< Back to Current Version

FY2016 Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations: In Brief

Changes from July 20, 2015 to February 23, 2016

This page shows textual changes in the document between the two versions indicated in the dates above. Textual matter removed in the later version is indicated with red strikethrough and textual matter added in the later version is indicated with blue.

FY2016 Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations: In Brief Jim Monke Specialist in Agricultural Policy July 20, 2015 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43938 FY2016 Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations: In Brief Contents Scope of Agriculture Appropriations ............................................................................................... 1 Recent Trends in Agriculture Appropriations .................................................................................. 2 Action on FY2016 Agriculture Appropriations ............................................................................... 6 Figures Figure 1. Agriculture Appropriations ............................................................................................... 1 Figure 2. Discretionary Agriculture Appropriations, by Title, Since FY2007 ................................. 2 Figure 3. Inflation-Adjusted Discretionary Agriculture Appropriations Since FY2007 .................. 4 Tables Table 1. Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations, by Title, FY2012-FY2016 ................. 5 Table 2. Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations, by Agency, FY2012-FY2016............. 7 Table 3. Congressional Action on Agriculture Appropriations Since FY1995 .............................. 12 Contacts Author Contact Information........................................................................................................... 13 Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................... 13 Key Policy Staff ............................................................................................................................. 13 Congressional Research Service FY2016 Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations: In Brief I n Congress, the House Appropriations Committee reported an FY2016 Agriculture appropriations bill (H.R. 3049) on July 8, 2015, after the subcommittee had approved its draft on June 18. The Senate Appropriations subcommittee reported its version (S. 1800) on July 16, 2015, after the subcommittee approved its draft on July 14. The discretionary allocation for the House Agriculture subcommittee is $20.650 billion, and $20.510 billion for the Senate subcommittee. The discretionary allocation in the House is $175 million less than the comparable amount for FY2015 (-0.8%). The Budget committees have set the overall discretionary caps so as not to trigger sequestration. Scope of Agriculture Appropriations The Agriculture appropriations bill funds the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), except for the Forest Service. It also funds the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and, in even-numbered fiscal years, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).1 Figure 1. Agriculture Appropriations (FY2015 budget authority in billions of dollars) SNAP, 82 CCC, 13 FCIC, 10 Agriculture appropriations include both mandatory and discretionary spending. But discretionary amounts are the primary focus during the bill’s development, since mandatory amounts generally are set by authorizing laws such as the farm bill. Though amounts for FY2016 are still in flux and are discussed later in this report, the scope of the appropriation is shown in Figure 1. In FY2015, the largest discretionary spending items in the bill were the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC); agricultural research; FDA; rural development; foreign food aid and trade; farm assistance programs; food safety inspection; conservation; and animal and plant health programs. The main mandatory spending items are the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), child nutrition, crop insurance, and the Commodity Credit Corporation, which pays for the farm commodity and conservation programs. Mandatory Discretionary 126 21 Child nutrition, 21 WIC, CSFP, 7.1 Research, 2.7 FDA, 2.6 Rural Dev., 2.6 Foreign aid FSA, RMA FSIS Conservation APHIS Source: CRS, compiled from P.L. 113-235. Does not show some agencies under $0.5 billion, including CFTC, AMS, GIPSA, and department administration that together are offset by reductions. Notes: CCC = Commodity Credit Corp.; FCIC = Federal Crop Insurance Corp.; SNAP = Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; WIC = Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children; CSFP = Commodity Supplemental Food Program; FDA = Food and Drug Admin.; FSA = Farm Service Agency; RMA = Risk Management Agency; FSIS = Food Safety and Inspection Service; APHIS = Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; AMS = Agricultural Marketing Service; GIPSA = Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Admin. 1 Jurisdiction over CFTC appropriations differs between the House and Senate. Since FY2008, CFTC is marked up in the House Agriculture Appropriations Subcommittee and the Senate Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Subcommittee. The enacted appropriation is carried in Agriculture appropriations in even-numbered fiscal years, and Financial Services appropriations in odd-numbered fiscal years. Congressional Research Service 1 FY2016 Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations: In Brief Recent Trends in Agriculture Appropriations For FY2016, the “302(b)” Agriculture subcommittee allocation for discretionary spending is $20.650 billion in the House (H.Rept. 114-118) and $20.510 billion in the Senate (S.Rept. 11455). The Senate allocation does not need to cover CFTC, which makes it effectively $110 million more than a comparative allocation in the House. The House allocation is a reduction of 0.8% from FY2015 (the line and dots in Figure 2). A FY2016 House bill (H.R. 3049) and Senate bill (S. 1800) have been reported to allocate these amounts (the stacked bars in Figure 2, Table 1). Last year, the FY2015 Agriculture appropriation was reported in both chambers but not passed on the floor. Enacted in an omnibus appropriation, its discretionary total was $20.825 billion (House basis with CFTC). Mandatory spending carried in the bill totaled $126.49 billion (Figure 1). Appropriations: In Brief
February 23, 2016 (R43938)

Action on FY2016 Agriculture Appropriations

The FY2016 Agriculture Appropriations bill was enacted as part of an omnibus appropriation on December 18, 2015 (P.L. 114-113). Agriculture appropriations bills were reported in both chambers, but neither went to the floor (H.R. 3049, S. 1800). The enacted appropriation provides $21.750 billion for discretionary amounts in the Agriculture appropriation, an increase of $925 million over FY2015 (+4.4%), and $1.1 billion more than the House-reported bill or $990 million more than the Senate-reported bill. The omnibus follows a higher budget allocation1 in the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (P.L. 114-74) than was available to develop the reported bills.

Mandatory spending carried in the Agriculture appropriation is roughly $119 billion, making the FY2016 total about $141 billion. The appropriation also contains policy-related provisions.

The initial "302(b)" allocation for discretionary spending by the House Agriculture appropriations subcommittee was $20.650 billion (H.Rept. 114-97), $175 million less than FY2015.2 The House subcommittee approved a draft bill on June 18, 2015. The full House Appropriations Committee reported the bill on July 8, 2015, by voice vote (H.R. 3049, H.Rept. 114-205).

The initial Senate subcommittee allocation was $20.510 billion (S.Rept. 114-55), effectively $110 million greater than the House bill since Senate jurisdiction for the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) rests with the Financial Services appropriations subcommittee. The Senate Agriculture subcommittee approved a draft bill on July 14. The full Senate Appropriations Committee reported the bill on July 16, 2015, by a vote of 28-2 (S. 1800, S.Rept. 114-82).

The White House released its FY2016 budget request on February 2, 2015,3 together with the USDA budget summary4 and the more detailed budget justification.5 See Table 1 for amounts by title; Table 2 for amounts by agency; and Table 3 for a timeline of action since 1995. Major Differences in FY2016 Among spending differences in the FY2016 appropriation that exceed $10 million from FY2015 (Table 2)—and that were provided mostly with the extra allocation in the Bipartisan Budget Agreement—the enacted appropriation provides the Rural Housing Service $301 million more than FY2015 (+28%) for rental assistance grants and $25 million more for housing revitalization and community facilities grants. For the Rural Utilities Service, rural water and waste disposal grants rise $57 million (+12%). For international food aid, an extra $250 million is provided for Food for Peace grants. The Agricultural Research Service receives $178 million more than FY2015 (+15%), mostly for buildings and facilities, and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture receives $37 million more, mostly for Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (+7.7%). Implementation of the Food Safety Modernization Act is bolstered by an increase of $104 million, part of the $132 million boost for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Emergency conservation, watershed, and forestry programs receive $157 million more than in FY2015, some of it offset by a disaster declaration for budget accounting. The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service receives $23 million more than in FY2015 (+3%). Among reductions, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) receives $273 million less than in FY2015. The Environmental Quality Incentives Program, a change to a mandatory program, is reduced by $73 million more than its reduction last year.

