The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An Appropriations Overview

Changes from December 15, 2020 to July 1, 2021

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The National Institute of Standards and
~~December 15, 2020~~July 1, 2021
Technology: An Appropriations Overview
John F. Sargent Jr.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), a laboratory of the Department of The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), a laboratory of the Department of
Specialist in Science and Specialist in Science and
Commerce, is mandated to provide technical services to facilitate the competitiveness of U.S. Commerce, is mandated to provide technical services to facilitate the competitiveness of U.S.
Technology Policy Technology Policy
industry. NIST is directed to offer support to the private sector for the development of industry. NIST is directed to offer support to the private sector for the development of

precompetitive generic technologies and the diffusion of government-developed innovation to precompetitive generic technologies and the diffusion of government-developed innovation to
users in all segments of the American economy. Laboratory research is to provide measurement, users in all segments of the American economy. Laboratory research is to provide measurement,

calibration, and quality assurance techniques that underpin U.S. commerce, technological calibration, and quality assurance techniques that underpin U.S. commerce, technological
progress, improved product reliability, manufacturing processes, and public safety. progress, improved product reliability, manufacturing processes, and public safety.
Concerns about the adequacy of federal funding for physical science and engineering research led to efforts by successive Concerns about the adequacy of federal funding for physical science and engineering research led to efforts by successive
Presidents and Congresses to double funding for the NIST laboratory and construction accounts, together with the National Presidents and Congresses to double funding for the NIST laboratory and construction accounts, together with the National
Science Foundation and the Department of Energy Office of Science. President Bush’s proposal was to do so over 10 years; Science Foundation and the Department of Energy Office of Science. President Bush’s proposal was to do so over 10 years;
the America COMPETES Act (P.L. 110-69) set authorization levels consistent with a seven-year doubling and the America the America COMPETES Act (P.L. 110-69) set authorization levels consistent with a seven-year doubling and the America
COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 set authorization levels consistent with an 11-year doubling. However, COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 set authorization levels consistent with an 11-year doubling. However,
appropriations did not keep pace with authorization levels or presidential requests. In addition, the appropriations did not keep pace with authorization levels or presidential requests. In addition, the ~~appropriations~~
~~authorizations~~authorization levels for the accounts targeted for doubling lapsed at the end of FY2013. Appropriations for the targeted NIST for the accounts targeted for doubling lapsed at the end of FY2013. Appropriations for the targeted NIST
accounts increased by accounts increased by 42.3% (a 3.6% compound annual growth rate) ~~42.3%~~ from FY2006 to FY2016. from FY2006 to FY2016.
Funding for NIST extramural programs directed toward increased private sector commercialization has been a topic of Funding for NIST extramural programs directed toward increased private sector commercialization has been a topic of
congressional debate. Some Members of Congress have expressed skepticism over a “technology policy” based on providing congressional debate. Some Members of Congress have expressed skepticism over a “technology policy” based on providing
federal funds to industry for development of precompetitive generic technologies. This approach, coupled with pressures to federal funds to industry for development of precompetitive generic technologies. This approach, coupled with pressures to
balance the federal budget, led to significant reductions in funding for NIST. The Advanced Technology Program (ATP) and balance the federal budget, led to significant reductions in funding for NIST. The Advanced Technology Program (ATP) and
the Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP), which accounted for over 50% of the FY1995 NIST budget, were the Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP), which accounted for over 50% of the FY1995 NIST budget, were
subsequently proposed for elimination. In 2007, ATP was terminated and replaced by the Technology Innovation Program subsequently proposed for elimination. In 2007, ATP was terminated and replaced by the Technology Innovation Program
(TIP). TIP was subsequently defunded in the FY2012 appropriations legislation. President Trump (TIP). TIP was subsequently defunded in the FY2012 appropriations legislation. President Trump ~~has~~ proposed the proposed the
elimination of federal funding for the MEP program in fiscal years 2018 to 2021. elimination of federal funding for the MEP program in fiscal years 2018 to 2021.
In December 2014, Congress enacted the Revitalize American Manufacturing and Innovation Act of 2014 (Title VII of In December 2014, Congress enacted the Revitalize American Manufacturing and Innovation Act of 2014 (Title VII of
Division B of P.L. 113-235), establishing a Network for Manufacturing Innovation (also referred to as Manufacturing USA). Division B of P.L. 113-235), establishing a Network for Manufacturing Innovation (also referred to as Manufacturing USA).
The explanatory statement accompanying the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L. 114-113) directed NIST to use an The explanatory statement accompanying the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L. 114-113) directed NIST to use an
open competition to select the technological focus areas of industry-driven manufacturing institutes. Upon completion of its open competition to select the technological focus areas of industry-driven manufacturing institutes. Upon completion of its
first competition, NIST announced its selection of the National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals first competition, NIST announced its selection of the National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals
(NIIMBL). In total, (NIIMBL). In total, 1416 NNMI institutes have been sponsored by the Department of Defense (DOD, NNMI institutes have been sponsored by the Department of Defense (DOD, ~~eight~~nine institutes), institutes),
Department of Energy (six institutes), and Department of Commerce (one institute).Department of Energy (six institutes), and Department of Commerce (one institute). ~~A new DOD-sponsored instituted is~~
~~being competed in FY2020. A second NIST-sponsored institute has been requested in the President’s budget.~~
For For ~~FY2020~~FY2021, Congress provided $1,034., Congress provided $1,034.~~0 billion~~5 million for NIST, including $ for NIST, including $~~754~~788.0 million for the Scientific and Technical .0 million for the Scientific and Technical
Research and Services (STRS) account, $Research and Services (STRS) account, $~~162.0~~166.5 million for the Industrial Technology Services (ITS) account, and $ million for the Industrial Technology Services (ITS) account, and $~~118~~80.0 .0
million for the Construction of Research Facilities (CRF) account. Within the ITS account, Congress provided $million for the Construction of Research Facilities (CRF) account. Within the ITS account, Congress provided $~~146~~150.0 million .0 million
for the Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) program and $16.for the Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) program and $16.05 million for Manufacturing USA, including ongoing million for Manufacturing USA, including ongoing
support for NIST’s first institute, support for NIST’s first institute, ~~the National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals (NIIMBL)~~NIIMBL, and , and
support for coordination of the Manufacturing USA network. support for coordination of the Manufacturing USA network.
The President is requesting $ The President is requesting $~~737.5~~1,497.2 million for NIST in million for NIST in ~~FY2021, a decrease of $296.5 million (28.7%) from the FY2020~~
~~enacted appropriation of $1,034.0 million. Included in the FY2021 request is $652~~FY2022, an increase of $462.7 million (44.7%) from the FY2021 enacted level. Included in the FY2022 request is $915.6 million for the STRS account, million for the STRS account, ~~a decrease~~
~~of $102.0~~an increase of $127.6 million ( million (~~13.5%); $25.3~~16.2%); $441.6 million for the ITS account, million for the ITS account, ~~down $136.7~~up $275.1 million ( million (~~84.4~~165.2%); and $%); and $~~60.2~~140.0 million for the NIST million for the NIST
CRF accountCRF account ~~for FY2020, down $57.8~~ , up $60 million (million (4975.0%). Within the ITS account, the request would provide .0%). Within the ITS account, the request would provide ~~no funding~~$275.0 million for the for the
Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) programManufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) program~~, a reduction of $146.0 million from the FY2020~~ in FY2022, an increase $125.0 million (83.3%) from the FY2021 enacted level. The enacted level. The
~~FY2021~~FY2022 ITS request includes $ ITS request includes $~~25.3~~166.6 million for Manufacturing USA, an increase of $ million for Manufacturing USA, an increase of $~~9.3~~150.1 million ( million (~~58.1~~909.7%). Of these funds, %). Of these funds,
~~$20.0 million would be for the award and initial funding of a second Manufacturing USA institute; and $5.3 million would be~~
~~for coordination of the Manufacturing USA network. All changes are from the FY2020 enacted levels~~$5.0 million is requested for coordination of the network of manufacturing institutes; $1.7 million is requested for grants to develop industrial technology roadmaps; $10.0 million is requested for support of the current NIST Manufacturing USA institute, NIIMBL; and $150.0 million is requested for the award and funding of two additional Manufacturing USA institutes. .
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The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An Appropriations Overview

Mission
The U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC) National Institute of Standards and Technology The U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC) National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST) is the “lead national laboratory for providing the measurements, calibrations, and quality (NIST) is the “lead national laboratory for providing the measurements, calibrations, and quality
assurance techniques which underpin United States commerce, technological progress, improved assurance techniques which underpin United States commerce, technological progress, improved
product reliability and manufacturing processes, and public safety.”1 product reliability and manufacturing processes, and public safety.”1
By statute, NIST is “to assist private sector initiatives to capitalize on advanced technology; to By statute, NIST is “to assist private sector initiatives to capitalize on advanced technology; to
advance, through cooperative efforts among industries, universities, and government laboratories, advance, through cooperative efforts among industries, universities, and government laboratories,
promising research and development projects, which can be optimized by the private sector for promising research and development projects, which can be optimized by the private sector for
commercial and industrial applications; and to promote shared risks, accelerated development, commercial and industrial applications; and to promote shared risks, accelerated development,
and pooling of skills which will be necessary to strengthen America’s manufacturing industries.”2 and pooling of skills which will be necessary to strengthen America’s manufacturing industries.”2
NIST conducts leading-edge research in its seven research laboratories located in facilities in NIST conducts leading-edge research in its seven research laboratories located in facilities in
Gaithersburg, MD, and Boulder, CO.3 NIST employs approximately 3,000 scientists, engineers, Gaithersburg, MD, and Boulder, CO.3 NIST employs approximately 3,000 scientists, engineers,
technicians, and support personnel, and hosts about 3,500 guest researchers and associates from technicians, and support personnel, and hosts about 3,500 guest researchers and associates from
academia, industry, and other government agencies, who collaborate with NIST staff and access academia, industry, and other government agencies, who collaborate with NIST staff and access
user facilities. Research is focused on measurement, standards, test methods, and basic user facilities. Research is focused on measurement, standards, test methods, and basic
“infrastructural technologies” that enable development of advanced technologies. Infrastructural “infrastructural technologies” that enable development of advanced technologies. Infrastructural
technologies assist industry in characterizing new materials, monitoring production processes, technologies assist industry in characterizing new materials, monitoring production processes,
and ensuring the quality of new product lines. Cooperative research with industry to overcome and ensuring the quality of new product lines. Cooperative research with industry to overcome
technical barriers to commercialization of emerging technologies is a major component of NIST’s technical barriers to commercialization of emerging technologies is a major component of NIST’s
work. work.
In addition, NIST manages extramural programs such as the Hollings Manufacturing Extension In addition, NIST manages extramural programs such as the Hollings Manufacturing Extension
Partnership (MEP) program and Partnership (MEP) program and ~~the Network for Manufacturing Innovation (NMI, also referred~~
~~to as Manufacturing USA)~~Manufacturing USA. Several other extramural programs previously conducted by NIST . Several other extramural programs previously conducted by NIST
have been eliminated or integrated into other NIST activities. These programs are discussed in the have been eliminated or integrated into other NIST activities. These programs are discussed in the
next section. next section.
History and Selected Statutory Authorities
Unlike most federal laboratories, NIST has a mission specified by statute (15 U.S.C. 271-282a), Unlike most federal laboratories, NIST has a mission specified by statute (15 U.S.C. 271-282a),
has a separate authorization and appropriation, and is headed by a Senate-confirmed presidential has a separate authorization and appropriation, and is headed by a Senate-confirmed presidential
appointee (the Under Secretary of Commerce for Technology and Standards). NIST was appointee (the Under Secretary of Commerce for Technology and Standards). NIST was
originally created by the NBS Organic Act of 1901 (P.L. 56-177) as the National Bureau of originally created by the NBS Organic Act of 1901 (P.L. 56-177) as the National Bureau of
Standards (NBS), at a time when the first centralized industrial labs were being established.4 Standards (NBS), at a time when the first centralized industrial labs were being established.4
Under the act, NBS was charged with working on “the solution of problems which arise in Under the act, NBS was charged with working on “the solution of problems which arise in
connection with standards” and to engage in the “determination of physical constants and the connection with standards” and to engage in the “determination of physical constants and the
properties of materials, when such data are of great importance to scientific or manufacturing properties of materials, when such data are of great importance to scientific or manufacturing
interests and are not to be obtained of sufficient accuracy elsewhere.” These objectives remain central to NIST’s laboratory work today.
1 §5111, Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-418). 1 §5111, Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-418).
2 Ibid. 2 Ibid.
3 The seven laboratories are the Materials Measurement Laboratory, Physical Measurement Laboratory, Engineering 3 The seven laboratories are the Materials Measurement Laboratory, Physical Measurement Laboratory, Engineering
Laboratory, Information Technology Laboratory, Communications Technology Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Laboratory, Information Technology Laboratory, Communications Technology Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale
Science and Technology, and Center for Neutron Research. Science and Technology, and Center for Neutron Research.
4 General Electric Research Laboratory, widely recognized as the first industrial research facility, was established in 4 General Electric Research Laboratory, widely recognized as the first industrial research facility, was established in
1900 in Schenectady, NY. 1900 in Schenectady, NY.
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~~interests and are not to be obtained of sufficient accuracy elsewhere.” These objectives remain~~
~~central to NIST’s laboratory work today.~~
Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Improvement Act of 1987
In 1987, the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Improvement Act of 1987 (P.L. 100-107) In 1987, the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Improvement Act of 1987 (P.L. 100-107)
established the established the ~~Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award~~Baldrige Performance Excellence Program under the management of NBS.5 The under the management of NBS.5 The
act directs the President or the Secretary of Commerce to “periodically make the award to act directs the President or the Secretary of Commerce to “periodically make the award to
companies and other organizations which in the judgment of the President or the Secretary have companies and other organizations which in the judgment of the President or the Secretary have
substantially benefited the economic or social well-being of the United States through substantially benefited the economic or social well-being of the United States through
improvements in the quality of their goods or services resulting from the effective practice of improvements in the quality of their goods or services resulting from the effective practice of
quality management, and which as a consequence are deserving of special recognition.”6 quality management, and which as a consequence are deserving of special recognition.”6
Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988
The following year, amid widespread concerns about the state of U.S. industrial competitiveness, The following year, amid widespread concerns about the state of U.S. industrial competitiveness,
the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-418) significantly expanded the the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-418) significantly expanded the
role of NIST as the “lead national laboratory for providing the measurements, calibrations, and role of NIST as the “lead national laboratory for providing the measurements, calibrations, and
quality assurance techniques which underpin United States commerce, technological progress, quality assurance techniques which underpin United States commerce, technological progress,
improved product reliability and manufacturing processes, and public safety” by “moderniz[ing] improved product reliability and manufacturing processes, and public safety” by “moderniz[ing]
and restructur[ing] that agency to augment its unique ability to enhance the competitiveness of and restructur[ing] that agency to augment its unique ability to enhance the competitiveness of
American industry.”7 The act also changed the name from NBS to the National Institute of American industry.”7 The act also changed the name from NBS to the National Institute of
Standards and Technology to reflect its expanded mission. In addition to its long-standing work in Standards and Technology to reflect its expanded mission. In addition to its long-standing work in
standards and metrology,8 NIST was directed to offer support to the private sector for the standards and metrology,8 NIST was directed to offer support to the private sector for the
development of precompetitive generic technologies and the diffusion of government-developed development of precompetitive generic technologies and the diffusion of government-developed
innovation to users in all segments of the U.S. economy. Among its provisions, the act established innovation to users in all segments of the U.S. economy. Among its provisions, the act established
the Advanced Technology Program (ATP), and a program now known as the Hollings the Advanced Technology Program (ATP), and a program now known as the Hollings
Manufacturing Extension Partnership program. Manufacturing Extension Partnership program.
Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership Program
The MEP is a program of regional centers that assist smaller, U.S.-based manufacturing The MEP is a program of regional centers that assist smaller, U.S.-based manufacturing
companies in identifying and adopting new technologies. Operating under the auspices of NIST, companies in identifying and adopting new technologies. Operating under the auspices of NIST,
centers in all 50 states and Puerto Rico provide technical and managerial assistance to firms. centers in all 50 states and Puerto Rico provide technical and managerial assistance to firms.
Federal funding for the centers is matched by nonfederal sources.9 Federal funding for the centers is matched by nonfederal sources.9
Advanced Technology Program
The Advanced Technology Program was designed “to serve as a focal point for cooperation The Advanced Technology Program was designed “to serve as a focal point for cooperation
between the public and private sectors in the development of industrial technology,” according to between the public and private sectors in the development of industrial technology,” according to
the report accompanying the bill, and to help solve “problems of concern to large segments of an the report accompanying the bill, and to help solve “problems of concern to large segments of an
industry.” Placed within the National Institute of Standards and Technology in recognition of the industry.” Placed within the National Institute of Standards and Technology in recognition of the
laboratory’s ongoing relationship with industry, ATP provided seed funding to single companies laboratory’s ongoing relationship with industry, ATP provided seed funding to single companies
or to industry-led consortia of universities, businesses, and/or government laboratories for or to industry-led consortia of universities, businesses, and/or government laboratories for
development of generic (broad-based), precompetitive technologies that have many applications across industries. Awards, based on technical and business merit, were for high-risk work past the basic research stage but not yet ready for commercialization. Market potential was an important
5 The program is currently managed under NIST’s Baldrige Performance Excellence Program. 5 The program is currently managed under NIST’s Baldrige Performance Excellence Program.
6 Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Improvement Act of 1987 (P.L. 100-107). 6 Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Improvement Act of 1987 (P.L. 100-107).
7 §5111, P.L. 100-107. 7 §5111, P.L. 100-107.
8 Metrology is the science of measurement. 8 Metrology is the science of measurement.
9 For additional information on the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership program, see CRS Report R44308, 9 For additional information on the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership program, see CRS Report R44308,
The Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership Program, by John F. Sargent Jr. , by John F. Sargent Jr.
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~~development of generic (broad-based), precompetitive technologies that have many applications~~
~~across industries. Awards, based on technical and business merit, were for high-risk work past the~~
~~basic research stage but not yet ready for commercialization. Market potential was an important~~
consideration in project selection. Scientific and technical review generally was performed by consideration in project selection. Scientific and technical review generally was performed by
federal and academic experts. Business plan assessments were made by individuals from the federal and academic experts. Business plan assessments were made by individuals from the
private sector. private sector.
America COMPETES Act/America COMPETES Reauthorization
Act of 2010
The America COMPETES Act (P.L. 110-69) and the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act The America COMPETES Act (P.L. 110-69) and the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act
of 2010 (P.L. 111-358) authorized NIST appropriations and several programs and activities. of 2010 (P.L. 111-358) authorized NIST appropriations and several programs and activities.
Technology Innovation Program
In 2007, the America COMPETES Act replaced ATP with a new program, the Technology In 2007, the America COMPETES Act replaced ATP with a new program, the Technology
Innovation Program (TIP). While similar to ATP in the promotion of R&D expected to be of Innovation Program (TIP). While similar to ATP in the promotion of R&D expected to be of
broad-based economic benefit to the nation, TIP appeared to have been structured to avoid what broad-based economic benefit to the nation, TIP appeared to have been structured to avoid what
was seen as government funding of large firms that opponents argued did not necessarily need was seen as government funding of large firms that opponents argued did not necessarily need
federal support for research. The committee report to accompany H.R. 1868, part of which was federal support for research. The committee report to accompany H.R. 1868, part of which was
incorporated into P.L. 110-69, stated that TIP replaced ATP in consideration of a changing global incorporated into P.L. 110-69, stated that TIP replaced ATP in consideration of a changing global
innovation environment focusing on small and medium-sized companies. The design of the innovation environment focusing on small and medium-sized companies. The design of the
program also “acknowledges the important role universities play in the innovation cycle by program also “acknowledges the important role universities play in the innovation cycle by
allowing universities to fully participate in the program.”10 Appropriations for TIP were provided allowing universities to fully participate in the program.”10 Appropriations for TIP were provided
from FY2008 to FY2011; no appropriations have been provided for TIP since FY2011. from FY2008 to FY2011; no appropriations have been provided for TIP since FY2011.
NIST Doubling Effort
The America COMPETES Act authorized appropriations for NIST accounts for FY2008-FY2010, The America COMPETES Act authorized appropriations for NIST accounts for FY2008-FY2010,
and the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 authorized appropriations for NIST and the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 authorized appropriations for NIST
accounts for FY2011-FY2013. The authorization levels for NIST were part of a larger effort to accounts for FY2011-FY2013. The authorization levels for NIST were part of a larger effort to
double funding for selected accounts—all of the National Science Foundation, the Department of double funding for selected accounts—all of the National Science Foundation, the Department of
Energy Office of Science, and the NIST laboratory and construction accounts—that support Energy Office of Science, and the NIST laboratory and construction accounts—that support
physical sciences and engineering research.11 Congress’s appropriations fell short of the physical sciences and engineering research.11 Congress’s appropriations fell short of the
authorizations in these actsauthorizations in these acts~~, and President Obama’s FY2017 request did not refer to the doubling~~
~~goal. President Trump has not referenced the doubling goal in his budgets through FY2021~~. No presidential budget request has referenced the America COMPETES Act doubling goal since FY2017. .
Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012
As part of the Public Safety Trust Fund provided for in the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job As part of the Public Safety Trust Fund provided for in the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job
Creation Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-96), a share of Creation Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-96), a share of Federal Communications Commission (FCC) spectrum auction proceeds are to be made available spectrum auction proceeds are to be made available
to NIST as part of a Wireless Innovation (WIN) Fund to help develop cutting-edge wireless to NIST as part of a Wireless Innovation (WIN) Fund to help develop cutting-edge wireless
technologies for public safety users. WIN funds are to be used for developing leading-edge technologies for public safety users. WIN funds are to be used for developing leading-edge
wireless technologies for public safety users, including helping industry and public safety wireless technologies for public safety users, including helping industry and public safety
organizations conduct research and develop new standards, technologies, and applications to advance public safety communications in support of the initiative’s efforts to build an interoperable nationwide broadband network for first responders. According to NIST,
10 For more information on the Technology Innovation Program, see CRS Report RS22815, 10 For more information on the Technology Innovation Program, see CRS Report RS22815, The Technology Innovation
Program, by Wendy H. Schacht (available to congressional clients upon request to CRS). , by Wendy H. Schacht (available to congressional clients upon request to CRS).
11 For more information on the doubling effort, see CRS Report R41951, 11 For more information on the doubling effort, see CRS Report R41951, An Analysis of Efforts to Double Federal
Funding for Physical Sciences and Engineering Research, by John F. Sargent Jr. , by John F. Sargent Jr.
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~~organizations conduct research and develop new standards, technologies, and applications to~~
~~advance public safety communications in support of the initiative’s efforts to build an~~
~~interoperable nationwide broadband network for first responders. The spectrum auction provided~~
~~NIST with approximately $285.0 million for this purpose;12 efforts began in FY2015 and are~~
~~continuing in FY2020.~~
The fund’s availability extends through 2022 and began to execute in FY 2015; $92.7 million was transferred to NIST in FY 2015, $7.3 million was released from sequester in FY 2016, an additional $186.4 million was transferred in FY 2016, and $13.6 million was released from sequester in FY 2017. Currently, WIN has $108.7 million in total resources with $71.9 million available for obligation in FY 2021 and $36.8 million to be available in FY 2022. Additional transfers to NIST from NTIA are possible as proceeds from the spectrum auctions become available.12 The Revitalize American Manufacturing and Innovation Act of 2014 and Subsequent Amendments: Manufacturing USA ~~2014~~
In his FY2013 budget, President Obama proposed the creation of a National Network for In his FY2013 budget, President Obama proposed the creation of a National Network for
Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI) to help accelerate innovation by investing in industrially Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI) to help accelerate innovation by investing in industrially
relevant manufacturing technologies with broad applications, and to support manufacturing relevant manufacturing technologies with broad applications, and to support manufacturing
technology commercialization by bridging the gap between the laboratory and the market. technology commercialization by bridging the gap between the laboratory and the market.
Congress did not act on this request or a subsequent one made in President Obama’s FY2014 Congress did not act on this request or a subsequent one made in President Obama’s FY2014
request. President Obama renewed the request in his FY2015 budget.request. President Obama renewed the request in his FY2015 budget. In December 2014, In December 2014,
Congress enacted the Revitalize American Manufacturing and Innovation Act of 2014 (RAMI Congress enacted the Revitalize American Manufacturing and Innovation Act of 2014 (RAMI
Act) as Title VII of Division B of the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, Act) as Title VII of Division B of the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act,
2015 (P.L. 113-235), establishing a Network for Manufacturing Innovation (NMI), largely similar 2015 (P.L. 113-235), establishing a Network for Manufacturing Innovation (NMI), largely similar
to President Obama’s concept for the NNMI. to President Obama’s concept for the NNMI. ~~As specified in the act, the purpose of the NMI is to~~
President Obama signed the bill into law on December 16, 2014. The RAMI Act directed the Secretary of Commerce to establish a Network for Manufacturing Innovation program within NIST. In September 2016, the Department of Commerce rebranded the NMI as “Manufacturing USA.” The purpose of Manufacturing USA is to improve the competitiveness of U.S. manufacturing and to increase the production of goods improve the competitiveness of U.S. manufacturing and to increase the production of goods
manufactured predominantly within the United States; to stimulate U.S. leadership in advanced manufactured predominantly within the United States; to stimulate U.S. leadership in advanced
manufacturing research, innovation, and technology; to facilitate the transition of innovative manufacturing research, innovation, and technology; to facilitate the transition of innovative
technologies into scalable, cost-effective, and high-performing manufacturing capabilities; to technologies into scalable, cost-effective, and high-performing manufacturing capabilities; to
facilitate access by manufacturing enterprises to capital-intensive infrastructure, including high-facilitate access by manufacturing enterprises to capital-intensive infrastructure, including high-
performance electronics and computing, and the supply chains that enable these technologies; to performance electronics and computing, and the supply chains that enable these technologies; to
accelerate the development of an advanced manufacturing workforce; to facilitate peer exchange accelerate the development of an advanced manufacturing workforce; to facilitate peer exchange
and the documentation of best practices in addressing advanced manufacturing challenges; to and the documentation of best practices in addressing advanced manufacturing challenges; to
leverage nonfederal sources of support to promote a stable and sustainable business model leverage nonfederal sources of support to promote a stable and sustainable business model
without the need for long-term federal funding; without the need for long-term federal funding; and to create and preserve jobs.13 The RAMI Act included provisions authorizing NIST, the Department of Energy, and other agencies to support the establishment of manufacturing institutes, and providing for the establishment and operation of a network of these institutes. The~~and to create and preserve jobs.13~~
~~The act did not appropriate funds specifically for the NMI program but instead authorized NIST~~
~~to spend up to $5.0 million of its appropriated funds each year from FY2015 to FY2024 to carry~~
~~out the program. In addition, the act authorizes the Department of Energy (DOE) to transfer up to~~
~~a total of $250.0 million to NIST between FY2015 and FY2024 to carry out the program. The act~~
~~also allows existing manufacturing centers to be classified as centers for manufacturing~~
~~innovation, making them eligible to participate in the network. President Obama initiated the~~
~~establishment of several such centers prior to enactment of the RAMI Act under the general~~
~~statutory authority of several agencies, including the Department of Defense and DOE.~~
~~While no funding has been transferred from DOE to NIST as authorized by the RAMI Act, in~~
~~December 2015, the~~ Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L. 114-113) provided specific Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L. 114-113) provided specific
funding, for the first time, for the establishment and coordination of funding, for the first time, for the establishment and coordination of ~~institutes under the~~
~~provisions of the RAMI Act~~the institutes. The act provided NIST with $25.0 . The act provided NIST with $25.0 ~~million for FY2016 for the~~
~~NNMI, to include funding for establishment of institutes and up to $5.0 million for coordination~~
~~activities.14 The explanatory statement accompanying the act directs NIST to “follow the~~

~~12 Department of Commerce, The Department of Commerce Budget in Brief: Fiscal Year 2018, p. 104,~~
~~http://www.osec.doc.gov/bmi/budget/FY18BIB/All508.pdf~~ 12 Department of Commerce, NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology/National Technical Information Service, Fiscal Year 2022 Budget Submission to Congress, p. NIST-175. .
13 For more information on the NMI, see CRS Report R43857, 13 For more information on the NMI, see CRS Report R43857, The Network for Manufacturing Innovation, by John F. , by John F.
Sargent Jr. For more information on the NNMI proposal, see CRS Report R42625, Sargent Jr. For more information on the NNMI proposal, see CRS Report R42625, The Obama Administration’s
Proposal to Establish a National Network for Manufacturing Innovation, by John F. Sargent Jr. , by John F. Sargent Jr.
~~14 The act also directs NIST to merge its Advanced Manufacturing Technology Consortia (AMTech) program into the~~
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~~direction of the Revitalize American Manufacturing and Innovation Act of 2014 in requiring open~~
~~competition to select the technological focus areas of industry-driven manufacturing institutes.”15~~
~~In September 2016, Commerce Secretary Penny Pritzker announced that “Manufacturing USA”~~
~~would be the new brand name for the National Network for Manufacturing Innovation. Congress~~
~~continues to use the term National Network for Manufacturing Innovation in appropriations~~
~~reports.~~
~~On December 16, 2016, NIST awarded the National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing~~
~~Biopharmaceuticals (NIIMBL), led by the University of Delaware, “to advance U.S. leadership in~~
~~biopharmaceutical manufacturing.”16 Congress has subsequently provided funding to support~~
~~NIIMBL and to coordinate the Manufacturing USA network. Congress provided FY2020 funding~~
~~to support the establishment of a second NIST-sponsored institute~~million for FY2016 for the NNMI, to include funding for establishment of institutes and up to $5.0 million for coordination activities.14 On December 16, 2016, NIST awarded NIIMBL, led by the University of Delaware, “to advance U.S. leadership in biopharmaceutical manufacturing.”15 Congress has subsequently provided funding to support NIIMBL and to coordinate the Manufacturing USA network. Section 1741 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (P.L. 116-92) amended the RAMI Act. Among its provisions, the act codified the 2016 rebranding of the program by DOC as the Manufacturing USA program, expanded the scope of potential technology focus areas for institutes, established required and permissible activities for each institute, and authorized the designation of “substantially similar” institutes as Manufacturing USA institutes for purposes of participation in the network. P.L. 116-92 also authorized the Secretaries of Commerce and Energy and other agency heads (except DOD) to make financial awards of five to seven years in duration to establish Manufacturing USA institutes, and to renew the awards subject to merit review. Further, P.L. 116-92 eliminated a RAMI Act provision requiring consideration be given to whether a proposed institute could function without long-term federal funding, and authorized appropriations for Manufacturing USA institutes and network support for NIST through 2030 and for DOE Manufacturing USA institutes through FY2024. .
Previous NIST Programs
In July 2013, NIST launched the Advanced Manufacturing Technology Consortia (AMTech) In July 2013, NIST launched the Advanced Manufacturing Technology Consortia (AMTech)
program and the Manufacturing Technology Acceleration Centers (M-TAC) program. program and the Manufacturing Technology Acceleration Centers (M-TAC) program.
Advanced Manufacturing Technology Consortia Program
Originally included in President Obama’s FY2013 budget request, AMTech makes planning Originally included in President Obama’s FY2013 budget request, AMTech makes planning
awards to “establish industry-led consortia to identify and prioritize research projects supporting awards to “establish industry-led consortia to identify and prioritize research projects supporting
long-term industrial research needs.” AMTech seeks to incentivize manufacturers to share long-term industrial research needs.” AMTech seeks to incentivize manufacturers to share
financial and scientific resources with universities, state and local governments, and nonprofit financial and scientific resources with universities, state and local governments, and nonprofit
organizations.organizations.1716 AMTech does not have a statutory authorization; the Consolidated and Further AMTech does not have a statutory authorization; the Consolidated and Further
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013 (P.L. 113-6) provided first-year funding of $14.5 million. Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013 (P.L. 113-6) provided first-year funding of $14.5 million.
In December 2015, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L. 114-113) directed NIST to In December 2015, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L. 114-113) directed NIST to
merge the Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMTech) Consortia program with the NNMI.merge the Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMTech) Consortia program with the NNMI.1817
Manufacturing Technology Acceleration Centers Program
The M-TAC program was a pilot effort under MEP that sought to address “the technical and The M-TAC program was a pilot effort under MEP that sought to address “the technical and
business challenges encountered by small and mid-sized U.S. manufacturers as they attempt to business challenges encountered by small and mid-sized U.S. manufacturers as they attempt to
adopt, integrate, and execute advanced product and process technologies into their operations.”adopt, integrate, and execute advanced product and process technologies into their operations.”19
~~The funded project work on all the MTAC projects has been completed and a final presentation~~
~~was made by each awardee to MEP Center directors and staff in May 2016.~~

~~NNMI.~~
~~15 Explanatory Statement, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016, Division B (Commerce, Justice, Science and Related~~
~~Agencies Appropriations Act), Congressional Record, Vol. 161, No. 184-Book II (December 17, 2015), p. H9733.~~
1618 14 The act also directs NIST to merge its Advanced Manufacturing Technology Consortia (AMTech) program into the NNMI. 15 Advanced Manufacturing National Program Office, NIST, DOC, website, “NIST Manufacturing USA Institutes,” Advanced Manufacturing National Program Office, NIST, DOC, website, “NIST Manufacturing USA Institutes,”
https://www.nist.gov/amo/nist-manufacturing-usa-institutes. https://www.nist.gov/amo/nist-manufacturing-usa-institutes.
1716 NIST, “President’s FY 2013 Budget Request for NIST Targets Advanced Manufacturing, Critical Science and NIST, “President’s FY 2013 Budget Request for NIST Targets Advanced Manufacturing, Critical Science and
Technology Programs,” press release, February 13, 2012, http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/Technology Programs,” press release, February 13, 2012, http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/
budget_2013.cfm. budget_2013.cfm.
1817 Explanatory Statement, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016, P.L. 114-113, Division B, p. 7. Explanatory Statement, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016, P.L. 114-113, Division B, p. 7.
1918 Advanced Manufacturing National Program Office, NIST, DOC, website, “Explaining AMTech, M-TAC and Advanced Manufacturing National Program Office, NIST, DOC, website, “Explaining AMTech, M-TAC and
~~NNMI: New NIST Programs in Support of Advanced Manufacturing,” http://www.manufacturing.gov/docs/~~
~~Explaining_AMTech_M-TAC_NNMI.pdf.~~
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The funded project work on all the MTAC projects has been completed and a final presentation was made by each awardee to MEP Center directors and staff in May 2016. NIST Appropriations
Overview of NIST Appropriations Accounts
Discretionary funding for NIST is generally provided through three appropriations accounts: Discretionary funding for NIST is generally provided through three appropriations accounts:
 The Scientific and Technical Research and Services (STRS) account supports  The Scientific and Technical Research and Services (STRS) account supports
NIST in-house laboratory research. The account also provided funding for the NIST in-house laboratory research. The account also provided funding for the
Baldrige Performance Excellence Program through FY2011 and in some Baldrige Performance Excellence Program through FY2011 and in some
subsequent years. subsequent years.
 The Industrial Technology Services (ITS) account supports NIST’s extramural  The Industrial Technology Services (ITS) account supports NIST’s extramural
programs. In FY2018, the ITS account provides funding for the MEP and NNMI programs. In FY2018, the ITS account provides funding for the MEP and NNMI
programs. In earlier years, ITS provided funding for the Advanced Technology programs. In earlier years, ITS provided funding for the Advanced Technology
Program, the Technology Innovation Program, and the AMTech program. Program, the Technology Innovation Program, and the AMTech program.
 The Construction of Research Facilities (CRF, also referred to in this report as  The Construction of Research Facilities (CRF, also referred to in this report as
construction) account supports construction, maintenance, and repair of NIST construction) account supports construction, maintenance, and repair of NIST
facilities at its facilities in Gaithersburg, MD, and Boulder, CO. From FY2008 to facilities at its facilities in Gaithersburg, MD, and Boulder, CO. From FY2008 to
FY2010, CRF provided funding for a competitive grant program that funded the FY2010, CRF provided funding for a competitive grant program that funded the
construction of research facilities at U.S. universities and research institutions. construction of research facilities at U.S. universities and research institutions.
NIST Request for ~~FY2021~~FY2022 Appropriations
The following sections provide information on NIST’s The following sections provide information on NIST’s ~~FY2021~~FY2022 request, in aggregate and for each request, in aggregate and for each
of its three accounts, as well as the of its three accounts, as well as the ~~FY2020~~FY2021 enacted appropriations for each. (See enacted appropriations for each. (See Table 1.) ~~In the~~
~~absence of passage of appropriations acts at the end of the fiscal year, on September 30, 2020,~~
~~Congress passed the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Extensions Act (P.L. 116-~~
~~159) that, among other things, provides funding for most federal agencies through December 12,~~
~~2020. On December 11~~On December 27, 2020, President Trump signed into law , 2020, President Trump signed into law ~~H.R. 8900, the Further~~
~~Continuing~~166-260, Consolidated Appropriations Act, Appropriations Act, 2021, providing, among other things, NIST appropriations for FY2021~~2021, and Other Extensions Act, providing for continuing~~
~~funding for most federal agencies through December 18, 2020. This report will be updated to~~
~~reflect final action on NIST appropriations~~. .
Total NIST Funding Requested for ~~FY2021~~FY2022
The President is requesting $ The President is requesting $~~737.5~~1,497.2 million for NIST in million for NIST in ~~FY2021, a decrease of $296.5~~FY2022, an increase of $462.7 million million
((2844.7%) from the .7%) from the ~~FY2020~~FY2021 enacted appropriation of $1,034. enacted appropriation of $1,034.05 million. million.
Scientific and Technical Research and Services
The President’s The President’s ~~FY2021~~FY2022 request request ~~includes $652~~for NIST includes $915.6 million for R&D, standards coordination, and million for R&D, standards coordination, and
related services in the STRS account, related services in the STRS account, ~~a decrease of $102.0~~an increase of $127.6 million ( million (~~13.5~~16.2%) %) from the FY2021 enacted level of $788.0 million.19 Of these funds, $806.0 million is requested for Laboratory Programs, $91.5 million for Standards Coordination and Special Programs, and $18.1 million is for Corporate Services. NNMI: New NIST Programs in Support of Advanced Manufacturing,” http://www.manufacturing.gov/docs/Explaining_AMTech_M-TAC_NNMI.pdf. 19~~from the FY2020~~
~~enacted level.20~~

20 CRS analysis of data from Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, National CRS analysis of data from Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, National
Institute of Standards and Technology/National Technical Information Service, Fiscal Year Institute of Standards and Technology/National Technical Information Service, Fiscal Year ~~2021~~2022 Budget Submission to Budget Submission to
Congress, p. NIST-Congress, p. NIST-53, https://www.commerce.gov/sites/default/files/, https://www.commerce.gov/sites/default/files/~~2020-02/~~
~~fy2021_nist_ntis_congressional_budget_justification~~2021-06/fy2022_nist_congressional_budget_justification.pdf. .pdf.
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Industrial Technology Services
The The ~~FY2021 request~~President’s FY2022 request for NIST would provide $ would provide $~~25.3~~441.6 million for the ITS account, million for the ITS account, ~~down $136.7 million~~
~~(84.4%) from the FY2020 enacted level~~up $275.1 million (165.2%). Within the ITS account, the request would provide . Within the ITS account, the request would provide no
~~funding~~$275.0 million for the Manufacturing Extension Partnership for the Manufacturing Extension Partnership ~~(MEP) program, a reduction of $146.0~~
~~million from the FY2020 enacted level; MEP centers in each state would be required to become~~
~~entirely self-supporting. In his FY2020 and FY2019 requests, President Trump proposed ending~~
~~federal funding for MEP; in his FY2018 request, the President sought $6.0 million “for an orderly~~
~~shutdown of the program.” The FY2021 request provides $25.3 million for Manufacturing USA~~
~~(also referred to as the National Network for Manufacturing Innovation or NNMI), $9.3 million~~
~~(58.1%) higher than the FY2020 enacted level of $16.0 million. Of these funds, $20~~program, an increase $125.0 million (83.3%) from the FY2021 enacted level of $150.0 million. The FY2022 ITS request also includes $166.6 million for Manufacturing USA, an increase of $150.1 million (909.7%) from the FY2021 enacted level of $16.5 million. Of these funds, $5.0 million is requested for coordination of Manufacturing USA network activities; $1.7 million is requested for grants to develop industrial technology roadmaps; $10.0 million is requested for support of the current NIST~~.0 million~~
~~would be for the award and initial funding of a second~~ Manufacturing USA Manufacturing USA institute; and $150.0 million is requested for the award and funding of two new institutes.20~~institute; and $5.3~~
~~million would be for coordination of the Manufacturing USA network.21~~
Construction of Research Facilities
The President is requesting $ The President is requesting $~~60.2~~140.0 million for the NIST CRF account for million for the NIST CRF account for ~~FY2020, down $57.8~~
~~million (49~~FY2022, up $60 million (75.0%) from the .0%) from the ~~FY2020 enacted level.22~~FY2021 enacted level of $80.0 million.21 The entirety of these funds is requested for Safety, Capacity, Maintenance and Major Repairs; no funding is requested for Construction and Major Renovations.
Table 1. NIST Appropriations
(budget authority, in millions of dollars) (budget authority, in millions of dollars)
~~FY2020~~
~~FY2021~~
~~FY2021~~
~~FY2021~~
~~FY2021~~FY2021 FY2022 FY2022 FY2022 FY2022
Budget Account
Enacted
Request
House
~~Senat~~eaSenate
Enacted
Scientific and Technical Research and Scientific and Technical Research and
~~754.0~~
~~652.0~~
~~794.0~~
~~786.5~~

~~Services~~
~~Industrial Technology Services~~
~~162.0~~
~~25.3~~
~~170.0~~
~~165.5~~
788.0 915.6 Services Industrial Technology Services 166.5 441.6
Manufacturing Extension Partnership
~~146.0~~150
0275.0
~~153.0~~
~~149.5~~

Network for Manufacturing Innovation
16.05
~~25.3~~
~~17.0~~
~~16.0~~166.6

Construction of Research Facilities Construction of Research Facilities
~~118~~80.0 140.0 .0
~~60.2~~
~~85.0~~
~~98.0~~

NIST, Total
1,034.0
~~737.5~~
~~1,049.0~~
~~1,050.0~~5 1,497.2

Source: Department of Commerce, NIST, National Institute of Standards and Department of Commerce, NIST, National Institute of Standards and
Technology/National Technical Information Service, Fiscal Year Technology/National Technical Information Service, Fiscal Year ~~2021~~2022 Budget Submission to Congress. Note: Columns may not add to totals due to rounding. ~~Budget Submission to~~
~~Congress, February 2020, https://www.commerce.gov/sites/default/files/2020-02/~~
~~fy2021_nist_ntis_congressional_budget_justification.pdf; H.R. 7617; and unnumbered Senate bill~~
~~posted on Senate Appropriations Committee website.~~
Note: Columns may not add to totals due to rounding.
~~a. This bil was not passed by the Senate, but was presented by the Senate Majority Leader as a basis for~~
~~discussions and negotiation with the House.~~
Funding Trends for NIST Accounts and Selected Programs
This section provides an overview of appropriations data for NIST in total and for each of its This section provides an overview of appropriations data for NIST in total and for each of its
appropriations accounts, as well as for the appropriations accounts, as well as for the ~~Manufacturing Extension Partnership~~MEP and the and the
Advanced Technology Program (eliminated in 2007) and the Technology Innovation Program Advanced Technology Program (eliminated in 2007) and the Technology Innovation Program
(last funded in 2011). Appendix A provides requested and enacted funding levels for NIST and its accounts for FY2003-FY2022. Appendix B provides requested and enacted funding levels for selected NIST programs.
2120 Ibid., Ibid., ppp. NIST-. NIST-~~87.~~
22112-NIST-120. 21 Ibid., p. NIST- Ibid., p. NIST-53. .
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~~(last funded in 2011). Appendix A provides requested and enacted funding levels for NIST and~~
~~its accounts for FY2003-FY2021. Appendix B provides requested and enacted funding levels for~~
~~selected NIST programs.~~
Total NIST Funding
Figure 1 illustrates total requested and enacted NIST funding levels. Total appropriations for illustrates total requested and enacted NIST funding levels. Total appropriations for
NIST grew from $707.5 million in FY2003 to $1,NIST grew from $707.5 million in FY2003 to $1,~~198~~034.5 million in .5 million in ~~FY2018~~FY2021, a compound annual , a compound annual
growth rate (CAGR) of growth rate (CAGR) of ~~3.6~~2.1%. In %. In ~~FY2019~~FY2021, appropriations remained constant with respect to the FY2020 enacted level. President Biden is requesting $1,497.2 million for FY2022, an increase of $462.7 million (44.7%) from the FY2021~~, appropriations fell to $985.5 million, a decrease of~~
~~$213.0 million (17.8%) over FY2018. In FY2020, appropriations grew to $1,034.0 million, an~~
~~increase of $48.5 million (4.9%) over FY2019. Appropriations exceeded requests through~~
~~FY2010; from FY2010 to FY2017, requests exceeded appropriations. From FY2018 to FY2020,~~
~~appropriations once again exceeded the request. President Trump is requesting $737.5 for~~
~~FY2021, a decrease of $296.5 million (28.7%) from the FY2020~~ enacted level. enacted level.
Figure 1. Total NIST Appropriations
Enacted Appropriations, FY2003- Enacted Appropriations, FY2003-~~FY2020~~FY2021; Requested Appropriations, FY2003-; Requested Appropriations, FY2003-~~FY2021~~FY2022
(in millions of current dollars) (in millions of current dollars)

Sources: Department of Commerce, NIST budget documents, appropriations acts, and explanatory statements Department of Commerce, NIST budget documents, appropriations acts, and explanatory statements
for FY2003-for FY2003-~~FY2021~~FY2022. .
Note: ARRA = American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. ARRA = American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.
Scientific and Technical Research and Services Account
Figure 2 illustrates requested and enacted funding levels for the NIST STRS account. This illustrates requested and enacted funding levels for the NIST STRS account. This
account saw a steady rise in both request and appropriations levels through FY2016. STRS account saw a steady rise in both request and appropriations levels through FY2016. STRS
funding requests declined from FY2016 to FY2019funding requests declined from FY2016 to FY2019 when it began to rise again. For FY2021, ~~. For FY2020,~~ President Trump requested President Trump requested
~~$611.7~~$652.0 million for STRS; Congress appropriated $ million for STRS; Congress appropriated $~~754.0 million, an increase of $28.5 million~~
~~(4.1%) above the FY2019 enacted level. The President’s FY2021~~788.0 million. President Biden’s FY2022 request for STRS is $ request for STRS is $~~652.0~~
~~million, a decrease of $102.0~~915.6 million, $127.6 million ( million (~~13.5%) from the FY2020~~16.2%) above the FY2021 enacted level. enacted level.
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Figure 2. Scientific and Technical Research and Services Account
Enacted Appropriations, FY2003- Enacted Appropriations, FY2003-~~FY2020~~FY2021; Requested Appropriations, FY2003-; Requested Appropriations, FY2003-~~FY2021~~FY2022
(in millions of current dollars) (in millions of current dollars)

