< Back to Current Version

Shale Gas, Tight Oil, and Hydraulic Fracturing: CRS Experts

Changes from August 24, 2012 to January 5, 2016

This page shows textual changes in the document between the two versions indicated in the dates above. Textual matter removed in the later version is indicated with red strikethrough and textual matter added in the later version is indicated with blue.


Shale Gas, Tight Oil, and Hydraulic Fracturing: CRS Experts
January 5, 2016 (R42677)

Contents

The use of hydraulic fracturing—along with advanced drilling methods—has enabled the production of oil and gas from unconventional (low-permeability) reservoirs that were previously inaccessible. This technique is now used on more than 90% of new wells and has resulted in the marked expansion of estimated U.S. oil and natural gas reserves in recent years.1 The rapidly expanding use of hydraulic fracturing has drawn congressional attention to a range of related issues including potential environmental impacts, state and federal regulatory requirements, implications for domestic oil and gas supplies and energy independence, pipeline capacity and development, oil and gas exports, and others. The following tables provide names and contact information for CRS experts on major issues associated with hydraulic fracturing and
and Hydraulic Fracturing: CRS Experts Mary Tiemann Specialist in Environmental Policy Michael Ratner Specialist in Energy Policy August 24, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R42677 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Shale Gas and Hydraulic Fracturing: CRS Experts Contents Tables Table 1. Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources............................................................................. 1 Table 2. Environmental Management and Regulation..................................................................... 2 Contacts Author Contact Information............................................................................................................. 4 Congressional Research Service Shale Gas and Hydraulic Fracturing: CRS Experts T he use of hydraulic fracturing—along with advanced drilling methods—has enabled the production of oil and gas from unconventional (low-permeability) reservoirs that were previously inaccessible. This technique is now used on more than 90% of new wells and has resulted in the marked expansion of estimated U.S. oil and natural gas reserves in recent years.1 The rapidly expanding use of hydraulic fracturing has drawn congressional attention to a range of related issues including potential environmental impacts; state and federal regulatory requirements; implications for domestic oil and gas supplies and energy independence; pipeline capacity and development; and others. The following tables provide names and contact information for CRS experts on major issues associated with hydraulic fracturing and unconventional oil and gas resource development. (See also CRS Report R42667, Oil, Natural Gas, and Coal: CRS Experts, by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed].) Table 1. Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources

Legislative Issues

Name/Title

Phone

E-mail

Resource Assessment and Production

Shale gas and other unconventional natural gas resources

[author name scrubbed]Specialist in Energy Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Tight oil (shale oil and other unconventional oil resources)

[author name scrubbed]Specialist in Energy Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

  [author name scrubbed]Specialist in Energy Economics

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Technical Issues

Geology (oil and gas formations, aquifers, induced seismicity)

[author name scrubbed]Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Hydraulic fracturing/well stimulation processes

[author name scrubbed]Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Natural gas flaring, venting, and fugitive emissions

Rick LattanzioSpecialist in Environmental Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Oil and gas drilling and production processes

[author name scrubbed]Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

  [author name scrubbed]Specialist in Energy Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Pipelines and distribution

Paul ParfomakSpecialist in Energy and Infrastructure Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Induced seismicity (earthquakes)

[author name scrubbed]Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Well construction and operation

[author name scrubbed]Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

  [author name scrubbed]Specialist in Energy Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Markets and Utilization

Consumption

[author name scrubbed]Specialist in Energy Economics

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

  [author name scrubbed]Specialist in Energy Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Imports, Exports, and Trade

[author name scrubbed]Specialist in Energy Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Trade (legal aspects, World Trade Organization)

Brandon MurrillLegislative Attorney

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

International Issues

[author name scrubbed]Specialist in Energy Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Source: Prepared by Congressional Research Service.

Table 2. Environmental Management and Regulation

Legislative Issues

Name/Title

Phone

E-mail

Air Quality

Clean Air Act (CAA) standards, green completions, fugitive emissions, methane emissions, life cycle analysis, etc.

