Hurricane Dorian: FEMA and Additional Storm-Related Resources

INSIGHTi Hurricane Dorian: FEMA and Additional Storm-Related Resources Updated September 5, 2019 Introduction

Introduction

On September 6, Hurricane Dorian made landfall as a category 1 storm at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. This Insight provides a brief overview of emergency and major declarations and federal assistance programs potentially available to those affected by Hurricane Dorian. It also lists resources for forecast information, hurricane and flooding information, and selected CRS reports on federal emergency management policy. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has issued  watches and warnings for  for Hurricane Dorian, a storm east of South Carolina on September 5slightly northeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, on September 6. The storm reached hurricane strength as it passed east of Puerto Rico on August 28. The forecast on September 56 anticipates Dorian continuing to move along the eastern U.S. coast, with the potential to move near the coast of South Carolina and near or over the coast of North Carolina on September 5 and 6 to move northeast and further away from the U.S. east coast. NOAA expects southeastern coastal areas to continue to experience tropical storm and hurricane conditions, including life-threatening storm surge, destructive waves, and possible flash floods and isolated tornadoes. President Donald J. Trump signed an emergency declarationdeclarations for Puerto Rico (August 27), the U.S. Virgin Islands (August 28), Florida (August 30), Georgia (September 2), and South Carolina (September 2). Other emergency declarations may be forthcoming. As authorized under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act ( (P.L. 93-288, as amended; 42 U.S.C. §§5121 et seq.), the President may issue an emergency declaration in anticipation of an incident to support state and local efforts to save lives, protect property, and lessen or avert the incident from becoming a major disaster. As Hurricane Dorian makes landfall, and the storm warrants further federal assistance, the President may issue a major major disaster declaration. This allows for a broad range of federal assistance programs to be made available to state, local, and territorial governments, private nonprofit organizations, and individuals through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and other federal agencies. FEMA has announced the following preparations and responses for Hurricane Dorian:  Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina have issued mandatory evacuations for jurisdictions in Dorian’s predicted path. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11160 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Congressional Research Service      2 Commodities such as water, shelf stable meals, blankets, cots, generators, and fuel are strategically staged and are ready to support requests from states or tribes. FEMA established staging areas in locations throughout the Southeast: Maxwell Air Force Base in Alabama, Marine Corps Logistics Base Albany and Warner Robbins Air Force Base in Georgia, Fort Bragg in North Carolina, and Joint Base Charleston in South Carolina. Two FEMA Incident Management Assistance Teams, a FEMA Urban Search and Rescue Team, three Mobile Emergency Response Teams, and a mobile emergency operations vehicle are at the Florida Emergency Operations Center in Tallahassee. FEMA Urban Search and Rescue Teams are deployed to Georgia and Florida, and additional teams are being mobilized along with swift water rescue resources. Ambulance strike teams are preparing to support medical evacuations if needed. Five Disaster Medical Assistance Teams are deployed and ready to support state and tribal requests. Types of FEMA Assistance Provided for Major Disasters FEMA provides three major categories of assistance for major disasters:    Public Assistance (PA) provides grants to tribal, state, territorial, and local governments, and certain private nonprofit organizations, for emergency protective measures, debris removal operations, and repair or replacement of damaged public infrastructure. Individual Assistance (IA) provides aid to affected individuals and households, and can take the form of housing assistance, other needs assistance, crisis counseling, case management services, legal services, and disaster unemployment assistance. Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) funds mitigation and resiliency projects and programs, typically across the entire state or territory. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and other federal agencies.

Declaration Statuses:

• The Governor of Florida requested emergency protective measures (Category B) under the Public Assistance program for 24 counties under FEMA-3419-EM for federal reimbursement to local and state government.  This request is under review.
• The Governor of South Carolina requested a major disaster declaration for the State of South Carolina as a result of Hurricane Dorian beginning on August 31, 2019, and continuing.  This request is under review.
• President Trump approved Emergency Declarations for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, including the Catawba Indian Nation, the Seminole Tribe of Florida, and North Carolina, to include the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians.  The emergency declarations allow for direct federal assistance for emergency and life-safety actions taken.

Types of FEMA Assistance Provided for Major Disasters

FEMA provides three major categories of assistance for major disasters:

• Public Assistance (PA) provides grants to tribal, state, territorial, and local governments, and certain private nonprofit organizations, for emergency protective measures, debris removal operations, and repair or replacement of damaged public infrastructure.
• Individual Assistance (IA) provides aid to affected individuals and households, and can take the form of housing assistance, other needs assistance, crisis counseling, case management services, legal services, and disaster unemployment assistance.
• Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) funds mitigation and resiliency projects and programs, typically across the entire state or territory.

The forms of assistance authorized by a major disaster declaration may vary by the designated areas, per the declaration (subject to amendment). The President can also amend major disaster declarations to decrease the state cost-cost-share requirements for some PA grants. National Flood Insurance Program The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is the primary source of flood insurance coverage for residential properties. Homeowners and tenants with NFIP flood insurance can make flood damage claims using the normal NFIP claims process. There does not have to be an emergency or disaster declaration in order to make an NFIP claim. As of July 31, 2019, the NFIP had $6.004 billion available ($4.897 billion in the National Flood Insurance Fund and $1.107 billion in the reserve fund), as well as $9.9 billion of borrowing authority from the Treasury and up to $2.12 billion of reinsurancereinsurance for a single flood event with losses over $4-$6 billion. Additional Hurricane and Flooding Resources Forecast Information:  National Hurricane Center—Atlantic Congressional Research Service Citizens:        Citizens:Ready.gov Hurricanes Ready.gov Floods Red Cross Hurricane Safety Cruz Roja Americana Huracanes Red Cross Flood Safety National Weather Service Hurricane Safety Tips and Resources National Weather Service Flood Safety Tips and Resources FEMA Programs and Resources:        Public Assistance Fact Sheet Individual Assistance Fact Sheet Hazard Mitigation Grant Program Overview National Flood Insurance Program Overview Incident Management Assistance Teams FEMA Mobile App FEMA Blog CRS Resources Hurricane and Flooding Resources           CRS Report R40882, Flooding Events: CRS Experts CRS In Focus IF10719, Forecasting Hurricanes: Role of the National Hurricane Center CRS Recorded Event WRE00284, Disaster Assistance Overview in Advance of the 2019 Hurricane Season CRS Insight IN11050, Selected Issues for National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Reauthorization and Reform: Homeland Security Issues in the 116th Congress CRS Insight IN11049, A Brief Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program: Homeland Security Issues in the 116th Congress CRS Report R44593, Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) CRS In Focus IF10565, Federal Disaster Assistance for Agriculture CRS Report R45017, Flood Resilience and Risk Reduction: Federal Assistance and Programs Programs CRS In Focus IF10606, Dam Safety: Federal Programs and Authorities CRS In Focus IF10788, Levee Safety and Risk: Status and Considerations Federal Disaster Assistance—Process and Programs    CRS Report R41981, Congressional Primer on Responding to Major Disasters and Emergencies Emergencies CRS Report R43784, FEMA’FEMA's Disaster Declaration Process: A Primer CRS Report R44977, Preliminary Damage Assessments for Major Disasters: Overview, Analysis, and Policy Observations 3 Congressional Research Service     4 CRS Report RL31734, Federal Disaster Assistance Response and Recovery Programs: Brief Summaries CRS Report R45085, FEMA Individual Assistance Programs: In Brief CRS Report R44412, SBA Disaster Loan Program: Frequently Asked Questions CRS Report R45238, FEMA and SBA Disaster Assistance for Individuals and Households: Application Processes, Determinations, and Appeals Author Information Shawn Reese, Coordinator Analyst in Emergency Management and Homeland Security Policy Diane P. Horn Analyst in Flood Insurance and Emergency Management Eva Lipiec Analyst in Natural Resources Policy Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other than public understanding of information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the United States Government, are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be reproduced and distributed in its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include copyrighted images or material from a third party, you may need to obtain the permission of the copyright holder if you wish to copy or otherwise use copyrighted material. IN11160 · VERSION 10 · UPDATED Households: Application Processes, Determinations, and Appeals