Among the notable policy-related provisions discussed this year, the enacted appropriation repeals certain country-of-origin provisions. It continues to prohibit horse slaughter facility inspections and the import of processed poultry from China for certain nutrition programs. It continues providing flexibility from whole grain and sodium requirements in the child nutrition programs and addresses the formation of future dietary guidelines. It restores the use of commodity certificates for the marketing loan program, including not being subject to payment limits. However, it does not change the conservation compliance requirements, nor does it limit the applicability of certain tobacco regulations for e-cigarettes, unlike the House markup.

Scope of Agriculture Appropriations

Figure 1. Agriculture Appropriations

(FY2016 budget authority in billions of dollars)

Source: CRS. Does not show some agencies under $0.5 billion that together are offset by reductions; excludes Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

Notes: SNAP = Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; CCC = Commodity Credit Corp.; FCIC = Federal Crop Insurance Corp.; WIC = Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children; CSFP = Commodity Supplemental Food Program; FDA = Food and Drug Admin.; FSA = Farm Service Agency; RMA = Risk Management Agency; FSIS = Food Safety and Inspection Service; APHIS = Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.

The Agriculture appropriations bill funds all of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), except for the Forest Service. It also funds FDA, and, in even-numbered fiscal years, the enacted bill carries the CFTC.6

Agriculture appropriations include both mandatory and discretionary spending. But discretionary amounts are the primary focus during the bill's development, since mandatory amounts generally are set by authorizing laws such as the farm bill.

The scope of the appropriation can be shown by the major allocations in the FY2016 appropriation (Figure 1). The largest discretionary spending items are WIC, agricultural research, FDA, rural development, foreign food aid and trade, farm assistance programs, food safety inspection, conservation, and animal and plant health.

The main mandatory spending items are the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP); child nutrition; crop insurance; and the Commodity Credit Corporation, which pays for the farm commodity, conservation, and other mandatory programs.

Recent Trends in Agriculture Appropriations The stacked bars in Figure 2 represent the discretionary spending authorized for each title in the 10 years since FY2007. The . The total of the positive stacked bars has beenis higher than the “official "302(b)”" discretionary spending limit (the line) because of the offset offered bybudgetary offset from negative amounts in the General Provisions title and other scorekeeping adjustments. General provisionsProvisions are negative mostly because of limits placed on certain mandatory programs, which are scored as “savings or "Changes in Mandatory Program Spending (CHIMPS),” and also rescissions (see (CHIMPS);" see near the end of Table 2 for examples. Increases in the use of CHIMPS and other tools to offset discretionary appropriations have ameliorated recent reductions in budget authority in some of the years since FY2010. For example, the official "302(b)" discretionary total for the bill has been given credit for declining 6.7% from FY2010 to FY2016 ($23.3 billion to $21.75 billion, Figure 2), while the total of Titles I-VI has declined only 4.6% over that same period ($23.6 billion to $22.5 billion). The effect is less pronounced in FY2016 than it was in FY2011-FY2015 when the offsets were larger. The offset in FY2016 is relatively smaller, in part, because of additional spending in the General Provisions title for foreign food aid and emergency programs.

Figure 2. Discretionary Agriculture Appropriations, by Title, Since FY2007

Source: CRS.

Notes: Fiscal year budget authority. Includes only regular annual appropriations. Includes CFTC regardless of jurisdiction.

On an inflation-adjusted basis, FY2016 Agriculture appropriations are 16% below their peak in FY2010 (Figure 3). When expressed in constant dollars, the official FY2016 appropriation has risen 7.2% above the recent low of the FY2013 post-sequestration level, and the subtotal of Titles I-VI has risen 6.1% since FY2013. Since FY2014, on an inflation-adjusted basis, the total Agricultural appropriation has been roughly constant, on par with FY2012 and in between the amounts in FY008 and FY2009.

Over time, changes by title of the bill generally have been proportionate to changes in the total discretionary Agriculture appropriation, though some areas have sustained real increases while others have declined (apart from the peak in 2010). Agencies with sustained real increases since FY2007 include the Food and Drug Administration and CFTC (Related Agencies) and, to a lesser extent, foreign assistance. Agencies with real decreases since 2007 include discretionary conservation programs and general agricultural programs. Rural development generally had decreased over the period through FY2015, though the FY2016 appropriation may have reversed that trend. Domestic nutrition programs in FY2016 are higher on a real basis than in FY2007 but are lower than in all of the other intervening years.

Figure 3. Inflation-Adjusted Discretionary Agriculture Appropriations Since FY2007

Source: CRS.

Notes: Fiscal year budget authority, adjusted for inflation by CRS using the gross domestic product price deflator. Includes only regular appropriations. Includes CFTC regardless of jurisdiction.

Table 1. Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations, by Title, FY2015-FY2016.

(budget authority in millions of dollars)

 

FY2015

FY2016

 

Title of Agriculture Appropriations Act

P.L. 113-235

Admin. Request

H. Cmte. H.R. 3049

S. Cmte. S. 1800

P.L. 114-113

Change from FY2015 to FY2016 Enacted

I: Agricultural Programs

30,446.6

27,401.7

26,830.1

26,838.2

23,174.9

-7,271.7

-23.9%

Mandatory (M)

23,659.7

20,120.7

20,120.7

20,120.7

16,154.6

-7,505.1

-31.7%

Discretionary

6,786.9

7,281.0

6,709.4

6,717.5

7,020.3

+233.4

+3.4%

II: Conservation Programs

859.3

1,032.1

839.8

856.1

863.8

+4.4

+0.5%

III: Rural Development

2,582.4

2,758.4

2,645.6

2,675.9

2,950.0

+367.6

+14.2%

IV: Domestic Food Programs

110,190.9

112,348.0

110,075.1

110,140.4

109,797.0

-393.9

-0.4%

Mandatory (M)

103,096.7

105,146.4

103,128.6

103,145.4

102,958.1

-138.6

-0.1%

Discretionary

7,094.1

7,201.6

6,946.5

6,995.0

6,838.9

-255.3

-3.6%

V: Foreign Assistance

1,848.3

1,812.5

1,802.3

1,864.1

1,868.5

+20.1

+1.1%

VI: Food and Drug Administration

2,597.3

2,743.5

2,627.3

2,637.8

2,729.6

+132.3

+5.1%

Commodity Futures Trading Commission

[250.0]

322.0

245.0

[250.0]a

250.0

+0.0

+0.0%

VII: General Provisions: CHIMPS & rescissions

-802.0

-1,036.0

-832.0

-908.0

-865.0

-63.0

+7.9%

General Provisions: Other appropriations

122.6

0.0

2.0

6.6

556.1

+433.5

+353.6%

Scorekeeping adjustments

-398.0

-331.0

-336.0

-335.0

-332.0

+66.0

-16.6%

Subtract disaster declaration in this bill

-116.0

—

—

—

-130.0

-14.0

—

Discretionary: Senate basis w/o CFTC

20,575.0

21,462.2

[20,405.0]

20,510.0

[21,500.0]

+925.0

+4.5%

Discretionary: House basis w/ CFTC

[20,825.0]

21,784.2

20,650.0

[20,760.0]

21,750.0

+925.0

+4.4%

Mandatory (M)

126,756.5

125,267.1

123,249.3

123,266.1

119,112.7

-7,643.7

-6.0%

Total: House basis w/ CFTC

147,581.5

147,051.3

143,899.3

144,026.1

140,862.7

-6,718.7

-4.6%

Source: CRS, using referenced bill text, appropriations committee report tables, and unpublished Congressional Budget Office (CBO) tables.

Notes: Amounts are nominal budget authority in millions of dollars. Amounts are discretionary authority unless labeled otherwise. Amounts do not include supplemental appropriations that were enacted outside the annual appropriation. [Bracketed amounts] are not in the official totals due to differing House-Senate jurisdiction for the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).

a. From S. 1910, the committee-reported Financial Services and General Government Appropriations bill. Table 2. Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations, by Agency, FY2013-FY2016

Budget authority in millions of dollars

FY2013

FY2014

FY2015

FY2016

 

Agency or Major Program

P.L. 113-6 post-sequ.a

P.L. 113-76

P.L. 113-235

Admin. Request

H. Cmte. H.R. 3049

S. Cmte. S. 1800

P.L. 114-113

Change from FY2015 to FY2016 Enacted

Title I: Agricultural Programs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Departmental Administration

531.3

526.1

364.5

456.1

353.6

362.1

373.2

+8.7

+2.4%

Research, Education and Economics

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Agricultural Research Service

1,016.9

1,122.5

1,177.6

1,397.4

1,167.5

1,136.8

1,355.9

+178.3

+15.1%

National Institute of Food & Agriculture

1,142.0

1,277.1

1,289.5

1,503.1

1,284.5

1,293.7

1,326.5

+37.0

+2.9%

National Agricultural Statistics Service

166.6

161.2

172.4

180.3

161.2

168.1

168.4

-4.0

-2.3%

Economic Research Service

71.4

78.1

85.4

86.0

78.1

85.4

85.4

+0.0

+0.0%

Under Secretary, Research, Education, Econ.

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

-0.0

-0.6%

Marketing and Regulatory Programs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service

761.4

824.9

874.5

859.0

874.1

879.6

897.6

+23.1

+2.6%

Agricultural Marketing Service

75.7

81.3

82.4

84.4

82.0

82.4

82.5

+0.0

+0.0%

Section 32 (M)

1,049.6

1,107.0

1,284.0

1,425.0

1,425.0

1,425.0

1,425.0

+141.0

+11.0%

Grain Inspection, Packers & Stockyards

37.3

40.3

43.0

44.1

43.0

43.0

43.1

+0.0

+0.0%

Under Secretary, Marketing and Regulatory

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

-0.0

-0.6%

Food Safety

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Food Safety & Inspection Service

977.3

1,010.7

1,016.5

1,011.6

1,011.6

1,013.6

1,014.9

-1.6

-0.2%

Under Secretary, Food Safety

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

+0.0

+0.0%

Farm and Commodity Programs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Farm Service Agencyb

1,503.9

1,592.2

1,603.3

1,579.1

1,576.9

1,574.8

1,595.1

-8.2

-0.5%
FSA Farm Loans: Loan Authorityc

4,575.7

5,527.3

6,402.1

6,402.1

6,402.1

6,402.1

6,402.1

-0.0

-0.0%

Risk Management Agency Salaries & Exp.

69.1

71.5

74.8

76.9

74.0

74.8

74.8

+0.0

+0.0%
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation (M)d

9,514.5

9,502.9

8,930.5

8,175.2

8,175.2

8,175.2

7,858.0

-1,072.5

-12.0%
Commodity Credit Corporation (M)d

11,018.5

12,538.9

13,444.7

10,519.9

10,519.9

10,519.9

6,871.1

-6,573.6

-48.9%

Under Secretary, Farm and Foreign Agr.

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

+0.0

+0.0%

Subtotal

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mandatory (M)

21,582.7

23,149.1

23,659.7

20,120.7

20,120.7

20,120.7

16,154.6

-7,505.1

-31.7%

Discretionary

6,356.2

6,789.0

6,786.9

7,281.0

6,709.4

6,717.5

7,020.3

+233.4

+3.4%

Subtotal

27,938.8

29,938.1

30,446.6

27,401.7

26,830.1

26,838.2

23,174.9

-7,271.7

-23.9%

Title II: Conservation Programs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conservation Operations

766.8

812.9

846.4

831.2

832.9

855.2

850.9

+4.4

+0.5%

Watershed & Flood Prevention

—

—

—

200.0

—

—

—

+0.0

+0.0%

Watershed Rehabilitation Program

13.6

12.0

12.0

0.0

6.0

—

12.0

+0.0

+0.0%

Under Secretary, Natural Resources

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

+0.0

+0.0%

Subtotal

781.2

825.8

859.3

1,032.1

839.8

856.1

863.8

+4.4

+0.5%

Title III: Rural Development

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Salaries and Expenses (including transfers)e

613.0

657.4

678.2

685.6

679.2

682.7

682.9

+4.6

+0.7%

Rural Housing Service

1,031.1

1,279.6

1,298.4

1,394.7

1,368.7

1,367.2

1,616.4

+318.1

+24.5%
RHS Loan Authorityc

27,335.1

27,408.1

27,421.5

27,407.4

27,496.8

27,483.0

27,496.8

+75.3

+0.3%
Rural Business-Cooperative Servicef

114.2

130.2

103.2

138.7

87.0

91.5

90.5

-12.8

-12.4%
RBCS Loan Authorityc

953.7

1,022.8

984.5

993.6

984.5

994.2

979.3

-5.2

-0.5%

Rural Utilities Service

520.8

501.6

501.7

538.4

509.7

533.7

559.3

+57.6

+11.5%
RUS Loan Authorityc

8,849.4

7,514.5

7,464.1

7,934.2

7,464.1

8,710.6

8,210.6

+746.5

+10.0%

Under Secretary, Rural Development

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

-0.0

-0.6%

Subtotal

2,279.9

2,569.7

2,582.4

2,758.4

2,645.6

2,675.9

2,950.0

+367.6

+14.2%
Subtotal, RD Loan Authorityc

37,138.2

35,945.4

35,870.1

36,335.2

35,945.4

37,187.8

36,686.7

+816.7

+2.3%

Title IV: Domestic Food Programs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Child Nutrition Programs (M)

19,913.2

19,288.0

21,300.2

21,587.3

21,507.43

21,524.4

22,149.7

+849.6

+4.0%

WIC Program

6,522.2

6,715.8

6,623.0

6,623.0

6,484.0

6,513.0

6,350.0

-273.0

-4.1%

SNAP, Food & Nutrition Act Programs (M)

77,285.4

82,169.9

81,837.6

83,693.1

81,653.2

81,662.1

80,849.4

-988.2

-1.2%

Commodity Assistance Programs

243.7

269.7

278.5

288.3

288.3

288.3

296.2

+17.7

+6.4%

Nutrition Programs Administration

132.7

141.3

150.8

155.6

141.3

151.8

150.8

+0.0

+0.0%

Office of Under Secretary

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

-0.0

-0.6%

Subtotal

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mandatory (M)

97,171.9

101,432.9

103,096.7

105,146.4

103,128.6

103,145.4

102,958.1

-138.6

-0.1%

Discretionary

6,926.1

7,152.7

7,094.1

7,201.6

6,946.5

6,995.0

6,838.9

-255.3

-3.6%

Subtotal

104,098.0

108,585.6

110,190.9

112,348.0

110,075.1

110,140.4

109,797.0

-393.9

-0.4%

Title V: Foreign Assistance

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign Agricultural Service

163.1

177.9

181.4

191.6

184.4

187.2

191.6

+10.1

+5.6%

Food for Peace Title II, and admin. Exp.

1,362.0

1,468.7

1,468.5

1,402.5

1,419.5

1,468.5

1,468.5g

+0.0

+0.0%

Local and regional food procurement

—

—

—

20.0

—

—

—

+0.0

+0.0%

McGovern-Dole Food for Education

174.5

185.1

191.6

191.6

191.6

201.6

201.6

+10.0

+5.2%

CCC Export Loan Salaries

6.3

6.7

6.7

6.7

6.7

6.7

6.7

+0.0

+0.0%

Subtotal

1,705.9

1,838.5

1,848.3

1,812.5

1,802.3

1,864.1

1,868.5g

+20.1

+1.1%

Title VI: Related Agencies

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Food and Drug Administration

2,386.0

2,560.7

2,597.3

2,743.5

2,627.3

2,637.8

2,729.6

+132.3

+5.1%
Commodity Futures Trading Commissionh

[194.0]

215.0

[250.0]

322.0

245.0

[250.0]

250.0

+0.0

+0.0%

Subtotal

2,386.0

2,775.7

2,597.3

3,065.5

2,872.3

2,637.8

2,979.6
 

 

Title VII: General Provisions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reductions in Mandatory Programs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

a. Environmental Quality Incentives Program

-279.0

-272.0

-136.0

-373.0

-189.0

-264.0

-209.0

-73.0

+53.7%

b. Watershed Rehabilitation Program

-165.0

-153.0

-69.0

-69.0

-64.0

-68.0

-68.0

+1.0

-1.4%

c. Conservation Stewardship Program

—

—

-7.0

-3.0

-2.0

—

—

+7.0

-100.0%

d. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program

-117.0

-119.0

-122.0

-125.0

-125.0

-125.0

-125.0

-3.0

+2.5%

e. Biorefinery Assistance Program

—

-40.7

-16.0

—

-26.0

—

-19.0

-3.0

-18.8%

f. Biomass Crop Assistance Program

—

—

-2.0

—

-12.0

-20.0

-20.0

-18.0

+900.0%

g. Rural Energy for America Program

—

—

—

—

-16.0

—

—

+0.0

+0.0%

h. Cushion of Credit (Rural Development)

-180.0

-172.0

-179.0

-154.0

-154.0

-182.0

-179.0

+0.0

+0.0%

i. Section 32

-110.0

-189.0

-121.0

-292.0

-216.0

-216.0

-216.0

-95.0

+78.5%

j. Other CHIMPS and rescissions

-42.0

-8.0

-133.0

—

+6.0

—

+5.0

+138.0

-103.8%

Subtotal, CHIMPS

-893.0

-953.7

-785.0

-1,016.0

-798.0

-875.0

-831.0

-46.0

+5.9%

Rescissions (discretionary)

-25.3

-33.3

-17.0

-20.0

-34.0

-33.0

-34.0

-17.0

+100.0%

Other appropriations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

a. Disaster/Emergency programs

83.9

—

116.0

—

2.0

—

273.0

+157.0

+135.3%

b. Other appropriations

48.6

106.6

6.6

—

—

6.6

283.1g

+276.5

—

Subtotal, Other appropriations

132.5

106.6

122.6

0.0

2.0

6.6

556.1

+433.5

+353.6%

Total, General Provisions

-785.9

-880.4

-679.4

-1,036.0

-830.0

-901.4

-308.9

+370.5

-54.5%
Scorekeeping Adjustmentsi

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Disaster declaration in this bill

—

—

-116.0

—

—

—

-130.0

-14.0

—

Other scorekeeping adjustments

-129.0

-191.0

-398.0

-331.0

-336.0

-344.0

-332.0

+66.0

-16.6%

Subtotal

-129.0

-191.0

-514.0

-331.0

-336.0

-335.0

-462.0

+52.0

-10.1%

Totals

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Discretionary: Senate basis w/o CFTC

19,520.4

[20,665.0]

20,575.0

21,462.2

[20,405.0]

20,510.0

[21,500.0]

+925.0

+4.5%

Discretionary: House basis w/ CFTC

[19,714.4]

20,880.0

[20,825.0]

21,784.2

20,650.0

[20,760.0]

21,750.0

+925.0

+4.4%

Mandatory (M)

118,754.6

124,582.0

126,756.5

125,267.1

123,249.3

123,266.1

119,112.7

-7,643.7

-6.0%

Total: House basis w/ CFTC

138,469.0

145,462.0

147,581.5

147,051.3

143,899.3

144,026.1

140,862.7

-6,718.7

-4.6%

Source: CRS, using referenced bill text, appropriations committee report tables, and unpublished CBO tables.

Notes: Amounts are budget authority in millions of dollars and are in nominal dollars. Amounts do not include supplemental appropriations outside the annual appropriation. Amounts are discretionary authority unless labeled otherwise; (M) indicates that the account is mandatory authority (or primarily mandatory authority). [Bracketed amounts] are not in the official totals due to differing House-Senate jurisdiction for CFTC but are shown for comparison.

a. for nominal data and amounts by agency). Figure 2. Discretionary Agriculture Appropriations, by Title, Since FY2007 Dollars in Millions Admin House Senate Discretionary Appropriations I: Agricultural Programs II: Conservation Programs 7,336 6,885 6,850 6,633 969 2,979 2,500 5,523 6,789 6,787 938 2,732 889 844 6,711 6,718 6,356 1,009 6,443 853 6,677 7,281 781 2,638 2,405 2,280 1,032 840 856 2,758 2,570 2,582 2,644 2,676 826 859 III: Rural Development IV: Domestic Food Programs V: Foreign Assistance 2,334 6,374 7,655 7,128 7,001 7,094 7,202 6,946 6,995 6,926 7,153 7,234 VII: General Provisions and Scorekeeping adjustments 2,089 1,891 1,836 1,706 1,838 1,848 1,813 1,802 1,864 1,499 1,476 1,479 2,659 2,711 2,580 2,776 2,847 3,066 2,872 2,888 1,672 1,828 2,197 2,526 -761 -1,490 -881 VI: Related Agencies -291 -1,958 -1,713 -915 -1,071 -1,193 -1,367 -1,166 -1,245 Discretionary total "302(b)" House basis w/ CFTC Discretionary total "302(b)" Senate basis w/o CFTC 2016 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Admin House Senate Source: CRS. Congressional Research Service 2 FY2016 Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations: In Brief Notes: Fiscal year budget authority. Includes only regular annual appropriations; includes CFTC regardless of jurisdiction. To aid graphical comparison at this time, a constant $250 million is assumed for CFTC in FY2016 in the Senate since the Financial Services bill has not yet been reported. Increases in the use of CHIMPS and other tools to offset discretionary appropriations have ameliorated reductions in budget authority since FY2010. For example, the official “302(b)” discretionary total for the bill declined 10.6% from FY2010 to FY2015 ($23.3 billion to $20.8 billion, Figure 2), while the total of Titles I-VI declined only 6.7% over that same period ($23.6 billion to $22.0 billion). Figure 3 illustrates a 10-year series of Agriculture appropriations on an inflation-adjusted basis. In constant FY2016 dollars, FY2015 Agriculture appropriations are 18% below their peak in FY2010, but have risen 2.7% above the FY2013 post-sequestration level. The FY2016 House subcommittee allocation would be about 2.4% below the inflation-adjusted amount for FY2015, about equal to the post-sequestration amount in FY2013, and on par with FY2007-FY2008. Over time, changes by title of the bill generally have been proportionate to changes in the total discretionary Agriculture appropriation, though some areas have sustained real increases while others have declined (separate from the peak in 2010). Agencies with sustained real increases since FY2007 include the Food and Drug Administration and CFTC (Related Agencies), the domestic food programs, and to a lesser extent foreign assistance. Agencies with real decreases since 2007 include rural development, discretionary conservation programs, and general agricultural programs. Congressional Research Service 3 FY2016 Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations: In Brief Figure 3. Inflation-Adjusted Discretionary Agriculture Appropriations Since FY2007 Inflation-adjusted FY2016 Dollars in Millions Admin House Senate Discretionary Appropriations I: Agricultural Programs 8,093 7,451 7,623 7,403 7,468 6,644 1,114 1,079 3,286 8,445 7,176 8,050 1,669 1,699 1,662 962 2,854 1,056 3,040 980 2,628 2,873 6,346 II: Conservation Programs 7,100 6,990 6,895 7,281 6,711 6,718 873 1,032 840 856 2,558 2,646 2,623 2,758 2,644 2,676 2,383 898 817 850 7,713 7,445 7,240 7,364 7,207 7,202 6,946 6,995 IV: Domestic Food Programs V: Foreign Assistance VI: Related Agencies VII: General Provisions and Scorekeeping adjustments 2,305 2,047 1,952 1,783 1,893 1,878 1,813 1,802 1,864 2,878 2,883 2,697 2,858 2,893 3,066 2,872 2,888 1,922 2,058 2,445 2,787 -875 -1,677 -980 III: Rural Development -320 -2,119 -1,821 -956 -1,103 -1,212 -1,367 -1,166 -1,245 Discretionary total "302(b)" House basis w/ CFTC Discretionary total "302(b)" Senate basis w/o CFTC 2016 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Admin House Senate Source: CRS. Notes: Fiscal year budget authority, adjusted for inflation by CRS using the GDP price deflator. Includes only regular appropriations; includes CFTC regardless of jurisdiction. To aid graphical comparison, a constant $250 million is assumed for CFTC in FY2016 in the Senate since the Financial Services bill has not yet been reported. Congressional Research Service 4 Table 1. Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations, by Title, FY2012-FY2016 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 Change from FY2015... to Senate Bill Senate Compared with House -3,614.7 -3,608.4 +6.3 20,120.7 -3,539.1 -3,539.1 +0.0 6,711.2 6,717.5 -75.7 -69.4 +6.3 1,032.1 839.8 856.1 -19.5 -3.2 +16.3 2,582.4 2,758.4 2,643.9 2,675.9 +61.4 +93.5 +32.1 108,585.6 110,190.9 112,348.0 110,075.1 110,140.4 -115.8 -50.5 +65.3 97,171.9 101,432.9 103,096.7 105,146.4 103,128.6 103,145.0 +31.9 +48.3 +16.4 6,926.1 7,152.7 7,094.1 7,201.6 6,946.5 6,995.4 -147.7 -98.7 +48.9 V: Foreign Assistance 1,705.9 1,838.5 1,848.3 1,812.5 1,802.3 1,864.1 -46.0 +15.8 +61.8 VI: Food and Drug Administration 2,386.0 2,560.7 2,597.3 2,743.5 2,627.3 2,637.8 +30.0 +40.4 +10.4 [194.0] 215.0 [250.0] 322.0 245.0 na -5.0 na na -918.4 -987.0 -802.0 -1,036.0 -832.0 -908.0 -30.0 -106.0 -76.0 132.5 106.6 122.6 0.0 2.0 6.6 -120.6 -116.0 +4.6 -129.0 -191.0 -398.0 -331.0 -336.0 -344.0 +62.0 +54.0 -8.0 Title of Agriculture Appropriations Act I: Agricultural Programs Mandatory (M) Discretionary II: Conservation Programs III: Rural Development IV: Domestic Food Programs Mandatory (M) Discretionary Commodity Futures Trading Commission VII: General Provisions: CHIMPS & rescissions General Provisions: Other appropriations Scorekeeping adjustments P.L. 1136 post- House P.L. 11376 P.L. 113235 27,938.8 29,938.1 30,446.6 27,401.7 26,831.9 26,838.2 21,582.7 23,149.1 23,659.7 20,120.7 20,120.7 6,356.2 6,789.0 6,786.9 7,281.1 781.2 825.8 859.3 2,279.9 2,569.7 104,098.0 sequ. Subtract disaster declaration in this bill Admin. Request H.R. 3049 Senate S. 1800 to House Bill -116.0 Discretionary: Senate basis w/o CFTC 19,520.4 [20,665.0] 20,575.0 21,462.2 [20,405.0] 20,501.4 -170.0 -73.6 +96.4 Discretionary: House basis w/ CFTC [19,714.4] 20,880.0 [20,825.0] 21,784.2 20,650.0 na -175.0 na na Mandatory (M) 118,754.6 124,582.0 126,756.5 125,267.1 123,249.3 123,265.7 -3,507.2 -3,490.8 +16.4 Total: House basis w/ CFTC 138,469.0 145,462.0 147,581.5 147,051.3 143,899.3 144,017.1 -3,682.2 -3,564.4 +117.8 Source: CRS, using appropriations committee and CBO tables. Amounts are nominal budget authority in millions of dollars. Amounts are discretionary authority unless labeled otherwise. Amounts do not include supplemental appropriations outside the annual appropriation. Amounts for FY2013 are at the post-sequestration level from the USDA Operating Plan. [Bracketed amounts] are not in the official totals due to differing House-Senate jurisdiction for CFTC. Amounts for CFTC in the Senate are not yet available for comparison because the FY2016 Senate Financial Services bill has not been reported. CRS-5 FY2016 Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations: In Brief Action on FY2016 Agriculture Appropriations The White House released its FY2016 budget request on February 2, 2015.2 USDA concurrently released its budget summary3 and budget explanatory notes4 with more programmatic details. The agriculture subcommittees of the House and Senate Appropriations Committees held hearings through the spring with agency officials on the Administration’s budget request. The House Appropriations Committee reported its “302(b)” allocations that set discretionary spending limits for the subcommittees on April 29, 2015 (H.Rept. 114-97). The discretionary allocation for the Agriculture and related agencies bill is $20.650 billion, which is $175 million less than the comparable amount for FY2015 ($20.825 billion).5 The House Agriculture appropriations subcommittee approved a draft bill6 on June 18, 2015, that distributes the allocation across agencies in its jurisdiction (Table 2).7 The House Appropriations Committee reported the bill on July 8, 2015, by voice vote (H.R. 3049, H.Rept. 114-205). The subcommittee allocation in the Senate is $20.510 billion (S.Rept. 114-55). Since the Senate allocation does not need to cover CFTC, which is in the jurisdiction of the Financial Services appropriations subcommittee, it is effectively $110 million more than a comparative allocation in the House if CFTC were held constant. The Senate Agriculture appropriations subcommittee approved a draft bill on July 14. The Senate Appropriations Committee reported the bill on July 16, 2015, by a vote of 28-2 (S. 1800, S.Rept. 114-82). Last year, for FY2015, both of the agriculture subcommittees marked up bills on May 20, 2014, one of the earliest markups by both subcommittees in two decades (Table 3).8 For a discussion of policy issues that affected the FY2015 appropriation, see CRS Report R43669, Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2015 Appropriations. 2 Office of Management and Budget (OMB), FY2016 Budget of the U.S. Government, at http://www.whitehouse.gov/ omb/budget. See especially the details in the Appendix, at http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/Appendix. Note that the USDA request includes the Forest Service, which is in the Interior appropriations jurisdiction. The request for FDA is in the Appendix for the Department of Health and Human Services, and CFTC is with Other Independent Agencies. 3 USDA, FY2016 USDA Budget Summary, at http://www.obpa.usda.gov/budsum/fy16budsum.pdf. 4 USDA, FY2016 USDA Budget Explanatory Notes, at http://www.obpa.usda.gov/fy16explan_notes.html. 5 Because jurisdiction for CFTC appropriations is different across House and Senate appropriations subcommittees, the enacted FY2015 CFTC appropriation was in the Financial Services and General Government appropriation. Thus, the enacted FY2015 Agriculture appropriation was based on Senate jurisdiction ($20.575 billion) and needs to be increased by the amount of the CFTC appropriation ($250 million) to be comparable for House jurisdiction ($20.825 billion). 6 The draft bill is available from the House Agriculture appropriations subcommittee at http://appropriations.house.gov/ UploadedFiles/BILLS-114HR-SC-AP-FY2016-Agriculture-SubcommitteeDraft.pdf. 7 Draft report language is available from the committee at http://appropriations.house.gov/uploadedfiles/hrpt-114-hrfy2016-agriculture.pdf. 8 See CRS Report R42388, The Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction, for context on procedures. Congressional Research Service 6 Table 2. Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations, by Agency, FY2012-FY2016 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 Change from FY2015... to Senate Bill Senate Compared with House -9.1 -2.3 +6.7 1,136.8 -10.2 -40.8 -30.6 1,284.5 1,293.7 -5.0 +4.2 +9.2 180.3 161.2 168.1 -11.2 -4.3 +6.9 85.4 86.0 78.1 85.4 -7.3 +0.0 +7.3 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 -0.0 +0.0 +0.0 761.4 824.9 874.5 859.0 874.1 879.6 -0.4 +5.1 +5.5 75.7 81.3 82.4 84.4 82.0 82.4 -0.4 +0.0 +0.4 1,049.6 1,107.0 1,284.0 1,425.0 1,425.0 1,425.0 +141.0 +141.0 +0.0 37.3 40.3 43.0 44.1 43.0 43.0 +0.0 +0.0 +0.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 -0.0 +0.0 +0.0 977.3 1,010.7 1,016.5 1,011.6 1,011.6 1,013.6 -4.9 -2.9 +2.1 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 -0.0 +0.0 +0.0 Farm Service Agencyb 1,503.9 1,592.2 1,603.3 1,579.1 1,576.9 1,574.8 -26.3 -28.5 -2.2 FSA Farm Loans: Loan Authorityc 4,575.7 5,527.3 6,402.1 6,402.1 6,402.1 6,402.1 +0.0 +0.0 +0.0 69.1 71.5 74.8 76.9 74.0 74.8 -0.8 +0.0 +0.8 P.L. 1136 post- House P.L. 11376 P.L. 113235 531.3 526.1 364.5 456.1 355.4 362.1 Agricultural Research Service 1,016.9 1,122.5 1,177.6 1,397.4 1,167.5 National Institute of Food & Agriculture 1,142.0 1,277.1 1,289.5 1,503.1 166.6 161.2 172.4 71.4 78.1 0.8 Agency or Major Program sequ.a Admin. Request H.R. 3049 Senate S. 1800 to House Bill Title I: Agricultural Programs Departmental Administration Research, Education and Economics National Agricultural Statistics Service Economic Research Service Under Secretary, Research, Education, Econ. Marketing and Regulatory Programs Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service Agricultural Marketing Service Section 32 (M) Grain Inspection, Packers & Stockyards Under Secretary, Marketing and Regulatory Food Safety Food Safety & Inspection Service Under Secretary, Food Safety Farm and Commodity Programs Risk Management Agency Salaries & Exp. CRS-7 FY2013 Agency or Major Program Federal Crop Insurance Corporation (M)d Commodity Credit Corporation (M)d Under Secretary, Farm and Foreign Agr. P.L. 1136 post- FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 Change from FY2015... to Senate Bill Senate Compared with House -755.3 -755.3 +0.0 10,519.9 -2,924.8 -2,924.8 +0.0 0.9 0.9 -0.0 +0.0 +0.0 20,120.7 20,120.7 20,120.7 -3,539.1 -3,539.1 +0.0 6,786.9 7,281.1 6,711.2 6,717.5 -75.7 -69.4 +6.3 29,938.1 30,446.6 27,401.7 26,831.9 26,838.2 -3,614.7 -3,608.4 +6.3 812.9 846.4 831.2 832.9 855.2 -13.5 +8.8 +22.3 +0.0 +0.0 +0.0 House H.R. 3049 P.L. 11376 P.L. 113235 9,514.5 9,502.9 8,930.5 8,175.2 8,175.2 8,175.2 11,018.5 12,538.9 13,444.7 10,519.9 10,519.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 21,582.7 23,149.1 23,659.7 6,356.2 6,789.0 27,938.8 766.8 sequ.a Admin. Request Senate S. 1800 to House Bill Subtotal Mandatory (M) Discretionary Subtotal Title II: Conservation Programs Conservation Operations Watershed & Flood Prevention Watershed Rehabilitation Program 200.0 13.6 12.0 12.0 0.0 6.0 0.0 -6.0 -12.0 -6.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 -0.0 +0.0 +0.0 781.2 825.8 859.3 1,032.1 839.8 856.1 -19.5 -3.2 +16.3 613.0 657.4 678.2 685.6 679.2 682.7 +1.0 +4.5 +3.5 1,031.1 1,279.6 1,298.4 1,394.7 1,367.0 1,367.2 +68.6 +68.8 +0.2 27,335.1 27,408.1 27,421.5 27,407.4 27,421.8 27,483.0 +0.3 +61.5 +61.3 Rural Business-Cooperative Servicef 114.2 130.2 103.2 138.7 87.0 91.5 -16.2 -11.8 +4.4 RBCS Loan Authorityc 953.7 1,022.8 984.5 993.6 984.5 994.2 +0.0 +9.8 +9.8 Rural Utilities Service 520.8 501.6 501.7 538.4 509.7 533.7 +8.0 +32.0 +24.0 8,849.4 7,514.5 7,464.1 7,934.2 7,464.1 8,710.6 +0.0 +1,246.5 +1,246.5 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 -0.0 +0.0 +0.0 Under Secretary, Natural Resources Subtotal Title III: Rural Development Salaries and Expenses (including transfers)e Rural Housing Service RHS Loan Authorityc RUS Loan Authorityc Under Secretary, Rural Development CRS-8 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 Change from FY2015... to Senate Bill Senate Compared with House +61.4 +93.5 +32.1 37,187.8 +0.3 +1,317.8 +1,317.5 21,507.43 21,524.4 +207.3 +224.2 +17.0 6,623.0 6,484.0 6,513.0 -139.0 -110.0 +29.0 81,837.6 83,693.1 81,653.2 81,662.1 -184.4 -175.5 +8.9 269.7 278.5 288.3 288.3 288.3 +9.8 +9.8 +0.0 132.7 141.3 150.8 155.6 141.3 151.8 -9.5 +1.0 +10.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 -0.0 +0.0 +0.0 97,171.9 101,432.9 103,096.7 105,146.4 103,128.6 103,145.0 +31.9 +48.3 +16.4 6,926.1 7,152.7 7,094.1 7,201.6 6,946.5 6,995.4 -147.7 -98.7 +48.9 104,098.0 108,585.6 110,190.9 112,348.0 110,075.1 110,140.4 -115.8 -50.5 +65.3 163.1 177.9 181.4 191.6 184.4 187.2 +3.0 +5.8 +2.8 1,362.0 1,468.7 1,468.5 1,402.5 1,419.5 1,468.5 -49.0 +0.0 +49.0 +0.0 +0.0 +0.0 P.L. 1136 post- House H.R. 3049 P.L. 11376 P.L. 113235 2,279.9 2,569.7 2,582.4 2,758.4 2,643.9 2,675.9 37,138.2 35,945.4 35,870.1 36,335.2 35,870.3 19,913.2 19,288.0 21,300.2 21,587.3 6,522.2 6,715.8 6,623.0 77,285.4 82,169.9 Commodity Assistance Programs 243.7 Nutrition Programs Administration Agency or Major Program Subtotal Subtotal, RD Loan Authorityc sequ.a Admin. Request Senate S. 1800 to House Bill Title IV: Domestic Food Programs Child Nutrition Programs (M) WIC Program SNAP, Food & Nutrition Act Programs (M) Office of Under Secretary Subtotal Mandatory (M) Discretionary Subtotal Title V: Foreign Assistance Foreign Agricultural Service Public Law 480 and admin. expenses Local and regional food procurement McGovern-Dole Food for Education CCC Export Loan Salaries Subtotal Title VI: Related Agencies CRS-9 20.0 174.5 185.1 191.6 191.6 191.6 201.6 +0.0 +10.0 +10.0 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 +0.0 +0.0 +0.0 1,705.9 1,838.5 1,848.3 1,812.5 1,802.3 1,864.1 -46.0 +15.8 +61.8 FY2013 Agency or Major Program P.L. 1136 postsequ.a FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 Change from FY2015... to Senate Bill Senate Compared with House House P.L. 11376 P.L. 113235 Admin. Request H.R. 3049 Senate S. 1800 to House Bill Food and Drug Administration 2,386.0 2,560.7 2,597.3 2,743.5 2,627.3 2,637.8 +30.0 +40.4 +10.4 Commodity Futures Trading Commissiong [194.0] 215.0 [250.0] 322.0 245.0 na -5.0 na na 2,386.0 2,775.7 2,597.3 3,065.5 2,872.3 2,637.8 +275.0 +40.4 -234.6 -893.0 -953.7 -785.0 -1,016.0 -798.0 -875.0 -13.0 -90.0 -77.0 Rescissions -25.3 -33.3 -17.0 -20.0 -34.0 -33.0 -17.0 -16.0 +1.0 Other appropriations 132.5 106.6 122.6 0.0 2.0 6.6 -120.6 -116.0 +4.6 -785.9 -880.4 -679.4 -1,036.0 -830.0 -901.4 -150.6 -222.0 -71.4 +116.0 +116.0 +0.0 Subtotal Title VII: General Provisions Changes in Mandatory Program Spending Subtotal Scorekeeping Adjustmentsh Disaster declaration in this bill Other scorekeeping adjustments -116.0 -129.0 -191.0 -398.0 -331.0 -336.0 -344.0 +62.0 +54.0 -8.0 -129.0 -191.0 -514.0 -331.0 -336.0 -344.0 +178.0 +170.0 -8.0 Discretionary: Senate basis w/o CFTC 19,520.4 [20,665.0] 20,575.0 21,462.2 [20,405.0] 20,501.4 -170.0 -73.6 +96.4 Discretionary: House basis w/ CFTC [19,714.4] 20,880.0 [20,825.0] 21,784.2 20,650.0 na -175.0 na na Mandatory (M) 118,754.6 124,582.0 126,756.5 125,267.1 123,249.3 123,265.7 -3,507.2 -3,490.8 +16.4 Total: House basis w/ CFTC 138,469.0 145,462.0 147,581.5 147,051.3 143,899.3 144,017.1 -3,682.2 -3,564.4 +117.8 Subtotal Totals Source: CRS, using appropriations committee tables and unpublished CBO tables. Notes: Amounts are budget authority in millions of dollars and are in nominal dollars. Amounts do not include supplemental appropriations outside the annual appropriation. Amounts are discretionary authority unless labeled otherwise; (M) indicates that the account is mandatory authority (or primarily mandatory authority). [Bracketed amounts] are not in the official totals due to differing House-Senate jurisdiction for CFTC but are shown for comparison. a. CRS-10 Amounts for FY2013 are at the post-sequestration level from the USDA FY2013 Operating Plan, at http://www.dm.usda.gov/foia/docs/USDA_Operating_Plan.pdf. b. . b. Includes regular FSA salaries and expenses, plus transfers for farm loan program salaries and administrative expenses. Also includes farm loan program loan subsidy, State Mediation Grants, Dairy Indemnity Program (mandatory funding), and Grassroots Source Water Protection Program. Does not include appropriations to the Foreign Agricultural Service for export loans and P.L. 480 administration that are transferred to FSA. c. c. Loan authority is the amount of loans that can be made or guaranteed with a loan subsidy; it is not added in the budget authority subtotals or totals. d. Commodity Credit Corporation and Federal Crop Insurance Corporation each receive an indefinite appropriation (“such sums as necessary”). Estimates for appropriations may not reflect actual outlays. e. d. Includes Rural Development salaries and expenses, and transfers from the three rural development agencies for salaries and expenses. Amounts for the agencies thus reflect program funds for loans and grants. f. e. Amounts for the Rural Business-Cooperative Service are before the rescission from the Cushion of Credit account, unlike in Appropriations committee tables. The rescission is included with the changes in mandatory program spending (CHIMPS), as classified by CBO, which allows the RBCS subtotal to remain positive. g. f. Commodity Credit Corporation and Federal Crop Insurance Corporation each receive an indefinite appropriation ("such sums as necessary"). Estimates for appropriations may not reflect actual outlays. g. In addition to the FY2016 appropriation for Food for Peace Title II grants in Title V ($1.466 billion), an extra $250 million was appropriated under General Provisions. The combined total for Food for Peace Title II grants is therefore $1.716 billion, and the effective Title V total is $2.118 billion for FY2016. h. Jurisdiction for CFTC is in the House agriculture appropriations subcommittee and the Senate financial services appropriations subcommittee. After FY2008, CFTC is carried in enacted Agriculture appropriations in even-numbered fiscal years, always in House Agriculture markup and never in Senate Agriculture markup. [Bracketed amounts] are not in the official totals due to differing House-Senate jurisdiction for CFTC but are shown for comparison. Amounts for CFTC in the Senate are not yet available for comparison because the FY2016 Senate Financial Services bill has not been reported. h. “ (e.g., to S. 1910 in FY2016). i. "Scorekeeping adjustments”" are not necessarily appropriated items and may not be shown in appropriations committee tables, but are part of the official CBO score (accounting) of the bill. They predominantly include “"negative subsidies” in loan program accounts and adjustments for disaster designations in the bill. CRS-11 FY2016 Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations: In Brief Table 3. Congressional Action on Agriculture Appropriations Since FY1995 House Action Senate Action Final Appropriation Fiscal Year Subcom. Comm. Chamber Subcom. Comm. Chamber 1995 5/26/1994 6/9/1994 6/17/1994 6/22/1994 6/23/1994 7/20/1994 9/30/1994 E P.L. 103330 IB94011 1996 6/14/1995 6/27/1995 7/21/1995 9/13/1995 9/14/1995 9/20/1995 10/21/1995 E P.L. 10437 95-624 1997 5/30/1996 6/6/1996 6/12/1996 7/10/1996 7/11/1996 7/24/1996 8/6/1996 E P.L. 104180 IB96015 1998 6/25/1997 7/14/1997 7/24/1997 7/15/1997 7/17/1997 7/24/1997 11/18/1997 E P.L. 10586 97-201 1999 6/10/1998 6/16/1998 6/24/1998 6/9/1998 6/11/1998 7/16/1998 10/21/1998 O P.L. 105277 98-201 2000 5/13/1999 5/24/1999 6/8/1999 6/15/1999 6/17/1999 8/4/1999 10/22/1999 E P.L. 10678 RL30201 2001 5/4/2000 5/16/2000 7/11/2000 5/4/2000 5/10/2000 7/20/2000 10/28/2000 E P.L. 106387 RL30501 2002 6/6/2001 6/27/2001 7/11/2001 Polled outb 7/18/2001 10/25/2001 11/28/2001 E P.L. 10776 RL31001 2003 6/26/2002 7/26/2002 — 7/23/2002 7/25/2002 — 2/20/2003 O P.L. 108-7 RL31301 2004 6/17/2003 7/9/2003 7/14/2003 7/17/2003 11/6/2003 11/6/2003 1/23/2004 O P.L. 108199 RL31801 2005 6/14/2004 7/7/2004 7/13/2004 9/8/2004 9/14/2004 — 12/8/2004 O P.L. 108447 RL32301 2006 5/16/2005 6/2/2005 6/8/2005 6/21/2005 6/27/2005 9/22/2005 11/10/2005 E P.L. 10997 RL32904 2007 5/3/2006 5/9/2006 5/23/2006 6/20/2006 6/22/2006 — 2/15/2007 Y P.L. 110-5 RL33412 2008 7/12/2007 7/19/2007 8/2/2007 7/17/2007 7/19/2007 — 12/26/2007 O P.L. 110161 RL34132 2009 6/19/2008 — — Polled out 7/17/2008 — 3/11/2009 O P.L. 111-8 R40000 2010 6/11/2009 6/18/2009 7/9/2009 Polled out 7/7/2009 8/4/2009 10/21/2009 E P.L. 11180 R40721 2011 6/30/2010 — — Polled out 7/15/2010 — 4/15/2011 Y P.L. 11210 R41475 2012 5/24/2011 5/31/2011 6/16/2011 Polled out 9/7/2011 11/1/2011 11/18/2011 O P.L. 11255 R41964 Congressional Research Service Enacteda Public Law 12 CRS Report FY2016 Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations: In Brief House Action Senate Action Final Appropriation Fiscal Year Subcom. Comm. Chamber Subcom. Comm. Chamber 2013 6/6/2012 6/19/2012 — Polled out 4/26/2012 — 3/26/2013 O P.L. 113-6 R43110 2014 6/5/2013 6/13/2013 — 6/18/2013 6/20/2013 — 1/17/2014 O P.L. 11376 R43110 2015 5/20/2014 5/29/2013 — 5/20/2014 5/22/2014 — 12/16/2014 O P.L. 113235 R43669 2016 6/18/2015 7/8/2015 — 7/14/2015 7/16/2015 — Enacteda Public Law R43938 Source: CRS. a. E=Enacted as stand-alone appropriation; O=Omnibus appropriation; Y=Year-long continuing resolution. b. A procedure that permits a bill to advance if subcommittee members independently agree to move it along. Author Contact Information Jim Monke Specialist in Agricultural Policy jmonke@crs.loc.gov, 7-9664 Key Policy Staff Area of Expertise Name Phone Email Agricultural appropriations generally Jim Monke 7-9664 jmonke@crs.loc.gov Agricultural research Jim Monke 7-9664 jmonke@crs.loc.gov Agricultural Marketing Service Joel L. Greene 7-9877 jgreene@crs.loc.gov Agricultural trade Mark A. McMinimy 7-2172 mmcminimy@crs.loc.gov Animal and Plant Health Inspection Tadlock Cowan 7-7600 tcowan@crs.loc.gov Commodity Futures Trading Commission Rena Miller 7-0826 rsmiller@crs.loc.gov Conservation Megan Stubbs 7-8707 mstubbs@crs.loc.gov Crop insurance and farm safety net Dennis A. Shields 7-9051 dshields@crs.loc.gov Domestic food assistance Randy Alison Aussenberg 7-8641 raussenberg@crs.loc.gov Farm Service Agency Jim Monke 7-9664 jmonke@crs.loc.gov Food and Drug Administration Susan Thaul 7-0562 sthaul@crs.loc.gov Food safety, generally Renée Johnson 7-9588 rjohnson@crs.loc.gov Food safety, meat and poultry inspection Joel L. Greene 7-9877 jgreene@crs.loc.gov Foreign food aid Randy Schnepf 7-4277 rschnepf@crs.loc.gov Congressional Research Service CRS Report 13 FY2016 Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations: In Brief Area of Expertise Name Phone Email Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Admin. Joel L. Greene 7-9877 jgreene@crs.loc.gov Rural development Tadlock Cowan 7-7600 tcowan@crs.loc.gov Section 32 Dennis A. Shields 7-9051 dshields@crs.loc.gov Congressional Research Service 14 " in loan program accounts and adjustments for disaster designations in the bill. Table 3. Congressional Action on Agriculture Appropriations Since FY1995  