Rick LattanzioSpecialist in Environmental Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

  Jim McCarthy Specialist in Environmental Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Chemical Disclosure (Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids)

Legal aspects, state laws

Brandon MurrillLegislative Attorney

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Federal requirements

[author name scrubbed]Specialist in Environmental Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Chemicals/toxicity/reporting

Jerry YenAnalyst in Environmental Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

, by Michael Ratner and Brent D. Yacobucci.) Table 1. Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources Legislative Issues Name/Title Phone E-mail Michael Ratner Specialist in Energy Policy 7-9529 mratner@crs.loc.gov Anthony Andrews Specialist in Energy and Defense Policy 7-6843 aandrews@crs.loc.gov Michael Ratner Specialist in Energy Policy 7-9529 mratner@crs.loc.gov Anthony Andrews Specialist in Energy and Defense Policy 7-6843 aandrews@crs.loc.gov Carl E. Behrens Specialist in Energy Policy 7-8303 cbehrens@crs.loc.gov Geology (oil and gas formations, aquifers) Peter Folger Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy 7-1517 pfolger@crs.loc.gov Hydraulic fracturing/well stimulation processes Anthony Andrews Specialist in Energy and Defense Policy 7-6843 aandrews@crs.loc.gov Peter Folger Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy 7-1517 pfolger@crs.loc.gov Natural gas flaring Michael Ratner Specialist in Energy Policy 7-9529 mratner@crs.loc.gov Oil and gas drilling and production processes Anthony Andrews Specialist in Energy and Defense Policy 7-6843 aandrews@crs.loc.gov Resource Assessment and Production Shale gas and other unconventional natural gas resources Tight oil (shale oil and other unconventional oil resources) Technical Issues 1 Hydraulic fracturing is done after a well is drilled and involves injecting large volumes of water, sand (or other propping agent), and specialized chemicals under enough pressure to fracture the formations holding the oil or gas. The sand or other proppant holds the fractures open to allow the oil or gas to flow freely out of the formation and into a production well. See CRS Report R42333, Marcellus Shale Gas: Development Potential and Water Management Issues and Laws, by Mary Tiemann et al., and CRS Report R42032, The Bakken Formation: Leading Unconventional Oil Development, by Michael Ratner et al. Congressional Research Service 1 Shale Gas and Hydraulic Fracturing: CRS Experts Legislative Issues Name/Title Phone E-mail Peter Folger Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy 7-1517 pfolger@crs.loc.gov Pipelines and distribution Paul Parfomak Specialist in Energy and Infrastructure Policy 7-0030 pparfomak@crs.loc.gov Induced seismicity (earthquakes) Peter Folger Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy 7-1517 pfolger@crs.loc.gov Well construction and operation Anthony Andrews Specialist in Energy and Defense Policy 7-6843 aandrews@crs.loc.gov Peter Folger Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy 7-1517 pfolger@crs.loc.gov Robert Pirog Specialist in Energy Economics 7-6847 rpirog@crs.loc.gov Michael Ratner Specialist in Energy Policy 7-9529 mratner@crs.loc.gov Imports, Exports, and Trade Michael Ratner Specialist in Energy Policy 7-9529 mratner@crs.loc.gov International Issues Michael Ratner Specialist in Energy Policy 7-9529 mratner@crs.loc.gov Markets and Utilization Consumption Source: Prepared by Congressional Research Service. Table 2. Environmental Management and Regulation Legislative Issues Name/Title Phone E-mail Rick Lattanzio Analyst in Environmental Policy 7-1754 rlattanzio@crs.loc.gov Jim McCarthy Specialist in Environmental Policy 7-7225 jmccarthy@lawdmc.com Air Quality Clean Air Act (CAA): green completions, fugitive emissions, life cycle analysis Chemical Disclosure (Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids) Federal requirements Mary Tiemann Specialist in Environmental Policy 7-5937 mtiemann@crs.loc.gov Legal aspects, state laws Brandan Murrill Legislative Attorney 7-8440 bmurrill@crs.loc.gov Chemicals/toxicity Linda Schierow Specialist in Environmental Policy 7-7279 lschierow@crs.loc.gov 7-6843 aandrews@crs.loc.gov Regulation of Hydraulic Fracturing on Federal Lands Bureau of Land Management (BLM) well construction requirements and proposals Anthony Andrews Specialist in Energy and Defense Policy Congressional Research Service 2 Shale Gas and Hydraulic Fracturing: CRS Experts Legislative Issues Name/Title Phone E-mail BLM chemical disclosure proposals Brandon Murrill Legislative Attorney 7-8440 bmurrill@crs.loc.gov BLM water management proposals Mary Tiemann Specialist in Environmental Policy 7-5937 mtiemann@crs.loc.gov Oil and gas leases (general) Marc Humphries Specialist in Energy Policy 7-7264 mhumphies@crs.loc.gov Oil and gas leasing (legal aspects) Adam Vann Legislative Attorney 7-6978 avann@crs.loc.gov National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Linda Luther Analyst in Environmental Policy 7-6852 lluther@crs.loc.gov National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) (legal aspects) Kristina Alexander Legislative Attorney 7-8597 kalexander@crs.loc.gov Water Quality and Wastewater Management Clean Water Act (CWA), surface water discharges, flowback and produced water treatment Claudia Copeland Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy 7-7227 ccopeland@crs.loc.gov Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), protection of drinking water and ground water Mary Tiemann Specialist in Environmental Policy 7-5937 mtiemann@crs.loc.gov Underground Injection Control (UIC) program: wastewater disposal by injection wells, use of diesel fuels in fracturing fluid Mary Tiemann Specialist in Environmental Policy 7-5937 mtiemann@crs.loc.gov Legal aspects Robert Meltz Legislative Attorney 7-7891 rmeltz@crs.loc.gov Water requirements Nicole Carter Specialist in Natural Resources Policy 7-0854 ncarter@crs.loc.gov Wastewater recycling (flowback and produced water) Nicole Carter Specialist in Natural Resources Policy 7-0854 ncarter@crs.loc.gov Water rights and allocation, water law Cynthia Brougher Legislative Attorney 7-9121 cbrougher@crs.loc.gov Interstate water compacts Cynthia Brougher Legislative Attorney 7-9121 cbrougher@crs.loc.gov David Bearden Specialist in Environmental Policy 7-2390 dbearden@crs.loc.gov Water Resources Hazardous Substance Releases “Superfund” (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, or CERCLA), release investigation and response Source: Prepared by Congressional Research Service. Congressional Research Service 3 Shale Gas and Hydraulic Fracturing: CRS Experts Author Contact Information Mary Tiemann Specialist in Environmental Policy mtiemann@crs.loc.gov, 7-5937 Congressional Research Service Michael Ratner Specialist in Energy Policy mratner@crs.loc.gov, 7-9529 4 (BLM) hydraulic fracturing regulations Brandon MurrillLegislative Attorney