Sources: Department of Commerce, NIST budget documents, appropriations acts, and explanatory statements Department of Commerce, NIST budget documents, appropriations acts, and explanatory statements
for FY2003-for FY2003-~~FY2021~~FY2022. .
Note: ARRA = American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. ARRA = American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.
Construction of Research Facilities Account
Figure 3 illustrates requested and enacted funding levels for the NIST CRF account. Construction illustrates requested and enacted funding levels for the NIST CRF account. Construction
account funding has fluctuated. CRF funding jumped from $72.5 million in FY2005 to $173.7 account funding has fluctuated. CRF funding jumped from $72.5 million in FY2005 to $173.7
million in FY2006, fell to $58.7 million in FY2007, rose to $160.5 million in FY2008, and then million in FY2006, fell to $58.7 million in FY2007, rose to $160.5 million in FY2008, and then
rose to $532.0 million in FY2009 (of which $172.0 million was provided for in regular rose to $532.0 million in FY2009 (of which $172.0 million was provided for in regular
appropriations and $360 million provided under ARRA).appropriations and $360 million provided under ARRA).2322 Funding fell from FY2010 to FY2012, Funding fell from FY2010 to FY2012,
dropping to $55.4 million, then it remained relatively flat through FY2015 (ranging from $50 dropping to $55.4 million, then it remained relatively flat through FY2015 (ranging from $50
million to $56 million per year). In FY2016, CRF appropriations jumped to $119.0 million; $60.0 million to $56 million per year). In FY2016, CRF appropriations jumped to $119.0 million; $60.0
million of the increase was designated for beginning “the design and renovation of [NIST’s] million of the increase was designated for beginning “the design and renovation of [NIST’s]
outdated and unsafe radiation physics infrastructure.” In FY2017, CRF appropriations were outdated and unsafe radiation physics infrastructure.” In FY2017, CRF appropriations were
$109.0 million, of which $60.0 million was designated for design and renovation of NIST’s $109.0 million, of which $60.0 million was designated for design and renovation of NIST’s
radiation physics infrastructure.radiation physics infrastructure.2423 In FY2018, CRF appropriations jumped to $319.0 million, In FY2018, CRF appropriations jumped to $319.0 million,
$210.0 million (192.7%) above the FY2017 level. In FY2019, CRS appropriations fell to $106.0 $210.0 million (192.7%) above the FY2017 level. In FY2019, CRS appropriations fell to $106.0
million, million, ~~a decrease of $213.0 million (66.8%), then rose to $118 million in FY2020. The~~
~~President is requesting $60.2~~rose to $118 million in FY2020, then fell to $80 million in FY2021. President Biden is requesting $140.0 million for the NIST CRF account for million for the NIST CRF account for ~~FY2021, down $57.8 million~~
~~(49~~FY2022, up $60.0 million (75.0%) from .0%) from the FY2021~~the FY2020~~ enacted level. enacted level.
In FY2008, FY2009, and FY2010, the CRF account provided funding for a competitive In FY2008, FY2009, and FY2010, the CRF account provided funding for a competitive
construction grant program that funded the construction of research facilities at U.S. universities construction grant program that funded the construction of research facilities at U.S. universities
and research institutions. Appropriations for CRF have also included funding for congressionally and research institutions. Appropriations for CRF have also included funding for congressionally
designated projects in some years. Figure 4 illustrates the funding levels for the NIST CRF account excluding congressionally directed projects and the competitive grant program.
2322 Of the $360 million that ARRA provided this account in FY2009, $180 million was designated for the competitive Of the $360 million that ARRA provided this account in FY2009, $180 million was designated for the competitive
construction grant program. construction grant program.
2423 P.L. 115-31. P.L. 115-31.
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~~designated projects in some years. Figure 4 illustrates the funding levels for the NIST CRF~~
~~account excluding congressionally directed projects and the competitive grant program.~~
Figure 3. Construction of Research Facilities Account
Enacted Appropriations, FY2003- Enacted Appropriations, FY2003-~~FY2020~~FY2021; Requested Appropriations, FY2003-; Requested Appropriations, FY2003-~~FY2021~~FY2022
(in millions of current dollars) (in millions of current dollars)

Sources: Department of Commerce, NIST budget documents, appropriations acts, and explanatory statements Department of Commerce, NIST budget documents, appropriations acts, and explanatory statements
for FY2003-for FY2003-~~FY2021~~FY2022. .
Note: ARRA = American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The level shown for the FY2020 request includes ARRA = American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The level shown for the FY2020 request includes
those amounts ($288.0 mil ion) requested by the President as part of a proposed GSA Federal Capital Revolving those amounts ($288.0 mil ion) requested by the President as part of a proposed GSA Federal Capital Revolving
Fund to be used for NIST renovation. While the Administration requested the revolving funds be established via Fund to be used for NIST renovation. While the Administration requested the revolving funds be established via
mandatory funding and repaid through NIST annual discretionary appropriations, the Congressional Budget mandatory funding and repaid through NIST annual discretionary appropriations, the Congressional Budget
Office (CBO) estimated this proposal in a manner consistent with current practice that capital expenditures are Office (CBO) estimated this proposal in a manner consistent with current practice that capital expenditures are
recorded on a cash basis in the federal budget. recorded on a cash basis in the federal budget.
Figure 4. Construction of Research Facilities Account, Excluding Funding for
Congressionally Directed Projects and the
Competitive Construction Grant Program
Enacted Appropriations, FY2003- Enacted Appropriations, FY2003-~~FY2020~~FY2021 Requested Appropriations, FY2003- Requested Appropriations, FY2003-~~FY2021~~FY2022

Sources: Department of Commerce, NIST budget documents, appropriations acts, and explanatory statements Department of Commerce, NIST budget documents, appropriations acts, and explanatory statements
for FY2003-for FY2003-~~FY2021.~~
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FY2022. Note: ARRA = American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The level shown for the FY2020 request includes ARRA = American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The level shown for the FY2020 request includes
those amounts ($288.0 mil ion) requested by the President as part of a proposed GSA Federal Capital Revolving those amounts ($288.0 mil ion) requested by the President as part of a proposed GSA Federal Capital Revolving
Fund to be used for NIST renovation. While the Administration requested the revolving funds be established via Fund to be used for NIST renovation. While the Administration requested the revolving funds be established via
Congressional Research Service 10 link to page 15 link to page 15 link to page 16 The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An Appropriations Overview mandatory funding and repaid through NIST annual discretionary appropriations, the Congressional Budget mandatory funding and repaid through NIST annual discretionary appropriations, the Congressional Budget
Office (CBO) estimated this proposal in a manner consistent with current practice that capital expenditures are Office (CBO) estimated this proposal in a manner consistent with current practice that capital expenditures are
recorded on a cash basis in the federal budget. recorded on a cash basis in the federal budget.
Industrial Technology Services Account
Figure 5 illustrates requested and enacted funding levels for the NIST ITS account. ITS requests illustrates requested and enacted funding levels for the NIST ITS account. ITS requests
and appropriations during this period have included the MEP, NNMI, AMTech, ATP, TIP, and and appropriations during this period have included the MEP, NNMI, AMTech, ATP, TIP, and
Baldrige programs in some or all years. Total appropriations for the ITS account fell from $284.8 Baldrige programs in some or all years. Total appropriations for the ITS account fell from $284.8
million in FY2003 to $128.4 million in FY2012, grew to $155.0 million in FY2016 and have million in FY2003 to $128.4 million in FY2012, grew to $155.0 million in FY2016 and have
since remained flat. Congress appropriated $since remained flat. Congress appropriated $~~162.0~~166.5 million in million in ~~FY2020. The FY2021~~FY2021. The FY2022 request seeks $166.6 ~~request~~
~~provides $25.3~~ million for Manufacturing USA million for Manufacturing USA ~~(also referred to as the National Network for~~
~~Manufacturing Innovation or NNMI), $9.3~~, $150.1 million ( million (~~58.1~~909.7%) higher than the %) higher than the ~~FY2020~~FY2021 enacted level enacted level
of $16.of $16.05 million. Of these funds, $ million. Of these funds, $~~20.0 million would be for the award and initial funding of a~~
~~second Manufacturing USA institute; and $5.3 million would be for coordination~~5.0 million is requested for coordination of the network of manufacturing institutes; $1.7 million for grants to develop industrial technology roadmaps; $10.0 million for support of the current NIST Manufacturing USA institute, NIIMBL; and $150.0 million for the award and funding of two additional Manufacturing USA institutes ~~of the~~
~~Manufacturing USA network. The President’s FY2021 request includes no funding for MEP~~. .
Substantial fluctuations in the levels of funding requested and provided for the MEP, ATP, and Substantial fluctuations in the levels of funding requested and provided for the MEP, ATP, and
TIP programs are reflected in aggregate iTIP programs are reflected in aggregate in Figure 5, and illustrated and discussed in more detail nd illustrated and discussed in more detail
on the following pages. on the following pages.
Figure 5. Industrial Technology Services Account
Enacted Appropriations, FY2003- Enacted Appropriations, FY2003-~~FY2020~~FY2021; Requested Appropriations, FY2003-; Requested Appropriations, FY2003-~~FY2021~~FY2022
(in millions of current dollars) (in millions of current dollars)

Sources: Department of Commerce, NIST budget documents, appropriations acts, and explanatory statements Department of Commerce, NIST budget documents, appropriations acts, and explanatory statements
for FY2003-for FY2003-~~FY2021~~FY2022. .
Manufacturing Extension Partnership Program
Figure 6 illustrates requested and enacted funding levels for the NIST MEP program. FY2003 illustrates requested and enacted funding levels for the NIST MEP program. FY2003
enacted appropriations of $105.9 million were cut to $38.6 million in FY2004, but returned to enacted appropriations of $105.9 million were cut to $38.6 million in FY2004, but returned to
~~Congressional Research Service~~

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near the FY2003 level in FY2005 ($107.5 million) and stayed near that level through FY2007. near the FY2003 level in FY2005 ($107.5 million) and stayed near that level through FY2007.
The MEP funding dipped again in FY2008, to $89.6 million, then rose over the next several years The MEP funding dipped again in FY2008, to $89.6 million, then rose over the next several years
to $140.0 million in FY2018. Requests from FY2003 to FY2009 were substantially lower than to $140.0 million in FY2018. Requests from FY2003 to FY2009 were substantially lower than
appropriations, falling to $2.0 million in FY2009. In FY2010, the Obama Administration appropriations, falling to $2.0 million in FY2009. In FY2010, the Obama Administration
requested $124.7 million for MEP. From FY2012 to FY2017, requests were somewhat higher requested $124.7 million for MEP. From FY2012 to FY2017, requests were somewhat higher
than enacted appropriations. For FY2018, President Trump requested $6.0 million for the MEP than enacted appropriations. For FY2018, President Trump requested $6.0 million for the MEP
Congressional Research Service 11 The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An Appropriations Overview program to provide “for the orderly wind down of federal funding for the program”; however, program to provide “for the orderly wind down of federal funding for the program”; however,
Congress appropriated $140.0 million.Congress appropriated $140.0 million.2524 For FY2019 For FY2019, FY2020, and FY2021 ~~and FY2020~~, President Trump requested no , President Trump requested no
funding for MEP; Congress appropriated $140.0 millionfunding for MEP; Congress appropriated $140.0 million, $146.0 million, and $150.0 ~~and $146.0~~ million, respectively. For million, respectively. For
~~FY2021~~FY2022, President , President ~~Trump is again requesting no funding for MEP~~Biden is requesting $275.0 million, an increase of $125.0 million (83.3%) above the FY2021 enacted level. .
Figure 6. Manufacturing Extension Partnership Program
Enacted Appropriations, FY2003- Enacted Appropriations, FY2003-~~FY2020~~FY2021; Requested Appropriations, FY2003-; Requested Appropriations, FY2003-~~FY2021~~FY2022
(in millions of current dollars) (in millions of current dollars)

Sources: Department of Commerce, NIST budget documents, appropriations acts, and explanatory statements Department of Commerce, NIST budget documents, appropriations acts, and explanatory statements
for FY2003-for FY2003-~~FY2021~~FY2022. .
Advanced Technology Program/Technology Innovation Program
The Advanced Technology Program saw its requests fall from $107.9 million in FY2003 to zero The Advanced Technology Program saw its requests fall from $107.9 million in FY2003 to zero
in FY2005, and its appropriations fall from $178.9 million in FY2003 to zero in FY2008; no in FY2005, and its appropriations fall from $178.9 million in FY2003 to zero in FY2008; no
funding was requested in FY2005 and subsequent years. The Technology Innovation Program, funding was requested in FY2005 and subsequent years. The Technology Innovation Program,
which succeeded ATP, was first funded at $65.2 million in FY2008 and rose to $69.9 million in which succeeded ATP, was first funded at $65.2 million in FY2008 and rose to $69.9 million in
FY2010 before falling to $45.0 million in FY2011. The TIP program received no funding in FY2010 before falling to $45.0 million in FY2011. The TIP program received no funding in
FY2012 or in subsequent years. The $69.9 million requested for TIP in FY2010 was fully funded; FY2012 or in subsequent years. The $69.9 million requested for TIP in FY2010 was fully funded;
in FY2011 the TIP request was $79.9 million, and in FY2012 it was $75.0 million. No funding in FY2011 the TIP request was $79.9 million, and in FY2012 it was $75.0 million. No funding
has been requested for TIP since FY2012. has been requested for TIP since FY2012.

2524 NIST, NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology/National Technical Information Service Fiscal Year 2018
Budget Submission to Congress,, May 2017, p. NIST-4.May 2017, p. NIST-4.
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Figure 7. Advanced Technology Program and Technology Innovation Program
Enacted Appropriations, FY2003- Enacted Appropriations, FY2003-~~FY2020~~FY2021; Requested Appropriations, FY2003-; Requested Appropriations, FY2003-~~FY2021~~FY2022
(in millions of current dollars) (in millions of current dollars)

Sources: Department of Commerce, NIST budget documents, appropriations acts, and explanatory statements Department of Commerce, NIST budget documents, appropriations acts, and explanatory statements
for FY2003-for FY2003-~~FY2021~~FY2022. .

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Concluding Observations
When NBS was renamed NIST under the provisions of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness When NBS was renamed NIST under the provisions of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness
Act of 1988, the laboratory was given additional missions and supporting programs. Two of the Act of 1988, the laboratory was given additional missions and supporting programs. Two of the
new programs—the Advanced Technology Program and the Manufacturing Extension Partnership new programs—the Advanced Technology Program and the Manufacturing Extension Partnership
program—were intended to improve U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness. These program—were intended to improve U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness. These
programs generated criticism from some policymakers and analysts who objected to them on a programs generated criticism from some policymakers and analysts who objected to them on a
variety of grounds, including whether such activities are appropriate for the federal government to variety of grounds, including whether such activities are appropriate for the federal government to
undertake; whether they might result in suboptimal choices of technologies, choices better left to undertake; whether they might result in suboptimal choices of technologies, choices better left to
market forces; whether certain technologies, companies, or industries might be chosen for support market forces; whether certain technologies, companies, or industries might be chosen for support
based on criteria other than technical or business merit; and whether tax dollars should be based on criteria other than technical or business merit; and whether tax dollars should be
awarded to already-profitable firms. awarded to already-profitable firms.
In contrast, NIST’s historical mission of conducting laboratory research in support of standards In contrast, NIST’s historical mission of conducting laboratory research in support of standards
and metrics continued to enjoy broad support and faced little controversy. Evidence of this and metrics continued to enjoy broad support and faced little controversy. Evidence of this
support can be seen in the selection of the STRS account—through which NIST laboratory work support can be seen in the selection of the STRS account—through which NIST laboratory work
is funded—as one of the targeted accounts in the doubling efforts of former Presidents George W. is funded—as one of the targeted accounts in the doubling efforts of former Presidents George W.
Bush and Barack Obama and successive Congresses. However, even with broad support and the Bush and Barack Obama and successive Congresses. However, even with broad support and the
absence of controversy, funding for the NIST STRS account did not grow at the pace its absence of controversy, funding for the NIST STRS account did not grow at the pace its
advocates supported in presidential budget requests and successive authorizations of advocates supported in presidential budget requests and successive authorizations of
appropriations due to tight overall fiscal constraints on the federal budget. appropriations due to tight overall fiscal constraints on the federal budget.
These issues are discussed in more detail below. These issues are discussed in more detail below.
NIST Doubling Effort
In the early 2000s, many industry, academia, and policy leaders expressed growing concern that In the early 2000s, many industry, academia, and policy leaders expressed growing concern that
federal investments in physical sciences and engineering research were not growing fast enough federal investments in physical sciences and engineering research were not growing fast enough
to keep the United States on the leading edge of technological innovation and commercial to keep the United States on the leading edge of technological innovation and commercial
competitiveness. In his 2006 State of the Union remarks, President Bush announced the American competitiveness. In his 2006 State of the Union remarks, President Bush announced the American
Competitiveness Initiative (ACI), which, among other things, sought to double funding for Competitiveness Initiative (ACI), which, among other things, sought to double funding for
targeted appropriations accounts that fund physical sciences and engineering research over a 10-targeted appropriations accounts that fund physical sciences and engineering research over a 10-
year period. Among the targeted accounts were the NIST STRS and construction accounts. year period. Among the targeted accounts were the NIST STRS and construction accounts.
Subsequently, Congress passed the America COMPETES Act (P.L. 110-69), which set Subsequently, Congress passed the America COMPETES Act (P.L. 110-69), which set
appropriations authorizations for the targeted accounts for FY2008-FY2010 that represented a appropriations authorizations for the targeted accounts for FY2008-FY2010 that represented a
compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.1% that would have, if continued, resulted in a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.1% that would have, if continued, resulted in a
doubling over approximately seven years. doubling over approximately seven years.
In his FY2010 In his FY2010 Plan for Science and Innovation, President Obama stated that he (like President , President Obama stated that he (like President
Bush) would seek to double funding for basic research over 10 years (FY2006 to FY2016) at the Bush) would seek to double funding for basic research over 10 years (FY2006 to FY2016) at the
ACI agencies. Actual appropriations, however, did not keep pace with the America COMPETES ACI agencies. Actual appropriations, however, did not keep pace with the America COMPETES
Act authorization levels. In his FY2011 budget request, President Obama extended the period Act authorization levels. In his FY2011 budget request, President Obama extended the period
over which he intended to double these agencies’ budgets to 11 years. In 2010, Congress enacted over which he intended to double these agencies’ budgets to 11 years. In 2010, Congress enacted
the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-358), setting appropriations the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-358), setting appropriations
authorizations for the targeted accounts for FY2011-FY2013 at a level that effectively set an 11-authorizations for the targeted accounts for FY2011-FY2013 at a level that effectively set an 11-
year doubling pace (a 6.3% CAGR). However, as with the original act, appropriations did not year doubling pace (a 6.3% CAGR). However, as with the original act, appropriations did not
keep pace with the authorization act levels. While reiterating President Obama’s intention to keep pace with the authorization act levels. While reiterating President Obama’s intention to
double funding for the targeted accounts from their FY2006 levels, President Obama’s FY2013 double funding for the targeted accounts from their FY2006 levels, President Obama’s FY2013
budget request did not specify the length of time over which the doubling was to take place. budget request did not specify the length of time over which the doubling was to take place.
President Obama’s FY2014 budget expressed a commitment to increasing funding for the President Obama’s FY2014 budget expressed a commitment to increasing funding for the
targeted accounts, but did not commit to doubling. President Obama’s FY2017 budget did not targeted accounts, but did not commit to doubling. President Obama’s FY2017 budget did not
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address the doubling effort. From FY2006, the base year for the doubling effort, through FY2016, address the doubling effort. From FY2006, the base year for the doubling effort, through FY2016,
funding for the NIST STRS and construction accounts grew by 42.3% in nominal terms, a funding for the NIST STRS and construction accounts grew by 42.3% in nominal terms, a
compound annual growth rate of 3.6%, a rate that would result in doubling in about 20 years. compound annual growth rate of 3.6%, a rate that would result in doubling in about 20 years.
President Obama’s FY2017 request sought an increase in aggregate funding for these accounts of President Obama’s FY2017 request sought an increase in aggregate funding for these accounts of
2.0%. President Trump’s budget requests for FY20182.0%. President Trump’s budget requests for FY2018~~-FY2021 have not mentioned this doubling~~
~~goal. The doubling effort appears to no longer be a priority for Congress or the President. It~~
, FY2019, FY2020, and FY2021 did not mention this doubling goal. It remains to be seen how support for internal R&D at NIST will evolve. remains to be seen how support for internal R&D at NIST will evolve.
NIST Technology Policy
Some of NIST’s external programs have faced substantial opposition over time. Beginning with Some of NIST’s external programs have faced substantial opposition over time. Beginning with
the 104th Congress, many Members expressed skepticism over a “technology policy” based on the 104th Congress, many Members expressed skepticism over a “technology policy” based on
providing federal funds to industry for development of precompetitive generic technologies. This providing federal funds to industry for development of precompetitive generic technologies. This
philosophical shift from previous Congresses, coupled with pressures to balance the federal philosophical shift from previous Congresses, coupled with pressures to balance the federal
budget, led to significant reductions in funding for NIST’s external programs. The Advanced budget, led to significant reductions in funding for NIST’s external programs. The Advanced
Technology Program and the Manufacturing Extension Partnership, which accounted for over Technology Program and the Manufacturing Extension Partnership, which accounted for over
50% of the FY1995 NIST budget, were proposed for elimination. Although in the past strong 50% of the FY1995 NIST budget, were proposed for elimination. Although in the past strong
support by the Senate led to their continued financing, funding for ATP remained controversial. support by the Senate led to their continued financing, funding for ATP remained controversial.
Beginning in FY2000, the House-passed appropriations bills did not contain funding for ATP, and Beginning in FY2000, the House-passed appropriations bills did not contain funding for ATP, and
many of the budget proposals submitted by former President George W. Bush called for many of the budget proposals submitted by former President George W. Bush called for
abolishing the program. In the 110th Congress, the America COMPETES Act eliminated ATP and abolishing the program. In the 110th Congress, the America COMPETES Act eliminated ATP and
replaced it with the TIP initiative. While TIP received appropriations from FY2008 to FY2011, it replaced it with the TIP initiative. While TIP received appropriations from FY2008 to FY2011, it
has received no appropriations since.has received no appropriations since. In his FY2003 budget proposal, President Bush also In his FY2003 budget proposal, President Bush also
recommended suspension of federal support for those MEP centers in operation for more than six recommended suspension of federal support for those MEP centers in operation for more than six
years; the following year, funding for the MEP program was significantly reduced. However, the years; the following year, funding for the MEP program was significantly reduced. However, the
FY2005 Omnibus Appropriations Act brought support for MEP back up to the level necessary to FY2005 Omnibus Appropriations Act brought support for MEP back up to the level necessary to
fully fund the existing centers. Since then, funding has grown from $107.5 million in FY2005 to fully fund the existing centers. Since then, funding has grown from $107.5 million in FY2005 to
$130.0 million in FY2016. President Obama requested $142.0 million for MEP for FY2017, an $130.0 million in FY2016. President Obama requested $142.0 million for MEP for FY2017, an
increase of $12.0 million (9.2%); Congress provided $130 million, an amount equal to its increase of $12.0 million (9.2%); Congress provided $130 million, an amount equal to its
FY2016 level. For FY2017, Congress provided $140.0 million for MEP. President Trump’s FY2016 level. For FY2017, Congress provided $140.0 million for MEP. President Trump’s
FY2018 budget request sought to end the MEP program, providing $6.0 million in FY2018 to FY2018 budget request sought to end the MEP program, providing $6.0 million in FY2018 to
provide “for the orderly wind down of federal funding for the program.”provide “for the orderly wind down of federal funding for the program.”2625 President Trump’s President Trump’s
~~FY2019 request would provide no funding for MEP. For more information on the MEP program,~~
FY2019, FY2020, and FY2021 requests sought no funding for MEP; nevertheless, Congress provided consistent funding during this period. For FY2022, President Biden is seeking $275 million for MEP, an increase of $125.0 million above the FY2021 level. For more information on MEP, see CRS Report R44308, The Hollings ~~see CRS Report R44308,~~ ~~The~~ Manufacturing Extension Partnership Program, by John F. Sargent , by John F. Sargent
~~Jr.~~
~~National Network for Manufacturing Innovation~~
~~In his FY2013 budget, President Obama requested $1 billion in mandatory funding for the~~
~~creation of a National Network for Manufacturing Innovation27 to help accelerate innovation by~~
~~investing in industrially relevant manufacturing technologies with broad applications, and to~~
~~support manufacturing technology commercialization by bridging the gap between the laboratory~~
~~and the market. Congress did not act on this request or on President Obama’s FY2014 request for~~
~~the same amount. In FY2015, President Obama requested $2.4 billion for the NNMI as part of his~~
~~Opportunity, Growth, and Security Initiative. President Obama also requested $5.0 million for~~

26Jr. Manufacturing USA Manufacturing USA, as originally envisioned by President Obama in his FY2013 budget as the National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (later Manufacturing USA), proposed $1 billion in mandatory funding to support the establishment of up to 15 institutes. In the absence of a statutory foundation and mandatory appropriation, the Obama Administration began—and the 25 NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology/National Technical Information Service Fiscal Year 2018 Budget Submission to Congress, May 2017, p. NIST-4. Congressional Research Service 15 The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An Appropriations Overview Trump Administration continued—the establishment of institutes using existing Department of Defense and Department of Energy authorities and discretionary appropriations.26 In 2012, the Advanced Manufacturing National Program Office (AMNPO) sought nationwide input from companies, academia, state and regional governments, economic development authorities, industry associations and consortia, private citizens, and other interested parties to help guide the design of the NNMI. The input gathered from workshops and a request for information was used by the AMNPO in the preparation of a National Science and Technology Committee report, National Network for Manufacturing Innovation: A Preliminary Design (hereinafter the Preliminary Design report), published in January 2013. This document articulated the Obama Administration’s perspective of the principles and characteristics that should guide development of the NNMI program.22 The Preliminary Design report proposed that the institutes be long-term partnerships between industry and academia (including universities and community colleges) enabled by federal, state, and local governments. The network and individual institutes were to have a strong focus on building clusters of advanced manufacturing capabilities that join expertise from industry, academia, and government. The NNMI’s emphasis was to be on linking and integrating existing public and private resources into a robust national innovation ecosystem. The institutes were to serve as regional nodes of advanced manufacturing capabilities, where the processes to build next-generation products are be developed, demonstrated, and refined to the point where there is a clearer, lower-risk path to commercial-scale manufacturing. Institutes were to leverage existing regional or national innovation systems or catalyze the formation and sustainability of new innovation clusters. Institutes were to offer an “industrial commons” (the R&D, engineering, and manufacturing capabilities needed to turn inventions into competitive, manufacturable commercial products) to accelerate the formation and growth of small- and medium-sized enterprises, and were to integrate education and workforce training functions. In large measure, these principles have guided the development of the NNMI/Manufacturing USA program. The Preliminary Design report, however, stated “the focus of each institute was to be proposed by the applicants and selected through a competitive application process.”27 Since the Department of Defense and Department of Energy relied on their own authorities and general appropriations to compete and award the institutes, the foci of the institutes were determined by the departments’ missions and existing authorities, rather than being responsive to foci chosen by the applicants. Placing agency missions and authorities first in the selection process may de-emphasize the commercial focus and market needs that the institutes were intended to serve. S. 1260, the United States Innovation and Competition Act of 2021, authorizes $1.2 billion for FY2022-FY2026 for the Secretary of Commerce, acting through the Director of NIST and in consultation with the Secretary of Energy, Secretary of Defense, and other agency heads deemed relevant by the Secretary of Commerce, for the operation of Manufacturing USA and to expand the program to support innovation and growth in domestic manufacturing. As Congress considers S. 1260 and other legislation intended to increase the number of Manufacturing USA institutes sponsored by NIST and other federal agencies, it may choose to consider whether to provide direction to the agencies regarding the process to be used to select the focus of future institutes. 26 Only a single institute, NIST’s National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals, was established under the authorities provided by the RAMI Act. 27 AMNPO, NSTC, Executive Office of the President, National Network for Manufacturing Innovation: A Preliminary Design, January 2013, p. 3. Congressional Research Service 16 The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An Appropriations Overview For more information on Manufacturing USA, see CRS Report R46703, Manufacturing USA: Advanced Manufacturing Institutes and Network, by John F. Sargent Jr. Congressional Research Service 17 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 23 link to page 23 link to page 23 link to page 23 link to page 23 link to page 23 link to page 23 The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An Appropriations Overview Appendix A. Requested and Enacted Discretionary Appropriations for NIST Accounts Table A-1. Requested and Enacted Appropriations for NIST Accounts Enacted Appropriations, FY2003-FY2021; Requested Appropriations, FY2003-FY2022 NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology/National Technical Information Service ~~Fiscal Year 2018~~
~~Budget Submission to Congress, May 2017, p. NIST-4.~~
~~27 For more information on President Obama’s proposed National Network for Manufacturing Innovation, see CRS~~
~~Report R42625, The Obama Administration’s Proposal to Establish a National Network for Manufacturing Innovation,~~
~~by John F. Sargent Jr.~~
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~~coordination of manufacturing innovation institutes as part of NIST’s budget request. In~~
~~December 2014, Congress enacted the Revitalize American Manufacturing and Innovation~~
~~(RAMI) Act of 2014 as Title VII of Division B of the Consolidated and Further Continuing~~
~~Appropriations Act, 2015 (P.L. 113-235), establishing a Network for Manufacturing Innovation~~
~~(NMI). The act does not appropriate funds specifically for the NMI program but instead~~
~~authorizes NIST to spend up to $5.0 million of funds appropriated to NIST’s ITS account each~~
~~year from FY2015 to FY2024 to carry out the program. In addition, the act authorizes the~~
~~Department of Energy (DOE) to transfer up to $250.0 million to NIST for the 10-year period~~
~~FY2015 to FY2024 to carry out the program.28 As of the date of this report, DOE has not~~
~~transferred any funding to NIST for this purpose.~~
~~Through the end of calendar year 2015, seven NNMI institutes sponsored by the Department of~~
~~Defense (DOD) and Department of Energy had been awarded, and two additional institutes were~~
~~being competed. In December 2015, Congress appropriated specific funding, for the first time, for~~
~~the establishment and coordination of institutes under the provisions of the RAMI Act. The~~
~~Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L. 114-113) provided NIST with $25.0 million for~~
~~FY2016 for the NNMI, to include funding for establishment of institutes and up to $5.0 million~~
~~for coordination activities. The explanatory statement accompanying the act directed NIST to~~
~~“follow the direction of the Revitalize American Manufacturing and Innovation Act of 2014 in~~
~~requiring open competition to select the technological focus areas of industry-driven~~
~~manufacturing institutes.”29~~
~~NIST subsequently announced its intention to establish two institutes.30 On December 16, 2016,~~
~~NIST awarded the National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals~~
~~(NIIMBL), led by the University of Delaware, “to advance U.S. leadership in biopharmaceutical~~
~~manufacturing.”31 NIST did not award a second institute due to a lack of funds.~~
~~P.L. 116-93 provided $16.0 million for NIST NNMI efforts in FY2020, to include funding for~~
~~NIIMBL and for network coordination activities.~~
~~As of the date of this report, 14 NNMI institutes have been established—eight by DOD, five by~~
~~DOE, and one by the Department of Commerce. A new DOD-sponsored instituted is being~~
~~competed in FY2020. A second NIST-sponsored institute has been requested in the President’s~~
~~budget.~~
~~As Congress undertakes the FY2021 appropriations process, an overarching issue will be how to~~
~~respond to the Trump Administration’s FY2021 NIST budget request (expected in February 2020)~~
~~and its policy implications, how much funding to provide to NIST in aggregate, and how to~~
~~allocate NIST appropriations among the core standards and measurement functions performed by~~
~~its laboratories and NIST external programs, such as MEP and Manufacturing USA.~~
~~For a broader discussion about the Network for Manufacturing Innovation and associated policy~~
~~issues, see CRS Report R44371, The National Network for Manufacturing Innovation, by John F.~~
~~Sargent Jr.~~

~~28 The act authorizes the Department of Energy to provide the funds only from amounts appropriated for advanced~~
~~manufacturing research and development within its Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy account.~~
~~29 Explanatory Statement, P.L. 114-113.~~
~~30 NIST, Notice of Intent: National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI) Institute Awards, December 21,~~
~~2015, http://www.nist.gov/amo/nnmi/upload/NIST-NNMI-NOI-2015-12-21.pdf.~~
~~31 Office of Advanced Manufacturing, NIST, DOC, website, “NIST Manufacturing USA Institutes,”~~
~~https://www.nist.gov/amo/nist-manufacturing-usa-institutes.~~
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~~link to page 21 link to page 21 link to page 21 link to page 21 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22 link to page 22~~ ~~The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An Appropriations Overview~~

~~Appendix A. Requested and Enacted Discretionary~~
~~Appropriations for NIST Accounts~~
~~Table A-1. Requested and Enacted Appropriations for NIST Accounts~~
~~Enacted Appropriations, FY2003-FY2020; Requested Appropriations, FY2003-FY2021~~
(in millions of current dollars) (in millions of current dollars)
Scientific and
Technical
Industrial
Research and
Technology
Construction of
Services
Services
Research Facilities
NIST, Total
(STRS)a
(ITS)a
(CRF)
Fiscal Year
Request Request
Enacted Enacted
Request Request
Enacted Enacted
Request Request
Enacted Enacted
Request Request
Enacted Enacted
2022 1,497.2 915.6 441.6 140.0 2021 737.5 1,034.5 ~~2021~~
~~737.5~~

652.0 652.0

788.0 25.3 25.3

166.5 60.2 60.2

80.0 2020 2020
974.8 974.8
1,034.0 1,034.0
611.7 611.7
754.0 754.0
15.2 15.2
162.0 162.0
347.9 347.9
118.0 118.0
2019 2019
629.1 629.1
985.5 985.5
573.4 573.4
724.5 724.5
15.1 15.1
155.0 155.0
40.5 40.5
106.0 106.0
2018 2018
725.0 725.0
1,198.5 1,198.5
600.0 600.0
724.5 724.5
21.0 21.0
155.0 155.0
104.0 104.0
319.0 319.0
2017 2017
1,014.5 1,014.5
954.0 954.0
730.5 730.5
690.0 690.0
189.0 189.0
155.0 155.0
95.0 95.0
109.0 109.0
2016 2016
1,119.7 1,119.7
964.0 964.0
754.7 754.7
690.0 690.0
306.0 306.0
155.0 155.0
59.0 59.0
119.0 119.0
2015 2015
900.0 900.0
863.9 863.9
680.0 680.0
675.5 675.5
161.0 161.0
138.1 138.1
59.0 59.0
50.3 50.3
2014 2014
928.3 928.3
850.0 850.0
693.7 693.7
651.0 651.0
174.5 174.5
143.0 143.0
60.0 60.0
56.0 56.0
201 2013b
857.0 857.0
769.4 769.4
648.0 648.0
579.8 579.8
149.0 149.0
133.6 133.6
60.0 60.0
56.0 56.0
2012 2012
1,001.1 1,001.1
750.8 750.8
678.9 678.9
567.0 567.0
237.6 237.6
128.4 128.4
84.6 84.6
55.4 55.4
201 2011c
918.9 918.9
750.1 750.1
584.5 584.5
507.0 507.0
209.6 209.6
173.2 173.2
124.8 124.8
69.9 69.9
2010 2010
846.1 846.1
856.6 856.6
534.6 534.6
515.0 515.0
194.6 194.6
194.6 194.6
116.9 116.9
147.0 147.0
200 2009d
636.0 636.0
819.0 819.0
535.0 535.0
472.0 472.0
4.0 4.0
175.0 175.0
99.0 99.0
172.0 172.0
2009 ARR 2009 ARRAe
— —
580.0 580.0
— —
220.0 220.0
— —
— —
— —
360.0 360.0
200 2008f
640.7 640.7
755.8 755.8
500.5 500.5
440.5 440.5
46.3 46.3
154.8 154.8
93.9 93.9
160.5 160.5
2007 2007
581.3 581.3
676.9 676.9
467.0 467.0
434.4 434.4
46.3 46.3
183.8 183.8
68.0 68.0
58.7 58.7
200 2006g
532.0 532.0
752.0 752.0
426.3 426.3
394.8 394.8
46.8 46.8
183.6 183.6
58.9 58.9
173.7 173.7
200 2005h
521.5 521.5
699.2 699.2
422.9 422.9
378.8 378.8
39.2 39.2
247.9 247.9
59.4 59.4
72.5 72.5
200 2004i
496.8 496.8
608.5 608.5
387.6 387.6
336.5 336.5
39.6 39.6
207.8 207.8
69.6 69.6
64.3 64.3
200 2003j
577.5 577.5
707.5 707.5
402.2 402.2
357.1 357.1
120.8 120.8
284.8 284.8
54.5 54.5
65.7 65.7
Sources: CRS analysis ofCRS analysis of Department of Commerce and NIST budget documents, FY2003-Department of Commerce and NIST budget documents, FY2003-~~FY2018; P.L. 115-141~~
~~and accompanying explanatory statement~~FY2022. .
Notes: Dashes in cells in this table indicate no request or appropriation was made for that year. Accounts may Dashes in cells in this table indicate no request or appropriation was made for that year. Accounts may
not add to totals due to rounding. not add to totals due to rounding.
a. Funding for the Baldrige Performance Excellence Program was provided in the STRS account appropriation a. Funding for the Baldrige Performance Excellence Program was provided in the STRS account appropriation
through FY2011; in FY2012, funding was requested in the ITS account appropriation. through FY2011; in FY2012, funding was requested in the ITS account appropriation.
b. Enacted levels reflect the 1.877% rescission, 0.2% rescission, and the 5% sequester applied to 2013 b. Enacted levels reflect the 1.877% rescission, 0.2% rescission, and the 5% sequester applied to 2013
annualized CR level. annualized CR level.
c. Enacted levels include 0.2% across-the-board rescission. c. Enacted levels include 0.2% across-the-board rescission.
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The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An Appropriations Overview

d. Enacted levels for STRS appropriation include $3.475 mil ion in congressionally directed projects. The d. Enacted levels for STRS appropriation include $3.475 mil ion in congressionally directed projects. The
FY2009 amount for CRF appropriation includes $44 mil ion in congressionally directed projects and $30 FY2009 amount for CRF appropriation includes $44 mil ion in congressionally directed projects and $30
mil ion for a competitive construction grant program. mil ion for a competitive construction grant program.
e. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) amount for CRF includes $180 mil ion for a e. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) amount for CRF includes $180 mil ion for a
competitive construction grant program for research science buildings. Not reflected above, ARRA also competitive construction grant program for research science buildings. Not reflected above, ARRA also
included a $20 mil ion transfer from the Department of Health and Human Services for standards-related included a $20 mil ion transfer from the Department of Health and Human Services for standards-related
research on electronic medical records and an expected $10 mil ion from a Department of Energy research on electronic medical records and an expected $10 mil ion from a Department of Energy
interagency agreement to help develop a comprehensive framework for a nationwide smart electrical grid. interagency agreement to help develop a comprehensive framework for a nationwide smart electrical grid.
f. f.
The enacted FY2008 level for STRS appropriations includes $893,000 in congressionally directed projects. The enacted FY2008 level for STRS appropriations includes $893,000 in congressionally directed projects.
The enacted FY2008 level for CRF appropriations includes $51.3 mil ion in congressionally directed projects The enacted FY2008 level for CRF appropriations includes $51.3 mil ion in congressionally directed projects
and $30 mil ion for a new competitive construction grant program that was not requested by President and $30 mil ion for a new competitive construction grant program that was not requested by President
Bush. Bush.
g. Enacted levels reflect across-the-board rescissions enacted in P.L. 109-108, FY2006 Science, State, Justice, g. Enacted levels reflect across-the-board rescissions enacted in P.L. 109-108, FY2006 Science, State, Justice,
and Commerce Appropriations Act and in P.L. 109-148, FY2006 Defense Appropriations Act ($9.7 mil ion). and Commerce Appropriations Act and in P.L. 109-148, FY2006 Defense Appropriations Act ($9.7 mil ion).
Does not reflect MEP unobligated balances rescission of $7 mil ion. The amounts for STRS and for the Does not reflect MEP unobligated balances rescission of $7 mil ion. The amounts for STRS and for the
Construction of Research Facilities appropriation include $11.9 mil ion and $125.4 mil ion for Construction of Research Facilities appropriation include $11.9 mil ion and $125.4 mil ion for
congressionally directed projects, respectively. congressionally directed projects, respectively.
h. Enacted levels reflect across-the-board rescissions enacted in P.L. 108-447, FY2005 Consolidated h. Enacted levels reflect across-the-board rescissions enacted in P.L. 108-447, FY2005 Consolidated
Appropriations Act ($9.5 mil ion). Does not reflect ATP unobligated balances rescission of $3.9 mil ion. The Appropriations Act ($9.5 mil ion). Does not reflect ATP unobligated balances rescission of $3.9 mil ion. The
amounts for STRS and for the Construction of Research Facilities appropriation include $8.8 mil ion and amounts for STRS and for the Construction of Research Facilities appropriation include $8.8 mil ion and
$42.9 mil ion for congressionally directed projects, respectively. $42.9 mil ion for congressionally directed projects, respectively.
i. i.
Enacted levels reflect across-the-board rescissions enacted in the FY2004 Consolidated Appropriations Act, Enacted levels reflect across-the-board rescissions enacted in the FY2004 Consolidated Appropriations Act,
P.L. 108-199 ($6.6 mil ion) and NIST’s share of the Department of Commerce’s unobligated balances P.L. 108-199 ($6.6 mil ion) and NIST’s share of the Department of Commerce’s unobligated balances
rescission ($13.0 mil ion). rescission ($13.0 mil ion).
j. j.
Enacted levels reflect an across-the-board rescission enacted in P.L. 108-7 ($4.6 mil ion). Enacted levels reflect an across-the-board rescission enacted in P.L. 108-7 ($4.6 mil ion).
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link to page link to page 2324 link to page link to page 2324 link to page link to page 2324 link to page link to page 2324 link to page link to page 2324 link to page link to page 2324 link to page link to page 2324 link to page link to page 2324 link to page link to page 2425 link to page link to page 2425 link to page link to page 2425 link to page link to page 2425 link to page link to page 2425 link to page link to page 2425 link to page link to page 2425 link to page link to page 2425 link to page link to page 2425 link to page link to page 2425 link to page 25 link to page 25 The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An Appropriations Overview

Appendix B. Requested and Enacted Appropriations
for Selected NIST Programs
Table B-1. Requested and Enacted Appropriations for Selected NIST Programs
Enacted Appropriations, FY2003- Enacted Appropriations, FY2003-~~FY2020~~FY2021; Requested Appropriations, FY2003-; Requested Appropriations, FY2003-~~FY2021~~FY2022
(in millions of current dollars) (in millions of current dollars)
Hollings
Advanced
Manufacturing
Manufacturing
Manufacturing
Innovation
NNMI/
Advanced
Technology
Extension
Technology
Institutes
Manufacturing
Technology
Innovation
Fiscal
Partnership
Consortia
Coordination
USA
Program
Program
Year
Request Enacted Request Enacted Request Enacted Request Enacted Request Enacted Request Enacted Request Enacted Request Enacted Request Enacted Request Enacted Request Enacted Request Enacted
~~2021~~
02022 275.0 .0

— —

5. 5.30

~~20.0~~161.6a — — 2021 0.0 150.0 — 5.3 5.0b 20.0 11.5 — —

—

—

2020 2020
0.0 0.0
146.0 146.0
— —
— —
5.2 5.2
—ac
10.2 10.2
16. 16.0a0c
— —
— —
— —
— —
2019 2019
0.0 0.0
140.0 140.0
— —
— —
5.1 5.1
5. 5.0b0d
10.0 10.0
10. 10.0b0d
— —
— —
— —
— —
2018 2018
6.0 6.0
140.0 140.0
— —
— —
5.0 5.0
5. 5.0c0a
10.0 10.0
10. 10.0c0a
— —
— —
— —
— —
2017 2017
142.0 142.0
130.0 130.0
— —
— —
— —
5. 5.0a0f
47.0 47.0
20. 20.0a0f
— —
— —
— —
— —
2016 2016
141.0 141.0
130.0 130.0
15.0 15.0
— —
— —

150.0 150.0
25.0 25.0
— —
— —
— —
— —
2015 2015
141.0 141.0
130.0 130.0
15.0 15.0
8.1 8.1
5.0 5.0
eg
fh
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
2014 2014
153.1 153.1
128.0 128.0
21.4 21.4
15.0 15.0
— —
— —
fh
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
201 2013g3i
128.0 128.0
123.0 123.0
21.0 21.0
10.6 10.6
— —
— —
fh
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
2012 2012
142.6 142.6
128.4 128.4
12.3 12.3
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
75.0 75.0
— —
201 2011h1j
129.7 129.7
128.4 128.4
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
79.9 79.9
44.8 44.8
2010 2010
124.7 124.7
124.7 124.7
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
69.9 69.9
69.9 69.9
2009 2009
2.0 2.0
110.0 110.0
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
65.0 65.0
2008 2008
46.3 46.3
89.6 89.6
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
65.2 65.2
2007 2007
46.3 46.3
104.7 104.7
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
79.1 79.1
— —
— —
200 2006i6k
46.8 46.8
104.6 104.6
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
79.0 79.0
— —
— —
200 2005j5l
39.2 39.2
107.5 107.5
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
140.4 140.4
— —
— —
200 2004k4m
12.6 12.6
38.6 38.6
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
27.0 27.0
169.1 169.1
— —
— —
200 2003l3n
12.9 12.9
105.9 105.9
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
107.9 107.9
178.8 178.8
— —
— —
Sources: CRS analysis ofCRS analysis of Department of Commerce and NIST budget documents, FY2003-FY2018; P.L. 115-141 Department of Commerce and NIST budget documents, FY2003-FY2018; P.L. 115-141
and accompanying explanatory statement. and accompanying explanatory statement.
Notes: Empty cells in this table indicate no request or appropriation was made for that year. Empty cells in this table indicate no request or appropriation was made for that year.
a. a. Includes $1.7 mil ion for grants to develop industrial technology roadmaps. b. Includes $1.5 mil ion for a competitive grant program to develop technology roadmaps for advanced manufacturing clusters. c. P.L. 116-93 and the accompanying Explanatory Statement state that $16.0 mil ion is provided for the NNMI, P.L. 116-93 and the accompanying Explanatory Statement state that $16.0 mil ion is provided for the NNMI,
but neither explicitly references funding for coordination activities of the network. but neither explicitly references funding for coordination activities of the network.
bd. H.Rept. 116-9 states that $15.0 mil ion is appropriated for the NNMI, of which $5.0 mil ion may be used for . H.Rept. 116-9 states that $15.0 mil ion is appropriated for the NNMI, of which $5.0 mil ion may be used for
coordination activities of the network. coordination activities of the network.
cCongressional Research Service 20 The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An Appropriations Overview e. House Print 29-456 states that $15.0 mil ion is appropriated for the NNMI, of which $5.0 mil ion may be . House Print 29-456 states that $15.0 mil ion is appropriated for the NNMI, of which $5.0 mil ion may be
used for coordination activities of the network. used for coordination activities of the network.
~~Congressional Research Service~~

19

~~The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An Appropriations Overview~~

d. f. House Print 25-289 states that $25.0 mil ion is appropriated for the NNMI, of which $5.0 mil ion may be House Print 25-289 states that $25.0 mil ion is appropriated for the NNMI, of which $5.0 mil ion may be
used for coordination activities of the network. used for coordination activities of the network.
eg. P.L. 113-235 states, “To the extent provided for in advance by appropriations Acts, the Secretary may use . P.L. 113-235 states, “To the extent provided for in advance by appropriations Acts, the Secretary may use
not to exceed $5,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2015 through 2024 to carry out this section from not to exceed $5,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2015 through 2024 to carry out this section from
amounts appropriated to the Institute for Industrial Technical Services.” amounts appropriated to the Institute for Industrial Technical Services.”
f.
h. President Obama requested $1 bil ion in mandatory funding for the NNMI for FY2013; $1 bil ion in President Obama requested $1 bil ion in mandatory funding for the NNMI for FY2013; $1 bil ion in
mandatory funding for FY2014; and $2.4 bil ion in mandatory funding for FY2015. mandatory funding for FY2014; and $2.4 bil ion in mandatory funding for FY2015.
g. i. Enacted levels reflect the 1.877% rescission, 0.2% rescission, and the 5% sequester applied to 2013 Enacted levels reflect the 1.877% rescission, 0.2% rescission, and the 5% sequester applied to 2013
annualized CR level. annualized CR level.
h. j. Enacted levels include 0.2% across-the-board rescission. Enacted levels include 0.2% across-the-board rescission.
i.
k. Enacted levels reflect across-the-board rescissions enacted in P.L. 109-108, FY2006 Science, State, Justice, Enacted levels reflect across-the-board rescissions enacted in P.L. 109-108, FY2006 Science, State, Justice,
and Commerce Appropriations Act and in P.L. 109-148, FY2006 Defense Appropriations Act. and Commerce Appropriations Act and in P.L. 109-148, FY2006 Defense Appropriations Act.
jl. .
Enacted levels reflect across-the-board rescissions enacted in P.L. 108-447, FY2005 Consolidated Enacted levels reflect across-the-board rescissions enacted in P.L. 108-447, FY2005 Consolidated
Appropriations Act ($9.5 mil ion). Does not reflect ATP unobligated balances rescission of $3.9 mil ion. Appropriations Act ($9.5 mil ion). Does not reflect ATP unobligated balances rescission of $3.9 mil ion.
km. Enacted levels reflect across-the-board rescissions enacted in the FY2004 Consolidated Appropriations Act, . Enacted levels reflect across-the-board rescissions enacted in the FY2004 Consolidated Appropriations Act,
P.L. 108-199, and NIST’s share of the Department of Commerce’s unobligated balances rescission. P.L. 108-199, and NIST’s share of the Department of Commerce’s unobligated balances rescission.
l.
n. Enacted levels reflect an across-the-board rescission enacted in P.L. 108-7. Enacted levels reflect an across-the-board rescission enacted in P.L. 108-7.

Author Information

John F. Sargent Jr. John F. Sargent Jr.

Specialist in Science and Technology Policy Specialist in Science and Technology Policy

Disclaimer
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R43908 R43908 · VERSION 4244 · UPDATED
2021