Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation and Committees Handling Nominations

Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation and Committees Handling Nominations Christopher M. Davis Analyst on Congress and the Legislative Process Jerry W. Mansfield Information Research Specialist November 15, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL30959 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Summary As part of the process of making an appointment to an advice and consent position, the President usually submits a nomination to the Senate. The Senate’s executive clerk, acting on behalf of the Senate’s presiding officer, refers the nomination to the appropriate committee or committees on the day it is received. When making a referral, the executive clerk is guided by Senate Rule XXV, which establishes the subject matter under the purview of each committee and directs that “all proposed legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating primarily to [those] subjects” be referred to that committee. The executive clerk is also guided by precedents set by prior referrals and by standing orders and unanimous consent (UC) agreements adopted by the Senate pertaining to the referral of nominations. Most nominations are referred to one committee. For some positions, a nomination or series of nominations to a position are referred to more than one committee, pursuant to a standing order, a UC agreement, or a statutory provision. A nomination may be jointly or sequentially referred to multiple committees. Joint referral has generally occurred when more than one committee has had a claim to jurisdiction over the subject matter related to the position. Under joint referral, the committees receive the nomination simultaneously and may consider it concurrently. All committees to which a nomination is referred must report it to the full Senate or be discharged from its further consideration before it may be considered on the floor. Sequential referral has generally occurred when one committee has had predominant jurisdiction over the subject matter related to the position, but other committees have had a claim as well. Under this process, a nomination is referred to the committee with predominant jurisdiction first and is then sequentially referred to additional committees. Consideration of subsequent referrals can be subject to a time limit after which the committee or committees without primary jurisdiction are automatically discharged from further consideration of the nomination. Certain nominations or categories of nominations are subject to a potentially more expedited Senate consideration pursuant to a standing order adopted in the 112th Congress. This report identifies, by Senate committee, presidentially appointed positions requiring Senate Handling Nominations

November 25, 2013 (RL30959)

Contents

• Introduction
• Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
• Senate Committee on Armed Services
• Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
• Senate Committee on the Budget
• Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
• Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
• Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works
• Senate Committee on Finance
• Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
• Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions
• Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
• Senate Committee on Indian Affairs
• Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
• Senate Committee on the Judiciary
• Senate Committee on Rules and Administration
• Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship
• Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs

Tables

• Table A-1. Positions That No Longer Require Senate Confirmation Per P.L. 112-166

Appendixes

• Appendix. Presidential Appointee Positions That No Longer Require Senate Confirmation Per P.L. 112-166, the Presidential Appointment Efficiency and Streamlining Act of 2011

Summary

As part of the process of making an appointment to an advice and consent position, the President usually submits a nomination to the Senate. The Senate's executive clerk, acting on behalf of the Senate's presiding officer, refers the nomination to the appropriate committee or committees on the day it is received. When making a referral, the executive clerk is guided by Senate Rule XXV, which establishes the subject matter under the purview of each committee and directs that "all proposed legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating primarily to [those] subjects" be referred to that committee. The executive clerk is also guided by precedents set by prior referrals and by standing orders and unanimous consent (UC) agreements adopted by the Senate pertaining to the referral of nominations.

Most nominations are referred to one committee. For some positions, a nomination or series of nominations to a position are referred to more than one committee, pursuant to a standing order, a UC agreement, or a statutory provision. A nomination may be jointly or sequentially referred to multiple committees. Joint referral has generally occurred when more than one committee has had a claim to jurisdiction over the subject matter related to the position. Under joint referral, the committees receive the nomination simultaneously and may consider it concurrently. All committees to which a nomination is referred must report it to the full Senate or be discharged from its further consideration before it may be considered on the floor. Sequential referral has generally occurred when one committee has had predominant jurisdiction over the subject matter related to the position, but other committees have had a claim as well. Under this process, a nomination is referred to the committee with predominant jurisdiction first and is then sequentially referred to additional committees. Consideration of subsequent referrals can be subject to a time limit after which the committee or committees without primary jurisdiction are automatically discharged from further consideration of the nomination. Certain nominations or categories of nominations are subject to a potentially more expedited Senate consideration pursuant to a standing order adopted in the 112^th Congress.

This report identifies, by Senate committee, presidentially appointed positions requiring Senate confirmation based on referrals as of the date of passage of S. 679, which became P.L. 112-166 on August 10, 2012. This public law removed numerous presidentially appointed positions from the advice and consent process for relevant U.S. Senate committees. A complete list of the presidentially appointed positions that no longer require Senate confirmation may be found in the Appendix Appendix of this report. For each committee list, positions are categorized as full- or part-time and then grouped by department or agency. Where nominations have been referred to more than one committee, the organizations and titles are noted under each of the committees to which the nominations were referred. The lists also include the lengths of fixed terms, where applicable. Some commissions, councils, and other multi-member entities are required, by their enabling statutes, to maintain political balance in some way. This is noted in parentheses where applicable. The information provided in this report was compiled from the Senate nominations database of the Legislative Information System available to the congressional community at http://www.congress.gov/nomis (the public database is http://thomas.loc.gov/home/nomis.html), ), data on departmental and agency websites, telephone conversations with agency officials, and the United States Code. For related information, see CRS Report RL31980, Senate Consideration of Presidential Nominations: Committee and Floor Procedure, by [author name scrubbed].

Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation and Committees Handling Nominations

Introduction

Under the Constitution, the President and the Senate share the power to appoint the principal officers of the United States. Almost all of the highest-level political appointee positions in the federal government are filled by these officers.¹ Three distinct stages mark the appointment process—selection and nomination by the President, consideration of the nomination by the Senate, and, if the nominee is confirmed, official appointment by the President.² During the confirmation process in the Senate, a nomination is first referred to one or more committees. If the committee or committees report the nomination to the full Senate, or are discharged from further consideration of the nomination, it is placed on the Senate's Executive Calendar and may be called up for floor consideration.³ The following pages briefly describe the referral process and identify, for each committee to which referrals have been made, the positions that fall within the committee's jurisdiction.

Referral of Nominations to Senate Committees⁴

As part of the process of making an appointment to an advice and consent position, the President usually submits a nomination to the Senate. The Senate's executive clerk, acting on behalf of the Senate's presiding officer, refers the nomination to the appropriate committee or committees on the day it is received.⁵ When making a referral, the executive clerk is guided by Senate Rule XXV, which establishes the subject matters under the purview of each committee and directs that "all proposed legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating primarily to [those] subjects" be referred to that committee. The executive clerk is also guided by precedents set by prior referrals and by standing orders and unanimous consent (UC) agreements pertaining to referral of nominations.

Most nominations are sent to a single committee. Occasionally, the Senate has agreed, by UC, standing order, or statute, to refer one or more nominations to more than one committee. Some UC agreements provided for such a multiple referral only in the case of a specific nomination, while other UC agreements applied to all future nominations to a particular position.

Nominations that are referred to more than one committee may be referred jointly or sequentially. If a nomination is referred jointly, the committees receive it simultaneously and may consider it concurrently. All committees to which a nomination is referred must report it to the full Senate or be discharged from its further consideration before it may be considered on the floor. In the case of a sequential referral, the nomination is referred first to the committee of predominant jurisdiction and referred sequentially to other committees as specified by the UC agreement or standing order. UC agreements for sequential referral can stipulate that the nomination must be reported out of the second committee within a specified period of time (usually 20 days), or else that committee will be automatically discharged from further consideration of the nomination.

Joint referral of a nomination has usually occurred when more than one committee appears to have had relatively equal jurisdictional claims. For example, since at least the beginning of the 109^th Congress, nominations to eight positions—two each in the Department of Commerce and the Office of Management and Budget, and one each in the Department of Energy, Department of the Interior, Department of Labor, and Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation—have been referred jointly to two committees.⁶

Sequential referral has been more likely when jurisdictional predominance appeared to favor one committee, but other committees also have had some jurisdictional claim on the nomination. In those instances, the nomination has usually been referred to the committee with predominant jurisdiction, and, after being reported to the full Senate by that committee, it has been referred sequentially to other committees. For example, since at least the beginning of the 109^th Congress, the Senate has agreed, by UC, to refer sequentially nominations to most inspector general (IG) positions,⁷ as well as four other positions—one in the Department of Defense, one in the Department of Justice, and two in the Department of Homeland Security.⁸

In a small number of cases, nominations have been referred to more than one committee on an ad hoc basis by UC. A 2004 nomination for Under Secretary of the Treasury for Enforcement,⁹ for example, was first referred to the Committee on Finance. After the committee had reported the nomination, it was referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, and simultaneously re-referred to the Committee on Finance, pursuant to a UC agreement.¹⁰ A 2006 nomination to be Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research was initially referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. Two days after this referral, the committee was discharged from further consideration of the nomination, and the nomination was referred to the Select Committee on Intelligence, where it remains today, by UC.¹¹ Also in 2006, a nomination to the position of federal coordinator for Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects was initially referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Two weeks later, the Senate agreed, by UC, to discharge this committee from further consideration of the nomination, and to then refer the nomination to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources,¹² where it remains today.

In some instances, different committees have exercised jurisdiction over different positions within the same department or agency. (For details, see the committee presentations that follow.) For example, six committees have jurisdiction over positions in the Department of Commerce, and four committees have jurisdiction over positions in the Department of the Interior. Usually, however, one committee has jurisdiction over most positions in a department or agency.

The appointment provisions for certain executive branch chief financial officers (CFOs) are unusual. The Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990, as amended, covers CFOs in 25 specified departments and agencies. Of these, 17 positions may be filled through appointment by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or through designation by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions.¹³ These CFO positions are identified under the appropriate committees in this report.

112^th Congress Standing Order on Nominations , by Elizabeth Rybicki. Congressional Research Service Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Contents Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 1 Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry ............................................................. 5 Senate Committee on Armed Services............................................................................................. 6 Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs .......................................................... 9 Senate Committee on the Budget................................................................................................... 12 Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation .................................................... 12 Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources ................................................................... 16 Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works .................................................................. 18 Senate Committee on Finance ....................................................................................................... 21 Senate Committee on Foreign Relations ....................................................................................... 24 Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions ..................................................... 29 Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs........................................... 33 Senate Committee on Indian Affairs .............................................................................................. 36 Senate Select Committee on Intelligence ...................................................................................... 37 Senate Committee on the Judiciary ............................................................................................... 38 Senate Committee on Rules and Administration ........................................................................... 41 Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship ........................................................ 41 Senate Committee on Veterans’ Affairs ......................................................................................... 42 Tables Table A-1. Positions That No Longer Require Senate Confirmation Per P.L. 112-166 ................ 43 Appendixes Appendix. Presidential Appointee Positions That No Longer Require Senate Confirmation Per P.L. 112-166, the Presidential Appointment Efficiency and Streamlining Act of 2011 ............................................................................................................ 43 Contacts Author Contact Information........................................................................................................... 45 Acknowledgment ........................................................................................................................... 45 Congressional Research Service Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Introduction Under the Constitution, the President and the Senate share the power to appoint the principal officers of the United States. Almost all of the highest-level political appointee positions in the federal government are filled by these officers.1 Three distinct stages mark the appointment process—selection and nomination by the President, consideration of the nomination by the Senate, and, if the nominee is confirmed, official appointment by the President.2 During the confirmation process in the Senate, a nomination is first referred to one or more committees. If the committee or committees report the nomination to the full Senate, or are discharged from further consideration of the nomination, it is placed on the Senate’s Executive Calendar and may be called up for floor consideration.3 The following pages briefly describe the referral process and identify, for each committee to which referrals have been made, the positions that fall within the committee’s jurisdiction. Referral of Nominations to Senate Committees4 As part of the process of making an appointment to an advice and consent position, the President usually submits a nomination to the Senate. The Senate’s executive clerk, acting on behalf of the Senate’s presiding officer, refers the nomination to the appropriate committee or committees on the day it is received.5 When making a referral, the executive clerk is guided by Senate Rule XXV, which establishes the subject matters under the purview of each committee and directs that “all proposed legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating primarily to [those] subjects” be referred to that committee. The executive clerk is also guided by precedents set by prior referrals and by standing orders and unanimous consent (UC) agreements pertaining to referral of nominations. Most nominations are sent to a single committee. Occasionally, the Senate has agreed, by UC, standing order, or statute, to refer one or more nominations to more than one committee. Some UC agreements provided for such a multiple referral only in the case of a specific nomination, while other UC agreements applied to all future nominations to a particular position. Nominations that are referred to more than one committee may be referred jointly or sequentially. If a nomination is referred jointly, the committees receive it simultaneously and may consider it concurrently. All committees to which a nomination is referred must report it to the full Senate or be discharged from its further consideration before it may be considered on the floor. In the case 1 Positions in the White House Office to which the President makes appointments without the need for Senate confirmation are exceptions. 2 In the final, official appointment stage, a confirmed nominee is given a commission signed by the President, with the seal of the United States affixed thereto, and is sworn into office. 3 For more information on the Senate confirmation process, see CRS Report RL31980, Senate Consideration of Presidential Nominations: Committee and Floor Procedure, by Elizabeth Rybicki. 4 For a general discussion of Senate committee referrals, see CRS Report 98-242, Committee Jurisdiction and Referral in the Senate, by Judy Schneider. 5 As discussed below under the heading, “112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations,” pursuant to a standing order adopted in the 112th Congress (2011-2012), certain specific nominations and categories of nominations are not referred to committee when received, but are subject to a potentially more expedited process of Senate consideration. Congressional Research Service 1 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation of a sequential referral, the nomination is referred first to the committee of predominant jurisdiction and referred sequentially to other committees as specified by the UC agreement or standing order. UC agreements for sequential referral can stipulate that the nomination must be reported out of the second committee within a specified period of time (usually 20 days), or else that committee will be automatically discharged from further consideration of the nomination. Joint referral of a nomination has usually occurred when more than one committee appears to have had relatively equal jurisdictional claims. For example, since at least the beginning of the 109th Congress, nominations to eight positions—two each in the Department of Commerce and the Office of Management and Budget, and one each in the Department of Energy, Department of the Interior, Department of Labor, and Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation—have been referred jointly to two committees.6 Sequential referral has been more likely when jurisdictional predominance appeared to favor one committee, but other committees also have had some jurisdictional claim on the nomination. In those instances, the nomination has usually been referred to the committee with predominant jurisdiction, and, after being reported to the full Senate by that committee, it has been referred sequentially to other committees. For example, since at least the beginning of the 109th Congress, the Senate has agreed, by UC, to refer sequentially nominations to most inspector general (IG) positions,7 as well as four other positions—one in the Department of Defense, one in the Department of Justice, and two in the Department of Homeland Security.8 In a small number of cases, nominations have been referred to more than one committee on an ad hoc basis by UC. A 2004 nomination for Under Secretary of the Treasury for Enforcement,9 for example, was first referred to the Committee on Finance. After the committee had reported the nomination, it was referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, and simultaneously re-referred to the Committee on Finance, pursuant to a UC agreement.10 A 2006 6 The positions are Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade; Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Trade Promotion/Director General of the U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service; Director of the Office of Management and Budget; Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget; Assistant Secretary of Energy for Environmental Management; Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; Assistant Secretary of Labor for Veterans’ Employment and Training Service; and Director of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. 7 On January 9, 2007, the Senate agreed, by unanimous consent, “that nominations to the Office of Inspector General, except the Office of Inspector General of the Central Intelligence Agency, be referred in each case to the committee having primary jurisdiction over the department, agency or entity, and if and when reported in each case, then to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs for not to exceed 20 calendar days, except that in cases when the 20-day period expires while the Senate is in recess, the committee shall have an additional 5 calendar days after the Senate reconvenes to report the nomination and that if the nomination is not reported after the expiration of that period, the nomination be automatically discharged and placed on the executive calendar.” Sen. Harry Reid, “Executive Nominations,” remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 153, part I, January 9, 2007, p. 487. 8 These sequentially referred nominations include those to be the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works, which was referred to the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Environment and Public Works; the Assistant Attorney General for the National Security Division, which was referred to Committee on the Judiciary and the Select Committee on Intelligence; the Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, which was referred, in two cases, to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and the Committee on the Judiciary; and the Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security for the Transportation Security Administration, which was referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. 9 This position is currently known in the Department of Treasury as Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence. 10 Sen. Bill Frist, “Referral of Nominations,” remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 150, part 11, July 8, 2004, p. 14904. Congressional Research Service 2 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation nomination to be Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research was initially referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. Two days after this referral, the committee was discharged from further consideration of the nomination, and the nomination was referred to the Select Committee on Intelligence, where it remains today, by UC.11 Also in 2006, a nomination to the position of federal coordinator for Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects was initially referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Two weeks later, the Senate agreed, by UC, to discharge this committee from further consideration of the nomination, and to then refer the nomination to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources,12 where it remains today. In some instances, different committees have exercised jurisdiction over different positions within the same department or agency. (For details, see the committee presentations that follow.) For example, six committees have jurisdiction over positions in the Department of Commerce, and four committees have jurisdiction over positions in the Department of the Interior. Usually, however, one committee has jurisdiction over most positions in a department or agency. The appointment provisions for certain executive branch chief financial officers (CFOs) are unusual. The Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990, as amended, covers CFOs in 25 specified departments and agencies. Of these, 17 positions may be filled through appointment by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or through designation by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions.13 These CFO positions are identified under the appropriate committees in this report. 112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations On June 29, 2011, the Senate adopted S.Res. 116, a resolution establishing special expedited procedures governing Senate consideration of certain presidential nominations.14 14 Under the terms of the resolution, which operates as a standing order of the Senate, 41 specified nominations or categories of nominations are, when received from the President, not referred to a Senate committee, but are instead placed directly on the Senate Executive Calendar under a newly created heading, “"Privileged Nominations – Information Requested.”" A qualifying nomination will remain in this category until the Senate executive clerk receives written certification from the chairman of the committee with jurisdiction over the nomination that the “ "appropriate biographical and financial questionnaires have been received”" from the nominee. Once certified in this way, the nomination in question is transferred by the executive clerk to a 11 Sen. Mitch McConnell, “Referral of Discharged Nomination,” remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 152, part 8, June 14, 2006, p. 11186. 12 Sen. Mitch McConnell, “Discharge and Referral,” remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 152, part 10, June 29, 2006, p. 13597. 13 31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1). For more information, see CRS Report RL31965, Financial Management in the Federal Government: Efforts to Improve Performance, by Virginia A. McMurtry; and CRS Report RL32550, Homeland Security Financial Accountability Act: History and Recent Developments, by Virginia A. McMurtry. 14 In the 112th Congress, the Senate also passed legislation intended to reduce the number of executive branch positions subject to Senate confirmation. Enactment of S. 679 eliminates the requirement of Senate approval of several specified presidentially appointed positions in the federal agencies and departments. S. 679 passed the Senate on June 29, 2011, passed the House of Representatives on July 31, 2012, and was signed into law by the President on August 10, 2012, as P.L. 112-166. For additional information on these two measures, see CRS Report R41872, Presidential Appointments, the Senate’s Confirmation Process, and Changes Made in the 112th Congress, by Maeve P. Carey. Congressional Research Service 3 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation separate section of the Executive Calendar having the heading, “Privileged Nomination – Information Received,” and it will remain in this status on the calendar for 10 days of Senate session. At the expiration of this 10-day period, the nomination is placed on the “Nominations” section of the Executive Calendar, where nominations reported by Senate committees are listed. The sponsor of S.Res. 116 indicated his view that they would be placed in this position on the Executive Calendar, “with the presumption that these noncontroversial positions would be [confirmed] by unanimous consent.”15 Anytime that a nomination is on the Executive Calendar in either the “Information Requested” or “Information Received” section, any Senator, or on the behalf of another Senator, can direct that the nomination be referred to Senate committee in the usual fashion. Organization of the Report This report identifies, for each Senate committee to which nominations have been referred during recent Congresses, the positions over which the committee has exercised jurisdiction. The lists of presidentially appointed positions requiring Senate confirmation are based on referrals as of the separate section of the Executive Calendar having the heading, "Privileged Nomination – Information Received," and it will remain in this status on the calendar for 10 days of Senate session. At the expiration of this 10-day period, the nomination is placed on the "Nominations" section of the Executive Calendar, where nominations reported by Senate committees are listed. The sponsor of S.Res. 116 indicated his view that they would be placed in this position on the Executive Calendar, "with the presumption that these noncontroversial positions would be [confirmed] by unanimous consent."¹⁵ Anytime that a nomination is on the Executive Calendar in either the "Information Requested" or "Information Received" section, any Senator, or on the behalf of another Senator, can direct that the nomination be referred to Senate committee in the usual fashion.

113^th Congress Precedent Regarding Cloture on Nominations

On November 21, 2013, the Senate voted to establish a new precedent related to the number of votes necessary to bring debate to a close on presidential nominations. Under this precedent, invoking cloture on presidential nominations to positions other than the Supreme Court of the United States now requires a vote of a majority of Senators present and voting, or 51 votes if all 100 Senators vote.¹⁶ Prior to the establishment of this precedent, the cloture threshold for nominations was three-fifths of the Senators duly chosen and sworn, or 60 votes if there are no vacancies in the Senate's membership.

Organization of the Report

This report identifies, for each Senate committee to which nominations have been referred during recent Congresses, the positions over which the committee has exercised jurisdiction. The lists of presidentially appointed positions requiring Senate confirmation are based on referrals as of the date of passage of S. 679, which became P.L. 112-166 on August 10, 2012. A complete list of the presidentially appointed positions that no longer require Senate confirmation may be found in the Appendix Appendix at the end of this report. For each committee list, positions are categorized as full- or part-time and then grouped by department or agency. Where nominations have been referred to more than one committee, the organizations and titles are noted under each of the committees to which the nominations were referred. A footnote indicates the authority under which the referral to multiple committees was made. Policy areas are not specified in statute for some of the sub-secretary positions. The policy areas shown in the listings for such positions are drawn from the text of presidential nomination messages and information from agency officials. In these cases, titles, specific responsibilities, and referral patterns may change over time. Most appointments to departments and single-headed agencies are characterized by an indefinite tenure; office holders serve at the pleasure of the President. In contrast, terms of office for appointments to multi-member entities, such as commissions and boards, are often for fixed periods of time. For those positions that have fixed terms of office, the lists include the lengths of the terms. Some commissions, councils, and other multi-member entities are required, by their enabling statutes, to maintain political balance in some way. This is noted in parentheses where applicable. Nominations covered by S.Res. 116 are highlighted in the report with an asterisk, noting their privileged status under the standing order discussed above. The information provided in this report was compiled from the Senate nominations database of the Legislative Information System,1617 which spans the 97th97^th Congress to the present; data on departmental and agency websites; telephone conversations with agency officials; and the United States Code. 15 Remarks of Sen. Charles E. Schumer, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 157 (June 29, 2011), p. S4203. The Legislative Information System, which is accessible to Congress, is available at http://www.congress.gov/nomis/ . A similar, publicly available database is at http://thomas.loc.gov/home/nomis.html. 16 Congressional Research Service 4 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation United States Code. Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Forestry Full-Time Positions Department of Agriculture17 Secretary Agriculture¹⁸ Secretary Deputy Secretary Under Secretary—Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services Under Secretary—Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services Under Secretary—Food Safety Under Secretary—Marketing and Regulatory Programs Under Secretary—Natural Resources and Environment Under Secretary—Research, Education, and Economics Under Secretary—Rural Development Assistant Secretary—Civil Rights *Assistant Secretary—Congressional Relations *Chief Financial Officer18 General Counsel Inspector General19 Officer¹⁹ General Counsel Inspector General²⁰ Commodity Futures Trading Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—five positions (five-year terms of office—Chair must be confirmed as both a member and as chair.) Farm Credit Administration (political balance required) Member—three positions (six-year terms of office) Part-Time Positions Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (Farmer Mac), Board of Directors *Member—five5 (of 15 total) positions (indefinite terms of office; political balance required) 17 For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 18 This chief financial officer (CFO) is one of the CFO positions covered by the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-576), as amended, that may be filled through appointment by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or through designation by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). 19 Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. Congressional Research Service 5 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Senate Committee on Armed Services Full-Time Positions Department of Defense20 Office of the Secretary Secretary Deputy Secretary Under Secretary—Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics Under Secretary—Comptroller/*Chief Financial Officer21 Under Secretary—Intelligence Under Secretary—Personnel and Readiness Under Secretary—Policy Deputy Chief Management Officer Principal Deputy Under Secretary—Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics Principal Deputy Under Secretary—Comptroller Principal Deputy Under Secretary—Intelligence Principal Deputy Under Secretary—Personnel and Readiness Principal Deputy Under Secretary—Policy Assistant Secretary—Acquisition Assistant Secretary—Asian and Pacific Security Affairs Assistant Secretary—Global Strategic Affairs Assistant Secretary—Health Affairs Assistant Secretary—Homeland Defense and Americas’ Security Affairs Assistant Secretary—International Security Affairs *Assistant Secretary—Legislative Affairs Assistant Secretary—Logistics and Materiel Readiness Assistant Secretary—Reserve Affairs Assistant Secretary—Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict Director—Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation Director—Defense Research and Engineering Director—Operational Energy Plans and Programs Director—Operational Test and Evaluation Assistant to the Secretary—Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs General Counsel Inspector General22 Military Officers (commissions and promotions) 20 See also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). This chief financial officer (CFO) is one of the CFO positions covered by the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-576), as amended, that may be filled through appointment by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or through designation by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. 22 Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. (continued...) 21 Congressional Research Service 6 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Department of the Air Force Secretary Under Secretary Assistant Secretary—Acquisition *Assistant Secretary—Financial Management/Comptroller Assistant Secretary—Manpower and Reserve Affairs Assistant Secretary—Installations, Environment, and Logistics General Counsel Department of the Army Secretary Under Secretary Assistant Secretary—Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology Assistant Secretary—Civil Works23 *Assistant Secretary—Financial Management/Comptroller Assistant Secretary—Installations and Environment Assistant Secretary—Manpower and Reserve Affairs General Counsel Department of the Navy Secretary Under Secretary *Assistant Secretary—Financial Management/Comptroller Assistant Secretary—Energy, Installations, and Environment Assistant Secretary—Manpower and Reserve Affairs Assistant Secretary—Research, Development, and Acquisition General Counsel Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman (two-year term of office) Vice Chairman (two-year term of office) Chief of Staff (Air Force) (four-year term of office) Chief of Staff (Army) (four-year term of office) Chief of Naval Operations (four-year term of office) Commandant of the Marine Corps (four-year term of office) (...continued) For more information, see footnote 7. 23 As of October 31, 2007, the most recent nomination to this position had been referred sequentially to the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Environment and Public Works. On March 10, 2005, the Senate agreed, by unanimous consent, that “when the nomination for the Assistant Secretary for Civil Works is received by the Senate, it will be referred to the Committee on Armed Services; provided that when the Committee on Armed Services reports the nomination it be referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works for a period of 20 days of session; provided further that if the Committee on Environment and Public Works does not report the nomination within those 20 days, the committee be discharged from further consideration of the nomination and the nomination be placed on the Calendar.” Sen. Mitch McConnell, “Unanimous Consent Agreement—Executive Calendar,” remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 151, part 3, March 10, 2005, p. 4386. * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. Congressional Research Service 7 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Department of Energy24 Under Secretary—Nuclear Security/Administrator—National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Principal Deputy Administrator—NNSA Deputy Administrator—Defense Programs—NNSA Deputy Administrator—Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation—NNSA Assistant Secretary—Environmental Management25 Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (political balance required) Member—five positions (five-year terms of office) U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (political balance required) Judge—five positions (15-year terms of office) Part-Time Positions Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Board of Regents Member—nine positions (six-year terms of office) 24 For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 25 Nominations to this position are referred jointly to the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources pursuant to a standing order entered into by the Senate by unanimous consent on June 28, 1990. Sen. George Mitchell, “Joint Referral of Department of Energy Nomination,” remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 136, part 11, June 28, 1990, pp. 16573-16574. Congressional Research Service 8 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Full-Time Positions Department of Commerce26 Under Secretary—Export Administration27 Under Secretary—International Trade28 Assistant Secretary—Export Administration Assistant Secretary—Export Enforcement Assistant Secretary—Trade Promotion/Director General—U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service29 Department of Housing and Urban Development30 Secretary Deputy Secretary Assistant Secretary—Community Planning and Development *Assistant Secretary—Congressional and Intergovernmental Relations Assistant Secretary—Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity Assistant Secretary—Housing/Federal Housing Commissioner Assistant Secretary—Policy Development and Research Assistant Secretary—Public and Indian Housing *Chief Financial Officer31 Director—Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (five-year term) General Counsel Inspector General32 President—Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae) 26 For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation; Committee on Environment and Public Works; Committee on Finance; Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs; and Committee on the Judiciary. 27 Within the Department of Commerce, this position is also known as Under Secretary for Industry and Security. 28 Nominations to this position are referred jointly to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Finance pursuant to a unanimous consent agreement of September 20, 2007. Sen. John Kerry, “Joint Referral,” remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 153, part 18, September 20, 2007, p. 25123. 29 Nominations to this position are referred jointly to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation pursuant to a unanimous consent agreement of May 26, 2005. Sen. Bill Frist, “Joint Referral,” remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 151, part 8, May 26, 2005, p. 11590. 30 See also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 31 This chief financial officer (CFO) is one of Senate Committee on Armed Services

Full-Time Positions

Department of Defense²¹

Office of the Secretary Secretary Deputy Secretary Under Secretary—Acquisition, Technology, and LogisticsUnder Secretary—Comptroller/*Chief Financial Officer²² Under Secretary—Intelligence Under Secretary—Personnel and Readiness Under Secretary—Policy Deputy Chief Management OfficerPrincipal Deputy Under Secretary—Acquisition, Technology, and LogisticsPrincipal Deputy Under Secretary—Comptroller Principal Deputy Under Secretary—IntelligencePrincipal Deputy Under Secretary—Personnel and Readiness Principal Deputy Under Secretary—Policy Assistant Secretary—AcquisitionAssistant Secretary—Asian and Pacific Security Affairs Assistant Secretary—Global Strategic Affairs Assistant Secretary—Health Affairs Assistant Secretary—Homeland Defense and Americas' Security AffairsAssistant Secretary—International Security Affairs *Assistant Secretary—Legislative Affairs Assistant Secretary—Logistics and Materiel Readiness Assistant Secretary—Reserve Affairs Assistant Secretary—Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict Director—Cost Assessment and Program EvaluationDirector—Defense Research and Engineering Director—Operational Energy Plans and ProgramsDirector—Operational Test and Evaluation Assistant to the Secretary—Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense ProgramsGeneral CounselInspector General²³Military Officers (commissions and promotions) Department of the Air Force Secretary Under Secretary Assistant Secretary—Acquisition *Assistant Secretary—Financial Management/Comptroller Assistant Secretary—Manpower and Reserve Affairs Assistant Secretary—Installations, Environment, and LogisticsGeneral Counsel Department of the Army Secretary Under Secretary Assistant Secretary—Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology Assistant Secretary—Civil Works²⁴ *Assistant Secretary—Financial Management/Comptroller Assistant Secretary—Installations and Environment Assistant Secretary—Manpower and Reserve Affairs General Counsel Department of the Navy Secretary Under Secretary *Assistant Secretary—Financial Management/Comptroller Assistant Secretary—Energy, Installations, and Environment Assistant Secretary—Manpower and Reserve AffairsAssistant Secretary—Research, Development, and Acquisition General Counsel Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman (two-year term of office) Vice Chairman (two-year term of office) Chief of Staff (Air Force) (four-year term of office) Chief of Staff (Army) (four-year term of office) Chief of Naval Operations (four-year term of office) Commandant of the Marine Corps (four-year term of office) Department of Energy²⁵ Under Secretary—Nuclear Security/Administrator—National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Principal Deputy Administrator—NNSA Deputy Administrator—Defense Programs—NNSA Deputy Administrator—Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation—NNSA Assistant Secretary—Environmental Management²⁶ Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (political balance required) Member—five positions (five-year terms of office) U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (political balance required) Judge—five positions (15-year terms of office)

Part-Time Positions

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Board of Regents Member—nine positions (six-year terms of office) Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs

Full-Time Positions

Department of Commerce²⁷ Under Secretary—Export Administration²⁸ Under Secretary—International Trade²⁹ Assistant Secretary—Export Administration Assistant Secretary—Export Enforcement Assistant Secretary—Trade Promotion/Director General—U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service³⁰ Department of Housing and Urban Development³¹Secretary Deputy Secretary Assistant Secretary—Community Planning and Development *Assistant Secretary—Congressional and Intergovernmental Relations Assistant Secretary—Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity Assistant Secretary—Housing/Federal Housing Commissioner Assistant Secretary—Policy Development and Research Assistant Secretary—Public and Indian Housing*Chief Financial Officer³²Director—Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (five-year term) General Counsel Inspector General³³ President—Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae) Department of Transportation³⁴ Administrator—Federal Transit Administration Department of the Treasury³⁵ Under Secretary—Terrorism and Financial Crimes³⁶ Assistant Secretary—Financial Institutions Assistant Secretary—Financial StabilityAssistant Secretary—International Markets and DevelopmentAssistant Secretary—Terrorist FinancingSpecial Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program³⁷Comptroller of the Currency (five-year term of office) Director of the Mint (five-year term of office)Director—Office of Financial Research (six-year term of office)Director—Office of Thrift Supervision (five-year term of office) Bureau of Consumer Financial ProtectionDirector Council of Economic Advisers (Executive Office of the President)Chair Export-Import Bank³⁸ (political balance required) Member—five positions (four-year terms of office—Chair must be confirmed as both a member and as chair.) Inspector General³⁹ Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation⁴⁰ (political balance required) Member—three positions (six-year terms of office—Chair and vice chair must be confirmed as both a member and as chair.) Inspector General⁴¹ Federal Housing Finance Agency (political balance required) Director⁴²Inspector General⁴³ Federal Reserve System, Board of Governors Governor—seven positions (14-year terms of office—Chair and vice chair, who must be confirmed as both a governor and as chair and vice chair, also need to be confirmed for four-year terms in those offices.) Financial Stability Oversight CouncilMember—10 voting positions and 5 nonvoting (six-year terms of office) National Credit Union Administration, Board of Directors (political balance required) Member—three positions (six-year terms of office) Securities and Exchange Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—five positions (five-year terms of office)

Part-Time Positions

National Consumer Cooperative Bank, Board of Directors *Member—3 (of 15 total) positions (three-year terms of office) National Institute of Building Sciences, Board of Directors *Member—6 (of 21 total) positions (three-year terms of office) Securities Investor Protection Corporation, Board of Directors *Director—five (of seven total) positions (three-year terms of office)⁴⁴ Senate Committee on the Budget

Full-Time Positions

Office of Management and Budget (Executive Office of the President)⁴⁵ Director⁴⁶ Deputy Director⁴⁷ Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation

Full-Time Positions

Department of Commerce⁴⁸ Secretary Deputy Secretary Under Secretary—Economic Affairs Under Secretary—Standards and Technology/ Director—National Institute of Standards and Technology Assistant Secretary—*Administration/*Chief Financial Officer⁴⁹ Assistant Secretary—Communications and Information *Assistant Secretary—Legislative Affairs Assistant Secretary—Manufacturing and ServicesAssistant Secretary—Technology Policy Assistant Secretary—Trade Promotion/Director General—U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service⁵⁰ General Counsel Inspector General⁵¹ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Under Secretary—Oceans and Atmosphere/Administrator—NOAAAssistant Secretary—Conservation and Management/Deputy Administrator—NOAAAssistant Secretary—Environmental Observation and Prediction—NOAA Department of Homeland Security⁵² Assistant Secretary/Administrator—Transportation Security Administration⁵³ Commandant—United States Coast Guard Officers (commissions and promotions)—United States Coast Guard Officers Department of Transportation⁵⁴ Secretary Deputy Secretary Under Secretary—Policy Assistant Secretary—Aviation and International Affairs *Assistant Secretary—Governmental Affairs Assistant Secretary—Transportation Policy Administrator—Federal Aviation Administration (five-year term of office)Administrator—Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Administrator—Federal Railroad Administration Administrator—Maritime AdministrationAdministrator—National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Administrator—Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration Administrator—Research and Innovative Technology Administration *Chief Financial Officer⁵⁵ General CounselInspector General⁵⁶ Consumer Product Safety Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—five positions (seven-year terms of office—Only three of the positions have been funded and filled since the mid-1980s; the chair must be confirmed as both a member and the chair.) Federal Communications Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—five positions (five-year terms of office) Federal Maritime Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—five positions (five-year terms of office) Federal Trade Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—five positions (seven-year terms of office) National Aeronautics and Space Administration⁵⁷ Administrator Deputy Administrator *Chief Financial Officer Inspector General⁵⁸ National Transportation Safety Board (political balance required) Member—five positions (five-year terms of office—the chair must be confirmed as both a member and as chair.) Office of Science and Technology Policy (Executive Office of the President) Director Associate Director—Energy and EnvironmentAssociate Director—National Security and International AffairsAssociate Director—Science Associate Director—Technology/Chief Technology Officer Surface Transportation Board (political balance required) Member—three positions (five-year terms of office)

Part-Time Positions

Corporation for Public Broadcasting Board of Directors (political balance required) Member—nine positions (six-year terms of office) Metropolitan Washington Airport Authority Board of Directors *Member—three positions (six-year terms of office; political balance required) AMTRAK, Board of Directors⁵⁹Member—seven positions (five-year terms of office) Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation Advisory Board (political balance required) *Member—five positions (indefinite terms of office) Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources

Full-Time Positions

Department of Energy⁶⁰ Secretary Deputy Secretary Under Secretary Under Secretary—Science Administrator—Energy Information Administration *Assistant Secretary—Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs Assistant Secretary—Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Assistant Secretary—Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Assistant Secretary—Environmental Management⁶¹ Assistant Secretary—Fossil Energy Assistant Secretary—International Affairs and Domestic Policy Assistant Secretary—Nuclear Energy Director—Advanced Research Projects Agency-EnergyDirector—Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Director—Office of Minority Economic Impact Director—Office of Science *Chief Financial Officer⁶²General Counsel Inspector General⁶³ Department of the Interior⁶⁴ Secretary Deputy Secretary Assistant Secretary—Fish, Wildlife, and Parks⁶⁵ Assistant Secretary—Insular AffairsAssistant Secretary—Land and Minerals Management *Assistant Secretary—Management, and Budget/Chief Financial Officer⁶⁶ Assistant Secretary—Water and Science Commissioner—Bureau of Reclamation Director—Bureau of Land Management Director—National Park Service Director—Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement Director—U.S. Geological Survey Inspector General⁶⁷ Solicitor Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—five positions (five-year terms of office) Office of the Federal Coordinator for Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects *Federal Coordinator⁶⁸ Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works

Full-Time Positions

Department of Commerce⁶⁹ Assistant Secretary—Economic Development Department of Defense⁷⁰ Assistant Secretary—Army—Civil Works⁷¹ Department of the Interior⁷² Assistant Secretary—Fish, Wildlife and Parks⁷³ Director—U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Department of Transportation⁷⁴ Administrator—Federal Highway Administration Appalachian Regional Commission *Federal Cochair Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board Member—five positions (five-year terms of office—the chair must be confirmed as both a member and as chair.) Council on Environmental Quality (Executive Office of the President)⁷⁵ Chair Delta Regional Authority Federal Cochair Environmental Protection Agency⁷⁶ Administrator Deputy Administrator Assistant Administrator—Administration and Resources Management Assistant Administrator—Air and Radiation Assistant Administrator—Enforcement and Compliance Assurance Assistant Administrator—Environmental Information/Chief Information Officer Assistant Administrator—International and Tribal Affairs Assistant Administrator—Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances Assistant Administrator—Research and Development Assistant Administrator—Solid Waste and Emergency ResponseAssistant Administrator—Toxic Substances⁷⁷ Assistant Administrator—Water*Chief Financial Officer⁷⁸ General Counsel Inspector General⁷⁹ Northern Border Regional CommissionFederal Cochair Nuclear Regulatory Commission⁸⁰ (political balance required) Commissioner—five positions (five-year terms of office) Inspector General⁸¹ Office of Environmental QualityDeputy Director⁸²

Part-Time Positions

Morris K. Udall Scholarship and Excellence in National Environmental Policy Foundation, Board of Trustees (political balance required) *Member—nine positions (six-year terms of office) Tennessee Valley Authority, Board of Directors⁸³ Member—nine positions (five-year terms of office) Inspector General⁸⁴ Senate Committee on Finance

Full-Time Positions

Department of Commerce⁸⁵ Under Secretary—International Trade⁸⁶ Assistant Secretary—Import Administration Assistant Secretary—Market Access and Compliance Department of Health and Human Services⁸⁷ Secretary Deputy Secretary Administrator—Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services *Assistant Secretary—Resources and Technology⁸⁸/Chief Financial Officer⁸⁹ Assistant Secretary—Family SupportAssistant Secretary—Legislation Assistant Secretary—Planning and Evaluation Assistant Secretary—Public Affairs Commissioner—Children, Youth, and Families General Counsel Inspector General⁹⁰ Department of Homeland Security⁹¹ Commissioner—U.S. Customs and Border Protection Department of the Treasury⁹² Secretary Deputy Secretary Under Secretary—Domestic Finance Under Secretary—International Affairs Under Secretary—Terrorism and Financial Crimes⁹³ Assistant Secretary—Economic Policy Assistant Secretary—Financial Markets Assistant Secretary (Deputy Under Secretary)—International Affairs⁹⁴Assistant Secretary—Tax Policy*Assistant Secretary (Deputy Under Secretary)—Legislative Affairs⁹⁵ *Chief Financial Officer⁹⁶Chief Counsel—Internal Revenue Service/Assistant General Counsel for Tax Commissioner—Internal Revenue (five-year terms of office) General CounselInspector General⁹⁷ Inspector General—Tax Administration⁹⁸ Office of United States Trade Representative (Executive Office of the President) U.S. Trade Representative Deputy U.S. Trade Representative Deputy U.S. Trade Representative Deputy U.S. Trade Representative Chief Agricultural Negotiator Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation Director⁹⁹ Social Security Administration¹⁰⁰ Commissioner (six-year term of office) Deputy Commissioner (six-year term of office) Inspector General¹⁰¹ United States International Trade Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—six positions (nine-year terms of office) United States Tax Court Judge—19 positions (15-year terms of office)

Part-Time Positions

Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund, Board of Trustees (political balance required) *Member—two (of six total) positions (four-year terms of office) Federal Old-Age and Survivors Trust Fund and the Disability Insurance Trust Fund, Board of Trustees (political balance required) *Member—two (of six total) positions (four-year terms of office) *Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund, Board of Trustees (political balance required) Member—two (of six total) positions (four-year terms of office) Internal Revenue Service Oversight Board *Member—seven (of nine total) positions (five-year terms of office) Social Security Advisory Board (political balance required) *Member—three (of seven total) positions (six-year terms of office)¹⁰² Senate Committee on Foreign Relations

Full-Time Positions

Department of State¹⁰³ Secretary Deputy Secretary Deputy Secretary—Management and Resources Under Secretary—Arms Control and International Security Under Secretary—Economic, Energy and Agricultural Affairs Under Secretary—Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights Under Secretary—Management Under Secretary—Political Affairs Under Secretary—Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs Assistant Secretary—African Affairs¹⁰⁴ Assistant Secretary—Arms Control, Verification and ComplianceAssistant Secretary—Budget and Planning/*Chief Financial Officer¹⁰⁵Assistant Secretary—Conflict and Stabilization OperationsAssistant Secretary—Consular Affairs Assistant Secretary—Democracy, Human Rights and Labor Assistant Secretary—Diplomatic Security/Director—Office of Foreign Missions¹⁰⁶ Assistant Secretary—East Asian and Pacific Affairs Assistant Secretary—Economic, Energy and Business Affairs Assistant Secretary—Educational and Cultural Affairs Assistant Secretary—European and Eurasian Affairs Assistant Secretary—International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Assistant Secretary—International Organization Affairs Assistant Secretary—International Security and Nonproliferation *Assistant Secretary—Legislative Affairs Assistant Secretary—Near Eastern Affairs Assistant Secretary—Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific AffairsAssistant Secretary—Political-Military Affairs Assistant Secretary—Population, Refugees and Migration Assistant Secretary—South and Central Asian AffairsAssistant Secretary—Western Hemisphere AffairsAmbassador-at-Large—Coordinator—CounterterrorismAmbassador-at-Large—Global Women's Issues Ambassador-at-Large—Director—Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in PersonsAmbassador-at-Large—International Religious Freedom Ambassador-at-Large—War Crimes Issues U.S. Permanent Representative to the Organization of American States U.S. Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationCoordinator—Reconstruction and Stabilization Coordinator—U.S. Global AIDSDirector General—Foreign Service *Chief Financial Officer¹⁰⁷ Inspector General¹⁰⁸ Legal Adviser Chief of Protocol¹⁰⁹ Ambassadors

Foreign Service Officers (numerous commissions and promotions)

U.S. Mission to the United Nations U.S. Permanent Representative and Chief of Mission—United Nations U.S. Deputy Permanent Representative—United Nations U.S. Representative—United Nations Economic and Social Council U.S. Alternate Representative—Special Political Affairs in the United Nations U.S. Representative—United Nations Management and Reform U.S. Representative—European Office of the United Nations (Geneva) U.S. Representative—Vienna Office of the United Nations (also serves as a representative to the International Atomic Energy Agency) U.S. Representative—International Atomic Energy AgencyU.S. Deputy Representative—International Atomic Energy Agency U.S. Representative and Alternate Representatives to sessions of the General Assembly and other United Nations Bodies—numerous positions (terms of office depends on length of session) U.S. Agency for International Development¹¹⁰ Administrator Deputy Administrator Assistant Administrator—Sub-Saharan Africa Assistant Administrator—Asia Assistant Administrator—Europe and EurasiaAssistant Administrator—Food Safety Assistant Administrator—Global Health Assistant Administrator—Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistance Assistant Administrator—Latin America and CaribbeanAssistant Administrator—Middle East *Assistant Administrator—Legislative and Public Affairs Assistant Administrator—Policy, Planning and Learning Assistant Administrator—Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade Inspector General¹¹¹ European Bank for Reconstruction and Development U.S. Executive Director International Broadcasting Bureau, Broadcasting Board of Governors Director International Joint Commission, United States and Canada Commissioner—three positions International Monetary Fund U.S. Executive Director (two-year term of office) U.S. Alternate Executive Director (two-year term of office) Inter-American Development Bank U.S. Executive Director (three-year term of office—The incumbent of this position also serves as U.S. Executive Director for the Inter-American Investment Corporation.) U.S. Alternate Executive Director (three-year term of office—The incumbent of this position also serves as U.S. Alternate Executive Director for the Inter-American Investment Corporation.) U.S. Trade and Development Agency Director

Organizations with Full- and Part-Time Positions¹¹²

African Development Bank U.S. Executive Director (five-year term of office; full-time) Governor and Alternate Governor (five-year terms of office; part-time) Asian Development Bank U.S. Executive Director (full-time) Governor and Alternate Governor (part-time) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development U.S. Executive Director (two-year term of office; full-time—The incumbent also serves as U.S. Executive Director for the International Finance Corporation and the International Development Association.)

U.S. Alternate Executive Director (two-year term of office; full-time—The incumbent also serves as U.S. Alternate Executive Director for the International Finance Corporation and the International Development Association.)

Governor (same individual as the International Monetary Fund Governor; five-year term of office; part-time—The incumbent also serves as Governor for the International Finance Corporation and the International Development Association.)

Alternate Governor (five-year term of office; part-time—The incumbent also serves as Alternate Governor for the International Finance Corporation and the International Development Association.)

Millennium Challenge Corporation Chief Executive Officer (full-time) *Member, Board of Directors—four (of nine total) positions (part-time; three-year terms of office) Overseas Private Investment Corporation President/Chief Executive Officer (full-time) Executive Vice President (full-time) *Member, Board of Directors—8 (of 15 total) positions (part-time; three-year terms of office) Peace Corps Director (full-time) Deputy Director (full-time) *Member, National Peace Corps Advisory Council—15 positions (part-time; political balance required; two-year terms of office)

Part-Time Positions

Advisory Board for Cuba Broadcasting (political balance required)¹¹³ *Member—eight positions (three-year terms of office) African Development Foundation, Board of Directors (political balance required) *Member—seven positions (six-year terms of office)¹¹⁴ African Development Fund Governor and Alternate Governor Broadcasting Board of Governors (political balance required) Member—eight (of nine total) positions (three-year terms of office) Inter-American Foundation, Board of Directors (political balance required) *Member—nine positions (six-year terms of office) U.S. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy¹¹⁵ (political balance required) *Commissioner—seven positions (three-year terms of office) Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions

Full-Time Positions

Department of Education¹¹⁶ Secretary Deputy SecretaryUnder Secretary Assistant Secretary—Civil Rights Assistant Secretary—Communications and Outreach Assistant Secretary—Elementary and Secondary Education *Assistant Secretary—Legislation and Congressional AffairsAssistant Secretary—Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development Assistant Secretary—Postsecondary Education Assistant Secretary—Special Education and Rehabilitative Services Assistant Secretary—Vocational and Adult Education *Chief Financial Officer¹¹⁷ *Commissioner—Rehabilitation Services Administration Director—Institute of Education Sciences (six-year term of office)General Counsel Inspector General¹¹⁸ Department of Health and Human Services¹¹⁹ Administrator—Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Assistant Secretary—Aging Assistant Secretary—Health*Assistant Secretary—LegislationAssistant Secretary—Preparedness and Response*Commissioner—Administration for Children, Youth, FamiliesCommissioner—Food and Drugs Director—National Institutes of Health Surgeon General (four-year term of office) Public Health Service—Officer Corps Department of Labor¹²⁰ Secretary Deputy Secretary *Assistant Secretary—Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs Assistant Secretary—Disability Employment Policy Assistant Secretary—Employee Benefits Security Administration Assistant Secretary—Employment and Training Administration Assistant Secretary—Mine Safety and Health Administration Assistant Secretary—Occupational Safety and Health Administration Assistant Secretary—Policy Assistant Secretary—Veterans' Employment and Training Service¹²¹ Administrator—Wage and Hour Division Commissioner—Bureau of Labor Statistics *Chief Financial Officer¹²²Inspector General¹²³ Solicitor Corporation for National and Community Service¹²⁴ Chief Executive Officer Inspector General¹²⁵ Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—five positions (five-year terms of office) General Counsel (four-year term of office) Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service Director Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission Commissioner—five positions (six-year terms of office) National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities National Endowment for the Arts—Chair (four-year term of office) National Endowment for the Humanities—Chair (four-year term of office) Institute of Museum and Library Services—Director (four-year term of office) National Labor Relations Board (Political balance is not required, but, by tradition, no more than three members are from the same party.) Member—five positions (five-year terms of office) General Counsel (four-year term of office) National Mediation Board (political balance required) Member—three positions (three-year terms of office) National Science BoardMember—24 positions (six-year terms of office) National Science Foundation Director (six-year term of office) Deputy Director Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission Member—three positions (six-year terms of office) Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation Director¹²⁶ Railroad Retirement Board¹²⁷ Member—three positions (five-year terms of office—Chair must be confirmed as both a member and as chair.)Inspector General¹²⁸

Part-Time Positions

Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Foundation, Board of Trustees (political balance required) *Member—8 (of 13 total) positions (six-year terms of office) Corporation for National and Community Service, Board of Directors (political balance required) *Member—15 positions (five-year terms of office) Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation, Board of Trustees (political balance required) *Member—8 (of 13 total) positions (six-year terms of office) James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation, Board of Trustees (political balance required) *Member—6 (of 13 total) positions (six-year terms of office) Legal Services Corporation Board of Directors (political balance required) *Member—11 positions (three-year terms of office)

National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities

National Council on the Arts *Member—18 positions (of 25 total) positions (six-year terms of office) National Council on the Humanities *Member—26 positions (of 27 total) positions (six-year terms of office) United States Institute of Peace, Board of Directors (political balance required)*Chairman*Vice Chairman *Member—10 (of 15 total) positions (four-year terms of office)¹²⁹ Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs

Full-Time Positions

Department of Commerce¹³⁰ Director—Bureau of the Census (five-year term of office)¹³¹ Department of Homeland Security¹³² Secretary Deputy Secretary Under Secretary—Management Under Secretary—National Protection and Programs¹³³ Under Secretary—Science and TechnologyAssistant Secretary—Policy Assistant Secretary—U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement¹³⁴Assistant Secretary/Administrator—Transportation Security Administration¹³⁵Administrator—Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)Deputy Administrator—FEMADeputy Administrator—Protection and National Preparedness (FEMA)*Chief Financial Officer¹³⁶ General CounselInspector General Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency to the District of Columbia Director (six-year term of office) District of Columbia Court of Appeals (15-year terms of office)Chief JudgeAssociate Judges—eight positions District of Columbia Superior Court (15-year terms of office)Chief Judge Associate Judges—61 positions¹³⁷ Superior Court of the District of Columbia (four-year terms of office)United States Marshal¹³⁸ Federal Labor Relations Authority (political balance required) Members—three positions (five-year terms of office) General Counsel (five-year term of office) General Accountability OfficeComptroller General (15-year term of office) Deputy Comptroller General¹³⁹ General Services Administration Administrator Inspector General Merit Systems Protection Board (political balance required) Member—three positions (seven-year terms of office—Chair must be confirmed as both amember and as chair.) National Archives and Records Administration Archivist Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI)Inspector General of the Intelligence Community¹⁴⁰ Office of Government Ethics Director (five-year term of office) Office of Management and Budget (Executive Office of the President) Director¹⁴¹ Deputy Director¹⁴² Deputy Director—Management Administrator—Office of Federal Procurement Policy Administrator—Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs *Controller—Office of Federal Financial Management Office of Personnel Management Director (four-year term of office) Deputy Director Inspector General Office of Special Counsel Special Counsel (five-year term of office) Postal Regulatory Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—five positions (six-year terms of office)

Most Other Inspectors General¹⁴³

Part-Time Positions

Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board *Member—five positions (four-year terms of office) Special Panel on Appeals Chair (six-year term of office) United States Postal Service Board of Governors (political balance required) Governor—nine positions (nine-year terms of office) Senate Committee on Indian Affairs

Full-Time Positions

Department of Health and Human Services¹⁴⁴ Director—Indian Health Service (four-year term of office) *Commissioner—Administration for Native Americans Department of the Interior¹⁴⁵ Assistant Secretary—Indian Affairs Chair—National Indian Gaming Commission (three-year term of office) Special Trustee—American Indians Senate Select Committee on Intelligence

Full-Time Positions

Department of Homeland SecurityUnder Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis Department of Justice Assistant Attorney General—National Security Division¹⁴⁶ Department of State Assistant Secretary—Intelligence and Research¹⁴⁷ Department of the Treasury Assistant Secretary—Intelligence and Analysis Central Intelligence Agency Director General Counsel Inspector General Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI)Director Principal Deputy Director Director—National Counterterrorism Center General Counsel Chief Information OfficerInspector General of the Intelligence Community ¹⁴⁸ Senate Committee on the Judiciary

Full-Time Positions

Department of Commerce¹⁴⁹ Under Secretary—Intellectual Property/Director—U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Department of Homeland Security¹⁵⁰ Assistant Secretary—U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement¹⁵¹ Director—U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Department of Justice¹⁵² Attorney General Deputy Attorney General Associate Attorney General Assistant Attorney General—Antitrust Division Assistant Attorney General—Civil Division Assistant Attorney General—Civil Rights Division Assistant Attorney General—Criminal DivisionAssistant Attorney General—Environment and Natural Resources Division *Assistant Attorney General—Legislative Affairs Assistant Attorney General—National Security Division¹⁵³Assistant Attorney General—Office of Justice Programs Assistant Attorney General—Office of Legal Counsel Assistant Attorney General—Office of Legal Policy Assistant Attorney General—Tax Division Administrator—Drug Enforcement Administration Deputy Administrator—Drug Enforcement Administration Director—Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and ExplosivesDirector—Community Relations Service (four-year term of office) Director—Federal Bureau of Investigation (10-year term of office) Director—Office on Violence Against Women Director—U.S. Marshals Service Inspector General¹⁵⁴ Solicitor General Special Counsel—Immigration-Related Unfair Employment Practices (four-year term of office) U.S. Attorney—93 positions (four-year terms of office) U.S. Marshal—93 positions (four-year terms of office)¹⁵⁵ Foreign Claims Settlement Commission Chair—(three-year term of office; nominated from among commissioner members—See additional listing under part-time positions below.) Office of National Drug Control Policy (Executive Office of the President)¹⁵⁶ Director Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board¹⁵⁷Member—five positions (six-year term of office) United States Circuit Court Judges—179 positions (life tenure) United States Court of Federal Claims Judges—16 positions (15-year terms of office) United States Court of International Trade (life tenure) Judges—nine positions (political balance required) United States District Courts¹⁵⁸ Judges—677 positions (most are life tenure—These include four judges in three territorial courts, who are appointed to 10-year terms of office.) United States Parole Commission¹⁵⁹ Member—five positions (six-year term of office) United States Sentencing Commission Chair—(six-year term of office; nominated from among commission members.)¹⁶⁰ Vice Chair—three positions (six-year terms of office; designated from among commission members.) United States Supreme Court Chief Justice—(life tenure) Associate Justices—eight positions (life tenure)

Part-Time Positions

Foreign Claims Settlements Commission *Member—three positions (three-year terms of office—One person is nominated to be the full-time chair of the commission along with two part-time members (22 U.S.C. 1622c(b)). State Justice Institute, Board of Directors (political balance required)*Director—11 positions (three-year terms of office, 42 U.S.C. 10708(a)(1)(c)). United States Sentencing Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—three positions (six-year terms of office)¹⁶¹ Senate Committee on Rules and Administration

Full-Time Positions

Architect of the Capitol Architect Election Assistance Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—four positions (four-year terms of office) Federal Election Commission (political balance required) Commissioners—six positions (six-year terms of office) Government Printing Office Public Printer Library of Congress Librarian Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship

Full-Time Positions

Small Business Administration¹⁶² Administrator Deputy Administrator Chief Counsel for Advocacy Inspector General¹⁶³ Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs

Full-Time Positions

Department of Labor¹⁶⁴ Assistant Secretary—Veterans' Employment and Training Service¹⁶⁵ Department of Veterans Affairs¹⁶⁶ Secretary Deputy Secretary Under Secretary—Benefits (four-year term of office) Under Secretary—Health (four-year term of office) Under Secretary—Memorial Affairs *Assistant Secretary—Congressional and Legislative Affairs Assistant Secretary—Information and Technology Assistant Secretary—Policy and Planning Chair—Board of Veterans' Appeals (six-year term of office)*Chief Financial Officer¹⁶⁷ General Counsel Inspector General¹⁶⁸ United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims Judge—37 positions (15-year terms of office) Appendix. Presidential Appointee Positions That No Longer Require Senate Confirmation Per P.L. 112-166, the Presidential Appointment Efficiency and Streamlining Act of 2011 Table A-1. Positions That No Longer Require Senate Confirmation Per P.L. 112-166

(positions listed by Senate Committee of Jurisdiction)

Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry

Assistant Secretary for Administration, Department of Agriculture

Rural Utilities Service Administrator, Department of Agriculture

Directors (7), Commodity Credit Corporation

 

Armed Services

Members (6), National Security Education Board

Director, Selective Service

Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs

Administrator, Community Development Financial Institution Fund, Department of the Treasury

Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Department of Housing and Urban Development

Members (2), Council of Economic Advisers

  Commerce, Science, and Transportation^a

Deputy Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration

Chief Scientist, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Assistant Secretary for Administration, Department of Transportation^b Assistant Secretary for Budget and Programs, Department of Transportation^c

Administrator, St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation

 

Environment and Public Works

Alternate Federal Co-Chairman, Appalachian Regional Commission

Commissioners (7), Mississippi River Corporation

Finance

Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Department of Treasury

Treasurer of the United States

Assistant Secretary for Management, Department of Treasury^d  

Foreign Relations

Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Department of State

Assistant Administrator for Management, U.S. Agency for International Development

Assistant Secretary for Administration, Department of State

  Health, Education, Labor and Pensions^e

Assistant Secretary for Management, Department of Education

Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Department of Labor

Commissioner, Education Statistics, Department of Education

Members (15), National Council on Disability

Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Department of Health and Human Services

Members (24), National Science Foundation

Managing Directors (2), Corporation for National and Community Service

Members (15), National Board of Education Sciences

Assistant Secretary for Administration and Management, Department of Labor

Members (10), National Institute for Literacy Advisory Board

Director of the Women's Bureau, Department of Labor

Members (20), National Museum and Library Services Board, National Foundation of the Arts and Humanities

Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs

Director, Office of Counternarcotics Enforcement, Department of Homeland Security

Chief Medical Officer, Department of Homeland Security

Director, Office for Domestic Preparedness, Federal Emergency Management Administration, Department of Homeland Security

Administrator, U.S. Fire Administration, Department of Homeland Security

Assistant Secretary for Health Affairs, Department of Homeland Security

Assistant Secretary for Legislative Affairs, Department of Homeland Security

Assistant Administrator for Grant Programs, Federal Emergency Management Administration, Department of Homeland Security

Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Department of Homeland Security

Indian Affairs

Commissioner, Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation

Members (13), Board of Trustees, Institute of American Indian and Alaska Native Culture and Arts Development

Judiciary

Director, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Department of Justice

Deputy Director, Office of National Drug Control Policy, Executive Office of the President

Director, Bureau of Justice Assistance, Department of Justice

Deputy Director, Demand Reduction, Office of National Drug Control Policy, Executive Office of the President

Director, National Institute of Justice, Department of Justice

Deputy Director, Supply Reduction, Office of National Drug Control Policy, Executive Office of the President

Director, Office for Victims of Crime, Department of Justice

Deputy Director, State, Local, and Tribal Affairs, Office of National Drug Control Policy, Executive Office of the President

Administrator, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Department of Justice

 

Veterans' Affairs

Assistant Secretary for Management, Department of Veterans Affairs

Assistant Secretary for Operations, Security, and Preparedness, Department of Veterans Affairs

Assistant Secretary for Human Resources and Administration, Department of Veterans Affairs

Assistant Secretary for Public and Intergovernmental Affairs, Department of Veterans Affairs

Source: Congressional Research Service, based upon the lists provided in the Congressional Record upon introduction of S. 679 (Congressional Record, vol. 157, part 44 (March 30, 2011), pp. 1985-1990). Changes made in committee markup were identified through Congressional Quarterly and are available at http://www.cq.com/pdf/3852080. Committee jurisdiction was determined based upon the list provided in the Congressional Record upon the bill's introduction, as well as examination of past referrals of nominations in the Legislative Information System's nominations database. See also CRS Report R41872, Presidential Appointments, the Senate's Confirmation Process, and Changes Made in the 112^th Congress, by [author name scrubbed], in which this table first appeared.

Notes: In addition to eliminating advice and consent requirements for the positions listed here, P.L. 112-166 also makes some other changes. In the Department of Defense, the authorized number of Assistant Secretaries is reduced from 16 to 14. The two that would be eliminated in accordance with that reduction would be the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks and Information Integration and the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs. Within 180 days of the enactment of P.L. 112-166, the Secretary of Defense is required to report to the appropriate congressional committees his plan for establishing positions that would fulfill the functions of those two Assistant Secretary positions, but they could not be subject to Senate confirmation or at the Assistant Secretary level. Another change made by the passage of P.L. 112-166 is that the Director of the Bureau of the Census would have a five-year term, beginning in 2012, with a two-term limit. Additionally, for the positions of Governor and Alternate Governor for the African Development Bank, Asian Development Bank, and African Development Fund, the President can nominate an individual with the advice and consent of the Senate, or he can designate an individual to fill those positions from among individuals serving in positions that are already, independently, subject to advice and consent of the Senate.

a. An additional 319 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Officer Corps positions are typically referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. These are included in P.L. 112-166 and will no longer be considered by the Senate. Nominations for the NOAA Officer Corps are sometimes considered en bloc, or in a list that receives a single vote.

b. P.L. 112-166 requires the Assistant Secretary for Administration to be appointed by the Secretary with the approval of the President.

c. It appears that the Assistant Secretary for Budget and Programs also serves as the CFO in the Department of Transportation. P.L. 112-166 eliminates the advice and consent requirement for the Assistant Secretary position, but the CFO position will still require advice and consent. The CFO position for Transportation is included in P.L. 112-166.d. It appears that the Assistant Secretary for Management also serves as the CFO in the Department of the Treasury. P.L. 112-166 eliminates the advice and consent requirement for the Assistant Secretary position, but the CFO position will still require advice and consent. The CFO position for Treasury is included in P.L. 112-166. e. The advice and consent requirements for an additional 2,536 Public Health Services Officer Corps positions have been eliminated as well by P.L. 112-166. These nominations are typically non-controversial and are considered by the Senate en bloc, with the Senate considering a large number of nominees and casting a single vote for the entire list. The list may include dozens or even hundreds of nominees.

Acknowledgment

This report was originally authored by [author name scrubbed], analyst in American National Government, and Maureen Bearden, information research specialist. The listed authors would like to acknowledge the assistance that CRS colleagues Maureen Bearden, [author name scrubbed], and [author name scrubbed] provided during the updating of this report.

Footnotes

1.

Positions in the White House Office to which the President makes appointments without the need for Senate confirmation are exceptions.

2.

In the final, official appointment stage, a confirmed nominee is given a commission signed by the President, with the seal of the United States affixed thereto, and is sworn into office.

3.

For more information on the Senate confirmation process, see CRS Report RL31980, Senate Consideration of Presidential Nominations: Committee and Floor Procedure, by [author name scrubbed].

4.

For a general discussion of Senate committee referrals, see CRS Report 98-242, Committee Jurisdiction and Referral in the Senate, by [author name scrubbed].

5.

As discussed below under the heading, "112^th Congress Standing Order on Nominations," pursuant to a standing order adopted in the 112^th Congress (2011-2012), certain specific nominations and categories of nominations are not referred to committee when received, but are subject to a potentially more expedited process of Senate consideration.

6.

The positions are Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade; Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Trade Promotion/Director General of the U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service; Director of the Office of Management and Budget; Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget; Assistant Secretary of Energy for Environmental Management; Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; Assistant Secretary of Labor for Veterans' Employment and Training Service; and Director of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.

7.

On January 9, 2007, the Senate agreed, by unanimous consent, "that nominations to the Office of Inspector General, except the Office of Inspector General of the Central Intelligence Agency, be referred in each case to the committee having primary jurisdiction over the department, agency or entity, and if and when reported in each case, then to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs for not to exceed 20 calendar days, except that in cases when the 20-day period expires while the Senate is in recess, the committee shall have an additional 5 calendar days after the Senate reconvenes to report the nomination and that if the nomination is not reported after the expiration of that period, the nomination be automatically discharged and placed on the executive calendar." Sen. Harry Reid, "Executive Nominations," remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 153, part I, January 9, 2007, p. 487.

8.

These sequentially referred nominations include those to be the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works, which was referred to the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Environment and Public Works; the Assistant Attorney General for the National Security Division, which was referred to Committee on the Judiciary and the Select Committee on Intelligence; the Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, which was referred, in two cases, to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and the Committee on the Judiciary; and the Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security for the Transportation Security Administration, which was referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.

9.

This position is currently known in the Department of the Treasury as Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence.

10.

Sen. Bill Frist, "Referral of Nominations," remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 150, part 11, July 8, 2004, p. 14904.

11.

Sen. Mitch McConnell, "Referral of Discharged Nomination," remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 152, part 8, June 14, 2006, p. 11186.

12.

Sen. Mitch McConnell, "Discharge and Referral," remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 152, part 10, June 29, 2006, p. 13597.

13.

31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1). For more information, see CRS Report RL31965, Financial Management in the Federal Government: Efforts to Improve Performance, by [author name scrubbed]; and CRS Report RL32550, Homeland Security Financial Accountability Act: History and Recent Developments (pdf), by [author name scrubbed].

14.

In the 112^th Congress, the Senate also passed legislation intended to reduce the number of executive branch positions subject to Senate confirmation. Enactment of S. 679 eliminates the requirement of Senate approval of several specified presidentially appointed positions in the federal agencies and departments. S. 679 passed the Senate on June 29, 2011, passed the House of Representatives on July 31, 2012, and was signed into law by the President on August 10, 2012, as P.L. 112-166. For additional information on these two measures, see CRS Report R41872, Presidential Appointments, the Senate's Confirmation Process, and Changes Made in the 112^th Congress, by [author name scrubbed].

15.

Remarks of Sen. Charles E. Schumer, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 157 (June 29, 2011), p. S4203.

16.

Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 159, November 21, 2013, p. S8418.

17. The Legislative Information System, which is accessible to Congress, is available at http://www.congress.gov/nomis/. A similar, publicly available database is at http://thomas.loc.gov/home/nomis.html. 18.

For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position).

19. This chief financial officer (CFO) is one of the CFO positions covered by the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-576), as amended, that may be filled through appointment by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or through designation by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). 20.

Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG's agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7.

* Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “"112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations”" for further explanation. 32 21.

See also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position).

22.

This chief financial officer (CFO) is one of the CFO positions covered by the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-576), as amended, that may be filled through appointment by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or through designation by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)).

23. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. Congressional Research Service 9 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Department of Transportation33 Administrator—Federal Transit Administration Department of the Treasury34 Under Secretary—Terrorism and Financial Crimes35 Assistant Secretary—Financial Institutions Assistant Secretary—Financial Stability Assistant Secretary—International Markets and Development Assistant Secretary—Terrorist Financing Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program36 Comptroller of the Currency (five-year term of office) Director of the Mint (five-year term of office) Director—Office of Financial Research (six-year term of office) Director—Office of Thrift Supervision (five-year term of office) Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection Director Council of Economic Advisers (Executive Office of the President) Chair Export-Import Bank37 (political balance required) Member—five positions (four-year terms of office—Chair must be confirmed as both a member and as chair.) Inspector General38 33 For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation; Committee on Environment and Public Works; and Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 34 For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Finance and Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 35 Nominations to this position are referred jointly to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Finance pursuant to a unanimous consent agreement of July 8, 2004. Sen. Bill Frist, “Referral of Nominations,” For more information, see footnote 7.

* Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See "112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations" for further explanation.

24.

As of October 31, 2007, the most recent nomination to this position had been referred sequentially to the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Environment and Public Works. On March 10, 2005, the Senate agreed, by unanimous consent, that "when the nomination for the Assistant Secretary for Civil Works is received by the Senate, it will be referred to the Committee on Armed Services; provided that when the Committee on Armed Services reports the nomination it be referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works for a period of 20 days of session; provided further that if the Committee on Environment and Public Works does not report the nomination within those 20 days, the committee be discharged from further consideration of the nomination and the nomination be placed on the Calendar." Sen. Mitch McConnell, "Unanimous Consent Agreement—Executive Calendar," remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 151, part 3, March 10, 2005, p. 4386.

* Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See "112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations" for further explanation.

25.

For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position).

26.

Nominations to this position are referred jointly to the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources pursuant to a standing order entered into by the Senate by unanimous consent on June 28, 1990. Sen. George Mitchell, "Joint Referral of Department of Energy Nomination," remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 136, part 11, June 28, 1990, pp. 16573-16574.

27.

For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation; Committee on Environment and Public Works; Committee on Finance; Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs; and Committee on the Judiciary.

28.

Within the Department of Commerce, this position is also known as Under Secretary for Industry and Security.

29.

Nominations to this position are referred jointly to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Finance pursuant to a unanimous consent agreement of September 20, 2007. Sen. John Kerry, "Joint Referral," remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 153, part 18, September 20, 2007, p. 25123.

30.

Nominations to this position are referred jointly to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation pursuant to a unanimous consent agreement of May 26, 2005. Sen. Bill Frist, "Joint Referral," remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 151, part 8, May 26, 2005, p. 11590.

31.

See also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position).

32.

This chief financial officer (CFO) is one of CFO positions covered by the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-576), as amended, that may be filled through appointment by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or through designation by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)).

33.

Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG's agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7.

* Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See "112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations" for further explanation.

34.

For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation; Committee on Environment and Public Works; and Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position).

35.

For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Finance and Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position).

36. Nominations to this position are referred jointly to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Finance pursuant to a unanimous consent agreement of July 8, 2004. Sen. Bill Frist, "Referral of Nominations," remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 150, part 11, July 8, 2004, p. 14904. On April 8, 2004, Stuart Levey was nominated to be Under Secretary for Enforcement. The nomination was referred to the Committee on Finance, which reported it on May 20. Pursuant to a UC agreement of July 8, the nomination was referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, and simultaneously re-referred to the Committee on Finance (Sen. Bill Frist, “"Referral of Nominations,”" remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 150, part 11, July 8, 2004, p. 14904). The unanimous consent agreement stated that the agreement was to be specific to the nominations then at hand. The Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs reported the nomination on July 20, and the Committee on Finance was discharged from further consideration pursuant to the July 8 agreement. The Senate confirmed the Levey nomination on July 21. The position of Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes (or Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence, as it is known by the Department of the Treasury) was established by P.L. 108-447, Div. H, Title II, §222 (118 Stat. 3242) as a successor office to the Under Secretary for Enforcement, and Levey continued to serve in the new position until he announced his resignation on January 24, 2011. 36 37. Established by the Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (Section 121, P.L. 110-343; 12 USC 5231). Neil M. Barofsky was nominated November 17, 2008. As is the case with most inspectors general, Barofsky’'s nomination was sequentially referred to the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee after it was reported out of the Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee. 37 38. See also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 38 39. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. Congressional Research Service 10 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation39 (political balance required) Member—three positions (six-year terms of office—Chair and vice chair must be confirmed as both a member and as chair.) Inspector General40 Federal Housing Finance Agency (political balance required) Director41 Member—four positions (seven-year terms of office) Inspector General42 Federal Reserve System, Board of Governors Governor—seven positions (14-year terms of office—Chair and vice chair, who must be confirmed as both a governor and as chair and vice chair, also need to be confirmed for four-year terms in those offices.) Financial Stability Oversight Council Member—ten voting positions and five nonvoting (six-year terms of office) National Credit Union Administration, Board of Directors (political balance required) Member—three positions (six-year terms of office) Securities and Exchange Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—five positions (five-year terms of office) Part-Time Positions National Consumer Cooperative Bank, Board of Directors *Member—three (of 15 total) positions (three-year terms of office) National Institute of Building Sciences, Board of Directors *Member—six (of 21 total) positions (three-year terms of office) Securities Investor Protection Corporation, Board of Directors *Director—five (of seven total) positions (three-year terms of office)43 39 For more information, see footnote 7. 40. See also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 41. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. 41 7. 42. This position was established by the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-289; 122 Stat. 2654, Title I, Section 1101). Joseph A. Smith Jr. was nominated on November 15, 2010, and the nomination was returned to the President on December 22, 2010. To date there has been no additional nomination and the agency has an acting director. 42 43. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. 7. * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “"112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. 40 Congressional Research Service 11 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Senate Committee on the Budget Full-Time Positions Office of Management and Budget (Executive Office of the President)44 Director45 Deputy Director46 Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation Full-Time Positions Department of Commerce47 Secretary Deputy Secretary Under Secretary—Economic Affairs Under Secretary—Standards and Technology/ Director—National Institute of Standards and Technology Assistant Secretary—*Administration/*Chief Financial Officer48 Assistant Secretary—Communications and Information *Assistant Secretary—Legislative Affairs Assistant Secretary—Manufacturing and Services Assistant Secretary—Technology Policy Assistant Secretary—Trade Promotion/Director General—U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service49 44 " for further explanation. 44. 45. For other positions within the Office of Management and Budget, see also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. 45 46. On October 9, 2004, the Senate agreed to S.Res. 445 (108^th (108th Congress), which provided, in part, as follows: “The "The Committee on the Budget and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs shall have joint jurisdiction over the nominations of persons nominated by the President to fill the positions of Director and Deputy Director for Budget within the Office of Management and Budget, and if one committee votes to order reported such a nomination, the other must report within 30 calendar days session, or be automatically discharged”" (§101(e)). Nominations to the positions of Director and Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget have been jointly referred to the two committees since the 109th Congress. 46 109^th Congress. 47. Ibid. The Chief Financial Officer Act of 1990 designated the Deputy Director as the Deputy Director for Management and Finance and as the Chief Financial Officer of the U.S. (P.L. 101-576, Title II, Section 202(c)). 47 48. For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs; Committee on Environment and Public Works; Committee on Finance; Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs; and Committee on the Judiciary. 48 49. This dual title position requires two separate nominations. Both nominations go to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. This chief financial officer (CFO) is one of the CFO positions covered by the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-576), as amended, that may be filled through appointment by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or through designation by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). 49 Nominations to this position are referred jointly to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the (continued...) Congressional Research Service 12 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation General Counsel Inspector General50 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Under Secretary—Oceans and Atmosphere/Administrator—NOAA Assistant Secretary—Conservation and Management/Deputy Administrator—NOAA Assistant Secretary—Environmental Observation and Prediction—NOAA Department of Homeland Security51 Under Secretary—Science and Technology Assistant Secretary/Administrator—Transportation Security Administration52 Commandant—United States Coast Guard Officers (commissions and promotions)—United States Coast Guard Officers Department of Transportation53 Secretary Deputy Secretary Under Secretary—Policy Assistant Secretary—Aviation and International Affairs *Assistant Secretary—Governmental Affairs Assistant Secretary—Transportation Policy Administrator—Federal Aviation Administration (five-year term of office) Administrator—Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Administrator—Federal Railroad Administration Administrator—Maritime Administration Administrator—National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Administrator—Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration Administrator—Research and Innovative Technology Administration *Chief Financial Officer54 (...continued) 50. Nominations to this position are referred jointly to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation pursuant to a unanimous consent agreement of May 26, 2005. Sen. Bill Frist, “"Joint Referral,”" remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 151, part 8, May 26, 2005, p. 11590. 50 51. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. 51 7. 52. For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Finance, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, and Committee on the Judiciary. The Homeland Security Act authorizes not more than 12 assistant secretaries to be appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate (6 U.S.C. §113). 52 53. Nominations to this position are referred sequentially to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. 53 54. For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs; Committee on Environment and Public Works; and Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 54 55. This chief financial officer (CFO) is one of the CFO positions covered by the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 ( (P.L. 101-576), as amended, that may be filled through appointment by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or through designation by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). Congressional Research Service 13 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation General Counsel Inspector General55 Consumer Product Safety Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—five positions (seven-year terms of office—Only three of the positions have been funded and filled since the mid-1980s; the chair must be confirmed as both a member and the chair.) Federal Communications Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—five positions (five-year terms of office) Federal Maritime Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—five positions (five-year terms of office) Federal Trade Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—five positions (seven-year terms of office) National Aeronautics and Space Administration56 Administrator Deputy Administrator *Chief Financial Officer Inspector General57 National Transportation Safety Board (political balance required) Member—five positions (five-year terms of office—the chair must be confirmed as both a member and as chair.) Office of Science and Technology Policy (Executive Office of the President) Director Associate Director—Energy and Environment Associate Director—National Security and International Affairs Associate Director—Science Associate Director—Technology/Chief Technology Officer Surface Transportation Board (political balance required) Member—three positions (five-year terms of office) 55 Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)).

* Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See "112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations" for further explanation.

56. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. 56 7. 57. See also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 57 58. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. 7. * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “"112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. Congressional Research Service 14 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Part-Time Positions Corporation for Public Broadcasting Board of Directors (political balance required) Member—nine positions (six-year terms of office) Metropolitan Washington Airport Authority Board of Directors *Member—three positions (six-year terms of office; political balance required) AMTRAK, Board of Directors58 Member—seven positions (five-year terms of office) Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation Advisory Board (political balance required) *Member—five positions (indefinite terms of office) 58 " for further explanation. 59. Previously known as the AMTRAK Reform Board; name changed to AMTRAK Board of Directors with Title II, AMTRAK Reform and Operational Improvements, Section 202 of P.L. 110-432 (122 Stat. 4848), October 16, 2008. * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “"112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. Congressional Research Service 15 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Full-Time Positions Department of Energy59 Secretary Deputy Secretary Under Secretary Under Secretary—Science Administrator—Energy Information Administration *Assistant Secretary—Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs Assistant Secretary—Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Assistant Secretary—Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Assistant Secretary—Environmental Management60 Assistant Secretary—Fossil Energy Assistant Secretary—International Affairs and Domestic Policy Assistant Secretary—Nuclear Energy Director—Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy Director—Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Director—Office of Minority Economic Impact Director—Office of Science *Chief Financial Officer61 General Counsel Inspector General62 59 " for further explanation. 60. For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Armed Services and Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 60 61. Nominations to this position are referred jointly to the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources pursuant to a standing order entered into by the Senate by unanimous consent on June 28, 1990. Sen. George Mitchell, “"Joint Referral of Department of Energy Nomination,”" remarks in the Senate, Congressional RecordCongressional Record, vol. 136, part 11, June 28, 1990, pp. 16573-16574. 61 62. This chief financial officer (CFO) is one of the CFO positions covered by the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 ( (P.L. 101-576), as amended, that may be filled through appointment by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or through designation by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). 62 63. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. 7.* Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “"112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. Congressional Research Service 16 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Department of the Interior63 Secretary Deputy Secretary Assistant Secretary—Fish, Wildlife, and Parks64 Assistant Secretary—Insular Affairs Assistant Secretary—Land and Minerals Management *Assistant Secretary—Management, and Budget/Chief Financial Officer65 Assistant Secretary—Water and Science Commissioner—Bureau of Reclamation Director—Bureau of Land Management Director—National Park Service Director—Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement Director—U.S. Geological Survey Inspector General66 Solicitor Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—five positions (five-year terms of office) Office of the Federal Coordinator for Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects *Federal Coordinator67 63 " for further explanation. 64. For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Environment and Public Works, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position), and Committee on Indian Affairs. 64 65. Nominations to this position have been referred jointly to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee on Environment and Public Works pursuant to a unanimous consent agreement of April 26, 2007. Sen. Harry Reid, “"Joint Referral of Nomination,”" remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 153, part 7, April 26, 2007, p. 10583. 65 66. This chief financial officer (CFO) is one of the positions covered by the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-576), as amended, that may be filled through appointment by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or through designation by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). 66 67. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. 67 7. 68. A June 12, 2006, nomination to this position was initially referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. On June 29, 2006, the Senate agreed, by unanimous consent, that “"the nomination of Drue Pearce to be the Federal Coordinator for Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects be discharged from the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and be referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.”" Sen. Mitch McConnell, “"Discharge and Referral,”" remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 152, part 10, June 29, 2006, p. 13597. The term of the Federal Coordinator is “"to last until 1 year following the completion of the project referred to in section 103” 103" of the Alaska Natural Gas Pipeline Act (15 U.S.C. Section 720d(b)(1)). Section 103 discusses “"an Alaska natural gas transportation project other than the Alaska natural gas transportation system”" (15 U.S.C. 720a(a)). * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “"112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. Congressional Research Service 17 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works Full-Time Positions Department of Commerce68 Assistant Secretary—Economic Development Department of Defense69 Assistant Secretary—Army—Civil Works70 Department of the Interior71 Assistant Secretary—Fish, Wildlife and Parks72 Director—U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Department of Transportation73 Administrator—Federal Highway Administration Appalachian Regional Commission Federal Cochair Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board Member—five positions (five-year terms of office—the chair must be confirmed as both a member and as chair.) 68 " for further explanation. 69. For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs; Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation; Committee on Finance; Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs; and Committee on the Judiciary. 69 70. For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Armed Services and Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 70 71. Nominations to this position are referred sequentially to the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Environment and Public Works. On March 10, 2005, the Senate agreed, by unanimous consent, that “"when the nomination for the Assistant Secretary for Civil Works is received by the Senate, it be referred to the Committee on Armed Services; provided that when the Committee on Armed Services reports the nomination it be referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works for a period of 20 days of session; provided further that if the Committee on Environment and Public Works does not report the nomination within those 20 days, the committee be discharged from further consideration of the nomination and the nomination be placed on the Calendar.”" Sen. Mitch McConnell, “ "Unanimous Consent Agreement—Executive Calendar,”" remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 151, part 3, March 10, 2005, p. 4386. 71 72. For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position), and Committee on Indian Affairs. 72 73. Nominations to this position are referred jointly to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee on Environment and Public Works pursuant to a unanimous consent agreement of April 26, 2007. Sen. Harry Reid, “"Joint Referral of Nomination,”" remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 153, part 7, April 26, 2007, p. 10583. 73 74. For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs; Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position); and Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Congressional Research Service 18 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Council on Environmental Quality (Executive Office of the President)74 Chair Delta Regional Authority Federal Cochair Environmental Protection Agency75 Administrator Deputy Administrator Assistant Administrator—Administration and Resources Management Assistant Administrator—Air and Radiation Assistant Administrator—Enforcement and Compliance Assurance Assistant Administrator—Environmental Information/Chief Information Officer Assistant Administrator—International and Tribal Affairs Assistant Administrator—Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances Assistant Administrator—Research and Development Assistant Administrator—Solid Waste and Emergency Response Assistant Administrator—Toxic Substances76 Assistant Administrator—Water *Chief Financial Officer77 General Counsel Inspector General78 Northern Border Regional Commission Federal Cochair Nuclear Regulatory Commission79 (political balance required) Commissioner—five positions (five-year terms of office) Inspector General80 74 Science, and Transportation.

* Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See "112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations" for further explanation.

75. Chair is confirmed as a member and designated as chair by the President (42 USC §4342). Composition of Council on Environmental Quality: Act August 2, 2005, P.L. 109-54, Title III, 119 Stat. 543, provides: “Notwithstanding "Notwithstanding section 202 of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1970 [this section], the Council [on Environmental Quality] shall consist of one member, appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, serving as chairman and exercising all powers, functions, and duties of the Council.” 75 " 76. See also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 76 77. In the EPA this position is considered to be the assistant administrator for the Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (OCSPP); title as nominated is not used per telephone verification with the OCSPP on 1/25/2012. 77 78. This chief financial officer (CFO) is one of the CFO positions covered by the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 ( (P.L. 101-576), as amended, that may be filled through appointment by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or through designation by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. 78 79. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. 79 7. 80. See also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 80 81. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. Congressional Research Service 19 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Office of Environmental Quality Deputy Director81 Part-Time Positions Morris K. Udall Scholarship and Excellence in National Environmental Policy Foundation, Board of Trustees (political balance required) *Member—nine positions (six-year terms of office) Tennessee Valley Authority, Board of Directors82 Member—nine positions (five-year terms of office) Inspector General83 81 For more information, see footnote 7.

* Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See "112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations" for further explanation.

82. There is established in the Executive Office of the President an office to be known as the Office of Environmental Quality (hereinafter in this title [42 USCS §§4371 et seq.] referred to as the “Office”"Office"). The Chairman of the Council on Environmental Quality established by Public Law 91-190 [42 USCS §§4321 et seq.] shall be the Director of the Office. There shall be in the Office a Deputy Director who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. (b) Compensation of Deputy Director. The compensation of the Deputy Director shall be fixed by the President at a rate not in excess of the annual rate of compensation payable to the Deputy Director of the Bureau of the Budget [Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget]. 82 83. See also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 83 84. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. 7. * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “"112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. Congressional Research Service 20 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Senate Committee on Finance Full-Time Positions Department of Commerce84 Under Secretary—International Trade85 Assistant Secretary—Import Administration Assistant Secretary—Market Access and Compliance Department of Health and Human Services86 Secretary Deputy Secretary Administrator—Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services *Assistant Secretary—Resources and Technology87/Chief Financial Officer88 Assistant Secretary—Family Support Assistant Secretary—Legislation Assistant Secretary—Planning and Evaluation Assistant Secretary—Public Affairs Commissioner—Children, Youth, and Families General Counsel Inspector General89 Department of Homeland Security90 Commissioner—U.S. Customs and Border Protection 84 " for further explanation. 85. For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs; Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation; Committee on Environment and Public Works; Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs; and Committee on the Judiciary. 85 86. As of December 22, 2010, the most recent nomination to this position had been referred jointly to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Finance pursuant to a unanimous consent agreement of September 29, 2005. Sen. Bill Frist, “"Joint Referral of Nomination,”" remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 151, part 16, September 29, 2005, p. 21774. 86 87. For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position); Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions; and Committee on Indian Affairs. 87 88. Within the Department of Health and Human Services, this position is known as Assistant Secretary for Financial Resources and Chief Financial Officer. 88 89. This chief financial officer (CFO) is one of the CFO positions covered by the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 ( (P.L. 101-576), as amended, that may be filled through appointment by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or through designation by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). 89 90. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. 90 7. 91. For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation; Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs; and Committee on the Judiciary. The Homeland Security Act authorizes not more than 12 assistant secretaries to be appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate (6 U.S.C. §113). As of April 15, 2011 eleven assistant secretaries had been nominated and confirmed. Congressional Research Service 21 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Department of the Treasury91 Secretary Deputy Secretary Under Secretary—Domestic Finance Under Secretary—International Affairs Under Secretary—Terrorism and Financial Crimes92 Assistant Secretary—Economic Policy Assistant Secretary—Financial Markets Assistant Secretary (Deputy Under Secretary)—International Affairs93 Assistant Secretary—Tax Policy *Assistant Secretary (Deputy Under Secretary)—Legislative Affairs94 *Chief Financial Officer95 Chief Counsel—Internal Revenue Service/Assistant General Counsel for Tax Commissioner—Internal Revenue (five-year terms of office) General Counsel Inspector General96 Inspector General—Tax Administration97 Office of United States Trade Representative (Executive Office of the President) U.S. Trade Representative Deputy U.S. Trade Representative Deputy U.S. Trade Representative 91

* Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See "112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations" for further explanation.

92. For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 92 93. On April 8, 2004, Stuart Levey was nominated to be Under Secretary for Enforcement. The nomination was referred to the Committee on Finance, which reported it on May 20. Pursuant to a UC agreement of July 8, the nomination was referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, and simultaneously re-referred to the Committee on Finance (Sen. Bill Frist, “"Referral of Nominations,”" remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 150, part 11, July 8, 2004, p. 14904`). The UC agreement stated that the agreement was to be specific to the nominations then at hand. The Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs reported the nomination on July 20, and the Committee on Finance was discharged from further consideration pursuant to the July 8 agreement. The Senate confirmed the Levey nomination on July 21. The position of Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes (or Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence, as it is known by the Department of the Treasury) was established by P.L. 108-447, Div. H, Title II, §222 (118 Stat. 3242) as a successor office to the Under Secretary for Enforcement, and Levey continued to serve in the new position until he announced his resignation on January 24, 2011. 93 94. Under the provisions of 31 U.S.C. §301(d), the Department of the Treasury has two deputy under secretariesUnder Secretaries who are to be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate. Section 301(d) also provides the “"[w]hen appointing each Deputy Under Secretary, the President may designate the Deputy Under Secretary as an Assistant Secretary.”" As of April 15, 2011, the most recent appointees to Deputy Under Secretary for International Affairs and Deputy Under Secretary for Legislative Affairs were identified as assistant secretaries on the Department of Treasury the Treasury website at http://www.ustreas.gov/. 94 Ibid. 95 . 95.

Ibid.

96. This chief financial officer (CFO) is one of the CFO positions covered by the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 ( (P.L. 101-576), as amended, that may be filled through appointment by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or through designation by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. 96 97. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. 97 Ibid. Congressional Research Service 22 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Deputy U.S. Trade Representative Chief Agricultural Negotiator Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation Director98 Social Security Administration99 Commissioner (six-year term of office) Deputy Commissioner (six-year term of office) Inspector General100 United States International Trade Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—six positions (nine-year terms of office) United States Tax Court Judge—19 positions (15-year terms of office) Part-Time Positions Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund, Board of Trustees (political balance required) *Member—two (of six total) positions (four-year terms of office) Federal Old-Age and Survivors Trust Fund and the Disability Insurance Trust Fund, Board of Trustees (political balance required) *Member—two (of six total) positions (four-year terms of office) *Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund, Board of Trustees (political balance required) Member—two (of six total) positions (four-year terms of office) Internal Revenue Service Oversight Board *Member—seven (of nine total) positions (five-year terms of office) Social Security Advisory Board (political balance required) *Member—three (of seven total) positions (six-year terms of office)101 98 For more information, see footnote 7. 98.

Ibid.

* Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See "112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations" for further explanation.

99. The Director of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation was established as a position to which appointments are made by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, by the Pension Protection Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-280, , §411; 120 Stat. 935). The act provides that “"[t]he Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate shall have joint jurisdiction over the nomination of a person nominated by the President to fill [this position], and if one committee votes to order reported such a nomination, the other shall report within 30 calendar days, or be automatically discharged” (" (P.L. 109-280, §411(c)(1); 120 Stat. 935). The act also provides that the executive director at the time of enactment, “"or any other individual, may serve as interim Director ... until an individual is appointed as Director”" under the advice and consent process (P.L. 109-280, §411(d); 120 Stat. 936). The first nomination to this position was received by the Senate on May 3, 2007, and was referred as specified in the law to the Senate Committees on Finance; and Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. 99 100. See also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 100 101. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. 7. 102. * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “112th Congress (continued...) Congressional Research Service 23 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Full-Time Positions Department of State102 Secretary Deputy Secretary Deputy Secretary—Management and Resources Under Secretary—Arms Control and International Security Under Secretary—Economic, Energy and Agricultural Affairs Under Secretary—Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights Under Secretary—Management Under Secretary—Political Affairs Under Secretary—Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs Assistant Secretary—African Affairs103 Assistant Secretary—Arms Control, Verification and Compliance Assistant Secretary—Budget and Planning/*Chief Financial Officer104 Assistant Secretary—Conflict and Stabilization Operations Assistant Secretary—Consular Affairs Assistant Secretary—Democracy, Human Rights and Labor Assistant Secretary—Diplomatic Security/Director—Office of Foreign Missions105 Assistant Secretary—East Asian and Pacific Affairs Assistant Secretary—Economic, Energy and Business Affairs Assistant Secretary—Educational and Cultural Affairs Assistant Secretary—European and Eurasian Affairs Assistant Secretary—International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Assistant Secretary—International Organization Affairs Assistant Secretary—International Security and Nonproliferation *Assistant Secretary—Legislative Affairs Assistant Secretary—Near Eastern Affairs Assistant Secretary—Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs (...continued) "112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations”" for further explanation. 102 103. For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position), and Select Committee on Intelligence. 103 104. Although not guaranteed, the two most recent Assistant Secretaries—African Affairs also held the advice and consent part-time position as a member of the Board of Directors of the African Development Foundation. 104 105. The chief financial officer (CFO) may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). With regard to State Department appointments, since 2001 through the 110th 110^th Congress, the same individual had been separately and simultaneously nominated for, and confirmed to, the positions of CFO and Assistant Secretary for Resource Management. In 2011, this office was renamed the Bureau of Budget and Planning. 105 106. Nomination must be made and confirmed for both positions. * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “"112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. Congressional Research Service 24 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Assistant Secretary—Political-Military Affairs Assistant Secretary—Population, Refugees and Migration Assistant Secretary—South and Central Asian Affairs Assistant Secretary—Western Hemisphere Affairs Ambassador-at-Large—Coordinator—Counterterrorism Ambassador-at-Large—Global Women’s Issues Ambassador-at-Large—Director—Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons Ambassador-at-Large—International Religious Freedom Ambassador-at-Large—War Crimes Issues U.S. Permanent Representative to the Organization of American States U.S. Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Coordinator—Reconstruction and Stabilization Coordinator—U.S. Global AIDS Director General—Foreign Service *Chief Financial Officer106 Inspector General107 Legal Adviser Chief of Protocol108 Ambassadors Foreign Service Officers (numerous commissions and promotions) U.S. Mission to the United Nations U.S. Permanent Representative and Chief of Mission—United Nations U.S. Deputy Permanent Representative—United Nations U.S. Representative—United Nations Economic and Social Council U.S. Alternate Representative—Special Political Affairs in the United Nations U.S. Representative—United Nations Management and Reform U.S. Representative—European Office of the United Nations (Geneva) U.S. Representative—Vienna Office of the United Nations (also serves as a representative to the International Atomic Energy Agency) U.S. Representative—International Atomic Energy Agency U.S. Deputy Representative—International Atomic Energy Agency U.S. Representative and Alternate Representatives to sessions of the General Assembly and other United Nations Bodies—numerous positions (terms of office depends on length of session) 106 " for further explanation. 107. This chief financial officer (CFO) is one of the CFO positions covered by the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 ( (P.L. 101-576), as amended, that may be filled through appointment by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or through designation by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). 107 108. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. 108 7. 109. According to the State Department, “"Since 1961, the Chief of Protocol has been commissioned an Ambassador, requiring the President’'s nominee to be confirmed by the Senate.”" Quote from the State Department website, available at http://www.state.gov/s/cpr/c15634.htm. . * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “"112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. Congressional Research Service 25 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation U.S. Agency for International Development109 Administrator Deputy Administrator Assistant Administrator—Sub-Saharan Africa Assistant Administrator—Asia Assistant Administrator—Europe and Eurasia Assistant Administrator—Food Safety Assistant Administrator—Global Health Assistant Administrator—Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistance Assistant Administrator—Latin America and Caribbean Assistant Administrator—Middle East *Assistant Administrator—Legislative and Public Affairs Assistant Administrator—Policy, Planning and Learning Assistant Administrator—Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade Inspector General110 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development U.S. Executive Director International Broadcasting Bureau, Broadcasting Board of Governors Director International Joint Commission, United States and Canada Commissioner—three positions International Monetary Fund U.S. Executive Director (two-year term of office) U.S. Alternate Executive Director (two-year term of office) Inter-American Development Bank U.S. Executive Director (three-year term of office—The incumbent of this position also serves as U.S. Executive Director for the Inter-American Investment Corporation.) U.S. Alternate Executive Director (three-year term of office—The incumbent of this position also serves as U.S. Alternate Executive Director for the Inter-American Investment Corporation.) U.S. Trade and Development Agency Director 109 " for further explanation. 110. See also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 111. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. 7. * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “"112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. 110 Congressional Research Service 26 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Organizations with Full- and Part-Time Positions111 African Development Bank U.S. Executive Director (five-year term of office; full-time) Governor and Alternate Governor (five-year terms of office; part-time) Asian Development Bank U.S. Executive Director (full-time) Governor and Alternate Governor (part-time) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development U.S. Executive Director (two-year term of office; full-time—The incumbent also serves as U.S. Executive Director for the International Finance Corporation and the International Development Association.) U.S. Alternate Executive Director (two-year term of office; full-time—The incumbent also serves as U.S. Alternate Executive Director for the International Finance Corporation and the International Development Association.) Governor (same individual as the International Monetary Fund Governor; five-year term of office; part-time—The incumbent also serves as Governor for the International Finance Corporation and the International Development Association.) Alternate Governor (five-year term of office; part-time—The incumbent also serves as Alternate Governor for the International Finance Corporation and the International Development Association.) Millennium Challenge Corporation Chief Executive Officer (full-time) *Member, Board of Directors—four (of nine total) positions (part-time; three-year terms of office) Overseas Private Investment Corporation President/Chief Executive Officer (full-time) Executive Vice President (full-time) *Member, Board of Directors—eight (of 15 total) positions (part-time; three-year terms of office) Peace Corps Director (full-time) Deputy Director (full-time) *Member, National Peace Corps Advisory Council—15 positions (part-time; political balance required; two-year terms of office) 111 " for further explanation. 112. Because several organizations under this committee have both full- and part-time advice and consent positions, they were listed under this heading for succinctness. * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “"112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. Congressional Research Service 27 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Part-Time Positions Advisory Board for Cuba Broadcasting (political balance required)112 *Member—eight positions (three-year terms of office) African Development Foundation, Board of Directors (political balance required) *Member—seven positions (six-year terms of office)113 African Development Fund Governor and Alternate Governor Broadcasting Board of Governors (political balance required) Member—eight (of nine total) positions (three-year terms of office) Inter-American Foundation, Board of Directors (political balance required) *Member—nine positions (six-year terms of office) U.S. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy114 (political balance required) *Commissioner—seven positions (three-year terms of office) 112 " for further explanation. 113. The Office of the Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs at the White House has confirmed that there has not been a nomination to the Board since a nomination in January 2005 that was subsequently confirmed by the Senate in June 2005. 113 114. Although not guaranteed, the two most recent Assistant Secretaries—African Affairs also held the advice and consent part-time position as a member of the Board of Directors of the African Development Foundation. 114 115. Nominations to these positions are processed by the State Department. (Communication with State Department official, July 2, 2007.) * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “"112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. Congressional Research Service 28 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Full-Time Positions Department of Education115 Secretary Deputy Secretary Under Secretary Assistant Secretary—Civil Rights Assistant Secretary—Communications and Outreach Assistant Secretary—Elementary and Secondary Education *Assistant Secretary—Legislation and Congressional Affairs Assistant Secretary—Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development Assistant Secretary—Postsecondary Education Assistant Secretary—Special Education and Rehabilitative Services Assistant Secretary—Vocational and Adult Education *Chief Financial Officer116 *Commissioner—Rehabilitation Services Administration Director—Institute of Education Sciences (six-year term of office) General Counsel Inspector General117 Department of Health and Human Services118 Administrator—Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Assistant Secretary—Aging Assistant Secretary—Health *Assistant Secretary—Legislation Assistant Secretary—Preparedness and Response *Commissioner—Administration for Children, Youth, Families Commissioner—Food and Drugs Director—National Institutes of Health Surgeon General (four-year term of office) Public Health Service—Officer Corps 115 " for further explanation. 116. See also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 117. This chief financial officer (CFO) is one of the positions covered by the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-576), as amended, that may be filled through appointment by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or through designation by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). 117 118. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. 118 7. 119. For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Finance, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position), and Committee on Indian Affairs. * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “"112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. 116 Congressional Research Service 29 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Department of Labor119 Secretary Deputy Secretary *Assistant Secretary—Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs Assistant Secretary—Disability Employment Policy Assistant Secretary—Employee Benefits Security Administration Assistant Secretary—Employment and Training Administration Assistant Secretary—Mine Safety and Health Administration Assistant Secretary—Occupational Safety and Health Administration Assistant Secretary—Policy Assistant Secretary—Veterans’ Employment and Training Service120 Administrator—Wage and Hour Division Commissioner—Bureau of Labor Statistics *Chief Financial Officer121 Inspector General122 Solicitor Corporation for National and Community Service123 Chief Executive Officer Inspector General124 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—five positions (five-year terms of office) General Counsel (four-year term of office) Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service Director Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission Commissioner—five positions (six-year terms of office) 119 " for further explanation. 120. For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position) and Committee on Veterans’' Affairs. 120 121. Nominations to this position are jointly referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions and the Committee on Veterans’' Affairs pursuant to a unanimous consent agreement of May 24, 2005. Sen. Bill Frist, “ "Joint Referral,”" remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 151, part 8, May 24, 2005, p. 10958. 121 122. This chief financial officer (CFO) is one of the CFO positions covered by the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 ( (P.L. 101-576), as amended, that may be filled through appointment by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or through designation by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). 122 123. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. 123 7. 124. See also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 124 125. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. Congressional Research Service 30 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities National Endowment for the Arts—Chair (four-year term of office) National Endowment for the Humanities—Chair (four-year term of office) Institute of Museum and Library Services—Director (four-year term of office) National Labor Relations Board (Political balance is not required, but, by tradition, no more than three members are from the same party.) Member—five positions (five-year terms of office) General Counsel (four-year term of office) National Mediation Board (political balance required) Member—three positions (three-year terms of office) National Science Board Member—twenty-four positions (six-year terms of office) National Science Foundation Director (six-year term of office) Deputy Director Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission Member—three positions (six-year terms of office) Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation Director125 Railroad Retirement Board126 Member—three positions (five-year terms of office—Chair must be confirmed as both a member and as chair.) Inspector General127 125 For more information, see footnote 7.

* Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See "112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations" for further explanation.

126. The Director of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation was established as a position to which appointments are made by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, by the Pension Protection Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-280, , §411; 120 Stat. 935). The act provides that “"[t]he Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate shall have joint jurisdiction over the nomination of a person nominated by the President to fill [this position], and if one committee votes to order and report such a nomination, the other shall report within 30 calendar days, or be automatically discharged” (" (P.L. 109-280, §411(c)(1); 120 Stat. 935). The act also provides that the executive director at the time of enactment, “"or any other individual, may serve as interim Director ... until an individual is appointed as Director”" under the advice and consent process (P.L. 109-280, §411(d); 120 Stat. 936). The first nomination to this position was received by the Senate on May 3, 2007, and was referred as specified by law to the Senate Committees on Finance; and Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. 126 127. See also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 127 128. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. 7. 129. * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. Congressional Research Service 31 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Part-Time Positions Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Foundation, Board of Trustees (political balance required) *Member—eight (of 13 total) positions (six-year terms of office) Corporation for National and Community Service, Board of Directors (political balance required) *Member—15 positions (five-year terms of office) Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation, Board of Trustees (political balance required) *Member—eight (of 13 total) positions (six-year terms of office) James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation, Board of Trustees (political balance required) *Member—six (of 13 total) positions (six-year terms of office) Legal Services Corporation Board of Directors (political balance required) *Member—11 positions (three-year terms of office) National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities National Council on the Arts *Member—18 positions (of 25 total) positions (six-year terms of office) National Council on the Humanities *Member—26 positions (of 27 total) positions (six-year terms of office) United States Institute of Peace, Board of Directors (political balance required) *Chairman *Vice Chairman *Member—10 (of 15 total) positions (four-year terms of office)128 * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “112th Congress "112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. Congressional Research Service 32 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Full-Time Positions Department of Commerce129 Director—Bureau of the Census (five-year term of office)130 Department of Homeland Security131 Secretary Deputy Secretary Under Secretary—Management Under Secretary—National Protection and Programs132 Assistant Secretary—Policy Assistant Secretary—U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement133 Assistant Secretary/Administrator—Transportation Security Administration134 Administrator—Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Deputy Administrator—FEMA Deputy Administrator—Protection and National Preparedness (FEMA) *Chief Financial Officer135 General Counsel Inspector General 129 " for further explanation. 130. For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs; Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation; Committee on Environment and Public Works; Committee on Finance; and Committee on the Judiciary. 130 131. S. 679 (112^th (112th Congress) changed the term for the Director of the Bureau of the Census to a five-year term beginning in 2012, with a two-term limit. 131 132. For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation; Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs; and Committee on the Judiciary. The Homeland Security Act authorizes not more than 12 assistant secretaries to be appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate (6 U.S.C. §113). 132 133. It could be argued that the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 (Title VI of P.L. 109-295) ) abolished this position. For more information on this argument, see CRS Report RL33729, Federal Emergency Management Policy Changes After Hurricane Katrina: A Summary  Summary of Statutory Provisions,, coordinated by Keith Bea. [author name scrubbed]. Notwithstanding this argument, the President submitted a nomination to this position on September 4, 2007; the nomination was referred to this committee then subsequently withdrawn by the President on December 19, 2007. On April 4, 2009, the President nominated Rand Beers to this position. He was subsequently confirmed by this committee on June 19, 2009. 133 134. Nominees to this position are referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and the Committee on the Judiciary pursuant to unanimous consent agreement of October 7, 2005. (Sen. Ted Stevens, “ "Sequential Referral of Nomination,”" remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 151, October 7, 2005, p. 22639.) Within DHS this position is known as Director—U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. 134 135. Nominations to this position are referred sequentially to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. 135 136. This chief financial officer (CFO) is one of the CFO positions covered by the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 ( (P.L. 101-576), as amended, that may be filled through appointment by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or through designation by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). Congressional Research Service 33 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency to the District of Columbia Director (six-year term of office) District of Columbia Court of Appeals (15-year terms of office) Chief Judge Associate Judges—8 positions District of Columbia Superior Court (15-year terms of office) Chief Judge Associate Judges—sixty-one positions136 Superior Court of the District of Columbia (four-year terms of office) United States Marshal137 Federal Labor Relations Authority (political balance required) Members—three positions (five-year terms of office) General Counsel (five-year term of office) General Accountability Office Comptroller General (15-year term of office) Deputy Comptroller General138 General Services Administration Administrator Inspector General Merit Systems Protection Board (political balance required) Member—three positions (seven-year terms of office—Chair must be confirmed as both a member and as chair.) National Archives and Records Administration Archivist Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) Inspector General of the Intelligence Community139 136 Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)).

* Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See "112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations" for further explanation.

137. The number of judges was changed from 59 (58 associate judges and one chief judge) to 62 (61 associate judges and one chief judge) by P.L. 108-207 (March 16, 2004). 137 138. Title 28 U.S.C. §561(c) provides for the president to appoint a United States marshal for each judicial district of the United States and for the Superior Court of the District of Columbia. The nomination for the U.S. Marshal for the Superior Court of the District of Columbia is under the jurisdiction of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs whereas the nominations for all other marshals are under the jurisdiction of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. 138 139. The term of the Deputy Comptroller General expires upon the appointment of a new Comptroller General, or when a successor is appointed (31 U.S.C. §703(b)). No one has been nominated to this office for at least 25 years. * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. 139 140. Nominations to this position are referred sequentially to the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs pursuant to unanimous consent agreement of January 7, 2009, Congressional Record, vol. 155, part 1, p. 242. 141. , vol. 155, part 1, p. 242. Congressional Research Service 34 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Office of Government Ethics Director (five-year term of office) Office of Management and Budget (Executive Office of the President) Director140 Deputy Director141 Deputy Director—Management Administrator—Office of Federal Procurement Policy Administrator—Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs *Controller—Office of Federal Financial Management Office of Personnel Management Director (four-year term of office) Deputy Director Inspector General Office of Special Counsel Special Counsel (five-year term of office) Postal Regulatory Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—five positions (six-year terms of office) Most Other Inspectors General142 Part-Time Positions Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board *Member—five positions (four-year terms of office) Special Panel on Appeals Chair (six-year term of office) United States Postal Service Board of Governors (political balance required) Governor—nine positions (nine-year terms of office) 140 On October 9, 2004, the Senate agreed to S.Res. 445 (108^th (108th Congress), which provided, in part, as follows: “The "The Committee on the Budget and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs shall have joint jurisdiction over the nominations of persons nominated by the President to fill the positions of Director and Deputy Director for Budget within the Office of Management and Budget, and if one committee votes to order reported such a nomination, the other must report within 30 calendar days session, or be automatically discharged”" (§101(e)). Nominations to the positions of Director and Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget have been jointly referred to the two committees since the 109th Congress. 141 Ibid. * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. 142 109^th Congress. 142.

Ibid.

143. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. 7. * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “"112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. Congressional Research Service 35 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Senate Committee on Indian Affairs Full-Time Positions Department of Health and Human Services143 Director—Indian Health Service (four-year term of office) *Commissioner—Administration for Native Americans Department of the Interior144 Assistant Secretary—Indian Affairs Chair—National Indian Gaming Commission (three-year term of office) Special Trustee—American Indians 143 " for further explanation. 144. For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Finance, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position), and Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. 144 145. For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, Committee on Environment and Public Works, and Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See "112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations" for further explanation. 146. with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See p. 3 for further explanation. Congressional Research Service 36 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Full-Time Positions Department of Homeland Security Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis Department of Justice Assistant Attorney General—National Security Division145 Department of State Assistant Secretary—Intelligence and Research146 Department of the Treasury Assistant Secretary—Intelligence and Analysis Central Intelligence Agency Director General Counsel Inspector General Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) Director Principal Deputy Director Director—National Counterterrorism Center General Counsel Chief Information Officer Inspector General of the Intelligence Community 147 145 Nominations to this position are referred sequentially to the Committee on the Judiciary and the Select Committee on Intelligence pursuant to Section 17(b)(1) of S.Res. 400 of the 94th94^th Congress (as amended by §506(d) of P.L. 109-177 (March 9, 2006)). The applicable portion of the provision reads, “"With respect to the confirmation of the Assistant Attorney General for National Security, or any successor position, the nomination of any individual by the President to serve in such position shall be referred to the Committee on the Judiciary and, if and when reported, to the select Committee for not to exceed 20 calendar days, except that in cases when the 20-day period expires while the Senate is in recess, the select Committee shall have 5 additional calendar days after the Senate reconvenes to report the nomination.” 146 " 147. Nominees to this position were initially referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. The Senate agreed, by unanimous consent, that nominations for Assistant Secretary of State—Intelligence and Research be discharged from the Committee on Foreign Relations and that they be referred to the Committee on Intelligence. Sen. Mitch McConnell, “ "Referral of Discharged Nomination,”" remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 152, part 8, June 14, 2006, p. 11186. 147 148. Nominations to this position are referred sequentially to the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs pursuant to unanimous consent agreement of January 7, 2009, Congressional Record, vol. 155, part 1, p. 242. 149.

See also Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs; Committee on Environment and Public Works; Committee on Finance; and Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.

150.

For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation; Committee on Finance; and Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. The Homeland Security Act authorizes not more than 12 assistant secretaries to be appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate (6 U.S.C. §113).

151. Nominees to this position are referred to the Committee on the Judiciary and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs pursuant to unanimous consent agreement of October 7, 2005. (Sen. Ted Stevens, "Sequential Referral of Nomination,", vol. 155, part 1, p. 242. Congressional Research Service 37 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Senate Committee on the Judiciary Full-Time Positions Department of Commerce148 Under Secretary—Intellectual Property/Director—U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Department of Homeland Security149 Assistant Secretary—U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement150 Director—U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Department of Justice151 Attorney General Deputy Attorney General Associate Attorney General Assistant Attorney General—Antitrust Division Assistant Attorney General—Civil Division Assistant Attorney General—Civil Rights Division Assistant Attorney General—Criminal Division Assistant Attorney General—Environment and Natural Resources Division *Assistant Attorney General—Legislative Affairs Assistant Attorney General—National Security Division152 Assistant Attorney General—Office of Justice Programs Assistant Attorney General—Office of Legal Counsel Assistant Attorney General—Office of Legal Policy 148 See also Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs; Committee on Environment and Public Works; Committee on Finance; and Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. 149 For other positions within the department, see also Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation; Committee on Finance; and Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. The Homeland Security Act authorizes not more than 12 assistant secretaries to be appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate (6 U.S.C. §113). 150 Nominees to this position are referred to the Committee on the Judiciary and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs pursuant to unanimous consent agreement of October 7, 2005. (Sen. Ted Stevens, “Sequential Referral of Nomination,” remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 151, part 17, October 7, 2005, p. 22639.) Within DHS this position is known as Director—U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. 151 152. Although the Department of Justice is included in the statute that provides presidentially appointed and SenateconfirmedSenate-confirmed chief financial officers for all of the major executive branch agencies (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)), this provision is superseded by 28 U.S.C. §507. The latter section provides that the Assistant Attorney General for Administration, appointed by the Attorney General with the approval of the President, shall be the CFO for the Department of Justice. See also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 152 153. Nominations to this position are referred sequentially to the Committee on the Judiciary and the Select Committee on Intelligence pursuant to Section 17(b)(1) of S.Res. 400 of the 94th94^th Congress (as amended by §506(d) of P.L. 109-177 (March 9, 2006)). The applicable portion of the provision reads, “"With respect to the confirmation of the Assistant Attorney General for National Security, or any successor position, the nomination of any individual by the President to serve in such position shall be referred to the Committee on the Judiciary and, if and when reported, to the select Committee for not to exceed 20 calendar days, except that in cases when the 20-day period expires while the Senate is in recess, the select Committee shall have 5 additional calendar days after the Senate reconvenes to report the nomination.” " * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “"112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. Congressional Research Service 38 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Assistant Attorney General—Tax Division Administrator—Drug Enforcement Administration Deputy Administrator—Drug Enforcement Administration Director—Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives Director—Community Relations Service (four-year term of office) Director—Federal Bureau of Investigation (10-year term of office) Director—Office on Violence Against Women Director—U.S. Marshals Service Inspector General153 Solicitor General Special Counsel—Immigration-Related Unfair Employment Practices (four-year term of office) U.S. Attorney—93 positions (four-year terms of office) U.S. Marshal—93 positions (four-year terms of office)154 Foreign Claims Settlement Commission Chair—(three-year term of office; nominated from among commissioner members—See additional listing under part-time positions below.) Office of National Drug Control Policy (Executive Office of the President)155 Director Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board156 Member—five positions (six-year term of office) United States Circuit Court Judges—179 positions (life tenure) United States Court of Federal Claims Judges—16 positions (15-year terms of office) United States Court of International Trade (life tenure) Judges—nine positions (political balance required) United States District Courts157 Judges—677 positions (most are life tenure—These include four judges in three territorial courts, who are appointed to 10-year terms of office.) 153 " for further explanation. 154. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. 154 7. 155. Although the President may appoint separate U.S. attorneys and U.S. marshals for the District of Guam and the District of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), this has never been done. One U.S. marshal and one U.S. attorney serve both Guam and the CNMI. See 48 U.S.C. §1821(b)(3-4). 155 156. See also Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions for one other position within the agency. 156 157. Established under Section 1061 of the Intelligence and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (5 U.S.C. 601 note), P.L. 108-458 / 118 Stat. 3638. Positions include a chair, vice chair, and three additional members. 157 158. The 677 district court judgeships consist of 663 permanent judgeships, 10 temporary judgeships, and four4 territorial court judgeships. In the districts with the 10 temporary judgeships, the seat lapses with the departure of a judge from that district at some particular time specified in statute unless Congress enacts legislation to extend the temporary judgeship or convert it to a permanent judgeship. A temporary judgeship in the Northern District of Ohio lapsed in (continued...) Congressional Research Service 39 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation United States Parole Commission158 Member—five positions (six-year term of office) United States Sentencing Commission Chair—(six-year term of office; nominated from among commission members.)159 Vice Chair—three positions (six-year terms of office; designated from among commission members.) United States Supreme Court Chief Justice—(life tenure) Associate Justices—eight positions (life tenure) Part-Time Positions Foreign Claims Settlements Commission *Member—three positions (three-year terms of office—One person is nominated to be the fulltime chair of the commission along with two part-time members (22 U.S.C. 1622c(b)). State Justice Institute, Board of Directors (political balance required) *Director—11 positions (three-year terms of office, 42 U.S.C. 10708(a)(1)(c)). United States Sentencing Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—three positions (six-year terms of office)160 (...continued) December 27, 2010. 158 December 27, 2010. 159. The President may designate one sitting member to be the chairman. 159 160. There are seven voting members appointed through the advice and consent process. The chair and three vice chairs are full-time positions per 28 U.S.C. 992. The other three positions are part-time positions as described in 28 U.S.C. 992(c). * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. 160 992(c). 161. Three commissioners serve part-time as described in 28 U.S.C. 992(c). The other three members of the Commission are the chair and three vice chairs who serve full-time per 28 U.S.C. 992. Congressional Research Service 40 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Senate Committee on Rules and Administration Full-Time Positions Architect of the Capitol Architect Election Assistance Commission (political balance required) Commissioner—four positions (four-year terms of office) Federal Election Commission (political balance required) Commissioners—six positions (six-year terms of office) Government Printing Office Public Printer Library of Congress Librarian Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship Full-Time Positions Small Business Administration161 Administrator Deputy Administrator Chief Counsel for Advocacy Inspector General162 161 are the chair and three vice chairs who serve full-time per 28 U.S.C. 992.

* Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See "112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations" for further explanation.

162. See also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 163. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. 162 Congressional Research Service 41 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Senate Committee on Veterans’ Affairs Full-Time Positions Department of Labor163 Assistant Secretary—Veterans’ Employment and Training Service164 Department of Veterans Affairs165 Secretary Deputy Secretary Under Secretary—Benefits (four-year term of office) Under Secretary—Health (four-year term of office) Under Secretary—Memorial Affairs *Assistant Secretary—Congressional and Legislative Affairs Assistant Secretary—Information and Technology Assistant Secretary—Policy and Planning Chair—Board of Veterans’ Appeals (six-year term of office) *Chief Financial Officer166 General Counsel Inspector General167 United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims Judge—37 positions (15-year terms of office) 163 For more information, see footnote 7. 164. For other positions in this department, see also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position) and Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. 164 165. Nominations to this position are referred jointly to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions and the Committee on Veterans’' Affairs pursuant to a unanimous consent agreement of May 24, 2005. Sen. Bill Frist, “ "Joint Referral,”" remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, vol. 151, part 8, May 24, 2005, p. 10958. 165 166. See also Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (for inspector general position). 166 167. This chief financial officer (CFO) is one of the CFO positions covered by the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 ( (P.L. 101-576), as amended, that may be filled through appointment by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or through designation by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for other positions (31 U.S.C. §901(a)(1)). 167 168. Pursuant to a UC agreement, most IG nominations are referred sequentially to the committee with predominant jurisdiction over the particular IG’'s agency and then the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. For more information, see footnote 7. 7. * Nomination covered by S.Res. 116 with privileged status under a standing order of the Senate. See “"112th Congress Standing Order on Nominations” for further explanation. Congressional Research Service 42 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Appendix. Presidential Appointee Positions That No Longer Require Senate Confirmation Per P.L. 112-166, the Presidential Appointment Efficiency and Streamlining Act of 2011 Table A-1. Positions That No Longer Require Senate Confirmation Per P.L. 112-166 (positions listed by Senate Committee of Jurisdiction) Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry Assistant Secretary for Administration, Department of Agriculture Rural Utilities Service Administrator, Department of Agriculture Directors (7), Commodity Credit Corporation Armed Services Members (6), National Security Education Board Director, Selective Service Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Administrator, Community Development Financial Institution Fund, Department of the Treasury Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Department of Housing and Urban Development Members (2), Council of Economic Advisers Commerce, Science, and Transportationa Deputy Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration Chief Scientist, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Assistant Secretary for Administration, Department of Transportationb Assistant Secretary for Budget and Programs, Department of Transportationc Administrator, St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation Environment and Public Works Alternate Federal Co-Chairman, Appalachian Regional Commission Commissioners (7), Mississippi River Corporation Finance Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Department of Treasury Treasurer of the United States Assistant Secretary for Management, Department of Treasuryd Foreign Relations Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Department of State Assistant Administrator for Management, U.S. Agency for International Development Assistant Secretary for Administration, Department of State Congressional Research Service 43 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation Health, Education, Labor and Pensionse Assistant Secretary for Management, Department of Education Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Department of Labor Commissioner, Education Statistics, Department of Education Members (15), National Council on Disability Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Department of Health and Human Services Members (24), National Science Foundation Managing Directors (2), Corporation for National and Community Service Members (15), National Board of Education Sciences Assistant Secretary for Administration and Management, Department of Labor Members (10), National Institute for Literacy Advisory Board Director of the Women’s Bureau, Department of Labor Members (20), National Museum and Library Services Board, National Foundation of the Arts and Humanities Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Director, Office of Counternarcotics Enforcement, Department of Homeland Security Chief Medical Officer, Department of Homeland Security Director, Office for Domestic Preparedness, Federal Emergency Management Administration, Department of Homeland Security Administrator, U.S. Fire Administration, Department of Homeland Security Assistant Secretary for Health Affairs, Department of Homeland Security Assistant Secretary for Legislative Affairs, Department of Homeland Security Assistant Administrator for Grant Programs, Federal Emergency Management Administration, Department of Homeland Security Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Department of Homeland Security Indian Affairs Commissioner, Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation Members (13), Board of Trustees, Institute of American Indian and Alaska Native Culture and Arts Development Judiciary Director, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Department of Justice Deputy Director, Office of National Drug Control Policy, Executive Office of the President Director, Bureau of Justice Assistance, Department of Justice Deputy Director, Demand Reduction, Office of National Drug Control Policy, Executive Office of the President Director, National Institute of Justice, Department of Justice Deputy Director, Supply Reduction, Office of National Drug Control Policy, Executive Office of the President Director, Office for Victims of Crime, Department of Justice Deputy Director, State, Local, and Tribal Affairs, Office of National Drug Control Policy, Executive Office of the President Administrator, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Department of Justice Veterans’ Affairs Assistant Secretary for Management, Department of Veterans Affairs Assistant Secretary for Operations, Security, and Preparedness, Department of Veterans Affairs Assistant Secretary for Human Resources and Administration, Department of Veterans Affairs Assistant Secretary for Public and Intergovernmental Affairs, Department of Veterans Affairs Source: Congressional Research Service, based upon the lists provided in the Congressional Record upon introduction of S. 679 (Congressional Record, vol. 157, part 44 (March 30, 2011), pp. 1985-1990). Changes made in committee markup were identified through Congressional Quarterly and are available at http://www.cq.com/pdf/ 3852080. Committee jurisdiction was determined based upon the list provided in the Congressional Record upon Congressional Research Service 44 Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation the bill’s introduction, as well as examination of past referrals of nominations in the Legislative Information System’s nominations database. See also CRS Report R41872, Presidential Appointments, the Senate’s Confirmation Process, and Changes Made in the 112th Congress, by Maeve P. Carey, in which this table first appeared. Notes: In addition to eliminating advice and consent requirements for the positions listed here, P.L. 112-166 also makes some other changes. In the Department of Defense, the authorized number of Assistant Secretaries is reduced from 16 to 14. The two that would be eliminated in accordance with that reduction would be the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks and Information Integration and the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs. Within 180 days of the enactment of P.L. 112-166, the Secretary of Defense is required to report to the appropriate congressional committees his plan for establishing positions that would fulfill the functions of those two Assistant Secretary positions, but they could not be subject to Senate confirmation or at the Assistant Secretary level. Another change made by the passage of P.L. 112-166 is that the Director of the Bureau of the Census would have a five-year term, beginning in 2012, with a two-term limit. Additionally, for the positions of Governor and Alternate Governor for the African Development Bank, Asian Development Bank, and African Development Fund, the President can nominate an individual with the advice and consent of the Senate, or he can designate an individual to fill those positions from among individuals serving in positions that are already, independently, subject to advice and consent of the Senate. a. An additional 319 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Officer Corps positions are typically referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. These are included in P.L. 112-166 and will no longer be considered by the Senate. Nominations for the NOAA Officer Corps are sometimes considered en bloc, or in a list that receives a single vote. b. P.L. 112-166 requires the Assistant Secretary for Administration to be appointed by the Secretary with the approval of the President. c. It appears that the Assistant Secretary for Budget and Programs also serves as the CFO in the Department of Transportation. P.L. 112-166 eliminates the advice and consent requirement for the Assistant Secretary position, but the CFO position will still require advice and consent. The CFO position for Transportation is included in P.L. 112-166. d. It appears that the Assistant Secretary for Management also serves as the CFO in the Department of the Treasury. P.L. 112-166 eliminates the advice and consent requirement for the Assistant Secretary position, but the CFO position will still require advice and consent. The CFO position for Treasury is included in P.L. 112-166. e. The advice and consent requirements for an additional 2,536 Public Health Services Officer Corps positions have been eliminated as well by P.L. 112-166. These nominations are typically non-controversial and are considered by the Senate en bloc, with the Senate considering a large number of nominees and casting a single vote for the entire list. The list may include dozens or even hundreds of nominees. Author Contact Information Christopher M. Davis Analyst on Congress and the Legislative Process cmdavis@crs.loc.gov, 7-0656 Jerry W. Mansfield Information Research Specialist Acknowledgment This report was originally authored by Henry B. Hogue, analyst in American National Government, and Maureen Bearden, information research specialist. The listed authors would like to acknowledge the assistance that CRS colleagues Maureen Bearden, Maeve P. Carey, and Henry B. Hogue provided during the updating of this report. Congressional Research Service 45 " for further explanation.