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

  [author name scrubbed]Specialist in Environmental Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

  [author name scrubbed] Legislative Attorney

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

BLM chemical disclosure regulations

Brandon MurrillLegislative Attorney

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

BLM water management requirements

[author name scrubbed]Specialist in Environmental Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Natural gas flaring, venting, and fugitive emissions

Rick LattanzioSpecialist in Environmental Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Oil and gas leases (general)

[author name scrubbed]Specialist in Energy Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Oil and gas leasing (legal aspects)

[author name scrubbed] Legislative Attorney

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

[author name scrubbed]Analyst in Environmental Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Legal aspects (NEPA)

[author name scrubbed] Legislative Attorney

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Water Quality and Wastewater Management

Clean Water Act (CWA), surface water discharges, flowback and produced water treatment

[author name scrubbed]Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), protection of drinking water and ground water

[author name scrubbed]Specialist in Environmental Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Underground Injection Control (UIC) program: wastewater disposal by injection wells, induced seismicity

[author name scrubbed]Specialist in Environmental Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Legal aspects (hydraulic fracturing, SDWA, UIC)

[author name scrubbed] Legislative Attorney

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Water Resources

Water requirements

Nicole CarterSpecialist in Natural Resources Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Wastewater recycling (flowback and produced water)

Nicole CarterSpecialist in Natural Resources Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Water rights and allocation, water law

Cynthia BrougherLegislative Attorney

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Interstate water compacts

Cynthia BrougherLegislative Attorney

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Hazardous Substance Releases

"Superfund" (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, or CERCLA), release investigation and response

David Bearden Specialist in Environmental Policy

[phone number scrubbed]

[email address scrubbed]

Source: Prepared by Congressional Research Service.

Author Contact Information

[author name scrubbed], Specialist in Environmental Policy ([email address scrubbed], [phone number scrubbed])
[author name scrubbed], Specialist in Energy Policy ([email address scrubbed], [phone number scrubbed])

Footnotes

1.

Hydraulic fracturing is done after a well is drilled and involves injecting large volumes of water, sand (or other propping agent), and specialized chemicals under enough pressure to fracture the formations holding the oil or gas. The sand or other proppant holds the fractures open to allow the oil or gas to flow freely out of the formation and into a production well. See CRS Report R43148, An Overview of Unconventional Oil and Natural Gas: Resources and Federal Actions, by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed] and CRS Report R41760, Hydraulic Fracturing and Safe Drinking Water Act Regulatory Issues, by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed].