citation Appropriations Date
Sustainable Sustainable
Provides grants for Provides grants for
7 U.S.C. 7 U.S.C.
$ $~~37 million~~
40 mil ion None None
Agriculture Agriculture
research projects research projects with the with the
§§5801 et §§5801 et
Research and Research and
purpose of enhancing purpose of enhancing
seq. seq.
Education Education
biomass biomass energy crop energy crop
production and increasing production and increasing
the energy efficiency of the energy efficiency of
agricultural operations agricultural operations
Department of Department of
Alternative Alternative Motor Motor
Provides tax credit for Provides tax credit for
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C.
N/A N/A
The Fuel The Fuel ~~Cell~~
Cel the Treasury the Treasury
Vehicle Credit Vehicle Credit
hybrid and lean-burn hybrid and lean-burn
§30B §30B
Motor Vehicle Motor Vehicle
vehicles vehicles
Credit expires on Credit expires on
12/31/2020; 12/31/2020; ~~all~~
al credits for other credits for other
technology types technology types
have expired. See have expired. See
Table A-2Table A-2 below. below.
Business Business Energy Energy
Provides a tax credit for Provides a tax credit for
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C.
N/A N/A
12/31/2019 for 12/31/2019 for
Investment Tax Investment Tax
30% of total expenditures 30% of total expenditures
§48 §48
large wind systems; large wind systems;
Credit Credit
on eligible on eligible ~~systems~~ systems placed placed
12/31/2021 for 12/31/2021 for
in service, in service, except except
geothermal geothermal heat heat
geothermal geothermal systems, systems,
pumps, pumps,
microturbines, microturbines, and and
microturbines, microturbines,
combined heat and power combined heat and power
CHP systems, CHP systems,
systems systems (10%) (10%)
hybrid solar hybrid solar
lighting, fuel lighting, fuel ~~cells,~~
~~small~~ cel s, smal wind systems; No expiration date for geothermal electric ~~wind systems;~~
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~~Administering~~
~~U.S. Code~~
~~FY2020a~~
~~Expiration~~
~~Agency~~
~~Program~~
~~Description~~
~~Citation~~
~~Appropriations~~
~~Date~~
~~No expiration date~~
~~for geothermal~~
~~electric~~ and solar and solar
thermal thermal
Energy Efficient Energy Efficient
Tax deduction for certain Tax deduction for certain
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C.
N/A N/A
12/31/2017 12/31/2017
Commercial Commercial
qualifying systems qualifying systems and and
§179D §179D
Buildings Tax Buildings Tax
buildings buildings
(amended) (amended)
Deduction Deduction
Energy-Efficient Energy-Efficient
Provides tax credits of up Provides tax credits of up
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C.
N/A N/A
12/31/2017 12/31/2017
New Homes New Homes Tax Tax
to $2,000 for builders of to $2,000 for builders of
§45L §45L
Credit for Home Credit for Home
new, energy-efficient new, energy-efficient
(amended) (amended)
Builders Builders
homes homes
Modified Modified
~~Allows businesses to~~
~~26 USC~~Al ows businesses to 26 U.S.C.
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
Accelerated Accelerated Cost-Cost-
recover recover investments in investments in
§168 and 26 §168 and 26
Recovery System Recovery System
certain renewable energy certain renewable energy
~~USC~~ U.S.C. §48 §48
(MACRS) (MACRS)
property through property through
depreciation deductions depreciation deductions
Renewable Energy Renewable Energy
Provides a per-kilowatt- Provides a per-kilowatt-
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C.
N/A N/A
12/31/2019 for 12/31/2019 for
Production Tax Production Tax
hour tax credit for hour tax credit for
§45 §45
wind energy wind energy
Credit (PTC) Credit (PTC)
electricity electricity generated by generated by
(amended) (amended)
systems systems
qualified renewable energy qualified renewable energy
12/31/2017 for 12/31/2017 for ~~all~~
al technologies and sold technologies and sold
other systems other systems
during the tax year during the tax year
Residential Energy Residential Energy
Corporate and personal Corporate and personal
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C.
N/A N/A
None None
Conservation Conservation
tax exemptions for energy- tax exemptions for energy-
§136 §136
Subsidy Exclusion Subsidy Exclusion
conservation subsidies are conservation subsidies are
(amended) (amended)
(Corporate and (Corporate and
provided by public utilities, provided by public utilities,
Personal) Personal)
either directly or indirectly either directly or indirectly
Congressional Research Service 48 link to page 55 link to page 55 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs Administering U.S. Code FY2021a Expiration Agency Program Description Citation Appropriations Date Residential Energy Residential Energy
Provides tax credit to Provides tax credit to
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C.
N/A N/A
12/31/2017 12/31/2017
Efficiency Tax Efficiency Tax
residents/individuals residents/individuals for the §25C for the §25C
Credit Credit
~~installation~~instal ation of qualified of qualified
energy efficient equipment energy efficient equipment
to existing homes (primary to existing homes (primary
residence) residence)
Residential Residential
Provides a tax credit to Provides a tax credit to
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C.
N/A N/A
12/31/2021 12/31/2021
Renewable Energy Renewable Energy
residents/ residents/ individuals for individuals for
§25D §25D
Tax Credit Tax Credit
the the ~~installation~~instal ation of qualified of qualified
(amended) (amended)
renewable energy systems renewable energy systems
to existing homes (primary to existing homes (primary
residence) residence)
Department of Department of
Low Income Low Income
Provides assistance to help Provides assistance to help
42 U.S.C. 42 U.S.C.
$ $~~4.64 billion~~8.2 bil ion
None None
Health and Health and
Energy Assistance Energy Assistance
low income households low income households
§§8621 et §§8621 et
Human Services Human Services
Program Program
pay for heating and cooling pay for heating and cooling
seq. seq.
their homes and energy their homes and energy
efficiency improvementsefficiency improvements
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~~Administering~~
~~U.S. Code~~
~~FY2020a~~
~~Expiration~~
~~Agency~~
~~Program~~
~~Description~~
~~Citation~~
~~Appropriations~~
~~Date~~
Department of Department of
Energy Efficient Energy Efficient
Provides backing of loans Provides backing of loans
12 U.S.C. 12 U.S.C.
N/A N/A
None None
Housing and Housing and
Mortgages Mortgages
for energy efficient for energy efficient
§§1701z-16 §§1701z-16
Urban Urban
mortgages to finance the mortgages to finance the
Development Development
~~installation~~instal ation of energy of energy
efficiency or renewable efficiency or renewable
energy technologies in new energy technologies in new
or existing homes or existing homes

FHA PowerSaver FHA PowerSaver
Offers loans backed by Offers loans backed by
See Notes See Notes
N/A N/A
None None
Loan Program Loan Program
FHA to finance energy FHA to finance energy
f~~ieldb~~fieldb
efficiency and renewable efficiency and renewable
energy upgrades to single-energy upgrades to single-
unit homes unit homes
Department of Department of
Energy and Energy and
Facilitate the inventory, Facilitate the inventory,
25 U.S.C. 25 U.S.C.
$ $~~6 million~~ 5.3 mil ion for for
None None
the Interior the Interior
Mineral Mineral
assessment, assessment, promotion, promotion,
§5301; §5301;
~~FY2016~~FY2019; no data ; no data
Development Development
and marketing and marketing of both of both
25 U.S.C. 25 U.S.C.
currently currently
Program: Program: Minerals Minerals
renewable and renewable and
§13; §13;
available for available for
and Mining on and Mining on
nonrenewable energy and nonrenewable energy and
25 U.S.C. 25 U.S.C.
~~FY2017-FY2020~~FY2020 or
Indian Lands Indian Lands
mineral mineral ~~resources~~ resources on on
§§2101 et §§2101 et
FY2021 Indian lands Indian lands
seq seq,.; and; and
16 U.S.C. 16 U.S.C.
§§1271 et §§1271 et
seq. seq.
Tribal Energy Tribal Energy
Grants to Indian tribes to Grants to Indian tribes to
25 U.S.C. 25 U.S.C.
$1 $1~~.4 million~~ mil ion for for
None None
Development Development
develop and sustain the develop and sustain the
§3502 §3502
~~FY2016~~FY2019; no data ; no data
Capacity Grant Capacity Grant
managerial and technical managerial and technical
currently currently
capacity needed to develop capacity needed to develop
available for available for
their energy resources their energy resources and and
~~FY2017-~~FY2020 FY2020
or FY- properly account for properly account for
FY2021 resulting energy resulting energy
production and revenues production and revenues
Department of Department of
Energy Efficient Energy Efficient
Provides backing of loans Provides backing of loans
12 U.S.C. 12 U.S.C.
N/A N/A
None None
Veterans Affairs Veterans Affairs
Mortgages Mortgages
for energy efficient for energy efficient
§§1701z-16 §§1701z-16
mortgages to finance the mortgages to finance the
~~installation~~ Congressional Research Service 49 link to page 55 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs Administering U.S. Code FY2021a Expiration Agency Program Description Citation Appropriations Date instal ation of energy of energy
efficiency or renewable efficiency or renewable
energy technologies in new energy technologies in new
or existing homes or existing homes
Fannie Mae Fannie Mae
Fannie Mae Green Fannie Mae Green
Provides owners Provides owners of of
12 12 ~~USC~~U.S.C.
N/A N/A
None None
Initiative- Loan Initiative- Loan
multifamily multifamily properties properties
§§1716 et. §§1716 et.
Program Program
(rental or cooperative (rental or cooperative
seq. seq.
properties properties with 5 five or with 5 five or
moremore units) with three units) with three
financing options and tools financing options and tools
to make energy- and to make energy- and
water-saving property water-saving property
improvements improvements
~~Small~~ Smal Business Business
7(a) Loan 7(a) Loan
Provides guaranteed loans Provides guaranteed loans
15 U.S.C. 15 U.S.C.
$ $~~95.9 million~~83.3 mil ion for
None None
Administration Administration
Guarantees Guarantees
from lenders from lenders ~~to small~~
to smal §636(a) §636(a)
~~businesses~~
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Appendix B. Index of Programs by Applicant
Eligibility and Technology Type
Table B-1. Index of Programs by Applicant Eligibility
Applicant Eligibility
Program Nu~~mbersa~~Numbersa
Advanced Technology Centers Advanced Technology Centers
II-7 II-7
Agricultural/Extension/Biofuel Agricultural/Extension/Biofuel Producers Producers
II-2, II-3, II-5, II-8, II-11, III-5 II-2, II-3, II-5, II-8, II-11, III-5
Alaska Native Corporations Alaska Native Corporations
I- I-1413
Builder/Developer Builder/Developer
III-6, III-7 III-6, III-7
Commercial/Industrial/For-Profit Commercial/Industrial/For-Profit
I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4, I-5, I-6, I-7, I-10, I-12, I-13, I- I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4, I-5, I-6, I-7, I-10, I-12, I-13, I-~~14, I-16~~17, I-, I-1918, I-20, I-, I-20, I-
~~22, I-23~~21, II-1, II-2, II-3, II-5, II-8, III-4, III-5, III-6, III-8, III-9, II-1, II-2, II-3, II-5, II-8, III-4, III-5, III-6, III-8, III-9
Cooperative/ Cooperative/~~Collaborative~~Col aborative/Consortia /Consortia
I- I-1514, I-, I-1917, II-1, II-4, II-5, II-8, II-9, II-11 , II-1, II-4, II-5, II-8, II-9, II-11
Federal Federal Government Government
I-4, I-6, I-7, I-12, I- I-4, I-6, I-7, I-12, I-2119, II-4, II-11, III-6 , II-4, II-11, III-6
Higher Education ( Higher Education (~~Colleges~~ Col eges and Universities) and Universities)
I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4, I-5, I-6, I-7, I-8, I-12, I-13, I- I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4, I-5, I-6, I-7, I-8, I-12, I-13, I-~~14, I-16, I-19~~17, I-18, I-20, I-, I-20, I-
~~22, I-23~~21, II-4, II-5, II-7, II-10, II-11 , II-4, II-5, II-7, II-10, II-11
Land Grant Universities Land Grant Universities (1862 1890, 1994) (1862 1890, 1994)
II-4, II-10 II-4, II-10
Local Government Local Government
I-2, I-6, I-7, I-8, I-12, I-13, I-14, I- I-2, I-6, I-7, I-8, I-12, I-13, I-14, I-~~15, I-16~~18, I-20, I-, I-20, I-~~22, I-23~~21, II-1, II-5, , II-1, II-5,
II-6, II-8 II-6, II-8
National Laboratories National Laboratories
I-4, I-5, I-6, I-7, I-8, I-12, II-4, II-5 I-4, I-5, I-6, I-7, I-8, I-12, II-4, II-5
Nonprofit Nonprofit
I-2, I-13, I-14, I- I-2, I-13, I-14, I-~~15, I-16~~17, I-, I-1918, I-20, I-, I-20, I-~~22, I-23~~21, II-1, II-11 , II-1, II-11
Other/Cross-Cutting Other/Cross-Cutting
I- I-1917, III-4 , III-4
Research Organization Research Organization
I- I-~~19, I-20~~
17, I-18 Residential/Individual Residential/Individual
I-11, I- I-11, I-1413, I-, I-1917, II-1, II-5, II-11, III-1, III-2, III-3, III-9, IV-1, V-1, VI-1, , II-1, II-5, II-11, III-1, III-2, III-3, III-9, IV-1, V-1, VI-1,
VI-2, IX-1 VI-2, IX-1
Schools Schools
II-8 II-8
~~Small~~ Smal Businesses Businesses
I-6, I-7, I-11, I- I-6, I-7, I-11, I-1917, I-, I-2220, I-, I-2422, II-4, III-5, III-9, V-1, V-2 , II-4, III-5, III-9, V-1, V-2
State Government State Government
I-2, I-6, I-7, I-8, I-9, I-12, I-13, I-14, I-15, I- I-2, I-6, I-7, I-8, I-9, I-12, I-13, I-14, I-15, I-~~16, I-17~~18, I-20, I-, I-20, I-~~22, I-23~~21, ,
II-1, II-4, II-5, II-6, II-8, II-11, III-6, VII-1 II-1, II-4, II-5, II-6, II-8, II-11, III-6, VII-1
Tribal Government Tribal Government
I-6, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-13, I-14, I-15, I-16, I- I-6, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-13, I-14, I-15, I-16, I-~~17, I-~~18, I-20, I-18, I-20, I-2221, I-23, , I-23, I-
~~25,~~ II-1, II-5, II-8, IV-1, IV-2, VII-1 II-1, II-5, II-8, IV-1, IV-2, VII-1
U.S. Territories U.S. Territories
I-9, I- I-9, I-1715, VII-1 , VII-1
Utilities Utilities
I- I-1514, II-5, II-8, II-9, III-5 , II-5, II-8, II-9, III-5
Veterans Veterans
VI-1, VIII-1 VI-1, VIII-1
Source: CRS. CRS.
a. Program numbers correspond to agency (Roman numeral) and (Arabic) number assigned to each program a. Program numbers correspond to agency (Roman numeral) and (Arabic) number assigned to each program
as displayed in this report’s as displayed in this report’s Table of Contents. Table of Contents.
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Table B-2. Index of Programs by Technology Type
Qualified Technologies
Program Nu~~mbersa~~Numbersa
Advanced Batteries Advanced Batteries
I-12 I-12~~, I-13~~
Air Air Conditioners Conditioners
1-9, I- 1-9, I-1816, III-2, III-6, VI-1, VI-2, VII-1, IX-1 , III-2, III-6, VI-1, VI-2, VII-1, IX-1
Alternative Alternative Vehicles/VehicleVehicles/Vehicle Technologies Technologies
I-4, I-12, III-4, III-9 I-4, I-12, III-4, III-9
Anaerobic Digestion Anaerobic Digestion
~~I-16,~~ II-7, III-4 II-7, III-4
Batteries Batteries (Energy Storage) (Energy Storage)
I-12, I- I-12, I-~~13, I-20, 1-25~~18,1-23, II-9 , II-9
Biodiesel Biodiesel / Biofuels / Biofuels
I-1, I-12, I- I-1, I-12, I-2321, II-2, II-4, II-5, II-10, II-11, III-4 , II-2, II-4, II-5, II-10, II-11, III-4
Boilers Boilers
1-9, I- 1-9, I-1816, III-2, III-6, VI-1, VI-2, VII-1, IX-1 , III-2, III-6, VI-1, VI-2, VII-1, IX-1
Biomass Biomass / Bioenergy / Bioenergy
I-1, I-2, I- I-1, I-2, I-1514, I-16, I-, I-16, I-~~18, I-21~~19, II-2, II-3, II-4, II-5, II-6, II-7, II-8 , II-2, II-3, II-4, II-5, II-6, II-7, II-8
II-10, II-11, III-2, III-3, III-4, III-5, III-8 II-10, II-11, III-2, III-3, III-4, III-5, III-8
Caulking/Weather Caulking/Weather Stripping Stripping
I-9, I- I-9, I-1816, III-6, VI-1, VI-2, VII-1, VIII-1, IX-1 , III-6, VI-1, VI-2, VII-1, VIII-1, IX-1
~~Chillers~~
~~I-18~~Chil ers I-16, III-6 , III-6
Clothes Washers Clothes Washers
I- I-1816, IX-1 , IX-1
Combined Systems/CHP/Energy Combined Systems/CHP/Energy Management Management
I-8, I- I-8, I-1816, II-8, III-4, III-5 , II-8, III-4, III-5
Systems Systems
Comprehensive/Whole Comprehensive/Whole Building Building
I- I-1816, III-6, III-7, IX-1 , III-6, III-7, IX-1
Doors Doors
I- I-1816, III-2, III-6, VI-1, VI-2, VIII-1, IX-1 , III-2, III-6, VI-1, VI-2, VIII-1, IX-1
Duct/Air Sealing Duct/Air Sealing
I-9, I- I-9, I-1816, III-6, VI-1, VI-2, VII-I, VIII-1, IX-1 , III-6, VI-1, VI-2, VII-I, VIII-1, IX-1
Electricity Transmission Electricity Transmission Infrastructure Infrastructure
I- I-2523
Equipment (Energy Efficient) Equipment (Energy Efficient)
I-8 I-8
Fuel Fuel ~~Cells~~Cel s
I-4, I-8, I- I-4, I-8, I-~~13, I-16, I-23~~21, II-8, III-3, III-4, III-5 , II-8, III-3, III-4, III-5
Furnaces Furnaces
1-9, I- 1-9, I-1816, III-2, III-6, VI-1, VI-2, VII-1, VIII-1, IX-1 , III-2, III-6, VI-1, VI-2, VII-1, VIII-1, IX-1
Geothermal Geothermal ~~(All~~ (Al ) )
I-3, I- I-3, I-~~16, I-21, I-25~~19, I-23, II-8, III-5, VI-1, VI-2, VIII-1 , II-8, III-5, VI-1, VI-2, VIII-1
—Geothermal —Geothermal (Direct(Direct Use) Use)
I-3, II-8, III-4, III-5, VI-1, VI-2, VIII-1 II-8, III-4, III-5, VI-1, VI-2, VIII-1
—Geothermal —Geothermal (Electric) (Electric)
I- I-~~15, I-18, I-23~~3, I-14, I-16, I-21, II-7, III-4, III-5, III-8, VI-1, VI-2, VIII-1 , II-7, III-4, III-5, III-8, VI-1, VI-2, VIII-1
—Geothermal —Geothermal (Heat Pumps) (Heat Pumps)
I- I-183, I-16, II-8, III-3, III-4, III-5, VI-1, VI-2, VIII-1 , II-8, III-3, III-4, III-5, VI-1, VI-2, VIII-1
Heat Pumps Heat Pumps
III-2, III-6, VI-1, VI-2, VIII-1, IX-1 III-2, III-6, VI-1, VI-2, VIII-1, IX-1
Hybrid Electric Hybrid Electric
I-12, III-9 I-12, III-9
Hydrogen Hydrogen
I-4, I-4, ~~I-13, I-16,~~ II-8 II-8
Hydropower ( Hydropower (~~All~~Al ) )
I-6, I- I-6, I-~~16, I-21~~19, I-, I-2523, III-8 , III-8
—Hydroelectric —Hydroelectric
I-6, I- I-6, I-1816, I-, I-2321, I-, I-2523, II-8, III-8 , II-8, III-8
—Hydrokinetic —Hydrokinetic
I-6, III-8 I-6, III-8
—Ocean —Ocean
I-6, I- I-6, I-1514, I-, I-2119, I-, I-2321, II-8, III-8 , II-8, III-8
—Tidal —Tidal
I-6, I- I-6, I-1514, I-, I-2321, II-8, III-8 , II-8, III-8
—Wave —Wave
I-6, I- I-6, I-1514, I-, I-2321, II-8, III-8 , II-8, III-8
Insulation Insulation
I-9, I- I-9, I-1816, III-2, III-6, VI-1, VI-2, VII-1, VIII-1, IX-1 , III-2, III-6, VI-1, VI-2, VII-1, VIII-1, IX-1
~~Landfill~~ Landfil Gas Gas
I- I-1514, III-4, III-8 , III-4, III-8
Lighting/Lighting Sensors Lighting/Lighting Sensors
I-8, I- I-8, I-1816, I-, I-2321, III-4, III-5, III-6, VI-1, VIII-1, IX-1 , III-4, III-5, III-6, VI-1, VIII-1, IX-1
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Qualified Technologies
Program Nu~~mbersa~~Numbersa
Manufacturing Facilities Manufacturing Facilities
I- I-2321
Microturbines Microturbines
II-8, III-4, III-5 II-8, III-4, III-5
Municipal Solid Waste Municipal Solid Waste
III-4, III-8 III-4, III-8
Other Other ~~Technologiesb~~Technologiesb
I-9, I-11,1-13, I- I-9, I-11,1-13, I-1415, I-, I-1716, I-, I-1817, I-, I-1918, I-20, I-22, , I-20, I-22, ~~I-24,~~ II-1, II-8, II-1, II-8,
II-9, II-11, III-1, IV-1, IV-2, V-1, V-2, VI-1, VI-2, VII-1, VIII-1, II-9, II-11, III-1, IV-1, IV-2, V-1, V-2, VI-1, VI-2, VII-1, VIII-1,
IX-1 IX-1
Smart/Programmable Smart/Programmable Thermostats Thermostats
1-9, I- 1-9, I-1816, VI-1, VI-2, VII-1, VIII-1, IX-1 , VI-1, VI-2, VII-1, VIII-1, IX-1
Refrigerators/Freezers Refrigerators/Freezers
I- I-1816
Renewable Transportation Fuels Renewable Transportation Fuels
I- I-2321, II-8, III-4 , II-8, III-4
Roofs Roofs
I- I-1816, III-2, III-6, IX-1 , III-2, III-6, IX-1
Siding Siding
I- I-1816, III-6 , III-6
Smart Grid Smart Grid
I- I-2018
Solar ( Solar (~~All~~Al ) )
I-5, I-8, I- I-5, I-8, I-~~16, I-21~~19, 1-, 1-2523, II-8, III-3, III-4, III-5 , II-8, III-3, III-4, III-5
—Photovoltaics —Photovoltaics
1-5, I-8, I- 1-5, I-8, I-1514, I-, I-1816, I-, I-2321, I-, I-2523, II-8, III-1, III-3, III-4, III-5, VI-1, , II-8, III-1, III-3, III-4, III-5, VI-1,
VI-2, VIII-1 VI-2, VIII-1
—Solar Space Heat —Solar Space Heat
I- I-185, I-16, II-8, III-1, III-3, III-4, III-5, VI-1, VIII-1 , II-8, III-1, III-3, III-4, III-5, VI-1, VIII-1
—Solar Thermal —Solar Thermal Electric/Process Electric/Process
I- I-~~15, I-23~~5, I-14, I-21, II-8, III-3, III-4, III-5 , II-8, III-3, III-4, III-5
—Solar Water —Solar Water Heat Heat
I-5, II-8, III-1, III-3, III-4, III-5, VI-1, VI-2, VIII-1 II-8, III-1, III-3, III-4, III-5, VI-1, VI-2, VIII-1
Water Heaters Water Heaters
I- I-1816, III-2, III-6, VI-1, VIII-1, IX-1 , III-2, III-6, VI-1, VIII-1, IX-1
Wind Wind
I-7, I- I-7, I-1514, I-16, I-, I-16, I-1819, I-21, I-23, , I-21, I-23, ~~I-25,~~ II-8, III-3, III-4, III-5, III-8, II-8, III-3, III-4, III-5, III-8,
VI-2 VI-2
Windows Windows
I-8, I-9, I- I-8, I-9, I-1816, III-2, III-6, VI-1, VI-2, VII-1, VIII-1, IX-1 , III-2, III-6, VI-1, VI-2, VII-1, VIII-1, IX-1
Source: CRS. CRS.
a. Program numbers correspond to agency (Roman numeral) and (Arabic) number assigned to each program a. Program numbers correspond to agency (Roman numeral) and (Arabic) number assigned to each program
as displayed in this report’s as displayed in this report’s Table of Contents. Table of Contents.
b. Other technologies include cross-cutting and advanced technologies; other unspecified technologies; and b. Other technologies include cross-cutting and advanced technologies; other unspecified technologies; and ~~all~~
al energy efficiency and/or renewable energy technologies not energy efficiency and/or renewable energy technologies not ~~specifically~~specifical y identified. identified.
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Appendix C. Expired Federal Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy Incentive Programs
1. Assisted Housing Stability and Energy and Green Retrofit Investments
Program (Recovery Act Funded)
Administered Administered by by
Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) (HUD)
Authority Authority
American American Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)
Annual Funding Annual Funding
(Project Grants) (Project Grants)
$0 for FY2009 $0 for FY2009
$235 $235 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2010 for FY2010
$0 for FY2011 $0 for FY2011
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
9/30/2012. 9/30/2012. ~~All~~ Al obligations were to be made by September 30, 2010. Receiving obligations were to be made by September 30, 2010. Receiving
property owners were required to spend the funds on the specific improvements property owners were required to spend the funds on the specific improvements
within two years of receipt. within two years of receipt.
Description Description
Program provided funding for energy and green retrofit Program provided funding for energy and green retrofit investments to certain investments to certain
eligibleeligible assisted,assisted, affordable multifamilyaffordable multifamily properties.properties. Funding included incentives for Funding included incentives for
participating property owners,participating property owners, a set-aside for administrativea set-aside for administrative functions, and a set-aside functions, and a set-aside
for due diligencefor due diligence and underwriting support. Assistanceand underwriting support. Assistance was for specificwas for specific retrofit retrofit
purposes. purposes.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Residential Residential
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Specific technologies not identified Specific technologies not identified
2. Clean Renewable Energy Bonds (CREBs)
Administered Administered by by
Internal Revenue Service Internal Revenue Service
Authority Authority
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C. 54 (CREBs or “old CREBs”); 26 U.S.C. 54A and 26 U.S.C.54 (CREBs or “old CREBs”); 26 U.S.C. 54A and 26 U.S.C. 54C (New 54C (New
CREBs) CREBs)

Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Tax ReliefTax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-432) and Health Care Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-432)
Energy ImprovementEnergy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343) and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343)
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (P.L. 115-97) Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (P.L. 115-97)
Annual Funding Annual Funding
EPACT EPACT ~~originally allocated $800 million~~ original y al ocated $800 mil ion of tax credit bonds to be issued between of tax credit bonds to be issued between
January 1, 2006, and DecemberJanuary 1, 2006, and December 31, 2007. 31, 2007. ~~Following~~ Fol owing the enactment of the federal the enactment of the federal
Tax ReliefTax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006, the IRS made an additional $400 and Health Care Act of 2006, the IRS made an additional $400 ~~million~~ mil ion in in
CREBs financing available for 2008 through Notice 2007-26. In NovemberCREBs financing available for 2008 through Notice 2007-26. In November 2006, the 2006, the
IRS announced that the original $800 IRS announced that the original $800 ~~million allocation~~mil ion al ocation had been reserved had been reserved for a total for a total
of 610 projects.of 610 projects. The additional $400 The additional $400 ~~million~~ mil ion (plus surrendered(plus surrendered ~~volume~~ volume from the from the
previous previous ~~allocation) was allocated~~al ocation) was al ocated to 312 projects in February 2008. Of the $1.2 to 312 projects in February 2008. Of the $1.2
~~billion~~bil ion total of tax-credit bond volume cap total of tax-credit bond volume cap ~~allocated~~al ocated to fund renewable-energy to fund renewable-energy
projects,projects, state and local government borrowersstate and local government borrowers ~~were limited to $750 million~~ were limited to $750 mil ion of the of the
volume cap, with the rest reservedvolume cap, with the rest reserved for qualified municipal or cooperativefor qualified municipal or cooperative electric electric
companies.companies. The Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (Div. A, The Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (Div. A,
Section107) Section107) ~~allocated $800 million~~ al ocated $800 mil ion for New CREBs. In February 2009, the American for New CREBs. In February 2009, the American
Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Div. B, Section 1111) Act of 2009 (Div. B, Section 1111) ~~allocated~~al ocated an an
additional $1.6 additional $1.6 ~~billion~~ bil ion to expand the total New CREBs to expand the total New CREBs ~~allocation~~al ocation to $2.4 to $2.4 ~~billion.~~ bil ion. IRS IRS
Notice 2015-12 announced the availability of close to $1.4 Notice 2015-12 announced the availability of close to $1.4 ~~billion~~ bil ion in remaining in remaining
volume cap for New CREBs. On March 5, 2015, the IRS opened the volume cap for New CREBs. On March 5, 2015, the IRS opened the ~~rolling~~ rol ing volume-volume-
cap application window for governmentalcap application window for governmental bodies and cooperative utilities,bodies and cooperative utilities, ~~as well~~ as wel as as
a closed-end application period for public power providers.a closed-end application period for public power providers.
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
December December 31, 2017 31, 2017
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Description Description
CREBs were CREBs were used to finance renewable energy projects and wereused to finance renewable energy projects and were issued, issued,
~~theoretically,~~ theoretical y, with a 0% interest rate. The borrowerwith a 0% interest rate. The borrower paid back only the principal of paid back only the principal of
the bond and the bondholder received federalthe bond and the bondholder received federal tax creditstax credits in lieu of the traditional in lieu of the traditional
bond interest.bond interest. P.L. 115-97 permanently repealed severalP.L. 115-97 permanently repealed several tax credit bonds, including tax credit bonds, including
CREBs. CREBs.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
State, local, State, local, and tribal governments; municipal utility; rural electric cooperative and tribal governments; municipal utility; rural electric cooperative
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Solar thermal electric; Solar thermal electric; photovoltaics; photovoltaics; ~~landfill~~ landfil gas; wind; biomass; hydroelectric; gas; wind; biomass; hydroelectric;
geothermalgeothermal electric; municipal solid waste; hydrokinetic power; anaerobic digestion; electric; municipal solid waste; hydrokinetic power; anaerobic digestion;
tidal energy; wave energy; ocean thermal tidal energy; wave energy; ocean thermal
For More Information For More Information
See IRS See IRS ~~Bulletin~~Bul etin 2007-14; IRS Notice 2009-33; IRS Notice 2015-12; CRS Report 2007-14; IRS Notice 2009-33; IRS Notice 2015-12; CRS Report
R40523, R40523, Tax Credit Bonds: Overview and Analysis, , by Grant A. Driessenby Grant A. Driessen ~~and Jeffrey M.~~
~~Stupak; and~~ ; and archived CRS Report R41573, Tax-Favored Financing for Renewable archived CRS Report R41573, Tax-Favored Financing for Renewable
Energy Resources and Energy Efficiency, by Energy Resources and Energy Efficiency, by ~~Molly~~Mol y F. Sherlock F. Sherlock and Steven Maguire. and Steven Maguire.
3. Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grants Program (EECBG)
Administered Administered by by
EERE EERE
Authority Authority
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140), Title V, Subtitle E Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140), Title V, Subtitle E
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)
Annual Funding Annual Funding
$0 for FY2008 $0 for FY2008
$3.2 $3.2 ~~billion~~bil ion for FY2009 from ARRA for FY2009 from ARRA
$0 for FY2010-FY2012 $0 for FY2010-FY2012
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
This program was authorized through FY2012. An act of Congress is required to This program was authorized through FY2012. An act of Congress is required to
reauthorize this program. reauthorize this program.
Description Description
This program was part of DOE’s Weather and Intergovernmental Program. The This program was part of DOE’s Weather and Intergovernmental Program. The
EECBG Program provided formula and competitiveEECBG Program provided formula and competitive grants to empowergrants to empower local local
communitiescommunities to maketo make strategic investmentsstrategic investments to meet the nation’s long-term goals for to meet the nation’s long-term goals for
energy independence and leadership on climateenergy independence and leadership on climate change. Grants could be used for change. Grants could be used for
energy efficiency and conservation programs and projectsenergy efficiency and conservation programs and projects community-wide,community-wide, ~~as well~~ as wel as as
renewable energy renewable energy ~~installations~~instal ations on government buildings. on government buildings.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
State, local, State, local, and tribal governments,and tribal governments, including U.S.including U.S. territories territories
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Energy efficient equipment and lighting; combined heating and cooling systems; Energy efficient equipment and lighting; combined heating and cooling systems;
combined heat and power systems; solar; wind; fuel combined heat and power systems; solar; wind; fuel ~~cells~~cel s; biomass ; biomass
For More Information For More Information
See EERE’s Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grants Program website; and See EERE’s Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grants Program website; and
program number 81.128 at beta.SAM.gov website. program number 81.128 at beta.SAM.gov website.
4. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technology Deployment,
Demonstration, and Commercialization Grant Program
Administered Administered by by
EERE EERE
Authority Authority
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486) Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT; P.L. 102-486)
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140)
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)
Annual Funding Annual Funding
$0 for FY2008 $0 for FY2008
$21.8 $21.8 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2009 for FY2009
$7.2 $7.2 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2010. for FY2010. ~~All~~ Al funds obligated under this program in FY2010 were funds obligated under this program in FY2010 were
Recovery Act funds. Recovery Act funds.
$1 $1 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2011 for FY2011
$0 for FY2012-FY2018; $0 for FY2012-FY2018; ~~all~~ al obligations under this programobligations under this program ~~were~~ were made with Recovery made with Recovery
Act (P.L. 111-5) funds. This program expired on 9/30/2015 and Act (P.L. 111-5) funds. This program expired on 9/30/2015 and ~~all~~ al awarded funds had awarded funds had
to be expended by that date. to be expended by that date.
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
None None
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Description Description
This program provided financial assistance for the technology deployment, This program provided financial assistance for the technology deployment,
demonstration,demonstration, and commercializationand commercialization of energy efficiency and renewable energy of energy efficiency and renewable energy
technologies.technologies. This included biomass,This included biomass, building technologies,building technologies, federal energy management, federal energy management,
geothermalgeothermal technologies, projectstechnologies, projects involving hydrogen, fuel involving hydrogen, fuel ~~cells~~ cel s and infrastructure and infrastructure
technologies,technologies, industrial technologies, solarindustrial technologies, solar energy technologies,energy technologies, ~~vehicle~~ vehicle technologies, technologies,
weatherization and intergovernmentalweatherization and intergovernmental technologies,technologies, and wind and hydropower and wind and hydropower
technologies. technologies.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
State governments; profit organizations State governments; profit organizations
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Biomass; Biomass; geothermal; hydrogen and fuel geothermal; hydrogen and fuel ~~cell~~ cel technologies; solar; hydropower technologies; solar; hydropower
For More Information For More Information
See program number 81.129 at the beta.SAM.gov website See program number 81.129 at the beta.SAM.gov website.
5. Energy Efficient ~~Appliance~~ Appliance Rebate Program (EEARP)
Administered Administered by by
EERE EERE
Authority Authority
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58)
Title I, Part B; AmericanTitle I, Part B; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-
5) 5)
Annual Funding Annual Funding
$0 for FY2008 $0 for FY2008
$298.5 $298.5 ~~million~~ mil ion in FY2009 from ARRAin FY2009 from ARRA
$0 for FY2010-FY2013 $0 for FY2010-FY2013
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
This program was authorized through FY2010. An act of Congress is required to This program was authorized through FY2010. An act of Congress is required to
reauthorize this program. reauthorize this program.
Description Description
The program provided financial and technical assistance to states to establish The program provided financial and technical assistance to states to establish
residentialresidential Energy Star rated appliance rebate programs.Energy Star rated appliance rebate programs. The program’sThe program’s objectives objectives
were to reduce fossilwere to reduce fossil fuel emissionsfuel emissions created as a result of activitiescreated as a result of activities within the within the
jurisdictionsjurisdictions of eligibleof eligible entities,entities, and to improveand to improve energy efficiency in the residential energy efficiency in the residential
sector. sector.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
State governments, State governments, including U.S. territoriesincluding U.S. territories and possessions and possessions
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Energy efficient appliances Energy efficient appliances
For More Information For More Information
See program number 81.127 at the beta.SAM.gov website. See program number 81.127 at the beta.SAM.gov website.
6. Energy Efficient ~~Appliance~~ Appliance Tax Credit for Manufacturers
Administered Administered by by
Internal Revenue Service Internal Revenue Service
Authority Authority
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C. §45M §45M

Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58), Title XIII, Subtitle C, Section Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58), Title XIII, Subtitle C, Section
1334(a) 1334(a)
Energy ImprovementEnergy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343), Division B, Section and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343), Division B, Section
305 305
Tax Relief,Tax Relief, ~~Unemployment~~ Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010
(P.L. 111-312) (P.L. 111-312)
AmericanAmerican Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA; P.L. 112-240) Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA; P.L. 112-240)
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
December December 31, 2013 31, 2013
Description Description
A tax credit for each manufacturer was limited A tax credit for each manufacturer was limited to a total of $25 to a total of $25 ~~million~~ mil ion for 2011, for 2011,
2012, and 2013 combined. 2012, and 2013 combined.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Industrial; appliance manufacturers Industrial; appliance manufacturers
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Clothes washers; dishwashers; refrigerators Clothes washers; dishwashers; refrigerators
For More Information For More Information
See the IRS website for this credit; IRS form 8909. See the IRS website for this credit; IRS form 8909.
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7. Program of Competitive Grants for Worker Training ~~and~~ and Placement in High
Growth and Emerging Industry Sectors
Administered Administered by by
Employment Training Administration Employment Training Administration
Authority Authority
American American Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5), Title VIII Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5), Title VIII
Annual Funding Annual Funding
Project Grants: Project Grants:
$0 for FY2008$0 for FY2008
$750 $750 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2009 from ARRA which remained available through June 30, 2010 for FY2009 from ARRA which remained available through June 30, 2010
$0 for FY2010-FY2015 $0 for FY2010-FY2015
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
The program had no fixed termination The program had no fixed termination date. It was established and funded by the date. It was established and funded by the
Recovery Act, but the program has not been funded since 2009. It is no longer listed Recovery Act, but the program has not been funded since 2009. It is no longer listed
in the online federal Assistancein the online federal Assistance Listings (formerlyListings (formerly the the Catalog of Federal Domestic
Assistance) at the beta.SAM.gov website. at the beta.SAM.gov website.
Description Description
This program provided competitive This program provided competitive grants for workergrants for worker training and placement in high training and placement in high
growth and emerginggrowth and emerging industry sectors. industry sectors.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
State, local, State, local, and tribal governments; and tribal governments; ~~colleges~~ col eges and universities;and universities; private nonprofit private nonprofit
institutions/organizations institutions/organizations
For More Information For More Information
See the U.S. Department of Labor’s See the U.S. Department of Labor’s (DOL’s)(DOL’s) Training and Employment Notice for this for this
program. program.
8. Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds
Administered Administered by by
Internal Revenue Service Internal Revenue Service
Authority Authority
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C. §54A §54A
26 U.S.C.26 U.S.C. §54D §54D
26 U.S.C.26 U.S.C. §6431 §6431

Energy Improvement Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343) and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343)
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5)
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (P.L. 115-97) Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (P.L. 115-97)
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
December December 31, 2017 31, 2017
Description Description
QECBs were used by state, local, and tribal governments to finance certain types of QECBs were used by state, local, and tribal governments to finance certain types of
energy projects. QECBs,energy projects. QECBs, as tax credit bonds, provided as tax credit bonds, provided ~~federally~~federal y subsidized financing to subsidized financing to
~~all~~ al issuers.issuers. The originalThe original ~~limit~~ limit on the volume of energy conservation tax credit bonds to on the volume of energy conservation tax credit bonds to
be issued by state and local governmentsbe issued by state and local governments was $800 was $800 ~~million.~~ mil ion. The AmericanThe American Recovery Recovery
and Reinvestmentand Reinvestment Act of 2009 expanded the Act of 2009 expanded the ~~allowable~~al owable bond volume bond volume to $3.2 to $3.2 ~~billion~~bil ion. .
P.L. 115-97 permanently repealed severalP.L. 115-97 permanently repealed several tax credit bonds, including QECBs.tax credit bonds, including QECBs.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
State, local, State, local, and tribal governments and tribal governments
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Solar thermal electric; Solar thermal electric; photovoltaics; photovoltaics; ~~landfill~~ landfil gas; wind; biomass; hydroelectric; gas; wind; biomass; hydroelectric;
geothermalgeothermal electric; municipal solid waste; hydrokinetic power; anaerobic digestion; electric; municipal solid waste; hydrokinetic power; anaerobic digestion;
tidal energy; wave energy; ocean thermal tidal energy; wave energy; ocean thermal
For More Information For More Information
IRS Notice 2009-29; IRS Notice 2010-35; IRS Announcement 2010-54; IRS Notice IRS Notice 2009-29; IRS Notice 2010-35; IRS Announcement 2010-54; IRS Notice
2012-44; CRS Report R40523, 2012-44; CRS Report R40523, Tax Credit Bonds: Overview and Analysis,, by Grant A. by Grant A.
DriessenDriessen ~~and Jeffrey M. Stupak;~~ ; and archived CRS Report R41573, Tax-Favored and archived CRS Report R41573, Tax-Favored
~~Financing~~ Financing for Renewable Energy Resources and Energy Efficiency, by for Renewable Energy Resources and Energy Efficiency, by ~~Molly~~Mol y F. Sherlock F. Sherlock
and Steven Maguire. and Steven Maguire.
9. Qualifying Advanced Energy Manufacturing Investment Tax Credit
Administered Administered by by
Internal Revenue Service Internal Revenue Service
Authority Authority
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C. §48C §48C

American American Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5), Division B, Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5), Division B,
Section 1302 Section 1302
IRS Notice 2013-12 Qualifying Advanced Energy Project Credit Phase II IRS Notice 2013-12 Qualifying Advanced Energy Project Credit Phase II
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Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
Applications no longer accepted. Phase concept papers were due to DOE by Applications no longer accepted. Phase concept papers were due to DOE by
4/9/2013; final applications were4/9/2013; final applications were due to DOE on 7/23/2013. due to DOE on 7/23/2013.
Description Description
This tax credit was designed to encourage a U.S.-based renewable This tax credit was designed to encourage a U.S.-based renewable energy energy
manufacturing sector.manufacturing sector. Projects receivingProjects receiving awards were eligibleawards were eligible for a tax credit of 30% for a tax credit of 30%
of the qualified investment required for an advanced energy project. of the qualified investment required for an advanced energy project.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Commercial; Commercial; industrial; manufacturing industrial; manufacturing
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Lighting; lighting controls/sensors; Lighting; lighting controls/sensors; energy conservation technologies:energy conservation technologies: smart grid; smart grid;
solar water heat; solarsolar water heat; solar thermal electric; photovoltaics; wind; geothermalthermal electric; photovoltaics; wind; geothermal electric; electric;
fuel fuel ~~cells;~~ cel s; geothermal heat pumps; batteries and energy storage; advanced geothermal heat pumps; batteries and energy storage; advanced
transmissiontransmission technologies that support renewabletechnologies that support renewable energy generation; renewable energy generation; renewable
fuels; fuel fuels; fuel ~~cells~~cel s using renewable using renewable fuels; microturbines fuels; microturbines
For More Information For More Information
See DOE’s 48C Manufacturing Tax Credits Fact Sheet; EERE’s FAQ web page for See DOE’s 48C Manufacturing Tax Credits Fact Sheet; EERE’s FAQ web page for
48C Phase II Program; and the IRS’s 48C web page. 48C Phase II Program; and the IRS’s 48C web page.
10. Renewable Energy Grants (1603 Program)
Administered Administered by by
U.S. Department of the Treasury U.S. Department of the Treasury
Authority Authority
Tax Relief, Tax Relief, ~~Unemployment~~ Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010
(P.L. 111-312), Section 707 (P.L. 111-312), Section 707
AmericanAmerican Recovery and ReinvestmentRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2010 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Division B, Act of 2010 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) Division B,
Sections 1104 and 1603 Sections 1104 and 1603
U.S. Department of Treasury: U.S. Department of Treasury: Grant Program Guidance (amended) Grant Program Guidance (amended)
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
Construction must have begun by December Construction must have begun by December 31, 2011. Applications must have been 31, 2011. Applications must have been
submitted before October 1, 2012. submitted before October 1, 2012.
Description Description
The purpose of the 1603 payment was to reimburse The purpose of the 1603 payment was to reimburse ~~eligible~~ eligible applicants for a portion applicants for a portion
of the cost of of the cost of ~~installing~~instal ing specified specified energy property used in a trade or business or for energy property used in a trade or business or for
the production of income. the production of income.
Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Commercial; Commercial; Industrial; Agricultural Industrial; Agricultural
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Solar water heat; solar space heat; solar thermal Solar water heat; solar space heat; solar thermal electric; solar thermalelectric; solar thermal process heat; process heat;
photovoltaics; photovoltaics; ~~landfill~~ landfil gas; wind; biomass; hydroelectric;gas; wind; biomass; hydroelectric; geothermal electric;geothermal electric; fuel fuel
~~cells~~cel s; geothermal; geothermal heat pumps; municipal solid waste; CHP/cogeneration; solar hybrid heat pumps; municipal solid waste; CHP/cogeneration; solar hybrid
lighting; hydrokinetic; anaerobic digestion; tidal energy; wave energy; ocean thermal; lighting; hydrokinetic; anaerobic digestion; tidal energy; wave energy; ocean thermal;
microturbines microturbines
For More Information For More Information
See the Treasury’s See the Treasury’s 1603 website; 1603 program guidance; and archived CRS Report 1603 website; 1603 program guidance; and archived CRS Report
R41635, ARRA Section 1603 Grants in Lieu of Tax Credits for Renewable Energy: R41635, ARRA Section 1603 Grants in Lieu of Tax Credits for Renewable Energy:
Overview,Overview, Analysis, and Policy OptionsAnalysis, and Policy Options~~, by Phillip~~, by Phil ip Brown and Brown and ~~Molly~~Mol y F. Sherlock. F. Sherlock.
11. Repowering Assistance Program (RAP)
Administered Administered by by
Rural Development Rural Development (USDA) (USDA)
Authority Authority
Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title IX, Section 9004 Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), Title IX, Section 9004
Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79). Title IX, Section 9004 Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79). Title IX, Section 9004
AgricultureAgriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334) Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334)
Annual Funding Annual Funding
•  Mandatory: Under the 2014 farm Mandatory: Under the 2014 farm ~~bill,~~ bil , mandatory funding of $12 mandatory funding of $12 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2014 for FY2014
was authorized, to remainwas authorized, to remain available until expended (i.e.,available until expended (i.e., no new baseline funding after no new baseline funding after
FY2014). For FY2015, CongressFY2014). For FY2015, Congress reduced available funds by $8 reduced available funds by $8 ~~million~~ mil ion through the through the
FY2015 agricultural appropriations act (P.L. 113-235). Under the agricultural FY2015 agricultural appropriations act (P.L. 113-235). Under the agricultural
appropriations act for FY2013 (P.L. 113-6), Congress directed that funds available for appropriations act for FY2013 (P.L. 113-6), Congress directed that funds available for
this program be reduced by $28 this program be reduced by $28 ~~million.~~
mil ion. Under the 2008 farm Under the 2008 farm ~~bill~~ bil (P.L. 113-79) mandatory funding of $35 (P.L. 113-79) mandatory funding of $35 ~~million~~ mil ion for FY2009, for FY2009,
was authorized to remainwas authorized to remain available until expended. available until expended.
•  Discretionary:Discretionary: The 2014 farm The 2014 farm ~~bill~~ bil authorized discretionaryauthorized discretionary funding of $10 funding of $10 ~~million~~
~~annually~~mil ion annual y to be appropriated for FY2014-FY2018, but no discretionary funding was to be appropriated for FY2014-FY2018, but no discretionary funding was
appropriated through FY2018. appropriated through FY2018.
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Discretionary Discretionary funding of $15 funding of $15 ~~million annually~~mil ion annual y for FY2009-FY2013 was authorized to be for FY2009-FY2013 was authorized to be
appropriated under the 2008 farm appropriated under the 2008 farm ~~bill~~ bil and the Americanand the American Taxpayer ReliefTaxpayer Relief Act of 2012 Act of 2012
(ATRA; P.L. 112-240, §701) extension. Of this amount, $15 (ATRA; P.L. 112-240, §701) extension. Of this amount, $15 ~~million~~ mil ion was appropriated was appropriated
in FY2010 through FY2013. in FY2010 through FY2013.
Scheduled Termination Scheduled Termination
The program had no fixed termination The program had no fixed termination date. It was authorized through FY2018, but date. It was authorized through FY2018, but
then repealed by the 2018 farm then repealed by the 2018 farm ~~bill.~~
bil . Description Description
The Repowering Assistance Program The Repowering Assistance Program (RAP) made payments to eligible(RAP) made payments to eligible biorefineries biorefineries
(those in existence on the June 18, 2008, enactment of the 2008 farm (those in existence on the June 18, 2008, enactment of the 2008 farm ~~bill~~bil ) to ) to
encourage the use of renewable biomassencourage the use of renewable biomass as a replacementas a replacement for fossilfor fossil fuels used to fuels used to
provide heat for processing or power in the operation of these eligibleprovide heat for processing or power in the operation of these eligible biorefineries. biorefineries.
Not moreNot more than 5% of the funds werethan 5% of the funds were made available to eligiblemade available to eligible producers with a producers with a
refining capacity exceeding 150 refining capacity exceeding 150 ~~million gallons~~mil ion gal ons of advanced biofuel per year. of advanced biofuel per year. RAP was RAP was
repealed by the 2018 farm repealed by the 2018 farm ~~bill.~~
bil . Qualified Applicant(s) Qualified Applicant(s)
Eligible biorefineries Eligible biorefineries in existence on or before June 18, 2008. in existence on or before June 18, 2008.
Qualified Technologies Qualified Technologies
Renewable biomass Renewable biomass
For More Information For More Information
See the USDA program website; CRS In Focus IF10288, See the USDA program website; CRS In Focus IF10288, Overview of the 2018 Farm ~~Bill~~
Bil Energy Title Programs,, by Kelsiby Kelsi Bracmort; and CRS Report R43416, Bracmort; and CRS Report R43416, Energy Provisions in
the 2014 Farm ~~Bill~~Bil (P.L. 113-79): Status and Funding, by Kelsi, by Kelsi Bracmort.Bracmort.
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Appendix D. Summary of Expired Federal
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
Incentives/Index of Programs
Table D-1. Expired Federal Incentives by Agency
Administering
U.S. Code
Agency
Program
Description
Citation
Expiration Date
Department of Department of
Repowering Repowering
Provided financial Provided financial
7 U.S.C. §8104 7 U.S.C. §8104
Authorized Authorized
Agriculture Agriculture
Assistance Assistance Program Program
incentives to biorefineries incentives to biorefineries
through FY2018 through FY2018
in existence on June 18, in existence on June 18,
2008, to replace the use of 2008, to replace the use of
fossilfossil fuels used to produce fuels used to produce
heat or power by heat or power by ~~installing~~instal ing
new systemsnew systems that use that use
renewable biomassrenewable biomass or to or to
produce new energy from produce new energy from
renewable biomass renewable biomass
Department of Department of
Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency
Grants financed energy Grants financed energy
42 U.S.C. 42 U.S.C.
Authorized Authorized
Energy Energy
and Conservation and Conservation
efficiency and conservation efficiency and conservation
§§17151-17158 §§17151-17158
~~through FY2012a~~through FY2012a
Block Grants Block Grants
programs/projects programs/projects in local in local
Program Program
communities communities and and
renewable energy renewable energy
~~installations~~instal ations on government on government
buildings buildings
Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency
Provided financial Provided financial
42 U.S.C. 42 U.S.C.
Authorized Authorized
and Renewable and Renewable
assistance for deployment, assistance for deployment,
§§16191 et seq. §§16191 et seq.
through FY2015 through FY2015
Energy Technology Energy Technology
demonstration, demonstration, and and
and and
Deployment, Deployment,
commercialization commercialization of of
Demonstration, Demonstration, and energy efficiency and and energy efficiency and
42 U.S.C. 42 U.S.C.
Commercialization Commercialization
renewable energy renewable energy
§§16231 et seq. §§16231 et seq.
Grant Program Grant Program
technologies technologies
Energy Efficient Energy Efficient
Provided financial and Provided financial and
42 U.S.C. 42 U.S.C. §15821 Authorized §15821 Authorized
Appliance Rebate Appliance Rebate
technical assistance to technical assistance to
through FY2010 through FY2010
Program Program
states to establish states to establish
residentialresidential Energy Star Energy Star
rated appliance rebate rated appliance rebate
programs programs
Department of Department of
Clean Renewable Clean Renewable
Bonds financed renewable Bonds financed renewable
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C. §54 §54
12/31/2017 12/31/2017
Treasury/Internal Treasury/Internal
Energy Bonds Energy Bonds
energy projects energy projects
(old CREBs); 26 (old CREBs); 26
Revenue Service Revenue Service
(CREBs) (CREBs)
U.S.C. U.S.C. §54A; and §54A; and
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C.
§54C(New §54C(New
CREBs) CREBs)

Energy Efficient Energy Efficient
A tax credit for each A tax credit for each
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C. §45M §45M
12/31/2013 12/31/2013
Appliance Tax Appliance Tax
manufacturer was limited manufacturer was limited
Credit for Credit for
to a total of $25 to a total of $25 ~~million~~ mil ion for for
Manufacturers Manufacturers
2011, 2012, and 2013 2011, 2012, and 2013
combined combined

Qualified Energy Qualified Energy
Bond authority was Bond authority was
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C. §54A §54A
12/31/2017 12/31/2017
Conservation Conservation
~~allocated~~al ocated to state, local, to state, local,
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C. §54D §54D
Bonds (QECBs) Bonds (QECBs)
and tribal governments to and tribal governments to
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C. §6431 §6431
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Administering
U.S. Code
Agency
Program
Description
Citation
Expiration Date
finance a broad range of finance a broad range of
energy efficiency and energy efficiency and
renewable energy projects renewable energy projects

Qualifying Qualifying
Tax credit was designed to Tax credit was designed to
26 U.S.C. 26 U.S.C. §48C §48C
7/23/2013 7/23/2013
Advanced Energy Advanced Energy
encourage a U.S.-based encourage a U.S.-based
Manufacturing Manufacturing
renewable energy renewable energy
Investment Credit Investment Credit
manufacturing sector manufacturing sector

Renewable Energy Renewable Energy
Purpose of the 1603 Purpose of the 1603
No U.S. Code No U.S. Code
Construction had Construction had
Grants (1603 Grants (1603
payment was to reimburse payment was to reimburse
citation; see P.L. citation; see P.L.
to begin by to begin by
Program) Program)
eligible eligible applicants for a applicants for a
111-5 (ARRA) 111-5 (ARRA)
12/31/2011; 12/31/2011;
portion of the cost of portion of the cost of
§1603(a) §1603(a)
the last day to the last day to
~~installing~~instal ing specified energy specified energy
submit applications submit applications
property used in a trade or property used in a trade or
was 10/1/2012) was 10/1/2012)
business or for the business or for the
production of income production of income
Department of Department of
Assisted Assisted Housing Housing
Program provided funding Program provided funding
No U.S. Code No U.S. Code
End of FY2012 End of FY2012
Housing and Housing and
Stability and Energy Stability and Energy
for energy and green for energy and green
citation; see P.L. citation; see P.L.
Urban Urban
and Green and Green Retrofit Retrofit
retrofit investments retrofit investments to to
111-5 (ARRA) 111-5 (ARRA)
Development Development
Investments Investments
certain eligible certain eligible assisted, assisted,
(HUD) (HUD)
Program (Recovery Program (Recovery
affordable multifamily affordable multifamily
Act Funded) Act Funded)
properties. properties. Funding Funding
included incentives for included incentives for
participating property participating property
owners,owners, a set-aside for a set-aside for
~~administrative~~ administrative functions, functions,
and a set-aside for due and a set-aside for due
diligence and underwriting diligence and underwriting
support. Assistancesupport. Assistance was for was for
specific retrofit purposes specific retrofit purposes
Department of Department of
Program of Program of
Intended to preserve Intended to preserve and and
See Notes field See Notes field
None None
Labor Labor
Competitive Competitive ~~Grants~~ Grants create jobs; promote create jobs; promote
for Worker for Worker
economic economic recovery; assist recovery; assist
Training and Training and
those most those most impacted by impacted by
Placement in High Placement in High
the recession; the recession; provide provide
Growth and Growth and
investments; and invest in investments; and invest in
Emerging Industry Emerging Industry
infrastructure infrastructure
Sectors Sectors
Source: CRS. CRS.
Notes: Some programs Some programs are not are not ~~specifically~~ specifical y identified or codified in the identified or codified in the U.S. Code. .
a. The EECBG program was designed as a part of the Recovery Act (P.L. 111-5), with a one-time a. The EECBG program was designed as a part of the Recovery Act (P.L. 111-5), with a one-time
appropriation in FY2009. Due to the size of the appropriation, funds were appropriation in FY2009. Due to the size of the appropriation, funds were let out over multiplelet out over multiple fiscal years. fiscal years.
DOE had an evaluation of the EECBG program. For moreDOE had an evaluation of the EECBG program. For more details,details, ~~see~~ see DOE’s evaluation resultsDOE’s evaluation results website. website.

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Author Information

Lynn J. Cunningham Lynn J. Cunningham
Rachel J. Eck Rachel J. Eck
Senior Research Librarian Senior Research Librarian
Research Librarian Research Librarian

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