House Action

Senate Action

Final Appropriation

 

Fiscal Year

Subcmte.

Cmte.

Floor

Subcmte.

Cmte.

Floor

Enacteda

Public Law

CRS Report

1995

5/26/1994

6/9/1994

6/17/1994

6/22/1994

6/23/1994

7/20/1994

9/30/1994

E

P.L. 103-330

IB94011

1996

6/14/1995

6/27/1995

7/21/1995

9/13/1995

9/14/1995

9/20/1995

10/21/1995

E

P.L. 104-37

95-624

1997

5/30/1996

6/6/1996

6/12/1996

7/10/1996

7/11/1996

7/24/1996

8/6/1996

E

P.L. 104-180

IB96015

1998

6/25/1997

7/14/1997

7/24/1997

7/15/1997

7/17/1997

7/24/1997

11/18/1997

E

P.L. 105-86

97-201

1999

6/10/1998

6/16/1998

6/24/1998

6/9/1998

6/11/1998

7/16/1998

10/21/1998

O

P.L. 105-277

98-201

2000

5/13/1999

5/24/1999

6/8/1999

6/15/1999

6/17/1999

8/4/1999

10/22/1999

E

P.L. 106-78

RL30201

2001

5/4/2000

5/16/2000

7/11/2000

5/4/2000

5/10/2000

7/20/2000

10/28/2000

E

P.L. 106-387

RL30501

2002

6/6/2001

6/27/2001

7/11/2001

Polled outb

7/18/2001

10/25/2001

11/28/2001

E

P.L. 107-76

RL31001

2003

6/26/2002

7/26/2002

—

7/23/2002

7/25/2002

—

2/20/2003

O

P.L. 108-7

RL31301

2004

6/17/2003

7/9/2003

7/14/2003

7/17/2003

11/6/2003

11/6/2003

1/23/2004

O

P.L. 108-199

RL31801

2005

6/14/2004

7/7/2004

7/13/2004

9/8/2004

9/14/2004

—

12/8/2004

O

P.L. 108-447

RL32301

2006

5/16/2005

6/2/2005

6/8/2005

6/21/2005

6/27/2005

9/22/2005

11/10/2005

E

P.L. 109-97

RL32904

2007

5/3/2006

5/9/2006

5/23/2006

6/20/2006

6/22/2006

—

2/15/2007

Y

P.L. 110-5

RL33412

2008

7/12/2007

7/19/2007

8/2/2007

7/17/2007

7/19/2007

—

12/26/2007

O

P.L. 110-161

RL34132

2009

6/19/2008

—

—

Polled out

7/17/2008

—

3/11/2009

O

P.L. 111-8

R40000

2010

6/11/2009

6/18/2009

7/9/2009

Polled out

7/7/2009

8/4/2009

10/21/2009

E

P.L. 111-80

R40721

2011

6/30/2010

—

—

Polled out

7/15/2010

—

4/15/2011

Y

P.L. 112-10

R41475

2012

5/24/2011

5/31/2011

6/16/2011

Polled out

9/7/2011

11/1/2011

11/18/2011

O

P.L. 112-55

R41964

2013

6/6/2012

6/19/2012

—

Polled out

4/26/2012

—

3/26/2013

O

P.L. 113-6

R43110

2014

6/5/2013

6/13/2013

—

6/18/2013

6/20/2013

—

1/17/2014

O

P.L. 113-76

R43110

2015

5/20/2014

5/29/2014

—

5/20/2014

5/22/2014

—

12/16/2014

O

P.L. 113-235

R43669

2016

6/18/2015

7/8/2015

—

7/14/2015

7/16/2015

—

12/18/2015

O

P.L. 114-113

R44240

Source: CRS.

a. E = Enacted as stand-alone appropriation (9 times over 22 years); O = Omnibus appropriation (11 times); Y = Year-long continuing resolution (2 times). b. A procedure that permits a Senate subcommittee to transmit a bill to its full committee without a formal markup session. See CRS Report RS22952, Proxy Voting and Polling in Senate Committee.

Author Contact Information

[author name scrubbed], Specialist in Agricultural Policy ([email address scrubbed], [phone number scrubbed])

Key Policy Staff

Area of Expertise

Name

Phone

Email

Agricultural appropriations generally

[author name scrubbed]

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Agricultural research

[author name scrubbed]

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Agricultural Marketing Service

[author name scrubbed]

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Agricultural trade

[author name scrubbed]

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Animal and Plant Health Inspection

[author name scrubbed]

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Commodity Futures Trading Commission

Rena Miller

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Conservation

[author name scrubbed]

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Dietary guidelines

[author name scrubbed]

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Disaster programs

[author name scrubbed]

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Domestic food assistance

[author name scrubbed]

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Farm Service Agency, CCC

[author name scrubbed]

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Food and Drug Administration

[author name scrubbed]

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Food Safety Modernization Act / FDA

[author name scrubbed]

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Food safety: FSIS / meat and poultry inspection

[author name scrubbed]

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Foreign food aid

[author name scrubbed]

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Admin.

[author name scrubbed]

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Rural development

[author name scrubbed]

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Footnotes

1.

See, CRS Report R42388, The Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction, for context on procedures.
2.

The FY2015 Agriculture appropriation ($20.575 billion) was based on Senate jurisdiction for CFTC and needs to be increased by the CFTC appropriation ($250 million) to be comparable for House jurisdiction ($20.825 billion).
3.

Office of Management and Budget (OMB), FY2016 Budget of the U.S. Government, at http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget. Details are in the Appendix, at http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/Appendix. The request for FDA is in the Appendix for the Department of Health and Human Services, and CFTC is with Other Independent Agencies.
4.

USDA, FY2016 USDA Budget Summary, at http://www.obpa.usda.gov/budsum/fy16budsum.pdf.
5.

USDA, FY2016 USDA Budget Explanatory Notes, at http://www.obpa.usda.gov/fy16explan_notes.html.
6.

Jurisdiction for CFTC appropriations differs between the chambers. Since FY2008, CFTC is marked up in the House Agriculture Appropriations subcommittee and in the Senate Financial Services and General Government subcommittee. The enacted appropriation is carried in Agriculture appropriations in even-numbered fiscal years, and in Financial Services appropriations in odd-numbered fiscal years.